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موازنة المحافظة غير المنتظمة في اقليم : دراسة مقارنة == The conservative budget for non - regular in the Territory of (Comparative Study)

Author name: جين ياسر حسين
Supervisor name: علي هادي عطية الهلالي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Balancing is the preservation of one of the most important financial instruments owned by local governments , it is played by the nets to measure the level of democratic practice and which is also the determination of the level of the financial and administrative independence to maintain , and which is the social, economic and cultural consequences of unwanted pregnancies by a policy of maintaining the development which should not interfere in principle with the general policy of the State in all fields and the fact that in the field of applied affects all fields they reflect the overall activity of the county , but honestly a mirror of philosophy and the political, economic and social development of the executive authority and objectives of the local and reflect the economic life and to maintain , and thus they represent the best instrument for local decision - making use of the resources available to maintain in accordance with The priorities of the annual plan, which must be in conformity with the policy priorities of the federal State.The budget of the county is the basic document that reflects the extent of the financial independence to maintain which in turn lead to administrative autonomy including lead as a whole to the proper application of the administrative decentralization regime established by the legislature the Iraqi constitution , where the governorates of non - regular territory governed by a decentralized system of both the political and administrative has made the lawmaker difference between political decentralization of administrative decentralization is the difference in the degree and extent and not the difference in nature and substance on the basis that they were both expressions of a single idea and decentralization, including what the multiplicity of in the centers of power , the governorates of non - regular in the region have the right to the issuance of specific legislation on the administrative and financial functioning within the limits of the governorate , spatialdistribution of the legislative authority and is part of the political authorities located within the decentralization policy Consequently, budget (local) to maintain is the local law issued a financial jurisdiction to maintain non - regular in the region , if they are Act of the local legislature.Proceeding from the above discussed the stages of the preparation of the budget of the county and the extent of its independence in the stages of the preparation of the dependence of the local legislature also discussed the budget submission for ratification by the executive authority of the federal government through its reunification with the general budget of the federal government as the legislation from the governorate council which the text of the constitution in paragraph V of the article (122) (not subject to the governorate council and the control or supervision of a ministry or non - linked to the ministry) also the text of paragraph (ii ) of article II and the law of the Governorates of non - regular in the region that the Governorate Council and subject to the control of the House of Representatives, further research in the independence of the preservation of the implementation of its budget, through the examination of the authority granted to the heads of the administrative units and their implementation , as well as the search in the multilateral oversight under which the budget after implementation.

دور المجني عليه في المسؤولية الجنائية : دراسة مقارنة == The Role of The Victim in The Criminal Responsibility : Comparison Study

Author name: صادق يوسف خلف الياسري
Supervisor name: عمار تركي عطية الحسيني
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: It became clear to us through this study to understand the phenomenon of criminal and stand on the causes, not only on the study of the behavior of the offender and his willingness innate social composition of the commission of the crime stop, but one must look at the victim and the extent of his role in the crime committed against him, as the study showed that the victim it contributes in some way to the creation of the idea of the crime or facilitate the offender, for example, we noticed that in the case of legitimate defense contributes to the victim in the emergence of the danger spot illegal toward the defender (attacker), forcing the latter to repel that threat and thus a crime, and we also find in the case of a serious provocation to the offender and caused by the victim, as is the case in a crime caught in the act of adultery, as it leads to a state of anger and intense emotion to the offender stricture freedom of choice leading to the commission of the crime, and there are quite a fraction of the crimes contributes to the victim in the occurrence, has part of it was clarified in this study.The study of the role of the victim in the criminal responsibility was not limited to the area of criminality, but also included the role of the victim in the estimation of the sentence, through a more severe punishment on the offender for some reason the availability recipe especially the victim, or the existence of a relationship linking the perpetrator to the victim, the legislator believes is inappropriate to turn a blind eye about it, because it discloses (shows) the gravity of the crime and the seriousness of the offender and the victim at other times reduces punishment for the perpetrator or stop into force, the desire of the Criminal legislator to maintain and strengthen the family's interest.And also in the field estimate punishment, this study provides a list of criminal legislator of victim Ctmaliyn who are more likely than others to fall victim to a crime, and therefore the legislature to intervene to protect them and provide them with protection criminal.In the end of this study, we had many recommendations and results .One of these results is that the victim plays a role in allowancing some of the criminal acts in the case of legitimate Right, The danger posed by the victim is described as current and illegal in addition of the inability of the defender to take over the public authority to repel that danger then the defender's action is necessary and therefore the right of legitimate is being available here. But the act of the defender must be commensurate with the act of aggression; otherwise, it would become a transgressor of the right. By the way, one of our recommendations in this study, we suggest that the Iraqi legislature make the review on the Article 422of the Iraqi Penal Code,by using the term (Child) instead of juvenile, Even children under the nine age

وقف الحصة الشائعة واحكامه : دراسة مقارنة في الفقه الاسلامي والقانون الوضعي == WAQF OF COMMON SHARE AND ITS RULINGS COMPARATIVE STUDY

Author name: مجيد محسن ناصر
Supervisor name: حسام عبد الواحد كاظم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Personal Status Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Private Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The Islamic law defines Waqf as a way of keeping things as it is and liberation of its benefit.Legally, it is defined as unilateral conduct for whoever in charge in waqf, whereas Muslim scholars permit waqf of the common share and transfer its property and partnership as a full - authorized ownership. On the other hand, Iraqi legislator does not regulate the waqf of common share. Moreover, Iraqi judicial has already issued the waqf of common share on the ground of general common rules. Nevertheless, Iraqi jurist allows the waqf of common share by any one of the partners.Therefore, to explain the value and importance of waqf, this thesis is going to be divided into three chapters. The first is dedicated to the meaning of common share's waqf; this is divided into two sections : the definition of waqf of common share, and the condition of waqf.The second chapter deals with the formation of the waqf of common share's contract and its modes. This chapter is divided into two sections; the first section is about the formation of the agreement of waqf, and the second section is about the modes of waqf of common share.The third chapter deals with the state of waqf of common share; hence, it is divided into two sections : the first explains the management of common share, while the second section explains the division of the common share that is partially kept.

الحماية الدولية للعاملين في اجهزة العدالة == International protection for workers in the justice agencies

Author name: علي كاظم عبد جاسم الغزي
Supervisor name: محمد ثامر مخاط السعدون
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: تنطوي مهمة اقامة العدل على مخاطر جمة ايسرها التزام الحياد, وامضاها مواجهة السلطة . بينما تنصرف الحماية الدولية الى تحديد نوع الخطر وجهته الذي يهدد العاملين في اجهزة العدالة وتقرير ما يمكن للوقاية منه او تقليل خطورته . ان مفهوم الاستقلال, يختلف من المحامي الى القضاة الى الادعاء العام, فالاول يمكن ان يكون واجبات والتزامات . وفي الثاني يمكن ان يكون توفير كل ما من شانه ان يجعل من القضاء سلطة بموازاة السلطات الاخرى, وضمان عدم التدخل والتاثير في قرارات واحكام القضاة . اما الادعاء العام, فان مفهوم الاستقلال يكون بتحديد علاقته بجميع الاطراف التي يتعامل معها, من قضاة ومحامين واطراف الدعوى الاخرين . وعليه فان الموضوع وان يتناول مفردة بهذا المعنى, الا انها تختلف من حيث المضمون . كذلك فان هذا الامر ينطبق على صور الحماية الاخرى, من تنظيم الخدمة, الى ضمان الحريات الاساسية, جميع هذه الامور وان يشترك بها جميع العاملين في اجهزة العدالة, الا ان لكل منها معنا خاصا بها مع عدم اغفال ان هناك مشتركات كثيرة, بين مفاهيم البحث يجعل من الربط بينها اظهار ان العدالة, وحدة واحدة تتكامل بتكامل عناصرها . وهكذا مثلا لا تجد, دولة ليس فيها نقابة محامين, بغض النظر عن تبعية هذه النقابة, الا انه في الوقت نفسه, تجد كثير من البلدان ليس فيها تجمع مهني للقضاة والادعاء العام . لذا تجد ان البحث حاول بيان هذه المفاهيم, واعطاء خصوصية لكل مفردة . وبعد ان تناول البحث الصكوك الدولية والاقليمية الخاصة بالموضوع, بالتحليل والشرح وبيان ما هو الاقرب منها لموضوع الحماية وما هو الانسب, استعاض البحث عن القرارات القضائية بما اورده المقرر الخاص, من رسائل ونداءات عاجلة في كل ما يخص الموضوع, والتي تعتبر دراسة معمقة لاحوال الدول القانونية . وحاول البحث التطرق للتشريعات العراقية الخاصة بالموضوع, ليبين مدى مطابقة هذه التشريعات مع المعايير والمبادئ الدولية, ليعطي للمشرع العراقي ومن يشملهم البحث رؤية واضحة عن مدى ملائمة هذه التشريعات مع القانون الدولي, الذي نامل ان ياخذ بها المعنيون . | Involve significant administration of justice on the enormous risks easiest commitment to neutrality, and he spent the face of power. While goes international protection to determine the type of danger that threatens his part and Justice Foundation and determine what can to prevent it or minimize the seriousness . Judges, lawyers, public prosecutors, with the same rights enjoyed by any other human being, but it must ensure in particular to protect them, because they are guarantors for the enjoyment of others of these rights, it is not available to workers in the justice systems, independence and impartiality of the judicial system becomes arbitrary and become a tool in the hands of other powers, especially the executive branch, and we will see that the concept of independence, differs from the lawyer, the judges, the public prosecutor, in first, it could be the duties and obligations. In the second, it can be, providing everything you would, that makes the judiciary authority in parallel with other authorities, and to ensure non - interference and influence in the decisions, and the provisions of the judges. The latter, we mean the public prosecution, the concept of independence, the Select relationship, all parties with which it deals, judges, lawyers, and other parties to the suit. Accordingly, the subject, and that deals with a single, in the same sense, but they differ in terms of content. Also, this thing applies to other forms of protection, of the service organization, to ensure basic freedoms, such as the right to freedom of expression, professional and assembly, to immunity, and accountability, all of these things, though shared by all employees of the justice agencies, but each her own sense of them, not forgetting, if there are many participants, between the concepts of research, makes the link between them, to show that justice, and a single unit, the integration of complementary elements. Thus, for example, you do not find, that is not a country where union lawyers, regardless of the subordination of this union, but at the same time, you find a lot of countries, which is not a professional association of judges, and public prosecutors. So you find that search, try to explain these concepts, giving the privacy of each individual . international and regional instruments on the subject, analysis, annotation, and a statement that is closest to them, the subject matter of protection, and what is the most appropriate, replaced the search for judicial decisions, including the report by the Special Rapporteur of the letters and urgent appeals, both in terms of subject, which is an in - depth study of the legal conditions of countries. And tried to search, Iraqi legislation addressed, the Iraqi constitutions, to the ordinary laws, to show the compatibility of such legislation, standards, and international principles, to give the Iraqi lawmaker, is covered by the search, a clear vision, how much appropriate legislation, with international law, which we hope will take them involved. The division of this research, into three chapters, the first chapter deals with, international protection for lawyers. And Chapter II international protection for judges. Chapter III international protection for the prosecution. Finally, this study is over, a conclusion include several conclusions, reached by the search, and several recommendations, can enhance international protection for workers in the justice agencies.

التنظيم القانوني للمصنفات المعمارية : دراسة قانونية مقارنة == The LEGAL REGULATION OF ARCHITECTURAL CATEGORIES : A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY

Author name: وداد وهيب لهمود
Supervisor name: طارق كاظم عجيل
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Private Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: In an age when developments began to witness a steadfast growth in all fields, including the urban one, due to information and technology revolution; when the right to a decent life also became a matter of humane demand that is comprehensively and imperatively applicable ، The results and reflections of such as the above have led legislations, including the Iraqi legislation, to add a sort of regulations to the architectural designs, for the latter constitutes the highest image of property - a highness which stems from its connection to that which humans hold most high, namely ،in its creative and intellectual manifestations. Furthermore, the rights stipulated have become a weapon and competitive tool to protect the intellectual rights of architect, which is to encourage innovation and creativity - a goal that requires the presence of legal entity that manages to identify and protect these rights.That said, this research has been devoted to a substantive and significant matter, which is the legal regulation of the architectural designs and its designers, given that it is an essential safeguard for these designs and designers. The importance of this right is increasingly growing in the international conventions, yet the decisions of the Iraqi legislature stipulated in the Copyright Protection Law No. 3 of 1971, along with its amendments afterwards, remains just ideas and simple signals without careful regulations that commensurate with the significance of the architectural designs - which is something that should be taken seriously especially when taking into account that the issues associated with the right of the architect did not take its share so far in the legal sources. What is more, the scarcity of these legal sources did not create possibilities that would lead to evidence substantiation with other researchers’ findings.One might ask, what is the legal regulation of the architectural categories? And, what is the adequacy of such regulation of these designs?Our answer is divided into three chapters, each contains two sections. First, we have established the legal origin of these designs and designers through outlining their definitions and identifying their legal terms. They are, pursuant to the Iraqi legislation, are arts and architectural designs. In Paragraph(4) of Article (2), the Iraqi legislator counted Arts among architectural categories while categorizing architectural designs as written works in Paragraph (10) of Article (2), even though it was also considered artistic categories. However, the Iraqi legislator was no longer considering construction as an architect category worthy of protection. Although a design might be modeled in construction, leading, in this case, to the derogation of an architect’s right due to the lack of an effective protection from such an abuse as when others try, unjustly, to implement a design that is identical to the architect’s, or when a construction containing an architectural design is similar to that set forth by the architect. Hence, we call on the Iraqi legislature to take the position of the US Law to the Architectural Work Copyright Protection Act (AWCPA) No. (650 - 101), for a building containing an architectural design should be considered architectural category worthy of legal protection. We have also investigated the ethical and financial rights ،the ethical side would represent the attitudes and the depths of human soul to whom they are spiritually attached in a manner which is unbreakable and inseparable to the architect. In this sense, the property rights does not allow transferability of a property right into others even though the architect waives his/her rights to others or s/he wills to do so. The financial side, on the other hand, constitutes the financial value of the architectural design through which the architectural designer manages to exploit it, either directly or when s/he uses it as something based on a contract or work. In both cases of property rights, the law works, in most cases, to achieve a fair balance between the rights of the designer and that of others related to his/hers. Hence, the legal protection of both the architectural production and its architect is intended to stop abuse and reduce the aggravation of the damage caused by that abuse. Since these means won’t stop the infringement, the legislation would provide other means aimed at reforming the situation, bringing it back to what it is, or giving a fair compensation.We have finished our study with a conclusion stating the findings and recommendations that we have reached.come to conclude that legal alternatives shall be taken; effective protection means for architectural categories and its designers shall be provided, to which we have seen no attention been given - an attention that we are hoping we find soon.

المسؤولية الجزائية عن الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة : دراسة مقارنة == The Criminal Responsibility for The False Commercial Advertisements comparable study

Author name: امنة كاظم سعدون
Supervisor name: عقيل عزيز عودة
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Criminal Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: العراق هو احد دول الاقتصاد الحر الذي يقوم على المنافسة الحرة في اسواق الانتاج والخدمات ، واذا كان السوق في المفهوم الاقتصادي ، لقاء العرض بالطلب فان الدعاية التجارية هي التي تخلق السوق ، ومن باب اولى توسع دائرة السوق نفسهوالا سوق بلا دعاية ، والاخيرة يعنى بها عبارة عن مجموعة من الاجراءات الفنية التي تقوم بها مؤسسة ما ببثها من اجل الحصول على الزبائن ، او زيادة عددهم ، او الحفاظ عليهم وبذلك فان للدعاية التجارية غرضين هما تحفيز المستهلك للاقبال على شراء السلع والخدمات والثاني هو خلق منافسة بين السلع والخدمات المشابهة . وبذلك فان الدعاية التجارية وفق المفهوم المتقدم لا تشكل خطورة على الواقع الاقتصادي وعلى العكس من ذلك فهي تتبوا مكانة هامة في تسويق المنتجات مما يعود بالنفع على المنتجين والموزعين وبالتالي تساعدهم في تحقيق الارباح ومن جانب اخر فانها تساعد المستهلك للتعرف على المنتجات في ظل تعدد وتنوع تلك المنتجات ، ولكن اساليب المنافسة التجارية المستخدمة من قبل منتجي السلعة الواحدة تدفع البعض منهم الى اللجوء لشتى الوسائل قد تكون مشروعة او غير مشروعة وذلك من اجل زيادة عملية الشراء من قبل مستهلكي السلع التي ينتجوها بحيث ضاع مفهوم الكسب المشروع والتعاون على ماينفع الناس وطغت الاهواء الجامحة والسعي الى الربح السريع وغير المشروع اضرارا بجمهور المستهلكين ، مما يستدعي وضع ضوابط قانونية محكمة لمنع تزايد هذه الظاهرة ، ولكن يجب الملاحظة بان الدعاية حتى وان تضمنت معلومات هدفها التاثير النفسي والتهويل والاثارة والمبالغة فانها برمتها لاترقى الى مستوى عدم المشروعية من الناحية القانونية ، لان ابراز محاسن المنتجات ومزاياها دون التطرق الى السلبيات والتشويق النفسي المخالف للحقيقة والواقع ، هو امر طبيعي طالما ان الهدف من الاعلان التجاري هو ترغيب المستهلك ودفعه لشراء المواد المعلن عنها ، وان البطاقة الاعلامية وجدت اصلا لبيان المخاطر التي تنتج عن هذه السلع ، ولكن اذا تضمنت تلك الدعاية من المعلومات المضللة والكاذبة او غير الواضحة عن حقيقية السلعة فان مثل هذه الظروف تدفع المستهلك الوقوع في غلط الذي يلحق به ضررا كبيرا . ولما كان التشريع يعكس واقع المجتمع الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والمفروض انه يواكب التطورات التي تطرا على المجتمع ، لذلك برزت الحاجة الملحة الى وجود قانون يوفر الحماية اللازمة للمستهلك من الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة ، وتجسيدا لذلك صدر قانون حماية المستهلك 2العراقي رقم (1) لسنة 2010 ولكن مع هذا فانه تبين لنا مدى قصوره في معالجة جريمة الدعاية الكاذبة حيث ان النصوص القانونية الواردة في هذا القانون لم تكن كافية لمعالجة التجاوزات والمخالفات العديدة التي ترتكب في يومنا هذا ، من خلال اساليب الخداع المتطورة التي تمارس فيها الدعاية فاننا نلاحظ اهمية وجود نص قانوني موحد وشامل ينظم ويعالج الدعاية التجارية ويحدد الجرائم التي يمكن ان ترتكب من خلالها . وفي ضوء ماتقدم فقد تم تقسيم هذه الرسالة والموسومة بـ ( المسؤولية الجزائية عن الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة ) الى ثلاثة فصول : تناولنا في الفصل الاول دراسة الاطار النظري للدعاية التجارية الكاذبة في مبحثين وبينا فيه مفهوم الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة وتعريفهواخلصنا الى انها مجموعة من الادعاءات والبيانات المخالفة للحقيقة التي تقوم بها بعض الشركات المنتجة وغير المنتجة ببثها او كتابتها سواء تم ذلك بالاعلان التجاري او بالبطاقة الاعلامية .كما عرضنا لاطار القانوني لجريمة الدعاية الكاذبة من حيث الاساس القانوني لتجريمهواتمييزها عما يشابهها .وتكلمنا في الفصل الثاني عن الاحكام الموضوعية والاجرائية التي تحكم جريمة الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة ، وبحثنا فيها الركن المادي والمعنوي للجريمة ثم تطرقنا الى الشروع والمساهمة فيها ، ثم عرضنا الى اهم الاحكام الاجرائية التي تتميز بها هذه الجريمة .واستعرضنا في الفصل الثالث اهم الاثار لهذه المسؤولية من حيث نطاقها من حيث الاشخاص والجزاء المترتب عليها ، وذلك على مبحثين ، فتطرقنا في المبحث الاول حدود هذه المسؤولية من حيث الاشخاص التي تشمل ( المعلن ، المنتج ، المحترف ، الناقل ) وكذلك تناولنا موضوع المسؤولية الجنائية عن فعل الغير في جريمة الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة وامكانية مسائلة الشخص المعنوي عنها . ثم انتقلنا الى اهم اثر يترتب على هذه المسؤولية وهو الجزاء وقسمنا الجزاء الى العقوبات والتدابير الاحترازية ، بحيث تشمل العقوبات الاصلية والتكميلية اما التدابير فتناولنا منها ماهو متعلق بهذه الجريمة .اخيرا بخاتمة هذه الرسالة ضمناها اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصلنا اليها ، وخلصنا الى المقترحات التي يمكن الاخذ بها في هذا المجال لاسيما دعوتنا للمشرع العراقي الى ان يخصص فصل مستقل لجريمة الدعاية التجارية الكاذبة يتناولها من حيث صورهواعناصرهوااركانهواالجزاءات المترتبة عليها . | As a matter of fact, Iraq is really considered as one of the free economic countries which relied upon the free competition in the markets of production and services. If we may pin down markets in the economic conception, as the meeting of supply and demand, therefore, the commercial advertisement will be the cause that creates markets. So it is best to enlarge the market circle itself, as there is no market without advertisement. And advertisement now means as a bunch of the technical procedures in which a corporation may spread on for having customers or increasing their numbers or keeping them up . Therefore, a commercial advertisement has two purposes; firstly, to motivate consumers to buy merchandises and services, and secondly to create competition amid merchandises and similar services. Thus, commercial advertisement, according to the recent conception , it does not represent a risk on the economical reality. And contrarily , it does have an important position in marketing productive merchandise. And that will bring about and advantage to the makers and distributors. And will help them to achieve profits in one hand. And on another hand it will help consumer to recognize the productions under various number and type of these productions. Probably sometimes, the ways of the commercial competition used by the makers of one stuff may impel some to use various kinds of ways whether it is be legal or illegal. In order to increase the purchase operation by merchandise consumers which they do produce. So, in this way that may cause to lose the concept of the legal trading and cooperation for what benefits people, and the extreme desires are overwhelmed and the seeking for fast and illegal profit do harm customers. Thus, it demands to put the finger of arbitrary legal regulations to hold back increasing such phenomena. There has to be in mind that advertisement , even it includes information of the psychological effect, intimidation and exaggeration and suspension, it does not reach an illegal level at the law side. Because showing the productions, advantages and traits, without touching upon the disadvantages and psychological suspension will not be fit properly with facts and reality. It is really a natural matter as long as the reason for commercial advertisement is headed to motivate consumers and egg them on to buy the merchandise advertised about. The informative card is already created for defining the risks that may be produced by this merchandise . but if it includes untrue and deceivable or unclear information about the merchandise reality, so in such circumstances may let fall in mistake which do extreme harm. As the legalization does reflect the economical and social society state. And it is supposedly to catch up with the development which took place to society, so indeed the constant necessity to be such a law will provide the required protection to consumers against untrue commercial advertisement. For embodiment such a law, it has been issued for Iraqi consumer protection, No 1 in 2010. But despite that, it is really be noticed by us its inability in healing the crime of untrue advertisements. As the legal texts mentioned in this law, were not fit enough to fix up the various misbehaviors and misconducts which have been committed in our present time. That done through the developed deceiving ways which have been practicing such advertisements . Thus, we notice the importance of presenting a comprehensive and unified legal text which organizes and healing the commercial advertisement ,as well as identifies the crimes that may be committed .In reverence to what has been mentioned, this thesis titled(The Criminal Responsibility for The False Commercial Advertisements) has been divided we highlight the concept of the untrue commercial advertisement and identifies and concludes that it is a bunch of claims and unreal data to reality in which some of producing or non - companies do spread or writes down what is done via the commercial advertisement or informative into three chapters : in the first chapter we dealt with studying the theoretical framework to the untrue commercial advertisements in two researches. In it card. A well as, we did refer to a legal framework against the untrue advertisement crime according to the legal foundation to incriminate and distinguish it from what is similar to. In the second chapter we talked about the punitive and objective regulations which dominate the untrue advertisement crimes. And in it, we searched the immaterial and material pillar for crime, then we touch upon to attempt and taking part in it . later we worded up to the most important punitive rules which are distinguished by this crime. In the third chapter we took up the most important tracks of this responsibility according to its scope to individuals and the required punition for it. That done in two researches; in the first research we touched upon the limits of this responsibility, according to individuals who are included ( advertiser, producer, professional, transfer). Then we dealt with the punitive responsibility subject on indirect person action in the crime of untrue commercial advertisement and the possibility of holding to account the artificial personality . Later we shifted into the most important track which may impose over such responsibility ,i.e. punition. Then we divided punition into preventive penalties and due process, including complementary and original penalties. As for due process we dealt with what belonged to this crime.Lastly at the end of this thesis ,we include in it, the most conclusions we reach to, and resulted to the suggestions that may be taken in this field. Specifically out calling upon for the Iraqi project to keep an independent chapter for the untrue commercial crime that is dealt with according to its pictures, elements, pillars and punitive that caused by

التنظيم التشريعي لممارسة الشعائر الدينية : دراسة مقارنة == Legislative Regulation of the Religious Rites Practice - A Comparative Study

Author name: منير حمود دخيل
Supervisor name: ميثم حنظل شريف
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study strives to look into the Constitutional and legal regulation of the practice of religious rites. In General ,today the subject of human rights , especially the practice of religious rites ,which takes strong interests and attraction by the researcher and reader either he is specialized in this field or not. Especially it has become today one of the most important human rights and freedom in a world which lives the increasing religious extremism. We can say here that measure of the development and evolution of any society was expounded by the respect of that society of the citizens and their fundamental freedoms and rights.So the practice of religious rites has occupied a special place in the social and legal Reality because it is closely linked to humans, inasmuch the breadth of the of public freedoms subject, we preferred to choose the Legislative regulation of the practice of religious rites - a comparative study - to be the Thesis title. It is important to say that the constitutions differ in their treatment of human rights according to the differences in the social, economic, and political conditions. Through this study, we review the practice of religious rites in ancient civilizations and then give the most important definitions of religion and the practice of religious rites. Then we will review in the Comparative legislation and their regulation related of the religious rites practice in two parts : The first part is the constitutional side and the second part is the legal aspect in the comparative legislation. As well - known most of states in the world resort to including in their constitutions the most significant principals and human affairs, which believe that it’s are able to protect them from violation and alteration, which will negatively effects on this practice. This was confirmed by the constitutional legislator in the United States of America in the in the Bill of rights and the First Amendment and the Egyptian legislator from 1923 condition until 2014 constitution.The Iraqi constitution of 2005 has assured the rights to protect the religion believe and the practice of religious rites, in according some of the constitutional guarantees of practicing this practice, also in accordance with signing many kinds of international agreements related to the human rights and freedom. On this basis, this thesis aims at proving the hypothesis, which demands from the constitutions in the comparative countries to constitutional protection for the religious practice in general. The laws in the comparative countries are guaranteed the protection of the practice of religious rites, based on legislation law without differ enation between individuals according to their race, language, and religion in normal conditions or in exceptional conditions. In addition, how these exceptions conditions may increase the restrictions over the practice of individual to some of their rights and expand the specialty of the executive power at the expense of other authorities in the state. It should be noted, this review has adopted of the constitutional provisions and judicial rulings in the comparative countries and others states.Thus, other means are also worth considering; though, we cannot postulate a fully mature one here, some extra legal solutions were provided in the recommendatory section. Nonetheless, both the legislative framework and its reinforcing consensus guideline will offer a legal safe for everyone in the practice of religious ritesFinally, I have finished this thesis by sitting the most consequences I reached it. Keywords : Religion, Secularism, religious rites, Public Sphere, Pluralism, Tolerance, Religious expression, Extremism

استقلال القضاء الدستوري واثره في الرقابة على دستورية القوانين : دراسة مقارنة == The independence of the constitutional judiciary and its impact in controlling the constitutionality of laws : Comparative Study

Author name: حیدر علي ضایف خطار الموزاني
Supervisor name: ولید خشان زغیر الموسوي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Constitutional Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Many states with different constitutional systems insist on the provident of legal guarantees which ensure the independence of the judiciary in to tally, because it is the apparatus which is responsible for the applying the laws andmaintaining the legal rights and freedoms, but this assistance of the independence of judiciary appears in large in the constitutional judiciary. Whether it is practicing by special courts, or by other kind or types of courts.Because the most important tasks of the constitutional judiciary is maintaining legacy and constitutional freedoms and rights. So, all constitutions in all different countries, which practice judiciary censorship on constitutionality of laws, concerning to establish the independence constitutional judiciary on rigid basis, and ensure the objectivity of constitutional agents to enable the judiciary to practice its roles correctly. The Constitutional Court is mandated to prevent the authorities from violating the provisions of the Constitution, to prevent the legislative authority from issuing laws that violate the provisions of the Constitution and to prevent the executive authority from issuing regulations and regulations that violate the Constitution. This role is exercised through constitutional supervision, It is imperative that the constitutional judiciary grant the independence necessary to exercise this role vis - a - vis the rest of the authorities. The legislative and executive authorities may try to influence the independence of the constitutional judiciary by limiting its role in monitoring through its intervention in its organization or its activities, Whist; therefore the constitutional independence ofthe judiciary is of no choice of it

البيع بشرط تصريف البضاعة il contratto estimatorio : دراسة تحليلية مقارنة == THE CONDITIONAL SALE CONSIGNMENT OF GOODS AN ANALYTIC & COMPARATIVE STUDY

Author name: احمد عبد السلام كاظم
Supervisor name: عماد حسن سلمان
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Commercial Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Private Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Iraqi legislator did not define the consignment contract; nor did he regulate its provisions, although it has been frequently circulated in people transactions. The Civil Italian Law No. 262 for the year 1942 regulated its provisions in Articles (1556, 1557, 1558). So it did the Amended Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) of 1952, Section (2/326). It was also stipulated by UK Sale of Goods Act of 1979, Paragraph (4), and Section (18) that dealt with (the sale or return.) The consignment contract is a special in - kind contract under which wholesaler would deliver goods to retailer for sale within an agreed - upon time period, whereby the former retains ownership of the goods until the price be paid, while the latter shall take the risk of loss of the goods and be obliged to pay for whatever be sold with the right to return that which is unsold. The object of contract would only include the movables without real estates. It does not take place by means of mutual consent. Rather it must be concluded whenever a wholesaler hands over the goods to retailer. Besides, it is a netting contract binding on the parties, on each party a host of commitments shall be placed. It is an immediate contract whereby time is not considered an essential element in spite of a delay of payment.The consignment contract, although it is more like a sale contact, is not a sale contract. For the sale contract is a consensual contract governed just by a mutual consent of its two parties, while the contract in question is an in - kind contract concluded by no means but delivery. Neither is it a deposit contract, nor agency contract, nor commission contract, nor company contract and nor sale with the retention of ownership. Rather, it is a special contract, new in its legal drafting, and one of the contracts that might be treated rightfully and legally, for it is in conformity with public order and morals.Furthermore, the contract in question is devoid of ambiguity and ignorance. For the wholesaler, who wants to sell out the largest possible number of his goods, would decide to distribute these goods to retailers, determining the price of the goods and the time of sale. The retailer does not afford the price of the goods, would receive the goods from the wholesaler and bear the risk of its loss so that he can sell them out. The price gain is the difference between the price determined by the wholesaler and the price at which the retailer sell.Under the contract, the retailer is committed to sell out the goods in accordance with the principle of good faith, i.e. the retailer must make every effort to show the goods in question and encourage customers to buy. Any violation of above would entail that the retailer is acting on bad faith, that is when he decides to store in the goods rather than having them offered to the public. In such a case, the wholesaler is entitled to terminate the contract because the retailer breached its obligations to sell out the goods in good faith. The retailer shall adhere as well to a key commitment that he should pay for the goods that have been sold, as well as his commitment - which is at the same time his right - to return the goods that have not been sold during the agreed - upon period. The wholesaler shall in return be committed to deliver the goods subject of the contract.The consignment contract is an in - kind contract; it is originally not to be concluded nor does it exist without delivery of goods. It also entails that the wholesaler is committed not to have access to the goods while in the possession of the retailer, whatever that might be, whether mortgaging or selling of the goods. The wholesaler as well shall not claim a refund of the goods within the specified period of the sale. Under the contract, the liability for the loss of the goods shall be placed on the retailer upon delivery; he holds responsible for the cause of the loss, even if it was a foreign cause of which he does not have a choice. Nevertheless, the retailer shall not be liable for any loss in case of old goods. Creditors of the retailer may not hold on the goods so long as the retailer did not pay for the goods. Besides, the wholesaler shall retains ownership of the goods until the retailer pays for the goods. The creditors of the wholesaler may not seize the goods under contract. This ruling is derived from the text of Article (1376) of the Iraqi Civil Law which acts as an exception to the privilege of movable seller.The consignment contract ends upon the sale of the goods, which is the subject of contract, or by the end of the specified period of sale. Moreover, the contract in question is one of the contracts that is governed by personal considerations so that the death of the retailer might be one reason among many that leads to terminate the contract especially in case that a wholesaler is not convinced with the efficiency and integrity of the retailers heirs. The contract also deemed terminated if one of the parties is considered in breach of a commitment determined by the contract in question.

التنظيم الدولي لشرط التسليم او المحاكمة واثره في النظام القانوني العراقي == International REGULation of the CoNDITION OF extradiTION or TRIAL AND ITS IMPACT ON the Iraqi legal system

Author name: مهند هادي عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: محمد ثامر مخاط السعدون
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The condition of Extradition or trial is a new and old condition, adopted by the " Grocius " 400 years ago, on day at which the international law as whole was undergoing a jelly - like period. It is now dealt with by the International Law Commission after the International law appears to be broad enough to suffer fragmentation.On the one hand, it links the requirement of condition of extradition or trial between international and criminal law, but this does not impair its international character , it is reflected positively on the international instruments that codified the international endeavor to prevent crimes known as transnational crimes, that have generated other close concepts to it such as inclusive jurisdiction and principle of integration .On the other hand, this international organization was revealed to be of three levels. First, the organization dealt the condition that research included the sources of its conditions and obstacles to effective application . The second level tackles the organization of international agreements to this condition, which take this condition out of its political nature to give it a purely legal character for the purpose of dealing with organized international crimes. This organization had a clear impact in the scope of energy transfer, technology, cybercrime and extradition conventions. The third level discusses the judicial regulation of the condition of extradition or trial, which is added up to this condition through the guarantees established by the judiciary so that to guarantee human rights and to violate his freedom . Finally, we come upon the impact of this condition in Iraqi legal system represented by the agreements that Iraq ratified and joined as well as its impact on criminal legislation, whether criminal or substantive. The study as well dealt with the point of condition in the special criminal laws .The requirement of extradition or prosecution is meant to pursue offenders and act upon prosecuting them in any place or to bring them to a party whom it wishes to put them into in order not to provide him with a safe haven. It is also clear that the Iraqi criminal legislation is free of any text that would include this requirement .

نتئج تنظير القولون والفحص النسيجي لمراجعي مركز التنظير البالغين في مستشفى الحسين التعليمي 2018 == Colonoscopic and histopathological finding among adults attending to Al Hussein teaching hospital colonoscopic center 2018

Author name: وجدان عجيل حسن
Supervisor name: علي عبد سعدون الغزي | فائز خلف عبد المحسن
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Colonoscopy is a preventive, diagnostic & possible therapeutic safe procedure .Its results influence patient’s life and outcome. To estimate the extent of abnormal colonoscopy finding among adults attended to colonoscopy center, to estimate the extent of pathological finding among patients which were biopsies had been taken , to find out the main determinant of clinical and pathological findings of colonoscopy , and to estimate the validity of colonoscopy hospital based analytical cross sectional study carried out. It is extended from beginning of February 2018 to second week of September 2018. It was carried out in Al Hussein teaching hospital in Al Nasiriyah city Thi Qar Governorate . A convenience sample of (178) attended to colonoscopy center was included in the study. The researcher try to study the socio - demographic characters and determinant using a well prepared questioner that approved by ethical committee. It was revised by two experts in medicine. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for data analysis P value (0.05) was a cut - off point for measuring statistical association .The colonoscopy findings for178 participants were as follow the normal cases were 76 (42.7%), internal hemorrhoid in 49 cases (27.5%) , nonspecific inflammation in 23cases (12.9%) , polyp in 20 cases in (11.2%) , inflammatory bowel disease in 7cases (3.9%) , colorectal cancer in 6 cases (3.4%) , and other diseases in 7cases (3.9%) Some patients had more than one abnormality.The histopathological result of colonoscopic biopsies for 39 cases which were as follow non - specific inflammation 25 cases (64.2%) ,colorectal cancer 6 cases (15.4%) , and inflammatory bowel disease 4 cases (10.2%) , and polyps 4 cases (10.2%) .About the diseases that diagnosed by colonoscopy there was a significant statistical association between age groups and specific diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, non - specific inflammation diverticular diseases , and polyps. No significant statistical association between age and colorectal cancer .Bleeding per - rectum is a big predictor sign and symptoms of lower gastrointestinal problems , and it is the main cause of referral. The Combination of diazepam and pethidine represent the highest percent (87.6%) of intravenous sedation used in 156 cases.Adequate bowel preparation in 133 cases (74.7%) while inadequate preparation was in 34 cases (19.1%) ,and bad preparation was in 11 cases (6.2).About the site of polyp we found that the most commen site of polyp others colonic polyp 9 cases (45%) , sigmoid polyp 6 cases (30%) ,and rectal polyp 5 cases (25%). While the distribution of carcinoma according to the site of location . Carcinoma of sigmoid were 3 cases (50%) , carcinoma of other colon were 2 cases (33.3%) ,and carcinoma of rectal was 1 case (16%). Sigmoid represent the most common site of occurrence of carcinoma.Colonoscopy is 92.30 % sensitive in diagnosis lower GIT problems .The most common cause of referral was bleeding per - rectum and most abnormal finding was internal heamorrhoid . Inadequate prepared bowel hide small pathology

معدل انتشار ومحددات الامراض المهنية في مدينة الناصرية في العام 2018

Author name: صفاء خضير عباس
Supervisor name: علي عبد سعدون الغزي | مسلم ناهي الهلالي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Occupational diseases and work - related injuries are a significant public health problem with severe consequences for workers and society (disabilities, lost working time, medical care). It's a major epidemic problem in the field of public health in developing countries .Aims : 1. Assessment of general workers' health.2. Exploring the extent and determinants of the occupational diseases in Al - Nasiriyah province in 2018.Method and material : An analytical cross - sectional study for exploring the extent of occupational diseases which was conducted in Al Nasiriyah thermal electrical plant, cable plant and oil refinery in the Al Nasiriyah - city at 2018. A multistage cluster sampling method was conducted to recruit (369) workers. The data gathered by survey questionnaire and processed by statistical analysis.Results : The extents of the occupational diseases and occupational injuries were about 68.02% and 22.5% respectively with diseased to non - diseased ratio equal to (2.1 : 1) and injured to non - injured ratio equal to (0.29 : 1) among the workers in AL - Nasiriyah city in 2018. The highest extent (46.6%) was being within the (From 41 - 50 years) age group. The extents of the occupational diseases for the males and females were accounting for 75.3% and 31.1% respectively with the male : female ratio equal to 12.2 : 1. Binary Logistic Regression was done for adjusting the confounder factors for systematically classified occupational diseases. An odds ratio was equal to (19.1).Recommendations : Introducing the speciality of the occupational doctor in primary health care. Requesting from the medical committees in Thi Qar Governorate Council of Nasiriyah for the establishment of the (Thi - Qar Occupational Medical Centre) to promote the optimal occupational medical care.

دراسة معدل انتشار ومحددات امراض العيون في العيادة الخارجية في الناصرية خلال عام 2018 == Epidemiology Of Ophthalmological Disease in Outpatient Clinic in AL - Nasiriya During 2018

Author name: هالة علي حسين
Supervisor name: علي عبد سعدون الغزي | واجدة سعد بنيان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
Key words:
  • AL Nasiriya
  • 2018
  • epidemiology of ophthalmological disease.
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Ophthalmological disease especially (ocular allergy) represents one of the most common conditions encountered by ophthalmologists.Allergic conjunctivitis is often underdiagnosed and consequently undertreated. Basic and clinical research has provided a better understanding of the cells, mediators, and immunologic events, which occur in eye allergy.Objectives : This study was carried out to provide a profile on the epidemiology of ophthalmological disease in outpatient clinic in Al - Nasiriya at 2018.Materials and methods : Cross - sectional analytical study involved 1000 patients, attending Al - Habboby Teaching hospital _ophthalmology out patient in Al Nasiriya , the study extended from February to September 2018. sociodemographic factor ,current history of ophthalmology disease and some determinants, specific investigation had implemented from each patient to assess the frequency ,determinants ,distributions of the commonest ophthalmological disease, (SPSS) version 23 had been in used to analysis data when be p - value <0.05 considered as significant statistically.Results : Female to male ratio was (1.277). Mean age (35 - +2.0) , the highest Prevalence ophthalmological disease according prevalence rank as follow (allergy, viral conjunctivitis , cataract ,bacterial conjunctivitis and foreign body) the result was (32.1%,14.5%,9.5%,4.6%,4.1%) respectively. While lowest prevalence of ophthalmological disease was (astigmatism ,hyphema ,lazy eye, hordeolum, sebaceous cyst) the result was (0.1%,0.1%,0.1%,0.1%,0.1%)respectively. Where resident and education had significant statistical association.Conclusion : Ophthalmological disease specially allergy are becoming more common in Al - Nasiriya . Increasing levels of allergy carry significant clinical and economic implications, with more people at risk of the sight - threatening complications associated with high allergy.

نوع التركيب النسيجي في العقدة المنعزلة في الغده الدرقية في مدينه الناصرية لثلاث سنوات 2017.2016.2015 == HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF SOLITARY THYROID NODULE IN PATIENT UNDERGOING SURGERY AT 3 YEARS(2015_2017) IN AL - NASIRIYAH CITY

Author name: مروة ياسين عايد
Supervisor name: علاء جميل حسن
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Surgery
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: دراسه لتوثيق نسبه ان العقدة المنعزله في الغدة الدرقية ان تكون سرطانية الخلايا واحتمالية انتشارها للغدد اللمفاوية للرقبة عند وقت تشخيص العقدة لمرضى مدينه الناصرية في محافظه ذي قار خلال ثلاث سنوات السابقه(2017_2016_2015). المواد والاساليب : - دراسة مقطعية وصفية وتحليلية, الدراسة تتضمن تجميع عدد من الحالات المرضى الذين يعانون من عقدة منعزلة الغدة الدرقية وبعد اجراء عملية جراحية في صالات عمليات مستشفى الامام الحسين التعليمي لاستئصال العقدة تم اخذها لاجراء الزراعة النسيجية المختبريه,وقد تمت الدراسه في مختبرات مستشفى الامام الحسين التعليمي في مدينه الناصريه التي تبعد 360كم جنوبي بغداد العاصمة.تمت الدراسه من خلال السنه الدراسيه 2 /10/2017 باثر رجعي لسنوات السابقة(2015_2016_2017).وقد شملت الدراسه المرضى من مختلف الفئات العمرية وكلا الجنسين .اهداف الدراسة : - 1 - الكشف عن الحالات المسجلة باحتماليه العقدة المنعزله في الغدة الدرقية ان تكون سرطانية الخلايا.2 - معرفة عند وقت الاستئصال ان كانت الخلايا السرطانية منتشرة في الغدد اللمفاويه للرقبه ام لا ؟النتائج : هذه الدراسة شملت الحالات المسجلة للعقدة المنعزلة في الغده الدرقية خلال السنوات (2015_2016_2017)ضمت 162حاله وكانت النتائج اكثر الحالات سجلت في سنه2016 ,وكانت نسبه المريضات(96.9%)واغلبهم يتراوح عمرهم(18_45) بنسبه(67.9%)ومنهم اعمارهم(45_65)بنسبه(29.6%).وكانت نسبه ان تكون العقدة المنعزلة ذات خلايا حميده(57.4%) اكثر من نسبه كونها خلايا سرطانية(35.2%) اوصت الرسالة : 1_فتح مراكز تهتم بمتابعة الهرمونات بمشاركة فريق متخصص لعدة اختصاصات كالجراحة العامة والنسائية وطب المجتمع والاسرة ....................2_متابعة النظام الغذائي مع متخصصين تغذية.3_يتطلب اجراء مزيد من الدراسات مع تصميمات مختلفة ولفترات اطول نسبيا,ويفضل ان يكون نوع الدراسة بشكل يسمح لمتابعة لتحديد تاثير عوامل الخطر المربكة مثل العمر,والاجهاد,والاشعاع بدلا من العوامل المحددة وكذلك الدراسات المطلوبة حول الاستجابة للعلاج ومتابعة مضاعفات المرض | Background : The morbidity of solitary thyroid nodule to be benign or malignant affecting different age group and gender are generally not well established need to more focus about details histopathology and identified the characters of histopathology. AIM OF STUDY : To know histopathological characters of solitary thyroid nodule in patients undergoing in Nasiriya city at (2015_2016_2017).Patients and methodThis cross - sectional analytical study was carried out at the department of general surgery, Al_Hussain teaching hospital. It is retrospective study during 3 years ago(2015,2016,2017).The study include the collection samples of known cases of solitary thyroid nodule from operation room in ,Al_Hussain teaching hospital for 3 years about 162 cases and send it into histopathology in lab. In same hospital in Nasiriya city about 360 km south Baghdad the capital, and take the result of histopathology from lab. In same hospital.The study include different ages All age groups were included in this study. Classified into : • Child and adolescence less than 18 years old• Young adult(18_45) years old• Old adult (45_65) years old • Elderly (65years old and above)And both sexes (male and female).Results : A total samples collection to study are 162 of patients with STN during three years(2015_2017),The female (157) and the male( 5 ).majority of the studied population were female (96.9%), and most of them were at age of 18 - 45 years (67.9%), followed by the old adult 29.6%, while the other groups were having an equal percent of 1.25%., a studied total number were attending the Al - Hussien teaching hospital mostly coming at the 2016followed by 2017 then 2015.were most of them at the 2016 (41.1%), followed by 2017 (39%), while the 2015 were the smallest proportions of the contributors.most of the presented cases were with follicular adenoma (57.4%) followed by papillary carcinoma (35.2%) then follicular carcinoma (5.6%), while medullary Ca were the littlest proportion (1.9%). Child and elderly show no case of lymph node involvement, highest proportion were among adult cases, while the old adult show only (6,3%) L.N involvement , where M.Ca showing no L.N involvement, while(15.8%) of the papillary carcinoma show L.N involvement, regarding folicular Carcinoma only 11.1% of them showing L.N involvement.

مدى انتشار الاكتئاب لدى مراجعي عيادة الجهاز الهضمي في مدينة الناصرية 2018 == Extent of depression among gastrointestinal tract symptoms in medical outpatient clinic attendees in Al - Nasiriyah city at 2018

Author name: ابرار علي حسن
Supervisor name: احمد حسن حسین | مسلم ناھي سعید
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
Key words:
  • depression
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms
  • Prevalence
  • Al - Nasiriyah 2018
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions in the general population as well as in clinical practice. In clinical studies, there is a strong relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and depression and the gastrointestinal symptoms remain for longer time and are more serious than in patients without depression.Objective : To estimate extent of depression in gastrointestinal tract symptoms in medical outpatient clinic attendees.methods : The study was a cross - sectional analytical study for 154 adult population in the Al - Hussein teaching hospital in Nasiriya city ,conducted at first March 2018 and completed at end of September 2018. tools of method was questioner and for diagnosis of depression was used Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,fourth edition (DSM - IV) criteria. refusal rate was zero and for statistic analysis was used SPSS version 22.Result : The study showed that 43.5 % of subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms suffer from depression. depression found in 40.7% of females and 47.1% of males . 50.0% of depressed patients were in two age groups of 20 - 44 years and ≥ 65 years.Most of depressed patients were suffering constipation (51.3%), change in appetite (51.3%), and change in weight(50.7%), where only change in appetite had significant association with depression, were p - value=0.001. More of depressedsubjects had GI symptoms with one month duration and ≥7 numbers of GIT symptoms. Recommendation : Raising awareness of general population about the depression and relation of that with GIT symptoms

دراسة العلاقة بين نسبة الصوديوم بالدم وتكرار الصرع الحراري في الاطفال من عمر 6 اشهر الى 7 سنوات في مدينة الناصرية 2018 == THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM SODIUM LEVEL AND RECURRENT FEBRILE SEIZURES IN CHILDREN BETWEEN 6 MONTHS TO 7 YEARS AL - NASSIRIYA CITY 2018

Author name: فلاح حسن مالك
Supervisor name: امين تركي | مسلم ناهي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
Key words:
  • Febrile seizure
  • serum sodium (hyponatremia)
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Febrile seizure is the most common convulsive event in children younger than 60 months, it is often recurring within the first twenty - four hours. A febrile seizure is terrifying event for parent. Different factors enhance the occurrence of seizure and one of these factors is hyponatremia which thought to be low in children with recurrent febrile convulsion. Objective : To estimate the relation and the effect of serum sodium in recurrence of febrile convulsion. Patients and method : An observational case control study conducted on (180) child between the age of 6 months and 7 years ,all patients divided in to 3 groups ;group (A) which include (60) children presented with fever without convulsion which considered control group , group B which include (60) child presented with single febrile convulsion and last group was group C which include (60) child presented with recurrent febrile convulsion .Serum sodium was estimated for all children immediately after admission to emergency . Our study carried out in Mohammed Al Mousawi pediatrics hospital in AL - Nasiriya city during the period between May to September of 2018. Result : In our current study 180 children were included with age range between (6 months to 7 years) old. Serum sodium was estimated and we compare the result between the 3 groups of study. The study involved 89 males and 91 females. The mean serum sodium in group A, B, C, were 139.45,137.09,131.95 respectively with (p value <0.001) which found to be significant value. We estimate that decrease serum sodium levels in relation with increase recurrence of febrile convulsion, also we found that hyponatremia children are 4 times more likely to develop recurrent convulsion than children with normal or elevated serum sodium. Regarding the serum calcium, random blood sugar and Tamp., there is no significant association, but family history was significantly associated with occurrence of febrile seizure. Conclusion : The current study shows significant correlation between decrease serum sodium and recurrence of febrile convulsion us serum level found to be lower in children with recurrent febrile convulsion

تقييم ضعف السمع بين اطفال المدارس الابتدائية في مدينة الناصرية خلال عام 8102 == Hearing impairment among primary school children in Al - Nasiriya city during 2018

Author name: علي عبد سعدوى الغزي
Supervisor name: مشتاق نعمة المالكي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: More than five percent of people in the world have disabling hearing loss . Children are thirty four millions from total four hundred sixty six million people with hearing loss . Hearing impairment among primary school children if remains unaddressed can significantly affect the academic performance of children and can result in poor psycho - social and intellectual development in children.so early detection and early intervention of hearing impairment in early childhood will ensure well - mental , social, communicational and educational development of children.Study objective : To estimate extent of hearing impairment among children of primary schools in Al - Nasiriya city and identify certain determinants .Methodology : Across - sectional and comparative school - based study was carried out through multistage systematic random sampling for 9 public primary schools in Al - Nasiriya city from1st of February/2018 - 3th of May /2018. Primary information was obtained through prepared questionnaires including the socio - demographic characters of studied pupils ,thorough otological history ; and clinical examination ( through direct observation ; and use of tuning fork test were conducted on all participants and screening audiometry was conducted for children with suspected hearing impairment). Then children with suspected hearing impairment were referred for AL - Habboby hospital to confirm the diagnosis of hearing loss by diagnostic audiometry and tympanometry and to know whether it was CHL or SNHL . The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 23 and tests of significance were used( x2 test and Fisher exact test ) , and the significant Probability value ≤ 0.05.Results : A total of 355 pupils were screened, 228(64.2%) of them were males and 127(35.8%) were female that ratio of male to female was 1.8 : 1. Nearly half of pupils were within 6 - 7 years at (55.2%) ,and least one were within age group >10 years (15.2%). Majority of pupils were within high socio - economic status (87.6%) , and the remaining were within moderateXIV(8.2%) - low class (4.2%). The extent of hearing impairment among pupils in Nasiriya city was 16% .Unilateral (9.2%) was more prevalent than bilateral (7%). of 58 pupils with HI , 24(41.4%), 23(39.7%) , 5(8.6%) , 4(6.9%) ,and 2(3.4%) had ear wax, otitis media with effusion , CSOM, ear wax ,and foreign body in external ear canal respectively.Of 58 pupils with hearing impairment,52(14.7%) of studied pupils had mild hearing impairment, and 6(1.7%) had moderate hearing impairment. Non showed moderately severe or sever or profound hearing loss.There was significant association between age , socio - economic status of studied population and Prevalence of hearing impairment by logistic regression analysis.Conclusion : The most affected pupils in our study were female gender , pupils aged > 10 years ,and with low socioeconomic status. Where univariate analysis shown statistical association of hearing impairment with sex , socioeconomic status, family size, ear discharge and otalgia. There was high prevalence of hearing impairment in comparable with other study. The study shown that most common ear diseases associated with hearing impairment were ear wax impaction and otitis media with effusion and the commonest degree

تقييم الخطوره على الحوامل اللاتي تراجع رعاية الحامل في المراكز الصحيه في مدينة الناصريه للعام 2018\1440 == Risk assessment among pregnant women attending antenatal care in the primary health care centers in Al - Nasiriya city in 2018 / 1440

Author name: زينب حيدر عبد الجبار
Supervisor name: الاء حسين علي الناصر | مسلم ناهي سعيد محاضر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
Key words:
  • prevalence
  • pregnant women
  • antenatal care
  • Modified Coopland score
  • cross sectional study
  • laboratory results
First pages:
Abstract: دراسه مقطعيه وصفيه وبائيه تدرس ٥٨٦ من الحوامل في محافظة ذي قار في مركز الناصريه على المراكز الصحيه ، امتدت الدراسه من الاسبوع الثالث لشهر كانون الثاني ٢٠١٨ حتى نهاية شهر اب ٢٠١٨ ، لدراسة تقييميه للحوامل اللاتي تراجع المراكز الصحيه لاخذ رعاية الحوامل وخدمات للحوامل ودراسة تاثير عوامل الخطوره على الحامل وما هو العامل الاكثر انتشارا بين الحوامل وكم نسبة باقي عوامل الخطوره على الحوامل وعلاقة هذه العوامل على الحاله الاجتماعيه كالعمر والمهنه ودرجة التعليم والحاله الماديه ، كانت الدراسه على ٩ مراكز صحيه من مراكز المدينه : ٦ مراكز صحيه من القطاع الثاني و٣ مراكز صحيه من القطاع الاول حيث اختيرت عشوائيا ، واخذت جميع الحوامل المراجعات التي تنتمي لذلك المركز بالاعتماد على الرقعه الجغرافيه يوميا ولمدة تقريبا ٣ اشهر ونص في تجميع العينه يوميا من السبت للخميس من الساعه ٨ ونصف صباحا حتى الساعه ١ ظهرا عدا ايام الجمعه والعطل الرسميه ، وكانت نتيجة الدراسه كالتالي : منخفضة الخطوره ٦٠,٦% ، عالية الخطوره ٢٠,٦% ، جدا عالية الخطوره ١٨,٨% واما بالنسبه اكثر عامل خطوره هو التهاب المسالك البوليه بنسبة ٢٨,٩% ويليه فقر الدم بنسبة ٢٧,٨% واكثر فتره وجدت فيها عوامل الخطوره مرتفعه هي الفتره الثانيه من الحمل من الشهر الرابع حتى نهاية الشهر السادس ، وهناك علاقه مع الحاله الاجتماعيه لهذا كانت ضمن التوصيات للدراسه زيادة ثقافة وعي الحامل قبل الحمل وخلال الحمل | Background : Antenatal care services is particularly definitive for enhancing effectiveness of services for childbirth and introduce best pregnant women’s needs of antenatal care services and consequentially improve the outcome of both mothers and infants.Objectives : To assess of antenatal care in pregnant women's to identify the level of antenatal care, prevalence of risk factor according to the score among pregnant women attendens primary health care centers for antenatal care.Subjects and methods : A descriptive cross sectional study started from 15th of January 2018 to the end of august 2018 on 586 pregnant women attending nine Primary Health Care centers for antenatal care in Al Nasyria city. These nine PHCCs were located in two health Sectors, data collection continued for three months and a half.The questionnaire was prepared after a through literature review to include all potential risk factors in addition to possible related demographic and other related factors (educational level, socioeconomic level and occupation).Antenatal risks were calculated according to modified Coopland score.The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 (SPSS - 23).Result : according to Coopland score the distribution of the sample showed that : - Low risk : 355 women (60.6%) of the sample - High risk : 121 women (20.6%) of the sample - Extremely high risk : 110 women (18.8%) of the sampleThe high risk and extremely high risk cases occurred mostly in 2nd trimester. Urinary tract infection represented the prvelant risk factor (28.9%).Conclusion : the prevalence of risky pregnancy was high. Although low risk factors were found in about two thirds of the sample, high and very high risky pregnancy was found in two fifths of the sample. These findings indicated the urgent need for more facilities to improve antenatal services in the primary health care centers and to encourage women to utilize these services. Special emphasis need to be centered on high and extremely high risk groups through providing specialized care during antenatal care and put a plan for them to decrease both complication and death on both fetus and mother sides. Recommendation : the study results mandate more facilities like ultrasound to obtain more information that encourage pregnant women to visit primary health care centers and put plan for high risk pregnancy for specialized care

تقدير مدى انتشار ومحددات سرطان الثدي بين الاناث ذوات عقدة الثدي ومتغيراته الزمنية لستة سنوات في محافظة ذي قار == Extent and determinants of breast cancer among females with breast mass during 2018 in Thi - Qar province

Author name: استبرق امين حبيب
Supervisor name: علاء جميل حسن | حميد نعيم موسى
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية الدراسة : من اهم الاعراض الاكثر شيوعا لسرطان الثدي هي الاحساس بعقدة او كتلة جديدة في الثدي، وتعتبرايضا واحدة من اهم مؤشرات اضطرابات الثدي ، على الرغم من ان معظم عقد الثدي حميدة ، ولكن سرطان الثدي هو اكثر انواع السرطانات شيوعا في الاناث في جميع انحاء العالم ومن الاسباب الاكثر شيوعا للوفاة بسبب السرطان بين الاناث في البلدان المتقدمة والنامية بما في ذلك العراق.الاهداف : تهدف الرسالة الى تقدير نسبة سرطان الثدي الى عقدة الثدي بين الاناث التي تعاني من عقدة الثدي في ذي قار خلال عام 2018 ، ودراسة الخصائص الاجتماعية للمصابين كمحددا لسرطان الثدي مع دراسة خواص سرطان الثدي الخلوية والنسيجية في ذي قار 2018.طرق العمل : • التصميم : تم استخدام تصميم تحليلي مقطعي.• المرضى : ادرجت كل النساء اللاتي تعرضن بكتلة الثدي في عمر محدد.• اخذ العينات : تم اخذ حجم عينة طبقا لفترة الدراسة.• الاجراء التشخيصي : تم التشخيص بشكل اساسي على اساس التقييم الثلاثي(Triple test).النتائج : يشكل سرطان الثدي في ذي قار ربع الحالات المصابة بكتلة الثدي بين النساء, مع نسبة الكتلة الخبيثة للكتل الحميدة حوالي (1 : 2,8) ، ويشكل سرطان القنوات المتسلل غير المحدد النوع الشكل الاكثر شيوعا. (59.5٪) من الخلايا السرطانية كانت معتدلة التمايز اثناء الدراسة و( 32 ٪) كانت غير متمايزة اما (8.5 ٪) فان الخلايا متمايزة بشكل جيد. ، من ناحية اخرى فان معظم المرضى اكتشفوا في مراحل متاخرة (II, III, IV stages)، في حين ان 10 ٪ فقط في مرحلة مبكرة.التوصيات : 2. الفحص الدوري المبرمج اللازم للكشف عن السرطان في المرحلة المبكرة ، وتسهيل توافر ادوات الفحص في مراكز الرعاية الصحية وفي مستشفيات اقضية محافظة ذي قار.2. تعتبر عيادة الثدي جزءا مهما من الرعاية في مستشفى الحسين التعليمي وفي المحافظة ، مما يزيد من الحاجة الى مركز متخصص قادر على تحقيق الهدف الوقائي والصحي المطلوب.3. على الرغم من معظم عوامل خطر الاصابة بالسرطان ليست قابلة للتعديل ، فان عددا من العوامل يمكن التحكم بها وذلك بتغيير نمط الحياة العام بالتخلص من العادات غير الصحية كالتدخين ، وارتفاع الوزن بعد انقطاع الطمث ، وعدم ممارسة الرياضة او قلة النشاط البدني التدخين وتشجيع الرضاعة الطبيعية للحد من سرطان الثدي.4. الحاجة الى تفعيل برنامج الفحص على مستوى الرعاية الصحية الاولية مع وجود طبيب اشعة متخصص في فحص امراض الثدي في ذي قار.5. الطلب على التخصصات الفرعية الجراحية والاشعاعية في امراض الثدي ولزيادة اعداد اخصائيي امراض الانسجة لتحسين النظام الصحي.6. الحاجة لاجراء مزيد من الدراسات مع تصميمات مختلفة ولمدة اطول ، ويفضل ان يكون نوع الدراسة يسمح بمتابعة المرضى لفترات طويلة, لتحديد تاثير عوامل الخطر التي تداخل الدراسات المقطعية مثل العمر ، والاجهاد والاشعاع ، وكذلك دراسات اخرى حول الاستجابة للعلاج | Background : The most common symptom of breast cancer is a new mass. It is regarded as one of the most important indicators of breast disorders, Although most masses were benign, but breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide and the commonest factor of cancer related death among females in developed and developing countries including Iraq. Aim of the study : To measure extent of breast cancer among female with breast mass in Thi - Qar, to define the most common types of malignant and benign breast mass and to study the soscio - demographic characteristics, and most important determinant of breast cancer patients counseling breast disease centre in Thi - Qar 2018.Methodology :  Design : A cross sectional analytical design was used.  Duration of study : 8 months. Patients : All women presented with breast mass at defined age, were included.  Sampling : A convenience sample size was taken. diagnostic procedure : Diagnosis was mainly done based on triple assessment. SPSS analysis has been used.Results : • Breast cancer in Thi - Qar constitute 26% of attendant with breast mass. The ratio of malignant for benign masses was 1 : 2.8.• Invasive carcinoma of NST the most common variant, and more than half of the malignant masses were moderately differentiated, one third of them were poorly differentiated, and only less than ten percent was well differentiated at the time of study. Also the majority of patients presents at late stages (II,III and 4) while only 10% at early stages (I) at the time of diagnosis.Recommendation : • Regular programmed screening required to detect the cancer in the earlier stage, and facilitate the availability of screening tools at the health care centers and in peripheries hospitals of Thi - Qar.• The breast clinic is an important part of care in Al - Hussein Teaching hospital, as its unique clinic in the governorate, so increasing the need to be specialized center.

النتائج السريرية لانثقاب المرارة اثناء عملية استئصال المرارة بالمنظار في مستشفى الحسين التعليمي 2018 == Clinical outcomes of Gall bladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in AL - Husain Teaching hospital 2018

Author name: كاظم جواد كاظم
Supervisor name: مهند عبد الرضا عكموش
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Surgery
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The most common surgical procedure as laparoscopy, performed all over the world is Lap. chole. .It has now become the golden procedure of management for gallstones. Even though, there are many attempts to explore the influence of perforation of gallbladder on the clinical outcomes, but the conflicting results are still. Because of increasing in the attempts at minimally invasive surgery, during lap chole; accidental gallbladder perforation is on rise. Aims : The researcher try to investigate criteria and the clinical outcomes and the risk factors in patients who develop gallbladder perforation during Lap Chole. Methods : An (80) patients had been undergo Lap.chole.. by a cross sectional comparative analytical study in prospective pattern had been carried out in Al - Hussain teaching hospital - Thi - Qar - Iraq. The data collection phase extended over a period of 7 months from 2nd of January 2018 to 1st of august 2018. Each participants subjected to a questionnaire that include : personal socio - demography, and fallowed up for at least one week to assess the outcome. The data analyzed by using SPSS (version 23). p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant .XIIResults : Eighty (80) patients sustained a gallbladder perforation, the bulk of the sampled cases taken was females were mostly at age of 40 - 60 years, and Al - Nasiriya residency, and these are not the total number of cases of accidental gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 7 months of the study, only two cases ended with sub - hepatic collection, there was statistical association between type of perforation and some determinants such age and gender (p value=0.001), while there was no sig. Statistical association between complication and studied variables (P value >0.05) . Conclusion : The most age of occurrence of the complication is the peak age of gall stone development, and because the large number of female patient in our study, so female consider the main affected gender for both gall bladder diseases and perforation during lap. chole.. Accidental gallbladder perforation can be caused mainly by technical errors.

نمط الامراض الجلديه للمرضى الوافدين الى العياده الخارجية للامراض الجلدية في مستشفى الامام الحسيني التعليمي في مدينة الناصرية لعام 2018 == Pattern of dermatological diseases among a sample of patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic in Al - Hussein teaching hospital in Al - Nasiriya city 2018

Author name: زهراء جبر ابراهيم
Supervisor name: Ali A.Saadoon Al - Ghuzi
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Background : skin diseases are a common problem wide world affecting both sexes and all age groups, there are many factors contributing to skin diseases such as contact with infectious patient, contact with allergen or others irritant materials, overcrowding and poor hygiene.Objective : to study the epidemiology of common dermatological diseases in Al - Nasiriya city at 2018.Methods and materials : case series study from first of February 2018 to the September 2018.try to study sociodemographic, determinant, specific laboratory investigation of common dermatological diseases under a well prepared questionnaire. The analysis of data was done by - SPSS version 25 Result : total of 1048 patients had been studied where the extent of eczema/dermatitis 38.3%, viral infection20.4%, and protozoal infection 14%.regarding to the sociodemographic the age had significant association in multivariate analysis and other determinant the past medical history had a significant association.Conclusion : eczema /dermatitis, viral infection, protozoal infection had most extent of dermatological diseases.Recommendation : further studies are required to identify preventive measures and establishment of dermatological center

قياس جودة الاشعة السينية الرقمية لاشعة الصدر في مستشفيات مدينة الناصرية 2018م/1440هـ == Quality Assessment of digital Chest radiography in Al Nasiriyah Main Hospitals at 2018/1440H

Author name: رياض عادل عبد العزيز
Supervisor name: Muslim Nah. Saaeed
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : يحق لطبيب الاسرة في حالات متكررة ترتيب وتقييم وتفسير وتشخيص صور الاشعة السينية بنفسه وبدون توجيه مهني متخصص من اخصائي الاشعة. جودة الاشعة السينية هي العنصر الاساسي لتسهيل التشخيص وزيادة دقة العلاج، من خلال القيام بذلك، فهي توفر اقصر الطرق للتعافي.الهدف : هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقييم جودة الصور الشعاعية للصدر لتقييم كفاءة فنيي الاشعة في مستشفيات الناصرية الرئيسية : مستشفى الحسين، والحبوبي بنت الهدى.المواد والطرق : دراسة مقطعية بصورة رجعية، اجريت لمدة ثلاثة اشهر، من الاول من حزيران / 2018 حتى 31 اب / 2018، في ثلاثة مستشفيات جامعية في مدينة الناصرية / جنوب العراق. شملت العينة عينة من 711 صدر اشعة سينية الرقمية ، تم تقييمها لمعلمات الجودة من قبل اثنين من اطباء الاشعة من نفس المستشفى الذي تم اخذها منه.النتائج : كان معدل الرفض للاشعة السينية على الصدر 20.25 ٪، حيث كان هناك 144 من اصل 711 فيلما لم تجب على السؤال السريري، وتحتاج الى تكرار. تقريبا نصف الافلام المرفوضة كانت من بنت الهدى مع 70 (48.6٪) من الافلام المرفوضة. اعلى معدل للرفض كان سببه : تناوب مع 29 (20.14 ٪)، والتنغيم مع 28 (19.44 ٪) وخطا الاختراق 26 (18.06 ٪). سوء التنفس هو السبب الرئيسي للرفض في 15 (10.42 ٪) من الافلام، وقطع الاشتمال التشريحيAnatomical inclusion في 15 (10.42).الاستنتاجات : كان هناك معدل رفض الاشعة السينية الصدر (20.25 ٪) في المستشفيات الثلاثة. تشمل اكثر الاسباب شيوعا خطا الموقع (الدوران في 29 (20.14٪) وسوء التنفس في 28 (19.44٪)، اخطاء الاختراق في 26 (18.06٪)، اما مستشفى بنت الهدى فكانت الاكثر شيوعا في رفض الاشعة السينية (48.6). ٪). توافد عدد كبير من المرضى والتحميل الزائد في تلك المستشفيات، نتجت باخطاء تشخيصية مع ارتكاب العديد من الاخطاء في جودة الاشعة السينية للصدر. | Background : the the family physician is entitled in frequent situations to order, evaluate, interpret, and diagnose chest X - rays by himself and without professional guidance of a specialized radiologist. Quality of X - rays is the key element for facilitating the diagnosis and increase the accuracy of treatment, by doing that it provides the shortest way to recovery.Aim : This study aimed for assessing the quality of chest radiography in AlNasiriyah main hospitals; Al - Hussein, AlHabbobi, and Bent AlHuda Hospitals.Material and methods : Observational prospective cross sectional study, done for a period of three months, from the First of June/2018 until the 31st of Ougest/2018, in three tertiary hospitals in AlNasiriyah city/ South of Iraq. It included a total sample of 711 chest X - rays, assessed for quality parameters by two radiologists from the same hospital it was taken from. Results : there were 144 out of 711 films that did not answer the clinical question, and needed to be repeated. Almost half of rejected films were from Bent Al - Huda with 70(48.6%) rejected films. The variables that had the highest odds for rejecting an X - ray film were having an obese body built, angulated films, aftifacts and incomplete inspirationConclusions : There was a chest X - ray rejection rate of (20.25%) in the three hospitals. The most common causes included positioning fault (rotation in 29(20.14%) and angulation in 28(19.44%), and penetration errors in 26(18.06%). Bent AlHuda Hospital had the most frequent rejected X - rays of (33.9%). Large number of patients and resulting loading in those hospitals interfered with diagnosing their diseases and made several mistakes in chest X - ray quality

تاثير العملية القيصرية على وزن الجسم ومحيط الخصر بين النساء في مدينة الناصرية : دراسة مقطعية مستعرضة

Author name: ايمان عبد العباس حسين
Supervisor name: مسلم ناهي سعيد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية البحث : ان معدل انتشار السمنة يزداد في البلدان النامية ودول العالم الثالث. والسمنة هي احدى عوامل الخطر الرئيسية لعدد من الامراض المزمنة كالسكر وارتفاع ضغط الدم وامراض القلب ، ولذلك تعتبر من مشاكل الصحة العامة الرئيسية .الاهداف : تم اجراء هذه الدراسة لقياس مدى تاثير العملية القيصرية على وزن الجسم ومحيط الخصر بين النساء غير الحوامل اللواتي لديهن عملية قيصرية سابقة بالمقارنة مع النساء اللواتي لديهن ولادات طبيعية في مدينة الناصرية.الطرائق : تعتبر هذه الدراسة دراسة مقطعية منفذة في اثنين من المستشفيات التعليمية لمدينة الناصرية ( مستشفى الحبوبي التعليمي ومستشفى بنت الهدى التعليمي) للفترة ما بين الاول من شهر تشرين الثاني 2016 ولغاية الاول من تشرين الثاني2017 . النساء غير الحوامل اللواتي لديهن عملية قيصرية سابقة بالمقارنة مع النساء اللواتي لديهن ولادات طبيعية واللواتي راجعن العيادات الخارجية لاقسام النسائية في هذه المستشفيات اختيروا بشكل عشوائي, تم تضمينها في هذه الدراسة. تم احتساب العينة البحثية بناء على نسبة انتشار السمنة بين النساء في العراق(42.6٪)، وبنسبة دقة انتشار 5% ومستوى ثقة 95%, يكون حجم العينة البحثية (490) مشاركة وبعد اضافة 10 % لتغطية النساء اللائي رفضن الاشتراك في هذا البحث ,فيكون حجم العينة (500). تم جمع البيانات بواسطة استمارة استبيان. شملت استمارة الاستبيان معلومات عن العمر ،الوظيفة ،عدد افراد الاسرة ،الدخل الشهري للاسرة ،المستوى التعليمي ،السكن ،عدد الولادات الحية, نمط الولادة ,نمط الرضاعة بعد الولادة ، ،نوع النشاط الممارس اثناء اوقات الفراغ ، تم قياس الوزن ،الطول ،محيط الخصر، ودليل كتلة الجسم لتقييم الحالة التغذوية . تم تحليل البيانات باستعمال الرزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (اس بي اس اس ) النسخة 23 اعتبرت قيمة p اصغر من 0.05 ذات قيمة معنوية احصائيا . النتائج : كان معدل كتلة الجسم(29.5+4.6)كغم /م 2. فكان معدل انتشار السمنة 82.2% ومعدت انتشار السمنة البطنية 64.2%. معدل انتشار السمنة اكثر بين النساء اللواتي لديهن عمليات قيصرية 56% بينما44 % بين النساء اللواتي لديهن ولادة طبيعية ، بينما كان معدل انتشار السمنة البطنية اكثر شيوعا بين النساء اللواتي ليهن عملية قيصرية مقارنة بالنساء اللواتي لديهن ولادة طبيعية (71.7%مقابل28.3 % على التوالي ).الاستنتاجات : تدعم هذه الدراسة بانه نمط الولادة له دور في تغير وزن الجسم ومحيط الخصر واتضح ان العملية القيصرية لها دور كبير في زيادة محيط الخصر مقارنة مع النساء اللواتي لديهن ولادة طبيعية.

مدى شيوع مرض السمنة والعوامل المرتبطة به بين طلبة جامعة ذي قار وكلية مزايا للعام الدراسي 2016 == Prevalence of Obesity and its associated factors Among Thi - Qar University and Mazaya college Students,2016

Author name: Alaa Jassim Mohammod
Supervisor name: Dheyaa k. Al - Omar
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية البحث : ان معدل انتشار السمنة يزداد في البلدان النامية ودول العلم الثالث .و السمنة هي احدى عوامل الخطر الرئيسية لعدد من الامراض المزمنة كالسكر وارتفاع ضغط الدم وامراض القلب ، ولذلك تعتبر من مشاكل الصحة العامة الرئيسية .الهدف : دراسة معدل انتشار السمنة والعوامل المرتبطة بها بين طلبة الجامعات في محافظة ذي قار . كذلك دراسة الانماط والعادات الغذائية بينهم.اشخاص وطريقة الدراسة : بدات هذه الدراسة المقطعية في الاول من نيسان وانتهت في العاشر من شهر ايار2016، تم من خلالها دراسة مجموعة تتكون من 841طالب وطالبة (358 و456 على التوالي ) بعمر 18 - 36 سنة (بمعدل7. 21 +2.3 سنة ) اختيروا بشكل عشوائي طلبة جامعة ذي قار الحكومية وكلية مزايا الاهلية . شملت استمارة الاستبيان معلومات عن العمر ،الجنس،عدد افراد الاسرة ،الدخل الشهري للاسرة ،المستوى التعليمي للابوين ،السكن ،عدد ساعات النوم خلال اليوم ، وسيلة المجيئ للكلية ،نوع النشاط الممارس اثناء اوقات الفراغ ،العادات الغذائية وقائمة تحتوي انواع مختلفة من الاطعمة ، تم قياس الوزن ،الطول ،محيط الخصر، ودليل كتلة الجسم لتقييم الحالة التغذوية . تم تحليل البيانات باستعمال الرزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (اس بي اس اس )النسخة 23 اعتبرت قيمة p اصغر من 0.05 ذات قيمة معنوية احصائيا .النتائج : كان معدل كتلة الجسم للطلبة24.17+4.0 كغم /م 2 وكان اكثر من نصفهم من (59.2) من ذوي الوزن الطبيعي (63.8 %من الطلاب و55.2 %من الطالبات ) ، بينما كان معدل انتشار زيادة الوزن وكذلك السمنة بينهم 28.3 % و8.1 % على التوالي . كان معدل انتشار السمنة متقاربا بين الذكور والاناث ، بينما كان معدل انتشار زيادة الوزن اكثر شيوعا بين الطالبات مقارنة بالطلاب (32 %مقابل 23.1 % على التوالي ).كان معدل انتشار قلة الوزن اكثر شيوعا بين الطلاب مقارنة بالطالبات (5.1 %من الطلاب مقابل 3.7 % من الطالبات ) .اعتمادا على محيط الخصر كان 3 % من الذكور و18 % من الاناث اكثر عرضة لخطر الاصابة بالامراض المصاحبة للسمنة .كان معدل انتشار السمنة ومحيط الخصر اعلى لدى الطلبة الذين تتجاوز اعمارهم السادسة والعشرين وكذلك الطلبة من ذوي الاسر التي لاتتجاوز اعداد افرادها الست اشخاص(p<.05) لكلا المتغيرين . نسبيا ، هناك نسبة عالية نسبيا (42.7 %من الطلاب و35.8 % من الطالبات )يقضون اكثر من ساعتين في اليوم امام شاشات الحاسوب . الطالبات اقل نشاطا وحركة من الطلاب (p<.05) نسبة عالية من الطلاب والطالبات لا يتناولون وجبة الافطار والحليب وكذلك الخضروات والفواكه يوميا .الاستنتاجات : تدعم هذه الدراسة بانه هناك عوامل متعددة مسببة للسمنة . واظهرت ان العمر والاسر المكونة من اقل من ستة اشخاص من عوامل الخطر . | Background : The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Obesity is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension and ischemic heart diseases, so it is considered a major Public health problem. Objectives : to study the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among Thi - Qar university students. Dietary habit and food consumption pattern are also assessed.Subjects and methods : A cross sectional study started from 1st of April 2016 - 10th of May 2016, A total of 841 students (358 were males and 456 were females) between 18 years and 36 years of age (mean 21.7 ± 2.3years) were selected randomly from 24 colleges of both Thi - Qar and Mazaya private college. A questionnaire was distributed to each participant : Age, gender, family member numbers, monthly family income, level of parent educations, residency, time of sleep per night, types of activity during leisure times, dietary habit and different food items were considered, Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and BMI was calculated and used to assess weight status. The data were analyzed by using SPSS. p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results : The mean BMI was 24.17 ± 4.0 kg/m2; more than half (59.2%) of students were of normal weight (63.8% of male students and 55.2% of female students); whereas the prevalence of overweight and that of obesity among them was 28.3% and 8.1% respectively. The prevalence of obesity was nearly similar for both male and female students, while the prevalence of overweight was more common among female’s students than among males (32 %of females vs. 23.1% of males). The prevalence of underweight was more common among male than female students (5.1 % of male vs. 3.7 % of female). Depending on their waist circumference 3% of male and 18 % of female students were at a higher risk of developing abdominal obesity co morbidities. There was a significant higher prevalence of obesity and mean waist circumference within students of more than 26 years old aged and of less than 6 household family number (p < .05 for both variables).A relatively high proportion (42.7 % for males and 35.8 % for females) spend more than two hours on screen time daily. Females were significantly (p< .05) much less physically active than males. A high proportion of students (male and female) didn’t have a daily intake of breakfast, milk vegetable or fruitConclusion : The prevalence of obesity and overweight were more than the obesity reported among university students in previous local studies in Iraq, however it still lower than obesity and overweight reported among the university students of the neighborhood countries. The study supports the multi factorial etiology of obesity; it demonstrates that age, parent’s education and household number are risk factors. The study also shows high prevalence of sedentary behaviors, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habit among Thi - Qar university students.Recommendation : the study results mandate the need for public health strategies to prevent overweight and obesity and adopt a healthy dietary habit and life style.Key word : Prevalence, Obesity, Overweight, Cross sectional study, Dietary habit, Life style.Abbreviations : WHO, World Health Organization; BMI, body mass index; SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Sciences.

مدى انتشار الامراض غير الانتقالية بين الناس المسنين في مدينة الناصرية 2015 : دراسة مسحية سكانية == Prevalence and patterns of non - communicable diseases among a geriatric population in Al - Nasiriya city 2015

Author name: رحيم نايف ناصر
Supervisor name: علي عبد سعدون الغزي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: دراسة مدى انتشارالامراض المزمنة غير الانتقالية بين الناس المسنين في مدينة الناصرية وتقييم الوضع الصحي العام لهم وتقييم خدمات الرعاية الصحية المقدمة لهذه الفئة من السكان.المواد والاساليب : دراسة مقطعية وصفية وتحليلية من خلال اجراء المسح السكاني للعوائل في بعض الاحياء السكنية. اجريت هذه الدراسة في منطقة حضرية جغرافيا من مدينة الناصرية التي تبعد عن العاصمة بغداد 360 كم جنوبا. تمت الدراسة خلال فترة امتدت اكثر من سنة (من 1 ايلول 2015 الى نهاية شهر تشرين الاول 2016). تم جمع البيانات من عينة تمثيلية من 423 من الاشخاص الذين تتراوح اعمارهم من 60 سنة فما فوق ومن خلال اخذ عينات متعددة المراحل (عنقودية).النتائج : كان معدل انتشار الامراض المزمنة غير الانتقالية بنسبة 89.8% بين الاشخاص المسنين، وفي مقدمتها الحالات الخمسة التالية : ارتفاع ضغط الدم (67%)، مرض السكري (31,2%)، امراض العظام والعضلات (15,4%)، امراض القلب (11,1%)، اعتام عدسة العين (12,8%) وكان انتشار مرضين او اكثر في ان واحد بمعدل 59%.اما اعراض ومشاكل الشيخوخة الرئيسية فكانت : مشاكل في الرؤيا (77,8%), الشعور بالحزن او الاكتئاب (36,4%)، مشاكل السمع (31,7%)، السقوط (30%), مشاكل في الذاكرة (22,9%)، والاعراض البولية (11,1%).اثبتت هذه الدراسة ان معدل انتشار الامراض المزمنة غير الانتقالية في مدينة الناصرية كان مرتفعا ومثيرا للقلق وخاصة امراض القلب والاوعية الدموية التي تحتاج الى الجهود الفعلية والتركيز في مجال الوقاية وكذلك تحسين وتعزيز نظام الرعاية الصحية خاصة في مجال الرعاية الصحية لكبار السن للحد من الاصابة بالامراض المزمنة ومضاعفاتها والاثر السلبي على الحياة والتطور الاقتصادي | More than one year starting from the 1st September 2015 to the end of October 2016, an observational, analytical - cross - sectional study through a household survey was conducted in Al - Nasiriya city to study the prevalence of non - communicable diseases among a geriatric population, other objectives were to describe the symptomatology (geriatric review of system for elderly), subjective general health status of wellbeing, and the accessibility and satisfaction of patients to health care services provided in this segment of the population. A representative sample of 423 individual aged ≥ 60 years through multistage sampling had been included in the study. Special form of questionnaire was planned to collect information, which tested by three experts in the field of community medicine and family medicine for the validity before its use in the collection of data. The diagnosis of cases (the inclusion and exclusion criteria) was clearly depending on the chronic disease card or any available documentations that support the definite diagnosis (medical reports, investigation, or current treatment). In contrast to self - reporting studies, the direct observation from the researcher as an advantage of a cross - sectional household survey study plays an important role in minimizing the information bias during the stage of data collection. In addition, it was based mainly on the doctors - diagnoses conditions and consistent with the definition of chronic diseases A pilot study was conducted on 18 elderly individuals prior to the proper study in order to test the feasibility of the research, time requirement and the cost. The results were discussed with the supervisor for any change or modification needed. All those 18 cases were included in the proper study. For statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)version (23) was used for data analysis including frequencies, percentages, test of significance (Chi - square test, Monte Carlo test, Fisher exact test), correlation and logistic regression analysis. A p - value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. The overall prevalence of at least one chronic NCD was 89.8%. The top five chronic conditions : hypertension (67.8%), diabetes mellitus (31.2%), musculoskeletal diseases (15.4%), heart diseases (11.1%), and cataract (12.8%). The prevalence of multi - morbidity (patient with two or more chronic diseases) was 59%. The main geriatric symptoms were vision related problems (77.8%), feeling sad or depressed (36.4%), hearing problems (31.7%), falls (30%), memory problems (22.9%), and urinary symptoms (11.1%). The main limitations in this study were its performance in an urban area, some cautions must be taken regarding the generalization of the results. Also not all types of chronic disease and geriatric symptoms were discussed in this study, however all the available data in the sample were collected and studied. Nevertheless, further studies are required specially to estimate the prevalence of risk factors, to estimate the cost of care and health, expenditure, quality of health services and geriatric health need. This study will help in establishing the priorities to act on according to the magnitude of the problems and their impact. Also to design the strategies for prevention and control of NCDs. According to the results obtained from this study and the current situation regarding the care of geriatric population in Iraq and specifically in Al - Nasiriya city, the most important and practical recommendation is to activate the geriatric health care at PHCCs or at least in every hospital with a geriatric clinic with well - trained doctors and other heath staff in the field of geriatrics.

الاستدلال عن مستقبلات الاستروجين ، البروجستيرون وعامل النمو البشري لدى مرضى سرطان الثدي في الناصرية2014 - 2015 == Expression of Estrogen, Progesterone and Human epidermal growth factor Receptors in Breast Cancer in Al - Nasiriya 2014 - 2015

Author name: اصيل ضيول حسن
Supervisor name: حميد نعيم موسى
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : سرطان الثدي هو الورم الخبيث الاكثر شيوعا ومشكلة الصحة العامة للسيدات في جميع انحاء العالم وفي العراق. سرطان الثدي هو مرض متغير الخواص للغاية، هناك ثلاث علامات تنبؤيه : مستقبلات الاستروجين، مستقبلات بروجسترون ومستقبلات عامل النمو عندها قيمة تنبؤيه مستقلة. يظهر تعبيرERفي 80 - 90% من المرضى بسرطان الثدي، بينما يظهر تعبيرPRفي 70 - 80 % من الحالات. مستقبلات عامل النمو موجود في 15 - 20% من الحالات. لهذاسرطان الثدي يمثل بشكل افضل بتعبير المستقبل المشترك من التمثيل بمستقبل واحد 0علامات الواسم المناعي - الكيميائي النسيجي (IHC) من مستقبلات هرمون الاستروجين (ER)،مستقبلات هرمون البروجسترون (العلاقات العامة) ومستقبلات عامل النمو (HER2) يمكن تصنيف التعبير الهرموني لسرطان الثدي الى 4 انواع فرعية : النوع الاول ثلاثي موجب مستقبلات الهرمونات(هرمون الاستروجين موجب والعلاقات العامة موجب ومستقبلات عامل النمو موجب)؛النوع الثاني (هرمون الاستروجين موجب والعلاقات العامة موجب ومستقبلات عامل النمو سالب)؛ النوع الثالث ثلاثي سالب مستقبلات الهرمونات (هرمون الاستروجين سالب والعلاقات العامة سالب ومستقبلات عامل النمو سالب)والنوع الرابع (هرمون الاستروجين سالب والعلاقات العامة سالب ومستقبلات عامل النمو موجب).الدراسات السابقة اظهرت ادلة على الفرق الجزيئية التي تكون مسؤولة عن الفرق النتيجة0الهدف من الدراسة : هو تقييم حالة الهرمونات وعلاقتهم بدرجة ومرحلة الورم لحظة تشخيص المرض0المرضى وطريقة العمل : كان نوع الدراسة دراسة مقطعية في محافظة ذي قارفي مدينة الناصرية في مستشفى الحبوبي مركز الاورام ،تضمنت 165 حالة من المرضى الذين شخصت اصابتهم بسرطان الثدي خلال فترة (كانون الثاني 2014 - كانون الاول 2015) تم تجميع معلومات كل مريض وتحليلها : عمر المريض ،الجنس، مكان الاقامة ومعلومات متعلقة بالورم مثل درجة الورم ومرحلة الورم، ومنزلة المستقبلات (ER،PR،her2مستقبلات)0النتائج : العمري الوسطي = 49 ± 11.1. وكانت معظم الحالات 75,2% هرمون البروجسترون موجب بينما هرمون الاستروجين موجب في (72.7٪)،ولكن معظمهم كانواHER2سالب(78.2٪). كان معظم المرضى من الدرجة الثانية (64.2 ٪ ) والمرحلة الثانية (50.3 ٪ )؛كان النوع الفرعي الاكثر شيوعا (ER / PR موجب وher2سالب )والتي تمثل 64.8٪ 0بالنسبة لمقارنة التعبير الهرموني للمرض مع درجة ومرحلة الورم لوحظ ان اعلى درجة الورم (الثاني) (76.93٪) وجدت في النوع الرابع (ER / PRسالب،HER2موجب) وكانت هناك علاقة بين التعبير الهرموني ومرحلة المرض0 الاستنتاجات : سرطان الثدي يمتلك خصوصية مستقبلات هرمونية0الكثير من الحالات توجد في المرحلة الثانية والدرجة الثانية لحظة التشخيص0 التعبير الهرموني السلبي متعلق بمرحلة متقدمة من المرض 0ينبغي توجيه الجهود في توحيد اساليب وتطوير اختبارات اكثر وثوقا لتشخيص المرض بمرحلة مبكرة0

Epidemiology of Acute Childhood and Adolescent Poisoning in Al - Nassiryia Poison Center (2013 - 2015)

Author name: Khashaa Abdulkadhum Jaber
Supervisor name: Raid Kareem Dehiol
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Acute childhood and adolescent poisoning remain one of the important emergencies causing a significant burden to the populations with important morbidity and mortality rates. Epidemiological studies are so important to determine the extent of the problem, according to which the preventive strategies are related. Objectives : This study aimed to determine the epidemiological features of poisoning for the patients less than 19 years old in Thi - qar governorate, involving the main types, clinical presentations, management, outcome, and seasonal variation of poisoning. Methods : A descriptive cross sectional study was involved 340 patients recorded in Al - Nasiriyah poison center from (January 2013 to December 2015), data that collected from the case sheets and records of phone cases. These data was analysed by the statistical package of social science (SPSS) for analysis. Results : Toddler age group seen in 45% of cases with predominance of accidental type, while adolescents (14 - 18yrs.) are mostly intentional with female preponderance, two hundred cases (58.8%) of the exposed patients were male, urban populations are more prone to poisoning 236 cases (69.4%), accidental exposure is the commonest (83.2%), oral route is (99.4%), (62.9%) of the causative agents are pharmaceutical, and (50.7%) are asymptomatic. most of them treated conservatively (96.5%) with survival rate of (97.9%), mortality seen in those presented after the first 24 hrs. of exposure. One third of acute poisoning occurred in summer season.Conclusion : Toddler age group commonly prone to acute poisoning, male are more in accidental pattern, majority of patients were from urban population, one third of the poisoning occur at summer, and there is a strong relationship between time of arrival to the hospital and outcome of the patient

انتشار عوامل الخطر على نمط الحياة بين عينة من مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم في مستشفى الحسين التعليمي خلال سنة 2016 == Prevalence of Life Style Risk Factors among A sample of Hypertensive Patients Attending Al - Hussain Teaching Hospital during 2016

Author name: نورس عبد الله خضير
Supervisor name: مسلم ناهي سعيد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية الدراسة : ان مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم هو من اكثر اسباب الموت المبكر في العالم, وان عدد المصابين بمرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم في تزايد مستمر. ويعتبر ارتفاع ضغط الدم من العوامل الخطرة القابلة للتغيير والمسببة لامراض القلب والاوعية الدموية وكذلك امراض الكلى وغيرها.الهدف من الدراسة : لتقييم انتشار عوامل الخطر على نمط الحياة بين عينة من مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم في مستشفى الحسين التعليمي خلال سنة 2016. طرق العمل : تعتبر هذه الدراسة دراسة تحليلية مقطعية لعدد من المرضى المصابين مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم, يبلغ عددهم 576 مريض ممن يرتادون مستشفى الحسين التعليمي في مدينة الناصرية خلال الفترة من الثاني من كانون الثاني 2016 ولغاية الاخر من ايلول لنفس السنة. ان هذه الدراسة تشمل جميع المرضى الذين تتراوح اعمارهم من 25 سنة فما فوق ومن كلا الجنسين ولديهم تشخيص سابق يثبت اصابتهم بمرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم وتم التشخيص بواسطة الطبيب. اما المرضى الغير مدركين باصابتهم بالمرض فهم غير مشمولين بالدراسة, وكذلك النساء الحوامل المصابين بمرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم خلال الحمل هم ايضا غير مشمولين بهذه الدراسة. لقد تم قياس وتحليل مستوى معرفة وتطبيق طرق تعديل النمط المعيشي لدى المرضى عن طريق استبيان خاص صمم خصيصا لهذه الدراسة. النتائج : اظهر تحليل نتائج البيانات ان عوامل الخطر بين عينة من مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم الذين يحضرون مستشفى الحسين التعليمي كانت على النحو الاتي : 40% لاستهلاك الملح ,34% لاستهلاك الدهون, 70% للتدخين, 80% للخمول وعدم ممارسة الرياضة و70% لزيادة الوزن والبدانة. الاستنتاجات والتوصيات : تبين هذه الدراسة ان كل عامل من عوامل الخطر في نمط الحياة بين عينة من مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم الذين يحضرون مستشفى الحسين التعليمي كان منتشرا للغاية مما يؤدي الى زيادة انتشار ارتفا ضغط الدم. توصي هذه الدراسة بتحسين كل من المعرفة والممارسة لتعديلات نمط الحياة في علاج المرضى. وكذلك يجب اتخاذ التدابير الصحيحة في تشخيص مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم او ما قبل ارتفاع ضغط الدم من قبل الطبيب. | Background : Hypertension is the common cause of premature death in the world and the number of population with hypertension is increasing. It is a preventable risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, aortic dissection, atrial fibrillation, and chronic kidney disease and dementia.Aim of Study : To measure the prevalence of life style risk factors among a sample of hypertensive patients attending AL - Hussain teaching hospital. Subjects and methods : The study was an analytical cross sectional study for 576 hypertensive patients who had attending Al - Hussain teaching hospital in Nasiriya city during the period from the second of January 2016 to the end of September 2016. The study population included all patients aged 25 years and above of both sex with previous diagnosis of hypertension made by medical staff. While the exclusion criteria included those who do not know that they have hypertension, and pregnant women with gestational hypertension. The patient adherence to the individual item of life style modifications was investigated by a special questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study.Results : analysis of data showed that the prevalence of life style risk factors among a sample of hypertensive patients attending AL - Hussain teaching hospital were as the following : 40% for salt consumption, 34% for fat consumption, 70% for smoking,80% for physical inactivity and 70% for overweight and obesity.Conclusions : This study shows that each life style risk factor among a sample of hypertensive patients attending AL - Hussain teaching hospital was of high prevalence which lead to increase the prevalence of hypertension. These results recommend improving both knowledge and practice of life style modifications of patients care. Also correct measures need to be taken from the point of diagnosis of hypertension or pre - hypertension by the doctors or other members of the health care team.

نسبة انتشار اضطراب الكابة بين النساء الحوامل اللواتي يعانين من التقيؤ الحملي الشديد في مستشفيات ذي قار للامومة == Prevalence of depression among pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in Thi - Qar maternity hospitals

Author name: منار نجم عبد
Supervisor name: Alaa Hussein Ali Al Nasir
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Psychiatry
University: University of Thi-Qar
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية : على الصعيد العالمي، يعتبر مرض الاكتئاب السبب الرئيسي الاول للعبيء المرضي بين النساء في سن الانجاب (14 - 45سنة). اما على الصعيد الوطني، فان المعلومات المنشورة حول انتشار الاكتئاب في النساء الحوامل الذين يعانون من التقيؤ الحملي الشديد هي معلومات شحيحة .الاهداف : تم اجراء هذه الدراسة لقياس مدى انتشار الاكتئاب بين النساء الحوامل اللواتي يعانين من التقيؤ الحملي الشديد في مستشفيات ذي قار للامومة.الطرائق : تعتبر هذه الدراسة دراسة مقطعية منفذة في اثنين من المستشفيات التعليمية لمحافظة ذي قار ( مستشفى الحبوبي التعليمي ومستشفى بنت الهدى التعليمي) للفترة ما بين الاول من شهر ايلول 2015 ولغاية الواحد والثلاثون من شهر تموز 2016. جميع النساء الحوامل اللواتي يعانين من التقيؤ الحملي الشديد واللواتي راجعن العيادات الخارجية لاقسام النسائية في هذه المستشفيات , تم تضمينها في هذه الدراسة. تم احتساب العينة البحثية بناء على نسبة انتشار الاكتئاب بين النساء الحوامل في دراسة سابقة في العراق (37.2٪)، وبنسبة دقة انتشار 5% ومستوى ثقة 95%, وبعد اضافة 10% لتغطية استمارات التحري الناقصة والنساء الحوامل الرافضات للاشتراك في هذا البحث, يكون حجم العينة البحثية (322) مشاركة .تم جمع البيانات بواسطة استمارتي استبيان, الاولى النسخة العربية من مقياس بيك للاكتئاب - II والثانية صممت خصيصا لغرض هذه الدراسة. النساء الحوامل المشاركات في البحث واللواتي يجمعن نقاط تقييم استمارة النسخة العربية لمقياس بيك - II اكثر من (20) نقطة, تعتبر المشاركة مصابة بالاكتئاب. النتائج : تبين هذه الدراسة ان معدل انتشار الاكتئاب بين النساء الحوامل اللواتي يعانين من التقيؤ الحملي الشديد في مستشفيات ذي قار للامومة هو 37.1٪. يتاثر هذا المعدل بشكل كبير بزيادة العمر الحملي "Increased gestational age" (P = 0.003)، الوضع الاجتماعي والاقتصادي المرتفع "High socioeconomic status" (P = 0.009)، التاريخ السابق للاصابة بالتقيؤ الحملي"previous history of Hyperemesis gravidarum" (P = 0.03)، الحمل غير المرغوب فيه "Unwanted pregnancy" (P = 0.03)، وزيادة عدد مرات الحمل "Gravidity" (P = 0.03) .الاستنتاجات والتوصيات : ثلث النساء الحوامل اللواتي يعانين من التقيؤ الحملي الشديد في مستشفيات ذي قار للامومة يعانين من الاكتئاب. عليه يوصى باعادة فرض برامج الرعاية الصحية النفسية للنساء الحوامل من خلال خدمات الرعاية الصحية الاولية السابقة للولادة في مستوى الرعاية الصحية الاولية، مع تعزيز اساليب اعادة التاهيل النفسي والاجتماعي التي تستخدم لتاهيل النساء الحوامل المصابات بالاكتئاب | Background : Globally, depression is considered as the first leading cause of disease burden in women at child bearing age (15 - 44year). Nationally, scarce information was published regarding the prevalence of depression in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum.Objectives : This study was carried out to measure the prevalence of depression among pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in Thi - Qar maternity hospitals.Materials and methods : A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in two teaching hospitals (Al Habobi teaching hospital and Bent Al Huda teaching hospital) in Thi - Qar Maternity hospitals from first of Sep/2015 to 31st of Jul/ 2016. All pregnant women who were suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum, and attended the obstetric outpatients in these two hospitals were included in this study. Based on assumed prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women in a previous study in Iraq was (37.2%), so the needed sample size to calculate such prevalence rate with precision of 5%, confidence level of 95%, and added extra sample of 10%, is almost equal to 322. Women data were collected by using Arabic version of Beck depression inventory - II and a specialized questionnaire which was designed for the purpose of the study. Depression was considered when patients have BDI - II score of > 20. Results : This study showed that prevalence rate of depression among pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum was 37.1%. This rate was significantly affected by increased gestational age (P = 0.003), high socioeconomic status (P = 0.009), previous history of hyperemesis (P = 0.03), unwanted pregnancy (P = 0.03), and increased gravidity (P = 0.03).Conclusion : One - third of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in Thi - Qar maternity hospitals had depression. It is recommended to re - inforce mental health care of pregnant women through the antenatal care services at primary health care level, with strengthening the mental and social rehabilitation methods that are used for diagnosed women with depression. Key word : Depression, pregnant, hyperemesis gravidarum, Thi - Qar province

اسرة ال حيدر ودورها الفكري والسياسي حتى عام 1980 == Al Hayder Family And Its Intellectual And Political Role Un Till 1980

Author name: سناء مسلم هليل
Supervisor name: مؤيد شاكر كاظم مخيلف الطائي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The Historical Study of intellectuals and leaders lives represents an important factor in the history of a country in respect with intellectual, social, political and economical aspects. Where Iraq is country of ancient remarkable history, which has a instrumental impact on its people and their roles in creating historical actions. These roles vary in accordance with the locations circumstances. Therefore the historical study aims to shed lights on those characters and the history of their families, which have played role in formulation the events. Of these families is Al - Hayder family. Despite the fact, that there are many studies tackle the history of the families, but there is a big place for more studies.The study is of three chapters, conclusion, appendixes and introduction showing the importance of the study and its contents.The introduction aims to show the religious, social, political, and economical roles of Al - Hayder in Al - Minfifig area, in aiding and servicing its people.The family played drastic role in fighting the Turkish occupation, supporting the tribes battles against the Turkish army. The family had religious role in aiding people and solving the people disputes, particularly on farms and lands. On economical side the family had done its best to meet the people needs in agriculture, education and teaching.The first chapter, The historical rots of Al - Hayder Family, is of two sections. The First section deal with the early beginnings of family, their tribe (ALAJWAD) tribe, their grandfather Al - Withal, who is grandfather of Al - Hayder family, their disputes with Bani Malik tribe, and the last battle, Al - Dilhamia battle, where they moved to Al - Thamryah district in Souk Al - Shyouk.The second section focuses on some member of Al - Hayder family, those of big role in the family history and serving people in religious, political and social field.The second chapter, details “Al - Hayder family and their library and intellectual role”, is of two sections. The first section focuses on the lecture role of the family in Souk Al - Shyoukh city, particularly the famous festival, which was one of Souk al - shyoukh characteristics, and the booklet written to celebrates Shiek Jaffer Hayder and Shiek Mohammed Hasan Hayder.The second section shows and lists the main intellectual participation of Al - Hayder family.The third chapter, Al - Hayder family political role, is of two section. The first section focuses on the family role in Turkey period, particularly the family role in Al - Sheiba battle, the family support to national movement , and the revolution of the 20th, and the family role on monarchy time. While the second section deal with tackles the parliamentary role of the family ; in the foundational Iraqi council and senator council, and the family attitudes toward regional and national issues.So , we can say the Al - Ajwad tribe has special prestige in Iraqi history and its tribes, for it was the tribe that appeared on the events stage and fought the Portuguese penetration in Gulf area, and Bahrain, and its battled with Turkey and British occupation. Moreover, it was one of the Basic center in Almintifg tribe union. The tribe reached its apex under the leadership of Al - wathal, and Al - Hayder family is part of the local history of Almintifg province. Its being related back to the beginning of 18th century in literary, intellectual,economical and political affairs.Also, Al - Hayder family is of many man of pen and intellectual, who participated in literary movement in Souk Alshyoukh city, in particular and in Iraq in General. Where they developed their abilities in Al - Njaf Al - Shraf and teach in southern Iraq cities to plant science and literature. They had founded many religious schools in Almuntifig province and outside it. So in Souk Al - Shyoukh Al - Hayder established their school, founded by Shiek Ali Hayder, to be followed by Baqer Hayder, Jaffer Hayder, then by their grandsons : Mohammed Hasan, Asad Hayder and Sadiq Hayder, Mohammed Hayder, Shaker Hayder, who followed the steps of the founders. By which, souk Alshyoukh had become place attracted poet and educated people, and a place that enable to produce literature and science. Al - Hayder family member had positive attitude in respect with Iraq relation with Arab countries, manifested by Mohammed Hasan Hayder and Mohammed Jawad Hayder attitude toward Palestine issue and on agreement signed by Iraqi government with Arab countries that which service Iraq and cement its relation with its brother Arab countries.
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مملكة الفرنجة : دراسة في تطور الاوضاع الاقتصادية 768م - 814م == Kingdom Of The Franks (A Study In The Development Of Economic Circumstances ) 768 - 814 AD

Author name: علي ابراهيم هادي العبادي
Supervisor name: محمود شاكر حميد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Medieval Intermediate History (476 - 1458 CE) is one of the most important periods of history in general and of European history in particular. The significance of this term is many. This long historical period of the episode constituted a basis for understanding modern European history and a "natural" continuation of ancient history. Thanx The Outsiders of the Secession of the Professor of the Instigation. After the isolation of the Phoenician Emperor Chaldek III Childric III, who ascended the Francophone throne of the year 743 - 751 AD, the last of the Meroving kings, then Pope Stephen II Stephen E. Bibben) In 751 AD to be the king of the Franks and after Babin the short founder of the Carolingian kingdom with the help and blessing of the Church.After the death of Beben al - Qusair in 768 AD he left two sons (Carluman and Charlemagne). The period of 768 - 814 AD is the duration of the joint rule between the brothers. The division of the kingdom of the Franks between the two brothers, after agreeing with the General Council of the people, (Charlemagne) ruled the southern part of the kingdom, which was in particular the short Pippin, while Carollman ruled the northern section of his uncle Carluman, but the rule of the latter did not last long. "He ruled for only three years and died at the age of 771 the disease.We note that despite the external events that the Kingdom was going through between wars and disturbances, but the French economy was not affected by the Andak because the economy in the Kingdom of the Franks of a different nature, as it is a closed economy depends on self - sufficiency, as well as "agriculture, which is the first activity I rely on The French economy, whether it was agriculture in the royal or religious feudalism. The industrial activity also had its role in the French economy, whether in the monastic or royal fiefdoms, and the internal and external commercial activity which had a great impact on the circulation of the French economy. N the Kingdom of the Franks and the rest of the countries that were bound together with the political interests of the Kingdom of the Franks essentially, came business processes to enhance those relationships, as well as "financial systems and currency, which formed the focus of" essential "in the organization of economic policy in the Kingdom of the Franks.The third chapter was entitled "Trade Policy and Financial Systems in the Kingdom of the Franks 768 - 814 CE". The chapter was divided into two sections. The first topic dealt with internal and external trade in the Kingdom of the Franks, 768 - 814 AD. Trade is the most important element of the strength of the African economy. Agriculture, due to the dimensions formed by this policy of In addition to the strengthening of the internal economy of the Kingdom. This topic also dealt with an important type of trade, which is trade with the Jews, as it produced the way the Franks dealt with the Jews in this field and the extent The political wisdom enjoyed by the Kingdom, represented by its leader, Charlemagne, in exploiting the experience and relations enjoyed by Jewish merchants to provide the market needs of goods and supplies of living. In addition to the study of the importance of transport routes in the process of trade within and outside the Kingdom.The second topic focused on financial systems in the Kingdom of the Franks 768 - 814 AD, the monetary policy of the currency exchange in the Kingdom at that time, and the taxes imposed in the Kingdom of the Franks and their types.The researcher encountered many difficulties, including the difficulty of obtaining sources and decrees related to the subject, especially as our offices lack sources related to the history of the Central European Era, as well as the scarcity of specialists in the study of this area, in addition to the subject of the study is part of the policy of the Kingdom of the Franks despite its importance, but at the same time, studies on this subject are very few. In addition to the conclusion at the end of the research it has provided a list of sources and references foreign, Arab and Arabized. As well as "for supplements and allocated by the researcher to highlight some of the decrees issued by Charlemagne during his power in the kingdom of the Franks, which serves as the documentation procedures of the Authority Carolingian put the direction of the economic side at the time. In the annex maps I would point out that some maps on the subject of study Some of which were not colored images, and what was normal and the reason for this was the date of issuance of these maps, as some of us were able to control them through special devices for mapping, and others could not for the reason mentioned above.In conclusion, I hope that I have succeeded in my study of this subject, which formed an important link in the series of procedures followed by the Kingdom of the Franks during the rule of the Carolingian family, and ask God to reconcile and repay and accept the benefit of business, and thank God the Lord of the Worlds
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عبد الله الطريقي ودوره في السياسة النفطية للمملكة العربية السعودية حتى عام 1962 == Abdullah Al - Tariki And His Role In The Petroleum Politics Of Saudi Arabic Kingdom Unitil 1962

Author name: حسين كاظم رحيمة عباس الحسيناوي
Supervisor name: حسام علي محسن المدامغة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The struggle around Oil is considered a battle in its true sense that is revealed by the contradictory results for the progress of Arab economy Arabs has accomplished a limited success with other Oil producers in this battle. However , that amount at success , which was very little , was followed by a counterattack from the opposite side that has taken different types of shapes.Without doubt , many studies and researches have dealt with a variety of political and economic aspects for that vital raw material since it is the most important resource of energy. On the other hand , that vital material is considered a crucial resource for economic development and the progress and prosperous of nations. Even though , there has been no academic study that deals with an efficient persona who represents the difficult equation for those companies and exactly in that battle such as Abdullah Al - Turaiky. He was number one in the fifties and early of sixties , the times which had been referred to as the Golden Age in oil manufacturing.This research consists of an introduction four chapters , and appendixes. Chapter one deals with the earlier stages of Al - Turaigs life , his life , and his project of the division of profits and also his participation in Venezuela National confronting 1951. Chapter Two refers to the role of Turaiky in petroleum company and his presence in the crucial conferences. Chapter Three has concentrated on the role of Al - Turaiky in achieving the great accomplishment that is the foundation of OPEC organization. Chapter fore shows the most important mental productions of Al - Turaiky during his work in the ministry and even after that period. Also , this chapter refers to the seminal articles of Al - Turaiky that were focusing on his thinking that leads to the publication of his book entitled (Arabic petroleum : A weapon in the Battle).In the conclusion there will be summary of the results that were reached to by this study.This study has reached the following conclusions : 1 - Al - Turaiky has diagnosed the bad role of the international petroleum companies apon the export countries and their role in shadowing the facts.2 - Al - Turaiky has realized a very important fact that those companies were practicing a political role by imposing their authority on the Arabic States and their attempts to marginalize the Arabic domination. 3 - All the decisions and recommendations that were reached to in the conferences , where Al - Turaiky was present , were similar in its essence , texts , and decisions made for fulfillment.4 - Al - Turaiky had attempts to deduce the lessons from others experiences and make benefit of them such as the Venezuelan experience of the division of profits and also the Iranian experience of nationalization project. 5 - Al - Turaikys belief in the justice of OPEC through its decisions to achieve the required cooperation between the producers and the consumers so that a fair formula of defining the products and price stability will be reached
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ظاهرة ادعاء النبوة والنسب العلوي واثرها في قيام حركات المعارضة في العصر العباسي حتى نهاية القرن الخامس الهجري == The Phenomenon Of Allegation Prophecy And Alwain Relationship And Its Effect In Appearence The Resistence Movement In Abbasian Erra Untill The End Of Fifth Century Of The Hegira

Author name: افراح رحيم علي الغالبي
Supervisor name: محسن راشد طريم الغزي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The Phenomenon of allegation prophecy is found in most societies. It is built on the basis of distinguished feature that discriminates one person from others and what is brought by this person to refer that he has the evidance to be a prophet. In most Cases , it depends on magic and then it is believed by their societies. This study tries to limit the liars from the beginning of Abasian Erra untill the end of fifth century of the hegira. There are several reasons which help them such as spread of magic. This is the first side.The second pivot is the phenomenon of ALwain relationship and its effect on the societies. In addition to the branching of ALBait relationship. This sophisticates the matter. This relationship has a number of justifications like the social and spirtual ones.This relationship is used by some persons to achieve their aims and benefits. All those phenomena are canceld by verses of Quran and AL Hadith. Without those two things, there will be difficulty to discover them.The importance of this subject leads to study it and there are other reasons. The important one is the social, Political and economical sides. Since those two phenomena are related to each other and to know more about their effects on common people as well as the few number of studies about this subject. All these are reasons behind studying this subject.This study is divided into four Chapters and each one is subdivided in sections and introduction as well as a number of Conclusions. At the end , there is a list of references.The first Chapter is dealt with the Phenomenon of allegation prophecy before the Abasian era. The second Chapter deals with those persons who claim prophecy in Abasian era and their effects on resistance movements. The third Chapter deals with those who claim their ALwain relationship in Abasia era. The last Chapter deals with the main groups which relate with AL Imamh like AL Ismoiliah and AL Fatimiah state in addition to study AL Mehdawia allegation because it is closely related with prophecy and AL Alwain relationship.It comes up with the Conclusion that all those movements which claim prophecy aims to get more suporters to them and cover them with legitimacy to achieve their goals. They threat the Abasian state. The Power of AL Abaseen at the beginning prevent them from appearence. But the inner differences inside AL Abasain state increase those movements to achieve their special goals.
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سياسة ايران الخارجية تجاه الاتحاد السوفيتي وبريطانيا 1965 - 1979 == Iran,s Foregn Policyu To Soviet Union And Britain 1965 - 1979

Author name: علي جاري عليوي الجميعان
Supervisor name: نعيم كريم عجيمي الشويلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The study of Iranian foreign policy towards the countries of the Soviet Union and Britain, "1965 - 1979" of the important topics in contemporary Iranian history, we examined the nature of the foreign decisions Sketha Iran toward Amuqin large, the two political interests, economic and military from a long time ago, where every state has worked to maintain interests by every means available and is available at the stage of the cold war and I knew that Iran had become the most important squares as a result of its strategic location in the East and the West. Iran has worked to exploit the conflict between capitalism and ideas of socialism, I took Iran draws its foreign policy seriousness and warned severe, so as not to fall a political impasse with the European countries in support of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iran also has worked to exploit the historical stage for the construction of military and security institutions of the most advanced weapons in the stage British Soviet conflict, where he became the foreign policy of Iran's prominent role in European circles, especially in the global energy crisis and combat of ideas that do not want the big countries. Despite the successes of Iran's foreign policy in British circles, but she was born an ongoing internal problems as a result of Iran's drive to the outside on the aspirations of the Iranian people account who suffered political persecution under the power of the internal institutions that being the Shah to protect his property and follow - up work parties and internal organizations, arguing pro Alsovia. ontejh Union to employ Iran economic and political capacity for the benefit of its foreign policy was born of political and economic problems, the economic deficit, having dismissed Iran most of their budgets for the construction of the military establishment, was born of Iran's foreign policy, a wave of external criticism and internal, and this criticism prompted the major countries supporting to maintain influence and keep up with these new internal changes. Once the exterior was the Shah's support for the work of all the power of Aslal deteriorating internal situation as well as the face of the security establishment to hit the internal movements of political parties and religious institutions but to no avail, Vtjol support EU to continuous criticism has teamed up external and internal forces to overthrow the rule of Shah Mohammad Pahlavi, and the establishment of the Republic Iranian Islamist, have headed towards a new European countries in February 1979
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زوجات الائمة المعصومين (عليهم السلام) من غير العربيات : دراسة تاريخية == Shia Imams' Non - Arab Wives : A Historical Study

Author name: حياة ناصر حسين عليوي الغزي
Supervisor name: فاضل كاظم صادق العبادي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The reason behind choosing this topic to be the subject matter of this study is to delve into one of Islamic history cases which is shia Imams' marring non - Arab women. This study deserves much focus for its involving many important things of which the reason behind Imams marring non - Arab women is the most important one. The prophet's household Imams are the best representatives of Islamic values of which equality between all human beings and their enjoying rights of marriage to any human being are the most important ones. Marriage is considered the cornerstone of preserving humankind from extinction and maintaining love and stability. In the holy Quran Allah says " And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts) : verily in that are Signs for those who reflect.". The present study falls into three chapters in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. The first chapter tackles marriage in Islam and it involves three sections. The first section is about marriage in pre - Islamic era, concept of marriage, forms of marriage in pre - Islamic era, polygamy, the attitude of Islam towards it, the number of women man can marry and equality between wives. The second section focuses on the purposes of marriages in Islam like saving humankind from extinction, satisfying desires, maintaining social relationship through the cooperation between husband and wife and preventing human from making an illicit relationship. The third section includes the philosophy of marriage to shia Imams, Islam urging it, choosing a spouse depending on piety not fortune or beauty and the interdependence of rights between husband and wife. The second chapters concentrates on non - Arab slaves in Islam and it also comprises three sections. The first section is about the definition of slaves and their sources. The second section is about the prophet and his household treating slaves depending on piety. The third section includes the religious belief of women slaves and the involvement of men and women slaves in Alttaf combat and supporting Imam Hussain. The third chapter is about the reason behind shia Imams marring non - Arab women. It falls into three sections. The first section delves into Imams marring non - Arab women such as Imam Hasan's wives, Imam Hussain's wives, Imam Ali bin Hussain's wives, Imam Sadiq's wife, Imam Kadhim's wives, Imam Ridha's wifves, Imam Jawad's wife, Imam Hadi's wife and Imam Alhasan Alaskary's wife. The second section concentrates on the relationship of Imams to their wives and their wives caring them. The third section focuses in the role of Imams' non - Arab wives in spreading justice and supporting oppressors in addition to rearing their daughters. The present study reveals the prophet's household philosophy of marriage with non - Arabs women and their great role in all cases that are related Imams in addition to their sacrifice for the sake of their husbands
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صحافة لواء الناصرية (1939 - 1969) : دراسة تاريخية == Press Of The Nassiriyah Brigade (1939 - 1969) : Historical Study

Author name: ربيع محمد ناصر حسن
Supervisor name: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
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تاريخ الشرطة في لواء المنتفك 1921 - 1958

Author name: حميدة مكي فرهود وذيح السعيدي
Supervisor name: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
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جورج كليمنصو ونشاطه السياسي في فرنسا 1841 - 1919 == George Clemenceau And His Political Activity In France 1841 - 1919

Author name: حوراء علي حسين الموسوي
Supervisor name: عباس حسين الجابري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: George Clemenceau is one of the influential figures in the course of world events not only in French but also he is one of the most prominent politicians who have impact on the events of the modern and contemporary history which had kept his name and nations name and made his glory among the great people he controlled to a large extent on the formulation of Republic affairs in France and the world. As a result his popularity increased in his country and the world beyond what distinguishes him from the different ideas and principles this shaped his character as a radical republican because he was born in an environment that embraced the concepts of the republic and formed the opposition for all Royal systems. He did not however depend on the legacy of his family ; he depended on himself and imposed himself firmly on the political area through his views and political speeches in the parliament and outside. Therefore his enemies feared him while the politicians of the world respected him , he defended his country wherever the man of the street in France because he led his country in the years of the first world war until the opponent politicians realized that he is the best ruler of the country through the war , since he does not believe in the surrender because he believes that the settlement must be from a position of strength until achieving the complete victory. In addition to the political geniuses he was a military man from the first class and this permanent motto is (the war is not easy and cannot be left the military commanders) , he ruled France by the power and he achieved the victory to his country and became the national hero and then he reached to the climax of his political life. In spite of all what has been mentioned the Reed and Iraqi academic studies did not mention him in detail hence the importance of the study to the character and the year 1841 namely is the starting of the study because this year is the year of Georges Clemenceau's birth 1841 and the year 1919 considered the end of the study for this year is his retirement from politics generally. The study consists of four chapters introduction , and a conclusion. The Chapter one involved his life and political activity (1841 - 1874). His life , his family , and his teaching. The Chapter two involved his parliamentary activity from (1875 - 1902) and his entry to the parliament to represent the opposition and the retirement from politics. Chapter three involved his political and administrative activities from (1909 - 1914). While chapter four Presented and his role in the first world war and his receiving the ministry during the difficult conditions of the country. And his role in Versailles conference (1919). The study found the following results. The environment in which a significant role in the refinement of his republic personality and grew up making political future of the family is known for its opposition to the royal , the ancestors of the top republicans who have embraced the principles of the French revolution since its inception and one of the most aggrieved at the catholic which is based on the imperial system and depending on the prevailing conditions and the policy of arbitrary the Napoleon III , So it seemed to gravitate toward political work since the early stage. In the Mean while the war clouds began over France , and he felt it. He welcomed the war and wished the defeat to his enemies and the regime that he hated since his child hood in order to starting new regime ruled France through controlling the republican elements. He was surprised by the emergence of two trends , each claimed adherence to the principles of the free republic that the moderate movement won. And the initially espoused against the other party extremist but eventually became one of the strongest opponents of the policy of colonial and religious trends until he was expelled from power and took after them the radical republicans the regime. Because of him , the radical republicans established to year 1940 after the fall by Germans. He was with very interested in social problems from that is was suffering the society. He was a supporter of labor strikes and improved the conditions of the working classes, the elimination of poverty and he appeared as advocate social reform. But the relation stressed between them during took over the ministry of interior against strikes in the estranged and began machinations against him. And they objected to took over the prime minister again , He united the military leader ship of allied armies in the war and then achieved the victory against the German who threatened on the democracy principles.
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اوضاع المانيا الاقتصادية (1919 - 1933) == Economy Situation Of Germany 1919 - 1933

Author name: احلام ناجي مجيد
Supervisor name: احمد صبري شاكر الخيقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Germany suffered after the end of the First World War 1914 - 1918 of the deterioration of its economy due to the damage hit for the duration of the war and claims accord with states to pay damages as a result of damage caused by her after the campaign the consequences of that war , and was therefore its impact on the decline German Economy and degradation and instability , has I tried the message entitled (the economic situation of Germany from 1919 to 1933) to focus on the nature of the economic situation in the mentioned period, and stand on its own merits and internal and external influences that have affected them. The letter included an introduction and four chapters , the first chapter , entitled (the economic situation in Germany until the year 1919). totar German unity on the development of the German economy in all agricultural , industrial and commercial sectors in Madh 1871 - 1914 , as Germany continued colonial attitudes and their effect on the growth of its economy 1884 - 1914az the economic factor important driver toward the first World war (1914 - 1918) , which negatively affected the economy throughout the duration. And discuss the second chapter , entitled (deterioration of the German economy from 1919 to 1924) , a reflection of the war on its economy , revealing the impact of the Treaty of Versailles , as this treaty robbed Germany of what has been achieved since the spoils of unity. The continued separation nature of the financial situation and monetary policy in the period 1919 - 1923 , the impact of the issue of compensation on the German economy , and what came from international pressure after not being able to repay the compensation. He dedicated the third chapter (the recovery of the German economy from 1924 to 1929) to discuss the factors that helped Germany restore the economic capacity and continued Chapter monetary policy of reform and its impact on improved financial conditions , also touched on the role of foreign loans in the recovery of the German economy (1924 - 1929) and to prevent its collapse entirely to provide US United American Daoz project to consolidate its influence inwardly and to save its investments in Germany and the preservation of its interests in this country. It focused Chapter IV , entitled (the global economic crisis and its effects on the German economy from 1929 to 1933) to discuss the causes of the global economic crisis , and its impact on all sectors in Germany and ascend the Nazi power taking advantage of the situation because of its ambitious program put forward to solve the economic crisis in Germany. The study found a number of the most important results that the German economy had declined in the time that World War followed the first by internal and external factors and affected all sectors because of that , as it turns out that the Compensation weighed heavily on cash their positions, especially after the French occupied the Alrhor area in 1923 which is the most important industrial and commercial center has caused the collapse of the economy in Germany, and the occurrence of inflation was accompanied by a cash crisis and have found through research that foreign loans had a payoff affirmative because she saved the German economy from the situation prevailing inflation and brought about economic recovery in the period 1924 - 1929 , but those loans reflected on the long - term negative impact on the German economy , which has been associated with doing what foreign - effects that the economic crisis occurred in October 1929 , even Germany were more European countries affected by them
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المـؤسـسة العـسـكريـة اللبنانية وتطور دورها السياسي 1945 - 1976 == The Labanese Military Institution And The Development Of Its Political Role 1945 - 1976

Author name: قاسم جباري لطيف المرشدي
Supervisor name: صالح جعيول جويعد السراي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This dissertation entitled “The Lebanese Military Establishment and the Evolution of Its Political Role : 1945 - 1976” presents a study towards the emergence of military establishment and its evolutionary stages through which it went. It also demonstrates the power of military institution and the extent of its impact on the Lebanese political affairs, its stance towardspolitical development andevents on the Lebanese scene. Additionally, it demonstrates the military's position towards the Arab issues. Besides, this study touches on the army's position on the Civil War 1975 - 1976, and the impact of that war on disintegration and splitting of the army.As for the reason why we chose solely this topic, it is that there has been small number of those who have written on the topic, whether academics or authors, ie, the topic has not been investigated academically in a comprehensive and full study. It is also due to our desire to stand on the nature of the work of this institution that have shown a positive role in addressing most of political issues and events that took place in Lebanon during the period in question.The study began in 1945 as it represents the birth of Labanese military establishment afterLabanese Army units have moved from the powers of the French occupation to the authority of the Lebanese state with effect from the 1st of August 1945. This birth has formed a crucial stage of its kind in the history of this national institution.The year 1976 marked the end of the period in questionbecause that yearwitnessed the collapse of the Lebanese military in the wake of the outbreak of Civil War during which the army ended up with a state of disintegration and collapsein a way which seems to echo the rupture situation of the Labanese society after its officers and soldiers were involved in sectarian fighting.The nature of the study necessitated dividing it into an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion which contained the most important conclusions to which the study has reached. Chapter Onenecessitated studying the emergence and development of the Lebanese military institution 1916 - 1944. Although this chapter has come to clear the way for the study, it remains necessary for it highlighted the very beginning of the emergence of the Lebanese military formations under the French occupation. This chapter has been divided into into five Sections. Section I trackeddown the initial features of the Lebanese military formations under the French occupation. Section II dealt with the East Special forcesthat represented a new organization created by the French authorities. Section III was devoted to the study of the French - Lebanese treatyin 1936 and its impact on the military side. Section IVillustrated the implications and impact of the World War II on the Lebanese military formations, while Section Vdelved into the 1943 crisis and its impact on the formation of Bchamoungovernment and the National Guard teams.As for Chapter Two, it came up with a title, “The Lebanese Army and Its Role In Lebanese politics paths 1945 - 1952.” This chapter is one of the important chapters for it represents the formation phase of the military establishment and the beginning of a new phase towards building a national army. This chapter has been identified with four sections. Section Idealt with the French - Lebanese negotiations to hand over the army and bring withdrawal. Section II worked through the efforts of the Lebanese government to develop and maximize the armycapabilities, whileSection III highlighted the role of the Lebanese army in the 1984 Palestine War. Section IVdemonstrated the army position on the armed insurrection of the Nationalist Party of Syria 1949.Chapter Three traced down the Lebanese army position on the political developments during the period 1952 - 1958, a period that had proved the reliability and capability of the Lebanese army. The chapter has been divided into four sections. Section I dealt with the army's position the 1952 uprising, and how itremained neutral and preserved the public institutions of the state. Section II explained the disagreements between the army commander FouadShihab and President Camille Shamoun, and the reflection of this disagreement over the military institution. Section III focused on the army's position on the popular uprising in 1058, and how the army has managed to face its repercussions. Section IVfollowed up to trace down thesubsequent developments the uprising that led to US military intervention and the reactions of the Lebanese army.As for Chapter Four, it highlighted the emergence and growth of the Lebanese army and its explicit involvement in the various joints of the Labanese political life 1958 - 1971. In this chapter, we reviewed the most important developments witnessed by the military after the army commander (FouadShihab) assumed the the Republic presidency, and his reform efforts to modernize the military institution. Wecovered all this in Section I. As for Section II, it was a follow - op on the army's position on the military coup of the Nationalist Party of Syria in 1961. Section III focused on the emergence and growing role of the second office following the attempted coup and the army involvement in various joints of the Lebanese political life. In Section IV, we shed lights on the Shihabites’ failure in the 1970 elections of the Lebanese presidency, the arrival of Suleiman Franjieh to the presidency, and how the latter caused to dismantle the Second Office’s equipment and arrested and brought to trials senior military officers and leaders and the impact of all this on the reputation of the Lebanese militaryinstitution.Chapter Vbrought an end to this study by investigating the disintegration and collapse of the Lebanese military institution 1972 - 1976, which took place as a result of a host of factors, at the forefront of these factors was the Palestinian resistance and its non - compliance with the concluded agreements, a matter that weakened the military and contributed to the growth of armedmilitias. We made this clear in Section I. Section II was devoted to give a picture of the Lebanese army position on the events of the October war 1973. Section III tracked the position of the Lebanese army on theCivil War 1975 - 1976, and the corresponding calls to take the army to the streets and the charges that the army took sides with one component of the Lebanese people against another. Section IV highlightedthe disintegration and splitting of the army and the joining of its officers and soldiers for the fighting militias as they own weapons and equipment, each according to his loyalty and sectarian affiliation.The study reached a set of conclusions. Among them are that the Lebanese military establishment was keen since the beginning of its inception to adhere to the policies pursued by the political leaders, and has also taken a defending position for Arab issues including the Palestinian issue. It also took a neutral stance on internal issues and conflicts of which theuprisings of 1952 and 1958 was an example. Besides, the Lebanese army was not a coup - wired army nor did his leaders believe in the phenomenon of military coups; however,the coup attempt in 1961 has increased its intervention in politics. A series of events contributed to the undermining of the military status. Among those were the failure of the Shihabites in the presidential elections and the arrival of Suleiman Franjieh to the office who took down the Second Office and expulsedarmy senior officers and appointed instead new leaders on the basis of loyalties and sectarian lines. This led to the politicization of the army and undermining of its status. Besides, the existence of the Palestinian resistance and its lack of commitment to the agreements concluded with the Lebanese authorities led to the growth of armed militias that operate outside the authority of the state, a matter which led to the outbreak of the civil war that led in turn to the disintegration and splitting of the army. But nonetheless, the military establishment remainsa unifying factor for the Lebanese people with itsvarious denominations and sects. When it operates, it does so from within thisperspective, as an expression of one will and as a national demand.
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الفكر السياسي الشيعي في العراق (1918 - 1970) == The Political Shia Thought In Iraq ( 1918 - 1970 )

Author name: اركان مهدي عبد الله السعيدي
Supervisor name: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The Political Shia Thought in Iraq is the most important phase of the human Islamic thought. It relies , within its understanding to the political events and phenomenon and how to deal with them, on a principled system and judicial , ideological basis which are characterized by its origins and branches above the other Islamic views besides the secular ones. The paper is specialized to discuss the political Shia though in Iraq( 1918 - 1970 ).The signification of this study comes from some considerations; the most important one is to make the acquaintance of this thought's nature as a part of civilization path that has supported the humanity with the most important Islamic religious experience as well as the importance of the patriotic role of this thought in the history of modern and contemporary Iraq. Since 1918 the thought has revealed its political view to determine the kind of the Iraqi State with all events happened until 1970 ( the date of the study's end ).The Shia thought has reached to the highest level of the ideological development when it stood up with the theory of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist ( Willayat al - Faqih ) that Assayid Khomeini believed in the widest sense. Then Assayid Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadr perused the same theory. The importance of this theory comes from being the juridical introduction with the political authorities which is needed by Islamic jurist ( faqih ) to establish the Islamic stat.Moreover the death of AssayidMohsin Al - Hakeem was an end of a stage in which the political Shia thought restarted along the period of his authority ( Marjia ' ). The paper has been divided into four main chapters according to the time order of events' promoting. The first chapter is related to studying the political Shia thought from the rooting stage to the emergence one ( crystallization ) in Iraq. We deal with the thought ideologically and in a juridical way. We also show the characteristics of the political Shia thought , its political structure , the most important theories and the emergence of the Shia thought politically in Iraq ( 1906 - 1918 ). The second chapter discusses the political Shia thought and the political regime in Iraq( 1918 - 1934 ). In this phase , the Shia thought had a role to give a political view about determining the kind of Iraqi state and setting it up as well as its opposed political role against the British occupation. Meanwhile , the Shia thought faced a political remoteness after it had been fought politically through some plans in a sectarian way against the Shia identity. The third chapter has been devoted to demonstrate the means of Shia thought in the political mobilization ( 1935 - 1959 ) which is represented with the ideological an the political Shia activity , trying to dispossess the rights through paying attention to the educational and cultural fields , developing the qualifications , making use of the political dimensions of the Husseini rites and exploiting them politically. In addition to practicing the regulative Islamic working to spread the Islamic thought among the nation. The fourth and last chapter has been destined for studying the development of the political Shia thought in Iraq in the light of its thinkers (1960 - 1970 ). This chapter is concerned with the changing plan by Assayid Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadr including his scientific conclusions. The chapter also discusses the reformation - religious destination in the frame of the political Iraqi reality and reformation of the political reality in the view of AssayidMuhsin Al - Hakeem as well as his stand towards the encompassed Ba'athiregime. Finally this chapter includes the deduction of the political Shia though by presenting the theory of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist ( Willayat Al - Faqih ) and the conversion that has been made in the tendencies of the Islamic thought by this theory. The historical data in this paper has depended on a set of sources with a variety topics with different interests.The published and unpublished foreign and Arab documents take the first place in addition to the scientific books , newspapers and magazines. Lastly , we can say this paper is a modest step in the path of the academic research. The researcher hopes it will be a serious attempt to shade a light at an important phase of the history of the political Shia thought in Iraq.
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الصراع البعثي - الشيوعي في العراق 1947 - 1968 == The Ba'Athist - Communist Conflict In Iraq 1947 - 1968

Author name: مناف جاسب محمدعلي الخزاعي
Supervisor name: مؤيد شاكر كاظم مخيلف الطائي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Iraq has witnessed through its modern and contemporary history the appearance of a lot of ideological and intellectual movements that were different and contradictory political parties, in their bid to gain power, authority and make political achievements , a collision and conflict emerged in trends ,ideas and goalsbetween those parties, the communist and the Arab Baath socialist.They are so contradictive ideologically with each other. Ones feels that the Arab Baath party foundation was the result of the existence of the Communist party and its ideas.This conflict was reflected on the political attitude in the Iraqi field and leads to a mass chaos and sever conflict which affected negatively the economic, social and political lives of the Iraqis.The statue of collision and conflict of both parties varies from time to another according to the weakness and strength state of the party.It started as a conflict in visions,Concepts and orientations then developed to political exclusions in most of times ,the conflict in all its forms was continues till 1968 when the Arab Baath party conquered the authority in Iraq and started to exclude and marginalization of all parties and political movements in Iraq.From this corner point came the importance of the subject that used to follow the conflict state between the two parties throughout the period of the study mentioned.We considered the period between ( 1947 - 1968 ) as the time limits.1947 represented the foundation of the Arab Baath socialist party when it was officially established on the 7th April 1947.While the 1968 represented the time of the Arab Baath controlling of all the authorities and power in Iraq then starting to cancel any role to the communist part on the Iraqi field as a real competitive partner,not only that but make it as a follower to him.During that period ,the two parties witnessed a noticeable ideological activity and a great expansion on their followers and supporting public and professional organizations.In addition to the multiplicity of their positions of internal economic, social and political issues.This study consists of a preface, five chapters and a conclusion and a set of appendices in addition to this introduction, which aimed to clarify the importance of the thesis material and identify the most important implications.In the Introduction, where we dealt with the beginning of the formation of ideas of both parties and the beginning of their establishment public principles.The first Chapter dealt with the intellectual contradictions between the two parties where we declared the intellectual differences between them within several aspects included internationalism , nationalism ,democracy , the Central public democracy , religion , scientific socialism , Arabic Socialism,Federal Union , immediate unity , the revolution , coup ,the situation concerning minorities and the rights of self - determination.The second chapter highlighted the theme of the relationship between the two parties against the internal political events for the period between 1947 - 1958 and included December prance 1948 ,the uprising in November 1952 , the United Popular Front in 1954 , the uprising of 1956 , the National Front Union in 1957 and wedeclared it clear that the attempt of each party's respective outcropping on the other party's account and try to prove their presence and their role in the events which led to compete and hostility between them.Chapter III wasdevoted to declare the case of conflict between the two parties in the field of interior politics ( July 14, 1958 - 8 in February 1963) which included the Arab unity and its impact on the conflict between them,the movements of Rashid Ali , Abdul WahabAl - Shawwaf and their impact on the relationship between the two parties as well as the assassination of Abdul Karim Qasim and its reflections on trying The relationship between them. This period had stormyevents in which conflict was very clear and reflected on all aspects of life causing total chaos and political confusion.Chapter IV devoted to declarethe case of conflict between the two parties on the leadership of the public professional and trade, labor union organizations and the competition work in different fronts.In addition the difference in their positions in dealing with the Kurdish issue to find the best solution.In chapter V the conflict had reached its climax point during the period (8 Feb.1963 - 17 July 1968 ) precisely in section one which lasted until 18 October 1963 when the first reign of Baath ruling had removed. During this period the shape of conflict characterized in various types; The elimination of political opponents, torture, arrest and severely treat political opponents. Then the conflict had shifted into sever ideological political differences at the end of Abdul - Salam Arif reign on 13th of April 1963.After that it changed into a difference in their visions and ways of solving the domestic problems.While the conclusion implemented the most important scientific results in accordance with their contents.We sought through supplements of this study to the publication of documents and important data to both parties with a difference because the Baath Party documents had been published in the book : "The struggle of the Baath documentary"This thesis depended on published and unpublished documentsAnd the literature of their members and diaries of followers who lived through the events and they were a center of the political decision at the time , the message and university thesis, which dealt with the march of the two parties and their activities and some English books, Arabic books, translated in addition to researches and published studies, newspapers, magazines and personal interviews with the Baathists and communists who had informed on events in that period.The study reached a number of conclusions which were represented that the establishment of the two parties was not derived out of total conviction is in their principles and methods but the foundation of the communist party came as the foundation of some Arab communist parties in Egypt and Algeria ,its ideology was not originally related to the people's needs and does not meet their political ,economic and social conditions. It was just an imported theory from the Soviet Union without any attention to the differences between both societies. On the other side ,the foundation of the Arab Baath socialist party came as a re - action on the foundation of the Communist party. Also its principles and views Was not taken from the Arabic society but was a combination of a scattered ideas from all over the world ;French socialism ,German Nationalism , some of the Islamic tradition and a lot of Marxism thoughts. They are a mixture of not harmonized thoughts.We have proved the ideological conflict between the two parties which taken some contradictive decisions and showed that the Baath party has no obvious ideology but just to oppose the communist party although on the surface they seem to meet ideologically in dealing with some of the interior problems during the period 1974 - 1958 but the differences sooner began to appear after each event in deciding the slogans the demonstrators should pear and the role of each party in controlling the street. Both of them assumed to control the streetand this leads to the enlargement of the difference between them characterized in the speeches. As a result the conflict became stronger.During the period1958 - 1963 the conflict decreased and shifted into coups and conspiracies.The Baath was the generator of these events aiming to get rid of the communist party to control the country and ruling it, Baath realized the only way to defeat the communist party was through assassinatingAbdul Kareem Kasim.This plan was targeted towards the communist party and that what was happened on the 8th of Feb. 1963.Concerning the working on various fronts ,both parties was not truthful in his preaches but they would like to increase their followers and to capture the authority and power at the same time to destroy all the political opponents.Their invitations to solve the Kurdish issue were not stable and fundamental they vary according to the strength and weakness of each party during the period he passed through. Conflict increased and characterized in different types after 8th Feb 1963 the Baath After the successful coup and began to rule Iraq.The first thing Baath started with is to get rid of all his political opponents from the communist party severely. That was not stopped at preventing communist ideology from being spread but included the assassinations of communist members and arresting some of them ,torturing them and denies them. The conflictviolence released after the end of Baath ruling on the 18th November 1963 and changed into a differences in visions and concepts concerning internal political situations and this was continues until the return of the Baath to the ruling of Iraq on the 17th of July 1968.
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الرقابة الادارية منذ تاسيس الدولة الاسلامية حتى خلافة الامام الحسن عليه السلام 1 - 41هـ / 622 - 661م == Administrative Control Since The Establishment Of The Islamic State Until The Succession Of Imam Hassan (PBUH) (1 - 41 AH/6 22 - 661 AD )

Author name: خالد شاكر كاظم الشمري
Supervisor name: حسن علي الشرهاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The administrative control in the era of early Islam is one of the most important topics because it relates to the goals that the tolerant law(shari'a) of Islam which came out to apply. Additionally, it is also concerning with the realizing of those goals in order to change and reform the personality of Muslim. Absolutely, the administrative control derives its principles and components from the Qur'an and Sunnah. So that, it includes the implementation of Islamic teachings in the oversight of State administration and the device of the administrative reform. And therefore, Islam prepares the human to the life and the afterlife.Accordingly, the study discusses this subject within three chapters in addition to preface, introduction and conclusions, as well. So, the preface concerns with the meaning of control linguistically and terminologically, its implications in Quran, the concept of control within the modern administration, and the forms of control in the Islamic curriculum. The first chapter relates to "the preventive control", the criteria of the selection of the employee. Moreover, this chapter is divided into three sections : firstly, it is devoted to present the standards of the selection of the employees that the Prophet Mohammad(PBUH)and the Caliph Abu Bakr based on. Secondly, it discusses those criteria according to the Caliphs Omar's and Uthman's (GBT)standards. And then, the third section presents them in relation to Imams Ali's and al - Hassan's (PBUT)standards.Consequently, the second chapter exposes "the directive control" of the directives and instructions which are issued to the employees. This chapter is also of three sections where the first section presents the guidance before starting the work. The second one concerns with the guidance of the letters of the employment's orders. Whereas, the third one deals with the specialized guidance to the staff during work.The third chapter is set to study "the curative control", procedures, the demonstrative methods to get rid of the corruption and demonstrative deviation. Relatively, those issues are presented within two sections : the first one deals with the precautionary procedures which are adopted in the Islamic demonstrative control. However, those topics are also exposed within two subdivisions : the first one titled, ''the curative procedures'' while the second one discusses the rights and privileges of the employees. Correspondingly, the procedures of the deterrent punishment are discussed in the second section of this chapter.
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الدولـة السعديــة فـي عهــد الخليفـــة احمـد المنصور الذهبي (986 - 1012هـ / 1578 - 1603م) == Al Saadyh Country In Era Of Golden Al - Mansur ( 986 - 1012AH /1578 - 1603AD )

Author name: ايناس كاظم حسين الموسوي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد نتيش الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The Study deals the Subject of Alsaadyh Country in era of golden Almansur Alcording to alarge importance Which Farest Almagrab imter - ested in. In the era of educational , economical and political This Stud con cerns in appear of developments which took place by Al - mansur of Alsaadyh country This study devided in to four chapters in addition to the in troduction and Conclusion. The chaper one means historical Idea about Al - saadyh Country before Al - mansur and identify the state of Al - saadyh since it,s beginning till the coming of Almansour in order to enable the reader to have know ledye about this state. Chapter two deals with the personal life of Almansour and his ability to finish inner Conflicts against him and also with the organiz - utions of the state such as adminsration and political organizion and explains the importanle of such charying in his state. chapter Three deals with the foreign offuirs of Al sadyah states It explains the policy of Almunsour towards the political powers in his time and the reslt of such relation about his state , It also explains the aclmin strution of Almunsour to this relation ships which are built on the basis of economical benefits. Chapter Four deals with socenomical , educational and building conditions of this state ,It explains the nature of the society in Almunsour,s era and how the economical conditions in his time , It also explains the ability of AlMansour to support the economy in different sides , It Clarifies the development of education and sciences in his Ftateand the role of books and libraries in this development. In the building suchas AlBadea palace , This study shows that AlMansour plays an important role in the changes in his state in all its sides and also shows how AlMansour study againpt Ottoman state which sees it secf the ruler of Muslims but AlMansour sees that he has due to rule the Muslims.
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الاحوال السياسية والعلمية في مدينة البيرة 92 - 403هـ/710 - 1012م == Scientific Movement In The City Of Al - Bireh From Conquest To Do Granada 92 - 403Hij /710 - 1012A.D

Author name: فاطمة علي حسين عجيل العبودي
Supervisor name: جنان جودة جابر العنزي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: In 7 11 AD the Muslims made control to Liberian Peninsula and their rule lasted to more than eight centuries. Then Muslims named these areas they occupied as ‘Al - Andalus and through their control it gained very clarified development in various kinds of domains even now stillits marks and tracks been clearly.Despite the Muslim presence did obtain an attention by scholars in Arab and Iraqi universities, which stated on at the last years of ninety - nine century AD, it produces studies focused light upon all its various corners politically, socially, economically and intellectually. These studies really have great importance, but yet during its long history, there are subjects in it which do need more investigation and search. For an example, the subjects which are related to its intellectual movement in Al - Andalus cities during the Islamic presence. It did likely obtain a great importance because it revealed the civilized contents of the presence at this area. It did through various periods of conquering and imaret and Caliphate and al - Tawaeef states and al Murabeteen and al - Muwhedeen and finally Cordoba kingdom.Al - Andalus did reach its upper level of development amazingly at the imaret and Caliphate times in all domains. It witnessed a society surge across the whole country of the borders. and Cordoba then became as alighted center intellectually which attracted scientists and learners of Al - Andalus in and outside.That does not be limited to its capital but let other cities be as an active scientific centers at various kinds of knwolege of science. Liberia city was one of the centers which we have been chosen to be the subject of our study supported with the following intents : 1 - The lack of academic study which sheds some light upon the intellectual movement in this city at the Iraqi universities or outside Iraq according to our question about the subject and our humble research.2 - this study aims to be additional part to studies which dealt with the intellectual movement in Al - Andalus cities at the level of master theses and doctorate dissertations or at the level of researches.3 - this study do intend to add a novel clue to what a lot of scholars in north and west really described the Islamic civilization as the greatest civilization ever known in the whole world.In this study we have reached to some results which may be summarized as following : 1 - Liberia scientists in the scientific life is really considered as a small part of the great scientific surge taken place in Al - Andalus during the study period of their scientists who participated of it. It happened with the other Andalusia city scientist who provided knowledge with the results still stands until nowadays of various kinds of composed writings.2 - Liberian scientists did obtain rather a high position amid the scientific societies with their scientists’ titles obtained by efforts in getting knowledge.therefore, there were sheiks, narration and jurisprudence masters according to historical resources description about them.3 - After the scientific journey of Liberia scientists to the east and west cities of the Islamic, some of them wanted to depart Liberia and remain in CordobaAl - Andalus the great city where science and scientists met. while part of them did prefer to stay at Liberia ad became a light center to their cities students by their knowledge.4 - Through the scientists’ bibliography who lived at Liberia city, it appeared that some of them has no Liberia roots. These scientists belong to other Andalusia cites, and their families immigrate to Liberia city and located there, having an important role later in distributing the scientific movement of the city through their efforts for the city people.
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الاذان والمؤذن في الاسلام (1 هــ ــ 11هــ) : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: علي محسن ثجيل الصافي
Supervisor name: رائد حمود عبد الحسين الحصونة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
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اثر الاراميين السريان في العراق وبلاد الشام قبل الاسلام == The Impact Of The Syriac Arameans In Iraq And Thebida Alsham Before Islam

Author name: حميد صبحي عبد محمد
Supervisor name: رنا طعيمة الصافي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The researcher indicated to, in his tagged study" The Impact of Syriac Arameans in Iraq and the Levant before Islam " , many valuable historical topics which are dealt with the impact that Arameans left in various fields. The first chapter included : The historical roots of Syriac Arameans in the Arabian Peninsula where the researcher indicated to the origin of Syriac Arameans, their migrations to Iraq and the Levant, so their language and its subdivisions. So this chapter included a study for their naming , their first home and the most important branches of them which included Syriacs , Nabati and Sabean Mandaeans.The second chapter dealt with a study of the most important cities and kingdoms of Arameans in Iraq and the Levant which they are : Missan Kingdom and its appearance on the political scene and commercial activity In that period , Hatra city and its location and the origin of its naming , the Ancient city of Palmyra and its location , Al Raha city and its naming and the most important churches in it , Al Hira city, elements of its population and the propagation of Christianity in it.So the researcher indicated to Nusaybin city and its important location on the road of the commercial convoys.The third and last chapter dealt with the scientific life of Syriac Arameans And their impact in Iraq and the Levant and dealt with the most important Syriac monasteries , Syriac scientists and their contributions to the scientific life , the most important schools and the impact of their knowledges and sciences to the Arabs. This conclusion also included the important results which the researcher has got from this study.
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التاريخ السياسي للدولة الاموية من خلال كتاب الفتوح لابن اعثم الكوفي : دراسة تاريخية == The Political History Of Umayyad State Through Kitab Al - Fotouh By Ibn Athim Al - Kufi History Study

Author name: علي عبد الله مفتن الركابي
Supervisor name: فاضل كاظم صادق العبادي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Acquired the book Fotouh Ibn Asaem Kufi a wide area in the historical studies of this book is of great importance in the transfer news on the one hand and analysis on the other hand , to be historical article of compared to what was brought by other historians , his contemporaries and even his predecessors , or they came after him. In addition , the book Fotouh DAI great prestige to the diversity of historical its information and shedding light on some of the corners that overlooked other , which represents an important episode of Islamic history at the time one of the most periods of the sensitivity of a period of Umayyad rule that had occupied and still occupy historical thought because of the variables large and turns on the political and economic levels , in addition to being representing the height of the conflict between the ends of the political equation , which was born after the death of the prophet and still growing to this day , Valomoin did not distract them during the period of their rule only fend off the upper danger of Bahl hose and sometimes Batballm at other times , and even though this risk does not rise to the level of the Umayyad apprehensive , but they were always put him among the political priorities.This study was to trace the history of political Umayyad through this important book , an attempt to bridge the gaps in the rest of the contemporary sources on the hand and on the other hand to create a more idea of the one universality of the history of the Umayyad through this workbook that DAI interest all Islamic sects for the objectivity and balance rarely find them when another historian of historians of the fourth century AH Although some are trying to classify Ibn Aasem within the shia historians , but this author is still appreciated in historical circles that from the historical article a good not within the broad spectrum of historians in different affiliations. The importance of this study is also being addressed at length and most of the issues faced by the Umayyad to from a comprehensive view of this period through to tracking analytical approach based on the a comparative approach.Characterized approach of this kind of privacy in response to events , where not only did the Ibn of Aasem pass on novels and either stop at each novel and try as much as possible to make it plain meaning before leaving for a second novel.Despite the extreme disparity between the date of Tabari and history of Ibn Aasem Kufi at the target and the nature of historical writing style , the adoption of Ibn Aasem to tell Dab Mkhanv a large extent in the news the movement of Imam Hussein and the movement of those repent and movement chosen near the notch between them , and that did not obscure the big differences referred to them also. Ibn Aasem historian does not mean the novel but cites historical narrative news normatively market , and tends to revenue verses and texts of speeches and wills in abundance , and all this gave the book a vital private. Even as the Ibn Aasem singled distinctive material from Imam Hussein , the movement is almost the best of his contemporaries wrote about among historians , it was divided in to themes minutes earned recipe analytical distinctive. As the book Fotouh is one of the most important sources for the chosen Obaid bin obead Althagafi revolution , it sheds light on the controversial issue so much , is the nature of the relationship between Abdullan bin Zubair and Mukhtar bin Abi Obead Althagafi. It should be noted the book Fotouh does not include any reference albeit small for (wooden) and (Alkisanih) as well as the (Holy) , these things that are characteristics of the revolution of the chosen , and perhaps the realbn for this omission is the result of his feelings towards the Alawites , which led him to overlook the far side of this revolution , Ibn Aasem appears in this book strongly inclined flyover when mention of the Alawites
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شارل الكسندر دي كالون (1734 - 1802) ودوره الاصلاحي في فرنسا == Charles Alexander De Callonne (1734 - 1802) And Its Role In The Reformist Of France

Author name: سعاد عبد الحسين لفلوف الشويلي
Supervisor name: نعيم كريم عجيمي الشويلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Preoccupied study historical figures prominent place in Iraqi universities, those personalities that led roles in various political , economic and social aspects , which occupied a lot of space and a large area in the European modern history, flying that the person is a historic event maker , and understand the circumstances and the nature of his personality and intellectual principles that safe it is very important to understand the historical events that contributed to the manufacture , as well as to the kind of studies which attracted the attention of many researchers and academics are not limited to CV only to these characters but also dealt with historical events and political developments that took part , and it came to exceed the often to study the developments and situations in which the consequent impact on the personal subject of the study. We saw modern French history like other countries of the world new characters emergence of research and investigation and study , and historical study of European dealt with a large number of those personalities that have important roles in the history of France, but those studies have neglected the other characters did not shed light on them , equivalent to the role played by , which do not think by negligence but for the large number of French personalities and this play and his modern French history from being a generator wonderful, and wider events and the complexity and inventor endlessly for such characters, regardless of affiliation intellectual, principles and achievements, and despite the fact that this type of study is beset with many difficulties and it is due to the divergence of views on this personal and others because of personal interest or differences in opinions and ideas, but we have tried to exercise caution and objectivity for fear of slipping in the bias and favoritism, and in light of our understanding of the specificity of this approach we have chosen the subject of the letter came which (Charles Alexander de Callon and its role reformist in France 1734 - 1802). The selection of the 1734 start of the study because it is the year he was born Callon, while the study stopped at 1802 as a year in which Kallon, who died, and thus draw a clear picture of all the qualities and actions and movements and positions Callon from his birth until his death. Researcher chronology adopted in the events listed , but it was forced to return for a previous time in the first Chapter in the first and second topics, in addition resorted to reliance on a topic thread and attention by the controls required by the need in the course of research. Required by the nature of the study, divided into four chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and a set of appendices and a list of sources. The first chapter entitled (Callon upbringing and his enemies), has been divided into two topics, devoted the first topic of them to study (upbringing and his enemies 1734 - 1766), as it has in this section refer to his life since birth, education, social composition, and has the reference in this section to 1766 for it Callon focus of attention of all the great and effective role in resolving the issue of Brittany has become, while interested in the second topic study (Callon administration for the cities of Metz and Lille), since this topic shaped the great role played by Callon and administrative reforms to these two cities after they were suffering from neglect, though of great importance that it was enjoyed by the cities of Metz and Lille. The second chapter (of finance ministers policy from 1774 to 1781 before assuming Callon Ministry of Finance), which was divided into two sections, the first topic (Ministry of Turku 1774 - 1776), it has a reference to the financial and economic situation prior to the receipt of Turku for the post of Inspector General, and then touched to the Ministry of reforms Turku and place appropriate solutions to solve the financial crisis, while taking the second section (Ministry of Jacques Necker 1776 - 1781) , as indicated in this section for the economic reforms of Necker in France when he took office in the General Inspectorate of Finance for the first time. And display the third chapter (economic policy of the Inspector General Callon 1783 - 1786), has studied the events of the period mentioned in three topics, we discussed in the first (of appointment to the post of the General Inspectorate in 1783) after it became vacant after Necker, as has been selected Callon in the post of Inspector General finance in 1783 and then winning promoted to finance minister, that office who has not obtained his degree only Callon and that the qualifications he enjoyed, while the second topic came to highlights program Callon economic reform in 1784 - 1787 and how to develop reform plans in the economy and the money and find solutions to the advancement and sophistication of financial status of France as his plans included all areas, while the third topic focused on trade treaty between Britain and France in 1786 due to the importance of the treaty and its impact on France. The fourth chapter was titled (Callon and inviting classes) Council, has been divided into two sections, separated first topic Council layers and configured, and the role of Callon in the invite that Council meetings attended to discuss the reforms presented by Kallon that the Council in which the benefit and the benefit of France and discuss outstanding issues not yet been implemented, and the reason for the finding opponents Callon and because of them hatched plots against him which led to his dismissal and exile, while Browse second section (migration Callon to England) that immigration that helped Callon to participate against the French Revolution and the role played by Callon in the fight counter - revolution against the French Revolution and its support for the princes of the royalists and the provision of financial and diplomatic aid to the warlords, as well as the status of plans to stand against the French revolutionaries, and after the Chapter concluded the last phase of his life at his bedside and his death in 1802. The study relied on many sources that formed a key in the formation of the thesis and show it as such, it comes in the forefront of unpublished documents, including the reform program submitted to the layered Council gathering in 1787, and the Treaty concluded between France and the UK trade in 1786, as well as the memorandum submitted by the Turku on The local government in 1775
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الضرائب في العراق في العصور العباسية المتاخرة (247 - 656هـ / 861 - 1258م) == Taxes In Iraq At Late Abbasid Ages (861 - 1258 A.D./ 247 - 656 A.H.)

Author name: سارة محمد حنون التميمي
Supervisor name: محسن راشد طريم الغزي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: As asubject, tax is considered one of the most important economic subjects in the Islamic period because it represents the most important in the economic fields, since it represents one of the important resources to finance the state treasury. Abbasid caliphate gave agreat attention to the tax because it represents artery of economy in this period, and this required Abbasid caliphate to follow up it and take care of it by recruiting efficient staff in muslims bank. The all the money. which takes from the Tak and establish bureaucracy to manage The financed affairs. It may say the Take which it the money that paid by the person without getting any advantage. And it considers as imposition, and the city takes It by obligation without return finally, to increase general expense and to achieve aims of the city. And the city impose the Take legelly in return of sevices which it present. The Cause of my choosing this subject, to acquaint the importance Tak which it imposes by Alkilafa Al eabbasia. On the all citizens. And the impact of the political situation, The importance of Takes to the countries of the Arab - Islamic. At all times. As it is the main tributary of the state budget. The economic studies in Islamic periods. The researchers did not address the same abounding and important which it is political studies. To Atheraa Islamic Library, with books dedicated to we need it Especially the books of Islamic economics, because the economic history of Islam still, needs a lot of economic studies in depth. The duration of the study from (247 - 656 A.H.l861 - 1258 A.D.) witnessed impressive. By crises experienced by the Abbasia state and occupation of forign successive - our choice was for operiod of Abbasia eras the latter. To shed Aldoa on the economic side, as well as knowledge Takes. These reasons and others were optional of Take subject in Iraq in Abbasi age. The nature of the study is to be divided into four chapters divided into poins preceded by an introduction and Albharing and Qaamh sources and References. Chapter - one (Legitimacy Takes) : which included the most important resources of money. Ahouse resources abscess showed types and qutas and time Astafanah. Tribute imposed on jews and christions, and different types and amounts of jurists. Then Aslamic took from in fidels wiuthout fighting and it showed the beginnings imposed upon muslims. Then, booty taken by the muslims from the infidels without afight. Alzakat it directed by the individual money to poor and needy and it showed it is importance in the Quraan and the sunnah and the different kinds and their amounts. Then, Turning to tak tithing it imposed on the commercial and customs fees. Finally, pedestals and it found under the ground and different the opinion in it is kind. In chapter two : Tak novel which first excise it is imposed by the city on the merchandise offered in the market. The pipes which imposed on the goods while it enters River ports, Then dribe mooel. It is amoney, it has no heir, aspecially wrabh, or fuck. Then export tak levied by the state against Alkhalafaa and Alammeraa to return money. Sporadic taxes it imposed on pasture and shops and exploited which added to money house. Chapter three : Financial functions which was the first, the owner of the store which represent money house, Then it deels fixed function which include Beholder and the supervisoy and the completed naab and nidwan, writer and treasurer, and the witnees and the worker and duplicator and naab and Aljhbz. It mention tax workers, from them abscess workers and publican and direct those funds semicircular and direct phones. So in this chapter deels with most important financial bureaucracy, Diwan house money, Abscess expenses reins leg acies insect property provinces any Diwan and parts and all employees Who occupy all the Diwan. Chapter four Review the impact of political conditions in Iraq to collect. Which included opposition movements. And their impact on preventing Aldharaab movement and the first of nine Zinj, And how it has been affected by the countryes economy from laura Almaztrb situation. That exerted during the fifteen years, who oppearwd in Kufa. Turning to Bataah and move Imran Ibn Shaheen, It was initially given introduction to Bataah. Andon the impact of the movement on the collection Aldharaab. Then deels with (Tleia) movement, which it was among movements, And brought it influenced the denial of access to financial rwsources to state treasury. After granting them privileges of military. And occupy Almosal city which it famous byBounties economical. Finally, the position of prince of princes who occupy these positions. And how this position to prevent the arrival of Taxes
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