Author name: محمد كاظم نعمة الخرسان

Supervisor name: مسلم حسب حسين

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

الهوية في شعر صعاليك ما قبل الاسلام == The Identity in the Poetry of Saaleks Before Islam

Author name: محمد سالم فرحان

Supervisor name: جنان محمد عبد الجليل

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: There is no doubt that the reality in the life of poets Alsalik was lacking in stability in many cases and since the human in the Arab society before Islam suffers from the power of the collective entity tribe and the value of the rights of his rights has strengthened the value of the sense of identity from here was chosen on the hair of the titans in the era of pre - Islam as a text the title of identity came in the Poetry of the pre - Islam Salik . the importance of the research lies in the serious attempt to complete a serious of studies that are concerned with the poetic heritage, and objective values, which were mainly in building the society at that time, and to work to create a state of communication between the nations past and present .In addition, the researcher had a desire to study poetry in order to study the requirements of our time. There have been many studies dealing with identity in the narrative fields and some modern poetry .These studies explicitly or implicitly indicate the lack of per - Islamic poetry in this aspect and its inability to fly on the human horizon And this heritage, which is in the depths of time, is not yet exhausted, and that the discussion of its issues remains renewed with the renewal of the visions and perceptions assigned to its studay and the exploration of its mysteries.We have relied on the data of cultural criticism, because of their problematic issues, as well as the openness of cultural criticism on the various monetary approaches that lit up important aspects in the speech of Saalikis.Abstract bAs we use such a science, we do not adopt it or take it as a follower. We looked at open text ablutions.The study was divided in to three chapters, preceded by a conclusion. The introduction dealt with the concept of identity, the concept of language and terminology, and the relationship between identity and stupidity.The first chapter was entitled " the problems of identity" . it is divided into there categories : the first is the economic influence of of poverty, the second is the ethnic influence the effectiveness of marginalization, and the third is the moral influence and the crisis of belonging .As for the second credit, he went up to study the types of identity. He come up with three questions : the first is the double identity, the second is the identity, the third is the artificial identity.The third chapter deals with the values of countermeasures and is distributed to three subjects.The first topic deals with escape flight, while the second section includes the observer's elevation, while the third section refers to the humanization of the animal.The research concludes with the conclusion of the most important findings. In conclusion, I may have succeeded in this endeavor without my claim of perfection in it, and the opinions of those concerned with the calendar and the discussion remain the great hope in this. And the last call to me is praise to Allah, lord of the worlds.

اسرار التعبير بحرف الجر في نهج البلاغة : دراسة نحوية تحليلية == Secrets of Expressing with the preposition in Nahj al - Balagha : An Analytical Grammatical study

Author name: قاسم درهم كاطع السعيدي

Supervisor name: خليل خلف بشير

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Studying the literary heritage texts is of great advantage as it is the way of revealing the rhetoric of the Arabic language and its treasures , specifically if these texts are from nahj al - balagha for they hold the primacy in the purity of language and eloquence . Nahj al Balagha was written by lmam Ali Bin Abi Talib , the master of eloquence , and this prompts the researcher greatly to ponder on Nahj al - Balagha long enough and then study Secrets of Expressing with the preposition in Nahj al - Balagha : an Analytical Grammatical Study . The nature of the study , however , requires to involves a preface , four chapter and a conclusion . The Preface deals with the theoretical ground to get at the vision selected in stating the meaning of the preposition in the ambiguous subject . so this required to discuss the views related to the meaning of the preposition used in the subjects where the sense is deepened , and the to come to an adequateview that the researcher depends upon in this study. Consequently , the date , which the research got inductively , has been divided into four chapter . The first chapter studies the secrets of expressing with the one - letter preposition which includes three topics : The first one deals with the secrets of expressing with the preposition ( baa ) the second one with the letter ( kaaf ) and the third one with the letter ( laam ) The second chapter tackles the secrets of expressing with the two - letter prepositions which consists of three topics : the first one studies the secrete of expressing with the prepositions ( ann ) the second one with the prepositions ( fee ) and the third one with the preposition ( min ) the third chapter deals with the secrets of expressing with the three - letter and four - letter propositions . This chapter is made up of three topice : the first one analyzes the secrets of expressing with the prepositions ( illa ) the second one with the proposion ( ala ) and the third one with the prepositions ( rubba and hatta ) The fourth chapter studies the secrets of collective meaning ( explanation , oath , accompaniment ). Finally , the conclusion which includes the most important results of the study . The approach followed in the study and in presenting the texts is an analytical approach because access to the ambiguous meaning requires deconstructions of the meaning into its components , reading the situations contexts accurately , and know what is associated with the context This thesis has depended on various sources and references , particularly books of grammar marked By studying the meaning of letters , such as Al - Azhia in the Science of Letter by Al - Harawi , and others. Regarding the explanations of Nahj al - Balagha , in fact , were great supports to expose the texts and understand the aimed at . Writing the thesis also depended on a number of those explanations and among them were Minhaj al - Bara'a by Al - khoel , The Explanation of Nahj al - Balagha by ibn Hadeed Al - Mu'tazili , and others. Infact , writng in such a research is not easy and feasible because the topic concerns with the speech of the master of guardians ( peace and blessing upon him ) and the judgment on a particular questions is not facile , Such a research required extreme accuracy which cannot be realized without pondering on the texts of Nahj al - BaIagha and then understand them adequately. Finally , I would like thank my tutor and my supervisor Dr . KHALEEL AHALEF BASHEER for his following up this thesis accurately . I also extend my thanks to all those who offered their beneficial advice, or a kind word , or a special invocation. However , I want just to say that l do not claim to have a chieved a perfect work . in fact , l have tried to do something that will be of use for those who intend to study the rhetoric and eloquent saying of lmam Ali Bin Abi Talib for no one is able to touch on the secrets of the writings and saying . What is right in this study is certainly from the incapacitated and helpless soul . There fore , I beg God to accept my whatever l do seeking His forgiveness and mercy

الانسجام الصوتي في خطب العرب ووصاياهم في عصر ما قبل الاسلام == Acoustic Harmony in Arab Speeches and Commandments in the pre - lslamic

Author name: علي عواد ميزر الزبيدي

Supervisor name: عدنان عبد الكريم جمعة السالم

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Pre - Islamic prose is still inexhaustible source of knowledge, scholars and others, of different levels and disciplines, make use of it as it is a subject carries art connotations. Undoubtedly, speech is the most significant means of communication among individual people and groups, and it is the most needed means of persuasion, satisfaction and influence in a recipient. Speeches and commandments are considered the most important means to which speakers resorted to in order to impact and persuade recipients. Those who are interested in the Pre - Islamic era speeches and commandments could find that there's a kind of a clear acoustic harmony. In other words, he sounds of the words they use are compatible with the intensity, softness, preaching, guidance, command and prohibition. These are carefully used for the purpose of achieving the desired purpose and getting spread among people, then easily memorized and used.The study is in an introduction followed by four chapters, then a conclusion of the most significant results found. The introduction has served the title (Acoustic Harmony in Arab Speeches and Commandments). The first chapter has paid much attention to study a syllable and importance of an acoustic harmony in forming an acoustic syllabic texture, which is under the title (Acoustic Harmony in Arab Speeches and Commandments). It consists of three sections, preceded by a preface stating ( syllable, its types, its characteristics). The first section is devoted to the study of assigning the correct verbs to pronouns, while the second deals with rebalancing an acoustic texture, and the third shows disapproval of succession of proverbs in the Arabic structures.The second chapter has discussed the harmony in neighboring sounds in context, which includes three sections. In the first section, there's a study on the diphthong phenomenon, in the second typicality, and in the third section a paradox phenomenon has been elaborated on. While the third chapter has paid much attention to study the phenomenon of vowel letter change and exchange. The fourth chapter goes on discussing an acoustic harmony in rhythmic phenomena in Arab speeches and commandments, containing three sections. The first section discloses repetition, while the second is on acoustic harmony, and the third focuses on an acoustic aesthetic assonance.The study has come with the following results : • This study is the first of its type in the field of Arab Speeches and Commandments in the Pre - Islamic era.• The speeches and commandments are considered the most important means of influence and persuasion on a recipients.• The study disclosed the influence of an acoustic harmony on sound syllables in Arab speeches and commandments.• Diphthonging seeks to achieve an acoustic harmony among neighboring sounds in the context in Arab speeches and commandments.• The study showed how Pre - Islamic speaker sought to create consistency and harmony among different sounds in the context.• The study disclosed that the acoustic repetition in Arab speeches and commandments is clear phenomenon, which was achieved through a number of levels, once through repeating a sound or word or a syllable. • The study disclosed that assonance of different types is a prominent sign in Arab speeches and commandments

خطاب الوعظ في نهج البلاغة : دراسة في لسانيات النص == Preaching Discourse in Nahaj Al - Balagha : An Analytical Study from the perspective of Text Grammar

Author name: علاوي ريسان كاطع العسكري

Supervisor name: نوري حساني علوان الكاظمي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The latest appearance of methods of researches associated with text grammar and analysis of discourse in 1960c caused an important change in the way of linguistic studies represented by a transfer from text to discourse as a complete unit. This direction attracts the attention of many researchers, some of them tried to find its origin and other tried to apply the foundation of this method on texts.As attempt to mix the heritage with modernity and to search heritage by new methods, we found the importance of applying this method on texts from heritage. Since Imam Ali' speech is described as lower than Allah' speech and higher than creatures' speech, I found that there are many reasons that attract me to have such a travel. Discourse has different forms and purposes, this thing led us to choose ''Preaching Discourse in Nahaj Al - Balagh : An Analytical study from the Perspective of Text Grammar''. Discourse is both spoken and written. Since discourse exists in letters and trusteeships, we decided that the title of the dissertation should be about discourse. This study consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The introduction is divided into three parts, the first part is an illustration of text and discourse, the second part includes an explanation of method of text grammar, its history and its well - known theorists and the third part is devoted to show types of discourse in Nahaj Al - Balagh, definitions of preaching discourse, the nature of discourse and its subjects according to Imam Ali. The four chapters are : Chapter One is divided into two parts, the first part describes lexical alloying and the second part illustrates grammatical alloying. Chapter Two is also divided into two parts, the first part is about denotative relationships, the structure of a text and the arrangement of the actions of discourse. Chapter Three is divided into three parts, the first part is about purposeful criterions which is associated with the producer of the text, the second part is about the acceptability of text which is connected with the recipient of the text and the third part medially. Chapter Four shows the criterions which are outside of the text. At the end of this study, some conclusions are arrived at. This study is descriptive and analytical. I begin with describing phenomena and then analyze these phenomena by using scientific ways and means

تقديم الشخصية في السير الشعبية العربية == Introducing Character in Arabic Folkloric Biography

Author name: رغد عبد النبي شنين

Supervisor name: سعيد عبد الهادي المرهج

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: We mean, when we mention a folk biography, that its popularity belongs only to the people and the people heritage, customs and traditions, this biographies are alike in between all folks, having the same plot which sometimes belongs, (popular biography), to the public tales , and this belonging is what makes them form far from of the higher cultures which were totally deal with high class people ,that led to carless with these tales and their description and writing. The folk biography include a number of long narrative works with similar artistic features and similar artistic objectives, as being an independent storytelling art, with its own artistic rules which are adopted by the most complete biographies and also, those biographies were written before the accruing of the higher artistic forms, and before it has all the clear features of the artistic folk biography.We have chosen, in our study of the folk biography, an important element of narration which is “the character” that may be the most important between these elements as it is develops the narrative event and contribute in its rise to an end in a time and a place determined by the producer of the text, and the critics have talked enough about the character, but they did not come up with a clear identification for it, the reasons may due to their perceptions of it, which is based mainly on qualities, also, on deference of reference systems which the concepts have derived their existence from, of which secures purpose of these reference systems. The references of those who are specialized in psychology are different from the reference of the Theology, Genetics and Sociology, and thereupon the concepts are different. .The limitations, that we can use for exploring the personal presentation techniques, are a number of artistic narrative methods which the novelist relies on to reveal the curtain from his characters before the reader and we will examine those methods in order to know the methods of characters presentation, we shall that especially in the folk biographies. My study is distributed between three chapters, and preceded by an introduction named(Folk Biography) and the Techniques of Characters Presentation), where I talked briefly about the folk biography concept and characters presentation techniques in the narrative, the first chapter was on character models in the Arabic folk biographies, and it included three sections, in the first one, I talked about the protagonist, the co - protagonist and the antagonist, whether in the second named (Secondary Characters), I talked about historical characters , wonder characters and realistic characters The second chapter was titled (The Presentation of the Character) and by using (Informing Presentation), and it comes in three suctions, the first one is titled (Description of the Feature) and (External Shape) , the second was titled (Naming Building and its symbolism) and the third was titled (Description of the inner worlds of the character) The third chapter was titled (Characters Presentation by using the Description (Appearing Presentation) which comes in three sections, the first was titled (The outer dialogue) , the second was (The inner dialogue), and the third was (The poetry dialogue).My work has faced a lot of obstacles which was difficulties like finding folk biographies copies and their study references which are existed in other countries other than Iraq, so I had to travel for them, also, the biographies was long and have a big number of characters and stories, as they represent an old era, and I had more problems like languages of these biographies as they were written in between the formal and street languages, ex : Bedouin, Syrian and Egyptian, that contain difficult Phrases to be understand, specially it represent an old era which contains a lot of grammatical and literal mistakes, and requires, for the purpose of scientific trust, quoting them from the biographies as the same as they are, after that, and for that reason I had to put my comments of correction, all that took a lot of my time and efforts but, by the help of Allah, my supervisor assistance and other teachers, I managed to accomplish what I think its suitable with the level I have reached in my study, and honors my university name

الاحتجاج الصرفي عند شراح الشافية في القرن الثامن الهجري == Morphological Evidence According To Al - Shafiya's Interpreters In The Eighth Hijri Century

Author name: باسم محمد عيادة الحلفي

Supervisor name: ليث داود سلمان

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The researcher may be tired and aware of his transfer from a chapter or a subject to another or from a science to another, but all this disappears when he gets the results of the study. When the result is the fruit of his labor and long efforts, his transition is nothing but comfort and pleasure. Of the most important findings of the study are as follows : - The evidence is a mental behavior to which a person is entitled in matters that deprive him of proving or denying it by means of various mental evidence based on general principles and rules that cannot be proven or denied. - The study proves that the evidence proves the speech of the author of his honesty, such as the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet (peace be upon him) and the words of the Arabs before his mission, in his time, and beyond. - It confirms that the witness and citation are no different from the evidence in terms of concept, both are linguistic evidence used by the grammarians to either confirm or deny. Therefore, between the evidence and the citation in general and specific due to the fact that they are equal in meaning and use, both are equal in that they prove the validity of the rule and opinion. However, the study proves that this general referred to as not being launched, there is another view is that the evidence is more than the citation because it is mind and transport either citation is only by transformation. - What has been proven in the study is that there are some terms that are very close to the two terms of evidence and citation : representation, ideals and examples. - What the study confirms is the use of large - scale the term evidence by the ancient scientists, but they expressed it in different words like cited, proving citation, and argument, and many more. - The study shows that there are many bases that are supported in the evidence by scientists that can be referred to as sources of evidence, which are generally transient and mental. The first, such as the Quran, Hadith of the prophet, and his evidence, and poetry and prose of the Arabs, proverbs and dialects. The second deals with analogy and morphology. There is a third type that does not include them, and this is what we call the other evidence. - What we have reached in our results is that the interpreters did not get out of the circles of the temporal and spatial evidence. They cited with the rules established and ruled by the grammarians in which they may be invoked, and the tribes did not depart from the tribes in which the eloquence and the statement from which the evidence is taken.

القصيدة الاعلامية في الشعر العراقي المعاصر منذ عام 2003 الى 2017م == Informative poem at Contemporary Iraqi Poetry Since2003 to 2017

Author name: باسم حساب راشد العبادي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Literature

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The reader of the contemporary Iraqi poetic works after the year (2003) and in the framework of poetic literature finds the emergence of poetic texts within the context of the media investing aesthetic through transmission to a means or a publicity holder, or news of what is outside the text in the basic degree ... This led to a decline in aesthetic value Within its teleological dimension in front of the topics arising from the conflict of ideological and ideological differences of the Iraqi society and the result of the new reality of cultural openness. This is justified by the adoption of poets in the construction of texts on the elements of popular attraction : objectivity, such as politics, religion, faith, doctrine and important events, and artistic with visual, musical, visual, inspirational, direct, and spontaneous, motivational, emotional, etc. to achieve propaganda, The political ... Through this, the idea of (the media poem in contemporary Iraqi poetry since 2003) was the subject of study ... What distinguishes our study is its comprehensiveness of the manifestations of the thematic issues in a period of time has not studied any study in this area, the era after 2003, which dealt with the poetic output until the end of 2017 as this period of the product is rich in conflicts and media issues ... As for the methodology of the research, the researcher adopted a descriptive and analytical approach based on monitoring the most important subjects in which the poets participated and then analyzing the texts to uncover the most important means of popular and artistic mass appeal adopted by the poets as informational marketers. The nature of the study imposed the paths of the work and was divided into three chapters preceded by a preliminary and followed by a conclusion and a list of sources and references. The introduction under the title (Political, Social and Cultural Changes in Iraq after 2003 was a brief reading). The first chapter came within the title of the media poem term and roots. It included three topics. The first topic was entitled (The media poem is a reading of the term). The title of the second subject (roots of the media poem in the Arabic poetry from the ignorance to the Abbasid period) Poeticism of the 20th century media poem) The second chapter was entitled "The manifestations of politics, the homeland, the society in the media poem" and included three topics : the first topic (the political poem), the second section is its title (homeland in the media poem) The third chapter entitled "The features of the active scene in the media poem" came in the first section entitled (religion in the media poem .. manifestations and multiple visions). The second topic was titled (manifestations of the interaction of the event in the media poem) The title of the third section (Other manifestations in the poem Media). The chapters were concluded with a conclusion that dealt with the most important findings of the researcher in this study.

التناص في كتاب العقد الفريد لابن عبد ربه 328 هـ

Author name: مها هلال محمد ال احمادي

Supervisor name: عبد الرحمن فرهود جساس | كاظم فاخر حاجم الخفاجي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: يعد كتاب العقد الفريد من الكتب التراثية ، التي تحمل كثيرا من القضايا المخباة في طياته ، التي تتناغم مع ما موجود اليوم في الساحة الادبية والنقدية ؛ مما جعله مدعاة الى الخوض في غماره ، ومحاولة استجلاب عدة التناص النقدية ، واخضاع عينات العقد الفريد ، الاخبارية المتنوعة والمختلفة الى تلك العدة ، ورؤية مدى التوافق الحاصل بين نظرية اليوم ، متمثلة بالتناص ، ورؤية الامس ، متمثلة باشارات تناصية مختلفة ، وكيفية تعامل اللسان العربي معها ، كل ذلك سنجده ماثلا في العنوان الموسوم بـ (التناص في كتاب العقد الفريد لابن عبد ربه ت 328 ه) . وقد قسمت البحث على اربعة فصول ، مسبوقة بمقدمة وتمهيد بعنوان (التناص) ، كان الفصل الاول بعنوان (العقد الفريد) ، شمل ثلاثة مباحث : الاول تناول المؤلف والعقد الفريد ، اما المبحث الثاني فقد ناقش دواعي التاليف والعنونة ، في حين سلط المبحث الثالث ضوءه على المنهج والروافد الفكرية والمرجعيات الادبية للكاتب . يعقبه الفصل الثاني بعنوان (تقنيات التناص) في خمسة مباحث : المبحث الاول بعنوان التناص الاجتراري ، والمبحث الثاني بعنوان التناص الامتصاصي ، اما المبحث الثالث فكان عنوانه التناص الحواري ، يليه المبحث الرابع بعنوان التناص الاستدعائي او تناص المزاوجة في حين يتناول المبحث الخامس التناص الاشاري . يليه الفصل الثالث بعنوان (اشكال التناص) جاء في مبحثين : المبحث الاول : التناص الديني ، والمبحث الثاني : التناص التراثي . ثم الفصل الرابع المعنون بـ (مقاصد الانزياح التناصي) وكان في جانبين : الاول : الجانب النظري تناولت فيه : المقصدية ، والانزياح ، والعلاقة بين المقصدية والانزياح . اما الجانب الثاني تناولت فيه ، مقاصد الانزياح التناصي في اربعة مباحث ، هي : مقاصد سياسية ، ومقاصد انكاتية ، ومقاصد وصفية ، ومقاصد متنوعة . ثم خاتمة تضمنت ابرز نتائج الاطروحة ، وابرز التوصيات المقترحة للدراسات التراثية اللاحقة ، سواء للعقد الفريد ام لغيره من كتب التراث العربي ، ثم قائمة بالمراجع والمصادر التي افاد منها البحث في رحلته ، مرورا بفقرة الملخص باللغة الانكليزية وانتهاء به . اما بالنسبة الى اهم المصادر التي يلجا لها الباحث في بحثه ، فكانت تعاني القلة وصعوبة الاختيار ، بين اسماء متنوعة ، لكن برصيد مستهلك ومكرر ، وهذه النقطة من النقاط الملموسة والمحسوسة ، حتى ان القارئ يجد نفسه امام كتاب واحد ، وليس كتبا متعددة ؛ لتكرار المعلومة ذاتها ؛ ولذلك جاءت تنظيراتي بعيدة نوعا ما ، عما يتلمسه القارئ في اثناء ازدحامات التنظير في الاطاريح الجامعية ؛ لذلك كانت اختياراتي محاطة بنوع من الدقة والتاني ، فضلا عن الايجاز ، الذي معه يجد المتلقي ما يبتغيه دونما اسراف او اطالة . واذا كان من مصدر خدمني وبقي لي رفيقا في اطروحتي ، فهو كتاب العقد الفريد باجزائه التسعة ، محاولة البحث عما يغني الموضوع ويسدد خطواته ويخدم خطته ومباحثه . اما المنهج المتبع في الاطروحة فهو المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ؛ كونه اقرب المناهج النقدية في دراستي البحثية . اذ حاول الباحث تجاوز المالوف في تلك الدراسات قدر الامكان ، والبحث في مجال المسكوت عنه ، في الجوانب التطبيقية للتناص ؛ ولان البحث قد حمل خصيصة للتناص ، ميزته عن سمة التناص الاعتيادي او المتواتر ، ووسمته بسمة الشعرية ، كان لزاما ان نجد طريقا اخر يختلف عن الطريق الذي تبنته الدراسات السابقة ؛ لابراز سمة التناصية في كتاب العقد الفريد وخصوصيتها ، عبر طرح خطة تتناول الجانب المالوف ، ثم محاولة اكمال المسير في تناول جانب اخر ، غير مطروح او متداول في الدراسات التناصية ؛ ولانني امام ابراز شعرية للتناصات الواردة في كتاب العقد الفريد ، تبنيت فكرة المقصدية ومدى ارتباطها وتعالقها مع قضية الوظيفة التناصية ، ومدى فقدان تلك الاخيرة في الدراسات التطبيقية التناصية . وفي الختام اود ان اتقدم بالشكر الجزيل ، لكل من وقف الى جانبي في محنة المرض ، وتساقط الهموم والاحزان ، شكرا لله  اولا واخرا ، ولنبينا محمد ولاهل بيته الكرام الطيبين الغر المنتجبين  ، والشكر للاستاذين المشرفين ، الاستاذ الدكتور عبد الرحمن فرهود جساس ، والاستاذ الدكتور كاظم فاخر حاجم الخفاجي ، على تواصلهما ومتابعتهما لي طوال مدة الدراسة ، فلهما مني اجمل الاماني بالخير والنماء ، والتوفيق والسداد في قابل الايام | This thesis sheds the lights on poetics of Intertextuality in ( Book of Unique decade to Ibn Abd Rabo 328 A.H) . There are a set of questions which need to study them. 1 - The book of unique decade is one of the most important books in old Arabic heritage, and it is in demand for its great importance. 2 - There are multiple intertextual materials. The researcher wants to make them prominent for the reader on the level of techniques , forms and needs. These two reasons made the researcher dedicate most of his time to look for and research in this domain.The researcher classified his thesis into four parts : Introduction and preface under the title " Poetic Forms and Intertextuality" and these parts as follows : Chapter one : This chapter contains three researches : - - The first research is "The author and the unique decade" - - The second research is " The purposes of authorship and rubric - - The third research is " Syllables, intellectual resources and it's reference Chapter two : Techniques of Intertextuality in four different researches which arranged as follows : - - The first research : The alajtarara Intertextuality. - - The second research : Absorption or intake Intertextuality. - - The third research : dialogic Intertextuality - - The fourth research : The recommended or matching research. - - The fifth research : The Intertextuality of Signs. Chapter three : Forms of Intertextuality can be divided into three studies. - - The first research : The religious and holy Intertextuality. - - The second research : The intertextuality with ample examples. - - The third research : The historical Intertextuality. - A - Chapter four : This chapter highlights on the purposes or goals of intertextual displacement and the connected relationship between them. It studies four researches : - - The first research : Political Purposes. - - The second research : Pleasurable Purposes. - - The third research : Descriptive purposes. - - The fourth research : Varied Purposes. In this chapter the researcher concludes all his ideas in four chapters as follows. The researcher wants to convey a very clear reflection or embodiment about the unique book for Abd Raba in 328 A.H. The researcher focuses on the poetics of Intertextuality which are available in author's works. All these works reflect many prominent merits of innovation and aesthetical styles of expressions. Also, the researcher aims to get an idea about how to make a well - formed intertextuality, and how to use them in the study from multiple domains, and we request Allah to achieve that successfully

Author name: عبد الله حسين خليف الكعبي

Supervisor name: كاظم فاخر حاجم الخفاجي | قاسم محمد كامل

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

حجاجية الخطاب القراني في موضوع الكافرين == Protesting the Qur'anic Discourse on the Subject of Disbelievers

Author name: الاء محمد كاطع الغالبي

Supervisor name: عبد الحسن علي مهلهل

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: The Qur'anic discourse is distinctly a speech in the argument way because it is a speech between two conflicting parties on a fundamental issue which is the unification of the Almighty God and the performance of his orders and avoid what is forbidden to him . The purpose of the speech is to influence and persuade the recipient . For this reason, the Qur'anic expression used different means of persuasion in order to convince him , so the subject of the research entitled ( Addressing the Disbelievers in the Holy Quran - Study in the Argument - ) . I discussed the speech directed by the Almighty God or the apostles (Peace be upon them) or believers to the unbelievers , as well as, the speech of the unbelievers among themselves ( between masters and followers ) . I mean disbelievers : - anyone who does not recognize the existence of God or associate with him or who does not follow the teachings or deny the messages of the apostles (Peace be upon them). I address the verses that addressed the unbelievers sometimes the term(kafir ) is referred to and sometimes the term ( kafir ) is not mentioned or one of its derivatives , instead the term ''polytheist'' or ''oppressor'' or ''corrupted '' or other term is used . The nature of the search required that it be divided in to (a foreword) and (three chapters) and (a conclusion) . The (foreword)was divided in to two sections : - the first section was summarized as saying in the concept of (protest) in terms of definition of language and style . And mentioned the concept of (protest) at the most important poles of the school of protest in modern times . The second section was to define the concept of (kufr) language and terminology and then asked to mention the types of disbelievers who were included in the research , sometimes there is no mention of the (kafir) in particular , but there are words that differ from the root of the language of the (kafir) , but in the content enters the circle of (kufr) . I focused on ( polytheists and devils ) and studied the semantic differences between them and (kufr) . The first chapter was entitled ( Mechanisms of Arguing in Addressing the Unbelievers ) and included two topics ,the first entitled( Mechanisms of Language ) and examined : 1 - the impact of the links protests in addressing the infidels . And : 2 - the impact of protest methods in addressing the infidels , the second topic included (Rhetorical Mechanisms )and examined the effect of rhetorical mechanisms of analogy , metaphor and metonymy in directing the protest which is directed against the unbelievers . I would also like to note that I have listed chapter one with ( Mechanisms), but I mentioned only two mechanisms ( linguistics & rhetorical ) .This is because each mechanism falls under the concept of many mechanisms ,and this is why the designation chapter(Mechanisms). The second chapter , which was entitled ( The Relations of Protest in Addressing the Unbelievers in the Holy Quran ). This chapter has subheadings , namely , five relationships : - ( relationship of necessity , relationship of sequence , casual relationship , relationship of conclusion and relationship of non - agreement ). The third chapter was entitled ( Patterns of Protest in Addressing the Disbelievers in the Holy Quran ). It included three topics , the first section entitled '' Mental Argumentation '' and included quasi - logical arguments and rational arguments , the second topic was entitled ''Steering Argument '' which included : - 1 - guidance of preaching . 2 - guidance by induction. 3 - guidance on mentioning the consequences of things ( intimidation) . The third topic was entitled ''Impossible Argument '' and included the ''miracles'' that were used for the arguments of the unbelievers and the infidelity of them upon the truthfulness of the law of the Lord of the world . And included the miracle of the Quran and the sensual miracles . Finally the conclusion and I summarized the main findings of the research

المعلقات السبع : دراسة في ضوء لسانيات النص == The seven AL - MuaLakaat A study in the light of the text linguis

Author name: احمد دريس حسن

Supervisor name: مجيد مطشر العامر

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: وعجزت عن نعته اوهام الواصفين . والصلاة والسلام على امين الله على وحيه ، ونجيبه من خلقه ، وصفيه من عباده ، امام الرحمة وقائد الخير، ومفتاح البركة ابي القاسم محمد ، وعلى اله الطيبين الطاهرين ، وصحبه الغر المنتجبين وبعد ... فقد شهد علم اللغة في العقدين الاخيرين من القرن المنصرم حركة تجديد في الدرس اللغوي ، فبعد ان كانت الجملة تعد اساس الدراسة اللغوية ومنتهاها ، بل هي اكبر وحدة لغوية فيها ، اتجهت الانظار الى الاهتمام بفضاء اوسع وهو فضاء النص ؛ لذا تحول الدرس اللساني من التعامل مع الجملة الى التعامل مع النص ، محاولا الولوج في عالمه ، وسبر اغواره ، وكشف كنهه ، ومعرفة استراتيجياته ووسائله ؛ فتناوله الباحثون اللسانيون بالبحث والوصف والتحليل ، هدفهم ـ من ذلك كله ـ صياغة نظرية لغوية تعتمد على النص اللغوي كله ، لا تتعامل مع التركيب اللغوي النحوي الا بانه استراتيجية من عدة استراتيجيات واعتبارات متنوعة منها اللفظية والدلالية والمقامية انضوت في كنف عالم اوسع يدعى النص ؛ فنتج عن ذلك ما عرف بنحو النص او علم النص او لسانيات النص . لقد اخذ اللسانيون والباحثون والدارسون باطراف رداء هذا العلم ، محاولين تطبيق وسائله على بعض ميادين اللغة او غيرها ، سواء كانت نثرية ام شعرية ، فحاول الباحث ان يكون له نصيب من هذا الميدان الرحب ؛ لذا ولى بوجهه شطر المشرف على البحث الاستاذ الدكتور مجيد مطشر عامر، ليجده مشجعا دافعا له لدراسة هذا الميدان ، وموجها الباحث صوب ذلك التراث اللغوي الشعري الضخم المسمى بالشعر الجاهلي ؛ ليغرف منه شعر المعلقات السبع ، فيجعلها ميدانا للعمل والتطبيق ، فالنص الادبي ليس حكرا على صاحبه ، بل هو ملك للمتلقي متى ما ولد وخرج من يد صاحبه ، اصبح لمتلقيه الحق في سبر اغواره ، وفك رموزه كما يراها . وبعد التفكير مليا وجد الباحث اعتماد هذا الميدان اللغوي عامة ، وشعر المعلقات السبع خاصة موضوعا يستحق البحث والدراسة ؛ لعدة اسباب ، منها : ان الشعر الجاهلي يمثل لبنة البناء الراسخ الاول للشعر العربي، ويمثل نصا خصبا يغري الباحثين والدارسين ؛ كونه مكتنزا بالطاقات الابداعية، والفنون اللغوية ، والصور الجمالية التي تحرك الخيال الجامح عند المتلقي ، وتمده باللذة الشعورية الفياضة ، فالشعر الجاهلي كان وما يزال منبعا ثرا وميدانا خصبا لا ينضب للدراسة والبحث ، وموضوعا حيا يحمل في طياته الشئ الكثير . فضلا عن ذلك كله ان الشعر الجاهلي واعني منه شعر المعلقات السبع لم يدرس ـ على حد علمي ـ دراسة لسانية شاملة تتناول كل مفاصل الدرس اللساني النصي حسب معايير ديبوجراند السبعة ، وهي : السبك ( الاتساق ) ، والالتحام ( الانسجام ) ، والقصد ، والقبول ، ورعاية الموقف ( المقامية ) ، والتناص ، والاعلامية ـ وهو منهج دراسي لساني يعتمد دراسة النص حسب المعايير المذكورة سلفا اطلق عليه الدكتور احمد عفيفي مصطلح لسانيات النص او نحو النص في كتابه ( نحو النص اتجاه جديد في الدرس النحوي ) ـ سوى دراسات مقتضبة جاءت ضمن ابحاث ودراسات لغوية عامة ، مثل ( بناء الجملة في المعلقات السبع ، دراسة نحوية دلالية ) للباحث فريد العمري ، و( المعلقات العشر دراسات في التشكيل والتاويل ) للباحث صلاح رزق ، و( الخطاب واثره في بناء نحو النص ، تطبيق على المعلقات السبع ) للباحث عبد المهدي الجراح ) ، ودراسة الدكتورعبد الملك مرتاض الموسومة بـ (السبع المعلقات مقاربة سيميائية انتربولوجية لنصوصها ) وفيها تناول التناص في شعر المعلقات السبع ضمن دراسته التاريخية الاجتماعية هذه ، ودراسة اخرى مختصرة للباحث سعد خضير عباس في بحثه الموسوم ( الموسيقى في المعلقات السبع ) وفيه درس بحورها وقوافيها وانوع تلك القوافي وعيوبها ، ودرس الموسيقى الداخلية لها كالتصريع والتدوير والجناس والطباق والتكرار وغيرها ؛ لذا سيكتفي الباحث بدراسة عبد الملك مرتاض للتناص ، مع اطلالة اكثر ايضاحا على الموسيقى الداخلية دون الخارجية ؛ لاكتفاء الباحث بدراسة الاخير لها . امراعاية الموقف ( المقامية ) فقد ارتاى الباحث ان لا يخصص للمقامية مبحثا خاصا بها ؛ لتداخلها مع باقي مباحث الدراسة ، فضلا عن الاشارة الى وسائلها في اثناء المباحث . وحري بالباحث بعد ذلك ان يقف على بعض التساؤلات التي قد تتبادر الى الاذهان عن علة اختيار سبع معلقات دون التسع او العشر ، وحصرها بمجموعة من شعراء العصر الجاهلي دون سواهم من الشعراء وهم : امرؤ القيس ( ت 80 ق . هـ ) ، وطرفة بن العبد ( ت 70 ق . هـ ) ، والحارث بن حلزة ( ت 50 ق . هـ ) ، وعمرو بن كلثوم التغلبي ( ت 40 ق . هـ ) ، وعنترة بن شداد ( ت 22 ق . هـ ) ، وزهير بن ابي سلمى ( ت 13 ق . هـ ) ، ولبيد بن ربيعة العامري ( ت 40 هـ ) . والجواب على ذلك ان العدد سبعا قد اقترن ـ في الاعم الاغلب ـ مع الاشارة الى هذه القصائد دون باقي الاعداد عند المتلقين قدماء ومحدثين . اضف لذلك ما يلحظ عند اغلب شراح المعلقات المشهورين ـ من القدماء ـ انهم لم يطلقوا اسم المعلقات على شروحهم ان جاوز شرحهم سبع قصائد ؛ ومرد ذلك انهم كانوا يشرحون المعلقات السبع ويضمون لها ما سواها كما هو الحال عند النحاس ( ت 338هـ ) في مؤلفه ( شرح القصائد التسع المشهورات ) ، والتبريزي (ت502هـ ) في ( شرح القصائد العشر ) ؛ لتشمل المعلقات وغيرها ، فضلا عن ذلك ان نقصان العدد عن السبع يفرض ـ هو ايضا ـ على القدماء العدول عن تسمية المعلقات الى القصائد كتسمية القصائد الست عند عبد الملك بن قريب الاصمعي ( ت 216هـ ) ، او الاشعار الستة عند ابي الحجاج الاعلم الشنتمري ( ت 476هـ ) ؛ فدلالة ذلك كله ظاهرة على العدد ؛ وبذا تكون تسمية ( المعلقات ) جامعة لها مانعة لما سواها. اما فيما يخص اصحابها بما ذكر من اسماء شعراء العصر الجاهلي دون غيرهم ، فمرد ذلك الى ان اشهر شراح المعلقات ومتلقيها قديما قد حصروا اصحاب المعلقات السبع بهذه الاسماء دون غيرها كابي بكر محمد بن القاسم بن الانباري ( ت 328هـ ) في شرحه ( شرح القصائد السبع الطوال الجاهليات ) ، وابي جعفر احمد بن محمد النحاس ( ت 338هـ ) في شرحه ( شرح القصائد التسع المشهورات ) بعد ان نوه في خاتمة شرحه لقصيدة عمرو بن كلثوم الى انها اخر السبع المشهورات على مرااه من اكثر اهل اللغة ، واضافته لقصيدتي النابغة الذبياني ( ت 18 ق . هـ) والاعشى ( ت 7هـ )؛ كان لتاثره باقوال اهل اللغة والادب ؛ لضمهم الشاعرين الى اشعر شعراء العصر الجاهلي ؛ مما حدا به بضم قصيدتيهما الى السبع مصرحا الى انهما ليستا من القصائد السبع عند اكثر اهل اللغة ، انما جاء عمله هذا ؛ للجمع بين اكثر من رواية ، وينسب ابو عبد الله حسين بن احمد الزوزني ( ت 486هـ ) المعلقات للشعراء المذكورين فيما سلف في شرحه ( شرح المعلقات السبع ) ، وقد حصر يحيى بن علي التبريزي ( ت 502هـ ) اصحاب المعلقات بما تقدم ذكره من شعراء في شرحه ( شرح القصائد العشر ) ؛ وذلك عندما اشارة اشارة لا تقبل الشك او التاويل الى ان المعلقات سبع ، وما بعدها مزيد عليها ، ذكر ذلك في خطبته التي استهل بها شرحه الموسوم بـ ( شرح القصائد العشر ) بعد ان تابع ابا جعفر احمد بن محمد النحاس (ت 338هـ ) في اضافة قصيدتي النابغة (ت 18ق .هـ ) والاعشى (ت 7هـ ) مضيفا اليها قصيدة اخرى ـ غير معللة الاضافة عنده ـ لعبيد بن الابرص (ت 25ق.هـ ) ؛ ليكون العدد عنده عشرا ؛ وبذلك تكون اضافة النابغة والاعشى عند النحاس والتبريزي ؛ برغبة النحاس الى الجمع بين الروايتين ؛ وبمتابعة التبريزي للنحاس في ذلك الهدف . كما ان من اسقط من هؤلاء السبعة نوه عليه غيرهم ؛ اذ يذكر الحسن بن رشيق القيروانـي ( ت 463هـ ) في كتابه ( العمدة ) ، والسيوطي ( ت911هـ ) في ( المزهر ) رواية لابي زيد القرشي ( ت 255هـ ) عن ابي عبيدة معمر بن المثنى ( ت 238هـ ) في ترتيبهما لاصحاب المعلقات انهما اسقطا من اصحاب المعلقات عنترة والحارث بن حلزة واثبتا الاعشى والنابغة ، وكل من القيرواني والسيوطي يشيران الى ان القرشي وابا عبيدة قد خالفا ما عليه اغلب القراء المعاصرين انذاك ـ وهنا يبدو اعتراضا على ذلك الاسقاط واستغرابا لذلك الاثبات ـ وبذلك يكون عدد المعلقات سبعا ، واصحابها قد اتفق عليهم . وعليه وتبعا لمقتضيات موضوع الدراسة ؛ فقد ضم البحث ثلاثة فصول سبقها مقدمة وتلتها خاتمة وقائمة للمصادر . ضم الفصل الاول الذي عنونه الباحث بـ ( الاتساق النصي ) ثلاثة مباحث ، درس في المبحث الاول الاتساق الصوتي بوسائله الثلاث : الجناس ، والتوازي ، والتنغيم ، ودرس في المبحث الثاني الاتساق النحوي بوسائله الاربع : الاحالة والربط والاستبدال والحذف ، اما المبحث الثالث فقد درس فيه الاتساق المعجمي بوسيلتيه التكرار والمصاحبة المعجمية . وجاء الفصل الثاني بعنوان : الانسجام النصي ليضم مبحثين : درس في الاول العلاقات الدلالية النصية الكبرى في نصوص المعلقات الجاهلية السبع ، وخصص الثاني لدراسة البنى النصية الكبرى المكونة لنصوصها . اما الفصل الثالث ؛ فقد جاء بعنوان ( معايير نصية اخرى ) ، وضم في ثنيه ثلاثة مباحث ، خصص الاول منها لدراسة القصدية ووسائلها في نصوص المعلقات الجاهلية السبع ، وتطرق في الثاني الى المقبولية والعوامل المؤثرة فيها ، في حين تناول الباحث في المبحث الثالث انماط الاعلامية المتحققة في نصوص المعلقات الجاهلية السبع . وقد اعتمد الباحث في دراسته على المنهجين : الاستقرائي والتحليلي وهو ما تتطلبه طبيعة الدراسة ، معتمدا كتب التراث المتمثلة بالشروح وغيرها من كتب الادب والنقد ، فضلا عن اعتماده على مصادر الدراسات والابحاث اللسانية الحديثة ، واعتمد الباحث على الاشارة الى ذكر سنة وفاة شعراء المعلقات مرة واحدة فقط ، وذلك عند ذكر اسم الشاعر لاول مرة ؛ دفعا للتكرار . ولا بد للباحث ـ هنا ـ من التنويه الى اعتماد دواوين خمسة من شعراء المعلقات الجاهلية السبع في تثبيت متون نصوص معلقاتهم ، مستثنيا منها متني معلقتي عمرو بن كلثوم التغلبي والحارث بن حلزة ، اذ اعتمد الباحث في تثبيت نصوص المعلقتين على شرح ابي بكر محمد بن القاسم بن الانباري ( ت 328هـ ) ؛ وذلك لعدم امكانية الحصول على طبعة علمية معتمدة في الاوساط العلمية والاكاديمية لديواني كلا الشاعرين ؛ مما حدا بالباحث الى اعتماد الشرح المتقدم الذكر بتحقيق عبد السلام محمد هارون دون غيره من المصادر المتضمنة لمتني المعلقتين ؛ لان المصدر المنوه عنه اعلاه من المصادر العلمية المعتمدة ؛ كونه يعود لعالم من علماء اللغة والنحو والادب والقراءات والتفسير في القرن الرابع الهجري ، ثقة ثبت صدوق حافظ ورع صالح، شهد له بذلك العديد من العلماء كابي علي القالي (ت 356 هـ ) فيما ورد عنه في ( طبقات القراء ) لابن الجزري ( ت833هـ ) ، وابن النديم ( ت 380 هـ ) فـي ( الفهرست ) ، والازهري ( ت 370هـ ) في مقدمة معجمه ( تهذيب اللغة ) ، فضلا عن كون المصدر المذكور انفا قد حققه عبد السلام محمد هارون ، وهو محقق المعي معروف بالدقة والتوثيق في عمله ؛ مما حدا كل ذلك بالباحث الى اعتماد المصدر المتقدم الذكر . ولا يخلو اي عمل يحاول صاحبه ان يتمه على احسن وجه ان تلاقيه بعض الصعوبات ، كما هو الحال في الدراسة هذه ، اذ واجهت الباحث صعوبات منها شحة الدرسات اللسانية التي تناولت الشعر العربي الجاهلي عامة وشعر المعلقات خاصة ضمن المناهج اللسانية الحديثة ؛ مما استدعى ذلك من الباحث الاعتماد في كثير من الاحيان على الذات في قراءة النتائج والوصول الى الاحكام ، ومن الصعوبات الاخرى دلالة بعض نصوص المعلقات الجاهلية السبع التي حيرت الباحث كثيرا واجهدته في الوصول الى ما يبتغيه صاحب النص من مقصد . وفي الختام اود اولا ـ وقبل كل شكر ـ ان اقدم شكري وامتناني وتقديري الى اولئك الابطال المرابطين في سوح الوغى وساحات القتال من ابطال جيشنا الباسل ومتطوعي حشدنا الشعبي ، تلك الثلة الطيبة التي تعانق الموت كل يوم دون ان ترعد فرائصهم ، او ان تغفو عيونهم ، فلولاهم لما ولد هذا العمل ، بل علنا لم نكن الان جالسين هنا لنبدي رايا ، او نسمع تقويما . واقدم شكري وامتناني لاستاذي الفاضل المشرف الدكتور مجيد مطشر عامر ، فكل كلمات الشكر والثناء لا تفيه حقه ؛ اذ وجدته اخا قبل ان يكون مشرفا ، تفضل علي بالكثير من مصادر البحث ، وقبل ذلك كان المرشد لي في تسجيل الموضوع ـ كما اسلفت ـ والموجه الحقيقي الذي تبناه فكره ، واضفى عليه توجيهاته ليشتد عوده، وكان طوال اشرافه على هذا البحث يكرمني بوقت مفتوح لمناقشته ، فتح لي قلبه قبل بيته ، فاعترف له بالشكر والامتنان ما حييت . والشكر موصول الى اعضاء لجنة المناقشة ولا سيما من تجشم منهم عناء السفر ، وخطورة الطريق ليبدي ملاحظه التي تمثل هدايا مقبولة سلفا . واوجه شكري الى كلية الاداب ممثلة بعميدها ومعاونيه ، وقسم اللغة العربية ، بدءا برئيس القسم ، وكادرها التدريسي سواء من اشرف على الباحث في السنة التحضيرية ام سواهم .واقدم شكري لموظفي مكتبة كلية الاداب لما ابدوه من تعاون مع الباحث في توافر المصادر ذات الشان . اقول : هذا جهد باحث متعلم عل سبيل النجاة حاول ان يبعث ماضيا قديما بثوب جديد ، قد يصيب فيه ، وقد يعتريه الخطا ، فلا نزعم لهذه الدراسة الكمال ، فالكمال لله تبارك وتعالى ، فان اصاب فذلك بعون من الله ومدد منه ، وان قصر او اخطا فمن نفسه ، نسال الله ان يغفر لنا ذنوبنا ، وان يمحو عنا سيئاتنا انه نعم المولى ونعم النصير ، واخر دعونا ان الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيد الخلق اجمعين وعلى اله وصحبه المنتجبين والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته . | The Seven texts Al-MuaLakaat ignorance represent a wide field of Arabic language rich in its bid , torrential in its article as it carries with it a big thing of all language arts are a fertile womb gives scholars and researchers , what's aspires accessible ? This study came as an attempt tried researcher in linking the ancient Arabic linguistic heritage of pre – Islamic poetry in general . And the seven Al-MuaLakaat especially with the lesson lingual talk its strategy and various means of multiple of coherence and harmony and the in clusion of each of the topic lingual textual distributed to chapter and sections of this study as researcher in the first chapter of consistency trying to text application of mechanisms multiple as audio formats in its three means (paronomasia , parallelism and toeing ) and grammatical consistency in the its four means ( The referral , subsituated connectivity and deletions ) with consistency lexical of ( repetitive and accompanying Lexical ) plus sections of harmony such as relations semantic text and the major infrastructure text add to that all , other text standards it has been applied on the seven text Al-MuaLakaat ignorance represented (intentionality , acceptability , media ) Above all the piece was followed by an introduction and conclusions supported in the ptece inductive analytical approach to poetic texts . this study has proved the validity of the application of these differ cal text standards for modern lingual lesson in achieving consistency and harmony on a group of ancient Arabic poetry texts belonging to seven of the poets of pre-Islamic as : Emero' Al-Qais , Turfa – bin – AL-Abid Al-Harith – bin – Hallza , Omro – bin - Kalthom – Al-Taqlabi , Antarah – bin- Shadad , Zuhair – bin – Ibi – Sulma , Labud – bin – Rabiah Al-AmeriHowever , how appropriate the old poetic text and make it a suitable material for the and research in the so-called text linguistic .

اتجاهات الشعر العربي من خلال كتاب (قلائد الجمان) لابن الشعار (ت654هـ) : دراسة موضوعية فنية

Author name: حسين طه علي احمد السامرائي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Literature

Degree: Doctorate

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Author name: اياد عبد الجبار احمد الويسي

Supervisor name: نصيف جاسم محمد علي الخفاجي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

البحث الدلالي في كتاب الايضاح في شرح مقامات الحريري للمطرزي ت610هـ == Semantic Investigation in Al - Edah Book in the Explanation of Maqamat Al - Hariri for Al - Mutarizi

Author name: همم راضي عليوي

Supervisor name: محمد بشير حسن

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Literature

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

شعر الغزل بين عمر بن ابي ربيعة وبشار بن برد ونزار قباني : دراسة بلاغية موازنة == Romantic Poetry between Omar Bin Abi Rabea, Bashar Bin Burd and Nazar Qubane (A Pithiest Paralleled Study

Author name: خالد فائز ياسين

Supervisor name: خالد علي مصطفى

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Literature

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: This dissertation title " Romantic Poetry between Omar Bin Abi Rabea, Bashar Bin Burd and Nazar Qubane - A Pithiest Paralleled Study " , inanalyzing romantic poems in stylistic way . This science is a beneficialelement of stylistics and different levels of language " structural ,morphological , and phonological " besides other artistic aspects inanalyzing a literary text . Stylistics deals with a poetic text as being acomplete structure comprising in it elements of the text and partialstructure. Also the direction of criticism is towards poetry not the poet ,by that it is necessary to teach poet's poetry separate or far from theinfluence of desire and felony of generalization .In this study the researcher chose three poets ( as mentioned before )concentrating the speech on a common poetry aspect between the threewhich might barely be the most common in their poetries . This aspect islove , and the study of love in these three poets was not new . It has beendealt previously by several researchers . They studied it separately in eachpoet and demonstrated its types and directions , by studies that could bedescribed as artistic and subjective . But , they did not deal with concernthe stylistic study , even if we find stylistic studies dealing with all thepoets poetry . This study was done dealing with one purpose in poemshaving one subject . On the other hand , the study dealt with the stylisticaspect accurately in each poet by demonstration , and stylistic analysis .The study started with a theoretical part about ; first : stylisticsbetween the theory of the term and the concept ; second : showing themeaning of comparison and its styles in Arabic heritage . Then dealingwith concept of paralleling and its styles in Arabic heritage . Also ,through reading love poetry of the three poets stylistically . The study isdivided into two chapters, each chapter contained five sections . The firstchapter was entitled " structural level " and its sections are ; first section ( style of interrogation ) , second sections ( style of command ) , third section ( style of vocation ) , it is known that these styles are structural ordered styles demonstrating artistic aspects of their usages by each poet and most significant metaphorical aspects of each style , fourth section ( repetition ) mentioning in it types and patterns of a single poetic line , and its style in connecting , and finally the fifth section ( alliteration ) mentioning in it the verbal expressions of this art and its place in poetic line . As for chapter two it is entitled " levels of image formation " and contained five sections , as follows : Section one " sources of forming image of Romances " . Section two " images of simile " .Section three " images of allegory " .Section four " images of allegory " .Section five " contradiction ( antithesis and paralleling ) " .The study came to several results : - The researcher found common manner in structure of interrogation between the three poets . Especially, in the poets " Bashar and Omar " sometimes the researcher finds that their poems have an opening of this kind of style . Also , the technique of concrete interrogation has been found in the three poets . - In repetition and from the samples that has been exposed in the study , it is found that the repetition of expressions has taken a huge space especially in the poems of " Nazar " thought they are different in form it has been employed beautifully . - In alliteration , which is a rich style used by the three poets in all its types and forms , we find " Omar and Bashar " committing to all its classifications and common structural places in the line of a poem . - In the second chapter : we found in section one ( sources of forming image of love ) the experiment of feeling is varied in the three poets with existence of lines the poems that meet in the poems of the poets Omar and Bashar , especially , in the openings of their poems . Where we find them standing on remains addressing friends . This opening toke a wide space in the poems of Omar compared to Bashar , and disappearing totally in Nazar Qubane poems . Then we find narration and dialogue in the three poets with existence of similar art in poetic messages in experience of Nazr Qubane dealing in it with his passions within the frame of his emotions. - In the second section ( simile style ) the researcher found that the three poet's attitudes are to build a complex image of simile , which give an expressional value wider than simile called " individual simile " . - Section three ( allegory ) our study in this section is limited to diagnostic allegory or what is called dynamic allegory since having vitality and flexibility in drawing the poetic image and the researcherfound big constancy in using such kind of allegory.

البحث النحوي القراني عند العلماء المصريين المحدثين == The Quranic and Syntactic Research of the Contemporary Egyptian Scientists

Author name: صدام مجيد داود

Supervisor name: ابراهيم رحمن حميد الاركي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language - Grammar

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

قرائن المعنى في ديوان الحماسة لابي تمام في ضوء شروحه == Sense Devices in Abu Tammam's "Divan Al Hamasa" (The Book of Zeal) in the Light of his Explanations

Author name: سهى ياسين زيد رشيد

Supervisor name: ليث اسعد عبد الحميد

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

اثر ابي تمام والبحتري والمتنبي في شعر الجواهري == Influence of Abi Tammam, Al - Buhturi and Al - Mutanabbi in Poetry of Al - Jawahiri

Author name: صندل سلمان ابراهيم النداوي

Supervisor name: صلاح مهدي الزبيدي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Author name: هيرش عبد الله لطف الله

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: The books in Quran meaning and parsing are regarded as the main sources of dictionaries. They provide dictionaries with contextual meaning of Quran vocabulary. A linguist cannot dispense such sources. The amount of significance varies from one dictionary to another especially in big dictionaries. The methodological relation between these two types of works gave vitality to modern linguistics by revealing the significance of Quran meaning and parsing in Arabic dictionaries. The researcher chose "Al Muhkam wa Al Muhit Al A'dam" dictionary by Abu Al Hassan Ali bin Ismail, known as Ibn Sayiduhu Al Andalusi (d. 458 A.H.). The result was the title of the study : The Impact of The Books of Quran Meaning and Parsing in "Al Muhkam wa Al Muhit Al A'dam." The study relied on the works of Quran meaning, parsing, and strange uses as well as dictionaries, Quran recitation, syntax, morphology, and interpretation of Quran to define the linguistic fact that the books of Quran meaning and parsing have a great impact on dictionaries like "Al Muhkam wa Al Muhit Al A'dam" by Ibn Sayiduhu. This study consisted of an introduction, a background, four chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction contained a brief biography of Ibn Sayiduhu and an introduction to his work and linguistic resources as well as an introduction to Quran meaning and parsing. The first chapter studied three phonological phenomena : Hamza (glottal stop), assimilation, and merging. The second chapter studied morphological phenomena and issues like adding letters, derivation, morphological deletion. The third chapter discussed grammatical aspects like grammatical terminology, grammatical interpretation, grammatical controversy, and parsing. The fourth chapter contained the opinions of Ibn Sayiduhu about the meaning of Quran. He was following the opinions of the specialists in the meanings of Quran in the interpretation of several verses of the Quran in order of their occurrence in the Holly Quran. The conclusion contained the most important results of the study like : 1. Revealing the strong relation of Ibn Sayiduhu with the literature of Quran meaning and parsing and the frequency of citation from it. 2. The overlap of all the linguistic levels in writing "Al Muhkam" which did not serve its purpose which is illustrating the etymology, derivation, and meaning of lexical items as well as their uses in Arabic literature. 3. The aim of Ibn Sayiduhu when he wrote "Al Muhkam" was to link between language and The Holly Quran through studying the lexical items occurred in Quran and the meaning of verses. 4. Ibn Sayiduhu ascribed many of Al Zajaj's opinions, and writings to himself ,then, wrote some texts that he claimed to belong to Al Zajaj. So, they were attributed to both of them while in fact they all belong to Al Zajaj.

البحث اللغوي والنحوي في اللامع العزيزي لابي العلاء المعري (ت449هـ) == The Linguistic and Syntactic Research in Ellami' Al - azizi By Abi Elalaa Almaari

Author name: خليل ابراهيم احمد الربيعي

Supervisor name: عبد الرسول سلمان ابراهيم الزيدي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: The dissertation has tackled The Linguistic and Syntactic Research in Ellami' Al - aziziwhich is the Explication ofAbi Elalaa Almaari of selected poetry lines by Al - Mutanabbi. It comprised three chapters. The first of them, which dealt with syntactic issues, is in four sections; the first tackled syntactic issues related to nouns, the second with verbs, the third with particles related issues, and the fourth is dedicated to poetic license in Al - Maari. Chapter two is allotted to morphological issues and it contained five sections. The first was about suffixes; their root, alteration and change. The second section tackled derivation and pluralization. The third with Morphological scale and the fourth with metonymy, substitution and the shiftingin forms and connotations, while the fifth tackled the topics of ancestry and diminution. Moreover, the third chapter is dedicated to the linguistic issues and it is subdivided into three section; the first dealt with the phenomena of synonymy, homonymy, and opposites, the second with the phenomenon of the inflected, the forms of Fa'ulat and Af'alat and words connotations, while the third section tackled feminine and masculine words and words that remain the same in the singular and plural forms.The dissertation is ended with a conclusion that summed up the findings of the study, most importantly : 1) The study shed light on glimpses in the life and biography of Al - Maari and his scientific status, as well as his being prolific. 2) The study confirmed the attention concerning Ellami' Al - azizi among those old and modern writers who have written about Al - Maari because it is of his final writings.3) The study exposed that Aba Elalaa has, in this publication, focused a great deal on the views of grammar pioneers like Al - Khalil bin Ahmed, Sibawayh, Saeed bin Mes'ad, Al - Kisa'I, Al - Farraa, Al - Mubarrad, Al - Zajjaj, Abi Amro bin Al - Alaa, Abi Bakr Al - Anbari, Abi Zaid Al - Ansari, Abi Ubaid, Abi Ubaida, al - Asmaai among others. His dependence on this was in three forms : A. He transferred from them what he has read in their books which he memorized and declared.B. He transferred from books he did not declared their titles, but were known from referring to their authors.C. He ascribed the transference to Arab grammarians and linguists especially to their books like Al - Ain wal Kitab, the classified strange and books of strange Hadith, Islah Al - Mantiq, Al - Asmaaiat, the rare in addition to references like Al - Jamhara wal Taqfia, Tahtheeb Allugha and others.4) This dissertation made prominent the characteristic features of Al - Maari's language and exposed the principles of his approach in syntax and linguistics and it was a language that is characterized by wideness and exhaustiveness and he was a faithful and trusted scholar, an expert linguist, a keen grammarian and skilled in morphology with knowingness and understanding. 5) The study asserted that Ellami' Al - azizi is greatly different from Mu'jiz Ahmed which is attributed to Al - Maari in terms of methodology and style, stating, thus, that they are two distinct books, not one same book as alleged by some.6) His abundant quoting from the verses of the Glorious Quran and its readings in deciding the linguistic and grammatical rules along with his directing of these readings and judging them in terms of strength and weakness.7) His plentiful quoting from Hadith, especially in the field of linguistics.8) The study identified the bountiful quoting by Al - Maari of Arab speech and sayings, especially Pre - Islamic, Islamic and maven poets, but he did not exceeded those epochs unless for the sake of entertainment.9) Arabic proverbs were present in the memory of Al - Maari as an indication among his linguistic and syntactic indications.10) Ellami' Al - aziziis full of referential effort that is manifested in Al - Maari's care of explination of words.11) The research avowed the wrong notion of those who claimed that Al - Maari was not interested in analogy and that he fed up with it, this study clarified his dependence on analogy.12) The dissertation proved that Al - Maari coincided with Basra grammarians in a group of grammatical issues, and coincided with Kufa grammarians in some others. He selected his issues from Basra and Kufa grammarians without heavily relying on one of them only, and he founded other issues that are considered his own.13) The research verified Al - Maari's adherence, in Ellami' Al - azizi, to the presence of linguistic phenomena/ like synonymy, homonymy, opposites, derivation, inflection, semantics etc.14) The study exposed the use of Basra and Kufa and mixed grammatical terms and did not advocated a specific trend.

الخبر المروي في الشعر الجاهلي انماطه ووظائفه == Anecdote Irrigated in pre - Islamic poetry Types and Functions An Artistic Study

Author name: غزوان طه لطيف جاسم

Supervisor name: خليل ابراهيم عبد الوهاب

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Author name: محمد سعيد طعمة الزهيري

Supervisor name: احمد صبيح محسن الكعبي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

بناء المعجم اللغوي العربي في ضوء اللسانيات الحديثة == Reformation of The Arabic Linguistic Lexicon Throughout Modern Linguistics

Author name: علاء صاحب حمادي تكي

Supervisor name: نجاح فاهم صابر العبيدي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: It is no secret today that languages are not only composed of strict linguistic systems but, in fact, they are produced by the interaction of two main components. The first of these is what is already referred to as the system. This aspect touches on a number of linguistic levels that overlap and complement between them from Phonology to the Syntax, while taking into account the suggested semantic effects through the previous systems, but they cannot adopt abstract laws.As these systems must apply their partial rules on the physical ground through which these systems, and this leads us to the second component of the structure of the language is a lexicon that operates according to its own rules, which vary in the way they work and the way the language systems in the first component, the units of the lexicon are the physical part of the language and the most susceptible to change. The units of the lexicon is created the words that are develop, grow and die. This earns the dictionary a vital dimension in the language violates the abstract component of them. If the scientific study of the language or (linguistics) has focused on the first side of the language since the beginning of the last century. The study neglected or ignored the application of the scientific study on the lexicon, even counted among a group of researchers interested in the attached.At the same time, a group of Western linguists began to realize the imbalance caused by the neglect of the lexical side of the language by focusing on syntactic language studies and describing them according to abstract levels. They are filling the gap between the lexicon and other systems. They continue their works until they enter the lexicon as a partner in the theory of transformational theory. because of the difference between the English and Arabic languages, the lexicon is part of the structure of the English language at the same time when the lexicon and structure in Arabic must be completely separated. This is something that has been practiced in the early Arabic linguistic studies specialized in Al. Khalil bin Ahmed al - Farahidi and Sebwayeh, However, he was surprised by the subsequent Arabic linguistic studies until the present era, to make the structure a target in the midst of a clear neglect of the dictionary.After the development of lexical studies in the West. The Arabic lexicon remained silent at a certain moment, with dependency, neglect and irregularity until the lexicon became a reference.This study, which tries to monitor the gap between Arabic dictionary and grammar in an attempt to give the linguistic touch on the Arabic lexicon in order to reach a dictionary based on the basis of a solid. Thesis consists of four chapters preceded by preface. It studies the problems according to two sides : Dynamic and terms. The first chapter deals with Arabic linguistic interpretations of Arabic dictionary through its historical way. It studies the beginnings of linguistic research in the previous nations. It also studied the effects of Arabic linguistic dictionary on historical linguistics, descriptive linguistics, and transformational linguistics within the framework of a group of Arab and Western researchers.The second chapter deals with the sound structure of the lexicon unit in terms of the Arabic lexicon root to balance two different theories. One is an evolutionary theory of heritage origin called the theory of authorship, and the other is a modern theory called lexical root expansion theory. This chapter also studies the sound structure of the stem in Arabic lexicon. The most prominent acoustic laws governing the production of logs.The third chapter focuses on morphological formation of the lexical unit, first to distinguish between the derivation and the discharge according to the affiliation of each of them. Then it studies the most prominent statements produced by the derivation in the lexicon weighted the cognitive vision of the statement on the logical vision. After that it determines the most prominent means of generating lexical units in the lexicon .Fourth chapter focuses the semantic component of the lexicon by looking at the close connection between the two faces of the linguistic sign (signify and signifies) to create a classification with semiotic bases for the units within the lexicon framework and then looking at methods in the Arabic lexicon.The study concluded with a number of results, the most important of which was the necessity of subjecting the Arabic Linguistic to a special study independent of the classification of De Sesser to linguistic levels to take into account the linguistic relativity by separating the lexicon and the structure completely. As well as emphasizing the importance of introducing the lexicon element in the teaching of the Arabic language. And not only on one side of the language, because a study based on a focus on the abstract side or the physical aspect and according to it would not provide a good scientific description.

تميم بن المعز لدين الله الفاطمي في كتابات الــدارسيــن قديــما وحديــثا == Tamim Bin al - Muizz Li - Dinillah Al - Fatimi In Older and modern writings Scholars

Author name: حوراء عبد صبر عبد الله الشريفي

Supervisor name: محمد حسين عبد الله المهداوي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Literature

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: Tamim Bin al - Muizz Li - Dinillah Al - Fatimi, is really considered as one of poets who lived in Egypt under the reign of The Fatimid dynasty. For him there is printed poetry collection causing a bunch of critical reactions. And for his study, there are many older and modern scholars who endeavored to deal with and commenting on his character, poetry and poetic language either negatively or positively. Due to my quite extreme want to study the Fatimid literature and being so interested on its literature in this phase, my teacher Doctor Mohammed Hussein al - Mahdawi did suggest this research title for me to study. He himself pointed out to me its seriousness as being a qualified subject to study due it represented a phenomenon in the Arabic literature either it has what it has or what has not. This study is composed of an introduction and three chapters and epilogue, with resources and references list. So, the first chapter is particularly dealt with the poet's life study by the older and modern scholars in three researches. The first Research contained his life in Morocco and Egypt and his rule period in it, and what has been said about all. And The third research is really specialised to study what has been said about his culture, religion, poetry book and his passing away. The second chapter is entirely concerned of studying what has been said about his poetry in older and modern times. It consists of two researches, the first research is composed of what has been said on his poetry in older times, while the second research on what said about his poetry in modern times, presenting the various opinions on all that. On the third chapter the researcher is completely concerned on the older and modern scholars tendencies in the poet study and giving valuation on his literature production negatively or positively. And the second research is dealt with the modern scholar tendencies in his poetry study, and choosing in this chapter to use the term ( tendencies) instead of ( methods). As most scholars who studied Tameem , really did not apply the method tools to describe this method as ensured one with its own regulations and origin, using the term( tendencies) are more comprehensible according to our point of view for such kind of studies. Finally, we ended it up with an epilogue in which we summarised all the important dimensions of our thesis. And the most distinguished results which have been seen and finalised the thesis with the resources and references list which has been varied between the older and modern literature studies and historical studies concerned on Tamim poetry sides, adding to the published researches in the Arabic and local bulletins. As a matter of fact the researcher indeed relied upon using the analytical method in this study, analyzing , discussing, clarifying and confirming sometimes and objecting on other times.

الصورة الشعرية في المجلات العراقية المحكمة من 2003 - 2016م == The Poetic Image In The Refereed Iraqi Journals From 2003 - to - 2016

Author name: عبد الستار جبار عطية دهام

Supervisor name: خضير عباس درويش

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Literature

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: تتناول هذه الدراسة قضية الصورة الشعرية في مظهر من مظاهر النقد الاكاديمي العراقي المتمثل بالمجلات العراقية المحكمة ،ضمن فترة زمنية تمتد لثلاث عشر سنة من اصداراتها ،وهي قراءة للجهود النقدية تشتغل على استجلاء وسائل تشكيل الصورة الشعرية ،واتجاهات دراستها،وقضاياها ،ومناهج المتبعة في رصدهواتحليلها ،وقد جاءت الدراسة على تمهيد ،و اربعة فصول رئيسة ،وهي ما ياتي : - التمهيد : الصورة الشعرية (المصطلح والمفهوم) - الفصل الاول : الصورة الشعرية وتحولاتهات ،وهو فصل تاسيس ،حاولنا فيه ان نضع الركائز الاساس لقضية الصورة الشعرية ومبانيها ضمن رؤية نسقية ، ويدور هذا الفصل على محاور رئيسة هي : الصورة الشعرية المصطلح والمفهوم، الصورة الشعرية رؤية تقليدية، الصورة الشعرية رؤية تجديدية، الصورة الشعرية في النص المتداخل - الفصل الثاني : وسائل تشكيل الصورة الشعرية، وهو على محاور متعددة هي : التشبيه، والاستعارة ،والكناية ، ثم هناك وسائل اخرى جاءت بنسبة قليلة وهي : الرمز،التناص ،المفارقة،التضاد، الشكل الكتابي والتقنيات السينمائية، الاسطورة، القناع، المعادل الموضوعي،اللغة المعيارية - الفصل الثالث : اتجاهات دراسة الصورة الشعرية وقضاياها، وهو على محاور متعددة هي : ،الاتجاه الموضوعاتي ،الاتجاه الحسي،بناء الصورة الشعرية،قضايا الصورة الشعريةالفصل الرابع : مناهج دراسة الصورة الشعرية ونتائجها،وقد قدمنا عرضا للمناهج واهميتها ،ووظائفها ،وبعض اشكالياتها،ثم تناولنا ما جاء في البحوث من مناهج مستعملة ،او ملامح منهجية وفق استنباط للاليات المتبعة فيها ،فكان ان تصدر المنهج الفني المناهج الاخرى، ثم المنهج الموضوعاتي ،ثم المنهج النفسي، فالمنهج الاسلوبي ،وهناك مناهج اخرى استعملت بقلة في البحوث محل الدراسة وهي : التحليل الثقافي، الموازنة منهجا، المنهج المقارن،المنهج السيميائي،جماليات التلقي، ثم التقنيات السينمائية منهجا، القضية الاخرى في هذا الفصل تتمثل بنقد نتائج البحوث ،وهي على منحييين : نتائج متشابهة ،ونتائج مختلفةوقد توصلت الدراسة الى نتائج كثيرة منها : - بينت الدراسة قصر التعريفات المتعلقة بالصورة الشعرية ،واغفالها مسارات حداثية للنص الشعرية وتحولاته ، فلم يكن لهذه التحولات اثر في تعريفات الصورة ،وخاصة فيما يتعلق بالتداخل الابداعي في النصوص الشعرية ،وكذلك تحولات النص في القصيدة الرقمية التفاعلية ،وطبيعة الصورة الشعرية في هذه التحولات - جاءت البحوث محل الدراسة على اتجاهات مختلفة في طبيعة دراستها ، وكانت دراسة الصورة من جهة وسائل تشكليها تمثل النسبة الاكبر بين البحوث ، وتاتي دراسة الصورة من جهة موضوعها في المرتبة الثانية من حيث الكم ،ثم دراسة الصورة من جهة الحسية والذهنية ،ثم دراستها من حيث البناء،وهناك قضايا نقدية متفرقة في البحوث تناولت جوانب متعددة للصورة الشعرية - رصدنا منحيين في دراسة الصورة الشعرية في البحوث محل دراستنا، الاول ،وهو مسار تقليدي ويمثل القسم الاكبر من هذه البحوث،والثاني، تجديدي او يحمل ملامح تجديد في ويمثل فئة صغيرة من هذه البحوث - استعمل الباحثون مناهج مختلفة في دراستهم للصورة الشعرية وكان المنهج الفني على راس المناهج في هذا المورد ،ثم المنهج الموضوعاتي، والمنهج النفسي، فالاسلوبية ،ثم مناهج اخرى استعملت بقلة، منها النقد الثقافي ، والموازنة ، والسيميائية - كان استعمال المناهج في اغلب البحوث من غير وعي منهجي ،ولم يكن هناك تاسيس نظري للمناهج المستعملة في كل البحوث ، فجاء تصنيفنا لها بناء على ميلها الى منهج ما عبر قراءتنا لها ،وقد ذكر قسم قليل من الباحثين المنهج الذي استعملوه في بحوثهم | This study deals with the issue of poetic image in the manifestation of the Iraqi academic criticism represented by the Refereed Iraqi journals , within a period of time spanning thirteen years of publications, a reading of the criticism efforts are working to clarify trends in the study of poetic image, and issues, trends, and methods used in monitoring and analysis, the study came to preliminary, and four chapters of the Chairperson, as followsChapter One : The poetic picture and transformations, which is the founding, in which we tried to lay the foundations for the issue of poetic image and its buildings within the framework of a vision, and this chapter revolves around the main axels : the poetic image term and concept, poetic image traditional vision, poetic image renewal vision, poetic image In the nested textChapter Two : the means of shaping the image ، likening ،metaphor، metonymies، and means otherChapter Three : Trends in the study of poetic image in Iraqi journal, which is on multiple axels : the thematic trend, the sensory trend, the construction of poetic image, issues of poetic imageChapter Four : Methods of studying the poetic image and its results. We presented an overview of the curriculum and its importance, its functions and some of its problems. Then we discussed the research methods used or the methodological features according to devising the mechanisms followed. , The psychological approach, the methodological method, and there are other methods used in a few of the research under consideration : cultural analysis, budgeting methodology, comparative approach, synaptic approach, aesthetics of reception, and then cinematic techniques approach, the other issue in this chapter was criticism of research results, On both sides : Similar results, different resultsThe study reached many results, including : - The study has shown that the definitions of poetic imagery and the absence of modernist paths to poetic text and its transformations have no effect on image definitions, especially with respect to creative interaction in poetic texts, as well as text transformations in the interactive digital poem and the nature of the poetic image in these transformations - The research under study on different trends in the nature of study, and the study of the image of the means of formation represent the largest proportion of research, and the study of the image on the subject matter in second place in terms of quantity, and then study the image on the sensory and mental, and then study in terms of Construction, there are sporadic monetary issues in the research dealt with multiple aspects of the poetic imageIn the study of the poetic picture in research, we examined the first, which is a traditional course and represents the bulk of this research. - The researchers used different approaches in their study of the poetic image. The technical approach was at the top of the curriculum in this resource, then the thematic curriculum, the psychological method, the stylistic, and other methods were used in a few, including cultural criticism, - The use of the curriculum in most of the research is not systematic awareness, and there was no theoretical foundation of the methodologies used in all research, the classification came to them based on their tendency to a method of reading through them, and a small section of researchers the method they used in their research

الرطوبة واثرها في انتاج الصوت اللغوي وادائه == Humidity and its impact on the production of linguistic sound and its performance

Author name: محمد صلال وذاح الخزرجي

Supervisor name: فلاح رسول حسين الحسيني

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: Since the early studies of sound, many of the purely scientific aspects they were almost devoid of any publication in the field of audio studies. These scientific aspects have been identified by the experience of self - test of the linguistic voices, The study of the linguistic voices in its theoretical part without going into the experimental side to reach scientific reasoning is a virtual study that has become useless. Without the experimental study, the shadow of talking about the linguistic sounds would be a kind of assumption. This development in science has enabled the researcher to go into the experimental study of linguistic voices to prove the facts that were absent from the minds of many researchers was able to hunt the researcher as a result of the conscious induction of the components of the production of language, as it was found that a component of the production of language has been absent from the most common language I can not find the way to not mention it, and improve the reference in this regard that the idea of analysis of votes according to the programs of the analysis of linguistic voices is not entirely new, but experimentation and sampling according to scientific standards and accurate examination of samples and analysis of votes to prove what we want to prove is a new work There is no precedent in this area, we follow the same in the studies in Iraq and the Arab world in general, as the treatment is not going to end definitively, because it brought voice research from the crucifixion of experimental observation based on some of the issues of sensory and virtual and guessing them to a wider and more welcome, In fact, when we started to identify this point, which was founded by a few scientists such as Ibn Sina and died after his death, did not see the light but only to remove the dust of time. Based on the laboratory, and we found ourselves to ask A group of questions concerning the humidity of saliva and other organs of wet pronunciation, which I found not resonating in the answer to the phonologists of the ancient and modern, except what I mentioned only through the laboratory side we have conducted, and summarize these questions as follows : * What is the benefit of having saliva * Is the saliva a component of the pronunciation of the sounds? * What is the reason for the concentration of salivary glands in the lower jaw? * Does the task of the tongue distribute the moisture of the saliva on the mouth for the whole speech? * Is increasing the moisture of the child's mouth and increase the saliva of it before the emergence Teeth have a relationship to utter sounds or not? * Does the presence of fluid in the pulmonary vesicles to • Exhalation of the exhalation air produced by the sound in conjunction with the pronouns or other task • What is the reason for the presence of moisture in the inner surface of the airway • What is the benefit of the gland in the larynx • If we assume that moisture is deprived of the pronouns, will there be a sound? These questions lead us to several reasons : one of them is theoretical regarding the concept of humidity and its nature, and a laboratory related to the physical aspect, which in turn reveal the effect of the moisture side in the production and performance of the linguistic sound. The study was described (humidity and its effect on the production of sound and performance) The study was a research plan that required exploring the fields of several fields, the study was in three chapters preceded by introduction and preface and followed by a conclusion that included the most prominent results and proven sources and references. The preamble was held to know the nature and importance of moisture, and since there are members produce sound and language, In this production we share the same production. It was natural to hold the first chapter, which we characterized by humidity and pronouns (approach in concept, term and function). In the second chapter, we focused on the physical aspect of the sounds and the experimental aspect, Saliva of the sample group was our choice of these samples according to the scientific track, and then analyzed the recorded votes of those samples after the knowledge of the measures inherent to the experimental work helped the researcher to achieve the desired results, we had to mark the second chapter humidity and scientific analysis of the production of votes, The third chapter we have held to know the effect of moisture on the sound performance of the voice language, was the chapter under the title of humidity and sound performance. The most important characteristic of the study : The study was characterized by the following : 1. It is a study study experimental voice to prove that moisture is a component of the production of sound. 2. The study of the theoretical and phizological aspects of the verbal process of the sounds of the Arabic language. 3. This study, without its studies, was open to many scientific aspects that have a great interest in sound studies, including physiological, physical and laboratory aspects. 4. The study took the starting point for starting in experimental field.5 The study was characterized by the use of the digital physics analysis program, the praat, which studies a range of sound properties and analyzes them by wave and spectroscopy. Study Methodology The study adopted the descriptive approach in many aspects. It also adopted the analytical experimental method used by the researcher in the adoption of samples in the laboratory for the sounds of hypothesis research

البحث الدلالي في كتاب (مراة العقول في شرح اخبار ال الرسول) للعلامة المجلسي (1111هـ) == Semantic Search in Book "Meraato AL - aeequli fi sharahe akhbare ali AL - rasuol" by the scientist AL - Majlisi (1111 A.H)

Author name: مقداد علي مسلم العميدي

Supervisor name: رجاء عجيل ابراهيم الحسناوي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: The semantic research is a field that meets in its expanse of the sciences and the arts, especially those based on the reading and analysis of normative texts, such as the interpretation of the Qur'an, the prophetic tradition, principles of jurisprudence, and the science of linguistic and criticism linguistic , and this cognitive convergence contribute in divergence of the semantic processors and multitude its tracks, accordingly the semantic need to semi - encyclopedic culture employ them in stop on the purposes, such as what the scientist AL - Majlisi (1111A.H) do in his book "Meraato AL - aeequli fi sharahe akhbare ali AL - rasuol" which is one of the most prominent commentaries on the book "AL - Kafi" of AL - Kellini (329A.H), where he was characterized by the capacity of his article, and The age of style, precision handling of the news honest. This study highlights the linguistic and contextual mechanisms that shaped the features of semantic research in AL - Majlisi in the above - mentioned explanation. This was done through four chapters preceded by a preface on the scientist and his book, followed by a conclusion with the most important results. the first chapters show the starters to the semantic research in (the brain...) Such as : the concept of significance, and the limits of interpretation, and levels, and the second carried out the study of the signs of sound and verbal, while seized the grammatical evidence on all the topics of the third chapter due to the scientist AL - Majlisi put attention on it in his explanation, and the last chapters special lexicography and contextual. The study concluded with a set of results and general perceptions on the subject, such as : that AL - Majlisi was aware of many of the things that boast the codification of Western and modern historians, and that his semantic opinions have emerged from different knowledge resources, led by religious movables, fundamentalist and intellectual buildings, linguistic and rhetorical sciences, as well as his jurisprudence and the resulting opinions

القراءة القرانية والاستدلال بها على تحليل النص القراني نحويا == Quranic reading and its interpretation of the textual analysis of the Qur'anic text

Author name: احمد حسن منصور حسين الغانمي

Supervisor name: خالد عباس حسين السياب

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: شغلت معاني القران الكريم اذهان المسلمين منذ نزول اياته الاولى ، واهتموا بمقاصده ايما اهتمام ، فراحوا يطلبون تفسيره والوقوف على معانيه ومراده ، فكان من بين المظاهر التي برزت عندهم في تفسير القران هي طلب دلالاته في ضوء كلام العرب شعره ونثره ، وشواهد الاحداث - التي لا تخفى على المتتبع - تشير الى توجيه بعض الصحابة للناس ان يطلبوا ما اشكل عليهم من القران في كلام العرب ؛ فانه نزل بلغتهم . غير ان الملفت للنظر ان تلحظ ظاهرة جديرة بالاهتمام تقوم على فهم تراكيب النص القراني ودلالاته وفقا لما قرئ به من القراءات القرانية ، وتوجيه اياته توجيها نحويا استنادا الى تلك القراءات ، او ان يستدل على ذلك الفهم ويستشهد له ويؤيد بالقراءة .تلك الظاهرة اثارت انتباه استاذي المشرف فعرضها علينا - طلبة الدكتوراه - في سنتنا التحضيرية ، وظلت تختلج في عقلي حتى سجلناها موضوعا للبحث بعنوان ( القراءة القرانية والاستدلال بها على تحليل النص القراني نحويا ) . ولم يكن هدف دراستي استقصاء الظاهرة في جميع مظانها ؛ لان ذلك مما لا يسمح به الوقت ، كما انه يحتاج الى مجموعة دراسات مستقلة ، وانما كان الهدف الذي اصبو اليه هو وضع اليد عليها ، وابرازها للقارئ الكريم ، والاجابة - بعد ذلك - عن سؤالين اثنين مهمين - فيما اعتقد - هما : اين ؟ ، ولماذا ؟ . اين وردت مصاديق ظاهرة الاستدلال بالقراءة في تحليل النصوص القرانية ؟ ، ولماذا جاء هذا الاستدلال في هذا الموضع . وهذا ما حاول البحث دراسته في منهج وصفي تحليلي تعليلي ، يصف الاستدلال النحوي بالقراءة ، ثم يحاول تحليل هذا الاستدلال ليصل الى العلة التي تقف وراءه فتبرز بذلك اهميته . توصل الباحث الى بعض النتائج كان اهمها بروز هذه الظاهرة بشكل واضح وجلي في المؤلفات التي اهتمت بتفسير القران الكريم وبيان معانيه , وقد لجا اليها اصحاب هذه المؤلفات حينما تعارض النص القراني مع القاعدة النحوية ، فحاولوا الافادة من القراءة في ايجاد توافق بين تركيب الايات وما ثبت من قواعد النحو | The meanings of the Quran have preoccupied the minds of Muslims since the beginning of its first signs, and they were interested in its purposes with great interest, so they asked for its interpretation and to stand on its meaning and its will. Among the manifestations that emerged in the interpretation of the Quran is the request of its meanings in the light of the words of the Arabs poetry and prose, On the follower - refers to the guidance of some companions to people to ask what they eat from the Koran in the words of the Arabs; it came down in their language.However, it is remarkable to note a noteworthy phenomenon based on an understanding of the structure of the Qur'anic text and its implications according to what was read from the Qur'anic readings, and that its references are directed in a logical way based on those readings.This phenomenon aroused the attention of my supervisor, and presented it to us - doctoral students - in our preparatory year, and it continued in my mind until we recorded a subject for the research entitled (Quranic reading and interpretation of the textual analysis of the Koran).The objective of my studies was not to investigate the phenomenon in all its manifestations; because it is not allowed for time. It also requires a series of independent studies, but my goal was to put it to the reader and to answer two important questions. - I think - are : where? , And why? . Where did Madaiq received the phenomenon of reading in the analysis of Quranic texts? , And why this reasoning came in this place. This is what the study attempted to study in a descriptive analytical approach, which describes the grammatical reasoning of reading, and then tries to analyze this reasoning to reach the cause behind it, thereby sacrificing its importance.The researcher found some results, the most important of which was the emergence of this phenomenon in a clear and evident way in the literature that dealt with the interpretation of the Holy Quran and its meaning. The authors resorted to it when they opposed the Qur'anic text with the grammatical rule grammar

الرسائل والحكم القصار في نهج البلاغة : دراسة في ضوء علم العلامات == Short Messages and Sayings in Nahjul - Balaagha : A Semiotic Study

Author name: مرتضى شناوة فاهم العرداوي

Supervisor name: كريمة نوماس محمد المدني

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: Semiotics or what is called "the signs" is considered one of the significant methods and sciences used in the study of literary and religious texts. This science is not limited to a specific thing, but everything is subject to the system of the sign that is the other side of cognitive processes.If we follow the roots of this science, we will find that the Quran is the main guide. However, the West has invested this concept and codified it and put the scientific disciplines and foundations of this science. They called it "Semiotics". On the other hand, the Arabs tried to translate this term; they have multiple labels created a certain chaos to the researcher at the present time. This research found that the nomination"the Signs" is the most appropriate designation of this concept.Semiotics or "the signs"does not have a stand - alone science, only after Pearce who puts the scientific foundations and theoretical perspectives. Pearce disagreed De Saussureinhis view towards the sign. As we know that Saussure made the sign centered around the two main points (Daal "the pronounciation of the word" and Madlool "meaning"), while Pearce made the signcentered around three points(Daal "the pronounciation of the word", Madlool "meaning", and Moudhoo' "the subject") in which it has taken a generalizednaturedistinguished by a general logical sense absorbed by all the semiotic phenomena.From this point of view, this research proved that the messages of Imam Ali "PBUH" and his short sayingsare of the texts that are rich in linguistic and non - linguistic expressions due to their inclusion of the ideas and strategic visions by which Imam Ali "PBUH" wanted to eliminate the thinking of the recipient urgingthem to understand and access the messages' meanings in line with the Islamic spirit and achieve the security and safety of "AhlulBeit" towards the nation. Moreover, these texts are of the written pieces that accommodate all types, styles and practices of studying, including the modern critical studies. These messages and short sayings are a rich and inexhaustible resource. The research also proved the validity of this by extracting the examples that include all forms and types of signs and the achievement of different functional dimensions, whether commercial, cultural or communicative.

Author name: سعيد عكاب عبد العالي

Supervisor name: علاء الدين هاشم الخفاجي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Author name: سالم عبد النبي جابر العقابي

Supervisor name: سلم حسب حسين

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

الشعر في العصر الفاطمي : دراسة في مرجعياته الثقافية

Author name: احمد حمد سليمان النصر الله

Supervisor name: نضال ابراهيم ياسين

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The Fatimi state was a separate entity from the Abbasies in 296 AH on the African side of the Islamic state in Kairouan and then they took Egypt as the seat of their caliphate and Cairo as their capital and expanded the area of the Fatimid caliphate to the east, including the Levant, Yemen and Hijaz. The era of the Fatimi state was one of the most fertile periods in the history of Islamic civilization. It was at the peak of its maturity and intensity in all aspects of human knowledge, mental sciences, social prosperity, creativity and translation through creative communication with other civilizations in the countries reached by Islam. Conquests or creative intellectual cross - fertilization with other peoples and civilizations such as Persian, Indian, Greek and Roman. What was decreed by the poetry and culture of the care of the Fatimi caliphs and the care of their contributions in advancing the advancement of civilization and cultural development forward by establishing many mosques, public libraries, science workshops and councils of wisdom and encouraging scientists and poets and giving gifts to them contributed to the establishment of a broad scientific and cultural movement, The Fatimies had a high level of knowledge, love of science, and the bringing together of scholars, some of whom supervised direct supervision of seminars in mosques and councils of wisdom, some of them lecturing on the apostates and learners. Egypt has been the seat of ancient civilizations and inhabited by races and races, all of which had the most prominent effect in advancing the development of forward and enrich the minds and provide them with new factors and provide cards that contribute to the sharpening of minds and broaden the horizons of knowledge have affected those factors cast a shadow on the literary life in Egypt, Our study, which led to the emergence of a growing poetry movement that bears the characteristics of differentiation and personality independent of others because of what the new life in Egypt and Cairo gave them from the capitals of poetic creativity and engraved in their hearts for the commercial in the many rites of prayer and its many occasions such as festivals and religious events and As well as the addition of the Fatimids of the holidays and events of their own and their doctrine, which contributed to the activation of creativity to the maximum extent. The previous factors are the result of the researcher's desire to research and change in the literature of that era of Arabic literature and in those countries living under the rule of the Fatimid was behind the choice of the title of this research for the culture and cultural heritage of the role of fundamental and effective in the creative output of that fertile period of time, (Fatimid poetry study in its cultural references) culmination of many previous cultural studies and to compliment them may contribute to the Arab library to provide more scientific knowledge and reveal what is hidden the eyes of those interested in the Arab literature in that country.The study was divided into four chapters preceded by introduction and followed by a conclusion, and we adopted the abundance of poetic output in the order of classes.The first chapter included religious culture and the faithfulness of several topics such as the culture of Quranic employment, stories, Quranic stories, the Prophet's Hadith, other religions, The second chapter included the historical culture, which includes several topics such as historical events, historical figures, spatial and relative culture. The third chapter included the social culture that included knowledge culture. The fourth chapter was the Deanship of Literary Culture, in which poetic culture, poetic culture and critical culture