التفكيك والتلقي بين النظرية والممارسة : مقاربة نقدية == Deconstruction and Reception between theory and application A Critical Approach
Author name:
علي حسن هذيلي
Supervisor name:
جابر محيسن عليوي الركابي
General topic:
Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic:
Language
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Dhi Qar
First pages:
01T4845 - p.pdf
Abstract:
Once the researcher talked to his close friends about his own suffering in writing his thesis, As a matter of fact, he left the world behind and lived in a yellow room, where nobody likes to enter. He closes all the windows and door as well as any other open space. He left other things that can't be closed. He avoided any other things that might spoil his deconstruction and listening. the room with all its fans and suffocating weather reminds us with the great legendary writer , Mohammad Khudhair , the room upstairs , above the kitchen that of 45 degree cent , the ideal atmosphere to write a book or letters and theses. It seems that his head will fly because of the high heat . When the researcher touches his head and his body that is about to lose his ability to be a bull like Moses' . As for his back that looks hunched , he borrowed for it from " Abid Aziz hamooda " some from his pretty title. As he talked about the literary criticism and because of the time that can change things and shapes , too . it wasn't straight one day though . One day it must bend in his last days. In spite of all this the researcher enjoyed reading and was too happy to write with all his great hopes. He feels these days won't come again with all its scientific sweetness and bitterness and discovery while he didn't care for his head that was on his way to the hell . Jokingly one of his friends once said to him " Let your head and your very hot room be an entrance to your thesis " . No harm when someone talks about his head and room .But how to tie all this with his topic ? It is not important , for men of literature , what to write but how to write . And what way he takes to express himself or / and oneself. There may be a long distance between style and approach , writing may lose its ability of influence , enjoyment and convincing .It also may be too short in that way , writing may achieve its absent supposition . The researcher didn't take his friend's speech seriously but once he was alone in his isolated room he held his pen starting writing and the high heat inspired him , these words would be the introduction in which he would talk about deconstruction , described as another high heat , that hurt his head and made him talk nonsense or heresy , in George Trabishi's terms , that the church sentenced this speech with death burning and left the writer's ash spread in air .the heretical for his intelligence , decided to write down these ideas .He was completely right . These heresy took the way . Writers began talking about it thought they are many . In fact they don't mean what they say . deconstruction is simply to say and don’t mean what you say . While reception is to mean what you say . your reading self will have the greater deal of it . Deconstruction claims that the real meaning of any text is its meaninglessness or empty it from its meaning but reception can avoid this result when it gives the meaning back to the text so reading , thus is the action in which the text and the reader interact . Generally , this research in its first chapter doesn't deal with the definition of deconstruction thought it has the great part of it . The target is to study the relation between the deconstruction as a theory and practice and this required dealing with the theory and its parts so as to get a result . The second chapter deals with the reception theory , how the reader deals with the text focusing on the relation between the reception and the its kind : the horizontal reception that deals with the relation between the reader and the text . And the vertical one which deals with previous critical readings dealing with their reception scope establishing new history to the literature as an option for the theory of literature . The third chapters are devoted to be a proof to the thesis of the previous two chapters. This matter requires critical texts that analyze the creative text from a static point of view . When you read texts in criticism is that means you precise criticism in criticism ? And as the matter is one of curriculum or analyzing a text , the researcher decides that the primary chapter should deal with the curriculum or the curriculums that precede the deconstruction and reception . as well as the cultural space that produces these two things, in other words , with pre - modernism as a vision of life that removes the previous visions and it will be very important to reveal the scope that the pre - modernism achieved . This research in its third chapters and introduction . Each chapter has its own secondary titles that the ideas lead to . no titles comes from outside the body of the texts . In other words , each inner title is tied with the coming or previous titles though it deals with new problematic questions . These titles are built on an objectivity . As for the resources , there are many of them like Drada ,Yawiss and Isère . In addition to what have been written about the philosophy of these three writers and the way they introduce themselves in .So if one resource appears here , it will definitely deprive us from the other sources . So we have to take the advantage of each one and deal with them equally. the researcher here doesn't intend to prove what these resources will claim in themselves but to prove what he says in the light of these resources . That is , to prove his own theory according to his intensive readings that and conceptions in his own subject . This doesn't mean that the researcher analyses the text with a prior vision nor he begins from what the other readers understand from these resources . In fact , he starts from his own understanding that may come out with other different conclusions . The researcher , here , has his own satisfying ideas that he learnt as a little infant particularly , when he read the " book of logic by Mohammed Ridaha Al - Modhfar ". In which he found that the science is " the presence of the image of a thing in mind " . That is the point " the presence of the image of a thing , not the thing itself " as the thing itself doesn't present , but the thing presents by a way of some type . If we impose its presence that will mean we have the entire fact and we also will be the entire . As an example of this , the caliph that ordered to destroy the Alexandra library as it adopted what the Holly Quran says , so the library has no necessity . Even if it says what he doesn’t say . it has no necessity , too . Then the presence of the image might mean it will be many perhaps , as the imagers are many . So each image has its own quality and difference. This what reminds us with the relation of the three points : the signified , the signifier and the reference . the signifier , here , doesn't refer to the reference / the outside , but the signified / the mind which is the image of the reference or one of its possibilities . The knowledge , here , acquires a relative impact , with its keeping the primitive of mind . The researcher , here , takes it as a habit as for presenting the images of things before talking about them .In this field , he knows what he talks about even if the image itself forms during writing in a better way than in possibility world . That world of mud where the soul hasn't been blown into it yet . But this presence can't be before being preceded by what looks like the solitude that the mystic , Sufi , passes it ,in his way to divorce the universe and leave it behind . So as to contemplate and to think about "God , The Almighty " as His creatures deeply. IN this solitude , he redraws things and shape its borders and make sure of its rightness . Or to bring them back to the first innocence before being spoiled , so when the researcher starts writing , thus , the words are his own ones. He doesn't lean on anyone with all his respect to all those who learnt him anything. Though he is taken with the illness of inter - textuality . The main thing , according to Dr, Fasail Draj ,is that the creativity is the first while the theory comes after , that is to say the creativity is stable while theory is changeable . But this principle is relative because of the authority of the theory sometimes or the richness of the relative theory in some cases , and the richness of the theoretical suggestion in other cases. That is what we mean exactly . This time it associates with a critical text , and reading that reveals the deal in which one text becomes nearer than others . I think the creative text itself that suggests the way we read it by . So the way of reading any text comes from the text itself and not from outside it .There are some texts in which the self is high and there are texts that avoid the echo " self " and there are texts that neglect them as these texts care for the language only . Curriculums , then , will take these texts according to what they carry with . Sometimes the psychological , anthropology or/ and the structural curriculum is the most suitable way to read this or that text . This doesn't mean that the other readers are wrong completely . The text has many spaces that allows to different readings . So the searcher should concentrate to catch the real points firmly. Criticism may, sometimes , be a way to direct the words into the right field or standing on the flexible areas in the text ,it isn't , therefore , a matter of retelling the text itself in a way that anyone can do it . So we absolutely believe that criticism is a matter of building the text in a way that fills its gaps and completing the missing points and cutting the unnecessary things off the text body. A matter that is to understand life naturally in the way the text presents before being taken by the hands of the other critics. As for the problems that the searcher faces , they have many shapes . He doesn't face a problem in the planning his thesis after he indicated the borders in margins and in depths , but the real matter , according to him , is the title . After that the problems will be solved . Though there are two problems , the first one is how to make the title while the second the practice may cause it .The searcher doesn't face a problem with the references as they are many available in the Internet and other places as there is no big difference between the electronic and paper book. Though there are many searchers suffered from the lack of references before computers .Thus he feels that the curriculum of his research , as Ali Jawad Al - Tahar has mentioned before , may need to take again . He faces problems like the length of the thesis , as he wishes to write sixty pages just like Todorof did before him . And he believes in what Imam Ali " Allah's peace and bless be upon him " once said " No eloquent without brevity in speech and length in meanings " . It seems to him the sixty pages are not enough for his thesis . Then there is another problem with the thesis .If Drada is the deconstruction and the deconstruction is Drada , then , the reception is not concern with anyone . reception is the fruit of labors that began with Aristotle and anyone who read a text or created a concept , thus, reception has no end with Iser or yawis . As for reception is the other name of criticism itself . It is the science that appears with the man , so is very important to limit these two sides . while the third problem is how to put your sentences , chapters , suggestions , paragraphs and ideas to be just like a novel with all its characters , places ,spaces , plots and events. The fourth problem is the title as being the first step to the thesis. It should be coined properly in a way that appears in each chapter in this thesis equally . So there are many changes occurred in the title until it takes its final shape " Deconstruction and Reception between the theory and the practice , a critical approach " . And as a title . it has many implicit questions such as : why is deconstruction and reception in particular ? Why is the practice and not the application ? Why is the approach critical and not analytical ? what new things are behind writing about deconstruction and reception when there are so many researches ? so it is a title of a great importance . As for why are the deconstruction and reception in particular? We can say , it is because they are the last thing that the critical mind produces in dealing with texts and analyzing them in a new way . Even though it was like the wrestling of bulls more than quiet conversation that doesn't hide people's merits . Deconstruction is described like a furious ox in a shop of glass while reception described as less furious . so it doesn't destroy all glass goods in that shop. Perhaps because they both made the author dead but each has its own degree in death and they give the reader freedom to say . But in fact , the reader in deconstruction has full freedom without limits while in reception the reader has a limited freedom and for many other reasons that we don't like to mention them now . Criticism is a building for the text and the meaning , by text we mean the general meaning that contains many other meanings . No doubt that the building is a practice that belongs to life and celebrates the existence and thinks about future . It is the opposite of what other philosophies of post - modernism, these philosophies that killed ( the Almighty and the man as well as the author ) and replaced them with the ( nature , structure and the reader) and the rationalism undoubtedly does not put any differences between these first and second three sides as it believes that the second is the means of the first and there is another universe that one of metaphysis . these two universe are interacted together . In this concern , we can put into mind the prophet Mohammad ( Allah's blessing and peace be upon him ) once he said " people are asleep but when they die they will have a strong attention ". so it is a vision that combines two universes to reveal what was absent in them . It is against the other vision that puts barriers and borders that do not believe in the first three sides . It believes only in itself , so the reading will be of one side because of its loss of the soul that lives behind the text . In other words , it has no faith in God , man and the author. So criticism will be an attempt to return things and texts to their first nature without limiting its abilities and this is what we mean by practice as an answer for the second question described as an action establishing its knowledge thesis not only the application . practice is , then , a process , continuity and activity . The application may miss these adjectives so we see that practice is better than application as long as we talk about contexts and our context passes over application to other meanings that may not be found in all this . So what is the new thing in all that , we will leave this task to the thesis and we are satisfied by answering the question of approach whether it is an academic title or not . We stress on one thing , that the academy doesn't mean certainty , it is an approach of research only having chains which are not strict . And if someone talks about firmness and strictness , he has to give us his proofs and evidences , our reading , here never claims that it holds all the sides or some of them , it only tries to get near the texts without claiming it is the only right reading because we believe that reading is a conversation between two selves that may produces new different visions and it may become a conflict and struggle in which some lose and the other wins because of having the ability to be talkative . We absolutely think that there is no sound but the sound of the text . When the text goes through two readers , it will be two texts in the end so the reading will be various one for many reasons in the text itself firstly . Then the understanding and the reality in the third place . The text , as we say , has many faces of meaning . Each reader has his own reading . When we read many critical texts about one creative work we will surely affirm these two introductions . so the approach will be just like the line of returning that the reader needs when he discovers his wrong way in his attempt to read a text or reach the nearest point in it . And as because of thanking to God , the wellbeing goes on , the researcher thanks his supervisor Dr. Jabir Mohaison Alawai who was always present in front of the researcher as long as he writes his thesis as he was the first reader and the creative participant in his beautiful reception language. Thanks to all his attempts to reshape and change or delete and suggest or fix something without imposing anything . Perhaps he knows that the researcher does not need to be restricted . Thanks to strong personality that will give the others their rights without imposing his own opinions and views . So the researcher will be among the staff of discussing this thesis , the staff that deserves all his thanks and gratitude as they will understand his mistakes in language , grammar and style as well as the mistakes of thought and the extremist views . The researcher is a human being that means the mistakes are expected and especially he believes in the author's life , but it is the life that should be postponed between the keen reader's hands or between a skillful professor's hands . A professor who reads the lines as well as what lie behind . Finally the search is the real winner as being described an attempt to reach the fact and spread it among people.
