Author name:
حمزة صباح كاظم الحمداني
Supervisor name:
علي حسين نمر الاسماعيلي
Abstract:
Sections of history in the Iraqi academic institutions dealt with different history issues that varied Period temporal diversity Moadaaha, especially those related contents on Egypt, and in particular its modern history, and formed this fact motivated the first in the selection of the researcher to the subject of this study (Egypt during the reign of Ali Beck great 1760 m - 1773), the title to the subject of the study, it was for the period between the years (1760 - 1773 AD), especially in the history of Egypt importance. In 1760 attaches to your great chieftain of the country in Egypt, and Egypt has witnessed during his chiefdom most important event in its modern history, a movement for the independence of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire in 1769, one of the separatist movements and to demand independence for the Arab countries of the Ottoman Empire, and doing so has dealt a blow to the Ottoman state was not exposed since that Egypt underwent a verdict in 1517, and the study ended with his death in 1773. The cast of this study highlight the do to your movement for independence from the Ottoman Empire, a dangerous precedent in the history of the Ottomans, who are accustomed to the inauguration of the governors to Egypt on their own, and accompanied the duration of the rule of Ali Bey of events involved in the making of the history of Egypt's recent political history, can be counted first political roots the orientations of the Mamluks in order to revive their state and independence in Egypt, and so with the help of foreign countries such as Russia, in order to build an army strong fleet realize its projects independence as well as the control of neighboring Egypt, the country such as the Hijaz and the Levant, to configure the Mamluk state include all of these regions. After the completion of the writing of this study we have reached a number of important conclusions, as follows : Egypt in the Ottoman era, the mandate is characterized by political conflicts between the houses Mamluk for control of the power which, especially in the eighteenth century for control of power where, precisely the position of chieftain of the country, because the author of this post be the owner of the real power in the country and the superiority authority of the Ottoman viceroy, whose presence in Egypt, a formality authority, does not have any authority over the sheikh of the country, but on the contrary the last van is controlled by prefectural Ottoman, and may even sometimes be performed Sheikh country to expel the Ottoman governor if he found it opposed his policy, and this shows the weakness of the Ottoman state power in Egypt. Egyptian relations European during the period 1760 - 1773, a period of the rule of Ali Bey, were not at the same pace, as based Egyptian relationship with France, Britain and the Republic of Venice on the economic side, these countries and raced to hold trade agreements with Ali Bey Al - Kabir in Egypt, and try to your exploit these relationships in neighborhoods through the Red Sea, but these countries do not agree to engage with him in this project, fearing for their privileges in the Ottoman provinces. Based Egyptian relations - Russia during the reign of Ali Bey Al - Kabir on the military side, as Russia tried to exploit the ambition to your independence from the Ottoman Empire in its favor, because it was at war with the Ottoman Empire, as well as the backing and support in some of the battles in the Levant through its fleet Protein content in the Mediterranean.That the error, which occurred when Ali Bey was why he was killed and the fall of his rule, is the absolute reliance on Mamluks, especially Mohammed Abe gold, which gave the military leadership in foreign campaigns, and took advantage of Mohammed Abu gold this position in the formation of relationships and internal friendships State, this confidence and complete dependence on Mohammed Abe gold make the latter thinks in control of the rule of Egypt, and was the beginning of this split is withdrawing from the Levant abruptly, and signed by you in the same error when assigned ordered discipline Mohammed Abe gold to owned by Ismail Bey, who refused to fight Osman Pasha Alkrgi when he was in Levant and disobeying orders apparent age, which led to the accession of Ismail and his father Mohammed to two gold and stand against Ali Bey. Speed up and rush to your in order to return to Egypt based on the promises he received from some of his supporters in Egypt and who wrote these letters under pressure from Mohamed Abe gold to lure him to Egypt, and despite the fact that an ally of Ali Bey in the Levant apparent age tried to prevent Ali from your Back and his assertion that these messages intrigue of Mohammed Abe gold, but the Ali Bey did not listen to the tips ally, and his insistence on his mind and its dependence on astrological predictions and show him the stars, especially what to tell him Rizk Coptic teacher who told Ali Bey that victory ally since returned to Egypt, so he decided to return to Egypt before the arrival of Russian aid, and this was the matter of the main reasons in the end, and eliminate it. Log in to your Egypt, although the duration of the short reign in foreign wars had exhausted the treasury of the country, so it's reflected on the Egyptian people, who became under the shadow of poverty due to the large number of taxes imposed on them to be funded his army, he was spending his campaign on the Hejaz (26,000, 000) francs, the equivalent of (520,000) bag of gold, and cost - Sham campaigns more than that.The movement on your despite failing to achieve its goals, but it showed the weakness of the Ottoman Empire, and encouraged a lot of niches Egypt after him to do the sole power and monopoly by virtue of Egypt, and it was for that matter the negative repercussions on the Ottoman presence in Egypt, opening the way for states Alobeh especially France and Britain for control of Egypt in order to achieve political and commercial gain.Found on your apparent age ally who supports it so as to unite the goal between them, the fact that Monday was for them the same goal which is independence from the Ottoman Empire, and can count this coalition of coalitions first of the independence of the Arab lands of the Ottoman rule after rule that lasted five centuries, and his movement, although - year - old palace, have had far - reaching consequences, including the people who took power in Egypt after, they took the thinking of re - independence experience in Egypt, and this thing happened with Muhammad Ali Pasha, when the revolt against the Ottoman Empire boarded Egypt. Were not with apparent old enough strength to face the Ottoman Empire alone, so we find it was based on the Ali Bey achieve its goal of independence, has tried to prevent Ali from your return to Egypt and stay with him to achieve his projects in freedom and the formation of their own, because he finds in the your considerable power out. Finally, I put in the hands of members of the discussion and I'm sure that the scientific opinions and observations will contribute to enriching the study and help to overcome the shortcomings, so be scientific appearance that should be it.
