First pages:

الفعالية الحياتية لبعض مستخلصات النباتات الطبية على بعض انواع البكتريا والتعبير الجيني لانزيمات الكيراتينز المنتج من قبل Trichophyton rubrum == Biological Activity of some Medicinal Plant Extracts on some Bacteria and Gene Expression of Keratinases Produced from Trichophyton rubrum

Author name: علي جليل عبيد حسن عينون

Supervisor name: جواد كاظم عبود علي الجنابي | وجدان رضا محمود محمد تاج الدين

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: The present study aimed to search for safe and effective antifungal agents through investigation of the phytochemical characterization and bioactive properties of medicinal plants (Pimpinella anisum essential oil and Moringa oleifera and Malva sylvestris leaf extracts) and their effect on gene expression of keratinases produced by T. rubrum using Real Time PCR.Phytochemical analysis of active materials of P. anisum essential oil and M. oleifera leaf extracts were carried out, through TLC accompanied autobiography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC - MS analyses were proceeded to relate the chemical profile with their antifungal activity. Also, the cytotoxic effects of active compound and crude extract for both plant extracts were determined using MTT (3 - (4,5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2,5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye) assay. Screening the antifungal activity of Pimpinella anisum essential oil, Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and four traditional antifungal agents against growth and development of two strains of T. rubrum differed in their virulence were conducted. MIC for crud extracts and antifungal agent were also determined using microdilution plate, moreover, the effects of crud extracts and active compounds on gene expression was evaluated.Qualitative TLC, HPLC analysis for the anise essential oil extract revealed the presence of anethole which was identified as a main volatile compound in this extract which was identified as anethole. GC - MS analysis also revealed that trans - anethole is the major compound (96.8%), then Himachalene (1.84%), other components were also present but less than 1% e.g. Estragole, cyclohexene and 2 - Methoxy - 5 - (1 - propenyl) phenol. On the other hand, LC - MS analysis were showed the existence of that keratinase inhibitor (extracted from Moringa oleifera leaf)IICryptochlorogenicacid (C16H18O9), Astragalin (C21H20O11), so the presences of these compounds reflected the inhibitory effects on keratinase enzyme.The results upon screening, revealed that the anise oil inhibited both strains of T. rubrum, since the growth inhibition for first strain were 21, 30 and 39 mm at 15.6, 31.2 and 62.5 μl/ml respectively, while in second strain were 24, 32 and 39 mm at 15.6, 31.2 and 62.5 μl/ml respectively. The tested strains of this fungus revealed substantial sensitivity pattern toward crude extract of essential oil and anethole as well. Results showed that there was considerable growth inhibition for both strains of T. rubrum at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 15.6 μg/mL for crude oil and 7.5 μg/mL for anethole. The inhibition in radial growth due to the effect of anise essential oil increased from 56% at 3rd day to 86% at the 7th day. Sporulation was substantially decreased by anise oil treatment. Anise oil was significantly inhibited conidial germination for both strains. Treatment with anise oil induced morphological changes in the conidial group where the conidia were absent in treated sample. Protease inhibitor isolated from mature leaves of M. oleifera showed great ability to inhibit keratinase activity of T. rubrum.MTT assay revealed that anethole is safe as phototherapeutic agents, when it is having no effects on normal cell, but shown anticancer activity against cancer cell.Anise oil, anethole, M. oleifera crud inhibitor, Cryptochlorogenic acid and Astragalin showed high inhibitory effects on gene expression of keratinase enzyme in both strains of T. rubrum KP979791 and KP979787.

دراسة مقارنة، مجهرية ، جزيئية، بين الاميبا الحالة للنسيج E. histolytica والاميبا المتغيرة E. dispar في مرضى محافظة بابل == Comparative Study , Microscopic and Molecular , Between Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in Babylon Patients

Author name: شمس حامد كاظم خليل السلطاني

Supervisor name: ماهر علي جتان القريشي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في الفترة من شهر ايلول2015 ولغاية اب 2016 للتحري عن وبائية الطفيليات المعوية الاميبا الحالة للنسيج Entamoeba histolytica والاميبا غير الممرضة Entamoeba dispar بطريقة الفحص المجهري وطريقة تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة PCR والمقارنة بين كلا الطفيليين في بعض جينات عوامل الضراوة السستين بروتينيز 5 وamoebapor A ، Ap - B ، Ap - C . كذلك تضمنت الدراســـــة تقدير تركـــــيز الضــــد الافرازي S - IgA ، وكذلك قياس تركيز الاضداد IgA ، IgG ، IgMفي مصول المرضى والسيطرة.بلغ عدد العينات المفحوصة 200 عينة خروج لمرضى يعانون من الاسهال لفئات عمرية مختلفة تم جمعها من المستشفيات والمراكز الصحية وبعض العيادات الخاصة في محافظة بابل، تم فحص العينات بطريقة المسحة المباشرة وطريقة تفاعل تسلسل البلمرة باستخراج الدنا الخاص بالطفيليات منها ، في مختبرات المستشفيات والمراكز الصحية ومختبر الطفيليات المتقدم في كلية العلوم/ جامعة بابل .اظهرت نتائج الفحص المجهري ان نسبة الاصابة الاجمالية بالطفيليات المعوية اميبا الزحار 20% ) 40عينة) ، بينما بلغت 73% بطريقة تفاعل تسلسل البلمرة في حين كانت نسبة الاصابة 27.5 % لطفيلي E. dispar باستخدام البرايمر الخاص بهذا الطفيلي Ed - 1. وتضمنت الدراسة الحالية ارتباط عامل العمر والجنس ومنطقة السكن واشهر السنة بنسبة انتشار كلا الطفيليين وباستخدام الفحص المجهري وPCR واوضحت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي عدم وجود فروق معنوية في عدد المصابين بين العمر والجنس الريف والمدينة وباختلاف نوع الطفيلي، بينما وجدت فروق معنوية لنسب انتشار كلا الطفيليين حسب اشهر السنة .بينت نتائج الفحص المجهري حسب الفئة العمرية ان اعلى نسبة اصابة بلغت 37.5% للفئة العمرية (1 - 10) سنة ، بينما بلغت اقل نسبة اصابة 2.5 % للفئة العمرية (31 - 40) سنة، في حين اشارت الدراسة الجزيئية الى ان اعلى نسبة اصابة36.36 و41.3 % للفئة العمرية (1 - 10) سنة واقل نسبة اصابة هي 9.09 و3.4% لكلا من طفيلي E. dispar وE. histolytica ، على التوالي.حسب الجنس بلغت اعلى نسبة اصابة لطفيلي E. histolytica للذكور67.5 % في حين كانت في الاناث32.5 %بطريقة الفحص المجهري ، اي كانت اعلى من نتائج الـــ PCR ، اذ بلغت 41% ، 59 % للاناث والذكور على التوالي ، مقارنة بطفيلي E. dispar 73% للذكور اعلى من الاناث 27%.بلغت نسبة الاصابة بطفيلي اميبا الزحار حسب منطقة السكن في الريف 75% اعل من المدينة 25% بطريقة الفحص المجهري ، مقارنة بنتائج الـــ PCR كانت نسب الاصابة في الريف 69% اعلى من المدينة 31% ، بينما لطفيلي E. dispar في المناطق الريفية 64% اعلى من المدينة 36%.وفقا للاشهر السنوية للدراسة كانت الاصابة اكثر شيوعا في يونيو ويوليو 20و 27.5% على التوالي بطريقة الفحص المجهري، واقل نسب في نوفمبر وديسمبر ويناير ومارس بنسبة 2.5% , مقارنة لنتائج الـــPCR لاميبا النسيج كان الاصابة اكثر شيوعا في يونيو ويوليو 16.6 ، 33.3 % على التوالي، وكان اقل تواترا في اكتوبر، نوفمبر، ديسمبر، ومارس 3.3% ، في حين لطفيليE. dispar كان معدل الاصابة مرتفع في مايو ويوليو 36.36% ، واقل في سبتمبر9.09٪، مع وجود فروقات معنوية بين الطفيليات لكلتا الطريقتين.اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الجزيئية ان هناك تغاير في الدنا الخاص بعوامل الضراوة في كلا الطفيليين ، اذ كانت جميع عينات طفيلي اميبا الزحار موجبة للجين البادئ سستين بروتينيز 5 CP5 وكذلك لــ amoebapor A ، Ap - B، Ap - C، في حين لطفيلي E. dispar وجدت سبعة عينات 63.6% موجبة لــ amoebapore A ، وستة عينات 54.5% لــ Ap - B ، وثلاث عينات 27.2% لــ Ap - C، مع وجود فروق معنوية لكلا الطفيليين . اظهرت نتائـــــــــــــــــج الدراسة المناعية وجود فــــــــــــــروق معنوية للمرضــــــى المصابيــــــن بطفيلي اميبا الزحار مقارنـــــــــــــــة مع مجموعــــــــــة السيطــــــــــرة ، وبلـغ مستوى تركيز الكلوبيوليــــن المناعي S - IgA (8.582 ± 0.351) مايكروغرام/ ديسيلتر لطفيلي E. histolytica و(5.213 ± 0.421) مايكروغرام/ ديسيلتر لــ E. dispar و(1.935±0.03) مايكرو غرام/ ديسيلتر لمجموعة السيطرة ، كذلك بلغ اعلى تركيز لـــــ IgA , IgG, IgM (387.9 , 707.4, 294.9) ملغ/دل لطفيلي اميبا الزحار مقارنة مع طفيلي E. dispar مع مجموعــــــــــة السيطــــــــــرة ، مع وجود فروق معنوية للمرضى المصابين باميبا الزحار . | The present study conducted in the period from September 2015 to Augusts 2016 to determination of epidemiology for Entamoeba histolytica and nonpathogenic Entamoeba dispar by microscopic examination and conventional PCR and compromise some virulence factors cysteine proteinase CP5 gene , amoebapore A , Ap - B, Ap - C, for both parasites and estimate immunoglobulin G,A,M, and S - IgA in serum of patientsAll stool samples (200) collected from patients for different ages suffering from diarrhea or bloody diarrhea and attended to some hospitals and medical centers in Babylon governorate . All samples were examined by direct wet preparation method and polymerase chain reaction by extract the parasites DNA, in hospital and medical centers laboratories and the advanced parasites laboratory in the Biology Department / College of Science / Babylon University. The microscopic examination results show out of 40 stool samples had E. histolytica with percent 20% ,in compromise to PCR product infection rate was higher 73% , and for E. dispar 27.5% by Ed - 1 primer specific for this parasite.This study includes the relation of age, gender, and residence for both parasites infection, without significant differences for both parasites, while the annual study months had significant differences for both parasites by two methods . The microscopic study results according to ages group the highest infection percentage 37.5% for ages (1 - 10) year and the lower percentage was 2.5% for ages (31 - 40) year, while by PCR technique higher percentage 41.3 , 36.36 % for ages (1 - 10) , while the lower percentage was 3.4% , 9.09 % for (21 - 30) years, for E. histolytica and E. dispar , respectively . According to the gender, the infection Percentage in male and female 67.5% , 32.5% respectively by microscopic examination ,is higher than infection rate by PCR product 59% , 41%, for E. histolytica respectively, in compromise for E. dispar in male 73 % is higher than female 27 %.E. histolytica infection according to rural regions was 75 % higher than urban regions 25 % by microscopic examination ,in compromise to PCR product ,infection rate in rural regions was 69 % higher than urban regions 31 %, while for E. dispar in rural regions was 64% higher than urban 36 %.According to annual months of the study, the most frequent infection was in June and July 20 , 27.5% respectively by microscopic examination , and lower frequent was in November , December , January and March 2.5%, in compromise to PCR product results for E. histolytica the most frequent infection was in June and July (16.6 , 33.3)% respectively , and lower frequent was in October, November , December , and March 3.3% , while for E. dispar The high infection rate was in May and July 36.36%, and lower frequent was in September 9.09 %, with significant differences between parasites for both methods. For molecular study results, out of (40) stool samples, only (29) sample showed positive for CP5 gene marker for E. histolytica and 11 (27.5%) samples showed negative for this gene, moreover (11) stool samples showed also positive for (Ed) primer which is specific for E. dispar ,all samples of E. histolytica were positive for cysteine proteinase CP5 gene , amoebapore A , Ap - B, Ap - C, while for E. dispar only seven samples 63.6% positive for amoebapore A, six samples 54.5 % for Ap - B, and three samples 27.2% for Ap - C , with significant differences between both parasites virulence factors genes. The level of secretory IgA showed significant differences in patients with E. histolytica compared with control group, The level of secretory - IgA was (8.582 ± 0.351) μg /dL for E. histolytica and (5.213 ± 0.421) μg /dL for E. dispar and (1.935±0.03) for control group.The result of the present study, revealed the concentrations of immunoglobulin IgA , IgG , IgM, (387.9 , 707.4, 294.9 mg/dl), were higher in E. histolytica patients group compared to E. Dispar patients and control group , with a significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 for E. histolytica group

تقدير الاسبارجين في مرضى سرطان الدم بوساطة الاسبارجينيز المقيد والمنقى من Portulaca oleracea L == Estimation of Asparagine in Serum Leukemia Patients by Immobilized L - asparaginase Purified from Portulaca oleracea L

Author name: هادي ساجد عبد العباس عبد الله

Supervisor name: محمد عبد الله جبر جاسم

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: جمعت عينات النباتات قيد الدراسة من منطقة الرارنجية \مدينة الحلة\العراق. وصنفت النباتات من قبل د.نداء عدنان في قسم علوم الحياة \كلية العلوم \جامعة بابل بالاعتماد على الصفات المظهرية للنباتات . تم التحري عن فعالية انزيم الاسباراجينيز والمحتوى البروتيني في المستخلص الخام لهذه النباتات , تبين ان اعلى فعالية نوعية لانزيم الاسباراجينيز في نبات البربينة Portulaca oleracea L., ثم قدرت الفعالية الانزيمية في اجزاء النبات والتي شملت (الاواق, السيقان,الجذور, نبات كامل) حيث ظهرت اعلى فعالية في النبات الكامل مقارنة بالاجزاء الاخرى ,بالاعتماد على هذه النتائج استخدم نبات البربينة Portulaca oleracea L. كمصدر لانتاج وتنقية وتوصيف والاستخدام الطبي لانزيم الاسباراجينيز.درست الظروف المثلى لفعالية انزيم الاسباراجينيز من النبات الكامل وقد اشارت النتائج الى ان اعلى فعالية للانزيم قد تحققت بحضن الانزيم الخام مع الاسبراجين بتركيز 200mM بنسبة 1 : 3 في محلول دارئ فوسفات البوتاسيوم المنظم بتركيز 0.05 مولار بدالة حامضية 8 وبدرجة حرارة 37 م مع الانخفاض التدريجي في الفعالية النوعية للانزيم الخام بعد خزنه لفترات زمنية محددة .تم تنقية انزيم الاسباراجينيز الخام المستخلص من نبات البربينة بثلاث خطوات تضمنت الاولى الترسيب بكبريتات الامونيوم بنسبة 90% ثم التنقية بكروماتوغرافيا الترشيح الهلامي باستحدام السيفاديكس G - 100 وبعدها التنقية بكروماتوغرافيا الترشيح الهلامي باستخدام السيفاديكس G - 150 وقد ظهرت ثلاثة اشكال للانزيم حيث بلغت الفعالية النوعية للانزيم النقي 7440 وحدة\ملغم وعدد مرات التنقية 4.08 وبحصيلة انزيمية بلغت 22.7%.تم توصيف الاسباراجينيز النقي ,اذ بلغ الوزن الجزيئي52±1 كيلو دالتون باستخدام كروماتوغرافيا الترشيح الهلامي باستخدام السيفاديكس G - 100 بوجود البروتينات القياسية والتي هي Trypsin (23 KD), Pepsin (34.5 KD), Egg Albumin (43KD) , and Bovine serum albumin (67 KD) وكان الرقم الهيدروجيني الامثل لفعالية وثبات الانزيم هو 8 في حين كانت درجة الحرارة المثلى لفعالية وثبات الانزيم هي 37 م وعند دراسة الثوابت الحركية للانزيم , ظهر ان معدلات قيم ثابت ميكالس (Km) والسرعة القصوى (Vmax) وعدد التحول(Kcat ) كانت 250 ملي مولار و100 ملي مولار \دقيقة و350 1\ثانية على التوالي. قيد الانزيم باستعمال الاكار,الاكاروز والجيلاتين وتم توصيف الانزيم المقيد ومقارنته مع الانزيم الحر. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة كفاءة التقييد باستعمال مادة الاكاروز والاكار والجلاتين حيث بلغت ( (70,72,78 % على التوالي وكما تبين من النتائج ان اعلى فعالية للانزيم الحر والمقيد بالاكاروز كانت عند الدالة الحامضية 8 اما الانزيم المقيد بالاكار والجيلاتين فكانت اعلى فعالية عند الدالة الحامضية 9. بالمقابل كانت درجة الحرارة 37 م هي المثلى للفعالية للانزيم المقيد بالاكار والجيلاتين والحر و40 م للانزيم المقيد بالاكاروز. واستخدم الانزيم المقيد في تقدير تركيز الاسبارجين في مصل الدم , اظهرت النتاج ارتفاع واضح في تركيز الاسباراجين لمرضى اللوكيميا (سرطان الدم) حيث بلغت〖10〗^( - 2) - 〖10〗^( - 3) مولار مقارنة مع الاشخاص الطبيعيين حيث بلغت〖10〗^( - 4) - 〖10〗^( - 7) مولار | Plants samples were collected during 2016 (August to September) from Al - Raranjia Hamlet field / Al - Hilah city / Iraq. These samples were classified by Dr. Nidaa Adnan Muhammed ,Biology Department/ Collage of Science / University of Babylon , according to their morphological characteristics. Activity of asparaginase was detected in whole plant, leaves, steems and roots extracts. Results showed that Portulaca oleracea L. was the best one from group of tested plants for research due high yield of L - asparaginase enzyme . Maximum asparaginase activity was detected in whole plant extracts which was 43.55 U/ml in comparison with 37.74,33.16 and 36.8 U/ml in extracts of leaves, steems and roots respectively. According to these results whole plant of Portulaca oleracea L. were used as a source for asparaginase production, purification , characterization, and medical application . Activity of crude asparaginase extracted from whole plant were under optimal conditions studied. Results revealed the maximum activity of asparaginase was achieved when the enzyme was incubated with asparagine 200mM at 37°C in the presence of potassium phosphate buffer 0.05 M solution/plant sample (g) (3 : 1 ratio) at pH8 , with gradually increase in activity with increase of the substrate and gradually activity decrease after particular storage period. Crude asparaginase extract was purified in three steps ( Ammonium sulfate precipitation (90%), gel filtration chromatography technique by Sephadex G - 100 and gel filtration chromatography method by Sephadex G - 150. There are three isoform of enzyme while Specific activity of the purified asparaginase was 7440 U/mg and 4.08 Purification folds, 14.5 % yield. Characterization of the purified asparaginase showed that the molecular weight of the enzyme was 52±1 Kilo Dalton by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G - 100 in the presence of four standard proteins which they are Trypsin (23 KD), Pepsin (34.5 KD), Egg Albumin (43KD) , and Bovine serum albumin (67 KD). pH 8 was the optimum pH for enzyme activity and stability, while 37°C was the optimum temperature for both enzyme activity and stability, with Km of 250 mM toward L - asparagine as substrate and the maximum velocity (Vmax) and Kcat of 100 mM/min, 350 sec^( - 1) respectively . The activity of immobilized enzyme was determined and compared with free enzyme ,where immobilizing Efficiency of agar , agarose and gelatin techniques was ( 72 %,78 % and 70 % ) respectively, all immobilizing technique proved that the activity of the enzyme was increased significantly compared with free enzyme, where agar and gelatin methods showed more stability of enzyme at alkaline pH (pH 9) , whereas only agarose method get the enzyme more heat stability to enzyme than other immobilizing methods. There are significant elevation level of asparagine concentration in leukemic human serum samples than normal human serum samples , where reached to 〖10〗^( - 4) - 〖10〗^( - 7) M of asparagine in normal human serum samples while it was 〖10〗^( - 2) - 〖10〗^( - 3) M of asparagine in leukemic serum blood samples.

تاثير النحاس النانوي والمستخلص حيويا في بعض المؤشرات الحيوية لنبات الفجل Raphanus sativus L. == Effect of copper nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles that extract biologically in some biochemical parameters of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Author name: سمية يحيى عبد عبيس

Supervisor name: رحاب عيدان كاظم

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: تمت هذه الدراسة في مختبر النبات المتقدم لقسم علوم الحياة/كلية العلوم/جامعة بابل خلال السنة 2016 - 2017، وقد تضمنت هذه الدراسة بيان تاثير اربعة عشر معاملة من النحاس بالتراكيز (0.1 و3.5 و63.5) جزء بالمليون والنحاس النانوي الجاهز بالتراكيز (0.1 و0.3 و1.5 و23.5 و43.5 و63.5) جزء بالمليون والمستخلص المائي لاوراق نبات الدمس Conocarpus erectus L. (5%) والمحلول المزيج (مستخلص نباتي 5%+ كبريتات النحاس 0.1 مل مولر) وللمقارنة (الماء المقطر) على انبات ونمو بذور نبات الفجل Raphanus sativus L. في تجربتين احدهما في اطباق والثانية في اصص.وفي اوراق نبات الدمس تم انتاج النحاس حيويا وباستعمال تقنيات UVS وXRD وFTIR وSEM وEDX لتشخيص عنصر النحاس النانوي وتحديد مجاميعه الفعالة وخصائصه الاخرى وقد تم التوصل الى النتائج التالية : 1. ظهرت قمة الامتصاص بحدود 395 نانوميتر من خلال تقنية UVS، وكان معدل حجم دقائق النحاس النانوي 39 نانوميتر وفقا تقنية XRD وSEM وظهر وجود مجاميع فعالة سببت ثباتية لدقائق النحاس النانوي وفقا لما اشرته تقنية FTIR. 2. سبب المستخلص النباتي انخفاضا معنويا لمعظم المؤشرات الحيوية المدروسة في تجربتي اطباق بتري والاصص عدا المساحة الورقية ومحتوى البروتين اللذان ارتفعت قيمهما معنويا مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة.3. سبب المزيج تشجيع بعض المؤشرات الحيوية التي ثبطت بتاثير المستخلص النباتي او تاثير النحاس بالتركيز الاعلى (63.5 جزء بالمليون والمحضر من كبريتات النحاس) عند المقارنة مع كل من المستخلص النباتي لوحده او عند المقارنة مع التراكيز الاعلى للنحاس، ولكن معظمها بقيت ذات تثبيط معنوي عند المقارنة مع عينة السيطرة مثل النسبة المئوية لمعامل سرعة الانبات وطول المجموع الجذري ومحتوى الكاربوهيدرات ومحتوى السايتوكروم P450، وكانت مثبطة اكثر عند المقارنة مع التركيز الاعلى للنحاس مثل البرولين والميتالوثايونين. وثبطت بعض مؤشرات النمو بتاثير المزيج عند المقارنة مع كل من المستخلص النباتي لوحده او النحاس بالتركيز الاعلى او عند المقارنة مع السيطرة مثل الوزن الطري للمجموع الخضري ومحتوى الكلوروفيل الكلي. في حين ازداد بعضها عن عينة السيطرة بعد ما خفض تاثيره مقارنة مع التركيز الاعلى للنحاس مثل الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري والمساحة الورقية ومحتوى الكاروتينات والبرولين والكلوتاثيون. 4. اختلفت كبريتات النحاس في التاثير تبعا لتركيزها وقد ازدادت قيم بعض مؤشرات النمو مع انخفاض التركيز مثل النسبة المئوية للانبات وطول المجموع الجذري والوزن الطري للمجموع الجذري، والوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري والمساحة الورقية ومحتوى البرولين ومحتوى السايتوكروم. وكان التركيز 3.5 جزء بالمليون للنحاس مشجعا لطول المجموع الخضري والوزن الطري للمجموع الخضري والوزن الجاف للمجموع الجذري بصورة معنوية عن عينة السيطرة. 5. اختلفت دقائق النحاس النانوية في تاثيرها باختلاف التركيز. ولوحظ ان مؤشرات النمو شجعت مع انخفاض التركيز مثل النسبة المئوية للانبات وسرعته وطول المجموعين الخضري والجذري والوزن الطري والجاف لهما والمساحة الورقية ومحتوى الكلوروفيل الكلي والكاروتينات والبرولين والكاربوهيدرات والسايتوكروم. وتبين زيادة تلك المؤشرات عند التركيزين 1.5 و0.5 جزء بالمليون لدقائق النحاس النانوي اذ اعطيا افضل نتيجة، وعند التركيزين الاخيرين (0.3 و0.1 جزء بالمليون) انخفضت قيم المؤشرات المدروسة ولكن لم يحدث فرق معنوي عند المقارنة مع عينة السيطرة لمعظمها. ازداد محتوى البرولين والكلوتاثيون ومضادات الاكسدة معنويا عند زيادة تراكيز النحاس النانوي وانخفضت بانخفاضها. | A Laboratory study, the study was conducted to study the effect of copper at concentration 0.1, 3.5, 63.5 ppm (a Copper sulphate CuSO4) and the effects of available nano - copper at concentration 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.5, 23.5, 43.5 and 63.5 ppm, with study the effects of leave water extraction of Conocarpus erectus (5%) and the effect of mixture solution (plant extraction + CuSO4 0.1milimolar) and for comparison the distilled water used, experiment was carried out with fourteen treatments. At first stage of research, the nano copper was produced biologically from mixture solution and observation, the fast color changes with appearance of red residue. And with utilize UVS, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX technologies was detected the nanocopper elements and absorption peak was appeared at 395nm by using UVS technology. The average size of nanoparticle of copper was approximately 39 nm by using XRD and SEM, the technology of FTIR showed the present active groups due to stability of nanoparticle of copper. At the second stage of research, plant extraction was added, mixture solution , concentrations of CuSO4 and concentrations of nanocopper rather than control sample for the seed of plant Raphanus Sativus L. for two experiments, the first was cultured at petri dish and continued for 5 days, and the second was cultured in pots and continuous for 30 days, the results showed the following : 1. The plant extraction caused significantly increased for most biomarker whereas in experiment of petri dish or in pots experiment except the area of leave and protein content were significantly increased as compared with control .2. The mixture caused stimulation of some biomarkers that are inhibited by the effects of plant extraction or the effects of copper at highest concentration (63.5 ppm that are prepared from CuSO4). But non significantly for most of it as compared with plant extract or with highest concentration for copper, but most of them remained with significantly inhibited as compared with control such as indice of seed emergence speed, length of root system, carbohydrate content and cytochrome p450, or more inhibited as compared with highest concentration such as proline and metallothionien. Some indices growth were inhibited by mixture effects as compared with plant extraction alone or with the copper at highest concentration compared with control such as vegetative system of fresh weight and the total content of chlorophyll. While some of them were alleviated as compared with control after decreasing its effect as compared with highest concentration of copper such as dry weight of vegetative systems, area leave, carotenoid content, proline and glutathione. 3. The copper as Copper Sulphate was caused different effects according to its concentration. The values of some growth indices were increased, with decreased the concentration such as % of germination, length of roots systems, fresh weight of roots system, dry weight of shoots systems, leave area, proline content and cytochrome contents. While the concentration 3.5 ppm of copper was important due to increase the length of vegetative system, fresh weight of vegetative systems, dry weight of root system as significant with control. Chlorophyll a and b were significantly decreased as well as total chlorophyll content compared with the control, Carotenoid, carbohydrates, proline, glutathione, total antioxidants, metallothionien with concentration were also decreased. 4. Preparation of nanparticle copper was at different concentrations caused, different effects according to concentration, observation, the growth indices were stimulated by lower concentration such as % of seed germination, % of speed seed germination, length of both vegetative and roots systems, fresh weight of both vegetative and roots, dry weight of vegetative and roots systems, leave area, contents of each chlorophyll a and b (non significant), total chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, carbohydrate and cytochrome p450, each of these parameters at the concentration (1.5, 0.5) ppm for nanoparticle of copper gave the best results, while they were decreased at the (0.1 , 0.3) ppm concentration , but occur significant as compared with control, it remained better than control although its value decreased. The highest concentration of nanocopper caused significantly increased of proline content, glutathione, total antioxidants metallothionien which gave the best values that similar for control at the concentration 23.5 ppm and these values were decreased with the lowest concentration

تاثير السموم الكبدية الـMicrocystin - LR على الصفات البايوكيميائية والجزيئية في الكارب الاعتيادي والجرذ == The Effects of Hepatotoxic Microcystin - LR on Biochemical and Molecular Characteristics of Cyprinus carpio and Rattus rattus

Author name: ماهر محمـــد خضـــيري الجبــــــوري

Supervisor name: مؤيد جاسم ياس العماري | اياد محمد جبر المعموري

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Pollution

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لدراسة تاثير السموم الكبدية الـMicrocystin - LR على الصفات البايوكميائية والجزيئية في الحيوانات المختاره (الكارب الاعتيادي والجرذ) حيث كان تركيز microcystin - LR المنقى من Anabaena circinalis وOscillatoria splendida 74.832 مايكروغرام / مل61.85 مايكروغرام/ مل على التوالي الذي تم الكشف عنه وجمعه بواسطة الكروماتوكرافية السائلة فائقة الاداء التحضرية بينما كان تركيزه في Westiellopsis prolifica وStigonema sp هو 28.385 مايكروغرام/مل و23.591 مايكروغرام/مل على التوالي. استخدمت تراكيزالــmicrocystin - LR للجرذ واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي عن طريق حقنها تحت الغشاء البريتوني خلال التعرض الحاد الحادة (96 ساعة) , كانت ( 60 , 40 , 20 ) مايكروغرام /200 غرام من زون الجسم , ومن ثم تحديد الجرعة المتوسطة المميتة للجرذ واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي وكانت (52.48 و67.95) مايكروغرام / 200 غرام من وزن الجسم على التوالي . بينما في التعرض المزمن ( 30 يوم ) ،كانت التراكيز المستخدمة هي (3 و6 و9) مايكروغرام/ 200 غرام من زون الجسم. بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية زيادة معنوية في كل المؤشرات البايوكيميائية مع زيادة الجرعة الــMicrocystin - LR في دم وكبد الجرذان واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي خلال التعرض الحادة ، لكن خلال التعرض المزمن ايضا ازدات كل المؤشرات البايوكيميائية زيادة معنوية مع زيادة تركيز الــMicrocystin - LR ، بينما قلت تركيز مضادات الاكسدة الكلية والسايتوكروم P450 والفوسفيتيز القاعدي في الدم والكبد والـGOT في دم الجرذ بشكل معنوي مع زيادة تركيز الجرعة الــmicrocystin - LR بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة ، بينما في اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي ، تركيز فيتامين C والسايتوكروم P450 في الدم والكبد ، والفوسفتيز القاعدي والـGPT في الكبد حيث قل بشكل معنوي مع زيادة تركيز الـmicrocystin - LR بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. بينت ايضا نتائج الدراسة الحالية الحصول على ست انواع من التشوهات الكروموسومية هي الكروموسومات الحلقية والكروماتيد المتكسر وكروموسومات المتقطعة وكروموسومات القلة وثنائية المركز خلال الفترة المزمنة في نخاع العظم للجرذ والكبد الاسماك الكارب الاعتيادي ، فان عدد كل نوع من التشوهات الكرموسومية في الجرذ واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي ازدادت بشكل معنوي مع زيادة تركيز الــmicrocystin - LR ، اظهر التحليل الاحصائي ارتباط معنوي موجب بين التشوهات الكروموسومية والمؤشرات البايوكيميائية ومؤشرات تحطم الـDNA ، اما دليل الانقسام الخلوي ازداد بشكل معنوي مع .زيادة الجرعة في نخاع عظم الجرذ وكبد الكارب الاعتيادي بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة . المؤشرات الجزيئية للــDAN المتحطم كالطول المذنب Comet lengthو طول الذنب Tail length وهجرة الذنب Tail moment في دم وكبد الجرذ واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي ، والتي ازدادت بشكل معنوي مع زيادة جرعة الــmicrocystin - LR ، ايضا اظهرت النتائج ارتباط معنوي موجب مع المؤشرات البايوكيميائية والتشوهات الكرموسومية ، ايضا بينت الدراسة الحالية بان تحطم الـDNA في الكبد اكثر مما في الدم . | The presents study was designed to study the effects of hepatotoxic microcystin - LR on biochemical and molecular characteristic of selected animals (Cyprinus carpio and Rattus rattus) Whereas the concentration of microcystin - LR obtained from Anabaena circinalis and Oscillatoria splendida that purification and collection by utilizing preparative high performance liquid chromatography was 74.832 µg/ml and 61.85 µg/ml respectively. While its concentration in Westiellopsis prolifica and Stigonema sp was 28.385 µg/ml and 23.591 µg/ml respectively The concentrations of toxin that used for rats (Rattus rattus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) via intraperitoneally injection during acute period (96 h) was (20, 40, 60) µg/200g body weight and then determination of median lethal dose for rats and C. carpio was (52.48, 67.95) µg/200g body weight respectively, While in chronic period (30 days), the concentrations used for above animals was (3, 6, 9) µg/200g body weight . The results of presents study was showed all biochemical markers significantly increased with increasing dose of microcystin - LR in blood and liver of rats and C.carpio during acute period, but in chronic period also all biochemical markers in blood and liver of rats and C.carpio have been significantly increased with increasing concentration of microcystin - LR, Whereas the total antioxidant concentration, Cytochrome P450 and Alkaline phosphatase in blood and liver, and GOT in blood of rats were significantly decreased with increasing concentration of dose of microcystin - LR as compared with control groups, While in C. carpio, the concentration of vitamin C and Cytochrome P450 in blood and liver, and Alkaline phosphatase and GPT in liver were significantly decreased with elevated concentration of microcystin - LR as compared with control groups. The presents study was shown six type of chromosome aberration which are ring chromosomes, chromatid break, fragmented chromosomes, aneuploidy and dicentric chromosomes that are obtained during chronic exposure period in bone marrow of rats and liver of C. carpio, the number of each type of chromosome aberration in rat and C .carpio have been significantly increased with increasing microcystin - LR concentration, the statistical analysis appeared positive significant correlation between chromosome aberration, biochemical markers and marker of DNA damage. The mitotic index was significantly increased with increasing microcystin - LR concentration in bone marrow of rats and in liver of C .carpio as compared with control groups. The molecular makers of DNA damage such as comet length, tail length and tail moment in blood and liver of rats and C .carpio were significantly increased with increasing concentration of microcystin - LR, also appearance of results positive significant correlation with biochemical markers and chromosome aberration and also presents results shown the DNA damage in liver more than in blood.

استخدام دقائق الفضة النانوية المنتجة من بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية Pseudomonas aeruginosa كنظام لتسليم الممنع == Silver nanoparticles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an immunogen delivery system

Author name: احمد جمال حسين السرحان

Supervisor name: فريال جميل عبد عطية

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: في هذه الدراسة تم جمع 155 عينة شملت العينات السريرية والعينات البيئية من مستشفى الحلة التعليمي . بلغ عدد العينات السريرية 58 عينة عزلت من المرضى الذين يعانون من اصابات الحروق والتهاب المجاري البولية وتجرثم الدم وجمعت العينات البيئية 97 عينة من الاسرة والمطهرات وغرف المرضى في مستشفى الحلة التعليمي من اذار 2016 الى ايار 2016 . شخصت العزلات بالاعتماد على الاختبارات المزرعية والكيموحيوية باستخدام نظام Api 20E فضلا عن تاكيد تشخيصها بوساطة جهاز VITEK 2 . ومن مجموع 155 عينة كانت 30 عزلة عائدة لبكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa بنسبة 19.35% . تم التصنيع الخضري لدقائق الفضة النانوية (AgNPs) باستخدام عالق بكتريا P. aeruginosa . كما تمت دراسة صفات دقائق الفضة النانوية باستخدام الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية الطيفي وحيود الاشعة السينية (XRD) وتشتت طاقة الاشعة السينية (EDX) والاشعة تحت الحمراء الطيفي ( FTIR ) والمجهر الالكتروني الماسح (SEM) . اظهر التحري الجزيئي للسموم الخارجية للبكتريا بوساطة تقنية تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل وباستعمال بادئات متخصصة للجينات ( EXO A , EXO T and EXO S )امتلاك جميع العزلات جين للسم الخارجي A والسم الخارجي T بينما اظهرت 22 عزلة نتيجة موجبة للسم الخارجي S. هذه النتائج اشارت الى ان وجود جينات السموم الخارجية هي عوامل ضراوة بارزة لعزلات P. aeruginosa . وتم انتاج السم الخارجي A من بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa في وسط مرق الصويا المديلز وتنقيته باستخدام نسبة اشباع 85٪ من كبريتات الامونيوم ثم بواسطة عمود كروماتوغرافيا السائلة عالية الاداء لانتاج سم عالي النقاوة بعد ذلك تم تحديد الوزن الجزيئي للسم المنقى ليكون 71 كيلو دالتون . تضمنت الدراسة المناعية دراسة الخصائص المستضدية للسم المضعف ودقائق الفضة النانوية والمستضد المختلط المكون من التوكسويد ودقائق الفضة النانوية ثم التحري عن الدورالمناعي لدقائق الفضة النانوية كنظام اعطاء .اذ تمت باستخدام20 ارنب قسمت الى اربعة مجاميع كل مجموعة تضمنت 5 ارانب ,حيث حقنت المجموعة الاولى بالتوكسويد فقط اما المجموعة الثانية فقد حقنت بدقائق الفضة النانوية فقط والمجموعة الثالثة فقد حقنت بالمستضد المختلط ,اما المجموعة الرابعة فحقنت بالمحلول الملحي الفسلجي واعتبرت كسيطرة, وبعد انتهاء مده التمنيع تم التحري عن بعض المعايير المناعية . اظهرت نتائج جميع الفحوصات المناعية المستخدمة في هذه الدراسة ان كل من للسم المضعف ودقائق الفضة النانوية والمستضد المختلط قد اعطت زيادة معنوية بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة وعلى مستوى احتمالية P<0.05 .فقد اظهرت نتائج اختبار اختزال الصبغة ( NBT ) التي تم الحصول عليها لهذه المستضدات الثلاثة في هذا الاختبار بمعدل(66.8%, 60.6% 73.6% ) على التوالي بينما مجموعة السيطرة بمعدل(46.8%) . وتم استخدام اختبار الجلد حيث اظهرت النتائج ان هذه المستضدات الثلاثة اثرت في تفاعل الحساسية sensitivity للارانب وقد ادت المستضدات المحقونة الى زيادة معنويه في قطر الانتفاخ بعد 4),24,48,(72 ساعة مقارنة مع مجموعه السيطرة على مستوى احتمالية P<0.05. وتم استخدام اختبار معامل الانقسام ايضا والنتائج التي تم الحصول عليها بمعدل(26.96%, 22.8%, 32.11%) على التوالي بينما مجموعة السيطرة بمعدل(13.33%). بالاضافة الى ذلك فقد تم استخدام طريقة الانتشار المناعي لتقدير مستوى الانتشار المناعي للكلوبيولينات المناعية في المصل, واظهرت النتائج بان مستوى الكلوبيولينات المناعية بمعدل (17, 19.8 و19.4 ( ملم على التوالي بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة عند P <0.05. وايضا تم استخدام تقنية الامتزاز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم (ELISA) لتقدير تركيز عناقيد التمايز في المصل CD4 وCD8, وقد كان تركيزCD4 بمعدل (47.49 , 43.82 و63.61 ) نانوغرام/مل على التوالي بينما مجموعة السيطرة بمعدل(26.59) نانوغرام/مل في حين تركيزCD8 بمعدل (2.79 , 3.21و 6.08) نانوغرام\مل بينما مجموعة السيطرة بمعدل (1.6) نانوغرام/مل . وقد اظهرت الدراسة النسيجية بان ليس هنالك افات مرضية في مجاميع الارانب الممنعة بانواع مختلفة من المستضدات . حيث اظهر الكبد ارتشاح للخلايا الالتهابية في المنطقة البوابية والتهاب نقطي في الفصيصات الكبدية في مجموعة السم المضعف ومجموعة المستضد المختلط بينما اظهرت مجموعة دقائق الفضة النانوية ارتشاح للخلايا الالتهابية في المنطقة البوابية فقط . كما اظهر الطحال فرط تنسج للمفاويات في منطقة اللب الابيض لمجاميع الارانب الممنعة . | The study included (155) samples which collected from both clinical and hospital environmental samples. Fifty eight specimens were collected from patients suffering from wounds , urinary tract infections and bacteremia. Ninety seven hospital environmental samples were collected from beds , disinfectants and patient’s rooms at Al - Hilla Teaching Hospital from March 2016 to May 2016. The isolates were identified according to cultural , biochemical test using Api 20 E system and confirmed by VITEK 2 system compact. The results showed that 30/155 (19.35%) gave positive culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using P. aeruginosa suspension . The characterization of silver nanoparticles was carried out using UV - Visible spectroscopy, X Ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X - ray Crystallography (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Genotypic detection of P. aeruginosa exotoxins by polymerase chain reaction was done by using specific primers for exotoxin A, exotoxin T and exotoxin S . All isolates were positive to exotoxin A and exotoxin T whereas (22) isolates gave positive result for exotoxin S gene. These results indicated that the presence of exotoxins genes were prominent virulence factors for P.aeruginosa isolates. Exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has produced in tryptic soy broth dialysate and purified using 85% saturation of ammonium sulphate then by HPLC column to yield highly purified toxin then molecular weight of purified toxin has determined to be 71 KD . The immunological study involved studying the antigenicity properties of the toxoid alone , AgNPs alone and mix antigen then investigating the immunological role of AgNPs as delivery system. It was done by using 20 males New Zealand rabbits and divided into four groups, the first group was immunized with toxoid alone, the second group was immunized with AgNPs alone , the third group was immunized with mix antigen , while the fourth group considered as control group and immunized with normal saline, after the immunization period, some immunological parameters were investigated. In all immunological tests of this study the results revealed that toxoid alone , AgNPs alone and mix antigen were given significantly increased in comparison with control group at P<0.05 . For NBT test , the result that was obtained for these three types of antigens with mean value (66.8%, 60.6% and 73.6%) respectively ,while the control group with mean value (46.8%) . The results of skin test showed these three types of antigens induce the hypersensitivity of the rabbits and the induration diameter of these three types antigen after 4, 24, 48 and 72 hrs. was significantly higher than control at P<0.05. Also , mitotic index test also was used , the result that was obtained for these three types of antigens with mean value (26.96%, 22.8% and 32.11%) respectively ,while the control group with mean value (13.33%) . In addition, the radial immunodiffusion (RID) method was used to detect the immunodiffusion level of the immunoglobulins in serum samples, the results showed that the immunodiffusion level of immunoglobulins with mean values (17, 19.8 and 19.4) mm respectively, in comparison with control group at P<0.05 . The concentration level of the CD4 and CD8 in the serum samples was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the concentration level of CD4 molecule with mean values (47.49, 43.82 and 63.61) ng/ml respectively while the control group with mean value (26.59) ng/ml. And the CD8 molecule with mean values (2.79, 3.21 and 6.08) ng/ml respectively, while the control group with mean value (1.6) ng/ml . Histopathological study showed that there were no pathological lesions in rabbits groups immunized with different types of antigens . The liver showed inflammatory cells infiltration in the portal area and spotty lobular inflammation in toxoid alone and mix antigen groups whereas in AgNPs alone group showed only inflammatory cells infiltration in the portal area . The spleen showed reactive germinal center in white pulp for toxoid alone , AgNPs alone and mix antigen groups

تاثير عنصر النيكل في الحالة الغذائية لبذور وبادرات نبات الخيار اثناء عملية التشرب == The effect of nickel on nutritional status of cucumber seed and seedling during the imbibition

Author name: مروة خالد رزاق

Supervisor name: رحاب عيدان كاظم

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى بيان تاثير كلوريد النيكل والمستخلص النباتي (قشور الرمان) على الحالة الغذائية لبذور وبادرات نبات الخيار حيث اجريت تجربة التشرب وتم حساب بعض القياسات المورفولوجية وتقدير بعض المؤشرات الكيموحيوية والجزيئية لبذور الخيار Cucumis sativus L. صنفBETH ALPHAF1 (اردني). نقعت البذور لمده 27 ساعة بتراكيز مختلفة من محلول كلوريد النيكل ( 1*10 - 5و 5*10 - 5 و1*10 - 4و 2*10 - 4 و4*10 - 4 و8*10 - 4 و1*10 - 3 و0.1 ) مولاري, فضلا عن عينة السيطرة (ماء مقطر)، وبثلاثة مكررات لكل معاملة, سجل الوزن الطري للبذور وبمعدل 3 قراءات لكل 3 ساعة والقراءة الرابعة (الاخيرة) تمت بعد 27 ساعة (قبل ظهور الجذير) ولوحظ زيادة الوزن الطري مع زيادة المدة الزمنية (القراءة الرابعة هي الافضل) اذ كانت 7.388غم . كما كان التركيز 5*10 - 5مولاري الافضل في زيادة الوزن الطري مقارنة مع السيطرة اذ بلغ الوزن 6.902غم, وفي حالة التداخل فان القراءة الرابعة مع التركيز 1*10 - 3 مولاري هي اعلى قيمة للوزن الطري اذ بلغ 7.62غم, القراءة الرابعة مع التركيز 0.1 مولاري سبب انخفاض في الوزن الطري بلغ 6.63غم مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة للماء المقطر وللقراءة نفسها. اعيدت التجربة التشرب بتحضير تراكيز النيكل المذكورة سابقا مع المستخلص النباتي (قشور الرمان مستخلص مائي حار تركيزه 1%)، وسجل الوزن الطري مع التركيز, وكان التركيز الافضل في زيادة الوزن الطري للبذرة هو 8*10 - 4 مولاري (7.87غرام) وافضل قراءة كانت الرابعة 6.78 غم، وفي حالة التداخل فكان الوزن الطري الاعلى هو 7.81 غرام عند التركيز 8*10 - 4 مولاري وعند القراءة الرابعة. اخذت القياسات المورفولوجية المتمثلة بالنسبة المئوية للانبات ولمعامل سرعة الانبات للبذور المتشربة لمدة 27 ساعة (20 بذرة في 20 مل ماء مقطر / طبق بتري) وكان اعلاها قيمة عند التركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري اذ كان 95%, %45 واقلها في التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ كانت %50, %25 لتجربة تراكيز النيكل بالماء المقطر وتم قياس طول والوزنين الجاف والطري للمجموع الجذري والخضري والمساحة الورقية، ولوحظ زيادة معنوية في اغلبها بالتراكيز الواطئة اذ كانت اعلاها في التركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري اذ كانت النتائج كالتالي(14.9سم, 5.8سم,10.9 ملغم , 71.3ملغم, 111 ملغم , 265 ملغم, 2.5سم2)لمحلول كلوريد النيكل وتناقصت معنويا مع زيادة التركيز اذ ان التركيز 0.1 مولاري كانت نتائجه سلبية وكانت كالتالي (1.3سم , 0, 1.1 ملغم , 0, 61ملغم, 0, 0 )عند المقارنة مع عينة السيطرة. وفي حالة القياسات المورفولوجية لبذور الخيار المتشربة والمزروعة بطبق بتري فان المستخلص النباتي خفف تاثير النسبة المئوية للانبات ولمعامل سرعة الانبات عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري لكلوريد النيكل المحضر بالمستخلص النباتي(قشور الرمان) (76.67و 33.07%) مقارنة مع كلوريد النيكل المحضر بالماء المقطر (50، %25)على التوالي. محتوى الكاربوهيدرات الكلية ازداد معنويا بالتراكيز الواطئة وكان اعلاها عند التركيز1*10 - 5 مولاري اذ بلغ 748 ملغم/غم واقلها عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ بلغ 210 ملغم/غم ، وكان الانخفاض متدرج في محتوى الكاربوهيدرات الكلية مع زيادة التركيز ايضا, كما انخفض محتوى البروتين مع زيادة التركيز اذ بلغ 28.9 ملغم/غم في التركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري ، وكان اقله في التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ بلغ 15.5ملغم/غم وقد زاد محتوى الكلوتاثيون مع زيادة التركيز فكان اعلاه عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ بلغ 26.8 مايكروغرام/غم وكذلك سبب كلوريد النيكل زيادة في محتوى النيكل والبوتاسيوم في لب البذور واغلفتها وكانت هذه زيادة تدريجية مع زيادة التركيز حيث بلغ التركيز1*10 - 5 مولاري في غلاف البذور 18.2مايكروغرام/غم اما في اللب فقد كان 16.1 مايكروغرام/غم اما عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري فقد ارتفع تركيز النيكل اذ بلغ في غلاف البذور 32.1مايكروغرام/غم وفي اللب 27.1 مايكروغرام/غم اما بالنسبة للبوتاسيوم فقد بلغ محتواه في غلاف البذور بالتركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري 458.00 مايكروغم/غم وفي اللب 558.00 مايكروغرام/غم اما بالتركيز 0.1مولاري فقد كان محتوى البوتاسيوم في غلف البذرة 1175.00مايكروغم/غم وفي اللب 2158.33 مايكروغم/غم, وقد انخفض محتوى الصوديوم في البذور واغلفتها مع زيادة التركيز اذا بلغ محتوى الصوديوم في غلاف البذرة في التركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري 19.5 مايكروغم/غم اما في اللب فقد بلغ 12.1 مايكروغم/غم اما التركيز 0.1 مولاري فقد كان محتوى الصوديوم في اغلفة البذور 9.1 مايكروغم/غم اما اللب فقد كان 3 مايكروغم/غم تم تقدير تركيز الهرمونات في البذور المتشربة ولوحظ زيادة تركيز الاوكسين والزياتين في التراكيز 1*10 - 5 - 1*10 - 4 مولاري للاوكسين كانت ( 24*10 - 5 - 18*10 - 5ملي مولار) وبالنسبة للزياتين فان التراكيز(1*10 - 5 - 4*10 - 4) مولاري كانت (110*10 - 5 - 204*10 - 5 ملي مولار) وانخفضت قيم كلا الهرمونين بالتراكيز الاعلى الى التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ بلغ 5*10 - 5 بالنسبة للاوكسين و63*10 - 5 بالنسبة للزياتين, والذي اعطى اقل قيمة. بدا تركيز هرمون الجبرلين بالتناقص تدريجيا مع زيادة التركيز حيث بلغ 44*10 - 3 ملي مولار بالتركيز 0.1 مولاري , في حين ازداد حامض الابسيسك مع زيادة التركيز وصولا الى اعلاه عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري5 23420*10 - ملي مولاري. ان فعالية انزيم الفاامايليز والبروتيز انخفضا تدريجيا مع زيادة التركيز حيث بلغ انزيم الفاامايليز في التركيز 0.1 مولاري 6 ملغم/دقيقة اما انزيم البروتيز فقد بلغ 7.7 وحدة/ مل في حين ان انزيم اليوريز ارتفع معنوياعند المقارنة مع عينة السيطرة عند التراكيز العالية وكان اقلها عند التركيز0.1 مولاري حيث بلغ 21.97 وحدة/مل يزداد تراكم الالنتوين مع زيادة تركيز العناصر الثقيلة الى ان يصل الى حد معين في التركيز 4*10 - 4 مولاري اذ يبلغ محتوى الالنتوين 598مايكروغم/غم ثم يبدا بالانخفاض الى ان يصل الى اقل محتوى في التركيز 0.1مولاري اذ بلغ 207مايكروغموعلى المستوى الجزيئي, فان المؤشرات المدروسة لاختبار الذنب (comet) مثل طول الذنب (comet length) حيث بلغ في التركيز1*10 - 5 مولاري 22 مايكروميتر وبدا بالارتفاع مع زيادة تركيز كلوريد النيكل اذ ب التركيز 0.1مولاري بلغ 169 مايكروميتر اما ارتفاع الذنب (comet high) فقد ارتفع الى 77.8 في التركيز 0.1 مولاري والمعدل الكلي للاجزاء المقطوعة التي تتجمع فيه قطع DNA comet moment)) قد تاثرت بالتراكيز المختلفة لكلوريد النيكل وسببت التراكيز العالية منه ارتفاع في قيم هذه المؤشرات الخاصة بتحطيم DNA اذ وصل الى 3.822 مايكروميتر في التركيز 0.1 مولاري | The study aimed to demonstrate the effect of nickel chloride and plant extract (pomegranate) on the nutritional status of seeds and cucumber seedlings In laboratory, Imbibition in some physiological, biological and molecular experiment conducted for seeds of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)class BETH ALPHA F1 Jordon. The seeds soaked for 27 hour with different concentrations of Nickel (1*10 - 5 , 5*10 - 5 , 1*10 - 4, 2*10 - 4 , 4*10 - 4 , 8*10 - 4 و1*10 - 3 , 0.1 ) chloride In addition to control (distilled water). In imbibition experiment, recorded 3 fresh weight at different time (soaking every 3 hour) at the last fresh weight were the forth at 27 h.(before emergence the radical). There were increasing in fresh weight with increasing in time of soaking ,the best period is the fourth 7.388 g at the best concentration was 5*10 - 5 M give significant increasing in fresh weight 6.902 g , in interaction between soaking time and concentration, the best were at the forth and concentration 1*10 - 3 M 6.63g The imbibition experiment is repeated with different concentration of Nickel chloride prepared in plant extract pomegranate peel 1% hot extract. The concentration 8*10 - 4 M was increase the seeds fresh weight 7.87g while the best soaking time was the fourth 6.87g. In interaction between the soaking time and concentration, the best was at the forth and at concentration8*10 - 4M 7.81g After 27 hr ,(20 seed in 20 ml d.w/pettri dish),germination percentage and coefficient velocity percentage of germination were indicated the highest value was at 1*10 - 5 M was 95%, 45% the lowest was at 0.1 M was 50%,25% for each imbibed seeds in experiments (Nickle chloride with d.w) Almost low concentration of nickel chloride caused increasing in length of root and shoot ,fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, and increasing the leaf area too at 1*10 - 5 the result was 14.9cm,5.8cm, 10.9mg, 71.3 mg,111mg,265mg, 2.5 cm2 while the high concentration caused decreasing in all these parameters compared with control as 0.1M the result was (1.3cm,0,1.1mg ,0,61 mg ,0, 0) The concentration of nickel chloride which prepared with pomegranate peel extract showed declining in almost physiological parameters but it alleviate the toxicity concentration (0.1) M by increasing the percentage of germinated in control with nickel chloride prepared by d.w. Total carbohydrate content was significantly increased with low concentration and it was the highest in the 1 * 10 - 5 M of Nicl2 748 mg/g and the The decline was graded with increased of concentration at 0.1M was 210mg/g Protein content decreased with increasing of concentration at 1*10 - 5 M was 28.9 mg/g and in the 0.1 M was 15.5 mg/g while glutation content was increased with increase of concentration of Nicl2 at 0.1M was 26.8 mg/g, Nicl2 caused increasing in nickel and potassium in both seed and coat and these increasing was graded with increased of concentration in coat at 1*10 - 5M was 18.2 µm/g and seed was 16.1 µm/g at 0.1M concentration of nickel in coat was 32.1µm/g and in the seed 27.1µm/g , While sodium content in the coat at 1*10 - 5M 458.00 µm/g and in seed 558.00 µm/g while at 0.1M in coat was 1175.00 µg/g and seed was 2158.33 µm/g. The sodium content in the seeds and their coats decreased with increasing concentration of nickel chloride, the sodium content in the coat at 1*10 - 5 M was 19.5 μ g / g and in seed was 12.1 µg/g while at concentration 0.1M in coat was 9.1 µm/g and seed 3µg/g It has been estimating the concentration of hormones in seeds was observed to increase the concentration of auxin and zeatin in low concentration (1*10 - 4 - 1*10 - 5) M for auxin was (24*10 - 5 - 204*10 - 5 mM) The values of both hormones were reduced by higher concentrations to a concentration of 0.1 M was 5*10 - 5 M for auxin and 63*10 - 5M for zeatin .GA3 It began gradually decreasing with high concentration at 0.1M was 44*10 - 5 mM while ABA was increased with increased of Nicl2 Until it reached above 23420*10 - 5mM in0.1 M The effectiveness of the enzyme Alfaamayles and Protease gradually decreased with the increase of concentration where the enzyme Alfamaylese in the concentration of 0.1 M was 6 mg / min either the enzyme protease was 7.7 units / ml, While the urease enzyme was significantly increased in comparison with the control sample at high concentrations. at the concentration 0.1 M was 21.97 units / mL The accumulation of alantoin increases with the increasw concentration of heavy metals until it reaches a certain concentration of 4 * 10 - 4 M, the content of alantoin was 598 µm/g and then starts to decrease until it reaches the lowest content in the concentration of 0.1 M, which reached 207 µm/gAt the molecular level increased in the some parameters such as comet length at 1*10 - 5 M was 22 µM and at 1*10 - 5 M was 169 µM and comet high was increase to 77.8 µM at 0.1 M and comet moment increase with increasing of concentration of Nicl2 compared with D.W was reached to 3.822 µM at 0.1 M

Author name: اميرة ابراهيم عبد الزهرة

Supervisor name: سعدون ابراهيم اسماعيل

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Life Science

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دراسة فسلجية وكيموحيوية ونسيجية لمرضى ابيضاض الدم اللمفاوي الحاد غير الوراثي في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة

Author name: همام علي هادي

Supervisor name: ستار جاسم حتروش | رشا حسن جاسم

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Aphysiological-Biochemical-and-Histological-Study-to-Non-%E2%80%93-Genetic-Acute-Lymphocytic-Leukemia-for-Patients-in-Karbala-City.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: The rate of cancer infection has increased with a clear rise in the incidence of leukemia in Iraq's common diseases in 2017, which was the seventh place in 1989, as follows. Generally, about 10 among 100,000 people are infected with leukemia, male have the biggest ratio between the patients with leukemia, finally, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is increased at patients with 3 to 7 years old. During the period from the beginning of February 2016 to the first week of 2017 in the Center of Oncology of Hematology in the medical city of Hussein in Karbala', 30 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia their age were ranged from 2 - 13 years old (19 male and 11 female), without familiar history with cancerous disease. The samples were collected before treatment with chemotherapy, and they were follow - up during the stages of treatment. The control group included 30 samples ranging from 1 - 13 years (18 males and 12 females) Numerous biochemical and histological parameters were assessed in the samples of study patients before and after receiving treatment and the recorded results were compared to the control group. The results of the study showed significant results (p<0.05) at the levels of CLEC4E, MDA, Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Concentration and EOP in the group of animals with acute lymphocytic leukemia before receiving treatment compared to healthy individuals. The current study showed decreased concentrations of CLEC4E, Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Concentration, Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Concentration and Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Activity, while EOP levels increased after chemotherapy, while MDA remained at an unrecognized level at diagnosis. The study showed significant differences (p=0.000) when elevating a number of blood parameters, WBC level and Ferritin concentration. When the stud recorded statistically significant rise in the level of platelets and Hb concentration before chemotherapy. At diagnosis, the present study showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni levels in the patients group, before treatment. However, statistical analysis of trace elements in the sera of patients after treatment didn’t show significant differ than their levels at diagnosis. The study the effect of acute lymphocytic leukemia in the function of kidney showed significant increase in the levels of ANP and Urea in sera of patient samples as well as levels of urinary microalbumin comparison to control group levels, contrast to that, Creatinin levels showed significant (p=0.001) decrease in serum of patients group. Comparative study showed that there were statistically significant differences (p=0.000) of ANP, Urea, Creatinin, Uric Acid, and Microalbumin in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia after receiving chemotherapy compared to healthy peers.In order to evaluate liver function, GOT and GPT levels as well as STP levels in patients with leukemia were observed within the range recorded in healthy individuals. On the other hand, the current study showed a rise in the levels of ALP enzyme in patients exceeded twice that recorded in the group of healthy children. After receiving chemotherapy, the study showed a significant increase (p=0.000) for GOT, GPT and ALP levels for the group of patients compared to healthy individuals, a significant decrease (p=0.000) of STP levels in the group of patients compared to healthy patients. The study identified many differences between patients and healthy males as well as between infected and healthy females at the level of implicit comparisons between the two groups at diagnosis and after treatment, as shown in the table below which summarizes the relationship between patients of both ganders with their healthy peers. The current study showed statistically significant statistically associations, the clearest among them was recorded when CLEC4E correlated to EOP, which were positive in 100% of the study samples at diagnosis and negative in the same samples after receiving chemotherapy. The results of the study showed that 80% of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia were with type 1, L1, 17% of type 2, L2 and 3% of the third type L3, the promise of the first type has a good outcome of the disease as the response is good for treatment and go through recovery after treatment.

دراسة بعض المعايير الفسلجية والكيموحيوية لمرضى الهيموفيليا A وفون ويليبراند في محافظة واسط == Study of some physiological and biochemical Parameters of Hemophilia A and Von Willebrand patients in Wasit Province

Author name: شهد قاسم محمد الحمداني

Supervisor name: كاظم جهيد كاطع الطائي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

Language: Arabic

First pages:

Abstract: Hemophilia A and Von Willebrand are genetic diseases caused by deficiency or malfunction in one of coagulation factors. Hemophilia is caused by the absence of factor VIII (F.VIII),and Von Willebrand is caused by a deficiency or defect of Von Willebrand factor (VWF),Carried out at Department of Biology - College of Science/University of Wasit in cooperation with Al - Karama and Al - Zahra teaching Hospitals affiliated to Wasit Health Department and some private clinics. This study includes 50 patients of both diseases, (35) Hemophilia type A from males aged between (1 - 28) years and (15) Von Willebrand patients from both sexes, (6) males and (9) females aged between (1 - 17)years were compassion with the group of healthy people which includes 25 people (13) male and (12) female aged between 1 - 28 years. Samples were collected from November 2016 to April 2017. Five (ml) of vein blood were taken and divided into two groups : The first group 1 (ml) of blood is placed in EDTA K3 tube for hematological tests,which includes Hemoglobin (Hb),Packed Cell Volume (PCV),Red Blood Cell (RBCs), Platelets (PLT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). The second groups (4ml) of blood in the gel and clot activator tubes for biochemical tests, which includes liver enzymes Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) as well as measurement the Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) and Albumin, kidney function standards that include both Blood Urea and Creatinine, electrolyte standards that includes Potassium (K), Sodium (Na) And Calcium (Ca) as well as hepatitis virus B and C diagnosis. The data were taken for both patients and healthy, and both is divided into two groups, Hemophilia type A depending on ages (1 - 14 and 15 - 28 years) and Von Willebrand depending on sex (males and females) for all the studied criteria, it has been found the following resultssummary Hemophilia Disease The Results show significant decrease in (P<0.05) in the values of Hemophilia type A in the first group (1 - 14 years) Comparison to the second category (15 - 28) years to each of Hb, PCV, RBCs, MCH. with a significant increase (P<0.05) in PLT to first group more than second group , while was not significant differences (P>0.05) between both groups to each of MCHC, MCV. The Results show significant decrease (P<0.05) to Hemophilia type A to first group compared with second group in the level of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP and TSB).While a significant increase (P<0.05) value to patients with each of albumin, creatinine and blood urea in the first group and second group. The Results show a significant increase in (P<0.05) in the level of calcium and sodium ions in Hemophilia type A first group compared with second group while didn’t a significant difference in level of potassium between both groups. Von Willebrand Disease The Result showed significant differences (P<0.05) in Platelet to patients with von Willebrand increased in male and decrease in female while didn’t a significant differences between male and female in each of (Hb, PCV, RBCs, MCV, MCH, MCHC). The Results show significant differences (P<0.05) between male and female to each of AST, ALP and blood urea while didn’t a significant differences between both sexes to each of ALT, albumin ,creatinine, level of total bilirubin TSB in blood serum. The present study show he significant differed between the males and females to each of Na, Ca, K.summary Hemophilia and Von Willebrand The Results show significant difference (P<0.05) between patients with Hemophilia A and Von Willebrand in each of (Hb, PCV). The Result show significant (P<0.05) between Hemophilia A and Von Willebrand in the level of ALT. The Results show he significant difference (P<0.05) between Hemophilia A and von Willebrand to each of Ca, K and Na. Hemophilia and Von Willebrand With control. The Results show significant decrease (P<0.05) in the value of (Hb, PCV, MCH, MCHC) to each of Hemophilia A and Von Willebrand compared with control. The Results show significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of Platelet to each of Hemophilia and Von Willebrand with control. The results show significant increase (P<0.05) in value of (AST, ALP, ALT, TSB) in Von Willebrand compared with control. As well as appeared presence of increase (P<0.05) For all standards above in hemophilia except standard ALT The Result showed significant decreased (P<0.05) in the value blood urea in Hemophilia and von Willebrand with control. The Result show decrease (P<0.05) in the level of Ca in the blood serum to each of Hemophilia and Von Willebrand with control. HBV and HCV The result show increase the percentage infection of Hepatitis with C and B with Hemophilia, Von Willebrand, and the percentage infection of hemophilia which is infected by hepatitis in first group is (45.5%) while the second group (46.15%). The percentage infection of patient with Von Willebrand which is infected with hepatitis (60%) to males and females while the percentage infection to patient with hepatitis (45.71%, 60%) to each of Hemophilia and VonWillebrand respectively

تاثير عقار الديكساميثازون في غرس الكيس الارومي وغضروف وعظم الجنين وبعض المعايير الكيموحيوية في مصل دم الجرذان الحوامل == Effect of Dexamethasone on blastocyst implantation, Cartilage ,bone embryo and some serum biochemical parameters in pregnant rats

Author name: علاء حسين مهدي الصافي

Supervisor name: اكرم يوسف ياسر

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Effect-of-Dexamethasone-on-blastocyst-implantation-Cartilage-bone-embryo-and-some-serum-biochemical-parameters-in-pregnant-rats-.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: Dexamethasone (DX) is considered one of the steroidal drugs which have varieties of clinical application in medicine for treatment of many different cases. The present study was aimed to know the effect of DX on the implantation of blastocyst during the days 7 and ten of pregnancy, and the process of development of cartilage and bones in the fetuses of albino rats during the days 15 and 20 of pregnancy. In addition to that some physiological parameters aimed to be elucidated in the pregnant rats. The study was conducted in the department of Biology \College of Education for Pure Sciences/ University of Karbala in the period of April, 2016 to May 2017. Ninety four albino rats have been used, among them 10 male rats were used for matting with 84 female rats .The females were divided into three groups, with 28 rats for each group . The first control group was injected with physiological normal saline (0.9%) intraperitoneally. The other two groups were received daily injection via the same route with 0.2 and 0.4 of DX \ 250 gm. of body weight respectively. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups with seven pregnant female rats for each one. The pregnant rats of each subgroup were sacrificed on the following days : 7,10,15, and 20 respectively The subgroups of the latter two days were used to study the development of the cartilage and bones. Half of the embryos on day 20 of pregnancy from the control and treated groups were used for histological sectioning; while the other half were used to stain the embryonic skeleton according to double staining technique of Whitaker and Dix . All the collected samples which include the implantation sites from the pregnant uteri at days 7 and 10, together with whole embryos from days 15 and 20 of pregnancy, were put in two types of fixatives : 10% formalin and Boun's solution. The collected samples then processed according to the traditional methods of paraffin embedding to be cut into sections of five µm thicknesses. The sections were stained by haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E); one step trichrome; periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) with and without diastase; Alcian blue at pH 1.0 and 2.5. Blood samples from pregnant rats were collected on days 7,10,15,and 20 of pregnancy to check for the following biochemical parameters : concentration of calcium ,phosphate and potassium ions ;alkaline phosphatase ,and acid phosphatase enzymes; and estimation of parathyroid and calcitonin hormones. The results of the H&E stained section of pregnant sites of both the control and treated groups have shown that blastocyst was implanted in the antimesometrial side of the uterus. Most of this side of the uterus has become decidualized tissue, where four zones could be identified : the primary decidual zone; secondary decidual zone ;implantation site; and undifferentiated decidual basal zone. On day 10 of pregnancy the embryos have shifted their position from the antimesometrial side to the mesometrial side of the uterus. The decidual tissue has grown wider and included most of stromal cells of the endometrium. The changing of the position of the embryos at day 10 is important for their survival because they will become nearer to the main blood supply to uterus which are running in the mesometrium. The results of the one step trichrome stained sections from both the control and treated groups have shown clear distribution of collagen fibers in the decidual tissues at days 7 and 10 of pregnancy, which gave an indication of the success of pregnancy up to these stages. The primary decidual zone was devoid of collagen fibers but they are evident in the secondary decidual zone. At day 10 of pregnancy the collagen fibers were more in evidence especially at the mesometrial side of the uterus. The importance of collagen fibers was to give support to the blood vessels supplying the placenta which are coursing through the mesometrium. Positive stain has been revealed in PAS reaction in decidual tissue on day seven of pregnancy without diastase, but it was negative with diastase. No reaction ,in the decidual tissue, with and without diastase was noticed at day ten of pregnancy. With Alcian blue pH 1.0 no reaction was noticed in the decidual tissue of both control and treated groups at days seven and ten of pregnancy. On the other hand positive reaction has come out at pH 2.5. The reaction at that pH was more prominent at the antimesometrial decidual tissue. But it was only depicted in the wall of blood sinusoid of the mesometrial decidual tissue. Tongue like extensions of trophoblasts was noticed to be extending from the recently implanted embryo toward the endometrium, at day seven of pregnancy of both the control and treated group. The trophoblasts were pushing themselves in the direction of mesometrial decidual tissue in order to reach and settle nearer and in the wall of the blood sinusoids of that area. The invasion trophoblasts destination was to reach to the spiral arteries supplying the labyrinthine placenta in the rats. At the 15th day of gestation there was no significant change in the cartilage model in the posterior limbs of the two treatment groups from the control group. The important signal indicated by the present study was observation of cartilaginous cell necrosis, hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, At the age of near the end of pregnancy in the treatment groups, many of the effects on the bone tissue, which are the existence of a vacuum around the bone cells and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in addition to bone erosion and arthritis and the reduction of cartilage and irregularity of medicine Surface area, hyperlipidemias and leavicular necrosis. Bone marrow squeaks in the control group and the first dose group of dexamethasone were found to be more extensive than the second treatment group. The bones of control group embryos stained with alizarin red has acquired much more red coloration than the treated group embryos, which indicated a slowdown of ossification in their bones compared with control group, Showed that the length of the skull, spine, forelimbs and hind limbs of the fetal fetus at the age of 20 days of gestation of from the treatment groups has decreased for length in the control group but the decline was not significantly level (P <0.05) . The calcium, phosphate and potassium ions concentration was low in the blood serum of treated group ( P< 0.05) during the whole period studied. However the phosphate ions was low in the control group .For the alkaline phosphatase level, it was significantly low ( P< 0.05) in the treated groups compare with the control. On the other hand the level of the acid phosphatase was high in the treated group ( P< 0.05). The concentration of both the parathyroid and calcitonin hormones was significantly higher ( P< 0.05) in the treated groups compared with control. In conclusion, the present study has revealed that DX treatment showed no interference with the process of implantation during the days seven and ten, and with chondrogenesis on day fifteen of pregnancy. While the effect on cartilage formation on the fifteenth day and bone on the twentieth day of pregnancy.

تقويم فعالية الخميرة Candida albicans من المسح المهبلية للنساء في حيوية النطف واحداث العقم

Author name: رقية يحيى عبد الشهيد الطفيمي

Supervisor name: زيدان خليف عمران المعموري | فارس ناجي عبود الهادي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: The present study aimed to identify some of the molecular dynamic qualities and the type of Candida albicans and determine its virulence factors using some of the phenotypic and molecular techniques and their impact on the semen and causing infertility.The collection of 173 swab of the vagina and the cervix was where 97 women from women with primary infertility, including 78 women with positive and 19 women with a scanning negative.kmaamlh control and 76 women with secondary infertility, including 49 with positive screening women and 27 women with a scanning negative.kmaamlh control, women who Rajan unit infertility in Babylon, a maternity hospital and children and private clinics in the province of Babylon.The use of agricultural methods to isolate and diagnose 127 isolation dating back to Candida vaginal as well as the use of CHROMO agar medium test and test tobacco Agar to distinguish between certain types of Candida, was detected on some virulence factors such as the composition of the Germ tube and spores Alclamadah and production of enzymes case of fat (Alphusfullaypez) and the formation of membrane It was vital to draw your DNA candidiasis and the use of PCR technique where the starters used by the general whiteners, especially for the purpose of diagnosis isolates of Candida albicans and genetic profiling of yeast Candida depending on the variation in the ITS region area. Showed isolate and diagnose types of eggs in women with infertility initial results of 48 women infected with C.albicans by (61.53%), while 30 women is infected Non - C.albicans by (38.46%) either in women with secondary infertility showed the 29 women infected with C.albicans by ((59.18% and 20 women is infected non - C.albican by (40.81%). the results showed the center CHROMO agar medium isolates of Candida species C.albicans was once a green color and isolates C.tropicalis with blue color and with C.krusei color pink and showed C.glabrata violet and C.parapsilosis that showed white.And C.albicans isolates showed C.albicans result is positive for the production of germ tube and spores Alclamadah as well as the center of tobacco Acar which they appear yeast C.albicans white colonies free of filamentous structures, a test of this kind without other types of Candidapositive test.. While the production of enzymes showed a case of fat test (Alphusfullaypez) as a result of the positive isolates C.albicans and C.krusei The results showed that the incidence of candidiasis in women with infertility first was more ratio than the unemployed in secondary infertility. It was the incidence of type C.albicans is the largest in all of the women with primary infertility and secondary infertility women initial rate of 61.53% and 59.18%, respectively, followed by injury type C.glabrata by 17.9% in women with infertility first and 18.36% in secondary infertility. Distributed cases of four age groups and was the highest rates (47.91% (in women with infertility and the first (55.17%) in the women's secondary infertility is located within the age group (30 - 21) years old. In the case of a period of infertility and distributed cases into three periods and was the highest rate of infection is the period (5.1), where the percentage (81.81%) in infertile women was less than the rate of infection is the period (15 - 11), where the ratio of (6.49%) in infertile women. The results showed that the rate of infection C.albicans were higher in women with and who not to say on treatment by (65.33%) of either women with and who took up treatment (53.84%). As well as the incidence is higher in women infertile is Mentzmat appeared menstrual cycle by (63.75%) The women infertile women with regular menstrual cycle and to have a lower rate (55.31%). The incidence of rural women by (67.56%) higher than the women of the city that are represented (58.49%).It was three concentrations preparation 3×107, 5× 107, 7×108cfu/ml of all isolated from C.albicans and raw leach ate Khmer and observe their effect on semen and then finding the value of MED50 effective dose)) concentrations C.albicans way to draw a dose - of responsiveness was found that the concentration curve (107× 5 cfu/ml) top influential focus on movement and Sperm Viability. It was the influence of the C.albicans test on semen Concentration 107× 5cfu/ml over time (after 30 - 60 minutes) and a leaky yeast and after the screening device Alkazh Computer aided sperm analysis (CASA) where he found the impact of the C.albicans on sperm movement, Rapid progressive (a), Slow progressive (b) and Sperm Viability (V) over time after the text of the clock and watch.The pair initiator year ITS4 - ITS5 in the diagnosis of all isolates representing the total isolates succeeded as a return to form of the genus Candida spp. Where the results of the polymerization 520 bp. The pair initiator Specialist in the diagnosis of Candida yeasts belonging to the type C.albicans and succeeded when he polymerization products 344bp, while the rest of the species is C.albicans did not show any polymerization products.Showed genetic profiling products for the ITS using a pair of initiator ITS3 - ITS4 where showed variation in the ITS region area for the pair in the public initiator profiling C.albicans under study

العلاقة بين المشعرات المهبلية والعوامل المرضية التناسلية الاخرى بين النساء في مدينتي كركوك وتكريت == Relationship Betwee Trichomonas Vaginalis And Other Genital Infectious Agents Among Women In Kirkuk & Tikrit Cities

Author name: برهان احمد محمد علي بيباني

Supervisor name: يحيى جرجيس سلمان | ابراهيم شعبان داود

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تم خلال الفترة من الخامس عشر من شهر تشرين الاول 2006 ولغاية الثلاثين من شهر حزيران 2007 اجراء دراسة عن وبائية طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية وبعض مسببات الالتهابات المهبلية الافرازية المرافقة وغير المرافقة لها بين النساء المراجعات لقسم الاستشارية النسائية والتول | An epidemiological study was carried out from 15th, October 2006 to 30th, June 2007 for prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis parasite and some causative agents of secretary vaginal inflammations associated or non - associated with the parasite among women attending the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in two General hospitals in Kirkuk city and Tikrit teaching hospital in Tikrit city. A total of 300 samples (200 in Kirkuk, 100 in Tikrit) were colle - cted from (15 - 47) years old women. Two swabs were taken from the vaginal (high vaginal) and the lining of uterus cervix (endocervical) for each woman by Gynecologic physician. A gross examination of the swabs was done to determine the color of vaginal secretions and measurement of pH. A wet preparation was done from the (high vaginal swab) and examined microscopically for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. In addition a Gram stain smear was prepared from a portion of the same swab and examined by oil - immersion for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis. A chemical test was done for the detection of Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria & Candida spores. The swabs prepared from endocervical were treated by ACON - Chlamydia Kit specific for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in vaginal swabs samples. The study concluded the following results : 1 - The infection with various sexually transmitted diseases agents were 68% , 78% in Kirkuk & Tikrit cities respectively (P>0.05).2 - The maximum infection rate for T. vaginalis was 19.5% in Kirkuk city & 16% in Tikrit city among co - infection with other agents and single infections.3 - The percentages of single infections with T. vaginalis alone for various age groups were 16.5%, 8% in Kirkuk and Tikrit cities respectively (P>0.05).4 - The rate of infections with various vaginal micro - organisms were in the following sequence : T. vaginalis (19.5%), G. vaginalis (18.5%), C. trachomatis (14%), Candida spp. (11.5%) & N. gonorrhoeae (4.5%) in Kirkuk city, whereasin Tikrit city the sequence of infection rates were as follows : G. vaginalis (43%), T. vaginalis (16%), C. trachomatis (12%), Candida spp. (6%) & N. gonorrhoeae (1%).(P>0.05).5 - The highest rates of infections with T. vaginalis only as a single infecting agents were 21.27%, 10% among a group age range (36 - 45) years in both Kirkuk & Tikrit cities respectively (P<0.05). 6 - The maximum rate of infection with the T. vaginalis were recorded among women with yellowish vaginal secretions without itching (37%), (31.25%), whereas in those with symptoms of copious secretions onlythe corresponding figures (30.17%), (18.51%) were recorded in bothcities respectively (P<0.05). 7 - The maximum infection rate with C. trachomatis in bloody swabs were (40%), (50%) in Kirkuk & Tikrit cities respectively correlated withclinical signs & symptoms. However, maximum infection rate with G. vaginalis was recorded in women with whitish vaginal discharge (60.86%) or yellowish (53.12%) then greenish (52.94%) in Tikrit city in comparison to Kirkuk city. The maximum infection with G. vaginalis were among women with bloody secretion (40%) followed by whitish secretion (30.35%). (P<0.05). 8 - The maximum infection rate with Candida spp. were recorded in women discharge milky secretions (33.33%), (25%) in Kirkuk & Tikrit cities respectively. Infection with N. gonorrhoeae showed different color vaginal discharge (P>0.05).9 - The maximum rate of infections with T. vaginalis (27.43%), (19.69%) were recorded in women whose pH of vaginal secretion range was between (5 - 6). (P> 0.05). The high vaginal swabs have been revealed to be more efficient in diagnosis of vaginal infection with T. vaginalis than endocervical swabs. The maximum rate of infections recorded by these swabs were (22.22%), (19.73%) respectively. The infection rate of pregnant women were (48%), (22.22%) from positive cases in both cities.10 - The maximum rate of infections with T. vaginalis were recorded in women using various contraceptive, women using intrauterine contraceptive device were the highly infected (33.33%), (31.57%) in both cities. P<0.05

فحص عوامل عنق الرحم باستخدام فحصي اختراق النطف واتصال النطف بمخاط عنق الرحم للازواج العقيمين == Examination The Cervical Factors By Using Sperm Penetration Test And Sperm Cervical Mucus Contact Test In Infertile Couples

Author name: الاء عمران مطلك الحسناوي

Supervisor name: فارس ناجي عبود الهادي | بشرى جابر الربيعي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: The present study was conducted in Infertility unit / Babylon Hospital of Gynecology and Children in a period 21/1/2013 to 15/1/2014. The study involved communiqués tests for males and females complaining from unexplained infertility , in which seminal fluid analysis were normospermia. The study include 45 seminal fluid specimens used in connecting test (SCMCT) and penetrating test (SCMPT) with the specimens of cervical mucus of their wives. Cervical mucus aspirating in day 12 - 14 of menstrual cycle. The study aimed to evaluate the husband's sperm activity and concentration in vitro with cervical mucus. Seminal fluid analysis were achieved and then semen specimens used to performed two in vitro tests : SCMCT and SCMPT. sperm parameters ( sperm concentration and sperm motility grade a, b, c, and d) were evaluated in each mentioned test and compared the results with the values of sperm parameters in seminal fluid analysis (control). The statistic results showed 60% of the study specimens of SCMCT was negative and 40% positive, while in percentage of positive results was 33% and 67% negative in penetrating test. The results revealed a significant (p<0.001) decrease of sperm concentration and grade a and b sperm motility, a significant (p < 0.001) increase of sperm motility grade c and immotile sperm grade d in connecting test with cervical mucus compared to control. The results of penetrating test showed significant (P< 0.001) decrease of sperm concentration in the brim, medium and distal region of cervical decrease (p<0.001) of sperm concentration in both medium and distal region compared to brim region, and a significant (p < 0. 001) decrease in distal region compared to medium region ; A significant (P < 0.001) decrease of grade a + b motility percent in all three regions of cervical mucus area compared to control, while no significant differences (P > 0. 05) between brim, medium and distal region of cervical area ; Only grade C sperm motility in distal region showed a significant decrease (P < 0. 001) compared to control and both brim and medium regions. The results revealed significant increase of grade d (P<0.001) in brim and medium region (P < 0.01) compared to control, while there was a significant decrease (P< 0. 001) in distal region compared to control, brim and medium regions. The correlation (r) study of sperm concentration and sperm motility ( grade : a + b, c and d) with age and infertility period in SCMCT showed non significant (P > 0. 05) correlation, except the correlation between a + b grade sperm motility and age it was noticed a significant negative correlation (P < 0. 05) and positive correlation(p> 0.05) between grade c sperm motility and age. The study of linear correlation of sperm parameters in penetrating test showed a significant(P<0.05) negative correlation between grade a+b sperm motility and age in brim and medium region of cervical mucus area. Except this, there are no significant correlation (P>0.05) between sperm concentration and sperm motility for all grades (a + b, c and d) with age and infertility period in both brim and medium regions It was concluded that both test : SCMCT and SCMPT were necessary to diagnosis the causes of infertility when there were normal finding of both seminal fluid analysis and female criteria. mucus area compared to sperm concentration in control, also a significant

دراسة تاثير البروبايويك في تكوين الغشاء الحيوي وانتاج البروتيز لبكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من اخماج الحروق والجروح == Study The Effect of Probiotic On Biofilm Formation And Production Protease Enzyme By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Contaminated Burns And Wound

Author name: علا عبد الكريم كاظم النعيمي

Supervisor name: منيرة جلوب اسماعيل العبادي | ضيماء محمود ابراهيم

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: he study includes the collection of 70 burns and wound swabs from patients of different hospitals, in Baghdad area, for the period from November 2013 to February 2014. 2) 31 isolates characterized as Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9 (45%) from wound and 22 (78.57%) from burn swabs, depending on the characteristics of the colonies phenotypic and microscopic when grown in differential selective media, as well as biochemical tests todiagnose isolates, Then the identification of these species were confirmed by using the system (GN I Card) using Vitek 2 device complementary step.3) The study includes sensitivity test towards 16 antibiotics for each species by using the system (AST Card) using Vitek 2 device, and the isolates ware Multi drug resistance, As results all isolates were resistant by 100 % for each of Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Ticarcillinclavoulanic acid, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone and Tigecycline. All strains were less resistance to Ceftazidime with percentage 50%. 4) All the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with percentage %100, have ability to produce protease enzyme.5) This study was use tow methods of biofilm formations seen in P. aeruginosa, Micro - titer plate method (MTP) and Tube method (TM), Results revealed that MTP was found to be more sensitiveand specific method for biofilm detection than TM. 6) Well diffusion method revealed the inhibitory effect of bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and its supernatants in the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa, and was the supernatant of L. rhamnosus GG isthe largest inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and P.aeruginosa with inhibition diameter 32 and 34 mm respectively, while the inhibition of growth by supernatant of L. acidophilus diameter 25 and 27 mm respectively. 7) Estimated the amount of protein in each of the biosurfactant and bacteriocine producers of L. rhamnosus GG bacteria concentration of 74, 54 Mg/mL respectively, while their concentration in bacteria L. acidophilus 44, 40 Mg / mL, respectively.8) Found that the bacteriocine product of bacteria L. rhamnosus GG and L. acidophilus GG have inhibitory effect on ability of P. aeruginosa to produce the enzyme protease, and the absence of this effect in the Biosurfactants the product of these two types.9) The biosurfactant product from L. rhamnosus GG showed inhibitory effect greater than the effect of the biosurfactant product from L. acidophilus to inhibition (production of biofilm and adhesion to epithelial cells).10) studied the suspension's effect of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus GG in contrived injuries wounds in mice contaminated with P. aeruginosa, Positive results have been shown to be affected by the contaminated bacteria injuries wounds.

تقييم دور الجين في دم نساء عراقيات مصابات بسرطان الثدي == Evaluation The Rule of Mammoglobin A Gene In Blood of Iraqi Women With Breast Cancer

Author name: نانسي فيصل رشيد

Supervisor name: امنة نعمة الثويني

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Mammaglobin A is a member of the superfamily of secretoglobins. Its expression is highly specific for mammary tissue and has been shown to be overexpressed in breast tumor tissue, indicating that mammaglobin A might confer a growth advantage to mammaglobin A - expressing tumor cells. The present study was undertaken to develop the mammaglobin A as a serum biomarker for the early detection of breast cancer, and breast cancer patients follow up after treatments. This study had taken ten months, it involved 84 patients with age ranged 15 - 74 years who had diagnosed with either stage I to III breast cancer or benign lesions of breast at certain Iraqi hospitals and breast cancer centers, and a total number of 10 apparently healthy individuals, with comparable age range of patients as control group.Ten ml of venous blood was collected from studied groups in order to be used for measuring estrogen and progesterone levels, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) test for detection of their serum m - RNA mammaglobin A existence, and serum mammaglobin A levels using Enzyme - Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Demographic study revealed that most cases enrolled in this study were women within their reproductive age 25 - 44 years old. Distribution of patients according to age group, marital status, and lactation status showed no statistically significant association (P>0.05) with any of these variables, in all comparison.The hormonal study states that elevated levels of estrogen were observed in 52 (62%) patients, also decrease in progesterone levels were observed in 50 (59%) patients out of the 84 cases studied. This indicate a highly significant SUMMARYassociation (p < 0.01) between breast cancer risk, elevated estrogen levels, and decrease in progesterone levels. Mammaglobin A protein was detectable by ELISA in 100% of breast cancer patients (65 case), and not in any benign tumor patients (19 case) nor healthycontrol women (10 females) which indicate the highly specificity of ELISA test (P<0.01) for measuring mammaglobin A levels in patients serum. With high concentration of protein in sera of women with late stage of breastcancer compared with a low protein concentration in sera of women with early stage of breast cancer. By applying a statistical analysis on the result it was found that serum mammaglobin A ELISA test is highly significant (P<0.01) for, differentiation between patients with metastatic breast cancer and patients with early diagnosed breast cancer. In this work, SCGB2A2 gene which coded for mammaglobin A was detected in 64 out of 65 breast cancer cases, but not in the benign or healthy individuals indicating its high specificity as a marker gene (SCGB2A2) for cells derived from mammary glands. A statistical analysis was made for comparison between the three groups, E - Malignant Tumors \ Early Stage, L - Malignant Tumors \ Late Stage, and B - benign, (E, L, and B) which show that the results of molecular study of mammaglobin A detected by RT - PCR is statistically high significance (P<0.001) when used for the differentiation between E group and B group, also between L group and B group. The results showed that mammaglobin A can become an important tool for detecting primary and metastatic breast cancer, and predicting disease outcome.

دور الجبرلين والسالساليك والبوتاسيوم في تقليل التاثيرات الضارة لملوحة التربة في صنفين من الحنطة الناعمة Triticum aestivum L. == The Role of Gibberellien And Salicylic And Potassium In Reduce The Harmful Effrcts of Soil Salinity In Two Wheat Cultivars Triticum Aestivum L.

Author name: هدى نافع كريم

Supervisor name: وسام مالك داود

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Master

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: نفذت هذه الدراسة في قسم علوم الحياة - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة للموسم الشتوي 2014 - 2015 لبيان دور الرش بالجبرلين وحامض السالساليك والبوتاسيوم في زيادة تحمل صنفين من الحنطة للاجهاد الملحي.تضمنت الدراسة رش الجبرلين وحامض السالساليك والبوتاسيوم بالتراكيز | This study carried out in the department of Biology - College of Education for pure science in winter season 2014 - 2015 to indicate the role of spray by of gibberellien and salicylic acid and potassium in increased tolerance of two wheat cultivars to salt stress.The study included spray of gibberellien and salicylic acid and potassium with the concentrations of 200, 100 and 3000 mg.Liter - 1 on the vegetative of two wheat varieties Rashid and Diglha to increase the tolerance to the two levels of soil salinity and which are 3 and8 ds.m - 1.Through study of some morphological and physiological traits (germination rate, speed germination coefficient, number of tillers, flag leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll content, proline content, sodium and potassium rate securities, number of spikes, number of spikelet, spike length, grain protein ratio, weight of 1000 grain and grain yield).The results showed that increasing the level of soil salinity led to obtain significant decrease in the most of the traits, the study also showed adiscrepancy between the two cultivars, it was the product growth indicators Rashid best of Diglha and for most of the traits. Where spraying potassium gave the best results for most of the traits through reduce the negative impact of salt stress on plant wheat more than spraying gibberellien and salicylic acid. The study showed that the treatment of spraying potassium it was superior in most of the traits results and of these qualities is the description of the number of tillers where recorded 19.3 branch. Plant - 1 and recipe flag leaf area where the 28.20cm2 and the recipe chlorophyll content 88.181 spad and prescription rate securities where sodium ratio 0.151% and in the number of spikes reaching 14.8 spike. Plant - 1 and the average number of spikelet which is 21.0 spikelet. Spike - 1 and the percentage of protein in grain 18.1% and grain yield reaching 11.497 gm. Planter - 1.

دراسـة بيئيــة للافقريات القاعيـة في هور الدلمج - وسط العراق == An Ecological Study of The Benthic Invertebrates In Al Dalmage Marsh - Middle of Iraq

Author name: ميسون حسن مشجل السراي

Supervisor name: هيفاء جواد جوير

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Invertebrates

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: استهدفت الدراسة الحالية التنوع الاحيائي لمجتمع لافقريات القاع في هور الدلمج / وسط العراق فضلا عن بعض الخصائص الفيزياوية والكيمياوية لمياه الهور، اختيرت ست محطات لجمع العينات وذلك للمدة من بداية كانون الثاني وحتى كانون الاول 2013. استخدم تحليل التوافق CCA | Benthic invertebrate diversity on the Al - Dalmage marsh in the middle of Iraq, in addition to the some physical and chemical properties was the goal of the present study, for a period from January to the end of December 2013. Six stations along the eastern side of the marsh were chosen for monthly samples collection.The results showed water temperature ranged from(9 - 34.1)?C. The pH values were neutral but tends to near alkaline and ranged from (7.2 - 9).The Electrical conductivity values varied from (22735 - 2330) ?s/cm, according to the values of salinity (1.5 - 14.6) ‰ the marsh was classified as mesohaline (TDS) which showed high values ranged from (1820 - 17762) mg/L.This study showed that the marsh were well oxygenated due to the dissolved oxygen values which ranged from 7 - 12 mg/L, the study recorded values to BOD5 were ranging from (1.5 - 3)mg/L, and the marsh classified as very hard according to the total hardness values from (6980 - 825) CaCo3 mg/L. The high perecentage of organic matter in the sediment was 2.7 %. The results showed the station were characterized by sediment texture varied from silt clay sand sediment in the stations 1, 4, 5 , silt clay in St(2) and sand silt in St(3), sand clay silt in St(6).A total of 21286 individual benthic invertebrates was sorted, which represents which 78 taxonomic units, including 9 taxa. The Crustacea was the dominate group representing 29% of the total number of benthic invertebrates. It was noted that there were obvious differences in the total number of sorted individuals in which varied in each location and each month. The highest total number recorded in was st (2) was 4360 including 73 taxonomic units, while the highest total number recorded in April was 2624.The results of The relative abundance index showed that the species insects : Polypedilum sp Were more abundant in St(2 - 6), and dominant in St(6), while the Seinura sp were dominant in St(6), while the other taxonomy units varied from less abundant to rare abundant. Also the results of constancy index showed The which were considered "constant " However the other taxonomy units varied from "accessory " and" accidental" taxonomy units in study stations.The Shanon - Weiner index of totall benthic invertebrates varied from (1.2 - 3.8) bit/Ind, The uniformity index of benthic invertebrates varied from(0.7 - 1), these high values indicate that there is no ecological stress on benthic invertebrates in the study area.The Results of Jaccard Presence - community of similarity showed the highest degree of similarity to be 96% which recorded between St(1) and St(2).The values of the index of spcies richness varied from 1.3 - 15 with the greatest values recorded in April while lower values were in October.Six species of Turbellarian Platyhelminthes that were recorded, from which Stenostomum leucops, Stenostomum bryophilum, Stenostomum unicolor, Gyratrix hermaphrodites, Macrostomum sp, Dalyelliidae, which were considered as new records for Iraq, with Gyratrix hermaphrodites as the most abundant species and representing 25% of the total number of Turbellarian. It was noted that there were obvious differences in the total number of sorted individuals which varied in each location and each month, the highest total number recorded in St 3 was 400, while the highest total number recorded in November was (198).The present study result showed that three species of Nematoda were recorded incuding Seinura sp, Alaimus sp, Dorylaimus sp, Seinura sp as the most abundent species representing 84% of the total number of Nematoda. Spatially the highest total number of 590 individuals was recorded in St (4) , while temporally, the highest total number of 366 was recorded in October.One unidentified species of Gastrotricha was recorded for the first time in Iraq, 102 Ind were sorted these were considered "constant" recording to constancy index 63.8% which were sorted from all stations.A total of 2319 individuals of Rotifera was sorted, these were identified as 15 species that included Philodina sp, Rotaria citrinus, Dipleuchlanis sp, Euchlanis sp, Notholca sp, Ttriploeuchlainis sp, Colurella sp, Lepadella sp, Lecane sp, Proales sp, Cephalodela sp, Synchaeta sp, Hexarthra mira, and finally Brachionus sp which was recorded the highest number of individuals 540 individuals.A total of 1888 individual Annelida were sorted representing 12 species including nine species belonging to the family Naididae (three belong to the sub family Naidinae and six belonging to Tubificoid worms), two species belonged to Aleosomatidae including Aeolosoma hemprichi, Aeolosoma variegatum, and finaly one specie belong to Hirudinea which was Glossiphonia heteroclite, with three 3 ind in all study.The family Aleosomatidae recorded the highest percentage of 58% of the total number of Annelida.The sub family Naidinae including Paranais litoralis, Dero (Aulophorus) furcata, Stylaria lactustris.The highest frequency of 23.6% was recorded by P. litoralis.The Tubificoid worms represent six species which were Limnodrlius hoffmeisteri, Limnodrlius profundicola, L. claparedeianus, L udekemianus, Tubifex tubifex, Branchiura sowerbyi. This study also isolated 6238 individual Crustacea, these were identified as 15 species that included five species belonged to Cladocera, four order belong to copepod, which were recorded the highest percentage 30% of the total number of Crustacea, in addition to Macrobrachium nipponense from Decapoda, Sphaeroma annadalei anndalei from Isopoda, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Conchostracha. It was noted that there was obvious differences in the total number of sorted individuals which varied in each location and each month, The highest total number recorded in st (2) was 1480, while the highest total number of 730 was recorded in April. The study finds 4297 individual insects groups, were sorted represent seven order includes larvae of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, (Zygoptera, Anisoptera) Diptera (Culicidae, Chironomus sp, Polypedilum sp) Lepidoptera larvae Hemiptera (Corixidae, Nepa cinerea), and adult of Coleoptera (Dysitidae, Hydrophilidae Elmidae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera larvae), the Diptera larvae were recorded the highest percentage 55 % of the total number of insects groups, and Nepa cinerea was considered as new records for Iraq.This study showed two class from Mollusca, 1956 Ind were sorted, including Gastropoda and Pelecyopoda.The Gastropoda which were recorded the highest percentage 94% of the total number of Mollusca, these were identified to physa acuta, Lymnaea sp, Melonoides tuberculata, Melnopsis nodosa, Theodoxus sp, physa acuta which was the greatest percentage 41% of the total number of gastropoda. pelecyopoda which were including Pseudodontopsis euphraticus, Tigridis Unio, Corbicula fluminea, Corbicula fluminali

دراسة تشخيصية جزيئية ودمية وكيموحيوية لانواع الاكريات Eimeria spp. في الدجاج المصاب طبيعيا وتجريبيا في محافظة الديوانية == Molecular Diagnosis Study And Haematological And Biochemical of Coccidiosis Eimeria Spp. In Natural And Experimental Infection Chicken In Al - Diwanyia City

Author name: خالد ثامر مطر الشيباني

Supervisor name: خيري عبد الله داود العكيلي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع لقسم علوم الحياة / كلية التربية / جامعة القادسية للمدة من 1/9/2013 ولغاية 1/9/2014، للتحري عن انواع طفيلي الاكريات المتطفلة على الدجاج المصاب طبيعيا وعزل الطفيلي من الحالات المصابة الواردة الى المسستشفى البيطري | The study conducted in The animal house of the Biology department, College of Education, University of Al - Qadisiyah during the period from 1/9/2013 to 1/9/2014. The study diagnosed the species of Eimeria parasites in naturally infected chickens in poultry farms. Eimeria oocysts was isolated from the infected chickens feaces in Veterinary hospital and Veterinary clinics.Then, the cases diagnosed initially in the laboratory by direct examining stool smears and the positive cases were recorded.Through this study, oocysts were isolated, and two species of Eimeria parasites were diagnosed (E.tenella and E.maxima) by using the technique of Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.There are 186 cases of infected chicken which examined, and the results showed that (186 out of 315)stool Samples(59%), include infected with two species of Eimeria parasites E.tenella was in (135 out of 186, 72.5%) while the species E.maxima was in(51 out of 186, 27.4%). The experimental study was conducting two experiments were done.The first experiment, depend on the experimental infection of E.tenella species which was used for two types of chicken, (Ross type which is foreign, and local breed).The second experiment, includes experimental infection with the species E.maxima also in two types of chickens that mention above. Symptoms and clinical signs of the first experiment on foreign chickens included were recorded it is noticed that infected the chickens with E.tenella have was dull, unorganized feather and loss of appetite in addition to bloody diahrreha, loss weight, emaciated and isolated. The Gross Lesions include congestion of cecum and an increase in their sizes while inside the cecum, many ulcerated lesions were noticed, filling cecum with mucus and blood, liver was congested and enlarged. Microscopicale examination recorded congestion was full with blood cells and necrotic tissues cecum and falling of cells in the cecum lumen. Many different stages of the parasites were noticed as schizonts, merozoites, gametes and oocysts Hematological parameters showed high significant decrease (p?0.05) in Hb (0.38±5.94 mg / 100ml) in the fourth week of infection, PCV (0.68±18.47%) in the fifth week and RBC was (1.58±0.02x106) in the fourth week. Also, the infection led to significant increase difference of WBC (30.19±0.95x103) in the seventh week of infection in comparison of uninfected chickens of the control sample. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed that significant decrease (p?0.05) in glucose concentration (156.98±1.75mg / 100ml in the fourth week of infection), cholesterol concentration and total protein concentration (62.11±4.40, 1.92±0.92 mg / 100ml respectively in the fifth week of infection).Also, Uric acid increased significantly (p?0.05) to reach(10.19±0.52mg / 100ml) in the fourth week of infection in comparison of uninfected chickens of the control group. Average weight was showed the significant decrease (p?0.05) of the chickens quantity (368.88±3.01gr in the fourth week of the infection), and an increase the percentage of mortality(23.33±0.23% in the fifth week of infection), addition to the decrease of consuming food by bird (282.8±2.19gr in the fifth week of the infection) in comparison of uninfected chickens of the control group. While the results of local breed chickens in the first experiment were less severity than that with the foreign type (Ross) but the colour of the stool was brown mixed with blood. The Gross Lesions showed pathological changes in the cecum as congestion and bleeding. Moreover, ulcers areas were smaller and less in number in comparison with the infected foreign chickens by the same parasite. The microscopic pathological changes of E.tenella in the cecum showed hyperplasia in goblet cells and congestion of blood capillaries with less number of stages of the parasite in comparison with the foreign chickens. The hematological parameters showed significant decrease (p?0.05) in Hb concentration and percentage of PCV (7.13±0.31mg/100ml, 21.26±1.82% respectively in the fifth week of infection), while the RBC count was (2.05±0.12 x 106 in the fourth week of infection and significant increased (p?0.05) in WBC count was (30.63±0.38 x 106 the sixth week of infection) in comparison with the chickens of the control group. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed the significant decrease (p?0.05) in glucose concentration (169.60±2.16mg/100ml in the fifth week of infection), cholesterol concentration and total protein concentration (70.89±2.01, 2.25±0.39mg/100ml respectively in the fourth week of infection). Uric acid increased significantly (p?0.05) to reach (7.62±0.90mg/100ml) in the fifth week of infection in comparison with the control group. Average of the weight was significant decrease (p?0.05) (190.28±3.81gm), high increase in the average of mortality (10±0.20%), and high decrease in the consuming food average (413.4±3.91gr) in the fourth week of infection in comparison with the uninfected control group. The second experiment of the foreign chicken which infected experimentally by E.maxima showed asymptoms and clinical signs were nearly similar in the foreign chickens that infected with E.tenella, but mild in severity is average. The symptoms include fatigue, fallen wings, loss of appetite, mucus diarhea mixed with blood. The Gross Lesions showed severe changes in the infected part of intestine as congestion and filling of intestine with mucous secretion of bad odour. While the microscopic pathological changes showed the tissues section of intestine were damaged, necrosis of intestine villi due to the large number of different stages of the parasite with hyperplasia of goblet cells. The hematological parameters showed significanty decrease (p?0.05) in Hb concentration, percentage of PCV and RBC count (7.55±0.61mg/100ml, 23.62±0.81% and 2.08±0.10x106 in the fourth week of infection) and significant increased (p?0.05)in WBC count (31.26±0.63x106 in the seventh week of infection) in comparison with the uninfection control group. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed that there was the significant decrease (p?0.05) in glucose concentration (164.86±2.11 mg /100ml in the fifth week of infection), cholestrol concentration and total protein (77.14± 3.38, 2.24±0.36 mg/100ml) and significant increased (p?0.05) in Uric acid concentration (8.20±0.79mg/100ml) in the fourth week of infection in comparison to the control group. The results of productive characteristics refered to significant decrease(p?0.05) in the weight of chickens (479.28±0.23gr) and significant increase (p?0.05) in mortality (10±0.11%) during the fifth week of infection. Also, there was significant decrease (p?0.05) in the consumed food by birds (368.5±2.10gr) during the fourth week of infection in comparison to the chicken of the control group. While the results of local breed chicken in the second experiment, the symptoms and clinical signs showed no sign of disease, and the chickens were active in spite of presence of infection and the releasing of Oocysts. The Gross Lesions showed the inflammation and congestion, onlargment of the infected part of small intestine, little mucous and liquid inside the lumen.As far as microscopic changes are concerned, the tissue examination showed some necrosis and damage of the villi ends and an increase in the size of the goblet cells. Hematological parameters showed to the significant decrease (p?0.05) in Hb concentration and percentage of PCV (7.86±0.45 mg/100ml, 23.60±0.53% respectively during the fifth week of infection), RBC count (2.10±0.13 x 106 in the fourth week of infection) and significant increased (p?0.05) in WBC count (32.98±0.58 x 106 during the sixth week of infection) in comparison with the control group. The biochemical parameters of blood serum showed that there was the significant decrease (p?0.05)in glucose concentration and cholestrol concentration (170.60 ±2.01, 79.70±2.69 mg/100ml respectively in the fourth week of infection), total protein concentration (2.42±0.31mg/100ml in the fifth week of infection) and significant increased (p?0.05) in Uric acid concentration (6.52±0.82mg/100ml in the fourth week of infection) in comparison to the uninfection control group. Average of the weight referred to significant decrease (p?0.05) of chickens (213.16±3.12 gr) and consuming food (481±3.21 gr) during the fourth week of infection.While there were no differnces in the percentage of mortality comparison with the uninfected chicken of the control group. Also, the results of the number of released oocysts showed significant increase (p?0.05)in number of released oocysts with stool by infected foreign ckicken(Ross) in comparison with the local breed chicken which infected by the same parasite.Also, the number of the dropped oocysts of E.tenella were higher than that of E.maxima.

دراسة بعض جوانب الاداء الحياتي لبعض الحشرات ذات الاهمية الجنائية في مدينة الديوانية == A Study of Some Biological Aspects of Forensically Important Insects In Al - Diwaniya City

Author name: عباس كاظم حمزة الشيباني

Supervisor name: سعدي محمد هلال

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Insects

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: The present study was aimed to identify the most forensically important insects species in addition to their distribution and abundance in the Al - Diwaniya province, also the succession pattern on carrion in urban and rural areas in different seasons was studied. The present study included some experiments on the effect of the quality and quantity of food on the development of some blow flies, the effect of rearing on food spiked with different concentration of Paracetamol and Amitriptyline drugs on some biologicalaspects of the blow flies, The result showed the following : ? When using fly sex - attractant poisoned bait used in the field, six dipterans flies were identified : 1 - Calliphora vicina 2 - Lucilia sericata 3 - Chrysomya albiceps 4 - Ch. Megacephala 5 - Sarcophaga africa 6 - Musca domestica the last species was the most abundant during all seasons of the year. However, when natural food bait was used, the same species of flies were recorded in addition to three species of beetles : 1 - Dermestes maculates 2 - Saprinus semistriatus 3 - Necrobia rufipes. the results also showed that the daily activity of different flies species was the varied according to ambient temperature during the day andthere was no activity recording for the flies during the night. ? The succession of insects on rabbit carrion in the urban and rural area in winter season showed that the most abundant fly species attacking the carrion during the active stage, these flies were : : 1 - C. vicina 2 - L. sericata 3 - Ch. albiceps 4 - Ch. megacephala in addition to S. africa, M. domestica and three beetles namely : 1 - D. maculates 2 - S. semistriatus 3 - N. rufipes especially during the late stage of decaying, and recoded fly : Eristalis aeneus (Diptera) accidentally appeared on the carrion. However, less number of fly species were recorded on rabbit carcass during summer season.? In general the present study showed fly species : C. vicina and L. sericata Their numbers in urban area were more than the rural area (urban species) while fly species S. africa was rural species. ? 4) skeletonization time of the rabbit carcass during summer season was three times faster than it was in winter season in both locations, urban and rural.? When C. vicina larvae reared on different animal tissues, the result showed that there were a significant differences between means of larvae weight and development time and in the emergence of adults from pupal stage, thus, the average weight of larvae was 2337 mg 2101 mg when reared on lung and liver tissues as a compared with 998.6, 1194 and 1278 mg when reared on kidney, brain and muscles after eight days of exp - Time. However the longest development period of larvae were : 10.6, 10.3 and 9.3 days and pupae 7.3, 7 and 6.6 days when reared on kidney, brain and muscles respectively, as a compared with : 7.3, 7.6 and 8 days(larvae) 5.3, 5.6 and 6 days (pupae) reared on lung, liver and heart respectively (P? 0.05).The highest emergence percentage of adult were 46.6% and 40% in the lung and liver tissues. ? Larvae of C. vicina reared on 25 and 50gm beef liver /10 larvae were 83.2 and 75.6 mg respectively compared with 67.1 reared on 100gm/10 larvae during the first four days of the experiment. However, the duration period of larvae and pupae were 10.3 and 8 days when reared on 100gm respectively, the highest emergence percentage of adults were 46% and 26.6% for larvae reared on 25 and 50gm of liver. ? Larvae of C. vicina reared on spiked liver with different concentration of Amitriptyline were significantly different to those in the control treatment, the highest means weight of larvae was 1615.3 and1474 mg when reared on liver spiked with 1.25 and o.125mg ofamitriptyline/25gmliver/5larvae respectively the lowest weight mean of larva was 1112 and 1264.6mg when reared on liver spiked with 0.025 and 0.0mg(control) respectively. The development period of larvae and pupa of C. vicina were 14.6 and 10.3 days respectively when reared on liver spiked with 1.25mg of Amitriptyline compared with 9.6 and 6.3 days in the control treatment(p>0.05).The highest percentage of adults emergence 40% was in the control treatment compared with only 13.3 when larvae reared on liver spiked with 1.25mg.amitriptyline. ? Larvae of C. vicina reared on beef liver spiked with different concentrations of Paracetamol showed different results. The highest mean weight of larva was 1735.3mg when reared on beef liver spiked with 25mg/5 larvae compared with 867.3mg in the control treatment, the development period of larvae and pupae were 12.6 and 8.6 days respectively as a compared with 9.3 and 6.3 days in the control treatment. The percentage of adults emergence was 46.6% in the control treatment compared with 13.3% in the highest concentration of drug ? The results also showed that there is a significant increase in the mean weight of larvae reared on different tissues of rabbits oral dosage with lethal dose of Amitriptyline, in the contrary weight of larvae reared on tissues of rabbits orally dosage with lethal dose of Paracetamol were decreased(p>0.05) as a compared with untreated rabbit tissues (rabbit was not dosage - control).

دراسة تصنيفية حياتية مقارنة لانواع من الجنس Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) في العراق == A Comparative Biosystematic Study of Some Species of The Genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) In Iraq

Author name: ازهار طاهر صليبي

Supervisor name: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لثلاث وعشرين مرتبة تصنيفية تعود جميعها للجنس Euphorbia L. من العائلةEuphorbiaceae النامية في العراق، تضمنت الجوانب المظهرية العامة والدقيقة ودراسة حبوب اللقاح والمركبات الكيميائية والبيئة والتوزيع الجغرافي فضلا عن ا | The current research deal with twenty - three taxa belong to the genus Euphorbia L., Family Euphorbiaceae grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also studied and the chemical compounds, Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have done.Also botanical key was putted to separate the species. General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens studied, and correct the mistake naming, specimens were identified and reidentified some miss identified specimens in the Iraqi herbaria. A comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa appeared from habit and duration of taxa to the quantitative and qualitative attributes the members of the vegetative and floral parts included the roots, stems, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts and drew charts diagrams, tables and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images. This study showed that all species was herbs, shrubs and succulent and semisucculent annual and perinnal, the major taxonomic importance was for flowering parts includeing the specific Inflorescence, installation of a cupped and its regularity on the branches of the plant, glands forms, numbers, presence or lack of appendages, bractes and bracteoles shapes, dimensions and color fruits shape, indumentum and seeds forms, dimension and her surface sculpturing; and the presence or lack of caruncle, as well as the qualities of roots, stems and leaves, and the morphological characteristics of all plant parts mentioned above have a taxonomic importance in identification and separation of the studied taxa. The study of the micromorphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex which included anomocytic, paracytic, anisocytic and tetracytic, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa.The pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because their different in shape, dimensions of polar and equatorial view, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. They are mostly of Tricolporate except two species were Hexacolporate, also the differences in their shape in the polar and equatorial view.They were spheroidal, ovoid and oblate - spheroidal in the polar view and oblate, spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal in the equatorial view.The ornomentation they were reticulate, microreticulate and foveoate.The chemical study also importance in separation of the genus taxa four compounds Flavonoids diagnosed in all the studing species but different in concentrations, by using HPLC, they are Myriscetin, Quercetin, Kaempferol and Coumarin esculetin and this confirms that there are a common evolutionary link between the species in terms of their chemical properties, which suggests belonging species to the genus Euphorbia.Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical districts. the species of Euphorbia were distributed in all Iraqi districts especially in LCA, MSU, MRO, and DWD and some species were farmed in gardens and nurseries either to the beauty of their bractes colors or because their acceleration to the environmental changes such as succulent species, As well as wild species were spread in mountainous areas, oak, nuts forests, in orchards, cultivated fields, flat plains and desert areas in loam soils, clay, gravel, and sand. Through this study some new taxa where founded in Iraq and they are E. cyparissias Kunth ; E. maculata L. ; E. serpens L. ; E. tirucalli L., and this study suggests to recorded them for the first time in Iraq.

تاثـير بـعـض الـعوامل الـبـيـئـية عـلى نمـو الاحياء الدقيقة في بعض القاعات الانتاجية لمصنع ادوية سامراء == The Effect of Some Ecological Factors On The Growth of Microorganisms In Some Production Units In Sammara Drug Industry (SDI)

Author name: خالد محمد عباس

Supervisor name: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Life Science

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: تم دراسة الظروف الطبيعية الموجودة في القاعات الانتاجية لمصنع ادوية سامراء من خلال العوامل البيئية التي شملت الحرارة، والرطوبة النسبية. وشدة الاضاءة واعداد حجم الدقائق العالقة في الهواء وتاثيرها على الاحياء المجهرية الموجودة في القاعات الانتاجية حيث تم اخذ | The natural environmental conditions existing in the production units of Sammara drug company have been studied. Environmental factors included, temperature, relative humidity, light intensity as well as number and size of suspended particles in the air. From December 2006 through June 2007. 87 sampling visit was made during which 384 swabs were collected from three production buildings : Ibn - Hayan, Ibn - Sina and Al - Zahrawy. Results showed that at different temperature levels during this study dominance of bacterial colony over fungal colony in two buildings Ibn - Hayan and Ibn - Sina, was observed, whereas the dominance of fungal colony over bacterial colony in Al - Zahrawy building was noticed. While the effect of relative humidity on microorganisms showed that in Ibn - Hayan building at low relative humidity (41 - 53%) the dominance of bacterial colony over fungal colony whereas the dominance of fungal colony on bacterial colony at relative humidity (53 - 62%). While in Ibn - Sina building bacterial colony dominante fungal colony except at high relative humidity (63 - 73%), where the fungal colony dominance. The same pattern have shown in Al - Zahrawy building at low relative humidity less than 51% while fungal colony exceeded bacterial colony at high relative Humidity. Result of the effect of light intensity showed that the low light intensity have greater effect on fungal colony than bacterial colony this clear in Ibn - Hayan and Ibn - Sina buildings whereas increases in light intensity showed the reverse while the low light intensity in Al - Zahrawy building shown different effects which the dominance of fungal colony over bacterial colony. This perhaps reflects the different species of fungal colony in production units.The effect of the number and the size of 0.3 micron of particulates on bacterial and fungal colony was also examined. It has been noticed that the dominance of bacterial colony over fungal colony until the number of particulates 49000/foot3 in Ibn - Hayan building, while fungal colony appeared in most swabs in Ibn - sina building, but dominancy for bacterial colony. While in Al - Zahrawy building the swabs showed clear appearance for fungal colony, but some swabs shown high bacterial growth. The effect of 0.5 micron particulates showed that the dominance of bacterial colony with increased number of particulates in Ibn - Hayan building. The same pattern was shown in Ibn - Sina building, while in Al - Zahrawy building it has been the dominances of bacterial colony until 15000/foot3, but with increase in number fungal colony appear very clear. The following bacteria and fungi were identified during the course of this study; Staphylococcus, E.coli and a low genera of fungi like Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor. It has been shown by the collected swabs that the contamination with bacteria and fungi of drug production units never exceeded the standard limits set by the company except in very rare occasions the high contamination rate occurred in the hands of workers and delivery boxes in Ibn - Sina building.

Author name: احمد عطا الله حسن الفهداوي

Supervisor name: عادل مشعان ربيع

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Aquatic Environment

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

العلاقة بين مؤشر الموت الخلـوي المبرمج (ربيطة فاس الذائبة) وقلة النطاف عند الرجال == Correlation Between Apoptotic Marker (Sfas Ligand) And Oligozoospermia In Men

Author name: احمد حسين علي الزاملي

Supervisor name: صباح ناصر العلوجي | انعم رشيد الصالحي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The Fibroblast associated (Fas) system in the testes has been identified as a key regulator of apoptosis, a process that greatly influences the germ cell population of the testes. and the soluble Fas Ligand (sFasL) may be a competitive inhibitor to induce apopto¬sis of the Fas baring cells. Therefore, this study measures the level of sFasL in the semen of oligozoospermic men evaluating the association between seminal plasma sFasL and spermatogenesis.A total 58 oligozoospermic men and 29 normozoospermic volunteers were included in this study. They were attending the Infertility Clinic of the High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, AL - Nahrain University\ Baghdad. Their age mean was 31.77± 5.48 years and a median of 30 years. Semen samples were evaluated according to World Health Organization 2010 standard parameters. The Seminal plasma was separated from the cellular elements after centrifugation and the supernatant was transferred to plane tubes and frozen at - 20 ?C till using for measurement of sFasL. These patients were classified into patients with severe oligozoospermia (sperm concentration ?5 million / ml) which include 29 patients, and patients with mild and moderate oligozoospermia (sperm concentration ranging between 5 - 15 million / ml) which includes 29 patients as well. The control group comprised of 29 men with normospermic parameters according to WHO 2010 standard (Normal volunteers). The sFasL was measured using ELISA enzyme immunoassay for quantitative determination of sFasL Kit. Data were analyzed statistically using Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Least Significant Difference (LSD) and Correlation Coefficient (r).The sFasL level was found significantly higher (P< 0.01) in seminal plasma of oligozoospermic men, with weak correlation of the level of sFasL with the degree of severity of oligozoospermia. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that sFasL is a novel marker found in the seminal plasma of oligozoospermic men. It's level was higher in cases of oligozoospermia regardless of its severity.

انتشار بكتريا Escherichia coli في المرضى في المرضى المصابين بالتهاب المرارة الحصوي في محافظة الديوانية == Dissemination of Escherichia Coli In Patients With Cholecystitis Calculus In Al - Diwanyia Governorate

Author name: احمد رزاق واجد الداوودي

Supervisor name: سيوف خومان علوان الرماحي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: The study aims to identify Escherichia coli bacteria, which causes calculus cholecystitis of molecular perspective. The study samples were gathered from 110 patients who undergone cholecystectomy in Diwaniya general hospital for the period October 2013 to April 2014. The sample included bile sap, gall bladder tissues and stone if available. The samples were cultured to identify their culture specifications.The results showed that chronic cholecystitis is the most common one, which has 55.5% then acute cholecystitis by 44.5%. The study results showed that age and sex have an influence on cholecystitis. The highest percentage of infection is the ages 36 - 45 for the two sexes. If the cases distributed according to the patient sex, there is a difference in cholecystitis between male and female, where females infections are 88.2% and males are 11.8%. The total isolated bacteria were 125 bacterial isolates of 52% of gall bladder tissues, 26.4% of bile and 21.6% of the stone. Escherichia coli had 34.4% of the total samples of 51.1%, 36.6% and 29.6% respectively of the above mentioned samples.As far as susceptibility for all Escherichia coli isolates towards 15 types of antibiotics by using disc diffusion for Kerby - Bauer method, bacteria had high susceptibility against ? - lactamases antibiotics where they had susceptibility against Ampicillin+ Clavulanic acid by 38.7% and 79% for Ampicillin. The least susceptibility was for Amoxicillin by 69.7%. Bacteria had no resistance for Imipenem where their susceptibility was 100%. Bacteria had weak susceptibility against Aztreonam by 13.9%. While with cephalosporins, susceptibility for Ceftazidime by 27.9% and for Cefotaxime by 20.9%. With Aminoglycosides, resistance to Gentamicin antibiotics was 34.8% and 30.2% for Amikacin. The results showed that resistance to Quinolones was 16.2 for Nalidixic acid while for fluoroquinolones resistance was 25.5% for Ciprofloxacin and 18.6% for Norfloxacin. Isolates ability to produce CTX - M, SHV, TEM and AMPC extended spectrum ? - lactamases enzymes was tested by investigating the existence of blaTem, blaAMC, blaCTX - M and blaSHV genes in these isolates through Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There were 23/26 isolates (88.4%) showed their ability to contain blaAmpC gene, and 7/26 isolates (26.9%) contained blaSHV gene. There are 18/26 isolates(69.2%) contained blaTEM gene while 20/26 isolates (76.9%) contained blaCTX - M.Through using Quantitative Real Time - Polymerase chain Reaction (qRT - PCR), gene expression measurement for blaCTX - M, blaTEM and blaAmpC was measured by relative numbers. The results showed that gene expression measurement for ? - lactamases enzymes type AmpC produce by Escherichia coli was the highest if compared with ? - lactamases enzymes type TEM and CTX - M with different periods of incubation, which is T4h for 4 hours, T24h for 24 hours and T48h hours of incubation respectively. It is noticed that genes responsible for producing ? - lactamase enzymes type TEM, CTX - M and AmpC are changed during different periods of incubation through using Real Time - Polymerase chain Reaction (RT - PCR).

دراسة بعض الملوثات الصناعية وتاثيرها في الصفات التشريحية لبعض الانواع النباتية في قضاء سامراء == Study of Some Industrial Pollutants And Their Impact In The Anatomical Characteristics of Some Plant Species In Samarra

Author name: احمد يونس حمادي الكنعاني

Supervisor name: طالب عويد الخزرجي | ياسين محمد احمد الدليمي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant - Diseases

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: ان نمو النباتات في مواقع ملوثة قد يعرض صحة المستهلك للخطر سواء اكان انسان? او حيوان?، لذلك انجز هذا البحث لتقييم التلوث بالعناصر الثقيلة في مياه المخلفات الصناعية للحي الصناعي في مدينة سامراء وفي التربة والنباتات الواقعة على مجرى هذه المياه الجارية في ساق | The growth of plants in contaminated sites may expose consumers' health at risk, whether a human being or animal so accomplished this research to assess the pollution heavy elements in the waters of industrial waste of the neighborhood's industrial city of Samarra, in soil and plants located on the course of this running water in a stream length of 800 m even downstream Tigris River, as they are put waste industrial district as well as sewage water into the river is directly without treatment, as the study was to take part of the water and soil of that region as well as four types of plants that grow where is the tail of the seven, mint, sugar cane and corporal parents, study Some qualities Physical and chemical soil and water in addition to study some changes anatomical got to plants due to pollution, and that by dividing the study area into four zones as is the region (1) part near the industrial district and region (2) is located just 200 meters from the site of No. (1) towards the river, followed by site number (3), which is 200 m from the site of No. (2) The region (4) is located near the bank of the river and about 200 m from the site number (3) and samples were taken control of the West Bank of the Tigris River, was measurement of both pH and electrical conductivity and salinity in addition to measuring some heavy elements (iron, copper, cadmium) of soil and water, as well as the measured requirement vital for oxygen and the degree of turbidity of the water, also included the study to measure some heavy elements (iron, copper, cadmium) in plant and study the anatomical changes that occur due to the pollution produced by the launch of industrial waste. The results of the study that there is variation among study sites for each of the regions of the east bank of the river (the contaminated samples) and the West Bank of the river (the control) for most attributes Physical and chemical water and soil as well as for changes anatomical plants between contaminated samples and the control and in general has The results are within the limits permitted by the World Health Organization, the results indicate the high concentration of copper in the soil compared with iron and cadmium as the highest concentration has 10 ppm at the site (1), while the concentration of sample control 0.17 ppm The iron was higher focus him in the soil is 5.2 ppm in both locations (3) and (4), while the concentration of sample control 3.3 ppm The cadmium was the highest concentration has 0.43 ppm at the site (2), while the concentration of sample control 0.15 ppm and these concentrations are all not exceeding the allowable limit for the World Health Organization (for cadmium 1.5ppm of iron 120ppm copper 40ppm) respectively, and the results showed variation in pH between the soil and water for study sites on the one hand and sample control on the other hand, as shown soil samples to pH moderate among the four sites studied, where ranged pH between 7.26 - 6.33 The sample control was pH 8.64 As for water, the results showed basal water sites studied ranged pH between 6.8 to 5.8 which is comparable to Las pH for sample control 8.5, As for connectivity electrical has emerged variation between samples studied and sample control for soil and water and showed samples of soil and water at the site (2) the extent of the variation connectivity electrical them at the sites (3, 2, 1) and which are all higher than in the sample control, with varied degrees connectivity for soil samples between 14, 200 - 2860 Maekerosemins / cm The sample control 2300 Maekerosemins / cm The degree connectivity for water samples 2810 - 2450 Maekerosemins / cm The sample control of water was connectivity 1457 Maekerosemins / cm, for salinity, the results showed an increase in salinity of soil samples and water compared to a sample control ranged salinity in the soil between 8.92 - 1.79 g / l, while a control sample was salinity 1.438 g / l The salinity in the water was between 1.759 - 1.532 g / l The control sample was 0.907 g / l The results showed that the sample at the site (2) the degree of salinity have is higher than the rest of the other samples in soil and water. Results showed high copper for iron in the water was the highest percentage of copper in the signatories (4), (3) 0.05ppm The sample control has, (2.1) compared to a control sample, where he was between 55 - 20 mg / L, while a control sample 3.8 mg / liter, while for water Ekorh has ranged between four samples where Ekorh was water between 12.36 - 2.97 naphthalene The control sample was Ekorh water 2.1 Naphthalene. The results showed that the concentration of iron was high in most plants for copper and cadmium, as was the highest concentration of iron in the plant reeds 24 ppm as was assembled in the root zone of the plant which is within the limits permitted by the World Health Organization while the highest concentration of iron in the area of control of the plant reed it reached 17.5 ppm as it was assembled in the root also Copper was the highest concentration in the plant sergeant cock 0.89 ppm as it was assembled in the root while the focus was in control very few samples The cadmium is 0.1 ppm in all plants is within the allowable limits by the World Health Organization, while in the side anatomical has emerged is a difference between the samples studied and samples of control, as happened increase in the dimensions of the vascular bundles of the leg, as well as an increase in the thickness of the crust in the samples studied compared a sample of control as well as an increase in the thickness of the tissue foundation and a decrease in the number of packets Vascular plant roots as well as increase the thickness of the securities, an increase of pollution in the studied plants compared to a control sample..

تكامل جرعة منخفضة من مبيد الترفلان مع مخلفات زهرة الشمس في مكافحة الادغال وتحسين نمو محصول الماش لتقليل الاعتماد على المبيدات والحد من مخاطرها == Integration of Reduced Dose of Trifluralin Herbicide With Sunflower Residues For Weed Control In Mungbean Field

Author name: اﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ

Supervisor name: اﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﺍﻭﻱ

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant - Physiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Two field experiments, several greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted during the course of study to evaluate the allelopathic potential of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars on companion weeds and weeds grown in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. R. Wilczek) field alone and in combination with reduced rate herbicide, and to determine the chemical and genetical bases of allelopathic traits in the test cultivars. The aim of the first experiment was to test whether the variation in weed growth between the sunflower cultivars (Shumoose and Sin Altheeb), which was observed in the field, was due to differences in their allelopathic potential. Results showed the ability of both cultivars to reduce weed population and biomass with the superiority of Shumoose cultivar in suppression of weed density at 60 and 120 days after sowing compared to Sin Altheeb. Weed biomass was significantly reduced up to 90 and 71% by Shumoose and Sin Altheeb cultivars, respectively. Stair case experiment indicated that root exudates of Shumoose cultivar showed more suppression to weeds than Sin Altheeb giving additional evidence for the superiority of Shumoose cultivar in its allelopathic weed suppression. Chemical analysis by High performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of 9 compounds in root exudates of Sin Altheeb and 8 compounds in Shumoose, and all are Phenolic in nature. However, total of the isolated phenolics was doubled in Shumoose than in Sin Altheeb. Most of the isolated chemicals are reported to have inhibiting ability for germination and growth of plants, including weeds. Second field experiment was undertaken to explore the response of weeds and mungbean crop to soil incorporated with sunflower residues in combination with lower rate of a pre - plant herbicide (trifluralin). Sunflower residues of the two cultivars Shumoose and Sin Altheeb at 3.2 and 6.4 t ha - 1 were used either alone or in combination with trifluralin at 1.2 L ha - 1 (50% of label rate). Weedy check (control), trifluralin at full label rate (2.4 L ha - 1), and weed free treatments were also included for comparison. Plots treated with 50% of label rate of herbicide and amended with sunflower residues of cultivar Sin Altheeb recorded least weed density and dry biomass and this suppression was much greater than the residue treatments alone and more than cultivar Shumoose. Application of herbicide at 50% rate in plots amended with Sin Altheeb residue resulted yield 64 % more than with the label rate of herbicide treatment. Chromatographic analysis of sunflower amended field soil revealed the presence of several potent allelopathic compounds in the residues of both cultivars with greater quantity (355.5 µg/ml) in Sin Altheeb than in Shumoose (250.9 µg/ml). Dynamics of release, decomposition and degradation of allelochemicals into the soil showed that different compounds exhibited differential behavior for these processes. Overall quantity of allelochemicals started to increase after 2 weeks of decomposition and peaked at 4 week of decomposition (180.1 ppm) then declined sharply in their quantities thereafter. Periods indicating higher quantities of total phenolics as shown by chromatographic analysis was coincided with the periods in which higher suppressive activity against weeds grown under field conditions. Bioassay of sunflower residues decomposed in soil at different times on Echinochloa colonum L, one of the weeds dominated the mungbean field, revealed that residues of both cultivars suppressed growth of E. colonum weed. The phytotoxicity started after 2 weeks and persisted for 8 weeks. However, Sin Altheeb residues showed greater inhibition than Shumoose cultivar at the last three decomposition periods. Shumoose residues recorded appreciable reduction to the growth of test weed compared to Sin Altheeb. The effect of residues of both cultivars on chlorophyll content and ions uptake in Amaranthus retroflexus L. weed revealed that residues of both species reduced chlorophyll content of leaves and the reduction increased with the increased residue rate. Sin Altheeb cultivar residues were more inhibitory than Shumoose at the lower residue rate. In the same weed, ions uptake was significantly averted by the residues of both cultivars. P and K was significantly increased over control, while Ca, Mg an Fe were found to be decreased over control due to application of sunflower residues in soil at 8 g per kg soil. N was the only test element that did not significantly influence by the residue treatments. No significant differences were found in the test ion uptake between the test sunflower cultivars. Results of using RAPD technique on the sunflower genomic DNA revealed that all the 19 primers used in this study scored different amplification monomorphic and polymorphic bands in the tested genotypes with 12 primers generated polymorphic bands. These bands present in one cultivar and absent in another. They could be responsible for allelopathic trait or secondary compounds associated with this phenomenon. Further work is recommended to analyze the sequence of this band to find out whether it is related to allelopathic trait or not.

التنميط الجيني لفايروس التهاب الكبد نوع اي لمرضى الاصابة الحادة في محافظة المثنى - العراق == Genotyping of Hepatitis E Virus Among Patients With Acute Infection In Al - Muthanna Province / Iraq

Author name: ازهار صبري مسلم الذهبي

Supervisor name: رغد حربي مهدي العزاوي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is found worldwide. It is responsible for large outbreaks in East and South Asia. This study was carried out to identify the distribution of acute HEV infection in AlMuthanna province and then determine the genotypes responsible for the disease spreading. This is the first investigation about the occurrence of hepatitis E genotypes in Al - Muthanna province patients. The study included 270 jaundiced patients of both sexes From AlMuthanna province which included out patients in public health laboratory in Samawah city, for the period from October 2013 to June 2014. All these patients were tested for anti - HEV IgM antibodies by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In Al - Muthanna province, 72 patients (26.66 %) out of 270 patients showed positive results for anti - HEV IgM antibodies, and all those patients were tested for confirmatory test at central public health laboratories (CPHL) in Baghdad province. Those patients consist of 45 females and 27 males with age ranged between (4 - 74) years old, were all negative for routinely screened markers of Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, Ten normal healthy individuals, used as normal control in this study. This study showed that the HEV IgM is more common among younger age group (15 - 24), with a percentage of) 41.67%(, and it was higher in females (63%) than in males (37%). Highly significant differences (p ? 0.01) appeared among age groups. The levels of liver function enzymes demonstrated significant differences (p ? 0.05) in HEV patients as compared with healthy controls. The levels of Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) were (23.41 ± 12.38) mg/dl, Serum Aspartate transaminase (SAST) were (887.17 ± 9.87) U/l, Serum Alanine transaminase (SALT) were (859.91 ± 13.28) U/l, and the levels of Serum Alkaline phosphatase (SALP) were (206.56 ± 5.04) U/l higher than healthy controls (0.884 ± 0.05) mg/dl, (37.27 ± 4.58) U/l, (34.14 ± 7.63) U/l, (48.09 ± 15.42) U/l respectively. RNA was extracted from sera of positive anti - HEV IgM antibodies by using a QIAamp® Viral RNA Mini Kit. Nanodrop and Quantus™ Fluorometer instruments were used to determine the RNA yield and purity according to the standard kit protocol. High levels of RNA concentration were measured by Nanodrop and Quantus™ Fluorometer. Forty - six samples have high RNA concentration out of 72 samples were detected for genotypes I, III & IV by using Applied Biosystems Real time PCR 7500 machine. In this study, HEV type I and III were detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples by using Real Time PCR systems. Ten samples were positive for this test. Thirteen samples (56.52%) were negative for this test. The distribution percentage of genotypes I and III was (43.48%). The results appeared significant difference (P ? 0.05). Also by using the same technique (Real time PCR systems) the HEV type IV was detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples. Which included, 13 samples that recorded negative results by I & III genotypes kit and only 2 samples from it recorded positive results and 11 samples recorded negative result for HEV genotype IV. From other 10 samples, only 3 samples recorded positive result and 7 samples recorded negative result for HEV genotype IV. In a total, 5 samples were positive for HEV genotype IV and 18 samples (78.26%) were negative. So that the distribution percentage of genotype IV was (21.74%). In this study, the samples that showed negative results in both kits have not been tested for other genotypes. This study indicated that the acute HEV infection is highly endemic in Al - Muthanna province in Iraq. Genotypes I & III were the most distribution than genotype IV in patients from Al - Muthanna province in Iraq. These results suggest that the genotypes I & III are the main causative agents of sporadic HEV infection in Al - Muthanna province

تاثير بعض العوامل البيئية في مجتمع الهائمات القشرية لنهر دجلة وجزيرة بغداد السياحية - العراق == The Effect of Some Environmental Factors In Crustaceans Plankton Community of The Tigris River And The Island of Baghdad Tourist - Iraq

Author name: اعتدال فليح حسن العامري

Supervisor name: صباح فرج عبد الاحد

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Invertebrates

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the water body type on the density of crustaceans zooplankton of the cortical Cladocera and two orders of copepod (Cyclopoida, Calanoida), addition to the physical and chemical effect of lake of Baghdad Tourist Island and Tigris river within the water of the lake near the site and electric and know the effect these characterties on density of crustaceans Zooplankton and for doing this study. We choose five places, tow on Tigris river and three places on the Island in AI - Fahhama in north of Baghdad The samples of water were collected every 15 days all these stations from beginning of December 2013 to May 2014. This study had corrected the temperature of air and water and the pH, electrical conductivity. and Dissolved oxygen, BOD5, NO?¯, PO?¯ and the density of Crastaceans Zooplankton. This study showed that the temperature of the air was nearly in the river and the lake and that because of their being in the same geographs area.The temperature was between (16°c - 34°c)in Tigris while it was (11.9°c - 33°c)in the lake Hydrogen Ions, it was (7.3 - 7.9) in the river and (8.18.8)in the lake because that were a lot of water plants and phytoplankton. This study shows that water of the river and the lake in the areas of study have a good of air and that was shown by recording the heigh values of oxygen. The values of dissolved oxygen (DO) was between (8.11 - 11.5) mg\L in river between (7.9111.37)mg\L in lake and showed from the study that the values were few. It was less than 5mg\L it was (0.33 - 2.6) mg\Lin the river and (0.64 - 3.55) mg\L in the lake. The values electrical conductivity of water in all the placed the study in the permissible range the water, it isn't over than 1500?s\cm. The electrical conductively records were between (851 - 1184) ?s\cm in the river, and it was (755 1270) ?s\cm in the lake. From the other hand nutrients, the phosphor records between (0.025 - 0.0563)mg\Lin the river and in the lake between(0.00310.0429)mg\L The Nitrate records its values highs in the month of winter because of the rain and it was increased in the river, it was (0.345 - 0.9135)mg\L compare with the lake, it was (0.028 - 0.626)mg\L in the places of the study that were appearance of two clear increases in the density of Zooplankton one was in winter and the other was spring.The density of zooplankton in the lake much more than it was in the river. The density of the zooplankton belong to Cladocera between (0.019 - 0.307) ind.\L in the lake and the density of the Calnoida was between (0.003 - 0.065)ind. \L in the river and (0.0078 - 3.37) ind. \L in the lake. The results shows differences if there are changes in places and month on most of physical and chemical biological characteristic the measured during the period of this study. The kind of water body effects on most characteristics and soon the density of crustaceans zooplankton.the results of the study mention the binding morale relation between the density of zooplankton the values of electrical conductivity and value of BOD(Biological Oxygen Demand) while there isn't any morale relation between the density of zooplankton and the value of Hydrogen Ion and Nitrate and dissolved oxygen that because the value of these changes was near to be equal in all the places that eayses the reduce of its effective on the average of density of these organism. The study shows that Baghdad lake have the environmental ingredients makes the lake natural protected to forming and breeding a fish in the lakes in addition that it is a place for Tourism.

تاثير عصارة نبات البروكلي في متلازمة تعدد الاكياس المبيضية المستحدثة في الجرذ الابيض == Effect of Broccoli Plant Juice On Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome In Albino Rats

Author name: رقية احمد صالح

Supervisor name: نهلة جاسم محمد الشاهري

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The goal of present study was to investigate the benefits of broccoli as anti androgenic plant in protection and treatment for reproductive hormonal and metabolic disturbance, which combined with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Three experiments for 3 PCOS models were done. First Experiment : The prepubertal female rats at 21 days old, were injected with Testosterone (T) subcutaneously for 39 days (first model). The females of this experiment were divided into 6 groups (8 rats each) as follows : Group 1 was injected with sesame oil. Group 2 was injected with T hormone. Group 3 was injected with T hormone with orally gavaged of broccoli juice. Group 4 was injected with sesame oil, and at the end of the last injection was orally gavaged with distilled water for 30 days. Group 5 was injected with T hormone, and at the end of the last injection was orally gavaged with distilled water for 30 days. Group 6 was injected with T hormone, and at the end of the last injection was orally gavaged with broccoli juice for 30 days. Second Experiment : The prepubertal female rats at 21 days old, were injected with Letrozole (L) subcutaneously for 39 days (second model).The females of this experiment were divided into 6 groups with the same style of the first experiment. Third Experiment : it was achieved by the injection of pregnant rats prenatally (days 16 to 19 of gestation) with 1 mg of T hormone subcutaneously (third model), and then the female offspring were divided into groups (8 rats each) as follow : The first offspring group : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with sesame oil from 16th to 19th day of gestation) were orally gavaged with distilled water until 60 days of age. The second offspring group\ gavaged with distilled water : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with T hormone from 16th to 19th day of gestation) were orally gavaged with distilled water until 60 days of age. The second offspring group\ gavaged with broccoli juice : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with T hormone from 16th to 19th day of gestation) were orally gavaged with broccoli juice until 60 days of age. The third offspring group : The female rats offspring at 21 days old (their mothers were injected with T hormone from 16th to 19th day of gestation and orally gavaged with broccoli juice) were orally gavaged with distilled water until 60 days of age. Females of all groups were sacrificed after 24 hours from the last treatment to undertake weight, histological, hormonal and metabolic study for each group. the results of present study showed the symptoms that reported PCOS of the three female experiments such as ovarian cyst, hyperandrogenemia, hormonal and metabolic disturbance, etc. Also a well improvement has been noticed in all syndrome symptoms on females gavaged with broccoli juice for all three rats PCOS experiments, these results indicate that broccoli juice has got a protective and curative role against this syndrome.

دراسة بكتريولوجية لاخماج المسالك البولية للنساء الحوامل والمصابات بارتفاع ضغط الدم وداء السكري في منطقة تكريت == Bacteriological Study of Urinary Tract Infections Among Pregnant, Hypertensive, And Diabetic Women In Tikrit Region

Author name: اسراء عز الدين ابراهيم

Supervisor name: عبد الكريم فتاح عمر

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: النساء المتزوجات والحوامل والنساء المصابات بداء السكري وضغط الدم المرتفع ومدى مقاومتها للمضادات الحيوية لقد اشتملت الدراسة على 411 عينة ادرار من المريضات المراجعات لمستشفى تكريت التعليمي و100 عينة ادرار كمجموعة ضابطة للفترة من تشرين الثاني2008 ولغاية ايلو | This study aimed to isolate and identify the bacterial causative agents of urinary tract infections among married, pregnant, diabetic and hypertensive women and to determine the susceptibility of isolated bacteria to different antibiotics. The study included 411 urine samples for women attended to Tikrit Teaching Hospital, besides 100 urine samples used as a control group. The study carried out for the period from November 2008 to September 2009.E. coli was the most isolated bacteria at the rate of 31.8 % from married women followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus 18.18 % and Staphylococcus aureus 15.90%. In the pregnant women, S. saprophyticus was the most isolated bacteria 48.10 % followed by E. coli 20.25 % and S. aureus 12.65 %, and in the diabetic women, S. saprophyticus was the common isolated bacteria 32.07 % followed by E. coli 28.30 % and S. epidermidis 15.09 %. In the hypertensive women, S. saprophyticus 30.35% was the common isolated bacteria followed by E. coli 25.0% and S. aureus 19.64 %. In the case of diabetic pregnant women, and in the hypertensive pregnants S. saprophyticus was the most isolated bacteria, (80 % and 75 % respectively), while E. coli 44.4% was the common isolated bacteria among the diabetic hypertensive women. Out of all isolates, S. saprophyticus 35.13 % came in the first rank followed by E. coli 26.64% and S. aureus 12.74% while Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia odorifera (0.38% for each of them) were the lowest isolates. Urinary tract infection was common among urban patients 57.49%.The isolated bacteria showed different susceptibility to the antibiotics used in this study. S. saprophyticus isolates showed high sensitivity to Amikacin, Nitrofuratoin and Cefolaxime (the resistance rate for these antibiotics were 11 %, 12.1 % and 12.1 % respectively). While these isolates showed high resistance to Streptomycin 76.9 %, Nalidixic acid 67 % and Cephalexin 69.29 %. E. coli isolates showed low resistance rate to Amikacin 9.28 %, Ciprofloxacin 10.1 %, whereas showed high resistance rate to Cephalexin 47. %, Streptomycin 84 % and Ampicillin 82.6 %. The isolates of S. aureus showed low resistance to Ciprofloxacin 18.2 %, Carbencillin 18.2 % and Amikacin 15.2 % and high resistance for Ampicillin 18.8 %, Nalidixic acid 75.8 % and Cephalexin 72.79 %. Other isolated bacteria showed a different percentages of susceptibility to antibiotics Serratia odorifera, Proteus vulgaris and Enterococcus faecalis showed a significant resistance to antibiotics, while S. epidermidis isolates showed low percentages of resistance to Ciprofloxacin 9.1 %, Amikacin 18.2 % and Gentamicin 9.1 %. For S. saprophyticus the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) resulted from Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Cefotaxime were 8 - 32, 8 - 64 and 4 - 8 ?g/ml, and for E. coli the MIC results were 2, 8 - 16 and 16 - 64 ?g/ml. The MIC results were 2 - 8, 8 - 128, 32 - 256 ?g/ml for S. aureus, while the MIC results were 8 - 32, 16 - 64 and 16 - 128 ?g/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae.

التحري الجزيئي عن النمط الثالث لداء السكري البادئ عند النضج (MODY 3) في مرضى السكري العراقيين == Molecular Investigation of Maturity Onset Diabetes of The Young Type 3 (MODY 3) In Iraqi Diabetic Patients

Author name: اسراء عدنان ابراهيم البغدادي

Supervisor name: نورية عبد الحسين علي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: شملت الدراسة 63 مريضا مصابا بداء السكري غير المناعي المنشا في اعمار مبكرة من ذوي التاريخ العائلي بالاصابة بمرض السكري ممن لايعانون البدانة الذين تم اختيارهم من مرضى السكري من مراجعي المركز التخصصي لامراض الغدد الصم والسكري في الرصافة/ بغداد للفترة من ايار | This study included 63 non obese patients having early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes selected from diabetic patients attended the specialized center of endocrinology and diabetes at Alrusafa/ Baghdad during period from the begging of May 2011 till the end of February 2013. The demographic study revealed that there is no association between the disease incidence with neither the gender nor the blood group. But there is a significant difference in the distribution of the patients according to age of the first diagnosis and gender, as the study showed that majority of male patients (53.846%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia below the age of 20 while the majority of females (72.972%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia after the age of 20.The distribution of patients according to the type of treatment also reveled association between the gender and both age of diagnosis and type of treatment of the hyperglycemia as the study showed that there is a higher percent of male patients (80.768%) using insulin at the beginning of their diagnosis with hyperglycemia or transferred later to insulin than those of females (67.565%).The present study reported for the first time in Iraq the presence of monogenic diabetes (maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3) as major cause of diabetes within non obese diabetic patients' early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes. The sequence analysis of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1? gene showed that Iraqis have mutational hot spot at exons 3 and 4 of this gene responsible for maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3, and that mutations in the promoter region or exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 are a rare cause of diabetes.

دراسات وراثية خلوية ومظهرية لثلاثة انواع من شبوطيات المياه العذبة العراقية (Barbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomus, Chondrostoma regius) == Three Species of Iraqi Freshwater Cyprinidaes (Barbus Luteus, Cyprinion Macrostomus, Chondrostoma Regius)

Author name: اسماء سامي ابراهيم

Supervisor name: ندى عبد المجيد الانصاري | طه ياسين الدوري

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: zoology - Genetics

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف على الطراز الكروموسومي ونظام تحديد الجنس والتمييز بين الجنسين مظهريا في ثلاثة انواع من اسماك المياه العذبة العراقية ممثلة بسمكة الحمري Barbus luteus والبنيني كبير الفم macrostomus Cyprinionوالبلعوط الملوكي Chondrostoma regius | These present studies were carried out to determine the karyotypes & the system of sex determination between the two sexes as well as the sexual morphological characteristics of three species of Iraqi fresh water fish Barbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomus, & Chondrostoma regius that were fished from Tigris river at Baghdad during 2005. The cytogenetic studies revealed that the chromosome number of Barbus luteus is 2n = 148 & the karyotype of males is (80m + 52sm + 16st) while the females has (80m + 51sm + 17st). The chromosome number of Cyprinion macrostomus is 2n = 50 the males has (6m + 24sm + 12st + 8t) while the females has (6m + 23sm + 13st + 8t). The chromosome number of Chondrostoma regius is 2n = 48 and the karyotype is (14m + 30sm + 4st). Sex chromosomes were identified in Barbus luteus & in Cypinion macrostomus for the first time , the sex is determined by ZZ / ZW system, the female was considered as heterogametic (ZW) while the male was considered as homogametic (ZZ) , & the chromosome Z was represented as submetacentric chromosome & chromosome W as small subtelocentric chromosome. In spite of the difference in their chromosome number , the ratio between red blood cell diameter & it's nucleus was approximated in these species. The differences among these species in both of the diameter of cell and the nucleus didn't match with the differences at the polyploidy levels or with the difference in chromosome number within the same level. The liver & intestine were recommended as new sources for chromosomal studies , because of the good ratio of dividing cells (71.4 % & 58.2 %) respectively from the whole dividing cells in kidney that was considered as a control. The crude aqueous extract of fresh convolvulus arvensis leaves showed good effect in arresting the cell division of fish at metaphase , the concentration (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, ) mg / gm arrested kidney cells of carp fish at the metaphase in ratios 71.1 % , 88.1 % , 94 % respectively from the colchicines treated kidney cells (control). Positive significance correlation was found (r = 0.9518) between the percentages of arrested cells at metaphase & the concentrations of crude extract. Comparison between the females and males of the three species revealed that in Barbus luteus the distance from head edge to the anal orifice & from head edge to the dorsal fin were larger in males than females. The females have dark colored fins with reddish ventral aspect of head & body in comparison with the males during the whole months of study. So , they were considered as permanently sexual dimorphism characteristics. But , during the spawning seasons (May & June ) a more brighting color of male with reddish coloration of both sides of body were noticed in comparison with female with a golden orange corneal coloration in both sexes. Thus, they were considered as temporary sexual dimorphism characteristics. In Cyprinion macrostomus the distance from the head edge to the anal orifice was larger in females than males. The colors of anal & caudal fins were darker in females than in males during the whole monthes of study.So , they were considered as perminantly sexual dimorphism characteristics. While, during the spawning seasons ( May , June , July & August) , the gill operculum was of orange color only in male that extend to the end of pectoral fin. So , this was considered as a temporary sexual dimorphism characteristic. In Chondrostoma regius the distance from the head edge to the dorsal fin & from the dorsal to caudal fin as well as the pectoral fin base length were larger in females than in males during the whole months of study it was considered that they are permanently sexual dimorphism characteristics. Differential characteristics were not noticed during the spawning season (February & March). The permanently sexual dimorphism & the general characteristics were not affected by the differences of standard length , weight , age & season , because they were observed in fishes of different lengths , weights & ages & during the months of study 2005. But , the seasons affect the development of temporary characteristics in Barbus luteus & Cyprinion macrostomus , because these characteristics were observed during the spawning season only. Aging of Barbus luteus was accompanied by growth increase as indicated by the mean of standard length during May , July, August, September & December & by the mean of weight during May , August, September, October & December. A positive correlation was found between standard length & weight during the months of study , with the exception of January. While aging of Cyprinion macrostomus & Chondrostoma regius was not accompanied by growth increase as indicated by the means of standard length & weight , but a positive correlation between standard length & weight was found during the studied months. Same growth type were observed in the three species of fish , it was allometric in two sexes.

تاثير مستخلصات المركبات التربينية والقلوانية والفينولية الخام لنبات الزريج Chrozophora tinctoria L. في بعض جوانب الاداء الحياتي لحشرة الذبابة المنزلية Musca domestica L.(Diptera : Muscidae) مع عزل وتشخيص المركبات الفعالة باستعمال تقنية الكروموتوغرافيا الس == The Effect of Crude Extract For, Terpenoids Alkaloids And Phenolic Compounds of Chrozophora Tinctoria L. On Some Biological Aspects of House Fly Musca Domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae) And Isolation And Identification of Active Compounds By Using High Per

Author name: اسيل كريم جبار السلطاني

Supervisor name: هادي مزعل خضير الربيعي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت سلسلة من التجارب المختبرية في مختبر بيئة الحشرات/كلية العلوم للبنات/جامعة بابل خلال عام 2014 - 2015 تضمنت اختبار فعالية مستخلصات المركبات التربينية والقلوانية والفينولية الخام لنبات الزريج Chrozophora tinctoria في بعض معايير الاداء الحياتي لحشرة الذ | A series of laboratory experiment were conducted in the laboratory of insect /college of Science for women /University of Babylon during the year 2014 - 2015 The present study conducted to evaluate the activity of crude extract of Terpenoid, Alkaliod and Phenolic compounds of Chrozophora tinctoria on some biological aspect of Musca domestica and histological study for effect crude phenolic compound on ovaries as well as isolation and identifaction of active compounds in these extracts.The extract of crude terpenoid compound was more effective than crude alkaloid and phenolic compound in different critirra of biological perphormance. The mortality rates of eggs in the extract of terpenoid alkaloid and phenolic compound at concentration 1mg/ml were (90, 63.7, 39.6)? respectively compared with (0.4, 0.8, 0.8)% in the control tretmentsThe mortality rate of first larval instar was (57.64, 57.00, 26.85)% respectively when treated with crude terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds at concentration 1mg/ml compared with (0.8, 0.8, 0.8)% in the control treatment.The mortality rate of pupae was 18.06% when treated with crude terpenoid extract at concentration 1mg/ml compared with 0.4% in the control treatment. The cumulative mortality rates of immature stage when treated with crude terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compound were (100, 100, 42) % at concentration 1mg/ml compared with (15, 14, 12)% at the control treatment.Developmental period of immature stage was 36.6 days when treated with crude alkaloid extract at 0.25 mg/ml compared with 10.2 days in the control treatment.The pupal weight and female productivity were reduced from 0.1gm, 122.6 egg/female in control treatment to 0.556 gm, 0 egg/female respectively when treated with crude alkaloid extract at 0.25 mg/mlThe different concentration of crude terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compound were effective in the performance of eggs deposition, the nummber of eggs decreases in crude extract terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds at the concentration in same space was (0) egg/femal for all extracts at concentrion 1mg/ml comparted with (117, 118, 106) egg/femal in the control treatment, while was (0) egg/femel when treated in different concentration of terpenoid, alkaloid alone of consentration 1mg/ml compared with (120, 122) egg/femel in the control treatment.The number of eggs was (37) egg/femel when treated with phenolic compounds at same concentration compared with (120) egg/femel in the control treatment.The study included the effect extracts activity for crude phenolic at concentration 1mg/ml in histological structure for insect overies, The length and diameter of ovary and ovares follicles at (24, 96) houres after emergency while the length and diameter of ovary was (625, 468.75)µm respectively at 24 houre at concentration 1mg/ml compared with (652.173, 565.217)µm in the overy of femel in the control treatment. The length and diameter of ovaries follicles were (116.66, 72.22)µm respectively in the femel overy for control treatment, while was not distingwish for follicles female which were produced from treatment. while in (96) hour after emergency the length and dimeter of ovary (1114.285, 971.428)µm respectively when treated with extract compard with (1688.88, 1481.48)µm for overy of female in control treatment.Isolation and identification of active compounds in the crude extract of terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds, of Chrozophora tinctoria by using high performance liquid chromatography (H.P.L.C), Five compounds isolated from crude terpenoid extract was Teter methyl hydrazine compound which had retention time(1.333) mintue which was the first compound, while seven compounds isolated from phenolic compounds The gallic acid compound had retention time 1.34 mintue, which was the first compound isolation.Two compounds were isolated from crude alkaloid compounds which were berberine and isoquinoline, berberine compound had retention time 2.51 mintue which was more concentration than other compound.

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض اجناس العائلة المركبة Asteraceae في العراق == Taxonomical Study of Some Genera From Asteraceae In Iraq

Author name: اشواق فالح خزعل العجيلي

Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: تناول هذا البحث دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لستة اجناس تعود للعائلة المركبة Asteraceae وهي Chrysanthemum L. وGazinia وGerbera وLeontodon L. وTagetes L. وZinnia L. وتميز كل جنس من تلك الاجناس المذكورة باحتوائه على نوع واحد فقط في العراق وهيL. Chrysanthemum coro | The present investigation comprises systematic study for six genera belong to Asteraceae as follow : Chrysanthemum L., Gazinia, Gerbera, Leontodon L., Tagetes L. and Zinnia L. Each genus of those genera described as containing only one species in Iraq, Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Gazinia splendens Gaertn, Gerbera jamisoni F.Gmel, Leontodon laciniatus L., Tagetes patula L. and Zinnia elegans L. respectively. The study was conducted in the laboratory research of plant taxonomy / College of Science women / Babylon university for the period January 2015 until August 2015.The study included morphological, anatomical, palynological and chemical characteristics as well as numerical taxonomy have been done for all species. The importance of taxonomic to studying variations in roots, stems, leaves, inflorescences, involucre bracts, flowering and fruiting parts and Indumentum were discussed. Results showed that many of the vegetative and reproductive characters have the importance taxonomic value for isolating genus from each other such as presence and absence of the stem and the nature of the basal and cauline leaves in addition the present of leafy stipule as well as the nature of Indumentum.Anatomical characters of leaves epidermises and the cross section of the stem, leaf blade, petiole and peduncles, in addition leaves venation have been studied and their taxonomic importance were assessed.The study also found the pollen grain was tricolporate in general, but the presence of spine or not had an important taxonomic to isolate Gerbera jamisoni by smooth surface compared to the rest of the species, while possible to isolate Gazinia splendens and Leontodon laciniatus by the presence of the bridges in pollen surface. On the other hand it has been the study of chemical content in each of the leaves and flowering heads of the species studied using Gas Chromatography technique (GC) to detect the terpenoid compounds, The presence of compound Nerolidol, Terpinolene in the species.. Gerbera jamisoni, Zinnia elegans emphasized the importance taxonomic chemical content at the level of species and genera.The species were numerically treated on the basis of number of selected characteristic from various studies to obtain the similarity and differences ranges between different species. Dendrogram was drawn for this purpose. As a result of preceding observation this study confirmed the diagnosis of six genera within Asteraceae family in Iraq. Finally all the taxa were treated taxonomically, and the key was prepared for all the taxa studied.

Author name: مرتضى عادل الشامي

Supervisor name: محفوظة عباس عمران | احمد مجيد الشمري

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

التحري عن عوامل الضراوة لبكتيريا اشيريشيا القولون المعزولة من المرضى المصابين بالتهاب المجاري البولية وقياس نمط بعض الحركيات الخلوية لديهم == Detection of Virulence Factors of Escherichia Coli Bacteria Which Isolated From Patient With Urinary Tract Infection And Measuring Some Cytokines In Them

Author name: رواء ماجد محمد البو صالح

Supervisor name: ميثم غالي يوسف

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD.pdf

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة جمع 100 عينة من اعمار مختلفة للمرضى المصابين بالتهاب المجاري البولية الذين راجعوا مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي ومستشفى الولادة والاطفال في مدينة الديوانية , خلال المدة من تشرين الثاني 2012 الى نيسان 2013 للتحري عن بكتيريا Escherichia coli ا | groups of patient with pyelonephritis, whose visited Al - Dewaniya teaching and Woman s and children hospital in Al - Dewaniya city during the period from November 2012 to April 2013 for detection the isolates of Escherichia coli. The results showed that 56% of bacterial isolates were E.coli and 44% isolates belonged to others bacterial types. These results indicated that the females were more infected 67.86%(38\56) with pyelonephritis than the males 32.41(18\56). Always our result were pointed that the age of 30 - 39 old years have beeninfected with pyelonephritis and present the high percentage infection 30.36% comparison with others age groups (1 - 9, 10 - 19, 20 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 - 69, 70 - 79) , with percentage of (1.79%, 7.14%, 14.29%, 30.36%, 19.64%, 10.71%, 12.50%, 3.57%) respectively. The resistance of E.coli isolates to the four generation of Cephalosporin antibiotics were showed the following state : - The first generation of Cephalosporin antibiotic were indicated to Cephalothin 76.6%, Cefazolin 71.4%, Cephlexin 69.7% and Cephadroxil 66.1%. - The second generation of Cephalosporin antibiotic were indicated to Cefaclor 59.0%, Cefonicid 60.8%, Cefprozil 50.0%, Cefoxitin 64.2% and Cefmetazole 55.3%. - The third generation of Cephalosporin antibiotic were indicated to Ceftriaxone 32.2%, Cefotaxim 35.7%, Ceftazidim 37.5%, Cefixim 42.9%, Cefdinir 35.7% and Ceftizoxim 30.4%. - The fourth generation of Cephalosporin antibiotic were consisting of one antibiotic only like Cefepime with percentage of 39.3% The results concerned the virulence factors genes showed that the gene irp2 witch responsible for taking the iron from the blood, whereas the gene pap responsible for the production of P - type Pilli, afa gene responsible for the production fimbriae, iha gene responsible for production of capsule and the gene tst responsible for toxic shock. The result of PCR for the E.coli DNA showed that all the thirty isolates of this bacteria contain the gene irp2, while the others genes pap, afa, hly, and iha were presented the following percentage 36.6%, 30.0%, 96.6% and 10.0%respectively, whereas the gene tst didn’t recorded any isolates concerting. So in this study was to measure immune factors related to the urinary tract infection is in general and pyelonephritis in specially, has been measure some of cytokines which (Interleukin - 8, Interleukin - 6, Tumor necrosis factor - ?), they found increase in these factors in sera of patients with pyelonephritis compared to healthy persons.

تاثير التلوث البيئي على بعض النباتات النامية في مناطق ملوثة بالعناصر الثقيلة في محافظة نينوى == The Effect of Environmental Pollution On Some Plants Growing In Polluted Sites By Heavy Metals In The Province of Nenivah

Author name: حسين صابر محمد علي الراشدي

Supervisor name: يحيى داؤد وهب المشهداني | خليل ابراهيم بندر النعيمي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution

Degree: Doctorate

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في جامعة الموصل / كلية التربية /قسم علوم الحياة، لتحديد بعض المناطق الملوثة بالعناصر الثقيلة (Cu, Zn, Cd) في محافظة نينوى، وتاثيرها على النمو والقيمة الغذائية وتراكمها في الاجزاء المختلفة للانواع النباتية المختلفة المزروعة في هذه المواقع | this study is conducted in the University of Mosul - College of Education department of biology to identify some of the areas polluted with heavy metals (cu, zn, cd) in the Province of Nineveh, and their effect upon the growth and the nutrition value and its accumulation within the different planted species in these areas. Furthermore, the effect of soil treatment with cadmium, zinc, and copper have been studied with different concentration on the physiology growth and response and the nutritious value of the safflower, fenugreek, coriander, and flares and its ability to accumulate the heavy metals in its different parts as a technique of treating polluted soil with heavy elements through plants.The results showed that the upper Maximum recorded value of cadmium and copper in the soil of Hawi ALkanisa area reached 1.509, 15.900 mg/kg soil respectively and zinc in the soil of Hamam Alaleel area which reached 181.470 mg/kg.The most polluted area with heavy metals was Hawi ALkanisa, Alshora, Hamam Alaleel and Aldanadan in comparison with the other areas and this affected negatively on the growth and nutrient value of vegetables (Malva sylvestris, Beta vulgaris, Apium graveolens, Menthae piperitae, Raphanus saltivus, and Lepidium sativum) planted within these area where it had been noticed the decrease of these plants growth and its neutrinos value with respect to plants content of nutritious mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, and sodium with concentration of proteins and carbohydrate and the occurring of an increase in the concentrations of heavy metals (cu, zn, cd) in the different plant parts in comparison with the growing plants in other less polluted areas.It became clear that the most resistant plants to the effects of these elements was the Raphanus sativus which belongs to the plant family Cruciferae known of its role in removing and treating polluted soil with heavy metals.The study in the plastic greenhouse showed that soil treatment with cadmium within concentrations (1, 2, 3) mg/kg and with zinc in concentrations (150, 300, 450) mg/kg and with copper in concentrations (50, 100, 150) mg/kg of soil caused decreasing the growth of safflower, fenugreek, coriander, and flares plants, and decreasing its protein, carbohydrate, and potassium concentration in the different plant parts. Moreover, it caused increasing peroxidaes and Superoxide dismutase enzymes in the Shoot and increasing heavy metals concentration in the different plant (the Shoot and Root group and grains)of the four plants.Also increasing these elements concentration was directly proportional with increase concentration in soil, and the study showed that the most tolerant plants for elements effect was safflower in comparison with the other plants.

دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لانواع الجنس Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) في وسط وشمال العراق == Comparative Taxonomical Study of The Genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) In Mid And North of Iraq

Author name: محمد عدنان هاشم ال ابليش

Supervisor name: طالب عويد الخزرجي | عقيل حسين العاصي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Doctorate

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: تضمن البحث الحالي دراسة مقارنة مظهرية وتشريحية وكيميائية ووراثية لثمانية انواع تابعة للجنس Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) في وسط وشمال العراق هي H.bacciferum Forssk., H.ellipticum Ledeb. H.europaeum L., H.lasiocarpium Fisch., H.noeanum Boiss., H.ramosissi | The current research study is a comparative morphological, anatomical, chemical, genetical of the genus Heliotropium in mid and north of Iraq between eight species belonging to the genus of the family Boraginaceae, and the study included some morphological characteristic of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers (calyx, corolla, stamens, pistils), inflorescence, fruits and pollen grain shows that there are clear differences between the species under study. The study included aspects of anatomy and the differences included the qualities of epidermis leaf and stem and stomata as well as study transverse sections of roots, stems, leaves and petiole and peduncle, fruits, Nutlets and seeds, also studied the system of Venation in the leaf where he studied the type of venation as well as study the direction of midrib, thickness, branching as well as the study of secondary veins, Arrangement, Aerioles and Veinlets that showed clear differences between species.The study showed that pollen grains in the species are Tricolporate in all species except H.bacciferum it contains four grooves and pollen grains of contain Psaudotricolporate found in all species except H.lasiocarpium was completely absent of false grooves have distinguished this species by this character, showed the study of pollen grain Psaudotetracolporate in species H.bacciferum only and did not appear in the rest of the species. the study noted that there are variations evident in the two axes equatorial and polar as well as in the length of the groove, width, the rate of the thickness of the wall of pollen grain, the rate of diameter germination aperture in all species. The study showed clear difference between species in dimensions of upper and lower epidermis leaf, as well as a study stomata index on the surfaces of upper and lower leaves where show that all species were the lower surface more than the upper surface in density of stomata and Trichomes were studied in all parts of plants under study it was observed that there is variation in the distribution of hair and their locations as well as the lengths of hairs and thickness of the walls and shape of apex and base. Studied species in pathway of photosynthesis showed that two species are C4 plants H.noeanum, H.suaveolens either species H.bacciferum, H.ramosissimum, H.lasiocarpium was belong of intermediate C3 - C4 species while the rest were from C3 plants after analysis qualities and similarities of these qualities were very important to isolate the species from each other because present of bundle sheath, thickness of leave in cross section, thickness of cuticle, thickness of chlorenchyma and collenchymas tissues, frequency of stomata and it distribution, the number of aerioles and veinlets density and size. Has also been studying the chemical content of alkaloids and found that there are six alkaloids isolated for the first time from inflorescences for plants belonging to the genus Heliotropium were isolated using the technique liquid chromatography for identified six alkaloids compounds (indicine and supinine, indicine - N - oxide, heleurine, heliotrine and lindelofidine), which included the study of compounds Alkaliods type, concentration and percentage and the pyrrolizidine alkaloids that have a biological importance of cure tumors and cancers. The study showed high percentage of heliotrine in four species of Heliotropium H.bacciferum, H.ramosissimum, H.europaeum, H.noeanum were (48%, 54%, 51%, 54%) while heleurine was high percentage in two species H.suaveolens, H.supinum were (33%, 56%), while the study showed lower percentage of indicine - N - oxide in three species H.ramosissimum, H.noeanum, H.supinum were (2%, 4%, 1%). The current research identified for the first time on the content of the Glycosides from inflorescences in eight species of Heliotropium from mid and north of Iraq. These species are H.bacciferum, H.ellipticum H.europaeum, H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum, H.ramosissimum, H.suaveolens, H.supinum by using the liquid phase chromatography diagnosis of six compounds (heliotrope, isopyrrolidine, isorhamnetin, naringenin, quercetein, triterpene) results showed that plant species studied vary their content of these compounds, with absent of naringenin in the species H.noeanum while absent of triterpene in species H.ellipticum, H.europaeum, H.supinum. They also showed the studied differences in concentrations glycosides and percentage of species as shown H.europaeum, H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum, H.ramosissimum, H.supinum, H.suaveolens lower concentrations (12 - 37 mg / ml) and percentages (1 - 9%) for quercetein compared to the rest of the species studied and the species H.europaeum, H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum, , H.supinum, H.suaveolens were higher concentrations (99 - 442 mg / ml) and percentages (26 - 51 %) for heliotrope compared to other species. These results indicate the possibility of the adoption of the content glycosides for inflorescence criterion for the separation between species as well as use for medical purposes, especially pyrolizidine and isopyrrolidine important in the treatment of tumors and cancer. Studied the genetic variation through the study of random variation indicators RAPD for eight species of the genus Heliotropium, and using 14 primer showed variation between the species under study and were divided into two groups are : 1. Group A : Included only two species H.bacciferum, H.ramosissimum where the genetic distance between these two species (0.249) where the two species are similar in genetic traits and genetic content in the absence of many bands of the primers and appear in the other. 2. Group B : Included six species of the genus Heliotropium under study and was less genetic distance between H.ellipticum, H.europaeum where (0.105) and this is a great similarity in appearance bands between the two species in some of primers, then the following two species were also two other, where he was the closest genetic distance between the two species H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum where (0.153) and was very close two species of H.ellipticum, H.europaeum were was (0.125). The data were analyzed and characteristics after into the program (NTSYSpc) to study morphological and anatomical, chemical, genetic and find a genetic distance inter - species on the basis of similarity So was isolated species to groups and based on a large number of morphological characteristics and anatomical, chemical, genetic possible distinguish species from each other and show the variation at the level of species belonging to the genus Heliotropium.

دراسة ادلة التنوع الاحيائي لتقييم مجتمع العوالق الحيوانية في نهر الكوفة - العراق == A Study of Biodiversity Indices To Assessment The Zooplankton Community In The Kuffa River - Iraq

Author name: حسين عليوي حسن الكرعاوي

Supervisor name: مهند رمزي نشات

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Invertebrates

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة على نهر الكوفة في وسط العراق والتي هدفت الى التعرف على التنوع الاحيائي للعوالق الحيوانية من خلال قيم بعض ادلة التنوع الاحيائي وكذلك والتعرف على نوعية المياه من خلال قياس بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه النهر وكذلك من خلال قيم دل | The Present study was carried out on the AL - Kuffa River in the middle of Iraq to know biodiversity of zooplankton by through some of biodiversity indices values and to know water quality by through measurement some physical and chemical characteristics of water as well as by through the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) values. The samples of the study have been collected monthly for water and zooplankton for the period from March 2012 till February 2013 at four selected stations in the river; the first is located in Al - Kufel city, the second in Al - Kuffa city, the third in Aboskeer city and the four after Al - Mushkab city. The study was achieved by measurement of some physical and chemical properties of water were analyzed based on the importance of these parameters the parameters studied included Air temperature, water temperature, pH, water current velocity, turbidity, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, percentage of saturation, biological oxygen demand, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphat, phosphate and nitrate. The study also included biological aspects using density, Rrelative abundance index (Ra), Constancy index (S), Species richness index (D), Shanon - Weiner index (H), Species uniformity index (E) and Jaccard presence - community were also employed to determine the values of species composition, density and zooplankton biodiversity in the study area. The results showed clear consensus from air temperature and water temperature in all study locations.Air and water temperature ranged from 6 to 41 ?C and 7 to 34?C respectively, the Water current velocity values were fluctuated according to the different water levels during the study period and ranged from 0.19 to 0.71 m/sec, while the (TSS) values were low and ranged from 3.54 to 52.05 mg/l, and turbidity 1.69 to 55.76 NTU, the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged was ranged from 7.1 to 8.7, The electrical conductivity values varied from 810 to 1810 ?s/cm, according to the values of salinity 0.51 to 1.158 ‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, (TDS) showed medium values ranged from 440.4 to 977 mg/l. This study showed that river were well oxygenated the dissolved oxygen values ranged from 5.5to12.2mg/l and high percentage of saturation recorded from 72 to 148 %, The study recorded values to the BOD5 were ranged from 0.9 to 6.4 mg/l.The study showed that the water of the river was classified as slight alkaline and bicarbonate ions were dominant throughout the study period according to the values of total alkalinity from110 to 210 mg CaCo3/l, and the river water classified as very hard according to the total hardness values from 237.9 to 538.2 mg CaCo3 /l., While the concentrations of calcium and magnesium were from 73.19 to134.1 and from10.46 to 55.59 mgCaCO3/L respectively, The chlorid and sulfate values were from117.6 to 244.5 mg/l and136.9 to 528.14mg/l respectively, The nutrients showed clear fluctuation in their concentrations, nitrate values were varied from 3.55to36.43?g/l and phosphate values were from 0.15 to 2.89 ?g/L.. In the current study about 164 Taxonomic units of zooplankton were identified, the rotifer was dominate group including 92 taxa to rotifera, 35 taxa belonging to cladocera and 37 taxa to copepod. The Zooplankton showed high density in river 29470 ind /m3 during April 2012 while lower1100 ind/m3 in December 2012 also the rotifer recorder density from 425 to 17925 ind/m3, cladocera density from 25 to 4850 ind/m3 and copepod density from 300 to 15450 ind/m3 the high values were in spring and autumn while lowest values were recorded in summer and winter. The results of relative abundance index showed that the species rotifera : Keratella cochlearis, K.valga, Euchlanis delatata while the cladocera Alona rectangular, Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus, Simocephalus vetulus and the copepods : nauplii were more abundant in the kuffa river. also the results of Constancy index showed fourteen taxa belonged to zooplankton which were considered "Constant" at stations However the other taxonomy units varied from "accessory" and "accidental" taxonomy units in study stations he Values of the index of Species richness of Rotifer varied from 3.42 to18.26 and Cladocera varied from 0.9 to8.13 and Copepod from1.46 to 6.13 with greatest values were recorded in April While lower values in September and June The highest percentage of similarity 70.58% for Zooplankton were reported from stations 3 and 4 in and lowest similarity reaching 50.30% from stations 2 and 3. the Shanon - Weiner index of total Zooplankton varied from 1.81 to 4.13 bit/ind while the Shanon index of Rotifer from 1.85 to 3.78 bit/Ind, Cladocera varied from 0.001 to 3.03 bit/Ind and Copeoda varied from 0.35 to 2.71 bit/Ind with greatest values were recorded in April 2012 and September 2012 While lower values in and June 2012 and January 2013, The uniformity index of Rotifer varied from 0.01 to 0.9, Cladocera from 0.01to 1 and Copeoda from 0.14 to 0.88 These high values indicate that there is no ecological stress on zooplankton in the study area. The results of the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for aquatic life showed that the water quality of River Kuffa in the study area obtained good to marginal level (90.93 - 62.76) the highest value was recorded at station 1 through April 2012 and lowest value was recorded at station 2 through July 2012

التغيرات الفسلجية لضربين من الباميا Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench بتاثير حامض الدبال والزولفاست == Physiological Changes To Varieties of Okra Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench By Effect of Humic Acid And Zolfast

Author name: ندى سالم عزيز الموسوي

Supervisor name: عبد الامير علي ياسين

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant - Physiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: نفذت هذه الدراسة في كلية الزراعة/ جامعة القادسية خلال المدة من 10/4/2011 حتى 15/10/2011. الهدف منها دراسة الاستجابة لضربين من الباميا (الحسيناوية والبتيرة) لطريقتي اضافة حامض الدبال ومستحضر الزولفاست (الرش الورقي ومع ماء الري) وبتركيزين لكل منهما (الموصى | This study was conducted in Agriculture College, AL - Qadisiya University during the period of 10/4/2011 till 15/10/2011. The aim of the study was studying response of two okra varieties (Al - Husenawyia and Al - Pteira) humic acid and zolfast application methods (foliar and addition to irrigation water) and this concentration (recommended and doubled) on growth and productivity as well as leaf mineral and fruit medicinal active constituents.The humic acid and zolfast formulas were added by the use of hand sprayer or with irrigation water with the recommended and doubled concentrations for humic acid and zolfast as foliar spraying were 1 ml.L - 1 and 2 ml.L - 1 if doubled respectively while when used with irrigation water 4.8 ml.L - 1 and 9.6 ml.L - 1 if double for humic acid 7.2 and 14.4 ml.L - 1 for zolfast if doubled.The design of the experiment was Randomized complete blocks in a factorial arrangement (2×2×5) in three replications. The RLSD at 0.05 was used as a method to compare means separation treatment effect was evident. The results showed : 1 - Al - Husenawyia variety was superior in total leaf area, vegetative fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights, P% and content addition to specific leaf weight, relative growth rate, fruit length, number of fruit/plant, fruits yield compared to Al - Pteira. Percentage of protein, carbohydrates, total soluble solids, caprylic, lauric saturated fatty acids and all the unsaturated fatty acids. Mucilage, folic acid and oil refractive index were also higher with Al - Husenawyia compared to Al - Pteira had higher stem diameter, fruit fresh and dry weight, K%, boron content and percentage of saturated fatty acids (Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic, Arachidic and Behinic). Ca% was the same for both cultivars.2 - Foliar application method of humic acid and zolfast showed beneficial effect on and all parameters studies except root fresh and dry weight and percentage of saturated fatty acids increased with irrigation water (except Lauric acid which was increased with foliar application). Methods of application did not affect stem diameter, Ca% in leaves and fruit total soluble solids.3 - Although the double recommended concentrations of humic acid and Zolfast reduced saturated fatty acids significantly their recommended concentration lowered saturated fatty acids (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic, Arachidic and Behinic) compared to control treatment. Percentage of fiber was lower with the use of zolfast compared to humic acid and control. While K% was lowered when zolfast used in the double recommended concentration. No significant difference were found between the recommended concentrations of humic acid or zolfast in stem diameter, total leaf area, relative growth rate, vegetative dry weight, root dry weight, P%, Ca%, boron content, fruit length, number of fruit/ plant, fruit dry weight, mucilage, carbohydrates%, folic acid, oil%, percentage of saturated fatty acids (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic and Arachidic) and unsaturated fatty acids (Oleic and Linoleic) and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids/saturated.4 - The interaction between cultivars and methods of application revealed that foliar application of both humic acid and zolfast reduced saturated fatty acid (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic and Arachidic) significantly of both cultivars, compared to their addition to irrigation.5 - The interaction between cultivars and substances of application (humic acid and zolfast concentrations revealed that both cultivars had different response in some traits of studied to applied concentrations of humic and zolfast. Al - Husenawyia variety had higher vegetative fresh weight, root dry weight and fruit of mucilage content with the double recommended humic acid. While Al - Pteira variety had higher TSS% and Lauric acid% when used the double recommended concentration of zolfast.6 - The interaction between methods of application and concentrations of application substances showed superior effect on some studied parameters. Foliar application method was superior on addition to irrigation application with all concentrations except root fresh and dry weight and saturated fatty acids% (except Lauric acid) which were increased when added to the irrigation water to all concentrations of application substances. The same interaction did not revealed significant difference in stem diameter, Ca% and fruit fresh and dry weight.7 - The three way interaction factors studied in the experiment revealed an increase in growth parameter of both cultivars when humic acid and zolfast were added in their higher concentration (double recommended) by foliar application expect root fresh and dry weight and saturated fatty acids% (except Lauric acid) which were increased when added to the irrigation water. Al - Husenawyia variety was higher in all parameters with the use of higher concentration of humic acid and zolfast when applied with irrigation water or foliar application. The three way interaction revealed no significant difference in stem diameter, vegetative dry weight, Ca%, fruit fresh and dry weight, TSS%, percentage of oil and unsaturated fatty acids (Linoleic and Myristoleic).8 - Results of electrophoresis analysis revealed that the use of the doubled recommended concentration of humic acid and zolfast with irrigation water participated in building higher protein molecules in fruits to both cultivars. While the double recommended concentration of humic acid and zolfast did not show this trait when foliar applied.

تقييم الاستجابة المناعية عند المرضى المصابين بالجرب في محافظة النجف == Evaluation of Immune Response In Scabietic Patients In Najaf Governorate

Author name: ملاك ماجد عبد الامير الموسوي

Supervisor name: هادي رسول حسن | ازر هادي ملوكي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة النجف في الفترة الممتدة مابين شباط 2012 لغاية تشرين الثاني 2013 في العيادة الاستشارية للجلدية في مدينة الصدر الطبية وكليتي العلوم والتربية للبنات في جامعة الكوفة. كان عدد المصابين بالجرب الذين ارتادوا العيادة الاستشارية لل | The present study was carried out in Najaf governorate, during the period from February 2012 till November 2013 in Dermatology Outpatient Clinic in Al - Sader Medical City, College of Science and College of Education for Girls in Kufa University. The number of scabietic patients who attended the outpatient clinic during February to November 2012 were 300 (168 males and 132 females). Their ages ranged from 10 to 65 years. They were included to show the prevalence of scabies. Sixty scabietic patients (out of 300 patients) who did not have allergic diseases, helminthic infections, previous attack with scabies, and/or getting any antihistamines drugs were included for human IL - 1?, TNF - ?, IL - 4, IL - 5 and total IgE assays using ELISA technique; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay and eosinophils(%). These assays were applied on scabietic patients (who were divided according to onset of symptoms or duration of scabies symptoms into early and late scabietic patients) as well as healthy controls.Also Sarcoptes scabiei mite proteins were extracted. Then heat stable mite proteins concentration was determined by Bradford’s method. SDS - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) analysis was used. The activity of mite allergens was assayed by skin prick test (SPT) in 10 scabietic patients and 5 controls with 1.2 ?g/ml and 2.4 ?g/ml. House dust mite (HDM) antigens were skin prick tested in patients with scabies and controls.The prevalence of scabies in current study constituted 6.54% from all the dermatoses which attended the clinic. The males represented 56% and females were 44%. The age group (10 - 19) years was the highest prevalence of scabies (41.7%). Early scabietic patients represented 72% versus late scabietic patients were 28%. The results revealed that a highly significant elevation (p< 0.001) in serum cytokines (IL - 1?, TNF - ?, IL - 4 and IL - 5) as well as IgE, SOD and eosinophils (%) in the two groups of scabietic patients in comparison to the controls.Results of correlation demonstrated that IgE, SOD and eosinophils (%) were positively and significantly correlated (p< 0.001) with the studied cytokines in early, late scabietic and control groups. IgE was positively correlated with IL - 1?, TNF - ?, IL - 4 and IL - 5 in early scabietic patients, whereas, it had negative correlation with IL - 1?, TNF - ?, and positive correlation with IL - 4 and IL - 5 in late ones. SOD showed negative correlation with IL - 1? and TNF - ?, and positive correlation appeared with IL - 4 and IL - 5 in both scabietic patients. Eosinophils (%) were positively correlated with all the studied cytokines in two groups of scabietic patients.The results also revealed that SDS - PAGE profile of the parasite heat stable proteins consisted of protein bands with molecular weights ranged from less than 10 to over than 100 kDa. Skin test demonstrated that (7/10, 70%) and (8/10, 80%) of scabietic patients had a positivity against 1.2 ?g/ml and 2.4 ?g/ml of sarcoptic mite extracts, respectively when prick tested. HDM extract was found to be positive in (4/10, 40%) of scabietic patients; while controls revealed negative result.It can be concluded that scabies affect TH1 and TH2 immune response as well as SOD activity and eosinophils. Sarcoptic proteins contain heat stable allergens which able to cause immediate type - 1 hypersensitivity when 1.2?g/ml of mite protein is skin prick tested, and there is a cross reactivity between Sarcoptes scabiei and HDM allergens

استخدام التراكم الحيوي للعناصر الثقيلة في انسجة الديدان المتطفلة على نوعين من اسماك المياة العذبة في محافظة القادسية == The Usage of Bio - Accumulation of Heavy Meyals In Tissues of Parasitic Helminthes of Two Types of Fresh Waters Fishes In Al - Qadisiya Governorat.

Author name: عاصفة مطرود ياسين المياحي

Supervisor name: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في اربعة انهار ضمن محافظة القادسية هي نهرالديوانية والشامية والحمزة وعفك, اذ جمعت 945 سمكة تعود لنوعين من الاسماك هما الشبوط الاعتيادي Barbus grypus والخشني Liza abu وبعــد فحصها وجـد ان 205 سمكة مـن اسماك الشبوط الاعتيادي و344 سمكة | The present study has been conducted in four parts of AL - Qadisiya (Diwaniya center, Shamiya, Hamza and Afaq). A sample of 945 fish of Barbus grypus and Liza abu has been examined. It was found that 205 of the Barbus grypus fish and 344 of the Liza abu were infected with parasitic intestinal worms. Some parasitic intestinal worms have been detected such as the Neoechinorynchus iraqensis in both fish types. The female paulisentus in Barbus grypus, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi were found in both Barbus grypus, Liza abu and the larva of Contracaecum spp was seen in the Liza abu and Barbus grypus type. In Diwaniya river had high infection of both fish types was 61.31%. The Barbus grypus fish were recorded with 70.11% while the Liza abu fish infection was 57.21%.. In Hamza river the total percentage of infection was 56.79 % in both types. The Liza abu infection in the four parts of Diwaniya as 56.30%. In September the infection percentage was higher by 63.21% in the two kinds of fish. while in February, December the infection rate was as low as 50%. It was also found that length categories of (26 - 24.1)cm of Barbus grypus had high percentage of 67.16%, while the length category (28 - 26.1) cm suffered 64.47% infection with intestinal worms in the length category (> - 30.1) was 22.22%.As for the Liza abu it had a high percentage of infection in length category (12 - 10.1) cm, the percentage was 67.53% and dropped to 46.53% in length category (8 - 6)cm.The present study has discovered many pathological changes (visable and microscopic)caused by the intestinal worms, Among the visable changes was embolism and bleeding of the walls of the infected intestinal microscopic changes included an increase in the phlogistic and phagocytic cell and ruining of the internal tissue lining the intestines and atrophy villi.Eight heavy metals were measured.They included Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Copper, Manganese, Mercuryand Chromiumby means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer tissues from the a forementioned types of fish were measured for these heavy metals these tissues were from the liver, muscles, gills, two kinds of intestinal worms (Cestode and Nematode) were measured also water and sediments (deposits) from four districts of Diwaniya throughout the year, Cadmium registered high concentrations in autumn (12.67) Mg/ gm in the liver of the Barbus grypus. lower concentrations of Cadmium were registered in Winter (1.30) Mg/ gm in the liver of Liza abu.The Barbus grypus livers had high concentrations of lead in autumn (21.03) Mg/ gm in Hamza rivers, where as gills of the Liza abu registered lower concentrations(6.43) Mg/gm in spring.The livers of the Barbus grypus registered high concentrations of zine in autumn which where (32.27)Mg/ gm in Hamza river. Shamiya river they dropped to 21.17 Mg/ gm in spring, It was observed that Nickel had high concentrations in the livers of both fish types, The highest of which was in autumn, the the Hamza river had the highest concentrations in autumn which were (29.17, 28.63, 27.67) Mg/gm.In spring the nickel concentrations were low in the gills of the Liza abu11.10 Mg/ gm in Shamiya river, The livers of the Barbus grypus had the most concentrations of copper which reached 2.02 Mg/ gm while livers of the Liza abu had 1.92 Mg/ gm concentrations in autumn in Hamza river.Manganese showed low concentrations in the Liza abu gills in winter and spring they ranged (1.67, 1.73) in Shamiya river, manganese concentrations increased in autumn and summer to reach (14.83, 10.07) Mg/ gm in the Liza abu liver and (15.13, 10.57) Mg/ gm in the muscles of the Barbus grypus in Hamza river, Marcury had the lowest concentrations 24.37 Mg/ gm in the gills of Liza abu in Afaq river, It was observed that the livers of the Barbus grypus were more vulnerable, the highest concentrations was registered 49.97 Mg/ gm in Hamza river followed by Diwaniya which registered 48.97 Mg/m in autumn. Chromium registered lowest concentrations compared to the other metals,.cestodes isolated from the Barbus grypus registered high of mercury concentrations that reached 37.667 and 37.300 Mg/ gm in Hamza and Diwaniya rivers, chrome concentrations was low in the tape worms 0.166 Mg/ gm while nematodes, the concentrations was 0.157 Mg/ gm in Shamiya river.cestoda and nematodais isolated from the intestines of Liza abu registered high concentrations in autumn, cestoda had the most of the concentrations of heavy metals, Mercury and nickel had high concentrations of (35.783, 25.840) Mg/gm, copper and chrome had lower concentrations(1.881, 0.174) Mg/gm inHamza river, nematode registered high concentrations that reached 33.994 Mg/ gm in mercury in Hamza river.As for the rivers sediments Autumn was the most effected by heavy metals for the sediments in Hamza river had high concentrations in Manganese, mercury, and chrome (367, 376.97, 290.93) Mg/ gm respectively while the lowest concentrations was for copper 22.53 Microgram/gram in Shamiya river in spring. The rivers water registered low concentrations of heavy metals in spring, The Shamiya river had low concentrations of lead and cadmium (80.57, 54.60) Mg/gm, autumn registered higher concentrations compared to spring where the highest concentration of manganese and Copper was (512.37, 442.83) Mg / gm in Hamza river.

تاثير عدد من المستخلصات النباتية الطبية في تركيز هرمون الميلاتونين وبعض المتغيرات الفسلجية والنسجية في ذكور الجرذان البيض == Effect of Many Medical Plant Extracts In Melatonin Hormone Concentration And Some of Physiological And Histological Parameters In Albino Male Rats

Author name: وداد محمود لهمود العبي

Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية للبحث في الاجهاد التاكسدي المستحدث بتاثير الجرعة العلاجية لعنصر الحديد لوحده بشكل املاح الحديد بهيئة اقراص Ferrous fumarat (2.85ملغم/كغم من وزن الجسم/يوم)التي تعادل (200ملغم /70كغم من وزن جسم الانسان /يوم)وقد بلغت كمية الحديد فيها (0. | The current study was designed to observe the oxidative stress induced by first dose for Iron salt alone as ferrous fumarat (2.85 mg /kg of b.wt./day)was equivalent to (200mg/70 kg of b.wt. of person)and it is containing of iron (0.94mg iron/kg of b.wt.), or by giving together doses of iron (ferrous fumarat) salt conjunction with doses of copper (in copper sulfate) in white male rats which has been given one of The experimental unit (8.57 mg/kg b.wt./day)was equivalent to (600mg / 70 kg of b.wt. of person) which use for treating acute anemia, in experimental group were given dose (8.57 mg/kg b.wt./day + 8.57 mg copper sulfat/kg b.wt./day) daily by the oral feeding and the dosage considered as the (first treatment group), with regard to a second dose of iron and copper were as follows (17 mg iron /kg b.wt./day +17 mg copper/kg b.wt./day) and considered a (second dose), research on the role of the aqueous extracts for number of plant commonly used in popular medicine like pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), green tea (Comellia sinensis L.) and virgin olive oil (Olea europaea L.) to limit or inhibit the accumulation of these salts in number of organic Tissues and normalization of the variables in the balance oxidants - antioxidants and a number of Biochemical and Physiological parameters in addition to the Histological Changes in Liver, Kidney and Testis of the white male rats used through 30 day of The experiment, The present study aimed to evaluate activity of many plant juice Like sour Cherry (Prunu scersus L) sweet Cherry (Prunu savium L.)sweet paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) and Banana (Musa paradisiacal L.) in number of Biochemical and Physiological variation, in addition to Histological changes in the Liver, Kidney and Testis in white male rats and oxidative stress induced by Hydrogen peroxide(0.5%) during the experimental period of 30. current study investigation included the effect of exposing the white male rats for continuous lighting and the constant darkness for a period (30 days).The present study aimed show the effect of Tryptophan experimental in most Physiological, Biochemical and Histological activities. The experiments had been performed in the animal house at Dept.of Biology of Education Fecundity at Tikrit Univ. from Jan. 2011 through July 2011. male rats were measured (250 - 350)gram, in age (16 - 20) weeks, (110) experimental, the rats were divided to (22) groups in which each consisted of (5) rats.The first experiment results have revealed the following : - 1 - The giving of Ferro alone and the Second dose has caused a noticed significant increase at the level of (p<0.01) in the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) and in the concentrations of each of Glucose(Glu), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low density of lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), (VLDL - C), Malondialdehyde(MDA)and Peroxy nitrite(ONOO.) compared with control group, whereas it caused a high significant decrease at the level of (p< 0.01) in the concentration of each of High Density of lipoprotein of cholesterol(HDL - C), Total protein (TP), Glutathione(GSH) and ceruloplasmin(CP) and a decrease in sperm parameters. The two groups have also noticed a significant decrease of (p<0.01) in the concentrations of the melatonin hormone in the rats blood serum, growth Hormone and the Luteinizing hormone, in addition to the testosterone hormone and a decrease in the effectiveness of the catalase enzyme; taking into consideration the accumulative increase of Ferro element in the liver, kidneys and testes for both groups. As for the accumulation of copper, it has been noticed in the second dose group in liver, kidneys, and testes tissues, whereas the group of animals exposed to Ferro alone has noticed a high significant decrease in copper concentration in the three studied organs.2 - The giving of a first dose to white male rats (rattus ratus) has revealed a lack of significant differences in each of the total number of white blood cells, and the concentrations of most of biochemical parameters and sperm parameters, taking into consideration the significant decrease in the concentrations of each of (HDL - C), (GSH), (CP), (Mel), and (CAT). It has been noticed the occurrence of a significant increase in the concentration of (LDL - C). This group has also suffered a significant and insignificant increase in the Ferro accumulation in the studied organs, with a simple decrease of the accumulation of copper element in the three studied elements compared to the sound control group.3 - The giving of the three vegetal extracts which are Punica granatum L., Comellia sinensis L., and Olea europaea L. for animals exposed to second dose has caused a high significant decrease (p< 0.01). The effective power of extracts according to their arrangement and order in which first is Olea europaea L., then Punica granatum L., and lastly is Camellia sinensis L. have revealed positive significant changing in many biochemical parameters, with high significant increasing in (Mel), (GH), (LH), and (T) blood serum conc. in addition to the effectiveness of (CAT), compared to the group of animals exposed to second dose. All the sperm parameters in each of Olea europaea L. and Punica granatum L. have revealed a significant increase compared to the second dose group, whereas the Comellia sinensis L. has not revealed the occurrence of significant changes in most of the sperm parameters except in the percentage of active and moving sperms when compared with the second dose group.As for the accumulation of mineral elements, all the groups treated with vegetal extracts and exposed to second dose have witnessed a decrease in the accumulation of Ferro element in the liver, kidneys and testes tissues when compared with the second dose group, and this is also a fact concerning the accumulation of copper element.4 - The giving of Ferro alone and second dose have caused clear malady and tissue changes represented by diffusion of fat drops in a wide range between the liver cells. There has also been a poisonous and harmful effect of kidney tissue represented by the harm occurring in the disintegration and damage of the glomerulus and damage to the renal tubules, on the level of testis tissue, there have occurred huge damages in most tissue structures of the testes with a loss of most of the sperm formation stages, whereas the first dose group has not revealed any clear tissue changes compared to the sound control group. These changes have decreased when treated with vegetal extracts for each of Punica grantum L., Olea europaea L. and Comellia sinensis L. with the availability of Ferro and copper elements, since these elements have largely decreased the negative effects by affecting the three tissue levels which are liver, kidney and testes. Olea europaea L. has revealed a magnificent role on the reformative level of damaged tissues with a big similarity to the control group which exceeded both of Punica granatum L. and Comellia sinensis L. compared to the second dose group.Second experiment results : - 1 - The treatment of animals with hydrogen peroxide revealed very high significant changes at the level of (p<0.01), (p<0.05) in white blood cells, and in most of the biochemical and hormone criteria and sperm parameters which are similar to the effect of each of the Ferro dose alone and the second dose when compared with the sound control group.2 - The treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide with Capsicum annuum L. and Musa paradisiacal L. separately Shown positive effect more than Prunus cersus L. and Prunus avium L. all juice led to the occurrence of noticed significant decrease at the level of (p<0.01) in the total number of white blood cells and in the concentrations of (Glu), (TC), (TG), (LDL - C), (VLDL - C), (MAD) and the root (ONOO.). This is compared with the group exposed to hydrogen peroxide alone, taking into consideration the occurrence of high significant increase in the concentrations of (HDL - C), (TP), (GSH), (CP) and in sperm parameters. There has also been noticed a significant increase in (p<0.01) in the concentrations of each of (Mel), (GH), (T) and (CAT)and (LH) compared to the group exposed to hydrogen peroxide alone.3 - The treatment with industrial tryptophan did not reveal any changes in the total number of most of the studied biochemical and hormone concentrations, but there has been witnessed an occurrence of significant decrease in the concentration of (LDL - C). As for the sperm parameters, the changes were between significant decrease and no significant changes when compared with the control group, with a significant increase in the effectiveness of enzyme CAT and concentration of hormone (Mel) in blood plasma with the sound control group.4 - The exposition of male rats (rattus ratus) to a period of continuous lightness led to the occurrence of several physiological and biochemical changes and to a high significant increase of (p<0.01) in sperm parameters and in the concentrations of hormones (Mel), (GH), (T), and (CAT) in blood plasma when compared with the control group; except for the occurrence of high significant increase in concentration of (LH). The darkness group revealed slight insignificant changes in most of the biochemical criteria and between the lack of changes in concentrations of (GH), hormone (T) and enzyme (CAT). This group also suffered the occurrence of high significant increase in concentration of (Mel) and a significant decrease in concentration of hormone (LH) when compared to the control group.5 - The giving (H2O2)caused several tissue changes in the livers of male rats (Rattus ratus). This has caused clear tissue and malady changes and similar to the Ferro and second dose groups. These changes have reduced when treated with Prunus cersus L., Prunus avium L., Capsicum annuum L. and Musa paradisiacal L. with the presence of hydrogen peroxide in that it greatly reduced the negative effects of hydrogen peroxide on the level of the three tissues of liver, kidney and testes. There is a lack of harmful tissue effects of industrial tryptophan on the tissues under study, when compared with the control group. In addition, both groups of rats exposed to durations of continuous lightness and darkness have suffered very huge tissue damage on the level of the three tissues, but the continuous lightness group suffered more damage when compared with the control group and continuous darkness duration.

تاثير بنزوات الصوديوم كمادة حافظة في مستويات بعض الهرمونات والمعايير الكيموحيوية في ذكور الجرذان البيض == Effect of Sodium Benzoate As A Preservative In Levels of Some Hormones And Biochemical Parameters In White Male Rats

Author name: اسيل نجاح صبر

Supervisor name: احسان ريسان ابراهيم الركابي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تحديد تاثيرات مادة بنزوات الصوديوم في مستويات بعض الهرمونات ومؤشرات الاجهاد التاكسدي والمعايير الكيموحيوية في ذكور الجرذان البالغة وغير البالغة ولمدد مختلفة. ولبيان هذه التاثيرات صممت تجربتين رئيستين لهذه الدراسة، استعمل في التجربة ا | This study was aimed to determining the effects of sodium benzoate in the levels of some hormones and oxidative stress indicators as well as biochemical parameters in mature and immature albino male rats in different durations.To detect these effects two main experiments were designed in the current study, (60) immature male rats were used in the first main experiment that included three secondary experiments each one of these was included four groups of immature albino male rats, (5) male for each group.In the first secondary experiment G1, G2, and G3 groups were orally given sodium benzoate daily in concentrations of 50, 100, 200 mg/ kg of body weight for one week, whereas in the second and the third secondary experiments G1, G2, and G3 groups were orally given sodium benzoate in the same concentrations daily for two and three weeks respectively. The control groups of the three secondary experiments were given distilled water throughout experiments. (60) of mature male rats were used in the second main experiment that have included the same design as the previous one.After the end of treatments in each experiment, the following parameters were studied : hormonal parameters that included corticosterone, luteinizing hormone LH, testosterone T, thyroid stimulating hormoneTSH and thyroxin T4, oxidative stress indicators (glutathione and malodialdehyde) and biochemical parameters that included (liver enzymes ALT and AST, total bilirubin, albumin, globuoline, total serum protein, sodium and potassium).The results of the first main experiment are pointed out : 1 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the level of corticosterone hormone in both G2 and G3 groups during one weak of treatment and in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of each treatment. 2 - A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in G3 group also the thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxin in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment, the levels of all these hormones were also revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment. 3 - A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the glutathione level was accompanied by a significant increase in the malondialdehyde level in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment and also in the G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 4 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the ALT and AST enzymes levels in G1, G2 and G3 groups during each duration of experiment in comparison with control groups. 5 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the total bilirubin level in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment. Also in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 6 - A significant decrease(P<0.05) in the albumin and total serum protein levels in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment, the decreased albumin and globuline levels were also accompanied by a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of total serum protein in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups.7 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the sodium level in G1, G2, and G3 groups during each duration of experiment in comparison with control groups. 8 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the potassium level in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment and in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 9 - Comparison between treatments durations for all parameters was showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in levels of most parameters during two and three weeks of treatment in both G1 and G2 and with increasment of treatment duration in G3. The results of the second main experiment were presented that : 1 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the corticosterone level in G3 during one week of treatment also in both G2 and G3groups during two weeks of treatment as well as in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 2 - A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of luteinizing hormone, testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxin in both G2 and G3 groups during two weeks of treatment and in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 3 - A significant decrease(P<0.05) in the glutathione level was accompanied by a significant increase in the malondialdehyde level in both G1and G2 during two weeks of treatment, as well as in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 4 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the ALT and AST enzymes levels in the G1, G2 and G3 groups during each duration of experiment in comparison with control groups. 5 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the total bilirubin level in G3group during one week treatment, also in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 6 - A significant decrease(P<0.05) in the albumin and total serum protein levels in G3 group during one weak treatment, also in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two weeks treatment. The significant decrease(P<0.05) in the albumin and globuline levels in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks treatment was accompanied by a significant decrease in the total serum protein level in compare with control groups.7 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the sodium and potassium levels in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups.8 - Comparison between treatments durations for all parameters was showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in levels of most parameters during three weeks of treatment in G1 and during two and three weeks of treatment in G2 and G3.

تاثير فطريات المايكو راي زا الشجيرية والمادة العضوية في مرض الذبول المتسبب عن الفطر Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici في نبات الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum == Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza And Organic Matter On Wilting Caused By (Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp. Lycopersici) In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum)

Author name: ثامر عبد الشهيد محسن علي الابراهيمي

Supervisor name: بتول زينل علي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three arbuscular mycorrhizal species (Glomus etunicatum, G. leptotichum, Rhizophagus intraradices) and the organic matter (Peatmoss) on controlling the wilting caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici on tomatoes using pot cultures. The study was included two experiments : 1 - The first experiments was performed to select the best mycorrhizal species or a maxture of two or three species acting on several parameters, Results showed the followings : - Significant increase of the tri mixture activity of the three mycorrhizal species compared to the dual mixture or single species on mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal dependency and the weight of mycorrhizal roots after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the trimixture of AM fungi in increasing the plant growth parameters after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the tri mixture of AM fungi in increasing the percentage of N, P, K and the protein in leaves and roots after 8 weeks planting compared to other treatments.2 - The second experiment was performed to study the effect of the tri mixture of AM fungi (which gave the highest activity in the first experiments) and the organic matter in the presence of the pathogen F.o.l. and their interactions on mycorrhizal parameters, disease parameters, analysis of some elements and compounds, study of some plant growth parameters, enzymatic and non - enzymatic antioxidants in tomato plant, Results revealed the followings : - Significant increase in mycorrhizal colonization included % of mycorrhizal frequency, mycorrhizal intensity in the root system, mycorrhizal intensity in in root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in parts of root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in root system and the highest values were shown in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after six and ten weeks planting. - Significant increase in dry weight of mycorrhizal roots, the highest was shown in the treatment (organic matter x control) after 10 weeks planting. - Increase in percentage of mycorrhizal dependency after 6 and 10 weeks planting and the highest percentage was shown in the treatment (absence organic matter x control) after 10 weeks. - Increase in number of mycorrhizal spores, the highest was recorded in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after 12 weeks. - Significant decrease in % of disease parameters in leaves and roots, the lowest percentage were recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) for all parameters. - Results of plant growth parameters showed significant increase of all for different weeks. The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) recorded the highest for all parameters tested in plant. - The treatments affected the flowering and fruit duration, the shortest was shown by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) - Significant increase in percentage of N, K and protein in leaves and roots, and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in leaves, the highest values were shown in treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control). - The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) recorded the highest percentage of P, souble carbohydrates, highest content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in leaves and roots as well as highest percentage of lignin in roots. - Significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots, the highest activity recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x absence organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection). - Significant increase of non - antioxidant enzymatic in antioxidants included content of carotene in leaves, content of ascorbic acid, proline, total phenol, and glutathione in leaves and roots, The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) showed the highest content of carotene and ascorbic acid while the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) showed the highest content of proline, total phenol and glutathione in leaves and roots.

دراسة تصنيفية لانواع مختارة من نباتات ذوات الفلقتين في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة, العراق == Taxanomical Study For Selected Dicot. Spp. In The Holy Karbala Province, Iraq

Author name: زينة خليل ابراهيم البهادلي

Supervisor name: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي | خليل ابراهيم الشمري

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة بيئية لعدة مواقع من محافظة كربلاء المقدسة بين شهري شباط وايار ولسنتي 2013 و2014 من حيث نوع الترب والمجتمعات الاحيائية لهذه المواقع جمعت خلالها انواع مختلفة من النباتات تابعة لعائلات مختلفة ضمن ذوات الفلقة الواحدة وذوات الفلقتين اذ | The present work includes ecological study for different locations of the holy Karbala province between February and May and for the years2013, 2014, investigating soil kinds and communities in these locations. Different plant species of Monocots and Dicots were collected from variable soil kinds, such as sandy saline soil, loamy saline soil and sandy gravely soil. The species of Haloxylon salicornicum, Zygophyllum coccenium were dominant in the communities of sandy saline soil, Nitraria retusa, Juncus sp. and Halocnemum strobilaceum were dominant in loamy saline soil.Comparative anatomical study has been done for (30) Dicots wild species grown in these environments of Karbala province, as follow : a.Family : Aizooaceae1) Aizoon hispanicum L. b.Family : Chenopodiaceae2) Chenopodium murale L.3) Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.)M.Bieb.4) Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.)Bunge ex. Boiss.5) Salicornia herbacea L.c. Family : Compositae (Asteraceae)6) Carthamus oxycantha M.B. 7) Launaea capitata (Spreng.)Dany 8) Launaea mucronata (Forssk.)Muschl. 9) Rechardia tingitana (L.)Roth. d. Family : Convolvulaceae10) Convolvulus oxypyllus Boiss. e. Family : Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)11) Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.)Bioss. 12) Sterigosella africana (L.)Boch. 13) Sterigosella grandiflora (Bnge)Bochantsev 14) Savignya parviflora (Del.)Webb. 15) Neotorularia torulosa (Desf.) Hedge & J. Leonard 16) Zilla spinosa (Turra)Prantl. f. Family : Cucurbitaceae 17) Citrullus colocynthis (L.)Schrad. g. Family : Geraniaceae18) Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd.h. Family : Malvaceae19) Malva parviflora L. i. Family : Neuradaceae 20) Neurada procumbens L. j. Family : Nitrariaceae21) Nitraria retusa (Forssk.)Aschers.22) Peganum harmala L. k. Family : Papillionaceae23) Trigonella stellata Forssk. m. Family : Polygoniaceae 24) Rumex versicarius L. n. Family : Resedaceae25) Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl)Macbr.q. Family : Solaneaceae 26) Lycium barbarum L.r. Family : Tamaricaceae 27) Tamarix florida Bge.28) Tamarix macrocarpa (Ehrenb.)Bge.u. Family : Zygophyllaceae29) Fagonia glutinosa Del. 30) Zygophyllum coccenium L. The present research focused on many anatomical characters and studies comparatively, such as epidermis types, stomatal complexes, leaf venation, cross sections of root, stem and vertical sections of leaf blades. Different cross sections were shows variability cuticle thickness and epidermis, vascular cylinder tissues, collenchyma and sclerenchyma in different species studies. Variations were noticed among these tissues in the variable species.Thickness of cuticle epidermis of leaves were variable, and unifacial and bifacial mesophylls were noticed for the first time in some species studies. Some cross sections were obtained for scale leaves in Tamarix florida, Tamarix macrocarpa, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Haloxylon salicornicum and Salicornia herbacea.The anatomical characters of these plant parts has not been studied before for these species, at least for Iraqi specimens. The following species Launaea capitata, Oligomeris linifolia and Zilla spinosa were glabrous in all vegetative and reproductive organs. In time that the other species, Haloxylon salicornicum , Salicornia herbacea, Launaea mucronata, Reichardia tingitana, Strigosella grandiflora , Peganum harmala, Lycium barbarum, Tamarix florida and Tamarix macrocarpa were glabrous just in the vegetative parts, but hairy (pubescent) in the reproductive organs. The indumentums was variable in thickness within variable plant organs and parts, even on the lower and upper leaf surfaces. Different kinds of crystals were found and verified in the stems and leaves of different species. Size and density of these crystals were variable in variable locations of stem and leaf tissues.. Geographical distribution was investigated for all the studied species using Iraqi satellite maps by GIS program. Neotorularia torulosa was the most distributed species, and Rumex versicarius was the least distributed one. Schedules, schemes, illustrations and micrographs were presented for the different species studied in this work. Lastly results were discussed depending on available references and reasons.

دراسة تصنيفية لانواع الجنس Echinops L. (Compositae) في العراق == Comparative And Systematical Study of The Genus Echinops L. (Compositae) In Iraq

Author name: سكينة عباس عليوي

Supervisor name: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لانواع الجنس Echinops L. في العراق حيث شملت الصفات المظهرية والتشريحية وحبوب اللقاح، وكذلك البيئة التوزيع الجغرافي فضلا عن المعاملة التصنيفية. شملت الدراسة المظهرية دراسة صفات الجذور والسيقان والاوراق والرؤوس الزهري | The present investigation dealt with comparative systematic study of the genus Echinops L. (Compositae) in Iraq.The work involved comparative morphological and anatomical characters, in addition to palynology, ecology, geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment for these species. Morphological characters of roots, leaves, involucre bracts, inflorescence, in addition to, indumentum variations were discussed and the study concluded that stems, leaves, involucres bracts, especially the inner most layer characters were useful aid in distributing species of the genus. Comparative anatomical characters were used, such as characters of leaves, epidermis stomatal complexes, variation patterns, cross sectionings of stems, leaves as well as L.S of growing points. The study revealed that the anatomical characters are important taxonomically. The present investigation observed that pollen grains of all species were tricolporate and echinate. The taxonomic important of grains characters were assessed of the species. Maps of geographical distribution were prepared for all species studied. The study shown that most species were distributed in the North area of Iraq and a few species of the genus were distributed in the East and South of Iraq. In conclusions, (11) species of the genus Echinops were recognized in Iraq. Taxonomic treatment was carried out for all Echinops species and key was designed for them

الخصائص المظهرية والجزيئية للفطر Aspergillus niger وتقييم قابليته في انتاج حامض الستريك تحت ظروف مختلفة == Phenotypic And Molecular Characteristics of The Fungus Aspergillus Niger And Evaluation Its Ability To Produce Citric Acid Under Different Conditions

Author name: علي عبد الهادي ماهود السوداني

Supervisor name: ماجد كاظم عبود الشبلي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: نفذت هذه الدراسة لتقييم قابلية فطريات من التربة في انتاج حامض الستريك باستخدام وسط غذائي صناعي مدعم بمصادر كربونية ونيتروجينية واملاح وتحديد بعض الظروف المثلى للانتاج من العزلة الفطرية الاكفا بعد تنميتها على وسط المولاس المروق ووسط راشح قشور الرز المدعمين | This study was carried out to evaluation the ability of fungi from the soil in the production of citric acid using synthetic culture medium supplemented with sources of carbon, nitrogen and salts and determine some optimal conditions for the production of citric acid from the most efficient fungal isolate after growing it on the clarifying molasses medium and rice husks filtrate medium supplemented with some nutrients, and also determine the genotype for the most efficient fungal isolate in the production of citric acid by PCR - RFLP technique and determine the sequence of DNA bases for the region ITS1 - 5.8S rRNA gene - ITS2, and the study also included a purification of the citric acid by precipitation method and detection it by (HPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed the presence of 21 fungal isolates included 12 isolates for the fungus Aspergillus niger by frequency amounted to 57.14 % and 5 isolates for the fungus Trichoderma viride by frequency amounted to 23.8 % and 4 isolates for the fungus Mucor spp. by frequency amounted to 19.04 %, were excluded from the study some fungal isolates which showing the ability to produce aflatoxins. The screening 16 local fungal isolates of fungi A. niger, T. viride and Mucor spp. it appeared that the fungal isolate A. niger 5 was the most efficient in the production of citric acid, and also the results showed a single two bands of DNA with a molecular size 480 and 66 base pairs at using RsaI restriction enzyme and that the genotype of the A. niger 5 is of the type A Some optimum cultural and environmental conditions for the production of citric acid from the selected isolate were studied. It was obtained the highest production of citric acid which amounted to 28.947 g/l at the clarifying molasses medium and 30.015 g/l at rice husks filtrate medium using 15 % reducing sugars, 0.25 % ammonium sulfate, 0.1, 0.2 % KH2PO4, 0.025 % MgSO4.7H2O, adjusted primary pH of medium to 3.5, 4 inoculated with 4 % from the initial inoculation which it concentration 1 x 106 spore/ml and incubated under shaker conditions at 200 rpm at 30 C for 8, 9 days for the clarifying molasses medium and rice husks filtrate medium respectively. The results of detected of citric acid using HPLC showed two peaks for both standard citric acid and citric acid under study at retention time amounted to 12.637 and 12.641 minutes respectively.

دراسة علاقة الاجهاد التاكسدي ببعض العوامل الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في احداث الاجهاض لدى النساء الحوامل في مدينة كركوك == Study of The Relation of Oxidative Stress With Some Physiological, Biochemical And Histological Factors In Abortion Induction Among Pregnant Women In Kirkuk Province

Author name: ليلى عبد الستار صادق سليمان ليلاني

Supervisor name: صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي | زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للفترة من 1 كانون الثاني 2010 ولغاية 31 كانون الاول 2011 في مستشفى كركوك العام ومستشفى ازادي التعليمي في مدينة كركوك وشملت الدراسة (160) سيدة من السيدات اللواتي يراجعن صالات الولادة وكانت على الشكل الاتي : (100) سيدة تعاني من الاجهاض و(3 | The study was conducted from the 1st of January 2010 till the 31 December 2011 in Kirkuk - General hospital and Azadi - teaching hospital in Kirkuk province, the study was included (160) women who are attending labor word and they are follows : (100) women who have abortion, [30]normal vaginally delivered women and they are regarded 1st control group, in addition to that another [30]new pregnant women between (14 - 16) weeks of pregnancy aged (16 - 45) years who are regarded as 2nd control group and they are consulted special Gynecologists for primary health care center for follow up. The current study was designed for research purposes to detected some of Biochemical , hematological and histological variables which have direct relationship with oxidative stress among studied sample to determine the effect of this variables on aborted women in Kirkuk province. The study found that : 1 - There was a continues increasing in the number of abortion between the year 2010 - 2011. 2 - Many causes were related to abortion occurrence which arranged according to their importance as follow : Hormonal. Infective, Congenital, parasitic. 3 - Villi dimension (width and length) measures less than those of 1st control group (normal vaginally delivered women).4 - Placental weight (wt) taken from aborted women measure less than those taken normal delivered group (1st control group).5 - From the study results, it was indicated that the total body mass index (BMI) among aborted women recorded less significant value (p< 0.05) than those of 1st control group and high significant value in comparison to the 2nd control group (new pregnant women 6 - The current study show that the consented level of malondialdehyde(MDA) in blood serum among aborted women is higher than those of 1stcontrol group and 2nd control group. Also it was indicated that the level of MDA in placental extracted is higher than 1stcontrol group.7 - Regarding Glutathione concentration, the aborted women recorded significant elevation in level of blood serum in comparison to the two mentioned control groups, also its concentration in placental extract is higher than 1st control group only.8 - The study found that the level of glutathione peroxidase GPX concentration is significant decrease among aborted women in comparison to the 1st control group while the level of peroxy nitrate PN was a significantly increase in its concentration in blood serum.9 - The current study revealed that there is now a significant in albumin conc. And uric acid in blood serum among aborted women in comparison to2nd control group.10 - The study referred to the significant different value (p<0.05) in concentration of estrogen hormone in blood serum among aborted women which indicated that there is a low conc. also progesterone hormone level recorded less than in the women in comparison both control groups.11 - The study found that the Concentration of Tri - iodothyronine hormone which recorded is a low in aborted women comparison both control group while thyroxin hormone referred to the a significantly decreased in blood serum comparison to 1st control group and now significant comparison to 2nd control group.12 - Concerning the prolactin hormone level which recorded alow conc. Level among aborted women.13 - Blood pressure recorded a significant decrease in both tow measures (systolic and diastolic).14 - Hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells (R.B.C) recorded a significant decrease in its value among aborted women and a significantly elevation in white blood cells level(W.B.C)in comparison to both control groups.15 - Toxoplasmosis antibodies were detected in 10% of aborted women.16 - Histological studies, Histological study revealed that there is an obvious cross - sectional placental changes among studied women. The study show that there is a large amount of Red Blood Cells (R.B.C.) in placental section among women subjected to previous complete abortion which indicates a sever hemorrhage, the RBC seen collected in some area of referring to degeneration and hemolysis process with the presence of small piece of uteri in the tissue epithelium distributed between red blood cells due to while in women subjected to spontaneous abortion, the histological appearance enlarge and small pieces of uterine tissue epithelium distributed blood vessels which indicated that is an aggregation of RBC and seen of the nuclei appear atrophied in there is a presence of double size degradation nuclei and hemolysis of muscle nuclei which presented either spindle or flat in shape.In women subjected to incomplete abortion, the histological section a show the of uterine lying cells with muscle cells and bleeding due to rupture of placental blood vessels with hemolysis of red blood cell which appear like clusters duo to congestion process and the muscular layer appears clear fibers, necrosis.It is also obvious that in those women who subjected to in complete abortion, there is a large amount of falling muscle tissue with abortion process which is a thin structure with little necrosis in some area of it hamolysis can be seen presented by R.B.C decomposition and swelling of uterine lying nuclei and necrosis which the chromatin bodies appear either as spare parts or atrophied for the final analysis with the other appeared empty and necrolizal due to ruptured uterine lying epithelium and hemolysis is of R.B.C

عزل وتشخيص بعض فطريات الاذن الخارجيه واختبار قدرة الفطر Aspergillusعلى افراز بعض انزيمات عوامل الضراوة == Isolation And Identification of Some Fungi of Otitis Externa And Testing The Ability of Aspergillus Spp. To Produce Some of Virulence Factors Enzymes

Author name: وفاق احمد محمود

Supervisor name: سميرة كاظم حميد | ياسر لفتة حسون

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: جمعت (113) عينه سريريه (مسحة اذن Ear swab) لمرضى التهاب قناة الاذن الخارجيه الفطري Otomycosis من كلا الجنسين والذين راجعوا استشارية الانف والاذن والحنجره في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي والعيادات الخاصه للاطباء الاختصاص / محافظة النجف الاشرف للمده من تشرين الثان | This study included 113 ear swabs from patients with otomycosis, males and females, visited the otolaryngology consultation room at Al - Sader Medical City in An - Najaf / Iraq in addition to the private otolaryngology clinics of some of ear, nose and throat specialists, during the period from October 2012 to March 2013, the study aimed to isolate and diagnose the causative opportunistic mycotic infections of the ear and to test sensitivity of these organisms towards antimycotic agents in addition to identifying some enzymes of the most fungal reluctant type phenotypically and molecularly. (103) positive swabs were obtained from total samples including "Cephalosporium, Candida spp, Aspergillus spp, Neurospora and Trichosporium beigelii.The Precentage of isolated fungi was (85.43)% for Aspergillus, (10.67)% for Candida, while other species constituted totally (3.88)%. The study show that the highest percentage of isolated fungi was from males as it was(51.4)% while in females was (48.6)%. Patients' ages were found to be between (11 - 80) years and the age group (21 - 30) years was the most frequent Category in (30.3)% and the Category (71 - 80) years was affected only in (0.8)%. The highest percentage of insulation fungi during the period of sample collection was in February which constitute (30.9)% and the lowest percentage was in March reaching only (14.1)%.The highest ratios to isolate the fungus was recorded among housewives and unemployed males and it was (44.2%), while the lowest rates of insulation when the students reached (15.9%).The cases of otitis media excelled on the rest of the pathological cases accompaniments of Otomycosis as the proportion of insulation was (19.4%), followed by disease of blood pressure which their percentage was (5.3%), while the rest of the pathological cases did not have significant influence in insulation, for more ear side affected the left ear was affected in(51.8)% and the right was affected in (48.2) %. The study showed that there is inhibitory effect of (flucanazole, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole and Ketoconozole) against Aspergillus spp (A.niger, A.flavus and A.terreus). All antifungals were effective and their inhibitory ratio was (100) %, except for the antifungal (Fluconazole ) which found to have a lower inhibitory effect (10) % against the species A.flavus only. Testing the phospholipase activity for aspergillus species, A.flavus and A.niger showed phospholipase activity in two degrees (++, +++), but A.terreus shoed only (++). Searching the gene alp " which is encoded for the production of alkaline protease " showed that all the Aspegillus species produces the gene with amplification results of (100)% for the band supposed to appear at the molecular weight of (747) pb

عزل وتشخيص الفطريات المصاحبة لاخماج الجيوب الانفية وحساسيتها لبعض المضادات الفطرية == Isolation And Identification of Sinusitis Infections Borne Fungi And Its’ Sensivity To Antifungals

Author name: رواق حيدر عبد النبي المحنة

Supervisor name: ماجد كاظم عبود الشبلي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: جمعت ((97 مسحة انفية من المرضى المصابين باخماج الجيوب الانفية, ولكلا الجنسين وباعمار مختلفة والذين راجعوا العيادات الخاصة بالانف والاذن والحنجرة Ear Nasal Throat في مدينة الديوانية للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2012 الى نيسان 2013, لغرض عزل وتشخيص الفطريات المسب | A total of 97 nasal swab were collected from patients with sinusitis, for both sexes with different ages who attended private clinics of Ear Nasal Throat in the city of AL - Diwaniya, for the period from November 2012to April 2013, for the purpose of isolating and diagnosing fungi that cause inflammation of the sinuses and test their sensitivity toward some antifungal as well as the study of the effect of some factors on the infictions rats, which include age, gender, housing, and professions and relationship of chronic diseases. Specimen were cultivated on culture media SDA to determine the types of fungi responsible the infection, it is found that the samples gave positive growth were about 36 at a rate of 37.11 %, while the samples which gave a negative growth were about 61 at a rate of 62.88 % Note that some samples give more than one fungal type so amounted to 44 the number of fungal infections and 45.36 %.The isolated fungi included and their rates Aspergillus flavus13.63%, Aspergillus niger 13.63 % , Aspergillus terreus 4.54 % , Pencillium sp 18.18 % , Blastomyces dermatitidis and Cladosporium sp 11.36 % of each one , Alternaria sp and Trichophyton sp 4.54 % of eachone , Troulopis sp , Mucor sp , Rhizopus sp, Paecilomyces sp, Rhodotorula sp, Ulocladium sp, Geotrichium sp and Bipolaris sp 2.27% of each one. The presnt study showed that females cases are more than males cases, where the percentage of female infection about 63.63% but male infection rate of about 36.36%, patients ranged in age between 11 - 76 years and found that the infection was more frequent among age groups 20 - 29 years 29.54% and less frequent among age groups 19 - 11 years 9.09 %. About the injury season shows that increase in the cold months of the year and less in the warm months, as it recorded the highest rate of infection during November at a rate of 43.18 %, while there have been no injury during April, as for Relationship of injury with housing areas of patients has been shown that the highest proportion of the injury people registered from urban areas 52.27 % compared to residents of rural areas 47. 72 %. The role of the professions in the incidence of injury has been shown that the highest recorded injury among housewives40.9%and the least among the unemployed 2.27%, while the relationship of chronic diseases has revealed the presence of 15 people suffering from chronic diseases and fungal infections arate of 15.45 %, the more chronic injuries were pressure disease, where they formed an injury rate of 40%.Results showed the inhibitory effect for antifungal Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Econazole, Clotrimazole, Nystatin, Amphotericin B against 12 type of fungus Pencillium, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium sp, Alternaria sp, Troulopsis sp, Mucor sp, Ulocladium sp, Geotrichum sp , Bipolaris sp , the antifungal Econazole was the most antifungal effective against isolated fungi and diameters of inhibition rate 30, 38, 20, 33, 30, 40, 35, 39, 27, 31, 19, 44? m of fungal species respectively, while the antifungal Amphotericin B show less effect against isolated fungi at arate of inhibition diameters 14, 19, 10, 10, 8, 12, 26, 18, 17, 22, 18, 21? m, respectively.As for the values of the MIC and MFC for Ketoconazole and Itraconazole for the fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus , Geotrichum sp found that antifungal Ketoconazole owned less MIC against all fungi, as it amounted to 0.24 Mg /ml of each one, while the MF Cagainst Aspergillus niger and Geotrichum sp was 7.8Mg /ml against Aspergillus flavus was 0.48 Mg /ml, while the antifungal - Itraconazole owned less MIC was 31.25 Mg /ml against all fungi, while the MFC was 62.5 Mg /ml against all isolates.The presnt study showed That fungal infections is one of the important causes of sinusitis infections and fungus Aspergillus spp is the most common.

دراسة مقارنة لعزلات بكتريا Staphylococcus aureus المعزولة من مياه النهر ومن حالات سريرية == A Comparative Study of Staphylosossus Aureus Bacteria Isolated From River Water And From Clinical Cases

Author name: بنين مدلول امانة الزيادي

Supervisor name: علي عبد رحيم الناشي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria

Degree: Higher Diploma

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: شملت الدراسة جمع 120 عينة اخذت من مصدرين مختلفين, 60 عينة منها جمعت من بيئة مائية هي نهر الديوانية, بينما كانت 60 عينة سريرية جمعت من الاشخاص الراقدين والمراجعين لمستشفى الديوانية ومن الاصابات الجلدية المختلفة التي شملت الدمامل, الحصف, التقشر الجلدي, الخر | The study included assemble 120 samples which had been taken from two different sources, 60 samples collected from An aqueous environment which is Al diwaniya river, where the rest 60 samples have been collected from those people who were admitted to the Al diwaniya hospital and from of different ages from male and female. Where the environment examples collected from different places of riverbed Al diwaniya. The duration of collection samples has lasted for 3 months, started One handrad isolated had been diagnosed that proved its belong to a bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, 50 isolated where taken from environment isolate and the other 50 taken from clinical isolate depending on the diagnostic methods which included tests of farm, microscopic and biochemical, It was also confirm the diagnosis of bacterial using accurate diagnosis that uses device VITEK System tested sensitivity of bacteria isolate of S. aureus, against 12 selected antibiotic, environment and clinical cases has shown resistance and sensitivity of different varied by source isolate, the nature of the antibiotic and the resistance and sensitivity have been determined by measuring diameters of areas inhibition around tablets of antibiotics it used.All the clinical isolates showed a complete resistance for the antibiotic Lincomycin with 100% percentage, where it's resisted Pnicillin G with 92%, Nalidixic acid with 42%, while the highest resistance of environment isolates was 97% for Lincomycin. The clinical isolates showed a sensitively against the two antibiotics which are Cefamandol and Cephalothin, where their percentages reached 98% and 89%, respectively. Where the percentage of environment isolates reached for the same antibiotics 100% and 97% respectively. In general, the clinical isolates were more resisted for the antibiotics than environment isolates in overall rate.differed values of minimum inhibitory concentrationsmic MIC and the minimum bactericidal concentration MBC among each other with variation of clinical isolates from side and differed with environment isolates from another side while the values differed with environment and clinical isolates from third side, where the highest value reached of MIC against Polymyxin B is (20 - 120) and (100 - 240) mg/ml for environment and clinical isolates respectively, while the highest value of MIC that also was against Polymyxin B reached (40 - 140) and (130 - 250) mg/ml for environment and clinical isolates respectively. Where the value of MIC against Cephalothin reached (0.01 - 0.6) and (0.8 - 2.0) mg/ml for environment and clinical isolates respectively. Finally, the highest value of MBC also was against Cephalothin reached (0.08 - 0.9) and (0.9 - 3.0) mg/ml respectively. In general, the bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations of the clinical isolates are higher concentrations from those bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations for environment isolates.I studied the virulence factors that come from strains of S. aureus bacteria environment and clinical which included Capsula, enzymes of Coagulase that are associated and free, , Lipase, Hyaloronidase and B - Lactamase in addition to Haemolysin clinical isolates and Leucocidin and all the environment isolates are the highest percenage in the ability to form and possess virulence factors compared with environment isolates, where the highest percentage to produce virulence factors is belongs to the Haemolysin which reached 94% percentage in the clinical isolates where in the environment isolates reached 64% percentage followed by Leucocidin that reached 84% percentage in the clinical samples and 40% percentage in the In environmental samples.Also the percentage of blood Coagulation enzyme the associated and free is the highest percentage in the clinical isolates which reached percentage 42% and 38% for the associated and free respectively, where the percentage in environment reached 20% and 36% respectively and the virulence factors was the least presence in the environmental and clinical isolates is the portfolio that reached percentage of presence 22% and 12% respectively.

دراسة مقارنة للتاثير السمي للزنبور الاحمر Vespa Orientalis L والزنبور الاصفر Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae على تحلل كريات الدم الحمراء والتخثر لدى الانسان == Poison Effects of Red Wasp Vespa Orientalis L. And Yellow Wasp Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) On The Decomposition of Red Blood Cells And Coagulation In Humans

Author name: شهد فلاح عباس

Supervisor name: سعدون ابراھیم اسماعیل | محمد عبد الرزاق الصوفي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Insects

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: To study the impact of toxic of the the Red Wasp Vespa orientalis L. and yellow wasp Polistes olivaceaus (De Geer) from family (Vespidae) the decomposition of red blood cells and clotting in humans. Were collected 508 insect Red wasp was where the number of workes 390 insect the yellow wasp gathered 539 insect where the number of worker 418 insect, and the diagnosis was confirmed based on the taxonomic keys and professors speclalized in the natural history museum and then extracting machine stinging for poisonWasp red and yellow toxin were purified by gel filtration throw Sephacryl S - 200 were obtained on three peaks of proteins, and when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp red toxin, the lysis activity of separate P1 was 98% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 47.3 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P2 was 62% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 27.53 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 13.67 minutes, so P1 separate from Wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics, while when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp yellow toxin, the lysisactivity of separate P2 was 91% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 43.8 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P1 was 49% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 19.28 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 7.52 minutes, so P2 separate from wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics The molecular weight of wasp red and yellow toxin the protein cm wasp red toxin P1 was 22387 Da and wasp yellow toxin P2 was 22382 Da using the gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200, while the carbohydrates content were 60.057 and 44.460 mg/ ml for wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin respectively as determined by phenol - sulfuric acid method, and type of link between carbohydrates and protein in the separate P1 and P2 investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 490 nm.The percentage of iron in wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin were 0.88 and 0.44 ppm respectively as determined by atomic absorption, the contain proteins separate P1 and P2 on the iron were investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 557 nm. The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 38 and 79% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at optimum pH to be 17.9 and 37.3 min at pH 4 and 8, respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P1 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 6 - 7.5, but it lost 67 and 25% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 15.6 and 35.4 minutes respectively The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 18 and 37% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at optimum pH to be 8.7 and 35.6 min at pH 4 and 8 respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P2 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 5.5 - 8, but it lost 74 and 19% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 12.6 and 39.5 minutes respectively The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 refer to increase activity by increasing the action temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then lysis activity was decreased to be about 4% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 1.8 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning to decrease with increasing temperature to loses 84% of its original lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at 35oCto be 2.3 min at 80oC.The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 refer to increase activity by increasing the reaction temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then Lysis activity was decreased to be about 8% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 3.9 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning todecrease with increasing temperature to loses 98% of its original Lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at 35oC to be 5.3 min at 80oC.The results refer to found a relationship between the influence of the wasp type and dose on the red blood cells lysis degree in males and females, it was observed that the concentration had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in females, it was 0.401 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 0.331 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in males, it was 1.020 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 0.842 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, also it refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05) between the effect of the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin and dose on the red blood cells clotting time in females, itwas 46.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 46.20 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells clotting time in males, it was 47.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 40.47 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, there was no significant effects for blood clotting time when making a comparison between the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin for eachconcentration in females and males. The compared between red blood cells clotting time due the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin dose in females and males did not refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05), the clotting time for wasp red P1 was 46.80 and 47.80 min at concentration 100% for females and males respectively, while the clotting time at concentration 6.25% was 17.30 and 17.10 min for females and males respectively, whilst the clotting time red blood cells due wasp yellow P2 toxin in females was 46.20 min and 47.40 min in males at concentration 100%, and it was 17.00 min in females and 17.10 min in males at concentration 6.25%.

دراسة مقارنة للتاثير الحامي للكبد بين الكويرسيتين ومستخلص الحلبة في ذكور الجرذان المسممة برباعي كلوريد الكاربون == Comparative Study of The Hepatoprotective Effect Between Quercetin And Trigonella Fenum Graecum Extract In Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity In Male Rats

Author name: نور حسون كاظم القرةغولي

Supervisor name: سحر محمود جواد الجمالي | محمد داخل الركابي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: يعد الكبد العضو الرئيسي المسؤول عن ازالة السموم في الجسم, مما يجعله الاول في التعرض للسمية الدوائية والكيميائية للمواد الداخلة للجسم من جميع الاعضاء, ووفق ذلك اجريت هذه الدراسة لمقارنة التاثير الحامي للكويرسيتين ومستخلص الحلبة على الانسجة الكبدية لذكور ال | The liver is the main organ responsible for removing toxins in the body, making it the first to face various chemicals from all of the organs, and according to this the study had designed to compare the hepatoprotective effect of the Quercetin and Trigonella foenum graecum extract on the liver tissues of male rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride, and to know their effects when used together. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Kufa, and included using of 30 rats from Sprague - Dawley divided into five groups : the negative control group, the positive control group, the group treated with organic extract, the quercetin treated group and the group treated with extract and quercetin together. The period of dosing continued for 7 days and on the eighth day all groups(except the control group) were poisoned with carbon tetrachloride. After 24 hours the animals were killed. The study lasted from April 2013 - until July 2013. The Liver weights of treated animals were measured, the effectiveness of transferase enzymes Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin level in the serum were assessed, also the Glutathione and Malondialdehyde levels were estimated in liver homogenized. The results showed the following : A significant increase (P<0.05) in the liver weights, the effectiveness of the amine transferase enzymes, Alkaline phosphatas and total bilirubin in the serum of the treated animals when compared with the negative control group, while these parameters revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) at the treated groups as compared with the positive control group. The results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the Glutathione level and a significant increment (P<0.05) in the level of Malondialdehyde in the treated groups when compared with the negative control group. Also, the results showed a significant decrease and increase (P<0.05) in the levels of Glutathione and the Malondialdehyde at the treated animals as compared with the positive control group. The present study showed numerous histological changes which resulted from the injection with carbon tetrachloride. In relation with the tissue sections which have been taken from the treated groups : with the extract, quercetin and the group treated with both revealed a protective effect for organic extract seeds of Trigonella foenum - graecum and quercetin drug on the liver tissues which had been poisoned and the best effect in the protection appeared at the group which was treated with the extract and quercetin together. From this study we can conclude that the Trigonella foenum - graecum organic extract and quercetin may reveal a protective role for the liver against carbon tetrachloride poisoning by maintaining the effectiveness of liver enzymes Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin level in the serum as well as by increasing the Glutathione level and falling the Malondialdehyde level in liver homogenized. Also we conclude that using Trigonella foenum - graecum organic extract and quercetin together led to double protection of the liver and efficiently as a result of the positive impact which resulted from using them together

تقييم كفاءة بعض المواد الكيميائية ومستخلص الماء المغلي والبارد لنبات الصبار (L.) Opuntia ficus indicaعلى حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus خارج الجسم الحي In == Evaluation The Efficiency of Some Chemicals And Boiled And Cooled Water Extracts of Cactus Opuntia Ficus Indica (L.) On The Protoscolices Viability of Echinococcus Granulosus In Vitro

Author name: اشجان محمد عريبي الخالدي

Supervisor name: احمد خضير عبيس الحميري

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Author name: وسن حمزة مزعل الشمري

Supervisor name: عبد الامير علي ياسين

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant - Physiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: اشتملت هذه الدراسة على ثلاث تجارب اثنتان منها مختبرية والثالثة حقلية وباهداف مختلفة على نبات زهرة الشمس. Helianthus annuus L. التجربة المختبرية الاولى نفذت بتاريخ 21/4/2013 ولغاية 1/5/2013 لمعرفة تاثير دقائق الفضة النانوية بتركيزين هما (, 2550) سم3. لتر | The study included three experiments, two laboratory and the third field experiment with different goals on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) the Spanish cv. Viki. The first laboratory experiment was performed from the period 21/4/2013 until 1/5/2013 to determin the effect of two nano silver concentrations 25 and 50 cm3/L and two concentrations organic fertilizer (Algastar) 0.75 and 1.5 g/L and two concentrations of salicylic acid 30 and 60 mg/L on seed and speed of germination of sunflower seeds by soaking the seed with above mentioned concentrations seperatly in addition to the control treatment which was soaked with distilled water only. The second laboratory experiment was perfomed from the period of 28/10/2013 until 4/12/2013. In this experiment sunflower seeds was soaked in 25, 50 cm3/ L nanosilver and 30, 60 mg/L of salicylic acid and the resulted plants were sprayed by 0.75, 1.5 g/L (Algastar) in addition to the control treatment during the third leaf stage to determine its impact on growth and shoot content of DNA, RNA and leaves content of oxidizing enzyme peroxidase and catalyase. The field experiment was carried out from the period of the agriculture 5/3/2013 until 18/6/2013 sixty five day after sowing the seeds the resulted plant shoots were sprayed with 25, 50 cm3/L of nanosilver, 0.75, 1.5 g/L of Algastar and salicylic acid 60, 120 mg/L in addition to the control treatment. The design of the first laboratory experiment was completely randomized design CRD with seven treatment and seven replication.The design of the second laboratory experiment was CRD with fifteen treatment combination and seven replications. The experiment design for the field experiment was rendomized complete randomized block design RCBD in factorial arrangement (3×3×3×3). The least significant difference LSD at 0.05% level was utilized for mean comparison, whenever treatment effect was evidents of Lab experiments. Resulted showed : - 1 - The use of silver nanoparticles, organic fertilizer (Algastar) and salicylic acid no effect neither on seed germination and nor to speed germination.2 - Results of the second laboratory experiment revealed that shoot content of of DNA, RNA was higher in plants resulted from soaking seeds with nanosilver and salicylic acid when sprayed by 1.5 g/L Algastar that with 0.75 g/L at the third leaf stages and leaves content of oxidative enzymes peroxidase, catalyase was higher when shoot were sprayed by 1.5 g/L organic fertilizer.The organic fertilizer Algastar in 1.5 g/L showed higher effect on all parameter studied in this experiment than 0.75 g/L. 3 - Treatment concentration of 50 cm3/L nanosilver and 1.5 g/L Algastar showed higher effect on plant height, number of root branches, fresh weight of shoot and root, leaf chlorophyll content as well as potassium, DNA, RNA and catalase enzyme.Results of the field experiment revealed 1 - The use of nano silver in 50 cm3/L /L had appositive effect on most vegetative parameters studied except stem diameter which was reduced at this concentrations.leaf content of auxins, seed content of DNA and RNA, phenols as well as protein, unsaturated fatty acid were also higher when 50 cm3/L of nanosilver was used while vicine content of the seed reduced. 2 - The use of organic fertilizer Algastar in 1.5 g/L improved most vegetative, flowering and the chemical constituents of seeds.But reduced stem diameter, seed content of vicine and saturated fatty acid 3 - Salicylic acid 120mg/L improved vegetative parameters and reduced stem diameter, seed content of vicine and saturated fatty acid (plmatic, stearic, archedic) and had no effect on specific leaf weight or seed content of saturated fatty acid myristic.4 - The interaction between of nanosilver and organic fertilizer revealed that concentrations of 50 cm3/L of nanosilver and 1.5 g/L of organic fertilizer improved vegetative and flowering parameters.Auxin content of the leaves, seed content of protein, phenoils, oil percentage and unsaturated fatty acid linoleic and oleic was higher at this treatment, But reduced vicine in seeds, and saturated fatty acids palmitic, stearic and had no effect on phosphours content of seeds and ? - linolenic.5 - The treatment concentration of 50 cm3/L nano silver and 120mg/L salicylic acid gave highest plant height, chorophyll content, auxins and seed content of phosphours, proteins and RNA while seeds saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic) were reduced to the a bove mentioned treatment concentration.6 - Treatment concentration of organic fertilizer and salicylic acid had fluctuate effect on parameter studied upon their concentrations.1.5 g/L of organic fertilizer and 120 mg/L salicylic acid increased protein, RNA, and linoleic acids of the seeds.Also 0.75 g/L of organic fertilizer and 120 mg/L salicylic acid increased ? - linolenic, but other treatment combination showed no effects on most parameters studied.7 - The three way interaction between nanosilver, organic fertilizer and salicylic acid reduced stem diameter and had no effect on leaf area, specific leaf weight, potassium, auxins, and seed content of vicine and seed oil percentage and oil production and fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, archedic, myristic, linoleic, oleic acid), but increased ? - linolenic.