Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 100 out of 6,967

اورام الدماغ الثانوية المنتشرة ضمن الاورام السرطانية الصلبة == Secondary brain metastasis in solid tumors

Author name: افيل نديم كاظم
Supervisor name: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Title : Secondary brain metastasis in solid tumors.Background : Brain metastases are among the most feared complications of cancer because they often cause profound neurologic symptoms that severely impair the quality of life. They represent a common complication, occurring in 10 - 30% of cancer patients. The prevalence of brain metastases in cancer patients has been rising over the past three decades.Aims of the study : To investigate the distributions of secondary Brain metastases and their percentage of frequency among common solid tumors and to correlate the strength of the relationship with different prognostic criteria that are obtained from common primary diseases which ended up with secondary brain metastases in Al - Amal hospital for radiation oncology and nuclear medicine .Patients and methods : Clinical data of 40 patients with brain metastatic cancers were collected and analyzed for the relationship between survival time and age, gender, primary diseases, quantity of brain metastatic foci, their position, extra cranial lesions, and therapeutic regimens used before brain metastasis detection.Results : The average female to male ratio was 3.4 : 1, with highest frequency were among patients in the 4th and 5th decades, females with breast cancer showed the highest frequency to develop brain metastases. Highest frequency was seen at 1 - 5 years after diagnosis of the primary disease. Majority of patients were treated with surgery and chemotherapy showed a high frequency for brain metastases.Conclusion : Female gender 30 - 50 years age having breast cancer, between 1 - 5 years after the diagnosis of the primary disease are at high risk for secondary brain metastases.Keywords : Secondary brain tumor, brain metastases, cerebral cancer treatment, brain neoplasm, metastasis

دراسة معدل انتشار التدرن الكامن في سجن اصلاح الكبار في محافظة بابل == Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis in Hilla Male Prison

Author name: مرتضى نجاح جواد
Supervisor name: قاسم محمد سلطان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known toaffect humans, it caused by infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(M.TB). M.TB is most commonly transmitted from a patient withinfectious pulmonary TB to other person by droplet nuclei .prisoners areexposed to a variety of infections, including TB. the standard test fordetecting Latent TB infection (LTBI) is tuberculin skin test (TST).Objectives : determination the prevalence of latent tuberculosis amongAL - Hilla male prisoners .and Assessing its correlations with various riskfactors.Methods : A stratified random sampling technique was used to select asample of 120 male prisoners aged >20years old from the AL - Hillaprison. The selected inmates were interviewed using a structured pretestedquestionnaire,5 units of PPD(0.1mL) had been injectedintradermally to the volar surface of forearm to be seen within 48 - 72hours. The test was considered positive if ( >=10mm induration)developed.Results : The study shows the rate of tuberculin reactivity amongprisoners is 23.3% (28/120). A significant relationship between age ofprisoner, mean area of accommodation per prisoner in the prison and TSTpositivity. The overall mean age of prisoners was (34.43± 12.70) yearsold and (47.5%) of the prisoners was aged between 20 - 30 years. Majority(77.5%) of the prisoners were living in urban area. (57.5%) of theprisoners were married. The alliterated prisoners were(53.3%). selfemployedprisoners were(61.7%). (53.3%) of prisoners had monthlyincome between 500 000 - 1 Million IQD. (39.2%) of prisoners spent oneyear of their prison period .The prevalence of smokers were(76.7%) andVIIonly (14.2%) of prisoners had contact with TB patients, meanwhile,(6.7%) of prisoners had contact with TB patients in prisons. Theprisoners had BCG vaccine signs were (74.2%).the prisoners who did notshare their house holding were (57.5%). The overall mean prisoners BMIwas (22.21± 3.19) kg/m2. The mean space of each cell in prison was(120.67± 85.38) m2, meanwhile the mean prisoners per each cell was(43.07± 17.72).So space of each prisoner approximately is : 2.8 m2 .Conclusion : significant relationship between age, area of accommodationfor each prisoner inside cell and positivity of TST.

تقييم السرعة الانبساطية المبكرة لحركة دعامة الصمام التاجي الخارجية والداخلية باستخدام الدوبلر الملون لدى مرضى تكلس الصمام التاجي في مراكز قلب متعددة في بغداد == Evaluation of Early Diastolic Mitral Annular Motion Velocity by Tissue Doppler in Patients with Mitral Annular Calcification

Author name: فرات حسن كريم
Supervisor name: مهدي ياسر صالح
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Heart
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

العلاقة بين مستوى حامض البوليك في الدم وكثافة المعادن في العظام بين عينة من متوسطي وكبار السن العراقيين == Association Between Level of Serum Uric Acid and Bone Mineral Density Among a Sample of Middle Aged and Elderly Iraqis

Author name: سندس عدنان جوامير
Supervisor name: محمد هادي العصامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية البحث : حامض البوليك هو حامض ضعيف وناتج نهائي من تحلل وايض البيورينات ويتواجد تحت الظروف الفسلجية على شكل ملح الصوديوم الاحادي , بداية اعتبر حامض البوليك كناتج خامل يتبلور في التراكيز العالية مكونا حصاة الكلية والتهاب المفاصل النقرسي , بالتالي ادرك انه من مضادات الاكسدة القوية يمسح الاوكسجين الدري , مختبريا وحسب الدراسات الخلوية اعتبر حامض البوليك ايضا كمؤيد للاكسدة حسب الكيميائية المكروية. كثافة العظام المعدنية هي مقياس المحتوى المعدني للعظام بوحدة الغرام والمساحة المتوقعة ذات البعدين بوحدة السنتيمتر المربع والوسيلة المستخدمة هي مقياس امتصاصية الطاقة المزدوجة للاشعة السينية.الهدف : تقييم العلاقة بين مستوى حامض البوليك في مصل الدم ومقياس كثافة المعادن للعظام ان وجد.المرضى والطرائق : شملت الدراسة (60) رجلا وامراة منهم (35)امراة والباقي رجال (25) اعمارهم تتراوح من 40الى 70سنة .تم جمع بيانات المرضى الديموغرافية والسريرية بما في ذلك العمر والجنس والطول والوزن ومعيار كتلة الجسم وحالة التدخين والحالة الوظيفية والدورة الشهرية والحالة المرضية ومستوى النشاط والتحصيل الدراسي . تم قياس نسبة الحامض بوحدة ملغرام لكل ديسيلتر مربع لكل وكدلك كثافة المعادن للعظام للفقرات القطنية من الواحد الى الاربعة وعنق عظم الفخذ الايمن لكل شخص مع حساب مقياس تي ومقياس زت عن طريق مقياس الامتصاص للطاقة المزدوجة للاشعة السينية النتائج : هناك علاقة احصائية مباشرة ضعيفة بين مستوى حامض البوليك وكثافة العظم للفقرات القطنية في جميع الاشخاص القيمة الاحتمالية (0,176). العلاقة بين مستوى الحامض وكثافة العظام للذكور مباشرة في عنق الفخذ الايمن ومعتدة احصائيا القيمة الاحتمالية (0,040) . توجد علاقة مباشرة ضعيفة بين مستوى حامض البوليك وكثافة عظام الفقرات القطنية في الاناث في سن الياس (0,225) .الاستنتاجات : هناك اثار وقائية منطقية لحامض البوليك للعظام في الذكور | Background : Uric acid is the final breakdown product of purine metabolism in humans, it is a weak organic acid that under physiologic condition exists mainly as a monosodium urate salt , initially, uric acid was considered an inert waste product that crystallizes at high concentrations to form renal stones and provoke gouty arthritis , subsequently, uric acid was recognized to be a powerful antioxidant that scavenges oxygen radicals. Cellular studies have nevertheless demonstrated that depending on its chemical microenvironment, uric acid may also be pro - oxidant. Bone mineral density measurements are widely used to diagnose osteoporosis and measurement in bone mass are commonly used as a surrogate for fracture risk . Bone mineral density is the measured parameter, and allows the calculation of the bone mineral content in grams and the two - dimensional projected area in square centimeter of the bone being measured; thus the units of is gram per square centimeter. Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum uric acid and bone mineral density in a sample of middle and elderly Iraqis Patients and methods : This cross - sectional study involved sixty participants , thirty five were female and twenty five were male, based on exclusion (systemic rheumatic diseases , malignancy , gout , chronic kidney and liver diseases, diabetes mellitus , thyroid disease, pregnancy, medications : thiazide , calcium , vitamin D, steroid , bisphosphonate) and inclusion (Iraqi consenting men and women , aged from forty to seventy years) criteria. Demographics and clinical data were collected including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, employment, educational status, menstrual history, level of physical activity, comorbidities .Serum uric acid was measured and bone mineral density was calculated for each individual by dual energy x ray absorptiometry scan , Z - score and T - score at first lumbar - forth lumbar spine and right femoral neck were measured . Results : There is weak direct relationship between bone mineral density, T and Z score with uric acid (stronger in bone mineral density than the others probability value ( 0.176) in lumber spine bones for all patients , but no relationship was found between bone mineral density , with uric for right femoral neck in all participants probability values (0.346) , while in females, there was no relationship between uric acid and bone mineral density , T and Z score of the lumbar vertebral spine , while; there was weak inverse relationship between bone mineral density , T and Z score with uric acid in right femoral bone . In postmenopausal female; in lumbar vertebral spine bone there was weak direct relationship between uric acid with bone mineral , Z and T score, while; in right femoral bone there was no relationship between uric acid with bone mineral density , Z and T score. In males for right femoral bone; there was significant direct relationship between bone mineral density with uric acid probability value (0.04), while the relationship between uric acid with T and Z score was non - significant (however it is direct and weak correlation),while ; no relationship was observed between uric acid with bone mineral density, T and Z score for lumbar vertebral spine bones.Conclusion : Significant direct relationship was found between bone mineral with uric acid , so uric acid is protective against bone loss in male

مصاحبة الاختلافات التشريحية للجيوب الانفية مع امراض الجيوب الانفية في المفراس الحلزوني متعدد المقاطع == Co - existence of anatomical variations of paranasal sinuses and sinonasal abnormalities on multislice computed tomography

Author name: ميثاق محي عبد الله
Supervisor name: عبد اللطيف علي اصغر | محمد ضياء احمد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Certain anatomic variations ( as concha bullosa and nasal septal deviation) are common in general population and are often predispose the patients to inflammatory diseases because they may obstruct the infundibulum or any part of the osteomeatal complex resulting in interference of air flow or mucociliary clearance. Computed tomography is the imaging modality of choice since the advent of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. It is now mandatory and a medicolegal requirement to evaluate the paranasal sinuses as this provide a road map with excellent details regarding anatomy, anatomical variants with type and extension of the pathology.Objectives : to identify the incidence of different types of paranasal sinus variants and their coexistence with sinonasal abnormalities by using multislice computed tomography.Patients and methods : This is a cross sectional study was done on 87 patients referred for computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses in Al - shaheed Ghazi Al.Hariri Teaching Hospital in medical city - Baghdad, from January 2013 to June 2013, patients were clinically suspected to have sinonasal diseases. The sample of this study was consist of 52 males and 35 females. The age of patients ranged from 12 - 60 years. All patients were examined by computed tomography scan of paranasal sinus protocol in axial sections with coronal reformat.Results : From 87 patients in our study, 76 patients were have diseased sinuses, we reported 5 mucosal abnormalities; mucosal thickening, opacification, air fluid level, mucosal polyp and cyst. The most commonly involved sinus was the maxillary (62 patients) followed by anterior ethmoid, and the commonest abnormality was mucosal thickening. Types of variations were seen in this study; nasal septal deviation(52.4%), concha bullosa(49%), enlarged ethmoidal bullae (15.9%), large Aggar nasi (15.9%), Haller cells(19.1%), bent uncinate process(11.4%),Onodi cells(11.4%), paradoxical middle turbinate(9.1%), maxillary sinus hypoplasia(7.9%), pneumatized crista galli(6.8%), and both pneumatized nasal septum and asymmetrical ethmoid roof were of (3.4%). the total number of patients having anatomical variants but with no associated sinonasal mucosal abnormalities were (17.1%), while (82.9%) of patients were associated with sinonasal abnormalities.Conclusion : by using multislice computed tomography we find correlation between certain anatomical variations and specific inflammatory sinonasal mucosal abnormalities due to defect in the drainage of the sinus secretions and secondary infection. Also there was another group of variants which may lead to intraoperative complications if surgery indicated.

تقنية غير لائقة في استخدام جهاز الانشاق ذات الجرعة المعايرة في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابون بالربو == The effect of improper technique in using meter dose inhaler in a sample of Iraqi asthmatic patients

Author name: زياد طارق ملغوث
Supervisor name: قاسم محمد سلطان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Improper asthma inhaler device use was most likely one of the major causes associated with uncontrolled asthma and frequent respiratory clinic visits. Therefore assessment the effect of the improper use of metered dose inhaler device in the control of bronchial asthma, and the factors that have important impact on asthma management and control.Objectives : The aim of study is to assess the effect of the improper use of meter dose inhaler device in the control of bronchial asthma. And the factors that affect the inhaler technique.Methods : A cross - sectional study of 100 patients who visited respiratory clinic at Baghdad Teaching Hospital with bronchial asthma from 1st of August 2014 to 28th February 2015. Information was collected about demographic data and asthma control and we assessed the inhaler techniques for each patient using an inhaler technique checklist.Results : Among the 100 asthma patients, 50(50%) were male, 50(50%) female. There was a statistically significant association between MDI technique use defect and all the following factors (the gender (P value ‹0.05),VIIAge (P value = 0.01), the education level of patients (P value = 0.00), the duration of disease of the patient (P value = 0.03), the asthma health education of the patient (P value = 0.00) and asthma control test (ACT)).Conclusion : Improper inhaler device use is major factor associated with poor asthma control.Keywords : Iraqi asthmatic patient, MDI, inhaler technique and Patient education.

انواع التغذية والعدوى وامراض المناعة الذاتية وعوامل الخطر البيئي الاخرى لدى الاطفال المصابين بالسكري من النوع الاول في مركزين صحيين عامين == Types of feeding, Infection, Autoimmune Diseases & Other environmental risk factors in Diabetic Children at two tertiary public health centers in Baghdad

Author name: شهد محمد جاسم
Supervisor name: نادية عزيز ناصر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas and destroy them, it is also called ( Juvenile diabetes) because it mainly occurs in children and teenagers , though it can develop at any age. The study of epidemiology of T1DM in Basrah showed that the overall mean age at first diagnosis was 15.3 ± 9 years and it was significantly higher in men. The prevalence was 87 per 100,000 and it is lower than neighboring countries. The average annual incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 7.4 per 100,000 which place Iraq in the intermediate group. This provided a baseline for assessing future changes in the epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Iraq.Objectives : To describe pattern of feeding during infancy among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, frequency of childhood infections (Measles and Mumps), and prevalence of autoimmune disease in children with T1DM.Patients and methods : A cross sectional study was carried out at Central Child teaching hospital and Al Yarmook teaching hospital, Iraq. A total of 248 patients with type 1 diabetes who attended the consultation clinic in the period from February 1st to the 30th of May,2017, and were investigated in order to describe the patterns of feeding in infancy, frequency of childhood infections )measles and mumps), and also prevalence of autoimmune disease in children with T1DM.Results : The mean age of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes among children was 5.7 years ± 3.3 and the mean weight of children at delivery was 3.2 Kg± 0.6 . The sociodemographic distribution showed that 38% of cases occurred in the 5 - 8 years age group followed by 8 - 11 years age group which accounts for 30.6% of cases. Sex distribution was nearly equal with slight male predominance. 50.8% of T1DM children have a positive family history for diabetes, most of them had a history of type 2 Dm (38.7%), and (9.3%) of type 1 DM, while 7% had both type 1 and 2. Only 23.4 % of cases have positive family history of other autoimmune diseases (autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, psoriasis, Addison disease). About 23 % of children had autoimmune illnesses other than diabetes. More than 61% of patients with T1DM had exclusive bottle feeding history, 30% had exclusive breast feeding history, while 8.5 % had mixed feeding history.Conclusion• About two thirds of children with type 1 DM were bottle fed.• About a quarter of children with T1DM had autoimmune diseases other than diabetes.• The sociodemographic aspects showed that more children were diagnosed in the 5 - 8 years, those with urban residence were found to be more frequent than those with rural residence while frequency of T1DM was almost the same in males and females, more parents were with no college education.• Only a small proportion of children had a positive pre - diagnosis Measles and Mumps infections if they achieve the milestone of 1 year.Keywords : T1DM, bottle feeding, autoimmune diseases

متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية وعرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء في المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي == Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author name: انمار عبد الوهاب البياتي
Supervisor name: زياد شفيق الراوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية البحث : التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي هو التهاب مناعي ذاتي جهازي مزمن يصيب المفاصل واجهزة الجسم الاخرى. متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية هو جزء من اختبار العد الكامل للدم ويرتبط مع وظيفة الصفائح الدموية وفاعليتها. عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء هو جزء من اختبار العد الكامل للدم ويقدر تغيرات كريات الدم الحمراء.الهدف : لتقييم عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء ومتوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية في مصل المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي وتقييم علاقاتهما مع الخصائص الديموغرافية والسريرية الاساسية للمرضى.المرضى والطرائق : شملت دراسة تضبيط الحالة هذه تشخيص ما مجموعه 111 مريضا مصابا بمرض التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (98 انثى : 13 ذكرا) وفقا لمعايير التصنيف الامريكية لامراض الروماتيزم / الرابطة الاوروبية لمكافحة الروماتيزم لالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، متوافقين بالعمر والجنس مع 97 شخصا من الاصحاء كمجموعة ضبط (سيطرة) (76 انثى : 21 ذكر). وتم قياس كل من البيانات الديموغرافية، ودرجات نشاط المرض، والتاريخ الطبي، والادوية المستعملة، والعامل الروماتويدي، ومضاد سيترولينيتد الببتايد الضد ، ومعدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء ، واختبار العد الكامل للدم.النتائج : كان متوسط العمر للمرضى والسيطرة 46.53 ± 11.89 و48.19 ± 12.06 سنة على التوالي (p=0,321). لم تكن فروقات متوسط حجم الصفائح لمرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (8.0 ± 1.4) والسيطرة (7.7 ± 1.2) معتد احصائيا(P=0.4)، بينما وجد ان عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء اعلى بكثير في المرضى (14.5 ± 2.8) مقارنة مع مجموعة الضبط (12.4 ± 1.1) (p => 0.001). لم يكن هناك ارتباط معنوي بين عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء ومتغيرات مختلفة كـ(العمر، مؤشر كتلة الجسم ، مدة المرض، درجة فاعلية المرض 28، ومؤشر نشاط المرض السريري، معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء، الجنس، العامل الروماتويدي ومضاد سيترولينيتد الببتايد الضد). ان لعرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء قدرة جيدة على التفريق بين مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي ومجموعة الضبط،وكذلك فان لمعدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء قدرة ممتازة على التفريق بين مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي ومجموعة الضبط.الاستنتاجات : كان عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء اعلى بكثير في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي من مجموعة الضبط، في حين كان متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية اعلى في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي مقارنة مع مجموعة الضبط غير ان الفروقات لم تكن معتدة احصائيا. لم يكن هناك ارتباط كبير في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي بين عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء ومتغيرات مختلفة كـ(العمر، مؤشر كتلة الجسم، مدة المرض، ، درجة فعالية المرض 28 ، ومؤشر نشاط المرض السريري ، معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء، الجنس، العامل الروماتويدي ومضاد سيترولينيتد الببتايد الضد). | Background : Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease, which affects the joints and other body systems. Mean platelet volume is part of the complete blood count test and correlates with the platelet function and activation. Red cell distribution width is part of the complete blood count test and estimates erythrocyte variability in volume.Objective : To evaluate red cell distribution and mean platelet volume in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to assess their relationships with baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis .Patients and Methods : A total of 111 patients (98 female : 13 male) with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for Rheumatoid arthritis 2010 and age sex matched 97 control healthy individuals (76 female : 21 male) were involved in this case - control study. Demographic data, disease activity scores, medical history, current medications were reported. Rheumatoid Factor, Anti Citrullinated Peptide Anti body, complete blood count erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and were all measured.Results : The red cell distribution width was significantly higher in patients (14.5 ± 2.8) compared to controls (12.4 ± 1.1) (p=>0.001). While Mean platelet volume in rheumatoid arthritis patients was (8.0 ± 1.4) and that for controls (7.7 ± 1.2), the differences were insignificant (P=0.4). Mean age for patients and controls were 46.53 ± 11.89 and 48.19 ± 12.06 years respectively (p=0.321). There were no significant correlation between red cell distribution width and various variables (Age, Body Mass Index, disease duration, Disease Activity Score28, Clinical Disease Activity Index, ESR, Sex, Rheumatoid factor, and Anti Citrullinated Peptide Anti body).The red cell distribution width had good validity to differentiate rheumatoid arthritis patients from controls, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate had excellent validity to differentiate between rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls.Conclusions : Red cell distribution was significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients than in controls, While mean platelet volume was higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to controls, but not reach statistically significant. In rheumatoid arthritis patients there were no significant correlation between red cell distribution and various variables (Age, Body mass index, Disease duration, Disease activity score 28, Clinical disease activity index , Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Sex, Rheumatoid factor, and Anti Citrullinated Peptide Anti body).

ارتفاع المؤشرات الالتهابية كمتنبئ للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم (الايتانرسبت والانفلكسماب) في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بتشمع الصلب == Raised Inflammatory Markers as Predictors of Response to Anti - Tumor Necrosis Factor Drugs (Etanercept and Infliximab) in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Ankylosing Spondyl

Author name: سيف عبد الكريم رؤوف
Supervisor name: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : تشمع الصلب هو مرض التهابي جهازي مزمن يؤثر بشكل اساسي على الهيكل العظمي المحوري، على الرغم من ذلك فان المفاصل الطرفية وانسجة الارتكاز والانسجة خارج المفصل قد تتاثر ايضا بالمرض مثل العيون والقلب والرئتين. يرتبط ارتفاع المؤشرات الالتهابية ( بروتين سي التفاعلي او معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء) في المرضى المصابين بتشمع الصلب في بداية اعطاء الادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم مع استجابة سريرية افضل. الهدف من الدراسة : تقييم دور ارتفاع المؤشرات الالتهابية ( بروتين سي التفاعلي او معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء) في تنبؤ الاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم في المرضى المصابين بتشمع الصلب.المرضى والطرائق : ادخل في الدراسة الاترابية 71 مريضا من المصابين بتشمع الصلب كعدد كلي، كلهم كانوا مطابقين لمعايير نيويورك المعدلة لتشخيص تشمع الصلب ومعايير تصنيف الجمعية الدولية لتقييم التهاب المفاصل الصلبي لغرض تشخيص التهاب المفاصل الصلبي. تم استثناء 19 مريضا من الدراسة نتيجة انقطاعهم عن استخدام الادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم واستمر 52 مريضا بالدراسة وتمت متابعتهم لمدة ثلاثة اشهر . تم جمع البيانات الديموغرافية ، مدة المرض ، نوع العلاج ، مؤشر نشاط مرض التشمع الصلب والمؤشر الوظيفي لمرض تشمع الصلب من المرضى. وتم ايضا فحصهم مختبريا لبروتين سي التفاعلي، معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء ، كريات الدم البيضاء ، الهيموغلوبين وعدد الصفائح الدموية.النتائج : كان متوسط عمر المرضى 35.2 ± 9.6 سنوات ، شكل الذكور 84.6% منهم وكان متوسط مدة المرض 5 (3 - 10) سنوات. اظهر التحليل احادي المتغير بان المتنبئات للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم شملت الارتفاع الاساسي لبروتين سي التفاعلي ، معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء ، مؤشر نشاط مرض التشمع الصلب والمؤشر الوظيفي لمرض تشمع الصلب. اظهر التحليل متعدد المتغير بان المتنبئ المستقل الوحيد للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم هو الارتفاع الاساسي لبروتين سي التفاعلي. كانت نقطة القطع المثلى لبروتين سي للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم اكثر من 7.5 ملغم/ لتر بحساسية 94.29% ونوعية 88.24%, بينما لمعدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء كانت اكثر من 32 ملم/ ساعة بحساسية 74.29% ونوعية 94.12%. كان هنالك نزول واضح في مؤشر نشاط مرض التشمع الصلب والمؤشر الوظيفي لمرض تشمع الصلب بعد ثلاثة اشهر من العلاج (لكلا العلاجين ايتانرسيبت وانفلكسماب). لم تتنبا المتغيرات الاخرى التي تم دراستها والتي تشمل البيانات الديموغرافية، مدة المرض، الهيموغلوبين، كريات الدم البيضاء، الصفائح الدموية، نوع العلاج، وجود التهاب المفاصل الطرفية، التهاب انسجة الارتكاز او التهاب القزحية بالاستجابة.الاستنتاجات : يتنبا الارتفاع الاساسي للمؤشرات الالتهابية ( بروتين سي التفاعلي او معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء) باستجابة افضل للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم في المرضى المصابين بتشمع الصلب. بروتين سي التفاعلي لديه تنبؤ افضل للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم من معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء | Background : Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder mainly affecting the axial skeleton, although peripheral joints, entheses and extra - articular tissues may also be involved such as eyes, heart and lungs. Raised inflammatory markers (C - reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate) in patients with AS at the start of anti - tumor necrosis factor therapy associated with more clinical response.Aim of the study : To assess the role of raised inflammatory markers (C - reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) in predicting response to anti - tumor necrosis factor drugs in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Patients and methods : A prospective cohort study enrolled a total of 71 patients with AS, all of them were fulfilling the modified New York criteria for Ankylosing Spondylitis and Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society classification criteria for diagnosing spondyloarthropathy. Nineteen patients were excluded from the study due to discontinuation of anti - TNF therapy and 52 patients continued in the study and were followed for three months. Demographic data, disease duration, type of treatment, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index were collected from the patients. They were also investigated for C - reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell, hemoglobin and platelet count. Results : The mean age of the patients was 35.2±9.6 years, males constitute 84.6% of them and the median disease duration was 5 (3 - 10) years. Univarite analysis showed that the predictors of response to anti - TNF were raised baseline C - reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index. Multivariate analysis showed that the only independent predictor for response to anti - tumor drugs was raised baseline C - reactive protein. The optimal cut point for C - reactive protein to predict response was >7.5 mg/l with a sensitivity 94.29% and specificity 88.24% , while for erythrocyte sedimentation rate was > 32 mm/hour with a sensitivity 74.29% and specificity 94.12%. For both drugs (etanercept and infliximab) there was significant reduction in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index after 3 months of therapy. Other variables which were studied including demographic data, disease duration, hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet, type of treatment, presence of peripheral arthritis, enthesitis or uveitis did not predict response.Conclusions : Raised inflammatory markers (C - reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) at baseline predict better response to anti - tumor necrosis factor drugs in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients. C - reactive protein had better prediction of response to anti - tumor necrosis factor dugs than erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

التهاب المخاطية الفموية لدى مرضى سرطان الراس والعنق المعالجين بالاشعاع == Oral Mucositis In Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy For Head and Neck Cancer

Author name: مروة ایاد نوري فتاح
Supervisor name: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Therapeutic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) is indispensable in treatment of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC); in spite of its associated complications. Oral mucositis (OM) is an important complication in HNC patients undergoing RT. OM is painful, may affect nutrition and quality of life. It decreases the patient’s willingness to continue treatment, and sometimes, it is a dose - limiting toxicity. It may lead to chronic complications. It also causes additional economic impact. This study aims to identify the incidence, distribution of OM, and its effect on treatment breaks in a section of HNC patients receiving RT in Iraq.Patients and MethodsThis is an observational, descriptive cross - sectional study. It included 50 patients with primary HNC, treated with External Beam Radiotherapy at the Oncology Teaching Center/ Radiation Therapy Department at the Medical City Complex - Baghdad, from 1st. January to 30th. April, 2017. All patients were assessed for occurrence of OM. Cases of OM were graded according to the World Health Organization scale. Data were collected in relation to; age, gender, smoking, sub - site of the tumor, stage of the tumor, type of therapy, and the unplanned breaks in treatment due to OM.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 53.3 years (+/ - 11 SD). 80% of patients were below 65 years of age. Male; female ratio was 2.6 : 1. Main sub - sites of tumors were; nasopharynx (36%), larynx (22%) then parotid (14%) and tongue (12%).Seventy six percent of patients had chemotherapy and radiotherapy. 74% were smokers during or before starting RT. 86% of patients were in stages III or IV.Incidence of OM was 72%. (16% grade 1, 40% grade 2, and 16% grade 3).OM was more in ages < 35 years and in ages >/= 65 years. Least occurrence was among (45 - 54) years age group. OM occurred in 93% of females and 64% of males.OM occurred in 79% of patients who received RT plus CT. It occurred in 75 - 77% of patients of advanced stages of tumor.5Severe OM occurred more; among RT plus CT recipients and among smokers,The majority (47%) of OM cases in this population came from nasopharynx tumors, while larynx tumors contributed the least (3%).ConclusionsOM occurred in most of the HNC patients treated by RT. It occurred more in females, patients who receive CT plus RT, in tumors of oral cavity and nasopharynx. OM related unplanned breaks may interrupt the treatment schedule. HNC imposes double burden in Iraq as it attacks the productive age group. The vast majority of HNC are diagnosed in advanced stages. Multidisciplinary approach is recommended to manage HNC patients. Psychological support and patient education on oral care are essential needs.

الخصائص السريرية والنسيجية لمرضى سرطان الثدي العراقيات دون سن الاربعين عاما == Clinical and pathological profile of young age Iraqi female diagnosed with breast cancer ( an observational study)

Author name: شيماء محمد راضي
Supervisor name: منور عبد الاله النقاش
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Therapeutic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية عن الموضوع : على الصعيد العالمي، سرطان الثدي هو السرطان الاكثر شيوعا ويعد السبب الرئيسي للوفاة في مرض السرطان لدى النساء .تمثل النساء الشابات المصابات بسرطان الثدي مجموعة فرعية من سرطان الثدي حيث ان لهم خصائص فريدة مقارنة بالنساء الاكبر سنا المصابات بسرطان الثدي.الهدف من البحث : تقييم الحالة السريرية لسرطان الثدي لدى السيدات الشابان العراقيات من ناحية (حجم الورم، العقد اللمفاوية، الخ ...)، وتقييم الحالة الجزيئية على المستوى الخلوي للمرضى (مستلمات البوجستيرون،مستلمات الاستروجين، HER2 ,و كي - 67) من الاناث الشابات المصابات بسرطان الثدينوع الدراسة : دراسة مقطعية عرضيةمكان الدراسة : دائرة مدينة الطب، مستشفى علاج الاورام في بغدادالمرضى : 1349 امراة مصابات بسرطان الثدي منهم 202 كان عمرهن اقل او يساوي 40 عاماالنتائج : كان معدل انتشارسرطان الثدي لدى الشابات (المعرف بان اعمارهن اصغر من 40 سنة) 15٪ (7.9٪، 4.8٪، 2.1٪، 0.2٪للاعمار 36 - 40، 31 - 35، 26 - 30، 20 - 25 سنة على التوالي). كان هناك نسبة عالية من مستلمات ER وPR (74.4٪ و74٪) كذلك كانت نسبة HER2 54.1% مع نسبة 1.2% ل(triple negative). النوعية (Luminal A) هو النوع الفرعي الاكثر جزيئية 50٪, كان هناك علاقة ايجابية طفيفة تتضمن زيادة للمستلمات ER وPR مع اتخاه زيادة العمر, وكانت عكسية لHER2 وTriple negative مع زيادة العمر. استنتاج : الفئة العمرية بين 36 - 40 سنة كانت تحتوي اعلى نسبة في الشابات المصابات بسرطان الثدي، وهناك نسبة عالية من ER, PR, HER2, وtriple negative. كان للعمر تاثير ضعيف على العوامل الهرمونية والمناعية للسرطان | Background : Globally, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Young women with breast cancer represent a subset of the breast cancer with its unique characteristics and outcome compared to older women. Objective : To assess Iraqi young female breast cancer patients’ clinical profile (tumor size, lymph nodes), and evaluate their molecular profile (Er, PgR, HER2/neu and Ki - 67) .Design : observational cross sectional studySetting : Tertiary hospital, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad oncology teaching hospitalPatients : 1349 women with breast cancer of whom 202 had age less or equal to 40 yearsResults : the prevalence of young patients (defined was ≤40 years) ,with breast cancer was 15% (7.9%, 4.8%, 2.1% and 0.2% for 36 - 40, 31 - 35, 26 - 30 and 20 - 25 years respectively). There was high ER and PR positive status 74.4% and 70.4%, with 54.1% Her2 positive, and 10.2% as triple negative. Luminal A is the most molecular subtype 50%. There was slight positive trend of increase ER and PR expression with increasing age and there was slight negative trend of increment of Her2 expression and triple negative with increasing age. Lower age was associated with increase odds for having stage IV or metastatic disease.Conclusion : The highest age group was 36 - 40 years in the young women, there is high expression of ER, PR, Her2 and triple negative, but age appear to have weak effect on hormonal and immunohistochemistry characters of the tumors.

انتشار متلازمة شيغرن الثانوية لدى عينة من المرضى المصابين بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي == Prevalence of Secondary Sj?gren’s Syndrome in a Sample of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Author name: نور عباس
Supervisor name: سامي سلمان شهاب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Systemic lupus erythematous is a common autoimmune disorder occurring predominantly in women during reproductive years, the hallmark of SLE is its diversity of presentation with accumulation of manifestations over time and undulating disease course. Sj¨ogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that characteristically affects salivary and lacrimal glands such that patients have severe dry eyes and dry mouth. The disease may also involve numerous other organs, including the lungs, kidneys, joints, skin, peripheral nerves, and brain. Objective : To assess the prevalence of secondary sjogren syndrome in SLE patients.Patients and Methods : This cross sectional study involved a total of 50 patients with SLE diagnosed according to the revised American College of Rheumatology classification criteria, Sociodemographic data and medications were recorded. Disease activity for SLE was assessed with the SLE Disease Activity Index Case histories and personal information were assessed : age, SLE disease duration, body mass index, all subjects were screened for secondary Sj¨ogren’s syndrome by American - European Consensus Group Classification Criteria for Sj¨ogren’s Syndrome.Results : Prevalence of secondary Sj¨ogren’s syndrome in SLE patients was (8.4%). SLEDA was significantly higher in patients with Sj¨ogren’s syndrome (100%), there was no important or statistically significant correlation of all variable including disease duration, age, White blood cell count, Hemoglobin, Platelet count, antinuclear antibodies and anti - double Deoxyribo nucleic acid antibodies and the decrease in complement (C3 and/or C4) with secondary Sjogren’s syndrome. The anti - LA was statistically higher in patients with Sj¨ogren’s syndrome.Conclusions : The prevalence of secondary Sj¨ogren’s syndrome among SLE patients was relatively low. SLE disease activity as well as Anti SSB was significantly higher in patients with secondary Sj¨ogren’s syndrome

العلاقة بين المرضى العراقيين المصابين بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي ومتلازمة فرط مرونة المفاصل الحميد لدى عينة من مرضى نساء العراق

Author name: سارة محمد نجيب
Supervisor name: محمد هادي العصامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة فاعلية وسلامة التغيرات المختبرية ومعلمات التنبؤ للاستجابه لعقار الادالموماب في علاج عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصايين بمرض التهاب المفاصل الرماتويدي == Efficacy, Safety of Laboratory Changes and Predictors of Response to Adalimumab in Treatment of Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author name: خالد عبد الحسن غضبان
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in recent years have profoundly muted the destructive potential of this disease. The safety profile of methotrexate has made earlier treatment possible, and biologic therapies have opened the door to combination rather than sequential therapy, with the result that treatment recommendations now aim for disease remission Objective : To evaluate the safety and efficacy and predictors of response to Adalimumab in the treatment of rhueumatoid arthritis.Patients and methods : Open labeled single group clinical trial was conducted on patients with an established diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis who visited the Rheumatology Clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital from Oct. 2014 to March 2016 (17 months period).To be included, the patient should meet the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of RA and the revised 2010 ACR criteria and the patients should have DAS28 score greater than or equal to 3.3(moderate - severe disease acvtivity).111 patients with RA were identified. However, only 64 patients met the inclusion/ exclusion criteria. Patients were given adalimumab (40mg) subcutaneously every other week from the start of the study to its end. For each patient, baseline data were collected during the first visit and all the participants werefollowed for six months, during which each patient was seen at monthly intervals. Demographic and clinical data were collected including age, sex, smoking history, duration of disease, history of steroids , DMARDS or other biologic treatment.Results : The age ranged between 20 and 62 years. Females constituted 87.5% of the study sample with a 7 to 1 female to male ratio. Only 4.7% were current smokers.One third (34.4%) of study subjects gave a history of past use of biologic agents, Another third (31.3%) used DMARDS &steroids were used by 67.2% of study participants. 3/4 of study subjects were classified as highly active disease (DAS28>5.1), while The remainingsubjects were classified as moderate disease activity (DAS28 3.3 to 5.1). At the end of 6 months of treatment, only 20% remained in the highly active disease category. (60%) of study subjects has shifted to the moderate disease activity category. A small proportion of study subjects (12%) are now classified as low disease activity and another 8% are in remission. (73.3%) experienced a significant reduction in DAS28 score (1.2 units or more). Another 5% experienced a smaller magnitude of treatment response, which was classified as moderate improvement. The remaining 21.7% of the treated cohort showed no improvement in DAS28 score compared to its pretreatment level (<0.6 units of reduction). Male gender, steroids and DMARDS increase the chance of having favorable response to treatment and achieving low disease activity while only steroids use have this favorable effect on achieving remission as a target and no factor affect the outcome of having significant reduction in DAS28.Hemoglobin and WBC count showed a statistically significant decrease after the full six months of treatment. Hb reduced by a mean of 0.8 gm/dl and the WBC count experienced a mean reduction of 939 x 106/mm3. In addition, both serum AST and ALT showed a statistically significant increase by a mean of 6.5 and 4.4 U/L respectively after six months of treatment. The remaining renal function tests parameters showed no important or statistically significant change after the full six months of treatment.Conclusions : Adalimumab is effective and relatively safe and well tolerated in treatment of RA patients.Male gender, steroids And DMARDS increase the chance of having favorable response to treatment and achieving low disease activity while only steroids use have this favorable effect on achieving remission as a target and no factor affect the outcome of having significant reduction in DAS28

انواع الرضاعة والاستجابة للعلاج الضوئي كعلاج للاطفال حديثي الولادة المصابين بمرض اليرقان الغير مباشر في المستشفيات التعليمية في بغداد == Types of Infant Feeding and Response to Phototherapy as a Treatment for Fullterm Newborns with Neonatal Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia in Tertiary Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad

Author name: شيماء خضير عباس
Supervisor name: احمد سمير النعيمي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Neonatal jaundice remains the most common and the most controversial problem in full - term newborns during the immediate postnatal period.Aim of the study : To assess the association between types of feeding and response to phototherapy in full - term infants with indirect hyperbilirubinemia.Method : In the period from the 25th of January to the 22th of July 2016, 120 full - term newborns admitted to the neonatal care unit in Tertiary Teaching Hospitals (Pediatric Teaching Hospital in medical city, AI - Imamein Al - Kadhimein medical city and Child Center Teaching Hospital) were studied by cohort study. The newborns diagnosed by pediatrician as cases of indirect hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy started when TSB level>14.9 mg/dl. TSB was measured twice daily and phototherapy terminated when TSB level< 10.8 mg/dl. All infants were weighed at start and end of phototherapy. The duration of phototherapy had been recorded.Results : The infants divided into three groups according to type of feeding; group1, Breast - fed infants (n=37); group2, Formula - fed infants (n=51); group3, Mixed - fed infants (n=32).Phototherapy was highly effective in reducing serum bilirubin concentration in all of three groups but with a significant less efficacy for breast - fed neonates ( mean duration of phototherapy 32.2± 2.1 hrs) in comparison to mix - fed neonates (30.4 ± 2.5 hrs) and formula - fed neonates (29.9± 2.7 hrs).There was a weight loss during phototherapy. There was significant difference in the weight loss in the three groups, the more weight loss in breast - fed neonates than mixed - fed and formula - fed neonates. Conclusion and recommendations : Phototherapy had effectively reduced bilirubin levels in breast - fed newborns with hyperbilirubinemia, but these patients showed a significantly slower response to this modality of treatment than mixed and formula - fed newborns. Therefore; in breast - fed infants with severe jaundice that requires phototherapy, the addition of formula - feeding will enhance the response to phototherapy without any interruption of breastfeeding.

كثافة معدن العظم لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمرض التصلب المجموعي == Bone Mineral Density in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Author name: حسين جفات هايت
Supervisor name: محمد هادي العصامي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Back ground : Systemic sclerosis is a chronic connective tissue disease.Low bone mineral density may be one of the complications that occur inpatients with this disease due to disease chronicity and the presence ofmultiple secondary risk factors for osteoporosis.Objective : to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in patients withsystemic sclerosis and to determine associated risk factors.Methods : In this case - control study, a 37 patients with systemic sclerosisand 61 ages - and sex - matched healthy controls were included. Allpatients had to fulfill the American College of Rheumatology criteria1980 or the American College of Rheumatology/European LeagueAgainst Rheumatism for the classification of systemic sclerosis 2013 toestablish the diagnosis. Exclusion criteria include any other chronic orconnective tissue diseases, all patients who have been on steroids,medications for treating osteoporosis, or other therapies that couldinfluence bone metabolism.Clinical examination was carried out to determine the diseasesubtypes according to skin involvement (limited and diffuse SSc), andpatients were assessed clinically and functionally with Health AssessmentQuestionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ - DI). BMD was measured atlumbar spine (L1 - L4) and the femoral neck .The measurement wasperformed using the dual energy X - ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine(Stratus). The results expressed in gm/cm2, and then compared accordingto age, and body mass index (BMI), disease duration, disease subtype(limited and diffuse) and to menopausal state.Results : The mean age of cases and controls was 37.5 ±9.4 and 38.2 ±7.4years old respectively, small proportion of males in patients and controlgroups (10.8% and 16.4% respectively),20 patients (54.1%) had limitedVIItype and 17 patients had diffuse type, 24.3% of cases with long diseaseduration (> 10 years) while18.9% with a short duration (<5years) and themajority 56.8% within 5 - 10 years. Osteoporosis was detected assignificant in lumbar spine (p=0.003) and in femoral neck (P = ˂ 0.001)with the T - score, also with Z - score was (P =0.007 and P =0.004respectively). Factors such as disability and severity of organinvolvement (HAQ - DI), age, menopausal status and BMI showcorrelation with BMD value, but the correlation did not reach astatistically significant level. No important or statistically significantassociation between BMD and the disease patterns, or treatment used(cyclophosphamide, mycophenilate and azathioprine).Conclusions : the BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine wassignificantly lower in patients with systemic sclerosis than in the healthycontrol.

قيمة تتبع للرقطي الطولي في الكشف عن الخلل الانقباضي للبطين الايسر لمرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم مع مقياس الجزء الانقباضي الطبيعي == The Value of Speckle - Tracking Strain Echocardiography For Detection of Subclinical Left Ventricle Systolic Dysfunction In Hypertensive Patients With Normal Ejection Fraction

Author name: بان صباح نوري
Supervisor name: حسن علي الفرحان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Echocardiography
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Internal Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the world and can cause many structural and functional cardiac abnormalities. One of these changes is left ventricular systolic dysfunction which may not be detected by conventional echocardiographic parameters and need to use a new modality of two dimensional speckle tracking strain for early detection and improvement of prognosis Objectives : Assessment of left ventricle systolic function in hypertensive patients with normal ejection fraction using two dimensional speckle - tracking stain and its role as early predictor of subclinical dysfunction Patients and methods : This was a comparative observational study of two groups of individuals : (100)hypertensive patients and (50) normotensive subjects were enrolled in the study which take place at Ibn Al - Bittar Teaching Hospital from September 2015 to August 2016. Both the conventional echocardiographic parameters (ejection fraction, left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness, diastolic function and mitral annular plane systolic excursion) and speckle tacking longitudinal strain done for the patients. Results : Hypertensive patients with mean age (53.6 ± 5.37), males were (56%) and females were (44%),two dimensional speckle strain showed no significant differences between normotensive ( - 21.1 ± 2.5%) and hypertensive ( - 19.2 ± 3.9%) groups.Applying Cut off value of ( - 17.5%), it was found that 21% of hypertensive patient were present with undetected left ventricular systolic dysfunction even with preserved ejection fraction Global longitudinal strain was reduced significantly in those with concentric left ventricle hypertrophy ( - 18.2 ± 3.5%, p value=0.02),elevated in left ventricular end diastolic pressure ( - 14.8 ± 1.6% , p - value= 0.002) and reduced mitral annular plane systolic excursion ( - 14.8 ± 1.6%, p - value=0.008) Conclusion : Speckle tracking stain is a useful tool in the early detection of subtle left ventricular systolic dysfunction in a group of hypertensive patients with preserved ejection fraction and in whom more aggressive interventions could have a significant impact on prognosis.

المقارنة بين مؤشر اداء عضلة القلب بطريقة الدوبلر الموجي النابض مع مؤشر اداء عضلة القلب بطريقة الدوبلر النسيجي لصدى القلب لمرضى الاختلال الوظيفي الانقباضي للبطين الايسر == Comparison Between Pulsed - Wave Doppler Derived Myocardial Performance Index with Tissue - Doppler Tie index in patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Author name: اسيل اقبال سعيد
Supervisor name: حسن علي الفرحان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Echocardiography
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine - Internal Medicine Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : MPI is one of the methods used to assess global cardiac function, the Calculation of MPI using TDI may have advantages over conventional left ventricle inflow/outflow tract pulsed - wave Doppler (PWD) method that might be due to heart rariability; for example, all of the data needed for TDI - MPI calculation can be derived from one single cardiac cycle, whereas with PWD at least two different cycles are needed. Thus, heart rate variability does not interfere with TDI - MPI.Aim : Myocardial performance index (MPI) is usually measured with pulsed wave Doppler (PWD). Our aim was to compare this method with TDI - MPI in patients with LV systolic dysfunction and to assess the degree of agreement between PWD and a method based on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).Patients and methods : Sixty - five patients with LV systolic dysfunction EF by Simpson method (38.6 ± 5.8) and 35 control subjects (with normal LV systolic function and diastole) EF (67.6 ± 2.8) underwent measurement of time intervals and MPI with PWD and pulsed TDI at septal, lateral, anterior, inferior sides of mitral annulus.Results : The agreement was moderate between two methods {Agreement = 46.7% Repeatability (for alpha = 0.05) = 0.609 (NS)}.Receiver operating characteristic curves showed very high accuracy for both methods to discriminate patients with LV systolic dysfunction from healthy subjects; the optimal cutoff point was different and specific to each method : 0.44 for the conventional method and 0.56 for the TDI - MPI method.TDI - MPI values were higher than conventional MPI values in both groups (55% ± 1% vs 44% ± 3%, P < 0.001 in the healthy subjects; 88% ± 23% vs 61% ± 16%, P <0.001 in the patients with HF).Conclusion : We performed a study in healthy adults and in patients with congestive heart failure to investigate the clinical agreement between MPI measured conventionally and by PW - TD of the mitral annulus. We found moderate agreement between MPI measured by the conventional method and by TDI.Both methods had high diagnostic accuracy for detection of systolic dysfunction and TDI - MPI was more sensitive

كفاءة استعمال الشريط العلاجي لعلاج الفصال العظمي في مفصل الركبة دراسة عشوائية مسيطر عليها == Efficacy of Knee Tape in Management of Knee Osteoarthritis : Randomized Controlled Trail

Author name: رشا كاظم حسوني
Supervisor name: سامي سلمان شهاب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine - Internal Medicine Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الفصال العظمي هو اضطراب تنكسي مزمن متعدد الاسباب ، يمتاز باضمحلال الغضروف المفصلي. الفصال العظمي هو سبب رئيسي للالم والاعاقه عند كبار السن على نطاق عالمي . في غضون ذلك تم احراز تقدم محدود باتجاه علاج المرض,معالجة الاعراض هو الركن الاساسي في العلاج. من المهم توفيرعلاجات بسيطه وغير مكلفه التي تزيد من تشكيلة الخيارات للمرضى.الهدف : لفحص تاثير استخدام الشريط العلاجي للركبه في تحسين الالم ، والوظيفة البدنية في مرضى الفصال العظمي للركبة وان الفائده تستمر حتى بعد ايقاف العلاج.المرضى والطرق : الدراسة هي عشوائية متحكم بها, شملت 170 مريضا والذين يعانون مرض فصال الركبة الاولي حسب الكلية الامريكية لامراض المفاصل.تم توزيعهم عشوائيا على ثلاثة مجاميع .تلقت المجموعة الاولى الشريط العلاجي , وتلقت المجموعة الثانية الشريط المتحكم به,وجموعة بدون شريط. كان المقياس لمدى الفعالية للعلاج هو التغير الحاصل في مؤشر فصال العظام لجامعات ماكماستر واونتاريو الغربية (وماك ) (WOMAC ) شاملا الالم، التيبس والوظيفة البدنية.النتائج : وجدت الدراسة ان هناك انخفاضا واضحا ذو دلالة احصائيه في مؤشر الالم ,التيبس ,الوظيفة البدنية عند الزيارة الثانية (3اسابيع من النظام العلاجي) في مجموعة الشريط العلاجي والشريط المتحكم به هو اكبر مما هو بالنسبه لمجوعه بدون شريط.لوحظ عند الزيارة الثالثة بعد مرور 3 اسابيع على قطع العلاج ان مؤشرات الالم ،التيبس ، الوظيفة بقيت تقريبا مقاربه للزياره الثانيه لدى مرضى المجموعة الاولى بينما كان النقصان طفيف في المجموعة الثانية .الفائده للشريط امتدت لثلاثة اسابيع بعد توقف العلاج. الاستنتاجات : الشريط العلاجي كانت طريقه فعالة في تحسين الاعراض لدى مرضى الفصال العظمي لمفصل الركبة فيما يتعلق بالالم، التيبس | Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of multifactorial etiology described by loss of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of pain and disability in elderly people worldwide. Meanwhile limited progress has been made towards curing the disease, management of symptoms is the mainstay of treatment. Simple, inexpensive treatments that increase the range of options for patients with the disease are necessary.Aim of the studyTo test the suggestions that therapeutic taping of the knee improves pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and that benefits remain after stopping treatment.Patients and methodsA randomized, control study included 170 patients were diagnosed to have knee OA according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for classification of (KOA).Patients were randomly allocated to receive e either therapeutic tape, control tape, or no tape. The efficacy outcome measure was the change in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) including the pain, stiffness and physical function subscales.ResultsSignificant reduction in the pain, stiffness , physical function in the 2nd visit (after 3 weeks of treatment regimen) (P<0.001) in tape group and control group (p=0.003) than no tape group (p=0.056).At the third visit 3weeks after cessation of treatment these scores remain to approximate the 2nd visit value in tape group , while slightly decreased in control group. Benefits of therapeutic tape were maintained three weeks after stopping treatment.ConclusionTherapeutic knee taping is an efficacious treatment for the management of pain and disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis

العلاقة بين النتائج السريرية ونتائج التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي في عينة من المرضى العراقيين الذين لديهم تدلي القرص بين الفقرات القطنية == Correlation Between Clinical Finding And Magnetic Resonance Imaging In a sample of Iraqi patients with Lumbar Disc Prolapse

Author name: نورس نوري كعيد
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري | ليث احمد خلف
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of General Surgery
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Lumbar disc prolapse is one of the common causes of low back pain seen in the working population. There are contradictory reports regarding the clinical significance of various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings observed in these patients.Objective : To find out the correlation of clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in determining the level of lumbar disc herniation.Patients and Methods : This study was conducted in department of radiology Baghdad teaching hospital from15thaugust 2013 to 15th august 2014 , the total number of patients with prolapse intervertebral disc was 100, the clinical level of disc herniation was determined depending on clinical findings (dermatomal distribution, pin - prick test , SLR Test , knee reflex And Ankle reflex ) and correlated with MRI findings (direction and location of disc herniation and nerve root compression).For both data entry and data analysis Statistical package for social science version 18 (SPSS18) was used. P - value of < 0.05 considered significant.11AbstractResults : Total 100 patients were studied during the12 months period. Out of 100 patient (52%) were male while (48%)were female. Age range was from 17 - 70 years, mean age was 38.9 ±11.4 .Maximum patients were in the age group range from17 - 34 (37%) followed by 35 - 45 years (33%).The duration of symptoms was ranging from 2 months to 2 years. The duration of symptoms was less than 1 year in 57% of patients and while 43% in 1 - 2 years group. The average duration in female patients was 1.1 years and in male patients was 11.23 monthon MRI the commonest nerve compression grade was grade 1 (contact) , when we comparing clinical test grade with nerve compression grade it was found that clinical test grade show very strong association with nerve compression grade .on MRI most disc herniation direction was posterolateral (61%)and (39%)central direction , when we test if there is association between the direction of disc herniation and whether there is nerve root compression we found strong relationship with p - value equal 0.003 .The level of disc herniation was determined on clinical basis as well as on MRI. These findings were compared and correlated for single level disc like L4 - L5 and L5 - S1 and for multiple levels. We found out the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of clinical features and applied chi square test.In case of L4 - L5 level disc herniation, the sensitivity of all clinical features was 70.5% and positive predictive value was 80%, while the specificity was12Abstract62.5% and negative predictive value was 50%. The chi square value was significant with P value of 0.001.In case of L5 - S1 level disc herniation, the sensitivity and specificity of clinical features as a whole were 71.7% and 62% respectively. The positive predictive value was 55% and negative predictive value was 77.5% with significant chi square test of P value of 0.001.In case of L4 - L5 &L5 - S1 levels disc herniations the sensitivity and specificity of clinical features as a whole were 43% and 91.05% respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 27% and 95.5% respectively with significant chi square test of P value of 0.028.Conclusion : This study shows that the lower lumbar discs are affected more than other disc site. In addition, there are strong association between nerve compression grade with severity of symptoms and signs so as the grade increase so also symptoms and signs increase.Also we found strong relationship between the direction of herniation and nerve root compression, so the posterolateral herniation direction compress root more often than central one .Finally, the clinical features should be correlated with MRI findings in determining the level of disc herniation. There is excellent correlation between the clinical features and MRI findings in case of single and multiple level disc herniation, when it is lying posterolaterally at L4 - L5 level or L5 - S1 level.

دراسة فاعلية وسلامة ومعلمات التنبؤ للاستجابة لعقار الريتوكسيماب في علاج المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي النشط == Efficacy, Safety and Predictors of Response To Rituximab in Treatment of Iraqi Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author name: سارة طارق عبد العزيز
Supervisor name: سامي سلمان شهاب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: دراسة فاعلية وسلامة ومعلمات التنبؤ للاستجابة لعقار الريتوكسيماب في المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي النشططريقة البحثتمت دراسة 65 مريضا عراقيا خلال فترة 12 شهرا وتم استخدام طريقة معايير الكلية الامريكية لامراض الروماتزم لتصنيف التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي النشط لتشخيص المرض ACR. اعطي كل المرضى 4 جرعات ريتوكسيماب في الوريد على مدى 6 اشهر 1غرام/ الجرعة. وتمت متابعة كل مريض في كل زيارة لتقييم نشاط المرض بما في ذلك مؤشر الامراض السريرية اخر (CDAI) والدرجة الوظيفية(FC). كما تم تقييم 9 من الخصائص المختلفة للمرضى (العمر، الجنس، مدة المرض، ووجود عامل الروماتويد، ووجود ACPA، حالة التدخين، واستخدام السابق لblocker TNF ، واستخدام الميثوتريكسيت ومؤشر كتلة الجسم) كعلامات تنبئ محتملة لاستجابتهم لعقار الريتوكسيماب.النتائج : واظهر تحليل البيانات تحسنا ملحوظا في نشاط المرض CDAI) (P = 0.005))والعجز الوظيفي (P = 0.001)، ومستوى الهيموغلوبين (p=0.005) وESR p=0.005)) مع استخدام ريتوكسيماب اكثر من 6 اشهر. واظهر التحليل ايضا ان التدخين له علاقة سلبية مع الاستجابة للعلاج (p=0.005). واعتبر استجابة افضل في مجموعة المرضى الحاملين للعامل الرماتويدي في الدم.و كانت المتغيرات الاخرى ليس لها اثار على الاستجابة للعلاج.مجموعة المرضى الذين تحولوا من TNF - blocker للريتوكسيماب كانت (29)، وكانت مجموعة المرضى الذين بداؤ علاج الريتوكسيماب (36) (اما بسبب وجود التدرن لديهم(موجب للPPD ) او عدم توفر العلاجات البايولوجية الاخرى. وتظهر النتائج نفس فاعلية الريتوكسيماب في كلا المجموعتين (P> 0.05).الاستنتاج : 1.الريتوكسيماب علاج فعال سواء سريريا، وظيفيا ومختبريا وامن في علاج المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي النشط. 2.التدخين له علاقة سلبية مع الاستجابة للعلاج.3. الاستجابة افضل في مجموعة المرضى ذووي العامل الروماتويدي الموجب في الدم. | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic disease that primarily targets the synovium, leading to synovial inflammation and proliferation, loss of articular cartilage, and erosion of juxtarticular bone. The natural history of the disease is one of progressive joint damage and deformity and, in a minority, the development of extra - articular manifestations, and premature death. RA follows a disease course of remissions and exacerbations. Rituximab (RTX) is an anti - CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody which effectively deplete B cells and is used for treating rheumatoid arthritis.Objectives Aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in Iraqi patients with active RA and to assess the predictors of response to RTX in treatment of Iraqi patients with active RA.Patients and methods An open labeled single group longitudinal study that was conducted over 13 months on 65 patients with RA diagnosed according to 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. All patients were given 4 doses RTX by intravenous infusion over 6 months 1gm/dose. Each patient was followed at each visit for disease activity including Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and functional class (F Class). Also we assess 9 different patients’ characteristics (age, gender, disease duration, the presence of RF, presence of ACPA, smoking status, previous use of TNF - blocker, the use of methotrexate and BMI) as predictors to RTX .Results : Data analysis showed significant improvement in disease activity (CDAI) (P=0.005) and functional disability (P=0.001), Hb level (p= 0.005) and ESR (P=0.005) with RTX use over 6 months. The analysis also showed that smoking has a negative correlation with response to treatment (p= 0.005). Better response was seen in RF positive group. The other variables had no effects on the response to treatment. The patients who switched from TNF - blocker were (29), the patients who started on RTX were 36 (either due to positive PPD or unavailability of either due to positive Purified Protein Derivative of tuberculin test PPD or TNF - blocker ), result show same RTX efficacy in both groups.Conclusion : * RTX is effective both clinically CDAI (0.005), functionally F Class (0.005) and in lab. measures (ESR (0.005)) . * It is more effective in patients who are not smokers (0.005). * RXT was more effective in those who are seropositive for RF. * RTX safe with few side effects, tolerable by most patients. Most common side effect is transfusion reaction in form of sore throat (17 pt.) * Hb. Level increased significantly with the treatment (p= 0.005

التاثيرات النفسية والاجتماعية للزواج المبكر لدى اليافعات في واسط 2017 == Psychosocial Effects of Early Marriage on Adolescent Married Girls in Wasit - Iraq, 2017

Author name: زينب بلاسم حمزة
Supervisor name: جواد كاظم الديوان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Family Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

المقارنة بين المفراس الحلزوني باستخدام الصبغة والمشاهدات الجراحية في تشخيص اورام البنكرياس == Correlation of computed tomography angiographic findings and surgical findings in patients with pancreatic tumour

Author name: سندس صباح عبد الله
Supervisor name: مظفر بالي مهدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : سرطان البنكرياس هو ورم قاتل يظهر كسرطان منتشر او موضعيا محليا في كثير من المرضى. وتشير التقديرات الى ان حوالي 20٪ - 25٪ فقط من المرضى لديهم سرطان يحتمل ان يكون قابل للرفع. ورم البنكرياس هو السبب الرابع الاكثر شيوعا للوفاة من السرطان في الولايات المتحدة. معدل البقاء على قيد الحياة ل 5 سنوات اقل من 5٪. حوالي 60٪ من الاورام تقع في راس البنكرياس، 15٪ في الجسم، 5٪ في الذيل، في حين ان 20٪ منتشرة داخل البنكرياسالهدف من الدراسة : لتقييم قابلية فحص الاشعة المقطعية بتصوير الاوعية بتحديد ورم البنكرياس القابل للرفع جراحياالمرضى والطريقة : دراسة مقطعية اجريت في مستشفى الجهاز الهظمي والكبد التعليمي في مجمع مدينة الطب للفترة من 1 يناير 2017 وحتى نهاية يوليو 2017. تم تسجيل 43 مريضا في الدراسة الحالية (29 من الذكور و14 من الاناث) مع نسبة الذكور الى الاناث من (2 : 1). كان متوسط الفئة العمرية 66.4 ± 9.3 سنواتالنتائج. اكثر الاماكن شيوعا لاورام البنكرياس هو منطقة راس البنكرياس 29 (67.4٪)، 33 (76.7٪) من المرضى الذين يعانون من ورم البنكرياس لديهم ورم لا يمكن ان يرفع بالجراحة، وكانت نتائج صحة فحص الاشعة المقطعية بتصوير الاوعية فيما يتعلق بالجراحة كالاتي : حساسية الفحص (70.0٪)، خصوصية الفحص (91.0٪)، القيمة التنبؤية الموجبة (70.0٪)، القيمة التنبؤية السالبة (91.0٪) والدقة (86٪).الاستنتاج والتوصية : فحص الاشعة المقطعية بتصوير الاوعية هو اداة فعالة قبل الجراحة لتقييم قابلية رفع الورم مع دقة جيدة لقابلية عموما في اورام البنكرياس. يجب ان يستخدم فحص الاشعة المقطعية بتصوير الاوعية على نطاق واسع في المرضى الذين يعانون من ورم البنكرياس لتقييم ما قبل الجراحة. | Background : Pancreatic cancer is a lethal tumor presenting as a locally advanced or metastatic cancer in many patients. It is estimated that only about 20% - 25% of patients have a potentially resectable cancer. Pancreatic tumour is the fourth most common cause of death from cancer in the United States. The survival rate at 5 years is less than 5%. About 60% of tumors are located in the head of the pancreas, 15% in the body, 5% in the tail, while 20% are diffuse within the pancreas. Aim of the study : To assess the resectibility of pancreatic tumor by using CTA preoperatively. Patients and method : A cross sectional study carried out in Gastro - intestinal and hepatology teaching hospital in Baghdad Medical city for period from 1st of Jan, 2017 to end of Jul. 2017, on 43 patients (29 were male and 14 were female) with male to female ratio of (2 : 1). the mean age group was 66.4±9.3 years.Results : Most common site of the pancreatic tumors were involving the pancreatic head and uncinate process 29(67.4%), 33 (76.7%) of the patients with pancreatic tumor have unresectable tumor, and the most common site of unresctability was the head of pancreas 23(70%) the validity results of CTA regarding to the surgery were sensitivity (70.0%), specificity (91.0%), +ve predictive value (70.0%), - ve predictive value (91.0%) and accuracy (86%).Conclusion and recommendation : CTA is an effective preoperatively tool for assessing resectability with good accuracy for overall resectability in pancreatic tumors. CTA must be used widely in patients with pancreatic tumor for pre - operative assessment.

تقييم قطر غلاف العصب البصري بالموجات فوق الصوتية عند ارتفاع ضغط الدماغ == Sonographic assessment of optic nerve sheath diameter in detection of raised intracranial pressure

Author name: نور عدي عبد الحميد
Supervisor name: خليل ابراهيم محسن
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ارتفاع ضغط الدم داخل الجمجمة هو حالة خطيرة تتطلب حذرا في النهج والادارة، ويعتبرقياس قطر غمد العصب البصري بواسطة جهاز الموجات فوق الصوتية من خلال محجر العين هو علامة دالة موثوقة للكشف عن اثار ارتفاع ضغط الدماغ داخل الجمجمة .الاهداف من الدراسة : 1) اظهار دقة فحص الموجات فوق الصوتية من خلال محجر العين في الكشف عن ارتفاع ضغط السائل السحائي داخل الجمجمة .2) تقييم العلاقة بين قطر غلاف العصب البصري وارتفاع الضغط الدماغ والتحقق من استخدام عتبة القطر من 5 ملم تقاس بواسطة جهاز الامواج فوق الصوتية لغرض الكشف المبكر عن ارتفاع ضغط السائل السحائي داخل الجمجمةطريقة البحث : اجريت دراسة استطلاعية في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي / عيادة الاعصاب خلال الفترة من يونيو 2016 الى مايو 2017 والتي تم فيها جمع 40 شخص طبيعي و40 مريض من الذين يشكون من اعراض ارتفاع الضغط داخل الجمجمة ويعتقد ان لديهم تورم في القرص البصري من خلال فحصهم بمنظار العين .و لقد تم فحص المرضى عن طريق الموجات فوق الصوتية من خلال محجر العين لقياس قطرالعصب البصري ومن ثم يتم اخضاعهم لعملية سحب السائل السحائي من المنطقة الظهرية القطنية.النتائج : من خلال استخدام اختبار الارتباط بيرسون،وجدت علاقه قويه بين قطر غمد العصب البصري المفحوص بواسطه الموجات فوق الصوتيه وقياس البزل القطني. (????> 0.9) و(قيمة P <0.001) واظهرت الموجات فوق الصوتية قدره تحسسيه عالية (91.6% مع خصوصية(75%)ودقة عالية (90.0% ) في قياس قطر غمد العصب البصري مع اعتبار الحد الادنى لقياس قطر غمد العصب البصري 5 ملم والتي تم الحصول عليها من خلال فحص 40 شخص طبيعي. اظهرت الموجات فوق الصوتية الصفه الهلاليه وانتفاخ الجزء الامامي من العصب البصري بتحسس اقل من قطر غمد العصب البصري (61.1% و41.6% على التوالي) ولكن مع خصوصيه عالية جدا (100%). الاستنتاجات : تقييم العصب البصري بواسطة الموجات فوق الصوتية من خلال محجر العين دقيق للغاية ويؤدى بسهولة ويمكن استخدامه لغرض تشخيص ارتفاع ضغط الدماغ ,يمكن الاستفاده منه لغرض فحص المرضى الذين لايمكن اجراء سحب السائل السحائي من المنطقة الظهرية ممكنا بسبب عدم توفره او عدم تحمل حاله المريض اجراء الفحص ,مثل المرضى الراقدين بالعنايه المركزه او شعبه الطوارئ | Background : Raised intracranial pressure is a serious condition require careful approach and management, the measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter by transorbital ultrasound is a reliable sonographic marker for detection of raised intracranial pressure.Aim of the study : 1 - To demonstrate the accuracy of transorbital ultrasound in detection of raised intracranial pressure.2 - To evaluate the association between ONSD and raised ICP and to validate the use of ONSD threshold of 5 mm measured by US in early detection of intracranial hypertension.Patients and method : A prospective study was carried in Baghdad teaching hospital / neurology clinic during a period from the June 2016 to May 2017 in which 40 controls and 40 patients complaining of symptoms of raised intracranial pressure and suggesting to have optic disc swelling by ophthalmoscope were included in this study. All the patients were examined by transorbital ultrasound to measure the optic nerve sheath diameter and then underwent lumbar puncture.Results : Pearson’s correlations test was used, demonstrating very high significant correlation between the ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter and the measures of lumbar puncture (???? > 0.9) and (p value < 0.001) . Transorbital ultrasound yielded high sensitivity (91.6 %) with modest specificity (75.0 %) and high accuracy (90.0%) of optic nerve sheath diameter considering the cut off normal value of 5 mm obtained from 40 controls. Ultrasound also showing crescent sign and optic disc bulging with lower sensitivity than optic nerve sheath diameter (61.1 % and 41.6% respectively) but with very high specificity (100 %) .Conclusion : Optic nerve assessment by transorbital ultrasonography is highly accurate easily performed and non - invasive procedure for detection of raised ICP. Routine ONSD daily monitoring could be of help in Intensive Care Units and emergency room when invasive intracranial pressure monitoring is not available or contraindicated, in early recognition of intracranial hypertension

مصل مستضد سرطان 125 ومصل بروتين "سي" الفعال ومولد الليفين في بلازما الدم عند النساء الحوامل المصابات بطليعه الارتجاج == CA - 125, plasma fibrinogen and C - reactive protein in correlation with severity of preeclampsia

Author name: رشا خضير عباس
Supervisor name: وسن وجدي ابراهيم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : ارتفاع ضغط الدم هو من بين الاضطرابات الصحية الاكثر شيوعا اثناء الحمل ومعدل ارتفاع ضغط الدم يتراوح من 5٪ الى 6٪ لجميع انواع الحمل. وكان هناك اختلاف تبايني كبير بين مصل مستضد سرطان 125 ومصل بروتين "سي" الفعال ومولد الليفين في بلازما الدم مع شدة طليعة الارتجاج .الهدف من الدراسة : وكان الهدف من هذه الدراسة الى تحديد مستوى مصل مستضد سرطان 125 ومصل بروتين "سي" الفعال ومولد الليفين في بلازما الدم عند النساء الحوامل المصابات بطليعة الارتجاج وارتباطهم بشدة المرض. مكان الدراسة : قسم النسائية والتوليد - مستشفى بغداد / مدينه الطب. نوع الدراسة : دراسة حالة رقابية.وقت الدراسة : ابتداءا من شهر 1/كانون الثاني 2015 الى 1/حزيران 2015 تصميم الدراسة : دراسة تضمنت 140 امراة حامل. (35) امراة حامل مصابة بطليعة الارتجاج الشديدة.(35) امراة حامل مصابة بطليعة الارتجاج المتوسطة.(70) امراة حامل كمجموعة مقارنة. تتراوح اعمار حملهن مابين 28 - 40 اسبوعا واخضعت تلك الحوامل لفحص مصل مستضد سرطان 125 ومصل بروتين "سي" ومولد الليفين في بلازما الدم ومعدل الضغط الشرياني في المجموعات الثلاثة.النتائج : وجدت مستويات مصل مستويات سرطان 125 ومصل بروتين "سي" الفعال ومولد الليفين في بلازما الدم في حالات طليعة الارتجاج المتوسطة والشديدة مرتفعة بشكل ملحوظ عن المجموعه القياسية.الاستنتاج : ثبت ان المستويات المصلية لكل من مستضد سرطان 125 وبروتين "سي" الفعال ومولد الليفين في بلازما الدم في حالات طليعة الارتجاج المتوسطة والشديدة وكانت مرتفعة وهذه المستويات المرتفعة مرتبطة بصورة ملحوظة مع شدة المرض | Back ground : Hypertension is among the most common medical disorders during pregnancy and the rate of hypertension ranges from 5% to 6% for all types of pregnancy. There was a significant difference between CA 125, plasma fibrinogen and C - reactive protein to the severity of PE.Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine the level of serum CA - 125, C - reactive protein and plasma fibrinogen in preeclampsia and their association with the severity of disease. Study design : A prospective - case control study. Setting : was carried out in the department of gynecology and obstetrics at Baghdad teaching hospital - medical city for a period from the 1st of January 2015 to 1st of June 2015.Patients & methods : One hundred forty women were included in this study; they were selected and divided into three groups : Group A : Thirty five (35) pregnant women with mild preeclampsia.Group B : Thirty five (35) pregnant women with severe preeclampsia.Both group A and B are selected according to the clinical signs, symptoms and investigations and admitted to obstetrics ward for evaluation.Group C : Control seventy (70) pregnant women, with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies.Women in group C were selected according to the maternal age and gestational age while attending to the antenatal care unit.Results : CA125, C - reactive protein and plasma fibrinogen levels in mild and severe preeclampsia patients were markedly higher than that of normal third trimester pregnant women.Conclusion : Serum cancer antigen - 125, Serum C - reactive protein and Serum plasma fibrinogen were significantly higher in preeclampsia groups in comparison to the control group and these increments was directly correlated with the severity of preeclampsia.

تقييم فائدة ايكو القلب في تشخيص عملية تغيير شكل البطين الايسر بين مرضى احتشاء عضلة القلب الحاد بالمقارنة مع فحص التتبع النقطي == Usefulness of traditional echocardiographic parameters in assessment of left ventricular function with comparison of speckle tracking in patients with normal ejection fraction early after acute myocardial infarction

Author name: باسم عباس مراد
Supervisor name: حامد الجنابي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Echocardiography
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعين جدوى ايكو القلب ثنائي الابعاد في تشخيص وتقيم تغيير شكل البطين الايسر وازدياد حجمه بعد احتشاء عضلة القلب الحاد مع المقارنة بالفحص الحديث ,التتبع النقطي.الاساليب والنتائجقمنا باجراء فحص ايكو القلب ثنائي الابعاد خلال فترة ثلاثة ايام من نوبة احتشاء عضلة القلب وخلال دخول المستشفى لستون مريض. وقد تم دراسة وعمل مقارنات مختلفة باستخدام عدة متغييرات سريرية ومختبرية بضمنها ايكو القلب ثنائي الابعاد واضافة فحص جديد وهو التتبع النقطي بالاضافة الى البيانات الاساسية الديموغرافية، كضغط الدم والنبض وقد ثبتت القيمة التشخيصة لمختلف معايير ايكو القلب التقليدية كحجم البطين الايسر والكسر القذفي في الكشف المبكر عن تغير شكل ووظيفة البطين الايسر. وقد وجد من هذه الدراسة ان اتساع حجم الاحتشاء القلبي كان له الاثر الاكبر في زيادة حجم البطين الايسر وقصور عمله الوظيفي. كما قمنا بدراسة فحص جديد وهو التتبع النقطي .ان هذا الاثر كان اكثر احتمالا للحدوث عند الاكبر سنا من المصابين وعند الذكور منهم, اضافة الى ان كمية العضلة المصابة وعلى الاخص الاحتشاء الذي يشتمل العضلة الامامية للقلب عما سواها من الجدران كان الاكثر تاثيرا على حجم البطين الايسر وتدهور عمله الوظيفي الاستنتاجاتكان لفحص ايكو القلب ثنائي الابعاد لمرضى الجلطة القلبية الحادة قيمة فعلية في تحديد الاشخاص الاكثر عرضة لمضاعفات الاحتشاء وعلى الاخص زيادة حجم البطين الايسر وتدهور عمله الوظيفي ووجدنا ان المعاير القديمة التي تكون ضمن الطبيعي لا تعكس المخاطر المستقبلية مثل التتبع النقطي. | The role of echocardiography in patients after acute myocardial infarction with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. The normal ejection fraction not reflected left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction, so we used other echocardiographic parameter which is the focus of this thesis. We investigated the influence of various traditional echocardiographic parameters on the process of left ventricular remodeling such as left ventricular and left atrial volumes , ejection fraction, wall motion score index, mitral regurgitation and diastolic dysfunction with used newly parameter, speckle tracking .Aims To investigate the usefulness of two - dimensional echocardiography for accurate evaluation of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute ST elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) according to recent parameter ,Speckle Tracking . Methods and results Two - dimensional echocardiography was performed within 3 days on a 60 patients admitted to the hospital with a first ST - elevation AMI. Several echocardiographic and clinical variables were reviewed . Baseline demographic data, blood pressure, and pulse were obtained. Different traditional echocardiographic parameters have been shown to provide diagnostic information, such as left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction, wall motion score index, mitral regurgitation and left atrial pressure . newly parameters used ,speckle tracking studied and different comparison done . Predictors of early LV remodeling were older age, male gender, history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, high leukocyte count, high admission blood glucose level, high wall motion score and anterior location myocardial infarction.Conclusions After acute ST - elevation myocardial infarction, early determination of the wall motion score index by two - dimensional echocardiography is useful for identifying patients at high risk for complications and to differentiate patients with and without development of LV remodeling accurately and early on the basis of wall motion score index as a measure of infarct size. A highly predictive variable with use of the speckle tracking

تقييم تغيرات جين Topoisomerase II alpha بواسطة التهجين الموضعي الصبغي وعلاقته بمستقبل الاستروجين ER ومستقبل البروجستيرون PR ومعلم ki - وher2/neu67 في سرطان الثدي عند الانسان == Evaluation of Topoisomerase II alpha Gene Alterations by Chromogenic in situ Hybridization in Correlation with ER, PR, HER2/neu, and Ki?67 in Human Breast Cancer

Author name: رشا عبد الرؤوف نعمة الصافي
Supervisor name: منال عدنان حبيب | ساهرة عبود علي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Tissue Diseases
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Breast cancer is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease,Characterized by dys - regulation of multiple cellular pathways anddifferent sensitivities and responses to treatment. There is high tendencythat all diagnosed breast cancers should be tested for her2/neu oncogeneamplification with an in situ hybridization tests for further evaluation ofan equivocal cases (2+) detected by immunostaining.Topoisomerase II alpha gene is located on chromosome 17 adjacent toher2/neu gene, and Topoisomerase II alpha gene is responsible for codingtopoisomerases enzymes that modulate the topology of DNA duringcellular proliferative process. Topoisomerase II alpha is a moleculartarget for some important anticancer drugs, including anthracyclines,which are the key chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of breastcancer.Fluorescent In situ hybridization is widely used technique in clinicaldiagnoses to identify oncogene amplification and chromosomaltranslocation in the cellular genome. Recently it was stated thatchromogenic in situ hybridization is regarded as a good alternative forfluorescent in Situ hybridization. Dual color - chromogenic in situhybridization combines the advantages of both FISH and CISH andallows the assessment of ratio of gene copy number to the chromosomalcentromere along with proper histopathological examination and the easeof bright - field microscopy.VIThe aim of the study is to evaluate Topoisomerase II alpha geneamplification and deletion by dual color chromogenic in situ hybridization in females with invasive breast cancer and to correlate Topoisomerase II alpha gene status with her2/neu, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and ki - 67 index and to detect the elation of Topoisomerase II alpha gene with clinico - pathological parameters like age, histological types, stage, grade and lymph node involvement in females with breast cancer.This study was done from July 2014 to February 2015. Females diagnosed to have invasive breast carcinoma reaching Oncology hospital in Baghdad Medical City were enrolled in the study. All females have been experienced modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance. Immunohistochemical study for Estrogen receptor; Progesterone receptor; Her2/neu and Ki67 were done for their tissue blocks. Patients with Her2/neu equivocal (score 2+) and strong positive her2/neu (score 3+) were selected forming seventy five cases. Dual color chromogenic in situ hybridization was done in central public health laboratory/Baghdad for all cases for evaluation of topoisomerase 2 alpha gene and for further evaluation of her/neu in equivocal cases. Just 53 cases were successfully hybridized and enrolled in the study by applying Her2/neu and Topoisomerase II alpha genes probes. There was no topoisomerase II alpha gene deletion. No significant statistical relationship between topoisomerase alpha gene amplification and age, histological types of breast cancer, stage and lymph nodes while the relation was significant with the grades of breast cancer in that the highest level of gene amplification was in grade III detected in 9 (64.3%) of cases.There was a significant negative relationship between topoisomerase II alpha gene and hormone receptors (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor) as the highest gene amplification was detected in hormone negative cases. The relation of topoisomerase II alpha gene with ki - 67 was not significant. After Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization study 12 (44.4%) out of 27 equivocal cases show her2/neu gene amplification as 4 (14.8%) cases and 8(29.6%) for high and low her2/neu gene amplification respectively.Accordingly the amplified cases of her2/neu gene were gathered with the strongly positive her2/neu cases from immunohistochemistry to form 38 (71.7%) out of 53 cases which representing the first group of total positive her2/neu cases out of total 53 cases. The second negative her2/neu group of 15 / 53 cases representing cases which were resulted from Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization study.The relation between topoisomerase II alpha gene and her2/neu gene was statistically significant in that 50% of her2/neu amplified cases show topoisomerase II alpha gene amplification (co - amplification). Thirty nine percent 39% of total positive 38 cases show Topoisomerase 2 alpha gene co - amplification, from these 11/ 28.9% cases show high level of amplification. .So a significant positive correlation of topoisomerase 2 alpha gene with her2/neu and its negative correlation with estrogen and progesterone receptors may indicate that it could be considered as a bad prognostic factor.

تطبيق تصنيف الاكياس المائية وفقا لصوتها في الامواج فوق الصوتية في الشعب العراقي == Application of Ultrasound Classification of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst in Iraqi Population

Author name: ايناس محمد سهيل العاني
Supervisor name: مظفر بالي مهدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in Iraq. Its classification is crucial for proper management. Aim of the study Applying ultrasound study in classifying hepatic hydatid cyst disease in Iraqi population, which is essential in treatment planning. Patient and method : A prospective study was conducted throughout the period from March 2017 to March 2018, in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital/ medical city/ Baghdad. A total 100 patients with a diagnosis of hydatid cyst by ultrasound were followed up after surgery and histopathology were proved hydatid cyst. Their age range was 10 - 79 years, female to male ratio 1.6 : 1.WHO - IWGE; WHO Informal Working Group Echinococcus classification), was used in this study.Results : Cystic Echinococcus class I was noticed in (35%), Cystic Echinococcus class II was noticed in (35%), Cystic Echinococcus class III was observed in (17%) , Cystic Echinococcus class IV was noticed in (7%) and Cystic Echinococcus class V was noticed in (6%).ConclusionCystic Echinococcus class I and Cystic Echi

حصيلة الولادة للنساء اللاتي اجرين عملية قيصرية واحدة سابقا في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي == Delivery outcome for patients with previous one caesarean section in Baghdad Teaching Hospital

Author name: رفاه خليل ابراهيم
Supervisor name: عفراء محجوب النداوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الدلالة السريرية للزيادة في كل من الاقراص الدموية والمستضاد السرطاني (125) كاداة تنبؤ بالاورام الخبيثة في الكتلة النسائية الحوضية == CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THROMBOCYTOSIS AND CA125 AS PREDICTOR OF MALIGNANCY IN GYNAECOLOGICAL PELVIC MASS

Author name: عبير مكي خليل
Supervisor name: نجمة محمود الخزعلي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الهدف من الدراسه : تحديد كل من الزيادة في عدد الصفائح الدموية (>450X 10 9 / مايكروليتر) ومستوى المستضاد السرطاني 125 (> 35 وحدة/مل) كادوات تنبؤية مفيدة لتاكيد خبثية الكتلة النسائية الحوضية.طريقة العمل : دراسه انية مستندة على حالات سريرية وحالات ضابطه غير متشابه اجريت على 110 امراة والتي تم تسجيلهم في هذه الدراسة ومقسمين الى مجموعتين ، 60 امراة وهي المجموعة الضابطه (خالين من الكتلة الحوضية) والتي اعتبرت كدواخل مختارة في الدراسة. في حين المجموعة الاخرى تضمنت 50 امراة فوق 15 سنة مع كتلة نسائية حوضية وقد خضعن الى عمليات جراحية استكشافية وباستخدم مختلف الطرق التسخيصية مثل الفحص السرير وتنقنيات التصوير بـ (الامواج فوق الصوتية والمفراس الحلوزني والرنين المغناطيسي) والفحوصات المختبرية (عدد الصفائح الدموية ، المستضاد السرطاني 125 والنسيج المرضي)وان بياناتهم قد خضت الى تحليل الاحصائي لمعرفة الحساسيه وفاصل الثقه والدقه والقيمه التنبئيه السالبه والموجبه .محل اجراء الدراسه : قسم النسائية والتوليد في مستفى بغداد التعليمي / كلية الطب - جامعة بغداد .النتائج : قد اختبر كل من المستضاد السرطاني 125 في الدم وعدد الصفائح الدموية لمعرفة مدى صدق استخدامهما كتحليل تنبؤي بتشخيص الخبيثة في الكتلة النسائية الحوضية وان كلا التحليلين اظهرا صدقا عاليا في التشخيص اذ كان مساحة استقبال خاصية التشغيل > 0.95 وقد اظهر المستضاد السرطاني 125 هامش الصدق الاعلى مساحة استقبال خاصية التشغيل > 0.017 .وان كلا مساحة استقبال خصائص التشغيل ROC كانا ذا ذلالة اعلى من 0.5 للمساحة المرتبطة باختبار الشك (الغموض).لقد كانت افضل قيمة قطعية لعدد الصفائح الدموية هي (≥ 385) وان كل الدراسات توصلت الى ان ان كل حالة مع عدد صفائح دموية (≥ 385) هي خبيثة بينما كل حالة تحت هذه القيمة القطعية هي سليمة او معافى.وان اختبار المستضاد السرطاني 125 في الدم يكون سالبا في اعلى حالات الحساسية (100%) للقيمة القطعية (27.1≥ ) والتي يجب ان يتم استثناء احتمالية تشخيصها كورم خبيث في مقابل اعتبارها حالة سليمة وموثوقة (100%) وان اعلى قيمة قطعية هي (≥ 41.7) والتي هي ايضا ذات موثوقية (100%) ولذلك فهي (100%) تمثل القيمة القطعية للتشخيص.الاستنتاج : ان ازدياد كلا عدد الكريات الدموية (≥385X10 9 / مايكروليتر) ومستوى المستضاد السرطاني 125 في الدم (≥ 41.7وحدة /مل) هما ادوات تنبؤ مفيدة لاثبات خبثية الكتلة النسائية الحوضية. | Objective : We attempted to determine the increasing of platelet counts (> 450.000 /microliter) and CA125 serum level (> 35 U/mL) as useful tools for predicting and confirming malignancy in gynaecological pelvic mass.Patients and methods : A prospective unmatched hospital based case - control study carried out about One hundred & ten women were enrolled in our study, divided into two group 60 women were control group (free of gynaecological pelvic mass) which were considered as “eligible entrants” into the study. Other group include 50 women above 15 years old with gynaecological pelvic mass were all candidate for laparotomy and using different diagnostic methods like clinical examination, imaging techniques (U/S, CT scan and MRI) and laboratory test (platelet count, CA125 and Histopathology). The data of those were subjected to statistical analysis (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, NPV and PPV) which calculated to considered if it is statistically significant or not. Setting : Obstetrics And Gynaecology Department At Baghdad Teaching Hospital / College Of Medicine - Baghdad University.Results : Serum CA125 and blood platelets count were tested for validity when used as a test to predict a diagnosis of malignancy in gynaecological pelvic mass differentiating it from benign gynaecological pelvic mass. Both tests showed a very high validity in diagnosis (ROC area >0.95), with serum CA125 showing a marginally higher validity (ROC area larger by 0.017 only). Both ROC areas were significantly higher than the 0.5 area associated with an equivocal test.Platelets counts had a perfect cut - off value of ≥385.000 All study subjects with a blood platelets count equal or greater than 385.000 were malignant, while everybody below this cut - off value was healthy.For serum CA125 testing negative at the highest sensitivity (100% sensitive) cut - off value of (≥ 27.1( would excluded a possible diagnosis of malignancy in favor of being healthy with 100% confidence. The optimum cut - off value is ≥41.7, which is also the 100% specific and thus 100% diagnostic cut - off value.Conclusion : Both blood platelet count (≥ 385 X 103microlitter) & serum level of CA125 (≥ 41.7 U/mL) are useful predictor tools to confirm malignancy in gynaecological pelvic mass

دراسة استعادية لنتائج تنظير القصبات والنتائج المختبرية في عينة من المرضى يعانون من نفث دموي == Bronchoscopic findings and Final diagnosis in sample of patients presented with Haemoptysis

Author name: رعد مطر شمران
Supervisor name: قاسم محمد سلطان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر نفث الدم من الاعراض المثيرة للقلق بين مرضى الجهاز التنفسي . ومع ذلك ، فانه من الاعراض غير المحددة ويمكن ان يحدث في كثير من الحالات السريرية المختلفة .ان تقشع كمية من الدم وان كانت قليلة نسبيا يمكن ان يكون مؤشرا لمرض خطير مثل سرطان القصبات الهوائية .تنظير القصبات ذي الالياف البصرية التشخيصي هو الاجراء الاستقصائي المختار الموصى به في الوقت الحالي.ان التقنيات القياسية المستخدمة عالميا في اقسام الجهاز التنفسي تشمل خزعة الشعب الهوائية ، غسل القصبات الهوائية ، غسيل الشعب الهوائية بواسطة فرشاة وغسيل الشعبة الهوائية السنخية .الهدف : اجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد نتائج تنظير القصبات وانواع الامراض في عينة من المرضى يعانون من نفث الدم .المرضى والطرق : شملت هذه الدراسة مجموعة من 53 مريضا يعانون من نفث الدم خضعوا لعملية تنظير القصبات المرنة وتم ارسال العينات الى الفحوصات الخلوية ، الامراض النسيجية ، والميكروبيولوجية.جميع هذه الحالات تم تشخيصها خلال الفترة من 1 اكتوبر 2010 الى 30 يونيو 2013. تم تحليل بيانات الحالات المسجلة من ( المركز الوطني للكشف المبكر عن اورام ) خلال الفترة المذكورة احصائيا بطريقة الدراسة الاستعاديةالنتائج : تضمنت هذه الدراسة 53 مريض يعانون من نفث الدم ، وكانت اعمار المرضى المسجلين تتراوح بين 19 - 87 عاما مع متوسط عمري 56.8 ± 15 سنة. كانت نسبة الذكور الى الاناث في هذه الدراسة 1 : 2,1. لوحظ بان نتائج تنظير القصبات من المرضى الخاضعين للدراسة طبيعية في (11.3 ٪ )و افرازات دموية في ( 41.6 ٪ ) وتضيق او انسداد في القصبات الهوائية ( 22.6 ٪ ) واحتقان او التهاب في الشعب الهوائية ( 22.6٪) وكتلة في ( 20.8 ٪ ) وافرازات قيحية كثيفة في (17 ٪ ) وافة داخل الشعب الهوائية في (13.2 ٪ ) وضغط خارجي على القصبات الهوائية في (7.6 ٪ ) وافرازات مخاطية في (7.6 ٪ ) والتليف الفحمي في ( 3.8 ٪ ) وانفراج جؤجؤ الرغامي في مريض واحد ( 1.9 ٪ ).كما كانت النتائج المجهرية لمرضى نفث الدم سرطان القصبات الهوائية في ( 54.7 ٪ ) والسل في( 7.5٪ ) ، وعدوى بكتيرية في (13.2 ٪ ) والعدوى الفطرية في ( 3.77 ٪ ) وتوسع القصبات في ( 5.66 ٪ ) وعدم وجود نتائج في (15.1 ٪ ).الاستنتاج : كانت نتائج تنظير القصبات الاكثر شيوعا هي افرازات دموية وانسداد الشعب الهوائية والكتلة.كانت النتائج المختبرية الاكثر شيوعا هي الاورام الخبيثة والعدوى البكتيرية السل وتوسع القصبات والعدوى الفطرية. | Haemoptysis is considered as an alarming symptom among the respiratory patients. However, it is a non - specific symptom and can occur in many different clinical conditions. Currently, diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy is recommended as the investigative procedure of choice.Objective : To determine the prevalence of bronchoscopic findings and the types of diseases in a sample of patients presented with haemoptysis.Patients and Methods : A total of 53 patients with haemoptysis were underwent a flexible bronchoscope were targeted by this study . All of their sample were sent for cytological , histopathological, and microbiological investigations.All of these patients diagnosed during a period from 1st of October 2010 to the 30th of June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed based on the data of the ( National Centre of early detection of Tumors)Results : A fifty three patients with hemoptysis were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 56.8±15.7 years and the range was 19 - 87 years. Male to female ratio in this study was 2.1 : 1.The bronchscopic findings of studied patients were bloody discharge in (41.6%) , bronchial narrowing and\or obstruction in (22.6%) , bronchial congestion and\or inflammation in (22.6%) , mass in (20.8%) , thick purulent discharge in (17%) , endo - bronchial growth in (13.2%) , normal in (11.3%), external compression of bronchus in (7.6%) , mucous discharge in (7.6%) , anthrocho fibrosis in (3.8%) and splaying of carina in one (1.9%) .Microscopic findings for hemoptysis patients revealed CA bronchus in (54.7%), no findings in (15.1%), bacterial infection in (13.2%), TB in (7.5%), bronchiectasis in (5.66%) , and fungal infection in (3.77%). Conclusion : The commonest bronchoscopic findings were bloody discharge, bronchial obstruction, and mass.The most common laboratory findings were malignancy, bacterial infection, TB, bronchiectasis, and fungal infection.

LEFT VENTICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION BY TISSUE DOPPLER IN PATIENT WITH TYPE TWO DIABETES MELLITUS

Author name: HAMZA O.JELED
Supervisor name: علي محمد حسين ال ياسين
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Heart
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Cardiovascular complications of diabetes are the main cause of mortality & morbidity in diabetic population. Asymptomatic Left venticular dysfunction is a common problem in this type of patients and require specific evaluation. Objectives : This study is designed to determine the frequency of LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes using conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging, and to evaluate the effect of different factors on this frequency. Methods : This study is a cross sectional study. It included 50 type 2 diabetics with negative cardiac history and 50 age and sex matched healthy control individuals. The sample of this study had been randomly selected from the patients attending the out patients clinic or admitted to the medical wards of Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from the 1st of January, 2012 to the 30th of June, 2012. Conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging had been performed on each patient. Results : This study revealed that diastolic dysfunction present in 16 patients (32% of the sample). Furthermore, none of the 3 patients who were younger than 40 year - old had diastolic dysfunction, compared to 7 out of 11 patients aging 60 year or older. It had been found that 11 out of 31 male patients and 5 out of 19 female patients had diastolic dysfunction, comprising 68.75% and 31.25% of those with diastolic dysfunction respectively. About 68.75% of the sample had diabetes for 5 years or more. this study showed that 13 out of 16 diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction had un controlled diabetes in form of HbA1c level of 7% or more with a mean HbA1c level of 8.2+2.4%,compared to a mean of about 6.8+3.1% which had been observed in the group of diabetics with normal diastolic function this study showed that none of the 2 patients who were average in their weight had abnormal diastolic function ,compared to 2 out of 3 patients who had morbid obesity it had been found that the mean body mass index was 29.7+2.4 kg /m in the group of patients with diastolic dysfunction while it was 26.2+3.1 kg/m in the group of patients with normal diastolic function. Conclusion : Diastolic dysfunction is relatively frequent problem in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics. There is direct relationship between the age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c level and body mass index and the risk of having diastolic dysfunction

نمط التسمم الكميائي بين الطلبات الاستشارية المقدمة للمركز الاستشاري للسموم العراقي : دراسة معتمدة على الملفات 2102 == Pattern of Chemical Poisoning among Consultation Requests to Poisoning Consultation Center, Iraq during the year 2012 : A record based study

Author name: منير طالب سلمان
Supervisor name: احمد سمير النعيمي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التغيب المرضي بين العمال في الشركة العامة للصناعات القطنية، بغداد، العراق 2013 == Sickness Absenteeism Among the Workers of State Company of Cotton Industries, Baghdad, Iraq - 3102

Author name: عبد الرحمن عمران ضاحي
Supervisor name: جواد كاظم الديوان
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : In Iraq, several workers pay attention to sickness absence.However, in the 1990s, the manufacturing sector had been severely hurt by the UN sanctions and has shrunk considerably as a result. Widespread violence and civil war affect Iraqi industry, research, administration of industry and medical services. Therefore, this work was carried out to throw a light on sickness absence in State Company for cotton industries in Baghdad.Methods : A total 200 workers was included in this study. They were selected randomly (systemic random sample). The sample size was determined by the time spent to review one record. Review of worker’s records in the administrative department in the state company for cotton industries during the years 2008 to 2012. A cross - sectional study is carried out. Documents of sickness absence in the administrative records from 1st Jan to 31 Dec each year were reviewed. Chi square was used to examine the association of sickness absence (dependent variable) with age, sex, duration of job and education (independent variables). Regression was used to study the trend of sickness absence during the studied years. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.Result : The rate of sickness absence was 81%. No significant difference in sickness absence between male and female workers. Age, education and duration of employment had no significant effect on sickness absence.Sickness absence was increasing with years. Production was not affected by sickness absence.Conclusion : surprisingly high rate of sickness absence was noticed with no effect of sex, age, education and duration of employment on sickness absence which in turn had no effect on production

تقييم فترة Tp - e ونسبة Tp - e/QT في المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي == Evaluation of Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author name: وسام ابراهيم محمد
Supervisor name: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Several studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp - e) may correspond to the transmural dispersion of repolarization and that increased Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio are associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias.Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate ventricular repolarization by using the Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess the relation with inflammation.Patients and methods : A case - control study includes Seventy patients (57 females, 13 male mean age 48.3±12.3years) with RA and 46 controls(39 females , 7males ; mean age , 46.8 ±13.1 years) were studied. From the 12 - lead electrocardiogram, Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio were measured. Blood samples were taken for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) .These parameters were compared between studied groups. The relationship between ventricular repolarization and inflammation was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients. Results : Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio were increased in RA patients compared to the controls (72.47 ±6.6vs 66.17 ±3.4ms, 0.19 ±0.01 vs 0.17±0.01; p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The Tp - e/QT ratio was also correlated with ESR(R=0.3, P=0.02) Conclusion : In RA patients, the increased frequency of ventricular arrhythmias may be explained by increased indexes of ventricular repolarization and their relationship with inflammation

ترداد المشيمة المتقدمة والنتائج الناجمة عنها في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي == The Frequency of Placenta Previa and its Outcome in Baghdad teaching Hospital

Author name: نضال عبد الرزاق حسين
Supervisor name: عفراء محجوب النداوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Placenta praevia is the implantation of the placenta partially or wholly in the lower segment of the uterus. It is graded in two ways, as either grade 1 - 4 or minor/major. It is a major cause of obstetrical hemorrhage which leads to increase in maternal morbidity & perinatal mortality, its incidence is still rising worldwide.Objectives : To determine the frequency and outcome of placenta previa at Baghdad teaching hospital Patients and methods : A prospective observational study was carried out during the period between 1st October 2013 and 31 January 2014 at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, medical city complex. During the study period, total number of deliveries was 4128, of them 2322 were delivered by cesarean section and 1806 were vaginal deliveries. Of all those, 92 pregnant ladies who had placenta previa diagnosed ultrasonographically& confirmed during cesarean delivery had placenta previa and were included. Pregnant ladies with normally situated placenta were excluded from the study. Data were collected through Detailed history taking, and clinical examinations of patients. Preparations and interventional procedures included cross matching of at least 6 pints of blood & preparation of fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate, Single course of antenatal corticosteroids was given. All cases in this study where delivered by ceserean section. All mothers were monitored for signs of complication like disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC during and after surgery and for post - partum hemorrhage. Official agreements and verbal consent of all women were obtained prior to participation. Statistical analysis performed by using the statistical package for social sciences and appropriate statistical tests were used with the aid of expert statician.Results : There were 92 women who had placenta previa out of 4128, and the proportion of placenta previa was 2.2%, The mean age of the studied group was 32.2 ± 5.9 (range : 20 - 44) years. More than half (56.3%) of the studied group were gravida 5 or more. Nulliparous were only 3 patients (3.3%). History of miscarriage was found in 23 patients (25%). One or more previous cesarean sections were found in 78 (84.8%) patients. At time of delivery 72 (78.3%) patients were at < 37 weeks of gestation and 20 patients (21.7%) were at ≥ 37 weeks. Cesarean sections were performed in 61 patients (66.3%).Caeserian hysterectomy was conducted in 31 patients (33.7%), internal artery ligation was performed in 7 patients (7.6%), uterine artery ligation in 5 patients (5.4%). Morbidly adherent placenta was the more frequent cause of hysterectomy in 18 patients represented (58.1%) and bleeding in 13 patients (41.9%). Conclusion : In the present study the incidence of placenta previa was increased with the advancing age, particularly > 35 years, the incidence of placenta previa was highest in the multiparous group than nulliparous and directly associated with parity and gravidity. Previous caesarean section was an important and significant risk factor and none of the cases died

نوعية الحياة صحيا لمرضى الانسداد الرئوي المزمن == Health - related Quality of Life of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients

Author name: علي اياد طارق
Supervisor name: عدنان الجبوري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common health problem, characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities.COPD usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases.Worldwide, COPD is also increasing as a cigarette smoking, the primary risk factor for COPD development, is increasing in prevalence throughout the world. It has a large impact on quality of life for patients and their families and kills millions of people worldwide yearly. .Study Objective : To assess the impact of COPD on health - related quality of life (HRQOL) of COPD patients.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional descriptive study assessed HRQOL of 60 stable COPD patients without significant comorbidity , not in acute severe exacerbation, were interviewed at chest consultant clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital by using 14 questions of CDC Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire between May 2017 and February 2018.Results : From 60 participants (80 % male, 20% female)&#34; all of them were cigarettes smokers (current 57%, ex - smoker 43%)&#34; about 62% of them said that their general health is poor with COPD and 95 % of them said they were limited in any way in their activities from the disease.Statically significant results (p

السرطان الرئوي : دراسة سريرية في مجمع مدينة الطب (2010 - 2014) == Lung Cancer : A Hospital Based Study

Author name: مهند عبد اللطيف
Supervisor name: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية الموضوع : سرطان الرئة هو السبب الاكثر شيوعا لحالات الوفاة.اذ تسبب بوفاة 1.4مليون سنويا. اذ يعتبر التدخين المسبب الرئيسي له. وكلمزاادت نسبة المدخنين ازدادت نسبة الحالات السرطانات الرئوية. وهناك خطر اخر ينحصر في التعرض الى استنشاق دخان المعادن الثقيلة والزرنيخ والاسبستوس. الهدف من الدراسة : الهدف من دراستنا هو دراسة سلوك السرطان الخلوي لحالات السرطان الرئوي في العراق. ودراسة العلاقة بين التدخين (نسبته وشدته) وانتشار حالات السرطان الرئوي.طرق الدراسة : تم احصاء 675 حالة تتعلق بالسرطان كان قد ادخلت المجمع خلال فترة خمسة سنوات من (2010 - 2014). وكانت فقط 500 حالة سرطانية رئوية مشخصة عن طريق الفحص الشعاعي للصدر والفحص المختبري الخلوي لكل من العينات كان قد اخذت من انسجة عن طريق الناظور القصبي او خزعة الغشاء الرئوي اوخزعة عملية الصدر المفتوح.النتائج : معظم المصابين من المرضى كانوا هم مدخنين وبنسبة (90%) وكان معظم هؤلاء المصابين من الرجال المدخنين. ومزاالت نسبة السرطان الحرشفي هي السائدة ونسبة (42%) يتبعه سرطان الغدي وبنسبة (26%) وسرطان الخلايا الصغيرة وبنسبة (17%) وسرطان الخلايا الكبيرة وبنسبة (10%).الاستنتاج : يعتبر مرض السرطان الرئوي من الامراض التي تحتاج الى وقفة جدية للنظر فيه وخصوصا وهو زيادة في نسبة الاصابات السنوية. شعاعيا كانت اصابات الجهى اليمنى في الرئة اكثر شيوعا. نحتاج الى الاعتماد على فحص الناظور القصبي وفحص خزعة الرئة عن طريق عملية الصدر المفتوح كونهما اكثر دقة وتفصيلا. | Background : Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. It's causing 1.4 million deaths per year. Tobacco is the major preventable cause. However the risk of lung cancer increased by asbestos, arsenic and heavy metal exposure.Aim of study : In our study we are looking of prevalence, incidence rates of lung cancer. Patients and Methods : A retrospective study, are deal with 675 case of Lung cancer were admitted to medical city complex hospitals over period of five years (2010 - 2014). Only 500 cases have been established to have lung cancer by one or more of investigation as : sputum cytology, bronchoscope, pleural study, and open lung biopsy.Results : The commonest lung cancer is Squamous cell cancer (40%) is still commonest type, followed by adenocarcinoma (26%), small cell lung cancer (17%) and the large cell Cancer (10%), carcinoid (5%), and anaplastic (2%). The great majority of the patients (90%) of 500 patients were smoker. The average annual incidence is about 100 patient/year. Conclusion : The lung cancer is serious medical problem with increasing incidence annually. The most important risk factor for all cell types carcinoma is smoking (90%).

العلاقة بين متلازمة الالم الليفي العضلي والعد الشائع لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين == Relationship Between Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Acne Vulgaris in a Sample of Iraqi Patients

Author name: داليا محمد جاسم
Supervisor name: محمد هادي العصامي | احسان علي الطرفي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disorder characterized by widespreadmuscles and bones pain, general fatigue, non - restorative sleep, cognitivedisturbance, mood disorder in addition to variable somatic symptoms.Acne vulgaris is a common multifactorial skin disease of adolescents withsignificant physical and psychological morbidity particularly anxiety anddepression.Aim of the study : To assess the relationship between fibromyalgia syndrome and its relatedsymptoms with acne vulgaris in a sample of Iraqi patients.Subjects and Methods : This case - control study was carried out from the first of October 2016 tothe end of May 2017. One hundred acne patients and one hundred age - and sexmatchedapparently healthy individuals were enrolled in the study.A special questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study was usedfor recording information from the patients and controls, which included : name, age, sex, employment, menstrual cycle, marital status and smoking.Additional information were collected from the patients including duration ofacne, drug history including local and systemic steroids and hormonal therapy.The 2012 Canadian Guidelines for diagnosis of fibromyalgia were used todiagnose FMS among patients and controls and acne severity was assessedusing Global Acne Grading System method.VIResults : This study showed that there was a three - folds increase in the risk ofdeveloping fibromyalgia syndrome among acne patients compared to normalindividuals (12% vs. 4%). Moreover, widespread pain, cognitive disturbanceand anxiety were significantly higher among acne patients compared to healthyindividuals. It was found that there was a four times increase in the risk ofhaving fibromyalgia syndrome with the increase in the duration of acne.Somatic symptoms such as muscle cramps, irritable bowel syndrome,altered bowel motion, gases and hair loss were significantly more frequentamong acne patients.Conclusion : This study had revealed that fibromyalgia syndrome was more commonin acne patients and increase with the increase in acne duration.

التشخيص المتاخر وارتباطه بالنتائج السيئة والاستجابة الغير ملائمة للعلاج في المرضى المصابين بالتهاب الفقار اللاصق == Delayed Diagnosis is Linked to Worse Outcomes and Unfavourable Treatment Responses in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Author name: حيدر احمد نوري
Supervisor name: زياد شفيق الراوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affect the axial skeleton(spine and sacroiliac joints) , peripheral joints, enthesitis and specific organ involvement such as anterior uveitis, aortic valve disease. The hall mark of AS is inflammatory back pain associated with radiographic sacroiliitis and often spondylitis.Objective : This study was conducted to evaluate the period from symptom onset to diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Iraqi patients and the effect of delayed diagnosis on response to treatment.Patients and Methods : A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Rheumatology Unit of Baghdad Teaching Hospital with a total of 108 consecutive patients with AS according to the modified New York criteria . Diagnostic delay was defined as the gap between the first spondylo - arthropathic symptom and diagnosis of AS,The patients ,then, were classified into early and late diagnosis groups based on the median interval of the diagnostic delay, and a comparison was done between both groups for multiple parameters before and after 3months of etanercept or infliximab therapy.Results : the average of disease duration was 12.8yrs(range1 - 29).the average of age at disease onset was 25 years(range12 - 46) and average of age at time of diagnosis was 32.9 years(range15 - 54). The average of diagnostic delay was 6.9 years(range1 - 25) and the median was 7 years, on that basis our patients classified into early diagnosed group (<7years) and delay diagnosed group(≥7years). Mechanical back pain was the most common diagnosis prior to AS and Patients without articular involvement experienced a significantly longer delay in diagnosis compared to patients with articular involvement (29.1%vs 54.7%,p=0.001).At the time of diagnosis all parameters included in study were worse in late diagnosis group as compared with early diagnosis group, although none was statistically significant. After 3 months of treatment, BASDAI and BASFI score were significantly worse in delay diagnosis group(p=0.001).Conclusion : Patients with delayed diagnoses showed worse outcomes in activity and function scores and less favourable treatment response

دور التصو ر المقطعي عديم التباين منخفض الجرعة في توقع نجاح علاج تفتيت حصاة الكلية بالموجات الصادمة من خراج الجسم == Role of Low Dose Noncontrast Computed Tomography in Predicting the Success of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Treatment of Renal Stone

Author name: احمد عباس محمد
Supervisor name: ليث احمد خلف | عادل حفظي حمودي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Currently, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the most common mode of therapy for small renal stones. Many studies have attempted to correlate the radiographic findings of non - contrast computed tomography (NCCT) with ESWL success and prospective assessment of patients with renal calculi.Objective : To assess the role of low dose non - contrast computed tomography in predicting the success of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal stone treatment.Patients and Methods : A prospective study was conducted at Al - Shaheed Ghazi Al - Hariri teaching hospital in Baghdad medical city during the period from the 15th of December 2013 to the 30th of July 2014. Fifty patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in this study were recruited . Data collected using a pre constructed data collection form in which the demographics and clinical data were reported. Stone characteristics were based on the pre - treatment non - contrast CT scanning reviewed and reported by one urologist and one radiologist. Diagnosis of renal stone was made by a specialist urologist depending on the clinical features and proved by urinalysis , KUB, Ultrasound and the non - contrast CT images. The SSD was calculated by measuring the 90° distance from the center of the stone to the skin .Patients received one session of ESWL and followed up for two weeks. Successful treatment considered if there was complete clearance of the stone with no residual fragments (stone - free) or presence of gravels less than 4 mm . Those who failed received another session 2 week after the first one. Data wereXIIanalysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21, and appropriate statistical tests were used to assess the significance which set at ≤ 0.05 to be significant.Results : The age of the studied group ranged (23 - 74) years with a mean of (41.5± 12.5) years. Only 20% of the patients aged 30 years or less. Male to female ratio was (2.3 : 1). After the 1st session , 40% of patients had successful treatment and they became stone free. After the second session, the overall response rate (successful ESWL) was (66%). Success of treatment was significantly affected by the initial stone size . patients with successful treatment had the lower stone area (96.4 ± 34.4 mm2) compared to (150.8 ± 81.2 mm2) in those with unsuccessful treatment , (P=0.016). Stone density showed an inverse correlation with the success rate, the mean stone density was the lower among those with successful treatment (640.3 ± 301.2) HU , (P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed that stone size and density were the most significant predictors for successful treatment. Patients characteristics (age and sex), site of the stone and SSD didn’t reach the statistical significance for prediction (P>0.05) .Conclusion : Non - contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) is a noninvasive and useful for obtaining a lot of information about the patient and renal calculi and can predict the success of ESWL. Stone density and size were significant predictors of the outcome of ESWL . Lower stone density and size predicted by NCCT associated with higher success rate of ESWL.

شمول مفصل الورك لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي == Hip Joint Involvement in a Sample of Adult Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author name: حيدر ثامر محمد
Supervisor name: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Joints
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي هو مرض التهابي مجموعي مزمن يستهدف المفاصل الزليلية بشكل اساسي. يؤثر هذا المرض على كل الفئات العرقية في جميع انحاء العالم وتسببه عوامل متعددة. اذا ترك هذا المرض بدون علاج، فانه عادة ما ينتج عنه التدمير التدريجي للمفصل والعجز الكبير للمريض. قد يتاثر مفصل الورك لدى 10% الى 40% من مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي وتشتمل العلامات الشعاعية لشمول مفصل الورك على تضيق مساحة المفصل وانصباب وتقرحات وتبارز الحق والنخر اللاوعائي لراس عظم الفخذ. الاهدافلتقدير تواترشمول مفصل الورك ولتقييم الترابط بين شمول مفصل الورك ومختلف الميزات للمرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي .المرضى وطريقة البحثشملت الدراسة المقطعية 60 مريضا عراقيا بالغا مستوفيا لمعايير الكلية الامريكية للمفاصل لتصنيف التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي لسنة 1987 . تم استبعاد المرضى الذين يعانون من امراض وحالات اخرى التي قد تؤثر على مفصل الورك. تم جمع بيانات المرضى بما في ذلك : العمر، الجنس، الوزن، الطول، مؤشر كتلة الجسم، مدة المرض، التاريخ العائلي للمريض، التاريخ الدوائي للمرض، تشوهات اليد، العلامات الدالة على شمول مفصل الورك، بروتين سي التفاعلي، العامل الروماتويدي، مضاد الببتيد الموسوم بالسترولين. تم تقييم فعالية المرض لكل مريض وفقا لنقاط مؤشر فعالية المرض السريرية واجراء فحص الاشعة السينية للحوض (منظر امامي _خلفي) والتصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي لمفصل الورك.النتائجشملت الدراسة (60) مريضا بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي, بلغ عدد الذكور 48 وعدد الاناث 12.كان متوسط اعمار المرضى (46.2 ± 11.6) سنوات وكان متوسط مدة المرض ( 8.8 ± 0.92) سنوات. وجد شمول مفصل الورك في (17) مصابا يمثلون (28.3%) : في كلا الطرفين عند 14مريض (23.3%) وفي طرف واحد عند 3 مرضى (5%) .اظهرت الدراسة ان المرضى الذين لديهم شمول مفصل الورك كانوا اصغر سنا من اولئك الذين لم يوجد لديهم شمول. كما اظهرت الدراسة بان هناك علاقة ذات جدوى احصائية بين شمول مفصل الورك مع : مدة المرض, فعاليته, تشوهات اليد والنتيجة الموجبة لفحص العامل الروماتويدي وفحص مضاد الببتيد الموسوم بالسترولين.لم يلاحظ وجود علاقة ذات جدوى احصائية بين شمول مفصل الورك للمصابين بمرض التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي مع : الجنس ومؤشر كتلة الجسم والتاريخ العائلي.الاستنتاجاتلدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، وجد ان نسبة شمول مفصل الورك هي 28.3% : في كلا الطرفين بنسبة 23.3% وفي طرف واحد بنسبة 5%.اوضحت الدراسة ان شمول مفصل الورك يرتبط بعلاقة ذات جدوى احصائية مع مدة المرض، فعاليته، تشوهات اليد والنتيجة الموجبة لفحص العامل الروماتويدي وفحص مضاد الببتيد الموسوم بالسترولين. لم يلاحظ وجود علاقة ذات جدوى احصائية مع : الجنس ومؤشر كتلة الجسم والتاريخ العائلي للمريض. | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that mainly targets the synovial joints. It affects all ethnic groups with worldwide distribution and multifactorial etiology. If left untreated, it commonly results in progressive joint destruction and significant disability. The hip joint may be affected in 10% to 40% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographic evidence of hip joint involvement includes concentric joint space narrowing, effusion, erosions, acetabular prortrusion and avascular necrosis of femoral heads.Objectives To estimate the frequency of hip joint involvement and the correlations of hip joint involvement with variable characteristic features of adult Iraqi patients with RA.Patients and methods : A cross sectional study was conducted on 60 adult Iraqi patients who fulfill the American college of rheumatology criteria for the classification of RA. Data of the Patients were obtained , including : : age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), duration of illness, family history of RA, drug history, hand deformities, symptoms suggestive of hip joint involvement, CRP (C - Reactive Protein), RF (Rheumatoid Factor) and ACPA (Anti - Citrullinated Peptide Antibody). Disease activity for each patient was assessed according to clinical disease activity index score (CDAI). Anteroposterior pelvic x - ray and MRI of hip joints were obtained for all patients.Results Sixty adult Iraqi patients with RA were enrolled in this study, there were 48 women and 12 men. Mean age of them was 46.2±11.6 years and mean duration of disease was 8.8±0.92 years. Hip joint involvement was found in 17 patients representing (28.3%) of them, bilateral in 14 patients (23.3%) and unilateral in 3 patients (5%). The study revealed that patients with hip joint involvement were younger than those without and hip joint involvement was significantly correlated with disease duration, disease activity, hand deformity and seropositivity for RF and ACPA. This study revealed no significant correlation of hip joint involvement with the gender of the patient, BMI and family history.Conclusions Hip joint involvement occurred in 28.3% in a sample of Iraqi patients with RA, bilateral in 23.3% and unilateral in 5%. Hip joint involvement was significantly associated with : disease duration, disease activity, hand deformity and seropositivity for RF and ACPA, but there were no significant correlations with gender of the patients, BMI and family history.

تقييم تضييق الصمام التاجي باستخدام طريقة PISA للمرضى العراقيين بواسطة الايكو == Assessment of Mitral Valve stenosis by Simplifying proximal Isovelocity surface area in Iraqi Patients by Trans thoracic Echocardiography

Author name: محمد جاسم حتروش
Supervisor name: غازي فرحان حاجي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Echocardiography
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Internal Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Mitral Stenosis refers to narrowing of the mitral valve orifice, resulting in impairment of filling of the left ventricle in diastole. It is usually caused by rheumatic heart disease. Proximal isovelocity surface area measurement, also known as the “flow convergence” method, can be used in Transthoracic Echocardiography to estimate the area of an orifice through which blood flows.Objectives : To compare simple PISA equation, created by combined fixing the angle to 1000 and the Val to 33 cm/s, with mitral valve area measured by pressure half time and planimetry which was taken as reference method.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional prospective study was conducted in multi teaching centers (Baghdad teaching hospital, Ibin AL Nafees hospital, Ibn AL Bitar hospital and Ghazi AL Harriry teaching hospital) from the June 2015 to the June 2016. 104 patients were enrolled in this study, 41 were excluded from the study (patients with mild mitral stenosis, with aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation and those with poor window were excluded from the study). Transthoracic echocardiographic examination include para sternal long axis, apical four chamber and parasternal short axis view were used to analyze parameters were selected by M - mode, 2D, and pulse doppler Results : There were 63 patients enrolled in this study with a mean age of 45.4 ± 7.1years, (23.8%) of them within the age group 30 - 39 years and the remaining (76.2%) were > 40 years. Female patients were the dominant represented 73.0% while male were 7.0% of the studied group (female : male ratio was 3 : 1); (61.9%) were in sinus rhythm and (38.1%) in atrial fibrillation. 58.7% of the patients are with Wilkin's score less than8, the mean mitral valve area according to planimetry method was (1.14 ± 0.32) cm2 and it was (1.12 ± 0.28) cm2 by PISA while the mean mitral valve area by pressure half time method was (1.19 ± 0.30) cm2. The agreement between PISA and planimetry revealed that PISA had good agreement with planimetry in diagnosis of mitral stenosis, (kappa= 0.835, P< 0.001). On the other hand, there was a fair significant agreement between pressure half time and planimetry.Conclusions : PISA method can effectively predict mitral valve area and severity of mitral stenosis by the equation; mitral valve area = 115 _ r2/Vmax, Provided that aliasing velocity is fixed at 33 cm/s, with the advantage of easy calculation over other methods used to evaluate mitral valve area by Trans thoracic Echocardiography.

شكل موجة الدوبلر النبضي لمخرج البطين الايمن وعلاقتها بشدة ارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي == Shape of the right ventricular outflow Doppler envelope and severity of pulmonary hypertension

Author name: محمد خالد عبد الكريم
Supervisor name: باسل نجيب سعيد الدليمي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Echocardiography
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Design : cross sectional descriptive study .Setting : Baghdad teaching hospital and Iraqi center of heart diseases.Duration : Beginning of September 2014 to end of August 2015 .Background : Pulmonary arterial hypertension is defined as a group of diseases characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular load, leading to marked increase in pulmonary artery pressure(PAP) . Although direct pressure measurement with right heart catheterization is the reference method and “gold standard” for quantification of pulmonary artery pressure, The invasive nature of catheterization makes it unsuitable for frequent and repeated use. Alternatively, echocardiography offers the advantages of noninvasiveness and versatility and is commonly used to estimate systolic pulmonary artery pressure . Unfortunately, not all of these echocardiographic variables are always present and at times an adequate jet of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is not available to provide a very satisfactory estimate of the magnitude of pulmonary hypertension (PH) . The pulsed - wave Doppler of Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) velocity curve provides a wealth of physiologic information about RV and pulmonary vascular function. Doppler recordings from the RVOT are available in virtually all patients . Moreover, the shape of the Doppler profile in the Right ventricular outflow contains other physiological insights and it is simple to use in clinical practice .Aim : We devised a study to determine whether visual assessment of the right ventricular outflow Doppler signals can be useful identifying the severity of pulmonary hypertension .Patients and methods : We used a pulsed Doppler technique to examine the flow velocity pattern in the RVOT in 127 patients. Inclusion criteria all patients had a complete echocardiogram including pulsed Doppler spectral signals across the RVOT, discernible tricuspid regurgitation signal, good endocardial border resolution of both right and left ventricular chambers for tracing of the end - systole and end - diastole , as well as M - mode of the lateral tricuspid annulus .In addition, all these patients included for the analysis were in normal sinus rhythm . Exclusion criteria : no atrial or ventricular ectopy or other cardiac arrhythmia was present at the time of the study, none of the patients had a pacer or defibrillator wire in the right ventricle (RV). No previous cardiac surgery .Result : Visual inspection of RVOT spectral Doppler signals from the 127 showed four dynamic patterns , pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP)was significantly correlated with these different types of RVOT spectral Doppler signals . Both TR pressure gradient (PG) and PASP increased significantly from groups I to IV with p value ˂ 0.05, mean pulmonary PASP was 32.92 in pattern I, 56.07 in pattern II , 73.65 in pattern III and 113.45 in pattern IV and mean TR PG was 27.57 in pattern I , 47.28 in pattern II, 64.32 in patternIII and 102.27 in pattern IV. Furthermore, Right ventricular outflow velocity time integral (VTI) , acceleration time (ACT) , pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) showed significant correlation with the four right ventricular outflow Doppler patterns with p value ˂ 0.05.Conclusion : In this study, we show that easily appreciated differences in the shape or morphology of the right ventricular outflow tract Doppler signal provide rapid, powerful hemodynamic insight into the presence and severity of pulmonary hypertension . Keywords Echocardiography , Pulsed wave Doppler , Right ventricular outflow tract , Pulmonary hypertension

تاثير العملية القيصرية على وزن الجسم ومحيط الخصر بين النساء في مدينة الناصرية : دراسة مقطعية مستعرضة

Author name: ايمان عبد العباس حسين
Supervisor name: مسلم ناهي سعيد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية البحث : ان معدل انتشار السمنة يزداد في البلدان النامية ودول العالم الثالث. والسمنة هي احدى عوامل الخطر الرئيسية لعدد من الامراض المزمنة كالسكر وارتفاع ضغط الدم وامراض القلب ، ولذلك تعتبر من مشاكل الصحة العامة الرئيسية .الاهداف : تم اجراء هذه الدراسة لقياس مدى تاثير العملية القيصرية على وزن الجسم ومحيط الخصر بين النساء غير الحوامل اللواتي لديهن عملية قيصرية سابقة بالمقارنة مع النساء اللواتي لديهن ولادات طبيعية في مدينة الناصرية.الطرائق : تعتبر هذه الدراسة دراسة مقطعية منفذة في اثنين من المستشفيات التعليمية لمدينة الناصرية ( مستشفى الحبوبي التعليمي ومستشفى بنت الهدى التعليمي) للفترة ما بين الاول من شهر تشرين الثاني 2016 ولغاية الاول من تشرين الثاني2017 . النساء غير الحوامل اللواتي لديهن عملية قيصرية سابقة بالمقارنة مع النساء اللواتي لديهن ولادات طبيعية واللواتي راجعن العيادات الخارجية لاقسام النسائية في هذه المستشفيات اختيروا بشكل عشوائي, تم تضمينها في هذه الدراسة. تم احتساب العينة البحثية بناء على نسبة انتشار السمنة بين النساء في العراق(42.6٪)، وبنسبة دقة انتشار 5% ومستوى ثقة 95%, يكون حجم العينة البحثية (490) مشاركة وبعد اضافة 10 % لتغطية النساء اللائي رفضن الاشتراك في هذا البحث ,فيكون حجم العينة (500). تم جمع البيانات بواسطة استمارة استبيان. شملت استمارة الاستبيان معلومات عن العمر ،الوظيفة ،عدد افراد الاسرة ،الدخل الشهري للاسرة ،المستوى التعليمي ،السكن ،عدد الولادات الحية, نمط الولادة ,نمط الرضاعة بعد الولادة ، ،نوع النشاط الممارس اثناء اوقات الفراغ ، تم قياس الوزن ،الطول ،محيط الخصر، ودليل كتلة الجسم لتقييم الحالة التغذوية . تم تحليل البيانات باستعمال الرزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (اس بي اس اس ) النسخة 23 اعتبرت قيمة p اصغر من 0.05 ذات قيمة معنوية احصائيا . النتائج : كان معدل كتلة الجسم(29.5+4.6)كغم /م 2. فكان معدل انتشار السمنة 82.2% ومعدت انتشار السمنة البطنية 64.2%. معدل انتشار السمنة اكثر بين النساء اللواتي لديهن عمليات قيصرية 56% بينما44 % بين النساء اللواتي لديهن ولادة طبيعية ، بينما كان معدل انتشار السمنة البطنية اكثر شيوعا بين النساء اللواتي ليهن عملية قيصرية مقارنة بالنساء اللواتي لديهن ولادة طبيعية (71.7%مقابل28.3 % على التوالي ).الاستنتاجات : تدعم هذه الدراسة بانه نمط الولادة له دور في تغير وزن الجسم ومحيط الخصر واتضح ان العملية القيصرية لها دور كبير في زيادة محيط الخصر مقارنة مع النساء اللواتي لديهن ولادة طبيعية.

تقييم التغيرات الفزيولوجيه الحاصله في المسالك التنفسيه الصغيره : دراسه مستنده الى المستشفى == EVALUATION OF THE SMALL AIRWAYS CHANGES IN PREGNANCY (HOSPITAL BASED STUDY) AT BAGHDAD TEACHING HOSPITAL

Author name: سيف عبد الحسين حسن
Supervisor name: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يرتبط الحمل بتغيرات فزيولوجيه في السيطره على عملية التفس,حجم الرئه ,ميكانيكية التنفس وعلى التوازن الموجود بين الحوامض والقواعد داخل الجسمالهدف من الدراسه : 1 - مقارنة فحوصات وظائف الرئه للمسالك التنفسيه الصغيره 25% - 75% بين الحامل خلال فترات الحمل المختلفه وغير الحامل.2 - لتحديد التغيرات الحاصله في فحوصات الرئه بالنسبه للمسالك التنفسيه الصغيره قبل الولاده.3 - لتحديد اذا ما كان هنالك اي تاثير لفترة الحمل على فحوصات الرئه الخاصه بالمسالك التنفسيه الصغيره.طريقة العمل : دراسه مقطعيه مستنده الى المستشفى.اجري هذا البحث في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي بالتنسيق بين استشارية الجهاز التنفسي واستشارية النسائيه وشعبة فحص وظائف الرئه.تم اختيار 120 امراه حامل في مختلف فترات الحمل وباوزان واطوال مختلفه ومقارنتها بنساء غير حوامل(40 امراه).جميع المتطوعين للدراسه لم يعانو من امراض مزمنه ولم يكونو مدخنين. تم اخذ موافقة الجميع قبل الفحص بواسطة جهاز فحص وظائف الرئه الالكتروني.تم ادخال البيانات بواسطة SSPS22.النتائج : لوحظ وجود تغيرات في فحوصات المسالك التنفسيه الصغيره 25%بين الحوامل وغير الحوامل حيث كانت القيمه اقل من 0.05كما لوحظ وجود تغيرات بالنسبه لذروة معدل تدفق الزفيرPEFRكانت القيمه اقل من 0.05 الاستنتاج : ان للحمل تاثير على المسالك التنفسيه الصغيره.التوصيات : استخدام فحص وظائف الرئه وخاصه المسالك التنفسيه الصغيره لغرض متابعة كفاءةالجهاز التنفسي للمراه الحامل | BACKGROUND : Pregnancy is associated with physiological changes in the control of breathing, in lung volumes, in the mechanics of respiration and in acid base balance.OBJECTIVE : to assess the effect of single normal pregnancy on small airways.STUDY SETTING : Baghdad teaching hospital.PATIENTS AND METHODS : This study : cross sectional descriptive analytical study. carried out at Baghdad teaching hospital .Started from JUNE 2016 to JUNE 2017 .140 ladies aged 16 - 44 yrs of different height, weight and different conception from 1 st , 2nd and 3 rd trimesters were included also there was a control group which contains 40 ladies.All of them did spirometry .I focused mainly on the small airways parameters(Forced expiratory flow 25% - 50% - 75%) and peak expiratory flow rate for the study(pregnant) and the control(non - pregnant) groupsRESULTS : FEF25% was the only small airway parameter that is affected between the pregnant and the non - pregnant (P value was less than 0.05) BUT not in different trimesters of same pregnancy. Also there was change in the PEFR between the pregnant and the non - pregnant (P value was less than 0.05), But no change between the different trimesters

مدى شيوع مرض السمنة والعوامل المرتبطة به بين طلبة جامعة ذي قار وكلية مزايا للعام الدراسي 2016 == Prevalence of Obesity and its associated factors Among Thi - Qar University and Mazaya college Students,2016

Author name: Alaa Jassim Mohammod
Supervisor name: Dheyaa k. Al - Omar
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية البحث : ان معدل انتشار السمنة يزداد في البلدان النامية ودول العلم الثالث .و السمنة هي احدى عوامل الخطر الرئيسية لعدد من الامراض المزمنة كالسكر وارتفاع ضغط الدم وامراض القلب ، ولذلك تعتبر من مشاكل الصحة العامة الرئيسية .الهدف : دراسة معدل انتشار السمنة والعوامل المرتبطة بها بين طلبة الجامعات في محافظة ذي قار . كذلك دراسة الانماط والعادات الغذائية بينهم.اشخاص وطريقة الدراسة : بدات هذه الدراسة المقطعية في الاول من نيسان وانتهت في العاشر من شهر ايار2016، تم من خلالها دراسة مجموعة تتكون من 841طالب وطالبة (358 و456 على التوالي ) بعمر 18 - 36 سنة (بمعدل7. 21 +2.3 سنة ) اختيروا بشكل عشوائي طلبة جامعة ذي قار الحكومية وكلية مزايا الاهلية . شملت استمارة الاستبيان معلومات عن العمر ،الجنس،عدد افراد الاسرة ،الدخل الشهري للاسرة ،المستوى التعليمي للابوين ،السكن ،عدد ساعات النوم خلال اليوم ، وسيلة المجيئ للكلية ،نوع النشاط الممارس اثناء اوقات الفراغ ،العادات الغذائية وقائمة تحتوي انواع مختلفة من الاطعمة ، تم قياس الوزن ،الطول ،محيط الخصر، ودليل كتلة الجسم لتقييم الحالة التغذوية . تم تحليل البيانات باستعمال الرزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (اس بي اس اس )النسخة 23 اعتبرت قيمة p اصغر من 0.05 ذات قيمة معنوية احصائيا .النتائج : كان معدل كتلة الجسم للطلبة24.17+4.0 كغم /م 2 وكان اكثر من نصفهم من (59.2) من ذوي الوزن الطبيعي (63.8 %من الطلاب و55.2 %من الطالبات ) ، بينما كان معدل انتشار زيادة الوزن وكذلك السمنة بينهم 28.3 % و8.1 % على التوالي . كان معدل انتشار السمنة متقاربا بين الذكور والاناث ، بينما كان معدل انتشار زيادة الوزن اكثر شيوعا بين الطالبات مقارنة بالطلاب (32 %مقابل 23.1 % على التوالي ).كان معدل انتشار قلة الوزن اكثر شيوعا بين الطلاب مقارنة بالطالبات (5.1 %من الطلاب مقابل 3.7 % من الطالبات ) .اعتمادا على محيط الخصر كان 3 % من الذكور و18 % من الاناث اكثر عرضة لخطر الاصابة بالامراض المصاحبة للسمنة .كان معدل انتشار السمنة ومحيط الخصر اعلى لدى الطلبة الذين تتجاوز اعمارهم السادسة والعشرين وكذلك الطلبة من ذوي الاسر التي لاتتجاوز اعداد افرادها الست اشخاص(p<.05) لكلا المتغيرين . نسبيا ، هناك نسبة عالية نسبيا (42.7 %من الطلاب و35.8 % من الطالبات )يقضون اكثر من ساعتين في اليوم امام شاشات الحاسوب . الطالبات اقل نشاطا وحركة من الطلاب (p<.05) نسبة عالية من الطلاب والطالبات لا يتناولون وجبة الافطار والحليب وكذلك الخضروات والفواكه يوميا .الاستنتاجات : تدعم هذه الدراسة بانه هناك عوامل متعددة مسببة للسمنة . واظهرت ان العمر والاسر المكونة من اقل من ستة اشخاص من عوامل الخطر . | Background : The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Obesity is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension and ischemic heart diseases, so it is considered a major Public health problem. Objectives : to study the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among Thi - Qar university students. Dietary habit and food consumption pattern are also assessed.Subjects and methods : A cross sectional study started from 1st of April 2016 - 10th of May 2016, A total of 841 students (358 were males and 456 were females) between 18 years and 36 years of age (mean 21.7 ± 2.3years) were selected randomly from 24 colleges of both Thi - Qar and Mazaya private college. A questionnaire was distributed to each participant : Age, gender, family member numbers, monthly family income, level of parent educations, residency, time of sleep per night, types of activity during leisure times, dietary habit and different food items were considered, Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and BMI was calculated and used to assess weight status. The data were analyzed by using SPSS. p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results : The mean BMI was 24.17 ± 4.0 kg/m2; more than half (59.2%) of students were of normal weight (63.8% of male students and 55.2% of female students); whereas the prevalence of overweight and that of obesity among them was 28.3% and 8.1% respectively. The prevalence of obesity was nearly similar for both male and female students, while the prevalence of overweight was more common among female’s students than among males (32 %of females vs. 23.1% of males). The prevalence of underweight was more common among male than female students (5.1 % of male vs. 3.7 % of female). Depending on their waist circumference 3% of male and 18 % of female students were at a higher risk of developing abdominal obesity co morbidities. There was a significant higher prevalence of obesity and mean waist circumference within students of more than 26 years old aged and of less than 6 household family number (p < .05 for both variables).A relatively high proportion (42.7 % for males and 35.8 % for females) spend more than two hours on screen time daily. Females were significantly (p< .05) much less physically active than males. A high proportion of students (male and female) didn’t have a daily intake of breakfast, milk vegetable or fruitConclusion : The prevalence of obesity and overweight were more than the obesity reported among university students in previous local studies in Iraq, however it still lower than obesity and overweight reported among the university students of the neighborhood countries. The study supports the multi factorial etiology of obesity; it demonstrates that age, parent’s education and household number are risk factors. The study also shows high prevalence of sedentary behaviors, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habit among Thi - Qar university students.Recommendation : the study results mandate the need for public health strategies to prevent overweight and obesity and adopt a healthy dietary habit and life style.Key word : Prevalence, Obesity, Overweight, Cross sectional study, Dietary habit, Life style.Abbreviations : WHO, World Health Organization; BMI, body mass index; SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Sciences.

مدى انتشار الامراض غير الانتقالية بين الناس المسنين في مدينة الناصرية 2015 : دراسة مسحية سكانية == Prevalence and patterns of non - communicable diseases among a geriatric population in Al - Nasiriya city 2015

Author name: رحيم نايف ناصر
Supervisor name: علي عبد سعدون الغزي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: دراسة مدى انتشارالامراض المزمنة غير الانتقالية بين الناس المسنين في مدينة الناصرية وتقييم الوضع الصحي العام لهم وتقييم خدمات الرعاية الصحية المقدمة لهذه الفئة من السكان.المواد والاساليب : دراسة مقطعية وصفية وتحليلية من خلال اجراء المسح السكاني للعوائل في بعض الاحياء السكنية. اجريت هذه الدراسة في منطقة حضرية جغرافيا من مدينة الناصرية التي تبعد عن العاصمة بغداد 360 كم جنوبا. تمت الدراسة خلال فترة امتدت اكثر من سنة (من 1 ايلول 2015 الى نهاية شهر تشرين الاول 2016). تم جمع البيانات من عينة تمثيلية من 423 من الاشخاص الذين تتراوح اعمارهم من 60 سنة فما فوق ومن خلال اخذ عينات متعددة المراحل (عنقودية).النتائج : كان معدل انتشار الامراض المزمنة غير الانتقالية بنسبة 89.8% بين الاشخاص المسنين، وفي مقدمتها الحالات الخمسة التالية : ارتفاع ضغط الدم (67%)، مرض السكري (31,2%)، امراض العظام والعضلات (15,4%)، امراض القلب (11,1%)، اعتام عدسة العين (12,8%) وكان انتشار مرضين او اكثر في ان واحد بمعدل 59%.اما اعراض ومشاكل الشيخوخة الرئيسية فكانت : مشاكل في الرؤيا (77,8%), الشعور بالحزن او الاكتئاب (36,4%)، مشاكل السمع (31,7%)، السقوط (30%), مشاكل في الذاكرة (22,9%)، والاعراض البولية (11,1%).اثبتت هذه الدراسة ان معدل انتشار الامراض المزمنة غير الانتقالية في مدينة الناصرية كان مرتفعا ومثيرا للقلق وخاصة امراض القلب والاوعية الدموية التي تحتاج الى الجهود الفعلية والتركيز في مجال الوقاية وكذلك تحسين وتعزيز نظام الرعاية الصحية خاصة في مجال الرعاية الصحية لكبار السن للحد من الاصابة بالامراض المزمنة ومضاعفاتها والاثر السلبي على الحياة والتطور الاقتصادي | More than one year starting from the 1st September 2015 to the end of October 2016, an observational, analytical - cross - sectional study through a household survey was conducted in Al - Nasiriya city to study the prevalence of non - communicable diseases among a geriatric population, other objectives were to describe the symptomatology (geriatric review of system for elderly), subjective general health status of wellbeing, and the accessibility and satisfaction of patients to health care services provided in this segment of the population. A representative sample of 423 individual aged ≥ 60 years through multistage sampling had been included in the study. Special form of questionnaire was planned to collect information, which tested by three experts in the field of community medicine and family medicine for the validity before its use in the collection of data. The diagnosis of cases (the inclusion and exclusion criteria) was clearly depending on the chronic disease card or any available documentations that support the definite diagnosis (medical reports, investigation, or current treatment). In contrast to self - reporting studies, the direct observation from the researcher as an advantage of a cross - sectional household survey study plays an important role in minimizing the information bias during the stage of data collection. In addition, it was based mainly on the doctors - diagnoses conditions and consistent with the definition of chronic diseases A pilot study was conducted on 18 elderly individuals prior to the proper study in order to test the feasibility of the research, time requirement and the cost. The results were discussed with the supervisor for any change or modification needed. All those 18 cases were included in the proper study. For statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)version (23) was used for data analysis including frequencies, percentages, test of significance (Chi - square test, Monte Carlo test, Fisher exact test), correlation and logistic regression analysis. A p - value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. The overall prevalence of at least one chronic NCD was 89.8%. The top five chronic conditions : hypertension (67.8%), diabetes mellitus (31.2%), musculoskeletal diseases (15.4%), heart diseases (11.1%), and cataract (12.8%). The prevalence of multi - morbidity (patient with two or more chronic diseases) was 59%. The main geriatric symptoms were vision related problems (77.8%), feeling sad or depressed (36.4%), hearing problems (31.7%), falls (30%), memory problems (22.9%), and urinary symptoms (11.1%). The main limitations in this study were its performance in an urban area, some cautions must be taken regarding the generalization of the results. Also not all types of chronic disease and geriatric symptoms were discussed in this study, however all the available data in the sample were collected and studied. Nevertheless, further studies are required specially to estimate the prevalence of risk factors, to estimate the cost of care and health, expenditure, quality of health services and geriatric health need. This study will help in establishing the priorities to act on according to the magnitude of the problems and their impact. Also to design the strategies for prevention and control of NCDs. According to the results obtained from this study and the current situation regarding the care of geriatric population in Iraq and specifically in Al - Nasiriya city, the most important and practical recommendation is to activate the geriatric health care at PHCCs or at least in every hospital with a geriatric clinic with well - trained doctors and other heath staff in the field of geriatrics.

الاستدلال عن مستقبلات الاستروجين ، البروجستيرون وعامل النمو البشري لدى مرضى سرطان الثدي في الناصرية2014 - 2015 == Expression of Estrogen, Progesterone and Human epidermal growth factor Receptors in Breast Cancer in Al - Nasiriya 2014 - 2015

Author name: اصيل ضيول حسن
Supervisor name: حميد نعيم موسى
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : سرطان الثدي هو الورم الخبيث الاكثر شيوعا ومشكلة الصحة العامة للسيدات في جميع انحاء العالم وفي العراق. سرطان الثدي هو مرض متغير الخواص للغاية، هناك ثلاث علامات تنبؤيه : مستقبلات الاستروجين، مستقبلات بروجسترون ومستقبلات عامل النمو عندها قيمة تنبؤيه مستقلة. يظهر تعبيرERفي 80 - 90% من المرضى بسرطان الثدي، بينما يظهر تعبيرPRفي 70 - 80 % من الحالات. مستقبلات عامل النمو موجود في 15 - 20% من الحالات. لهذاسرطان الثدي يمثل بشكل افضل بتعبير المستقبل المشترك من التمثيل بمستقبل واحد 0علامات الواسم المناعي - الكيميائي النسيجي (IHC) من مستقبلات هرمون الاستروجين (ER)،مستقبلات هرمون البروجسترون (العلاقات العامة) ومستقبلات عامل النمو (HER2) يمكن تصنيف التعبير الهرموني لسرطان الثدي الى 4 انواع فرعية : النوع الاول ثلاثي موجب مستقبلات الهرمونات(هرمون الاستروجين موجب والعلاقات العامة موجب ومستقبلات عامل النمو موجب)؛النوع الثاني (هرمون الاستروجين موجب والعلاقات العامة موجب ومستقبلات عامل النمو سالب)؛ النوع الثالث ثلاثي سالب مستقبلات الهرمونات (هرمون الاستروجين سالب والعلاقات العامة سالب ومستقبلات عامل النمو سالب)والنوع الرابع (هرمون الاستروجين سالب والعلاقات العامة سالب ومستقبلات عامل النمو موجب).الدراسات السابقة اظهرت ادلة على الفرق الجزيئية التي تكون مسؤولة عن الفرق النتيجة0الهدف من الدراسة : هو تقييم حالة الهرمونات وعلاقتهم بدرجة ومرحلة الورم لحظة تشخيص المرض0المرضى وطريقة العمل : كان نوع الدراسة دراسة مقطعية في محافظة ذي قارفي مدينة الناصرية في مستشفى الحبوبي مركز الاورام ،تضمنت 165 حالة من المرضى الذين شخصت اصابتهم بسرطان الثدي خلال فترة (كانون الثاني 2014 - كانون الاول 2015) تم تجميع معلومات كل مريض وتحليلها : عمر المريض ،الجنس، مكان الاقامة ومعلومات متعلقة بالورم مثل درجة الورم ومرحلة الورم، ومنزلة المستقبلات (ER،PR،her2مستقبلات)0النتائج : العمري الوسطي = 49 ± 11.1. وكانت معظم الحالات 75,2% هرمون البروجسترون موجب بينما هرمون الاستروجين موجب في (72.7٪)،ولكن معظمهم كانواHER2سالب(78.2٪). كان معظم المرضى من الدرجة الثانية (64.2 ٪ ) والمرحلة الثانية (50.3 ٪ )؛كان النوع الفرعي الاكثر شيوعا (ER / PR موجب وher2سالب )والتي تمثل 64.8٪ 0بالنسبة لمقارنة التعبير الهرموني للمرض مع درجة ومرحلة الورم لوحظ ان اعلى درجة الورم (الثاني) (76.93٪) وجدت في النوع الرابع (ER / PRسالب،HER2موجب) وكانت هناك علاقة بين التعبير الهرموني ومرحلة المرض0 الاستنتاجات : سرطان الثدي يمتلك خصوصية مستقبلات هرمونية0الكثير من الحالات توجد في المرحلة الثانية والدرجة الثانية لحظة التشخيص0 التعبير الهرموني السلبي متعلق بمرحلة متقدمة من المرض 0ينبغي توجيه الجهود في توحيد اساليب وتطوير اختبارات اكثر وثوقا لتشخيص المرض بمرحلة مبكرة0

Epidemiology of Acute Childhood and Adolescent Poisoning in Al - Nassiryia Poison Center (2013 - 2015)

Author name: Khashaa Abdulkadhum Jaber
Supervisor name: Raid Kareem Dehiol
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Acute childhood and adolescent poisoning remain one of the important emergencies causing a significant burden to the populations with important morbidity and mortality rates. Epidemiological studies are so important to determine the extent of the problem, according to which the preventive strategies are related. Objectives : This study aimed to determine the epidemiological features of poisoning for the patients less than 19 years old in Thi - qar governorate, involving the main types, clinical presentations, management, outcome, and seasonal variation of poisoning. Methods : A descriptive cross sectional study was involved 340 patients recorded in Al - Nasiriyah poison center from (January 2013 to December 2015), data that collected from the case sheets and records of phone cases. These data was analysed by the statistical package of social science (SPSS) for analysis. Results : Toddler age group seen in 45% of cases with predominance of accidental type, while adolescents (14 - 18yrs.) are mostly intentional with female preponderance, two hundred cases (58.8%) of the exposed patients were male, urban populations are more prone to poisoning 236 cases (69.4%), accidental exposure is the commonest (83.2%), oral route is (99.4%), (62.9%) of the causative agents are pharmaceutical, and (50.7%) are asymptomatic. most of them treated conservatively (96.5%) with survival rate of (97.9%), mortality seen in those presented after the first 24 hrs. of exposure. One third of acute poisoning occurred in summer season.Conclusion : Toddler age group commonly prone to acute poisoning, male are more in accidental pattern, majority of patients were from urban population, one third of the poisoning occur at summer, and there is a strong relationship between time of arrival to the hospital and outcome of the patient

انتشار عوامل الخطر على نمط الحياة بين عينة من مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم في مستشفى الحسين التعليمي خلال سنة 2016 == Prevalence of Life Style Risk Factors among A sample of Hypertensive Patients Attending Al - Hussain Teaching Hospital during 2016

Author name: نورس عبد الله خضير
Supervisor name: مسلم ناهي سعيد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Community Medicine
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Family And Community Medicine
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية الدراسة : ان مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم هو من اكثر اسباب الموت المبكر في العالم, وان عدد المصابين بمرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم في تزايد مستمر. ويعتبر ارتفاع ضغط الدم من العوامل الخطرة القابلة للتغيير والمسببة لامراض القلب والاوعية الدموية وكذلك امراض الكلى وغيرها.الهدف من الدراسة : لتقييم انتشار عوامل الخطر على نمط الحياة بين عينة من مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم في مستشفى الحسين التعليمي خلال سنة 2016. طرق العمل : تعتبر هذه الدراسة دراسة تحليلية مقطعية لعدد من المرضى المصابين مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم, يبلغ عددهم 576 مريض ممن يرتادون مستشفى الحسين التعليمي في مدينة الناصرية خلال الفترة من الثاني من كانون الثاني 2016 ولغاية الاخر من ايلول لنفس السنة. ان هذه الدراسة تشمل جميع المرضى الذين تتراوح اعمارهم من 25 سنة فما فوق ومن كلا الجنسين ولديهم تشخيص سابق يثبت اصابتهم بمرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم وتم التشخيص بواسطة الطبيب. اما المرضى الغير مدركين باصابتهم بالمرض فهم غير مشمولين بالدراسة, وكذلك النساء الحوامل المصابين بمرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم خلال الحمل هم ايضا غير مشمولين بهذه الدراسة. لقد تم قياس وتحليل مستوى معرفة وتطبيق طرق تعديل النمط المعيشي لدى المرضى عن طريق استبيان خاص صمم خصيصا لهذه الدراسة. النتائج : اظهر تحليل نتائج البيانات ان عوامل الخطر بين عينة من مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم الذين يحضرون مستشفى الحسين التعليمي كانت على النحو الاتي : 40% لاستهلاك الملح ,34% لاستهلاك الدهون, 70% للتدخين, 80% للخمول وعدم ممارسة الرياضة و70% لزيادة الوزن والبدانة. الاستنتاجات والتوصيات : تبين هذه الدراسة ان كل عامل من عوامل الخطر في نمط الحياة بين عينة من مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم الذين يحضرون مستشفى الحسين التعليمي كان منتشرا للغاية مما يؤدي الى زيادة انتشار ارتفا ضغط الدم. توصي هذه الدراسة بتحسين كل من المعرفة والممارسة لتعديلات نمط الحياة في علاج المرضى. وكذلك يجب اتخاذ التدابير الصحيحة في تشخيص مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم او ما قبل ارتفاع ضغط الدم من قبل الطبيب. | Background : Hypertension is the common cause of premature death in the world and the number of population with hypertension is increasing. It is a preventable risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, aortic dissection, atrial fibrillation, and chronic kidney disease and dementia.Aim of Study : To measure the prevalence of life style risk factors among a sample of hypertensive patients attending AL - Hussain teaching hospital. Subjects and methods : The study was an analytical cross sectional study for 576 hypertensive patients who had attending Al - Hussain teaching hospital in Nasiriya city during the period from the second of January 2016 to the end of September 2016. The study population included all patients aged 25 years and above of both sex with previous diagnosis of hypertension made by medical staff. While the exclusion criteria included those who do not know that they have hypertension, and pregnant women with gestational hypertension. The patient adherence to the individual item of life style modifications was investigated by a special questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study.Results : analysis of data showed that the prevalence of life style risk factors among a sample of hypertensive patients attending AL - Hussain teaching hospital were as the following : 40% for salt consumption, 34% for fat consumption, 70% for smoking,80% for physical inactivity and 70% for overweight and obesity.Conclusions : This study shows that each life style risk factor among a sample of hypertensive patients attending AL - Hussain teaching hospital was of high prevalence which lead to increase the prevalence of hypertension. These results recommend improving both knowledge and practice of life style modifications of patients care. Also correct measures need to be taken from the point of diagnosis of hypertension or pre - hypertension by the doctors or other members of the health care team.

مركز الخدمات الريفية والمدن الزراعية ومدى تقديمها للخدمات الى التعاونيات الزراعية قطاع اللطيفية الزراعي

Author name: وليد ناصر نجم
Supervisor name: مظفر علي حسون
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الاثر الاجتماعي على تصاميم الاحياء السكنية

Author name: فائز نعوم عبد المسيح
Supervisor name: منذر بشير الاعظمي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Construction of towns and cities is the big sign - which prehistoric people left to prove the greateness of their civilizati~n in different areas of the world. Mesopotamia land has been one upon vrhich ancient towns were built, following a certain architectural and planning styles. These styles have charactarized those cities, and were followed in many other towns which were built later. The ruins of those towns are still standing in Babylon, Hatra, Vr, and other places of Mesopotamia.Obviously, there is a great relatien between the society and the urban system in which they live. This relation s~ggests that the design of the h8uses, the streets,and the city as a whole, must meet and satisfy two main criteria, namely privacy, and safety. On the other hand, the design ~f those elements should reflect the socio - cultural, economic, political, and technological stat'US of the society.The smallest urban structure unit which can reflect such statu$, is the neighbourhood unit. Accordingly, different kinds of studies were carried out by specialists to find ~ut concepts and theories for the neighbourhood unit. The aims of such studies were mostly to establish a better residential environment, or a more economical neighbourhood structure. While the social environment is usually not clear in such studies, because of the difficulty of finding out certain social measures which relate human beings - l lAwiththe physical design of the neighbourhood. This thesis attempts ,to.· find : .i · : : , out the social criteria which affect the design of neighbourhoods, and the affects of designs followed in Baghdad city on the social environment. Baghdad city was chosen as the area of study due to two main factors, the first of which was that Baghdad's history returns to the eighth century A.D. This long history suggests that housing in this city has undergone a long - time filteration process, through which many changes have taken place, in the social structure, as well as in all designs of neighbourhoods. The second factor was that Baghdad is a metropolis now, of more than (3) million inhabitants, ·which suggests the presence of different kinds of social norms and characteristics.It was very difficult, if not impossible to identify general social criteria which characterize the social groups of Baghdad city. Besides, it was found that the same social terms had different meanings in their life. Then, the study stressed on the analysis of different designs of neighbourhoods, and on the social environment of each, from which the interaction between the society and physical design.was established.This study was organized in four chapters, the first of which includes a comparison between the neighbourhood concepts which were followed by nearly all modern neighbour hood's developments, and the old Baghdadi neighbourhoods which were developed without referring to any designed concept. The second chapter was compof;ed of two parts. The first part discussed the planning 1 ~ri teria used in identifying the different neighbourbooas, while in the second part, social aspects and measures were established,and correlated with the social planning criteria suggested in the first part. In the third chapter, an attempt cf viewing the community life in the future was made. The attempt was based on the National Development plans, and th" Ba1 ath Arabic Socialist Party policies in achieving its maj - n goals and objectives. I A compartson between the present sccial environment and the aimed one was carried in the fourth chapter. From that, the needs and directions to achieve the form of future neighbourhoods were established.Finally conclusions and recomn1endations were made in the form of statements which could be taken as directions in designing residential areas, in which a certain level of social homegenity and interaction could be achieved.

الكثافة الاسكانية في مدينة بغداد مبدا وتاثيرات

Author name: عايد وسمي سحاب
Supervisor name: مظفر علي حسون
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: One of the basic variables in housing is the housing density concept, this concept is a measure of the intensity of occupation of land, It is expressed as a number of people per hectare or the number of dwelling units per hectare or the number of rooms per dwelling units, etc. The density effect the nature of residential environment, because it depends on the size and type of dwelling units, Economic, social, health and technical factors have the basic role in determining the density, and also refluct the standard of livingin each residential area, Baghdad is one of the metropolitian city in the world, which suffer from the high rate of population increase, while at the same time have a low rate of increment in the number of dwelling units, So the rate of occupation is very high (it is exceed than 2 persons per room or more than one family in dwelling unit) if it compared with rate of occupancy in the world,To provide an instrument for assessment for control of living standard within housing arc : \l.!. 2. To provide measures of the rate of land use that can be used to estimate total land needs for all purposes of community to control the intensity of occupation of housing areas.J. To reconcile the rate of land use for housing and other urban residential purposes with total demands on land use affecting the general economy and well - being of the town or country as a whole.4. Analysis the factors which have more influencing on housing density and vice versa. Housing density in Baghdad city have been different from area to another. It reaches over than 700 person per hectare in some areas (old residential areas), while do not exceed than 90 person per hectare in others (new residential areas). This depend at theplots size, income level and the location of the housing area. Also depend at the social and culture background of the residence. There are three types of housing density in Baghdad city : New residential density which is equal to 166 person per hectare (an average) 2. Gross residential density which is equal to 163 person per hectare (an average).3. Town density which is not exceed than JO person per hectare.According to the differential in the density of the residential areas I have put some policies for controlling the density which may assist the planner in determining the acceptable type of density, and to achieve the healthy and best residential environment.Also I have put some recommendations and I hope it will be taken into consideration in future for planning density,

التوصيل النموذجي للنمط الامثل لتوزيع المستوطنات الريفية في الاقليم الاوسط من العراق مع اشارة خاصة لمشروع المسيب الكبير

Author name: علي عبد الوهاب حسن
Supervisor name: منذر بشير الاعظمي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الادارة البيئية لموقع الطمر الصحي المقترح في النهروان == Environmental Management of Proposed Landfill Site In Al - Nahrawan

Author name: وليد عبد الزهرة محمد حسين
Supervisor name: ندى خليفة محمد علي الركابي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يحاول هذا البحث دراسة الادارة البيئية السليمة للنفايات البلدية الصلبة التي تحقق ادارة بيئة لموقع طمر النهروان الذي يخدم مدينة بغداد بالكامل حاليا, اذ يقع هذا الموقع في المنطقة الصناعية لناحية النهروان, الى الشرق من مدينة بغداد, وضمن الحدود الادارية لمدين | This research is trying to study correct environmental management of municipal solid waste which achieve environmental management for Nahrawan landfill site, which currently serve the entire city of Baghdad, as it located in the industrial area of Nahrawa

البعد البيئي للازدحامات المرورية : دراسة تحليلية لتلوث الهواء والضوضاء في منطقة المنصور == Environmental Dimension of Traffic Jams Analytical Study of Air Pollution And Noise In The Selected Intersections

Author name: نور الهدى حامد عبد المهدي فنجان
Supervisor name: عبد الوهاب احمد عبد الوهاب
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • العوامل المؤثرة على قطاع النقل في مدينة بغداد
  • التقاطعات المرورية ومؤشرات كفائتها
  • الاثار البيئية للازدحام المروري
  • الانبعاثات الصادرة من المركبات والتلوث بغاز (co1 - co2 ) - المحددات العالمية والمحلية للملوثات في الهواء
  • الضوضاء المروري، مصادره - ا
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسةعرضا مبسطا لمخاطر تلوث الهواء والضوضاء الناجم عن الازدحام المرورية الى جانب دراسة الاسباب التي تؤدي الى زيادة نسب التلوث ضمن مدينة بغداد والسبل الكفيلة بتخفيف هذا التلوث الذي بات يشكل خطرا يتفاقم يوما بعد يوم، جراء ارتفاع حجم الاستخ | Addressed this Subject simplified risk of air and noise pollution caused by congestion of traffic as well as the study of the causes that lead to increased rates of pollution within the city of Baghdad and ways to mitigate this pollution, which has become

تقييم الخدمات التعليمية في مدينة الرمادي للمدة 2008 - 2025 == Assessment of Educational Services In The City of Ramadi, For The Period 2008 - 2025

Author name: ملاذ جمعة مهيدي
Supervisor name: مهيب كامل فليح الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: City Master Plans
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناول المشروع في الفصل الاول مرورا بعملية تطور الخدمات التعليمية في محافظة الانبار بصورة عامة, ومدينة الرمادي بصورة خاصة عن طريق عرض للحقبة الزمنية التي شهدت عملية تاسيس تلك المدارس بجميع مراحلها الدراسية رياض الاطفال والابتدائي والثانوي سواء اكانت في ال | The research in the first chapter through the process of evolution of educational services in Anbar province and the city of Ramadi, through the presentation of an era of time that has seen the process of establishing such schools at all levels of study p

كفاءة التوزيع المكاني للتخصيصات تنمية الاقاليم في محافظة بابل == The Efficiency of The Spatial Distribution of Regional Devellopment Allocations In Province of Babyllon

Author name: مصطفى علي صالح الخفاجي
Supervisor name: علي حسين الجنابي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Local Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الكفاءة المكانة
  • التخصصيات المالية لتنمية الاقاليم والاساس المعتمد فيها، الفرق بين تخصصيات
  • تنمية الاقاليم والتخصيصات الاستثمارية
  • التوزيع القطاعي
  • التوزيع المكاني
  • خطة تنمية الاقاليم
  • الموازنة الاستثمارية
  • معامل جيني
  • محنى لورنز
  • مربع كاي
First pages:
Abstract: That the efficiency of domestic distribution for regional development allocations in both its special and sectorial has become an urgent requirement and duties necessary to achieve spatial balance in local development within the region, " conservative " o

التخطيط الحضري ودور التشريعات العمرانيه في النهوض بعملية التنميه العمرانيه == Urban Planning And Urban Role of Legislation In Promoting The Process of Urban Development

Author name: جهاد كاظم محمد
Supervisor name: مصطفى جليل الزبيدي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نظرا لارتباط عملية التنميه العمرانيه بالتخطيط الحضري والتشريعات العمرانيه ارتباطا وثيقا، فقد تناولنا في مشروعنا هذا دراسة هذه العلاقه وتفسيرها، فضلا عن دراسة الاساليب ومعايير التقييم الخاصه بها، والتي من الممكن اتباعها وتطبيقها من اجل معرفة نقاط الق | Due to the correlation process of urban development urban planning and legislation Urban closely related, have we dealt with in our project this study this relationship and interpretation, as well as the study of methods and evaluation criteria of their o

ايجاد برنامج بيئي امن لادارة النفايات الطبية في المستشفيات الاهلية لمدينة بغداد == Developing A Safe Environmental Program For The Administration of Medical Wastes In Private Hospitals In Baghdad City

Author name: عامر جبر عبد علي
Supervisor name: عبد الوهاب احمد عبد الوهاب
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد النفايات الطبية من النفايات الخطرة، وذلك بسبب اخطارها على العاملين في المؤسسات الصحية والمجتمع والصحة العامة ان لم تتم ادارتها بشكل سليم. ولعل مايجعل الامر صعبا ومعقدا هو عدم وجود وعي كافي بخطورة النفايات الطبية مما ادى الى ضعف تطبيق انظمة ادارة هذه | Medical waste material are considered serious wastes because of their risks to the workers in medical institutions, society of public health if donot deal with them correctly, since there is no enough knowledgeand awarenessabout risks of waste medical mat

تقويم تغيير استعمالات الارض في الخدمات منطقة الدراسة : مدينة العزيزية == Evaluation of Changing of Land Using In Services Study Zone Al - Azeeziya City

Author name: فلاح داود سلمان
Supervisor name: عامر شاكر خضير الكناني
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ياتي هذا البحث لغرض تقويم اثر تغيير استعمالات الارض على الخدمات ومعرفة مدى تاثيرها على كفاءة التصميم الاساسي لمدينة العزيزية. وقد ركز البحث على تغيير استعمالات الارض من الاستعمال (الخضراء، الحدائق، المباني العامة والخدمات والاراضي الزراعية، الاستعمال الصن | This research introduce the assessment of the land use import on services and knowledge its affect on the master plan efficient of ALAZIZIYAH city, the research consent rate on the land use changes from (Green area, gardens, public building & services, ag

تقييم كفاءة اداء موظفي بلدية الرشيد منطقة الدراسة : قاطع بلدية الرشيد == Develop Efficient Performance Good Staff Municipality In Providing Services To Citizens The Study Area Boycotted Municipality Rasheed

Author name: انور صبحي خلف الخزرجي
Supervisor name: علي كريم عبود العمار
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Local Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان هذه الدراسة ذات بعدين الاول تنظيمي يخص واحدة من اهم واجبات الادارة وهي الرقابة, وثانيا ذات بعد مكاني تخطيطي يتمثل في اختيار واحدة من مؤسسات الادارة الحضرية في العراق(احدى المديريات العامة التابعة الى امانة بغداد) لكون هذا المشروع البحثي هو معد في احدى | Objective of the research is to identify how efficiently the performance of workers and its impact on the availability and distribution of improved municipal services and what factors through poll of those who work in the municipal and delivery of municip

تقييم الاثار البيئية لمحطة ضخ عبد المحسن الكاظمي == Environmental Assessment of A Pumping Station Abdalmehsen Alkadhimi

Author name: غفران محمود عبد الكريم
Supervisor name: ندى خليفة محمد علي الركابي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ادى الاهتمام المتزايد بقضايا البيئة عامة والقضايا المصاحبة لعمليات التنمية, خاصة الى المطالبة بتقييم الاثار البيئية المختلفة لمشروعات التنمية حتى يمكن التعرف على المشكلات البيئية وتحديد انسب طرق التعامل معها منذ بداية عمل هذه المشروعات عملا بالحكمة القائل | The increasing publicly interest in environmental issues and particularly in accompanying development processes to request different environmental impacts assessment (EIA) for development projects in order to dicover environmental problems and confine the

مجالات استخدام الطاقة المتجددة لتقليل التلوث البيئي في العراق منطقة الدراسة : زيونه == The Fields of Renewable Energy Use To Reduce Environmental Pollution In Iraq (Zayouna) As A Study Case

Author name: علي حسين عبد اللطيف
Supervisor name: ندى خليفة محمد علي الركابي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • التلوث البيئي
  • الاحتباس الحراري
  • غازات الدفيئة
  • الطاقة المتجددة
First pages:
Abstract: ان الطاقة الكهربائية اصبحت عصب الحياة اذ ان كل الاجهزة مرتبطة بها وبمختلف القدرات وبتزايد الطلب على الطاقة الكهربائية ازدادت الحاجة الى بناء محطات كثيرة وكبيرة وازداد ايضا الطلب على الوقود لتشغيل هذا المحطات ثم ان هذا الوقود غير متجدد اي انه في يوم من الا | The electric power has become the lifeblood of being of all devices connected to it and the various capacity and increasing demand for electric power has increased the need to build stations, many great and has also increased the demand for fuel to run th

تقييم الاثر البيئي لمصنع الامام علي الهادي (عليه السلام) منطقة الدراسة : محافظة ميسان == Environmental Impact Assessment For The Factory Imam Ali Al - Hadi (AS) Study Area : Maysan Governorate

Author name: علاء قاسم عطية
Supervisor name: اريج خيري عثمان الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • ال(Ecology )
  • البيئة
  • التلوث الصناعي كاحد المتغيرات في اختلال التوازن البيئي
  • معادلة الانتاج الصناعي
  • انعكاس الاثار السلبية للتلوث الصناعي على مكونات النظام الطبيعي
  • تقييم الاثر البيئي
  • مراحل عملية التقييم البيئي
  • صناعة الزيوت النباتية
  • التصنيف ال
First pages:
Abstract: ان التطور العلمي للانسان بما فيه الصناعي والحضاري قد سخره لمصالحه الخاصة دون ان يتعامل مع الموارد الطبيعية بتعقل وحسن تصرف حفاظا على عناصر النظام البيئي, ولا يخفى علينا ان العمليات الصناعية للزيوت النباتية تنطوي في الاساس على تحويل المواد الخام الى سلع | The scientific development of the human being, including the industrial civilization has forced labor for its own interests without having to deal with natural resources prudently and well - behaved in order to preserve elements of the ecosystem, is no se

تطبيق مبادئ الاستدامة في عملية التخلص من النفايات الصلبة حالة الدراسة : مدينة بغداد == The Application of The Principles of Sustainability In The Process of Disposal of Solid Waste - Case Study City of Baghdad

Author name: مقداد هادي خضير
Supervisor name: اريج خيري عثمان الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الاستدامة
  • طرق الاستدامة
  • النفايات الصلبة بانواعها المختلفة
  • النفايات الصلبة المنزلية
  • طرق التخلص من النفايات الصلبة التي تحقق مبدا الاستدامة
  • تجارب محلية وعربية في الاستفادة من النفايات الصلبة
  • الظروف المناخية مدينة بغداد
  • القوة الشرائية وتاثيرها
First pages:
Abstract: قد يتصور الكثيرون ان مصطلح النفايات هو مصطلح سلبي وان هذه الاخيرة لا اهمية لها، ولكن العكس هو الصحيح، حيث ان المخلفات لها اهمية تجارية وصناعية وينعكس ذلك ايجابا على الحالة الاجتماعية والصحية للافراد وتظهر هذه الاهمية من خلال عملية اعادة تدويرهواالاستفادة | You might imagine, many that the term waste is a negative term and that the latter do not matter, but the opposite is true, as the residues are important commercial, industrial and reflected positively on the social situation and the health of individuals

المعالجات التخطيطية للبيئة الطبيعية لقضاء الاعظمية == Planning Treatments For Natural Environment For The City of Adamiya

Author name: نورة صبحي رحيم الطائي
Supervisor name: نادية عبد المجيد السلام
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • المعالجات التخطيطية للبيئة الطبيعية
  • ملوثات البيئة الطبيعية في المدن
  • الانشطة الملوثة لبيئة المدينة
  • بدائل تقليل انبعاث الملوثات
  • ملوثات مسببة للمشاكل الصحية
  • ملوثات مسببة لاضطراب النظام البيئي
  • مواقع الانشطة الخدمية والصناعية نسبة الى موقع المدينة
First pages:
Abstract: The most important challenges that extent the scientists and researchers are the environmental problems.the state these challenges at the beginning of future plans to solve these problems and reduce their effects on human in near and long time. In this r

دراسة ابراج الهواتف النقالة واثرها في المحيط السكني منطقة الدراسة : زيونة في بغداد == The Study of Mobile Phone Towers And Impact In The Surrounding Residential Areas Study Area : Zayouna District In Baghdad

Author name: وليد محمد فريح الجميلي
Supervisor name: عبد الوهاب احمد عبد الوهاب
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: انجز هذا البحث ليسلط الضوء على التاثيرات المحتملة لابراج الهواتف النقالة من الناحيتين الصحية والبيئية, فقد تناول البحث في الجانب النظري للدراسة مفاهيم اساسية لابراج الهواتف النقالة وكذلك فقد تطرق البحث على الاشعة الصادرة من هوائيات ابراج الهواتف النقالة | This Research was accomplished to highlight the possible effects of the Local Mobile Phone Towers on both health and environmental aspects, From the theoretical side this research talked about the basic concept for the function of the Local Mobile Phone T

التوزيع المكاني للمدارس في المناطق المكتظة سكانيا منطقة الدراسة : قضاء الصدر/2 في مدينة الصدر == The Spatial Distribution For Schools In The Crowded Areas Study Area : Al - Sadder City - Al - Sadder\2 District

Author name: عادل كريم هامل
Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الجليل ابراهيم القره غولي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: City Master Plans
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • التوزيع المكاني
  • الخدمات التعليمية
  • كفاءة الخدمة
  • التحليل المكاني
  • نطاق الخدمة
  • المعايير المكانية
  • المعايير الكمية
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الخدمات التعليمية من اهم الخدمات المجتمعية المقدمة في المدن التي تساعدها لتادية وظائفها وتؤدي الى راحة ساكنيها، وبسبب هذه الاهمية فان تلك الخدمات التعليمية يجب ان تكون موزعة مكانيا بشكل متوازن يلبي حاجة السكان بصورة يسيرة ومريحة، وكلما كان هذا التوزي | The educational services of the most important community services provided in the cities and to help them to perform their functions and lead to comfort residents, and because of this importance, those educational services must be distributed spatially ba

دراسة مقارنة للخدمات الصحية بين المفهوم والتطبيق للمعايير المكانية الحالة الدراسية قطاع الكرادة == Acomparative Study of Health Services Between Concept And Application Standards Spatial - Case Study Sector Karrada

Author name: اكرم كامل عبد علي الشجيري
Supervisor name: مهيب كامل فليح الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: City Master Plans
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: That every city no matter how small they are offering jobs for its residents and take these jobs their space spatial form uses to share the land of the city, there are several uses take the board services, which is one of the most important elements that

تقييم الاثر البيئي لمحطة توليد الطاقة الكهربائية الحرارية في الناصرية == Environmental Impact Assessment For The Thermal Power Plant In Nasiriyah

Author name: ثامر ديوان كاظم
Supervisor name: Nada Khalifa AL | Reekabi
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الهدف الرئيسي للبحث كان لاظهار نوع الملوثات التي تطلقها محطة توليد الطاقة الكهربائية الحرارية في الناصرية وما هي تاثير تلك الملوثات على البيئة وما هي العناصر البيئية المتاثرة، باستعمال احد اذ Environmental impact assessment اساليب تحديد هذه التاثيرات | The main objective of the research was to show the type of pollutants released by power plant thermal in Nasiriyah and what is the impact of these pollutants on the environment and what are the environmental elements affected, using one of the methods to

اثر المتجاورات الاقليمية على بدائل التوسع الحضري : منطقة الدراسة عينة من مدن مختارة == Lmpact of Regional Juxtaposition on Urban Expansion Alternatives

Author name: فراس زير عبد المجيد الخواجة
Supervisor name: علي حسين محمد الجنابي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This research aims to determine the effect ofjaxtaposition regional in determining urban9xP&nS ion and thus see how it takesihe city when it expands, as I suppose this research that there is atrace ofjaxtaposition regional in urbinizationtrenis and strucf

الاثار الناتجة عن انتشار العشوائيات على المشهد الحضري للمدينة : منطقة الدراسة - حي اور == Effects of Slums Proliferation on The City Urban Townscape The of Case Study (HAY - OR)

Author name: سارة حيدر فنجان
Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الجليل ابراهيم القره غولي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد مناطق السكن العشوائي عبا كبيرا للنظام الاجتماعي والاقتصادي، واحدى مشاكل التنمية الاجتماعية فالتضخم الحاصل في حجم المناطق السكنية بسبب العشوائيات، ادى الى صعوبة في التعامل مع هذه المناطق من قبل الجهات التخطيطية والتنفيذية في العراق, ومن ابرز المشاكل | l problems of development Inflation is winning in the volume of residential areas because of the slums, leading to difficulty in dealing with these areas by the relevant planning and implementation in Iraq, and of the most prominent problems of the slums

دور السلطة المحلية في توفير خدمات الماء الصالح للشرب : دراسة تحليلية ميدانية في مدينة السليمانية == The Role of The Local Authority In Providing Drinking Water Services Analytical - Field Study In The Province of Sulaymaniyah

Author name: سارا عمر علي
Supervisor name: علي كريم عبود العمار
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Local Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اصبحت السلطات المحلية في الادارة من مقتضيات الحياة الراهنة، حيث يفضل الافراد اختيار من يدير شؤونهم بطريق الانتخاب لا التعيين، وكلما توسع الجهاز الاداري يصبح من الصعب تسييره باسلوب الادارة المركزية، وتكون الادارة اللامركزية احد عوامل رفع كفاءة هذا الج | The local authorities in the administration became the requirements of the current life where individuals prefer to choose whom manage their affairs through Selection not Nomination and whenever the expansion for the administrative part becomes difficult

الابعاد البيئية للمتنزهات العامة منطقة الدراسة الكاظمية (متنزه حسين علي محفوظ) == Environmental Aspects For Public Parks Study Area : Khadimyah District

Author name: سهاد رشك ثكب
Supervisor name: اريج خيري عثمان الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • مفهوم المتنزه
  • مفهوم المناطق الخضراء
  • اهمية المناطق الخضراء والمتنزهات العامة
  • المعايير التخطيطية للمتنزهات
  • المعايير التخطيطية للمناطق الخضراء
  • تقييم الاثر البيئي
First pages:
Abstract: الساحات الخضراء والمتنزهات العامة وجدت لتوافر جو هادئ ومريح لسكان المدينة، وخاليا من الملوثات وتوفير فرص الاتصال مع الطبيعة والاسترخاء وممارسة النشاطات الترفيهية، فضلا عن تعزيز الروابط بين افراد مجتمع المدينة الواحدة لاسيما انها تمثل بؤرا لتحقيق تلك | Green areas and public parks and found the availability of a quiet atmosphere and comfortable for city residents, and free of contaminants and provide opportunities contact with nature and relax and exercise recreational activities, as well as strengthen

دور القطاع الخاص في توفير خدمات البنى التحتية في قطاع الاسكان : دراسة ميدانية في مدينة الكاظمية - محلة 413 | 405 | 407 == The Role of The Private Sector In Provision of Infrastructure For The Housing Sector A Field Study In The City of Kadhmiyah Neighborhoods (407, 405, And 413)

Author name: استبرق صباح عبد الرضا
Supervisor name: علي كريم عبود العمار
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • خدمات البنى التحتية
  • القطاع الخاص
  • خصخصة
  • قطاع الاسكان
  • القطاع العام
First pages:
Abstract: يتقصى البحث دور القطاع الخاص في توفير خدمات البنى التحتية في قطاع الاسكان، من خلال اليات تخطيطية تمثل انتقالا كليا، او جزئيا من القطاع العام الى القطاع الخاص عن طريق تبني خصخصة تلك الخدمات للحصول على الكفاءة المطلوبة على المستوى الكمي، والنوعي، اذ تعد | This research examines the role of the private sector in supplying infrastructure services for the housing sector through planning mechanisms that represent a complete or partial transition of the public sector to the private sector by adopting the privat

الادارة البيئية لتطوير المناطق السياحية في بغداد منطقة الدراسة : متنزة الزوراء == The Environmental Management To Develop The Tourism Area In Al Zawra ' Park

Author name: رائد حسيب عبد الحميد
Supervisor name: Hussein Ahmed Al Sheddedey
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان تطبيق نظام الادارة البيئية المتكاملة يتم من خلال تحديد سياسة بيئية واضحة تهدف الى الوصول الى التنمية السياحية المستدامة مستخدمة كل ما متوفر من موارد طبيعية ومالية لتحسين الاداء البيئي في المناطق السياحية وقد تناول الفصل الاول بيان جميع متطلبات قيام هذا | The application of the Environmental Management is accomplished through setting clear environmental policy that aims to realize sustainable tourism development, relying and using on all the available natural and financial resources for the purpose of enha

دراسة التغيير في استعمالات الارض الحضرية باستخدام الـ GIS مدينة الكوفة == Studying The Change In The Urban Landuse By Using The Gis - The City of Kufa

Author name: زينة اياد جابر
Supervisor name: سهى مصطفى حامد الدليمي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The change may be considered one of the salient features in urban areas, for it contents different functions and services that have compound and complicated relationships and interactions, and as the urban land uses is reflection of the activities of the

حيازة الملكية العقارية ودورها في تحديد اتجاهات النمو الحضري لمدينة الدجيل == Acquisition of Predial Property And Its Role In Determining Trends In Urbanization of Dujail City

Author name: عادل جاسم محمد
Supervisor name: جمال باقر مطلك السعدي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: City Master Plans
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يتطلب التوسع الحضري استملاك الاراضي بحسب المساحة المطلوبة حتى سنة الهدف ووفق المعايير وبالاعتماد على العوامل المؤثرة بعد تمييزها ببدائل محددة المساحة والموقع وهذا الاستملاك يتطلب وضع دراسة تفصيلية عن عائدية الاراضي والقوانين التي تحكم كل صنف منها بما يخدم | Requires urbanization land acquisition, according to the space required until the target year and according to the criteria and depending on the factors influencing after distinguishable alternatives specific size and location and this acquisition require

تقييم توزيع المناطق الخضراء في مدينة الديوانية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية منطقة الدراسة : القطاع الثاني == Evaluating The Spatial Distribution of The Green Area In Diwaniyah City By Using Geographic Information Systems Case Study : The Second District

Author name: حيدر حمزة نجم
Supervisor name: عامر شاكر خضير الكناني
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: City Master Plans
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الاهمية البيئية والمناخية والترفيهية للمناطق الخضراء والمفتوحة
  • المعايير التخطيطية للمناطق الخضراء وتصنيفها حسب التدرج الهرمي
  • واقع حال المناطق الخضراء (منفذة, المخططة) في مدينة الديوانية
  • استخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS)
  • معيار سهولة الوصول
  • م
First pages:
Abstract: ان نجاح المدينة وتكاملها الوظيفي صار يعتمد على كفاءة خدماتهوامن هذه الخدمات خدمة المناطق الخضراء خاصة, فبكفاءتها تحقق ايصال الخدمة بعدالة لساكني المدينة. ولقد ادركت ادارات المدن في العديد من دول العالم المتقدم الاهمية البالغة للمناطق الخضراء كمرفق للاستر | the success of any city and integration of function in fulfilling its various functions which primarily depend on the efficiency of the Spatial Distribution Of The Green Area. By the efficiency of the Spatial Distribution Of The Green Area will send the

تقييم الاثر البيئي لصناعة الطابوق في مجمع معامل طابوق كصيبة - العمارة == Environmental Impact Assessment For Construction Projects (Case Study) Air Pollution of Ksabh Bricks Factories

Author name: شموس عبد الستار جبار حميد الشيحان
Supervisor name: اريج خيري عثمان الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • تقييم الاثر البيئي
  • صناعة الطابوق
  • الاطار التشريعي العراقي الخاص بمعامل الطابوق وتلوث الهواء
  • مجمع معامل طابوق كصيبة - العمارة
First pages:
Abstract: ان الصناعات الانشائية تعد من الصناعات الحيوية في العراق لعلاقتها المباشرة والفعالة بعملية التنمية، ومنتجاتها من الاساسيات التي يعتمد عليها في تطوير النشاط الاقتصادي في جميع قطاعاته الانتاجية والخدمية. وان من الضروري تحديد مدى تاثير تلك الصناعات واضرارها | This included research in the context of which the theoretical concept of environmental impact assessment of industrial projects as a tool for environmental planning successful, and his goals and requirements and steps, also included a general idea of the

دور المناطق الخضراء في تحقيق راحة حرارية في المدينة العراقية محلة 166 حي الاندلس حالة دراسية == The Role of Green Areas In Achieving Thermal Comfort In Iraqi City 166 Al - Andalus Neighborhood Locality Case Stud

Author name: محمد مهدي محمود
Supervisor name: عبد الوهاب احمد عبد الوهاب
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Iraqi cities are cities with hot dry climate, so the theme "the role of green areas in thermal comfort in the city" in order to detect the impact of green areas in the elements of the climate (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind) and

تقييم التوقيع المكاني للمجسرات الحديثة في مدينة بغداد == Evaluation The Spatial Location of Modern Overpasses In Baghdad City

Author name: علي تحسين اسماعيل
Supervisor name: فراس ثامر حمودي الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: City Master Plans
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • النقل الحضري
  • Urban Transportation
  • تخطيط النقل
  • Urban Plannin
  • نظام ادارة النقل
  • Transportation System Management
  • التقاطعات المرورية
  • Traffic Intersection
  • السعة
  • Capacity
  • مستوى الخدمة
  • Level of Service
  • زمن التاخير
  • Delay Time
  • الزحام ا
First pages:
Abstract: تعد المجسرات بنية تحتية ومظهرا من مظاهر تطور المدينة, لذلك فان اختيار وتوقيع مثل هذه المنشات في المدينة يتطلب تحديد دقيق لكفاءة الموقع المحدد والكفاءة في حل مشكلة الزحام المروري التي انشا المجسر لحلها.حيث تناول البحث هذا الموضوع لتقييم الفائدة والكفاءة | The overpasses one of the most important infrastructure and a manifestation of the development of the city, so the selection and signing of such structures in the city requires accurate determination of the efficiency of the selected location and efficien

كفاءة الخدمات التعليمية في مدن الضواحي منطقة الدراسة : ناحية الزهور == Efficiency of Educational Services In Suburbans : Study Area - Nahia Alzohor

Author name: محمد موسى رسن الساعدي
Supervisor name: سهى مصطفى حامد الدليمي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Local Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • كفاءة الخدمات التعليمية
  • الضواحي
  • مفهوم الخدمات
  • مفهوم الضواحي
  • ناحية الزهور
  • البيئة التعليمية
  • الخدمات التعليمية
  • المعايير التخطيطية
First pages:
Abstract: يشهد العراق ومنذ عقود من الزمن زيادات في النمو السكاني تتراوح بين ( 2.6% - 3% ) وان ثلث سكان العراق هم من فئة الاعمار الموازية لمراحل التعليم الابتدائي والمتوسط والاعدادي حيث يشير الهرم السكاني للعراق الى ان عمر السكان في عمر اقل من 15 سنة يشكلون نسبة ( 4 | Iraq has since decades increases in population growth between (2.6% - 3%) with a third of the population of Iraq are the age group parallel to the primary, intermediate and preparatory indicates where the population pyramid of Iraq that age of the populat

دراسة الاثار البيئية لمصفى الدورة == Study The Environmental Impacts of Dora Refinery

Author name: باسم شمخي رهل
Supervisor name: عبد الوهاب احمد عبد الوهاب
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الصناعة النفطية واثرها على البيئة خصائص مياه المخلفات الصناعية
  • معالجة المخلفات الصناعية السائلة
  • الاثار البيئية وعلاقتها بالصناعة
  • اهمية صناعة تصفية النفط في عملية التنمية
  • التاثيرات البيئية لمصافي النفط
  • مصافي تكرير النفط التاثيرات البيئية الملوثة
First pages:
Abstract: تمثل المشاكل البيئية احدى اهم التحديات التي تواجه البشرية في الوقت الحاضر وقد ارتبطت هذه المشاكل بالتصنيع، يكمن هدف البحث دراسة وتحليل التاثيرات البيئية الناتجة عن التوقيع الخاطئ لمصفى الدورة على بيئة اقرب مجمع سكني ونهر دجلة، وكذلك بيان الملوثات المطرو | Represent environmental problems, one of the major challenges facing humanity at the present time, and have been associated with problems, manufacturing problems, the objective of this research study was to analysis of the environmental impacts resulting

رصد الحركة المرورية على تقاطع الجادرية : دراسة تغيرات اوقات العمل الفصلية == Monitoring The Traffic on Al - Jadriah Intersection Studying The Variations of The Term - Work

Author name: خطاب عادل كريم
Supervisor name: مهيب كامل فليح الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: City Master Plans
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الخصائص التخطيطية لمدينة العلم الحوزوية الثقافية : دراسة تحليلية لمدينة العلم النجف الاشرف == Planning Characteristics of The Cultural City of Science Seminaries An Analytical Study of The City of Science - Najaf

Author name: يعقوب هادي عبد الرضا
Supervisor name: عبد الصاحب ناجي رشيد البغدادي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: City Master Plans
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الخصائص التخطيطية
  • الخصائص التخطيطية لمدينة العلم
  • مدينة العلم الحوزوية الثقافية
  • المجمع العلمي الثقافي
  • دراسة تحليلية لمدينة العلم
  • مدينة النجف الاشرف
  • مدينة العلم
  • مدينة العلم كمحلة سكنية
  • الجزء السكني
  • سكن الغزاب
  • الجزء التعليمي
  • قطاع الطرق
First pages:
Abstract: لقد اعتمد هذا البحث على دراسة خصائص مدينة العلم الحوزوية الثقافية باعتبارها نمط مختلف وجديد عن انماط المحلات السكنية الاخرى والمعروفة والتي سبق للكثير من الباحثين والمخططين الوقوف عليه والاحاطة بجميع ميزاتهواخصائصهواتطوير المعايير بما يتلاءم والحاجة الضرو | This research has depended on studying the characteristics of the cultural city of science of Hawza as a new and different pattern of other known housing neighborhoods which had already been focused on by researchers and planners who laid down the propert

التوسع المقترح في الحضرة الكاظمية ومدى تاثيره على النشاط التجاري للمنطقة المحيطة == The Effect of Expansion In Hadra Kadhimiya And Its Impact on The Commercial Activity of The Surrounding Area

Author name: حسنين مرتضى محمد حسن
Supervisor name: عامر شاكر خضير الكناني
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: City Master Plans
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد ركز المشروع في على دور الرمز المقدس (المرقد ) بتحديد هوية المدينة الاسلامية, وان التوسع والتطوير في المرقد يساهم بشكل فعال في تطوير مفردات هوية المدينة الاسلامية واحدى هذه المفردات هي (الاسواق التجارية ). ان هدف المشروع يكمن في : التنسيق بين عمليتي ال | The project focused on the role of the sacred symbol (shrine) by selecting the Islamic identity of the city, and the expansion and development in the shrine contribute effectively to the development of vocabulary Islamic identity of the city and one of th

دراسة الخدمات الصحية في محافظة صلاح الدين باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS

Author name: سعاد جاسم محمد
Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الجليل ابراهيم القره غولي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يقدم البحث دراسة مستفيضة عن واقع الخدمات الصحية في محافظة صلاح الدين اعتماد? على البيانات المتوفرة والخرائط ذات العلاقة. ولغرض تقييم كفاءة هذه الخدمات الصحية، تم مقارنة الاعداد المتوفرة حاليا للمستشفيات والاسرة ومراكز الرعاية الصحية الاولية والاطباء الاخ | The research presents a comprehensive study on the real health services in Salahuddin governorate based on available data and relevant maps. In order to evaluate the efficiency of these health services, a comparison is made between the numbers of hospita

تحليل التفاعل الوظيفي بين استعمالات الارض الحضرية : منطقة الدراسة السيدية == Analysis of Urban Land Use Functional Interaction Analyticai - Feild - Comparative Study For Alsaydia Citiy

Author name: هبة فائز كريم
Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الجليل ابراهيم القره غولي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دور مشاريع الاستثمار العقاري في التنمية منطقة الدراسة (محافظة بغداد) == The Role of The Real Estate Investment Projects In The Development (Province of Baghdad)

Author name: فرح سهيل سعدي
Supervisor name: لؤي طه محمد رشيد الملا حويش
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تقوم الباحثة في هذه الدراسة بتسليط الضوء على مشكلة البحث المتمثلة بالعقبات التي تواجه قطاع الاسكان اذ يتناول سوق السكن والتمويل العقاري، واستعراض مؤسسات التمويل العقاري في العراق فضلا عن دور القطاع الخاص عن طريق اقبال المستثمرين على تشييد المجمعات السكن | The researcher in this study highlighted the problem of the research of the obstacles faced by the housing sector as the housing market and mortgage deals, and the review of mortgage institutions in Iraq as well as the role of the private sector through i

تقييم الاثار البيئية للمولدات الكهربائية في مدينة بغداد منطقة الدراسة : الكرادة - محلة 903 == The Environmental Impact Assessment of The Generators In The Province of Baghdad The Study Area - The City of Karrada - The Locality of 903

Author name: رنا حازم حسن
Supervisor name: اريج خيري عثمان الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • تقييم الاثار البيئية الناجمة عن استخدام المولدات الكهربائية
  • تراكيز المواد السمية للانبعاثات
  • المساحة التي يمكن ان يصل اليها التلوث
  • تلوث الهواء
  • الضجيج
  • الاثار الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للمولدات
  • الطاقة الشمسية
  • طاقة الرياح
First pages:
Abstract: ادت ازمة الكهرباء الى الحاجة الملحة لاستعمال المولدات الكهربائية, لاسيما في الوقت الحاضر بسبب ارتباط الحياة بالتيار الكهربائي ارتباطا مباشرا, اذ اجبرت شحة الطاقة الكهربائية المواطنين على تجهيز الكهرباء الى المساكن والمحال التجارية, والاماكن, العامة, وال | The crisis of LacK of electricity has led to the urgent need for the uses of generators, especially at the present time due to direct link between human needs and using electricity. The scarcity of electric power had forced the citizens to supply electric

الادارة المحلية واثرها في التنمية السياحية منطقة الدراسة : محافظة بابل == Local Administration And Its Impact on Towrist Devlopment The Study Area - The Province of Babylon

Author name: علاء عبد الواحد جواد
Supervisor name: حسين احمد سعد الشديدي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Decentralized Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الادارة المحلية
  • التنمية المحلية
  • المشاركة المجتمعية
  • التنمية السياحية
  • التخطيط السياحي
  • محافظة بابل
  • تحميل SOWT
First pages:
Abstract: In order to know the role of the local administration in the development of tourism in light of administrative decentralization in the province of Babylon, the research dealt clarify many of the concepts and reflection in part, a practical application to

الاثر المكاني للمراقد المقدسة في ابراز المشهد الحضري للمدينة منطقة الدراسة : الكاظمية المقدسة == The Place Effect of Sacred Shrines In Urban Landscape Study Area - Al - Kadhemiya City

Author name: صادق عبد الزهرة غضبان العبودي
Supervisor name: عبد الجواد حسن عزيز الساعدي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعاني المشهد الحضري لمدن المراقد المقدسة من ازمة حاد ة تتجلى ملامحها الرئيسة في الاهمال الكبير لتاثير مكان المراقد الموجودة، فحدثت فوضى في تخطيط النسيج العمراني ومعالجات تصميمية وحضرية ومعمارية منسوخة ومنقولة عن الغرب وغير مدروسة كمحاولات للتطوير وظهرت | The townscape of sacred shrines suffer from a sharp emergency that appear in the big neglect of influence of the shrines location, then a confusion happen inconstruction fabric planning and a design, urban, architectural treatments were copied and transp

اثر التوقيع المكاني للصناعات النسيجية في مدينة الكاظمية في اعادة التوزيع المكاني للسكان == Following The Signing of The Spatial Textile Industries In The City of Txtile Industries In The City of Kadhimiya on The Spatial Distribution of The Population

Author name: ريام صالح حسن سدخان
Supervisor name: محمد جاسم محمد علي شعبان العاني
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة حساب التاثيرات الموقعية لصناعة الغزل والنسيج في الكاظمية التي تعود الى تاريخ مبكر من نشات هذة الصناعة, ويضع البحث فرضية لتوزيع السكان على انطقة المدينة وصولا الى هدف البحث في التوزيع الامثل للسكان على الانطقة وقد تضمن المشروع الاسس والمفاهي | This project involves the theoretical basis and concepts for the signing of industries in the cities and the importance of the industry in the development of economically and socially cities as well as the most important elements of industrial resettle an

التخطيط الفعال للمحميات الطبيعية منطقة الدراسة : اهوار العراق == Effective Planning of Nature Reserves Case Study : Iraqi Marshlands

Author name: بسمة فاضل خلف
Supervisor name: حسين احمد سعد الشديدي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الهدف الرئيسي من اجراء البحث هو تغيير النظرة الى المحميات من كونها معوق للتنمية الى امكانية للتنمية العمرانية والقاء الضوء على مفاهيم المحميات ودراسة الوضع الراهن لموقع المحمية الطبيعية في اهوار العراق ودراسة مختلف العوامل التي ادت الى انشاء هذه المحمي | The main aim of conducting research is to change the perception of reserves from being disabled for development to the possibility for physical development and shed light on the concepts of reserves and the study of the status national protected site of m

ظاهرة الاندثار في الوحدات السكنية التقليدية منطقة الدراسة : مركز مدينة الكاظمية == The Depreciation of Housing Units Traditional Case Study The (Old City of Al Kadhimiya)

Author name: اسراء عبد الرحمن فاضل الطائي
Supervisor name: لؤي طه محمد رشيد الملا حويش
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث الموسوم (عوامل الاندثار في الوحدات السكنية وامكانية الحد منها في المناطق التقليدية ) دراسة المدينة التقليدية ككيان موحد بكل استعمالاته واسلوب الترابط بينهواالعلاقات الوظيفية بين تلك الاستعمالات، فالمدينة وحدة تخطيطية متكاملة هي نتاج الفكر الم

تقييم كفاءة شبكة الشوارع والطرق محور تقاطع حي الجامعة ساحة كهرمانة == Evalluatiing The Effffiiciiency Off Roads And Streets Networks Axiis Iintterrsecttiion Uniiverrsiitty Diisttrriictt - Kahrramana Squarre

Author name: حنين محمود عبد
Supervisor name: فراس ثامر حمودي الراوي
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Urban and Regional Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The present study is conducted with the objective of evaluating the The Efficiency of Roads and Street Net In Karrada Dakhil Street, Furthermore, several putting improvement proposals to overcome the traffic problems in the study area and most importantly

اهمية القطاع السياحي في التنمية المستدامة منطقة الدراسة : مدينة بابل الاثرية == The Importance of The Tourism Sector In Sustainable Development Study Area The Ancient City of Babylon

Author name: نور جبار محمد
Supervisor name: ضياء رفيق مرجان
General topic: Urban Planning
Specific topic: Environmental Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Higher Institute Of Urban And Regional Planning - Urban And Regional Planning Center For Postgraduate Studies
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • السياحة
  • التخطيط السياحي
  • التنمية المستدامة
  • التمنية السياحية المستدامة
  • المانطق الاثرية
First pages:
Abstract: لم تكن السياحة ظاهرة اجتماعية حديثة بل هي قديمة قدم تاريخ الانسان نفسه، حيث عرفها الانسان منذ نشاته الاولى. فقد تعد قطاعا بالغ الاهمية لتاثيرها البارز اجتماعيا وثقافيا واقتصاديا وعمرانيا وبيئياعلى المدن، فضلا عن ذلك فهي تتيح من خلالها امكانية ال | Were not modern social tourism epithelium are as old as human history itself, where known to man since its inception first. It has longer sectorscritical to influence prominent socially, culturally and economically, urban cities, in addition allows where
1 ... 44 45 46 47 48 ... 70