Author name:
وسام احمد شهاب المطيري
Supervisor name:
عبد الكريم لعيبي الربيعي
Abstract:
ان التربية المعاصرة تسعى لتعلم الفرد كيف يتعلم وكيف يفكر، وان هذا يعد من اهم اولوياتها، اذ ان هذا الهدف يمنح المتعلم القدرة على التعلم، ولان العصر الحالي يمتاز بالسرعة في انتاج المعرفة والتغيرات التكنولوجية، اردنا من المتعلم ان يكون ذا كفاءة عالية من ناحي | The contemporary Education aims to instruct the individual how to learn and think , this is the most its priority ,this target gives the literate ability on learning , due to present time distinguish by speed in knowledge production and technology variations , we want from the literate to have high competent in his thinking cause it is important to develop cogitation skills especially skills of critical cogitation , the acquiring of cogitation skills in general and critical cogitation in particular achieves affirmative impressions on literate ability of learning and creation and making correct decision on creative product quality. The revelation of unknown and veiled contexts in art actions determined the developing of cogitation skills, and it connect with developing supreme intellectual skills, which will reflect positively on knowledge and critic ability for the literate on one side and to improve learning level on other side.The fast developing for cultural constructs of societies made the world by what it owned of thoughts and believes ,adopting similar pattern to some extent , so it becomes more important to fortification the literate from submission and subordination beyond substantive ideas and excess at inner meninges to facing challenges ,also develop his critical cogitation and promote his tendencies towards learning process. Critical cogitation is a compound process works on submitting certain idea to verification and on this evidence would be collect and verify it , then will be decided to accept or reject it , depending on certain criteria ,so the matter of development accompaniment becomes a target and feature accompanying contemporary Education ,the arranged instructional programs has adopted mission of developing critical cogitation at literates, these programs were prepared according to theoretical basis taking into consideration actual needs of literates especially constructivist theory which will reflect affirmatively on improving literates performance in general and the artist literate in particular, and this what Art Education Department in Baghdad University had adopted in particular represented by efforts of postgraduate (PhD) professors especially to direct the studies to deals with real problems and find solutions for it and improve the result of literates , there will not be reliance on this matter unless make an experimental study to insure of sufficiency of such programs , thereby this study took place and current research treat to its problem represented by follows questions : 1 - what the effect of designing propose instructional program according to (LOGAN) sample in develop critical cogitation skills for postgraduate students ?2 - Does the strategies of constructivist learning are sufficient to advance the level of critical cogitation for postgraduate students? The research comprise of Four chapter in order to understand the research problem and attempt to solve it, First chapter includes (method frame) which involves (study problem and its necessity, study significance , study limits and determine, identify, discuss idioms of the study ), current research determined its aim by follows : (( Develop critical cogitation of Postgraduate students / PhD in analysis and criticism)) Thus , the researcher put two minor aims ,they are : 1 - Design instructional program ? according to (LOGAN) sample in instructional design depending on constructivist learning strategies to Develop critical cogitation of Postgraduate students.2 - Measuring Efficiency of instructional program through apply it on empiric sample of postgraduate students (PhD) at Art Education Department through the following : A - Measuring level of critical cogitation skills through criticism approaches in recent painting art in epistemic manner. B - Measuring level of critical cogitation skills through literate activity in analyzing and criticize recent painting art in practically manner.Researcher puts the follows null hypothesizes to verify the mentioned aims : 1 - There is no variance of statistical function at level (0,05) among grades average of experimental groups students ,through their answers on the items of knowledge acquiring test , pretest and posterior critical cogitation.2 - There is no variance of statistical function at level (0,05) among grades average of experimental groups students ,through their answers on the items of proficiency test , pretest and posterior critical cogitation.3 - There is no variance of statistical function at level (0,05) among grades average of experimental groups students ,through their answers on the items of knowledge acquiring test for critical cogitation at posterior and consecutive application.4 - There is no variance of statistical function at level (0,05) among grades average of experimental groups students ,through their answers on the items of proficiency test , for critical cogitation at posterior and consecutive application. The current research is limited to : Postgraduate students / PhD at Art Education Department / College of Fine Arts / Baghdad University. for the academic year 2013 - 2014 , in critical cogitation skills of analyzing and criticize subject , ( Pragmatic criticism , post colonially, cultural criticism , Gender criticism ) in Painting Art. Researcher enclaves study idioms by discussing whereas linguistic and idioms identification , to product procedural identities help in achieving research aim. Second chapter includes theoretical frame for all related to research subject ,as it consist of three topics , each topic deals with significant frame of problem nature, First topic deals with (critical cogitation) , The second deals with (analyzing and criticize) , Third topic deals with (Constructivist Theory and constructivist learning strategies), researcher tried to involve multifaceted and study assets with Arabic and Foreign available and recent sources, also researcher promote the theory frame with intellectual maps in addition to involve this chapter the previous studies which come close of research components and discuss it , in order to enable researcher to conclude the indicates of theory frame , previous studies had help researcher in built his test tools and apply study experimenting. Third chapter deals with research measures which contains designing instructional program according to constructivist learning strategies ,depending on (Logan) sample in instructional design and two research tools which represented by proficiency and cognitive critical cogitation test , his items ( 26 ) varies to ( conclusion , proof evaluation , hypothesizes and axioms perception , deduction ,commentary ) , it worth noting that research population represented by postgraduate students /PhD Art Education Department reached (8) students male and female , research sample represented by all population due to its small size reached (8) students for academic year 2013 - 2014, hereafter the two test (research tools) submitted to validity procedures by presented to experts who are specialized in art education teaching methods ,analysis ,criticize , evaluation and measurement , after assurance of commissioning research tool through applying on prospective sample represented by (8) both gender postgraduate students of Baghdad University / College of Fine Arts / Art Education Department , and accounting distinction level ,Essenes and hardness and appropriate time to apply test items, it becomes ready for application on pre mentioned research sample , following design of research experiment which consist of one experimental group and after fixing the variables ,the group submitted to pretest and then concentrate variable (instructional program to develop critical cogitation in ( analysis and criticism) for (7) weeks to the amount of (2) hours weekly , the total hours of experiment reached to (14) hours, experimental group had been taught by analysis and criticism subject professor of postgraduate studies (PhD) with presence of research professor supervisor and researcher for the period from 26/02/2014 to 23/04/2014. After completion of experiment application , the pretest performed on the group using statistical devices ,comparison made between result of prior test and posterior test and separate answers to make researcher reaches collection of results according to null hypothesizes aforesaid to detect the perfection of posterior application in two exams ( cognitive –proficiency) , which indicate affirmatively on independent variable efficiency ( Instructional Program) , by accounting of influence size (R2) we had been able to recognize the credibility of differences of research variable to be proof that obvious effect of instructional program on the cognitive and efficiency acquirement level for experimental group students, it was clear that (T - Test) value is (4,7471 - ) it is a statistic function value at level (0,05) , (d) value is (2,570 ) and it is accepted value , thus we reject null hypothesize and accept substitutive hypothesize , that means there is variance of statistic function at level (0,05) of critical cogitation skills application level in analysis and criticism subject of paint art. A sum of conclusions had been reached according to the light of results ,most important are : - 1. there is weakness in acquirement level of students critical cogitation skills , this had affirmed by research items and pretest of critical cogitation skills.2. importance of organize the instructional environment through principles instructional design according to constructivist learning strategies sights , and direct the didactic process advance towards fulfillment planned objectives.3. priority of constructivist learning strategies in comparison with other strategies in developing critical cogitation skills.4. efficiency of design (Logan) on the used traditional methods of teaching analysis and criticism subject within study sample in develop critical cogitation and make decision to solve didactic problems.5. there is contradiction in effect of used strategies on developing critical cogitation skills.6. efficiency of using (change conceptual) strategy at presentation of new concepts for the student which related to didactic environment that he belonging to.7. efficiency of using learning course strategy in developing (proof evaluation) skill by supporting pragmatic criticism knowledge for postgraduate students (PhD) in Art Education Department.8. Demonstrate implicit meanings of post colonially by effect of using ( suggestion hypothesizes and axioms) according to constructivist learning strategy (Yager) sample.9. Deduction skill could be develop on literate through concentrated learning strategy about the problem according to gender apprehension.10. Appearance of high level at literates in terms of cultural criticism by applying strategies figure (VEE). After reaching sum of introduced conclusions , number of recommendations and suggestions had reached ,most important of it are : - 1 - Adopting the suggested instructional program according to constructivist learning strategies in teaching postgraduate students , University of Baghdad / Art Education Department , for it effect in developing their critical cogitation skills.2 - In regard with proof of efficiency of suggested instructional program in developing critical cogitation skills at postgraduate students (PhD) Art Education Department , it is recommended to circulation use the program from art education departments at fine art colleges and education colleges at country universities.3 - Insertion of study subjects items , subjects related to constructivist learning strategies, in art education departments at fine art colleges and education colleges.4 - Adoption critical cogitation skills in analysis and criticism subject as a tools through it perform the intromission in deep penetration of aesthetic text.5 - Take into consideration training the teaching staff within program of University teaching methods center on teaching design and didactic materials and enhance their ability of using didactic design samples.6 - Allocation subjects in teaching methods courses at University didactic level as regard to styles of developing students ability in cogitation generally and improve Critical cogitation skills in particular.7 - Concerning of art education laboratories at least on postgraduate level and supply it with equipment and appropriate devices. On the other hand ,Suggestions : - 1 - Making a study to identify the efficiency of constructivist learning strategies and develop aesthetic privileging in ( aesthetic philosophy ) subject ,according to introduction (STS) for postgraduate students (PhD) Art Education Department , Art Fine College / Baghdad University.2 - Making a descriptive study to identify level of critical cogitation skills to solve technical problems for postgraduate students at Art Education Departments , Art Fine College / Baghdad University , in comparison with postgraduate students at Art Education Departments at counterpart colleges. 3 - Making studies to build suggestion study units according to constructivist learning strategies and contrast it with traditional used units in methods at level of ( Bachelor Degree) at Art Educations Departments. A list of Arabic and Foreign sources , periodicals and University thesis were regarded to.
