المستخلص: The present study was carried out in Thi - Qar province during the period from beginning of January until the end of December 2015 to investigate the prevalence of infection with hydatidosis in human and other intermediate hosts. The molecular techniques was used to detect the strain of Echinococcus granulosus. The present study diagnosed 58 infection with hydatidosis in different organs such as liver, lungs, kidney and spleen of surgically treated patients in AL - Hussein Imam Teaching Hospital inNassiriyah city, centre of Thi - Qar province. The total number of hydatid cysts was 72 cyst in different organs with total intensity of infection 1.24. The females recorded highest percentage of infection 67.24% than males 32.76 %, and the age group 21 - 30 year showed highest percentage of infection 24.14 % . The lowest percentage recorded in age group more than 60 year 5.17 %.The results of study showed that right lobe of liver was more affected 58.62 % than left lobe 13.79 %. The percentage of left lung infection was 10.34 % while right lung 8.62 %. The total average of fertile cysts in infected organs was 81.82 % and sterile cysts 18.18 %. The highest percentage of infection was recorded in house women 87.18 %. The number of recorded cases in Nassiriyah district was 21 case with percentage of infection 36.21 %.During the same period a total of 1303, 1287, 405, 90, and 294 head from sheep, cattle, buffaloes, camels and goats were examined respectively.The percentage of infection was 7.83 %, 7.69 %, 3.46 % and 2.22 % in sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels respectively, and no infection was recorded in goats. The intensity of infection was 4.07, 3.27, 1.64 and 2 in sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed no significant differences (P????0.05) in percentage and intensity of infection.The percentage infection of liver, lungs and both together in sheep was 5.45 %, 1.23 % and 1.15 % respectively, and there was no significant differences in percentage of infection but intensity of infection differed significantly(P????0.05). The percentage of liver, lungs, both together and spleen infection in cattle were 3.11 %, 2.95 % , 1.55 % and 0.08 % respectively while intensity of infection in liver, lungs, both together and spleen was 2.5, 2.18, 7 and 1 respectively. The percentage of liver, lungs and both together infection in buffaloes were 2.22 %, 0.99 % and 0.25 % respectively while intensity of infection in liver, lungs and both together was 1.89, 1 and 2 respectively. No significant differences in percentage and intensity of infection in camels andboth percentage and intensity of infection in liver and lungs were 1.11% and 2 respectively.High significant differences was recorded between percentage infection in males and females of animals. The percentage of infection in females were 15.87 %, 13.42 %, 6.99 % and 3.45 % in sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels respectively. Highest percentage of infection were 0.72 %, 0.18 % and 0.46 % in males of sheep, cattle and buffaloes respectively. No infection were recorded in males of camels.T he age was effect on percentage of infection and big aging groups recorded in sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels. The present study recorded significant differences in percentage of fertile hydatid cysts in liver and lungs of animals and highest of percentage of fertility recorded in liver and lungs of sheep 84.21 % and 79.24 % respectively and lower percentage of fertility was in liver of buffaloes 11.11% and liver of cattle 14.70 %. The lower percentage of sterile hydatid cysts was in liver and lungs of sheep 15.79 % and 20.75 % respectively and highest percentage recorded in liver of buffaloes 88.88 % and spleen of cattle 100 %.S t a tistical analysis using of ANOVAs test showed no significant differences in total length, length of blade and width for large and small protoscolices hooks of hydatid cysts isolated from liver and lungs of sheep, human, cattle buffaloes, camels and hooks of sheep which is showed genetic variations (new strain).The PCR - RFLP technique was used in identification of E.granulosus strains infecting human and intermediate hosts in Thi - Qar province. The molecular study is carried out on 75 hydatid cysts collected from human, sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels. The DNA is extracted from protoscolices of hydatid cysts isolated from infected organs. PCR - RFLP technique showed that sheep strain G1 of E.granulosus is predominant in Thi - Qar province depending on amplification of rDNA - ITS1 gene. The PCR products in all DNA samples showed 1000 bp approximately. Alu1 endonuclease with rDNA - ITS1 demonstrated two bands 800 bp and 200 bp approximately, while Rsa1 endonuclease showed two bands 655 bp and 345 bp approximately which is similar to sheep strain genotype 1.Sequence analysis for rDNA - ITS1 gene showed the presence of sheepstrain genotype 1 which is similar 100 % to sheep strain in gene bank exceptone isolate (sheep liver) was differs from other strains in position ofnucleotide sequence. It was similar 99 % for sequence of sheep strain. Thedata base of this new strain was recorded in gene bank for DNA sequence National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) for the first time globally under the name Echinococcus granulosus strain WH1AW2 (GenBank : LT547814). Polymerase chain reaction technique and sequence analysis of mtCOX1 gene showed the presence of sheep strain G1 of human, sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels. The sequence analysis showed the genetic variation in mtCOX1 gene for hydatid cyst in infected sheep represented by point mutation type transition which caused change Adenine to Guanine, and sequence data base of the sample recorded for first time in NCBI and ENA (GenBank : LC203589). Buffaloes strain G3 isolated from human lung recorded for first time in Thi - Qar province depending on comparison of samples sequences with source strains recorded in gene bank (NCBI) using "BLAST". The size of bands for mtCOX1 gene was 450 bp in all samples

مستويات الاديبونكتين والابلين والهرمونات الاخرى والمعايير الدموية اثناء الحمل وفي مرضى متلازمة المبيض متعدد الاكياس == Adiponectin, Apelin and other Hormones Levels and Blood Indices during Pregnancy and in Patients with Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome

اسم المؤلف: هناء سلمان كاظم

اسم المشرف: طه جاسم الطه | علي فالح الاسدي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study aimed to determine the levels of adiponectin and apelin and their relations with all parameters. Investigation in the present study included; hormones, lipid profile, liver enzymes activity and haematological profile in groups of Iraqi Basrah pregnant women during different months of pregnancy and to correlate these levels to maternal age, Body Mass Index, excepted parity and sex of fetuses and correlated with level of adiponectin and apelin hormones only and the results were compared with non - pregnant females as control group. The present study included (180) women ranging from 20 - 40 years old, out of them (70) pregnant and (20) non - pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs), and (90) females non - pregnant were considered as control group. The pregnant women attended the obsteric units in the general state hospitals in Basra Governorate. They are as follows : Al - Basra General Hospital for Maternity and Childhood, Al - Mawane, Al - Fayha’a and Basra General Hospital which drain most patients from urban and rural areas. None of the selected women suffered from any type of disease. Required data were collected by the researcher depending on direct interview with women before being admitted to the study, using a questionnaire including information on age, parity, month of pregnancy, and geographical area..The Women were divided into two age group (≤ 27 and ≥28 years). Moreover, females were also divided according to BMI into normal (≤ 25), over weight (25 - 30) and Obese (≥30).The month of gestation was determined not only from the date of the women’s last menstruation (LMP) but also according to the ultrasonic reports that pregnant women had. Blood samples (10 ml) were taken from pregnant women at the end of each month of pregnancy and from control group as well as from women with PCOs. Each blood sample was divided into EDTA tube (2 ml) which was used for complete hematological picture study (RBC, Hb, PCV, PLT, WBCs count and WBCs differential count) and the plain tube (8 ml) where the serum was obtained, for biochemical study (Adiponectin, Apelin, testosterone, Progesterone, estradiol, follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, insulin, lipid profile and liver enzymes).The results indicated that maternal age had no significant effect on the level of adiponectin, apelin, FSH and LH hormones, while the study showed a significantly effect on level of progesterone, estradiol, testosterone and insulin hormones between pregnant and non - pregnant women. Adiponectin levels decreased in pregnant and non - pregnant females with increased body mass index whereas apelin, estradiol, progesterone and insulin levels increased. When the comparison between pregnant and non - pregnant women was done, a decrease in adiponectin and apelin was noticed. Accompanied by an increase in the level of estradiol, testosterone, progesterone and insulin hormones in pregnant women compared to non - pregnant women.Women with PCOs showed low levels of both Adiponectin and apelin with high levels of Testosterone and Insulin.Results also revealed that age had no effect on total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL, in both pregnant and non - pregnant females, but when the BMI was taken in consideration, high levels of these parameters were found in - group of BMI (obese). In addition, the present study showed that age had no effect on liver enzymes (AST and ALT) while ALP showed that the behavior increased up as a different high body mass index in pregnant women, in comparison with the control group. However, ALP activity also increased in high BMI group.Hematological study showed that age had no effect on RBC, Platelets, and hematocrit. Similar results were found when BMI was taken in consideration. Total WBCs showed a non - significant increase in pregnant women as compared with the control group. Adiponectin levels were significantly higher in pregnant females carrying female fetuses compared to those with male fetuses, while the other hormone apelin did not differ between the two groups. The Result of the present study revealed that adiponectin was significantly decreased as apelin was significantly increased with the increased parity.

دراسة فعالية بعض مستخلصات الطحلب الاخضر Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.,1820 على الاكياس العذرية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch,1786 وكمضادات لخط الخلايا السرطانية نوع HeLa == Study of the activity of some of the green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.,1820) extracts on Hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch,1786) and as anticancer cells type HeLa

اسم المؤلف: غزوان طالب نوري الجابر

اسم المشرف: صبيح هليل المياح | احمد محسن عذبي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the activity of green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis extracts (methanol and hexane extracts) on growth and development of hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro and in vivo by using mice type Mus musculus Balb\c that in comparing with albendazole drug. Anti - cancer activity was also evaluated in vitro for both algal extracts by using HeLa cells. Chemical compositions of algal extracts were analyzed by using Gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy (Gc - mass)technique . The hydatid cysts were collected from livers and lungs of infected sheep which slaughtered in Basrah abattoir. While, The algae specimens were collected from Abu Sokhir marshland area /north of Basra. The results revealed that E.intestinalis chemical compounds are carbohydrate , alkaloids, phenols , saponins , triterpenes and sterols compounds. In vitro study showed that the 1 mg / mouse weight of albendazole drug was able to reduce the percentage of protoscolices activity to zero after the third day of treatment. While, the dose 6 98 mg / kg of methanol extract inhibited all protoscolices after five days of treatment, followed by the dose 804 mg / kg of hexan extract that inhibited all protoscolices after six days of treatment.In vivo study revealed that the methanol extract (698 mg / kg) treatment was the best in reducing the weights of organs significantly in comparison with the positive control group it was 2.192 , 0.192 , 0.434 and 0.282 g of liver, spleen, lung and kidney respectively. The methanol extract (698 mg / kg) treatment lowered the average number of hydatid cysts (2.6) more than other extracts treatments , then followed by hexane extract (804 mg / kg) treatment it was 2.8 cyst .This study has identified that the liver enzymes Aspartate transaminase (ALT) and Alanine transaminase (AST) values in the serum of positive control group were higher significantly than negative control group the value of the enzyme ALT was 79 IU / l and the value of the enzyme AST was 118.4 IU / l.All methanolic extracts groups showed a preference in enzyme's values compared with other treatments groups , the value of ALT enzyme of 698 , 688 and 678 mg / kg of methanol extract groups were 46.8 , 45.8 and 44.6 IU / l respectively, while all hexane extracts groups showed a preference in AST enzyme values compared to the other treatments groups, the value of AST enzyme of 804 , 794 and 784 mg / kg of hexane extract groups were 73.6 , 70.2 and 70.4 IU / l respectively. Found a significant increase in the number of white blood cells WBCs in a positive control group ( 4.6 × 013μ), compared with a negative control group and the other groups, While it has been found significant decrease in the Hb (5..8deciliter) and Packed cell volume (PCV) (31..%) values in positive control group as compared with control negative group. The study found that the number of white blood cells WBCs n the methanolic extract group (678 mg / kg) was 4.06 × 103 microliter was as same as in the negative control group, In contrast, hexane extract group (804 mg/ kg) has did not significant difference with negative control group in the Hb and PCV were 11.5 g / dl and 36.8% respectively .Histological study confirmed that there are the histological changes in positive control group included congestion , bleeding , degeneration , infiltration of inflammatory cells and hyperplasia. Whereas the histological changes in group treated with albendazole were bleeding, infiltration of inflammatory cells , atrophy of the glomerulus and fibrosis in some areas . In algal extracts groups the histological changes were infiltration of inflammatory cells, bleeding and congestion.The Gc mass results revealed that the ethanol extract contains loliolide , ethyl stearate , palmitic Acid , ethyl palmitate , phytol , ethyl oleate , ethylhexyladipate and squalene compounds. While, hexane extract has N, Ndimethyltetradecylamine , diisobutyl phthalate , palmitic Acid , ethyl palmitate and ethylhexyladipate compounds.Anti - cancer study showed the algal extracts have an inhibition activity against cancer cells, The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of the methanol extract was 79.08 μ/ ml, While, the IC50 for hexane extract was 156.3 μ/ ml.

دراسة تشريحية تصنيفية لبعض من نباتات العائلة السوسبية Euphorbiaceae في العراق == Anatomical and Taxomanical study for some plant of Euphorbiaceae family in IRAQ

اسم المؤلف: امل علي ياسين الحسن

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The study was conducted to investigate several taxonomic aspects which comprised the micro - morphological studies of epidermal layer of leaves, pollen grains, fruits and seeds.In addition to that, the anatomical and molecular studies for 12 species of Euphorbiaceae family which belonged to five genera AndrachneL. , Chrozophora L., Euphorbia L, Mercurialis L. and RicinusL., were performed. One representative species for each genuswas selected; in exception 8 species were chosen for the genus Euphorbia..The current results confirmed that the anatomical characters showed valuable taxonomic traits which can evidently be used to distinguish between species. The most prominent trait was mesophylla tissue in leaves which were observed in three categories;1 - Bifacial leaves : - which found in C.tinctoria, Euphorbia sp ., E. milii, E.annua and R.comminus 2 - Uni - facial (heterogenus) leaves : - this category of the mesophyll was detected in two species only A.telephioides and E.prostrata3 - Uni - facial (homogenus) leaves : - this category were noticed in five species; E.denticulata ,E.helioscopia ,E,macrocarpa , E.microsphaeia and E.peplus The second important comparative anatomical character was the Mid rib, which are in four types with several shapes from which discrimination between the species can be made : - 1. Convex - concave mid rib : - that was showed in E.helioscopia, E.macrocarpa, E.milii and M.annua.2. Convex - convex : - This type was found in three species C.tinctoria , Euphorbia sp.and R. comminus3. Flat - Convex : - This type of mid rib was observed in A.telephioides E.microsphaera, E.peplus and E.prostrata4. Flat - Flat : - This type was observed in only one species E.denticulata In stem, the most prominent parts of taxonomic evidence were pith and vascular bundles.In according to the pith, species can be divided into hollow stem (without pith) and solid stem (containing medulla good configuration). Hollow stem was clear in the stems of A.telephioides , E.microsphaera , E.prostrata and M.annua. While, the solid stem wasseen in the remaining species. Vascular bundles were existed in two types; that's connected vascular bundles that's characterized the hollow stems, and separate vascular bundles. In most of the species with the exception of M. annua, stem with scatteredvascular bundles were in cortex As well as, petiole which have features that a clear taxonomy values .either by outline of petiole or its vascular arc.Micro - morphological studies of epidermal layer of leaves showed very important taxonomical value. This layer of leaves reveals variation in shape of ordinary epidermal cell and nature of anticline cell wall, stomata complexes and Epicuticlular wax crystals.Micro - morphological of pollen was taxonomic evidence as well. It can be considered to divide the species of Euphorbiaceae family into two groups based on the number of germination apertures 1 - Hexocorporate : - this type was confined to C.tinctoria2 - Tricolporate all species studied remainingThe sculpture of pollen wall provided beneficial information invested in the species identification.Both seeds and fruits showed a distinctive role in species identification. Micromorophological study of seeds for species which belong to six genera Andrachne , Chrozophora, Euphorbia, Mercurialis , Phyllanthus and Ricinus were achieved by using Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). The study concentrated on micro - morphological aspect of Caruncle, seed surface ornamentation and the shape of epidermial cell wall. The result revealed that most studied species were with carunclated seeds ,but some specieswere with ecarunclated seeds as in A.telephioides L. ,C. tinctoria( L) Raf , E.prostrata Atin and P. maderaspatensis L Seed surface ornamentation characteristics showed a significant taxonomical value.Furthermore, current result showed that there are a highly variation in shape, size and color of the seeds walls. With respect to the fruits characteristics, which showed variations in number of mercarpi, shape, size, color and surface ornamentation that can be adopted in the separation of the species studied Molecular study provided significant support for phenotypic and anatomical classification and support genetic convergence between the species in Euphorbiacea family. The genus Euphorbia species showed a significant genetically convergence and participated in predecessors monophyletic. However, the genera in Euphorbiacea family under study probably originated and evolved from different ancestors’ polyphyletic.

دراسة تصنيفية وحياتية للديدان الخيطية عائلة Tetrameridae Travassos, 1914 المتطفلة على بعض انواع الطيور في هور السناف محافظة ذي قار == Taxonomic and Biological Studies of Nematodes of the Family Tetrameridae Travassos, 1914 in the Some Birds in Sinaph marsh Thi - Qar province

اسم المؤلف: نهى جبار عبد الركابي

اسم المشرف: باسم ھاشم عبد الله

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: A total of 401 represented by 128 birds of Himantopus himantopus which belong to the family Recurvirostridae , 93 birds of Chettusia leucura which belong to the family charadriidae and 180 birds of Sturnus vulgaris which belong to the family sturnidae at the period from April 2014 to march 2015 in Al - Sanaf marsh , Suq - Al - Shuyukh city southern of the Thi - Qar province,for searching the nematodes which belong to the family Tetrameridae. Four species of nematodes, which belong to the family Tetrameridae, were isolated in the current study. They were T.nouveli, T.dubia, T.spinosa and Microtetrameres inermis. The H. himantopus was infected with the nematode T.nouveli and the prevalence of infection was 25.8% , bird.Furthermore, the Chettusia leucura was infected, the mean intensity was 3.3 worm in each infected birds. The nematode T.dubia was isolated from H. himantopus with the isolated from the Ch. Leucura mean intensity was 1.7.The nematode T.spinosa was isolated from H. himantopus the the mean intensity of infection was 2.3 and it was isolated from the Ch. leucura , the prevalence of infection 4.3% and the mean intensity was 1.8 worm in each infected worm.The record of these three nematode is considering the first record in Iraq.Microtetrameres inermis was isolated from the Sturnus vulgaris, the each infected birds.Himantopus himantopus from April 2014 to March of 2015.This bird was infected with three species from family Tetrameridae, The seasonal variation study of infection prevalence of Tetrameres spp.in, H. himantopus that there was II Summarycomplete seasonal cycle for nematodes T.nouveli, T.dubia , and T.spinosa .The nematode T.nouveli had hightest infection prevalence in summer the decrease in autumn, winter and spring while the infection prevalence of nematode T.dubia was hight in summer and autumn then decrease in winter and spring. The infection prevalence of nematode T.spinosa was generally low with little increase in autumn .The results of the current of the Ch. leucura indicated that this bird was infected with three species which nematodes T.nouveli, T.dubia and T.spinosa and they had seasonal appearance . There was not any significant effect of host sex on prevalence of infection, and it showed decreased in prevalence of infection when the bird's weight was increased.The study of lifecycle of nematodes : T.nouveli ,T.dubia and M. inermis revealed obtainment the larval stages after success the infection experimental of the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria for the first time the three isolated nematodes from family Tetrameridae in this study which it was T.nouveli , T. dubia and M.inermis and was included the lifecycle of the three species . The differences were including the period of time to produce and developing the larval stages in addition to the differences in their shapes, it was revealed that were clear differences in the structure and their shape of the tip the posterior end of the third larval stage. The end of the third larval stage of the nematode T. nouveli had three caudal papilla and the posterior end of nematode T.dubia had five caudal papilla while the end of the third larval stage of M.inermis did not have any caudal papilla , so we can distinguish these nematode larval stage depended on the prevalence this character in their third larval stage.The experimental infection of the Columba livia domestica with nematode M.inermis was successful.While the experimental infection to the Columba livia domestica with nematode T.nouveli ,T.dubia .was failed The experimental infection of the Gallus domestica with nematodes of Tetrameridae T.nouveli, T.dubia and M.inermis was failed too.

اسم المؤلف: علاء ناظم حاتم علي

اسم المشرف: ضياء خليف كريم

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

التغيرات الكيميوحيوية المصاحبة للشد الملحي وتقييم دور مستخلص الطحلب الاخضر Cladophora crispata في نبات الرز Oryza sativa L. المستزرع نسيجيا

اسم المؤلف: عبد الامير رحيم عبيد

اسم المشرف: حسيي خلف زاير | لوى حسين عبد القادر

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This study was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory at the Dept. of biology, College of Education pure Sciences from 1/3/2012 - 1/12/2014.With the objective of studing the tolerance of the salt stress of two rice (Oryza sativa L.)cultivars namely Anber and Furat using the technology of tissue culture. . Mature seeds (mature embryo and endosperm) were used as bing parts of explants which were cultivated in a semi - sold( Murashige and Skoog 1962) nutrient medium and some additives such as vitamins and amino acids .The growth regulator Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2.4 - D)was used, about 8mg/l , sucrose at 30g.l - 1 . . The study ,also ,tested the effect maltose at 30g.l - 1, and the effect of 0.5g/l of casein hydrolest were tested.the study also included the different of sea water concentrations (0,20,40,60)%on the induction of growth and development of callus ,the effect of green algae extract at Cladophora crispate by adding 1g fresh weight to the nutrient medium with all sea water concentrations.All the features of the callus were tested as well as the effect of the interaction between sea water concentrations and algae extract , as well as interactions among rice cultivar x sea water concentration x algal extract.The study depended on some growth indicators to determine the degree of callus to tolerance towards salt stress .the resistance of callus to salt depended on regeneration through the required of time for the formation of embryos ,number of germinated embryos ,and number of plantlets .The concentration of the major metal ion : sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium ,magnesium, potassium/sodium percentage , and the minor metal ions : iron ,copper, manganese were also some chemical components such as protines and amino acid proline measured, were also measured .The randomized block design (C.R.D)and factorial experiments were used depending ten replicates per treatment .The results can be summarized as follows : 1 - The results showed that the addition of sugar di maltose as an energy source and Casein hydrolyses to the nutrient medium had appositive effect on significant decrease in the required time to mitiate the callus ,in the increase of callus induction percentage and in the increase of freshweight of initial callus. .2 - The effect of sea water and algae extract : . A - The current study shaued that the addidtion of 20 and 40 % sea water to the nutrient medium resulted in a significant increase in the required time to induce the callus ,and a significant decrease in the percentage of callus induction and weight of the mitial callus as compared with the control treatment .The concentration 60%0f sea water caused the mature seeds to lose their ability to germinate and induce the callus if no induction occurs at all . The effect of algae extract resulted in a significant decrease in the required time for callus induction ,and a significant increase in the percentage of callus induction ,the weight of the mitial callus and 0,20,40% of sea water as compared with free algae extract medium.B - The results showed that the addition of 20% of sea water to the nutrient medium that is prepared for the growth of the embryo callus led to a significant increase in the fresh weight as compared with the control treatment , whereas the two concentrations 40 and 60%sea water led to a significant decrease in the embryo callus weight .The effect of the algae extracted to a significant increase in the fresh weight of the embryo callus with sea water concentrations as compared with the free algae extract medium.C - The addition of 20,40 and 60%sea water cause a significant decrease in the number of the somatic embryos ,thir germination auerage ,number and germination of the formed plantlets . This addition also caused a significant increase in the required time to stare the germination of the somatic embryos as compared with the control treatment .The addition of the algae extract led to increase the number of formed embryos ,germination percentage ,and number and percentage of plantlets ,wher was the addition led to lower the required time to germination the embryos compared with the free algae extract medium.D - The addition of 20 ,40 and 60% sea water to the nutrient medium resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of sodium ,calcium ,and magnesium ion in the embryo callus ,while a significant decrease occurred in the concentration of potassium and phosphorus ion and thedpotassium/sodium percentage as compared with the control treatment .The abone mentioned concentrations 0f sea water led to significant increase in concentration of ion ,copper, and zinc ions ,and significant decrease in manganese ion ,The addition of the algae extract caused in lowering the concentration of sodium ion .This decrease was significant in the 60 % sea water medium. The ingrease of potassium ,calcium ,phosphorus, and magnesium ion in embryo callus tissue when compared with free algae extract medium and was significant with some sea water concentration.E - The results ,also ,showed that the addition on 20, 40 and 60% concentrations0f sea water resoled in a significant decrease in concentration of some chemical ingredients such as protein and amino acid proline of the embryo callus in comparison with the control treatment . as far as the effect of the algae extract is concerned ,the addition of this extract to the nutrient medium led to a significant increase in the concentration of the proteins and amino acid prolne as well as with all sea water concentrations.F - The results of study showed that the addition of 20,40,60% sea water led to a significant increase in the rate 0f effectiveness 0f the enzyme Super oxide dismutase (S.O.D) and enzyme Ascorbate peroxides (APX),reaching the highest rate of effectiveness of the enzyme at the concentration 0f 60% compared with the comparative treatment , whil the highest average of the effectiveness of enzyme Catalase (CAT)and glutathione piroxidase (GP)and polyphenoloxidase (ppo)was at the concentration 20%sea water then it started to decline when increasing the concentration of sea water from 40 to 60% As for the algae extract it has been shown from the results of the current study that the addition of algae extract to nutrient medium to a high effectiveness of enzyme SOD,CAT ,APX and GP and more significant with all concentration of sea water The impact of algae extract on the effectiveness of the enzyme PPO has led to increasing the effectiveness of this enzyme but did not amount to a significant level except with sea water nutrient medium .G - The results of the current study showed a significant increase of the Amber cutivar in the percentage of the callus induction and the required time of this induction as well as the Wight of the initial and embryo callus ,number and germination percentage of thesomatic embryo , number of plantlets ,as wall as the percentage of the accumulation of potassium ,phosphorus ,calcium, and manganese ions ,as will as in the potassium/sodim ratio focus histidine proline and the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD and CAT enzyme and enzyme GP. While the product was higher than in the accumulation of Firat magnesium ion ,zinc copper and in the effectiveness of the enzyme in APX & PPO . .

واقع التلوث بالمركبات الهيدروكابونية في المياة والرواسب وبعض الاحياء المائية في مهر الكحلاء محافظة ميسان / العراق == The Status of Hydrocarbon Compounds Pollution of Water, Sediments and Some Aquatic Biota in Al - Kahlaa River - Missan Province /Iraq

اسم المؤلف: صالح حسن جازع

اسم المشرف: عبد الحسن يوسف العضب | حامج طالب السعد

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study was performed to have knowledge of hydrocarbon compounds pollution status in the water (dissolved and particulate fractions),sediments ,two species of aquatic plants (Ceratophyllum demersum and Paspalum pespaioides) ,two species of fishes(Liza abu and Carassius auratus) and one species of molluscs (Pseudodantopsis euphraticus) .The samples were collected monthly for the period November 2012 to October 2013 from four different stations ) Al - Magideh, Treatment unit, Al - Husaichi and Al - Zubair) distributed along Al - Kahlaa River in Missan province , in addition to Reference station lies on the Tigris River before entering Amara district about 25 Km .The sampling's months were divided into four typical seasons although this is incompatible with Iraq climate.As well as measures of some ecological parameters (water and air temperatures ,pH ,turbidity, electrical conductivity ,dissolved oxygen , biological oxygen demand BOD5 and total suspended solid) which ranged between 22 and 42 C˚ , 18 and 31 C˚ , 6.9 and 7.82 , 42 and 172 NTU , 12 and 118 μS/cm , 4.66 and 9.25 mg/l , 1.46 and 5.04mg/l ,33 and 108 mg/l respectively .In addition to that the Organic Matter(OM) and the texture were measured in the sediment samples. OM values ranged between 0.078 and 0.927% , whereas the percentage of the texture was ( 15 %clay, 71% silt and 14% sand),(31 %clay, 63% silt and 6% sand), (33 %clay, 57% silt and 10% sand) , (40 %clay, 47% silt and 13% sand) and (18 %clay, 55% silt and 27% sand) in Al - Magideh, Treatment unit , Al - Husaichi , Al - Zubair and Reference stations respectively .The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs)were measured by using spectrofluorometer. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in dissolved fraction ranged between 1.36 μg/l in Reference station and 13.87 μg/l in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively ,and in particulate fraction between 2.69 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 29.92 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively ,while in sediments they ranged between 3.16μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 135.18 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in C. demersum ranged between 5 μg/g dry weight during winter and 58.97 μg/g dry weight during summer , while in P. pespaioides between 3.18 μg/g dry weight during winter and 43.44 μg/g dry weight during summer. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in L. abu ranged between 4.81 μg/g dry weight during spring and 37.3 μg/g dry weight during summer ,while in C. auratus between 2.51 μg/g dry weight during spring and 29.303 μg/g dry weight during autumn . Concentrations ofbtotal petroleum hydrocarbons in P. euphraticus ranged between 5.98 μg/g dry weight during spring and 119.75 μg/g dry weight during summer .The concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) and n - alkanes were determined in the laboratories of Nihran Omer (South Oil Company in Basrah province ) ,using Gas Chromatography.Total concentrations of n - alkanes in dissolved fraction ranged between 0.027μg/l in Reference station and 0.192 μg/l in Al - Husiachi station during winter and between 0.016 μg/l in Reference station and 0.039 μg/l in Treatment unit during summer ,and for particulate fraction between 0.108 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 2.096 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during winter and between 0.101 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 0.160 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer ,while in sediments they ranged between 4.491 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 51.32 μg/g dry weight Treatment unit station during winter and between 2.31 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 19.31 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer.The range of carbon chain length of n - alkanes in dissolved fraction ranged from C8 to C34 and in particulate fraction from C15 to C34 distributed in two patterns ,the first pattern included compounds between C8 and C25 with the abundance of C19,C21,C23 and C25 odd carbon number of and C18,C20,C22 and C24 for even carbon number ,while the second pattern included compounds with the range from C26 to C35 predominated by C27 and C29 odd carbon number and C26,C28 and C30 even carbon number.In sediments they ranged from C14 to C35 and distributed in two patterns, the first pattern included compounds between C8 and C25 with the abundance of C17,C19 and C21 odd carbon number and C18,C20 and C22 for even carbon number ,while the second pattern included compounds with the range from C24 to C35 with predominance of C31and C33 odd carbon number and from C24 to C34 even carbon number.Total concentrations of n - alkanes in C. demersum ranged between 6.467 μg/g dry weight during spring and 59.483 μg/g dry weight during summer ,whereas in P. pespaioides between 34.7 μg/g dry weight during winter and 166.6 μg/g dry weight during summer .The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in plants chain length ranged from C15 to C35 with bimodal from C15 to C27and from C28 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C25 odd carbon number and C18 to C24 even carbon number in the first one ,whereas in the second the dominance compounds were from C29 toC33 for odd carbon number and from C26 to C32 even carbon number.cTotal concentrations of n - alkanes in muscles of L. abu ranged between 14.60 μg/g dry weight during winter and 73.15 μg/g dry weight during summer and C. auratus between 34.76 μg/g dry weight during winter and 166.61 μg/g dry weight during summer . The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in fish muscles chain length ranged from C16 to C35 with bimodal from C16 to C25 and C26 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C25 and C18 to C24 for the first one ,and from C27 to C33 and from C26 to C34 for the second. These reflected nutrition nature for these kinds of fishes which depend on algae ,phytoplankton ,zooplankton ,diatoms ,insects and crustacean . While in the mollusc (P. euphraticus) ranged between 95.16μg/g dry weight during spring and 220.36 μg/g dry weight during summer. The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in P. euphraticus chain length ranged from C14 to C35 with bimodal from C14 to C27 and from C28 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C21 and from C18 to C24 for the first one ,and from C29 to C33 and from C30 to C34 for the second.The values of Carbon Preference Index (CPI) and pristane to phytane ratio was calculated to know the hydrocarbon compounds source in water ,sediments and biota of Al - Kahlaa River ,since the CPI value ranged between 0.142 and 1.314 in dissolved fraction and between 0.045 and 2.193 in particulate fraction , 0.160 and 1.872 in sediments,1.075 and 8.638 in plants , 0.285 and 1.537 in fishes and between 0.354 and 4.457 in mollusc .Whereas the values of pristane to phytane ranged between not detected and 1.579 in dissolved fraction , not detected and 0.601 in particulate fraction , 0.447 and 3.008 in sediments, not detected and 0.821 in plants , not detected and 2.176 in fishes and between 0.822 and 1.347 in mollusc .These indicate that there are two sources of hydrocarbon compound in water ,sediments and biota ,biogenic from living organisms and anthropogenic from domestic ,industrial and petroleum pollutants except in plants .Total concentrations of PAHs in dissolved fraction varied from 0.739 ng/l in Reference station to1.974 ng/l in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 0.300 ng/l in Reference station to1.125 ng/l in Treatment unit during summer ,and in the particulate fraction they varied from 0.79 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 24.42 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 4.369 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to10.545 ng/g dry weight in Al - Husaich during summer ,while in sediments they varied from 4.906 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 35.479 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 2.391 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 25.886 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during summer.It had been noticed that there were a predominance of high molecular weight PAHs on low molecular weight PAHs ,while Benzo(a)dAnthracene/(Benzo(a)Anthracene+ Chrysene) BaA/(BaA+Chr) ratio ranged from 0.218 to 0.804 in water and 0.520 to 0.66 in sediments. The Indeno (1,2,3 - cd)pyrene /(Indeno (1,2,3 - cd)pyrene + Benzo(ghi)perylene) InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between not detected and 0.578 in water and between not detected and 0.681 in sediments .The Fluoranthene/ Pyrene (Fl/Py)ratio ranged between 0.150 and 2.47 in water and between 0.10 and 8.490 in sediments ,this give an indication of the source of PAHs compounds in water and sediments which were mainly pyrogenic and few from them petrogenic .Total concentrations of PAHs in C. demersum ranged between 24.124 ng/g dry weight during winter and 87.289 ng/g dry weight during summer ,whereas in P. pespaioides between 1.616 ng/g dry weight durig winter and 16.661 ng/g dry weight during summer .The Lower Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Higher Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ratio ranged between 0.006 and 0.009 in C. demersum and between 0.008 and 0.103 in P. pespaioides. TheBaA/(BaA+Chr)ratio ranged from 0.995 to 0.997 in C. demersum and 0.756 to 0.995 in P. pespaioides. The InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between 0.342 and 0.807 in C. demersum and between 0.19 and 0.645 in P. paspaloides . The Fl/Py ratio ranged between 0.096 and 0.988 in C. demersum and between 0.018 and 5.018 in P. pespaioides. These indicate that the sources of PAHs in these plants were both pyrogenic and petrogenic .Total concentrations of PAHs in muscles of L. abu ranged between 2.301 and 16.661 ng/g dry weight during winter and summer respectively and in C. auratus between 1.095 and 8.675 ng/g dry weight during winter and summer respectively ,whereas in mollusc (P. euphraticus) ranged between 1.86 and 6.88 ng/g dry weight during spring and summer respectively. According to ratios of Low Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(LPAHs) to High Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (HPAHs), BaA/(BaA+Chr), InP/(InP+BghiP) and Fl/Py ,they certainly reflected that the PAHs sources in fishes and mollusk are pyrogenic as a main sources and petrogenic as a small part .Also results of this study revealed the presence of seasonal and spatial variations in concentrations of TPHs ,n - alkanes and PAHs in water ,sediments and aquatic biota from Al - Kahlaa River ,the highest concentrations were recorded during winter whereas the lowest during summer ,also the highest values of these compounds were recorded in Treatment unit station in comparison with other stations.

تقييم تلوث الهواء باستعمال دليل نوعية الهواء AQI ودليل التحول APTI لبعض المواقع المختارة في محافظة البصرة == Assessment of air pollution using AQI and APTI indices in selected locations of Basra governorate

اسم المؤلف: شيماء هشام شهاب الدين

اسم المشرف: نايف محسن عزيز

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The current study has been done for period from December to January 2015 including five station in three replicate for each station distributed in Basra Province (Al - Qurna district ,city center - Ashar ,Altenuma, and Zubair as well as region which is called Abu Al Khaseb , it is chosen as a control station for being agricultural area. The samples have been collected monthly for evaluating the parentage of gas pollution concentration (CO2,CO,NOx,SO2 and TSP) . The concentration of gas is measured by using gas analyzer device and the mount of particles in the air is measured by PDR - 1200. And black carbon ( BC) was measured by using Aethalometer . AQI was using for air quality for knowing the quality of surrounding air . Maps are drawn which show the spreading pollutants in Basra Province during the season by using GIS program . it is clear that there was differences concentration rates of pollutant gases in Basra province, the seasonally difference for gases pollutant proved that in Winter recorded high value for gases CO2, CO which reached 258.62 ppm for CO2 and 7.19 ppm for CO while in summer it is register the high value for NOx and SO2 which reached 0.406ppm for NOx and 0.319 for SO2 while TSP recorded difference reach high concentration 323.54 μg/m3 during Spring .While ,there is no difference has been recorded for black carbon in Autumn and Winter where as high concentration reached 25000 ng/m3 .The yearly difference in Al ashar shows that the highest for CO2 and CO during the period of studying followed by Al - Qurna recorded the highest concentration for NOx and SO2 while al - Zubair station recorded the highest concentration for TSP . Abu al Khaseb station recorded the lowest concentration for all gases and TSP because nature of the region which is formed from farms with lack of human activity .according to AQI which is use to measuringBthe air quality which shows the status of air and the degree of pollution , seasonally it is the highest rang for moderate in yellow color in Abu Khaseb station to unhealthy for sensitive groups in orange color in both al Zubair and Altenuma station where as al Qurna station recorded red color for unhealthy and in Al Ashar station they are record very unhealthy in purple color .while AQI for annually difference for the stations of study for unhealthy for sensitive groups in orange color for all stations except Abu Khaseb station , these groups are considered by negative affection human being health .Biochemical analysis has been done for leaves of plants that are spreading in the study area for knowing the effect of pollutants on biochemical indicators .The study included three kinds of plants which are phoenix dactylifera , ziziphus sp. And conocarpus lancifolius . Biochemical analysis test included total chlorophyll , water content, ascorbic acid and pH .the total chlorophyll estimated by using UV - spectrophotometer ,while ascorbic acid was estimated by using gas chromatography . The results shows significant different among leaves for different plants species in different study stations , the Date palm trees phoenix dactylifera recorded the highest concentration for total chlorophyll with the comparison with other plants. The seasonally differences show that lowest concentration of total chlorophyll in Winter reached 2.11 mg/g .The ascorbic acid recorded highest value in Winter reached 1.41 mg/ g and the water content rate of less recorded value in Spring reached %59.26 with no differences are recorded in the rest of the seasons . pH was recorded the highest rang in Winter reached 7.53.Ziziphus sp. recorded the lowest content of total chlorophyll for Winter reached 1.87 mg/ g and ascorbic acid recorded the highest value in Winter 1.31 mg/ g . whereas there was no significant different in water content in all seasons .pH recorded the high rang 6.64 in Winter , there were no significant in the rest of the season .Conocarpus lancifolius recorded the lowest value of total chlorophyll comparison with the other plants .while the lowest value for total chlorophyll recorded 1.42 mg/g in Winter . Ascorbic acid reached the highest concentration 1.31 mg/ g in Winter , while the water content recorded the lowest value in Winter 36 .88 % . While pH recorded 5.80 the lowest value in Winter.According to the biochemical analysis for plants for getting the value APTI for knowing the ability of tolerance of plants for air pollution which reflects the capability of the plants to tolerance of air pollution . The result of the study shows that Phoenix dactylifera recorded the highest value 7.36 in Al ashar station where as there are no significant recorded among the other station . Ziziphus sp. recorded the highest value 6.41 in al - Qurna station followed by al - Ashar station 6.07 whereas the other station did not recorded any significant . It has been noticed that Conocarpus lancifolius shows that lowest value of APTI which reached 3.91 in Al Zubair station and there were significant differences among the other stations.APTI was used for getting the value of Anticipated Pollution Index (API) which estimating biological characteristic and the economic value for plants. The results of API showed that the plants in Basra province Phoenix dactylifera recorded the value 6 and it was in excellent category. Ziziphus sp. recorded as poor plants recorded the value 2 . while Conocarpus lancifolius recorded the value 1 category as very poor plants.it has been noticed from values of APTI and API for phoenix dactylifera makes it typical plants as bioindicator and reducing the pollution .It is concluded for the current study that there are variation quantity and quality for gases and obvious spread for it is concentration of polluted gases and particles in air of the study stations in Basra. It was found that Phoenix dactylifera is a typical plants for using as bioindicator and reducing the air pollution .

اسم المؤلف: بيداء ريحان علي الموسوي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study was designed search of some physiological and histological effects of the venom of Echis carinatus sochureki (Said Dakhil snake) in male and female rats, and the role of antivenom (anti - venom) in the treatment of these effects. The while study was divided into two parts, the first part included the effect of [0.04 mg/kg (the second group) and 0.08 mg/kg (the third group)] of venom in rats. While, the second part related with the effect of [0.25ml/animal (the second group) and 0.5ml/animal (the third group)] antivenom in male and female rats treated with 0.04mg/kg and 0.08mg/kg of venom. After 24 hours of injection, blood samples collected for the hematological and biochemical parameters, and taking the right epididymis and epididymis left removed to examine the count and maliformations of sperm. Also, liver, kidney, testes and ovary were collected for sections. The results of the present study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in RBC in the third group (0.08) mg / kg when compared with the first group (control) and second group (0.04) mg / kg. Also was there a significant decrease in HCT and MCV in the second and third groups compared with the first group, while there was a significant increase in the platelets of the third group compared with the first and second groups in in both sexes. The results indicated a significant decrease in RBC in the second and third groups compared with the first group, also a significant decrease in HCT in the second and third groups compared with the first group. The results showed a significant increase in the HCT in the second group compared with the third group. The results showed a significant decrease in the MCV in the third gr oup compared with first and second groups in female rats. The present study (P≤0.05) showed a significantdecrease in total WBC, lymphocytes and neutrophils in the second groups (0.04) mg / kg and the third (0.08) mg / kg, and a significant decrease in monocytes, acidiophils and basophils of the second and third groups compared with the first in the male rats. The results indicated a significant decrease in neutrophil in the second and third groups compared with the first group, and a significant decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes and acidiophils of the third group compared with the first and second groups in the female rats. The present study showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of glucose and urea in the third group (0.08) mg / kg compared with the first (control) and second (0.04) mg / kg groups. There was a significant increase in creatinine and albumin in the second and third groups compared with the first group, also a significant decrease in the total protein, cholesterol and HDL in the second and third groups compared with the first group.There was a significant decrease in the level of TG, LDL and VLDL in the third group compared with the first and second groups, The results showed a significant decrease in ALT and AST in the third group compared with the first and second groups, and a significant increase in the ALP in the third group compared with the first and second groups in the male. The hormonal study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of FSH, LH, testosterone and estrogen in the second and third groups compared with the first group in male and female rats. The present study a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the count of sperms in the second and third groups compared with the first group, while, there was a significant increase in the maliformations of sperms in the third group compared with the first and second groups. The present study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of immune globulins (IgA - IgG - IgM) in the second and third groups compared with the first group in both sexes. The results of the effect of (0.5 - 0.25) ml / animal antivenom in male and female rats treated with (0.04) of snake venom showed a significant decrease in RBC and HCT in the second and third groups compared with the first groups,and there was a significant increase in the MCV in the second and third groups compared with the first group in male. The study results showed a significant increase in RBC, HCT and MCV in the second and third groups compared with the first group in the female rats.The current study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in total WBC of the second group compared with the first and third groups, and a significant decrease in the lymphocytes and monocytes in the second and third groups compared with the first group, also the results showed a significant increase in total WBC in the second and third groups compared with the first in the male. Also, found a significant decrease in lymphocytes and monocytes in the secon d and third groups compared with the first, it was observed a significant rise in monocyte in the first group compared with the second and third groups. The results showed a significant increase in the percentage of granular white blood cells in the second and third groups compared with the first group in the female rats.Results of the present study indicated a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of glucose, urea, albumin and total protein in the third group compared with the first and second groups, and there was a significant increase in the level of cholesterol HDL - VLDL in the third group compared with the first and second groups, also a significant decrease in TG in the second group compared with the first and third groups, The results showed a significant decrease in the level of HDL in the second and third groups compared and second groups with the firstgroup. the results showed a significant increase in the level of albumin and total protein in the third group compared with the first and second groups, and the results indicated a significant in increase cholesterol level, LDL and VLDL in the third group compare with the first and second groups, There was a significant decrease in the level of TG in second group compared with the first and third groups, and a significant decrease in the level of HDL in the second and the third groups compared with the first group in the female rats.The results indicated the effect of (0.5 - 0.25) ml / animal antivenom in male and female rats treated (0.08) mg / kg of snake venom, showed a significant decreased (P≤0.05) in RBC, HCT , MCV, lymphocyte and monocyte in the second and third groups compared with the first group, a significant decrease MCH in the second group compared with the first and third groups in male rats, showed a significant decrease in RBC HCT and MCV in the second and thirdgroups compared with the first group.The present study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level ofglucose and urea, ALT and ALP in the third group compared with the first and second groups, also a significant decrease in the level of creatinine, LDL, VLDLand AST in the second and third groups compared with the first group, and asignificant increase in the level of albumin, total protein and HDL in the thirdgroup compared with the first and second groups. a significant increase in levelof cholesterol and TG in the second and third groups compared with the firstgroup in the male rats, While showed a significant decrease in level of glucose,urea and ALT in the third group compared with the first and second groups,there was a significant decrease in the level of creatinine, LDL, VLDL, AST and ALP in the second and third groups compared with the first group, a significant increase in albumin and total protein in the group third compared with the first and second groups, while a significant increase in level of cholesterol, TG and HDL in the second and third groups compared with the first group in female.The histological results showed changes in the liver of male and female rats treatment I n venom snake and constrictions consisted obtaining inflammation and blood congestion and enlarged nuclei of hepatic cells and degeneration in the cytoplasm and necrosis of liver cells, as well as, changes in the kidney tissue such as having a bleeding and hyperplasia and congestion blood and inflammation and analyze the entire glomerulus and necrosis of the cortical cells.The current study showed the incidence and clear changes in testicular tissue treatment venom snake of obtaining vascular congestion and analyze the interconnection fabric between the tubule and the decay of some nuclei and abnormalities tubule and testicular and shrinking and analyzes and the presence of multiple nuclei giant cells in the wall of tubule.The current study for histological changes in the ovary as sections showed the presence of large numbers of corpus luteum and the decrease numbers of ovarian follicles and the disappearance of the evolutionary stages of ovarian cysts.

تاثير PTU على بعض الجوانب النسيجية والفسلجية في الاجنة والاناث الحوامل Rattus norvegicus == Effect of PTU on some aspects of histological and physiological in fetus and pregnant rats(rattus norvegicus

اسم المؤلف: انوار ناذر صيوان

اسم المشرف: مها خليل الملاك | علاء عبد الخالق حسين

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Aim of study was to evaluated the effects of propylthiouracil (Ptu) drug on both maternal and fetus rats, used experimental animals (Rattus norvegicus) and after housing, breeding and adapting, (50) of virgin females choosen, isolated and then divided into two groups each group contain (25)rats, The mean weight of the animals was(200 ±50) gm and (8 - 10) week of age. Females on first group regarded as control and treated with distilled water while animals in second group were treated with (Ptu)dose as (0.05 %) and left for(14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5)for each group. Macroscopic observations on each group were recorded including changes in thyroid gland morphology, hypertrophy and enlargement at each period (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation for both pregnant rats and embryos,the shape of uterine hornes,and uterus with changes of fetus number, resorption, atrophy, malformation of body parts, indifferentiation of fore and hind limbs, skin abnormalities were noticed. The changes in placenta which appeared irregular, pale colour, congested with white fibrous regions were noticed in hypothyroid rat comparing with placenta of control group animal, which looked red, discoid shape and normal surface without any abnormal signs, in addition fatty ovaries with large amount of adipose tissue was accumulated in abdomen cavity, the ovaries irregular and showed structures in most pregnant rats of hypothyroid group comparing with control pregnant females.Present showed significant decreased at (P≤0.05) in mean length, weight and number of fetus at (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation in all embryos related to hypothyroid rats compared to control. Histological study with light microscopy on sections from thyroid gland related to rats with induced hypothyroid showed reduced, small follicles with empty or little colloid substance, each follicle lining simple cuboidal or flat epithelium, an increased with stroma, variable size of follicles most of them smaller compared to control thyroid gland from control rats, which showed normal lobules, large follicles filled with colloid, and poorly stroma.Sections from uterus, ovaries, oviduct related to hypothyroid rats showed variable histological changes ranged from mild to severe like abnormal reduced layers of uterus, irregular uteri folded, degenerated with simple epithelial tissue that lining the uterus villi, haemorrhage in uterine gland, deposition of collagenous fibers, infiltration of lymphocytes and accumulation of adipose tissue. Ovaries from hypothyroid rats showed variable changes with ovaries follicles maturation, accumulated of adipose tissue, decreased graffian follicles, infiltration of lymphocytes and deposition of collagenous fibres with degenerated of lining epithelial layer compared with control ovaries.Microscopic observations of placenta sections from hypothyroid rats at different period of gestation revealed loss tissue, reduced placental layers thickness, necrosis in the peripheral regions, degenerated cytotrophoblasts that surrounding capillaries, the trophoblast giant cells appeared with degenerative changes in labyrinth and spongiotrophoblasts regions. undifferentiated fetal blood capillaries compared to control which the sections have normal structure differentiated to decidual basalis and labyrinth zones, the junctional zone composed of outer giant cells that separated the decidua basalis and trophospongium.In this study the ultrastructural changes in thyroid gland from maternal and fetus related to hypothyroid rat at (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation were identified by electron microscopy and included changes in apical cytoplasm of follicular cells to microvilli, blebs and protrusions also dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased lysosomes, the empty vacuoles more than the dense vesicles, increased mitochondria and Golgi apparatus cisternae, changes chromatin and more cellular debris. Biochemical results in thyroid hormones revealed to significant increase in mean concentration of (TSH) in pregnant females with hypothyroidism during gestation periods in compared with control group, also there was an decrease in both (T3, T4) non significant, significant increased concentration in serum of pregnant rats on treated group with (Ptu) compared with their concentration of control pregnant rats.Levels of some oxidative enzymes (GSH & MDA) was estimated in this study and there was significant increased,non significant in their concentrations in serums of rats with induced hypothyroidism comparid to control group during each period of gestation (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) day. The study determined some of haematological parameters such as (R.B.Cs) count, (H.b) level and (P.C.V) ratio which showed non significant at (P≤0.05) hypothyroidism rats compared with control rats at the same period of gestation. Also the results revealed non significant with (T.L.C), (D.L.C) in all pregnant rats with hypothyroidism compared to control rats, the data showed an increased with lymphocytes and Neutrophils and Esoinphils cells in smears prepared from hypothyroidism rats compared to control group

عزل وتشخيص احد قلويدات الايض الثانوي لبعض الطحالب ودراسة فعاليته الحيوية == Isolation and identification one alkaloid of secondary metabolites from some algae and study of biological activity

اسم المؤلف: انفال نوري عباس اللفتة

اسم المشرف: احمد محسن عذبي | اقبال جاسم الاسدي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The current study includes an isolation, Identification and purification of three species of algae, two of them belonging to cyanobacteria they are Oscillatoria brevis and Nostoc carneum . The third one was Enteromorpha intestinalis which belong to green algae which was from different location in Basrah .There are two extract were prepared from the algal species Alcohol , and alkaloid extracts , Alcoholic extract prepared to know what was compound it had and alkaloid extracts to test bioactivity of algae Cytotoxcity also was carried out on human red blood cells, the results revealed that alkaloid extract from E.intestinalis was nontoxic, whereas bioactive compounds isolated from O.brevis , N.carneum. Showed hemolytic action .The bioactivity of alkaloid extract was examined to elucidate their on ability to inhibit the growth of gram Positive and negative bacteria. .Biological activity of alkaloid extracts of three algae isolated were determined by using the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) againsttwo bacterial isolates. And also test the effect of filtrate pure algal culture on growth of plant pathogenic fungi ,also apparently that the algal alkaloid extract and isolated compounds exhibits antioxidant.The antitumor activity of the algal alkaloid extract from E.intestinalis against Rhabdo myosarcoma cell line was examined. The results showed that crude alkaloid extract possessed an antitumor bioactivity at low concentration 0.78mg / ml .In this study also was carried out to investigate the possibility of preventing the hypercholesterolemia by using alkaloid extract of E.intestinalis .it also aimed to study the effect of use this extract in reducing the Plasma Total Cholesterol (TC) , Triglyceride (TG), Low - Density Lipoprotein (LDL) , Very Low - Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and no effect on High - Density Lipoprotein (HDL).The identification of the compound was made depending on the active groups test and spectroscopic analyses including : Infrared (IR) and Gas Chromatography / Mass spectrum (GC - MS). The results of such analyses showed that alkaloid extract from E.intestinalisa has three compound these are Hexadecanamide , Methenamine and Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl est and alkaloid extract from N.carneum showed that has three compound 1,2 - Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyles,ا9 - Octadecenamide, (Z) - )ااااا and Didecyl phthalate .Hexadecanamide purification from alkaloid extract of E.intestinalis depended on physical and chemical properties The identification of the compound was made depending on the active groups test and spectroscopic analyses including : Infrared (IR); Gas Chromatography / Mass spectrum (GC - MS) and this component showed bioactivity on gram. Positive and negative bacteria and it has also antioxidant activity

استخدام عوامل استحثاث لانتاج مؤيضات ثانوية من بعض عزلات انواع الفطر واختبار فعاليتها الضد بكتيرية والخلايا السرطانية Penicillium والكولسترول == Use of inducing agents in secondary metabolites production from some Penicillium isolates and assay their activity against bacteria , cancer cells and cholesterol

اسم المؤلف: امل صالح عبد الرضا

اسم المشرف: توفيق محمد محسن

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The current study was designed to investigate active compounds from different Penicillium isolates ,that isolated from different sources , using different media . Eleven isolates related to five species : P. chrysogenum, P.paxilli , P. citrinum, P. cosmopolitanum, P. digitatum were isolated. After primary screening was performed , the best isolates that have high antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacterial was selected. The selected isolates were cultured on fermentation media according to the suitable media for each isolate, and the active compounds were extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent. P. cosmopolitanum and P. chrysogenum were cultured on penicillin production medium (PPM) , P. paxilli was cultured on Aspergillus complete medium (ACM) and P. digitatum and P. citrinum were cultured on solid state fermentation media consist of wheat bran . The efficiency of fungal crude extracts from each isolate against the reference strains S. aureus NCTC 6571 and E. coli ATCC 25922 and against Candida albicans (pathogenic and reference strain)was examined, and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determinated for each extracts.The inhibition zone of fungal extracts against E. coli and S. aureus ranged between (20 - 50) mm , and they had high activity against C. albicans ( reference and pathogenic isolate) ranged between 25 - 45 mm.Induction of secondary metabolite production by the selected fungi was carried out using biological factor (Streptomyces sp.) , chemical agent (colchicine) and physical agent by UV radiation. Apparently that the biological induction by Streptomyces isolate was the best compared with the other treatments.The results revealed that the two fungal extracts ALO1 and Apax exhibit a high antioxidant activity at low concentrations and volumes of the extract compared to ascorbic acid as control. ALO1 had radical scavenging activity (RSA%) reach 99.9% at volume 3μl , and Apax had RSA 91.6% at concentration 500μg/ml. Also, the fungal extract ,ALO1, showed a significant activity as anticancer agent against RD - cell line. The IC50 of ALO1 was 8.5μl after 24h and 23.76μl after 72h. The hypercholesterolemia ability of ALO1 in vivo and in vitro was assayed . In vivo experiment designed using female albino mice and divided into three groups each one contain 8 mice : group 1 treated with 10μl , group 2 treated with 20μl of ALO1 , and group 3 treated with normal saline as control group. The results showed that total cholesterol , triglycerides, LDL and VLDL were significantly reduced when compared with control group while the HDL level was increased in comparing with control group. The chemical analysis of the crude extracts showed that Apen2 contained 259 μg/g of penicillin G when analyzed with HPLC apparatus . Also the GC mass analysis of ALO1 showed that Docasadionic acid initialize area76.18% and Palmitic acid initialize area 15.09% from the total identified compounds.Whereas the GC mass analysis of Apax showed that Hexandioic acid initialize area40% and Stearolic acid initialize area 35.57% from the total identified compounds.In addition , it was detected the presence of penicillin biosynthetic gene cluster : pcbAB, pcbC and penDE in P. cosmopolitanum and P. chrysogenum.The result showed that gene pcbC and penDE were found in the genomic DNA but the gene pcbAB was not amplified by PCR.

دراسة تصنيفية وبيئية لحشرات نصفية الاجنحة المائية وشبة المائية Heteroptera : Hemiptera في محافظة البصرة == Taxonomical And Ecological Study of Aquatic And Semiaquatic Insects(Heteroptera : Hemiptera) In Basrah Provience

اسم المؤلف: اسماء عبد الزهرة سبع العيداني

اسم المشرف: ضياء خليف كريم

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Present studies dealing with the taxonomical and ecological studies of the aquatic Hemiptera : Heteroptera in eight stations in Basrah provience ,which are : Al - Medina , Al - Qurna , Basrah center ,Shat Al - Arab , Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib , Al - Faw and Sullein Marsh, collection was done twise monthly during the period from April 2012 to March 2013 .Results showed the presence of nine species belonging to aquatic Hemiptera , three belonging the group Gerromorpha and six the group Nepomorpha,as follows : Group : Gerromorpha(Popov,1971)Family : Gerridae ( Leach , 1815)1 - Aquarius nebularis(Schellenberg,1800)Family : Mesoveliidae(Douglast and Scott , 1867 )2 - Mesovelia vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( apterous )M .vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( macropterous )Family : Macroveliidae3 - Macrovelia hornii(Uhler , 1872 )Grouop : Nepomorpha(Popov,1968)Family : Nepidae ( Latreille , 1802 )4 - Nepa cinerea( Linnaeus , 1758 )Family : Corixidae ( Leach,1815 )Subfamily : Cymatianiae ( Walton , 1940 )5 - Cymatia bonsdorffii(Sahlberg , 1819 )Subfamily : Corixinae ( Leach , 1815 )6 - Sigara(Vermicorixa) latelaris ( Leach , 1815 )Family : Belostomatidae ( Leach , 1815 )7 - Lethocerus fakir(Mayr , 1852)Family : Notonectidae ( Latreille , 1802 )8 - Anisops sardeus(Herrich - Schaeffer , 1849)AbstractBFamily : Pleidae ( Fieber , 1851 )9 - Plea leachi(McGregor and Kirdaldy,1899)Among the collected species ,six were regarded as new records to the Iraqi fauna of this order,they were : A. nebularis,M. vettigera( macrpterous) , M . vettigera( apterous), Ma.hornii , N.cinerea , C.bonsdorffii andP.leachi.Study also deal with the measuring of some ecological aspects like air and water temperatures , salinity , pH and dissolved oxygen ,and their effected on the monthly distribution of the aquatic Hemiptera. Temperature was the most effective aspect in the monthly distribution of the insects ,as the lowest numbers were recorded in Summer months and the highest number were in Winter months , the ranges of the air temperatures were 9 - 43º C and water temperatures were 2 - 33º C .The highest concentrations of salinity was recorded in Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib and Al - Faw reached to 35g/l in Al - Zubair in July , the pH ranges were the same in all stations and was alkalid , their ranges were 7.3 - 7.8 , about the dissolved oxygen it was low and same in all stations except in Sullein Marsh which reached to 11 mg/l in January .The concentration of some heavy metals in water also studied like Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn , the highest concentrations were to Fe and Zn in Basrah center and Al - Zubair, and the highest concentration for Fe in Al - Zubair reached to 6362.21μ/L in August, while highest concentration for Zn in Basrah center reached to 1365.92μ/L in July, while in the other stations the concentrations were lowest .The study also used the water boatmen Sigara latelaris(Leach,1817) as bioindicators of heavy metals pollution in the water of Basrah provience , and taken Sullein marsh as control , and measuring the concentrations of the heavy metals in insects tissues , water and sediments , the results showed that the insects collected from the water of the center of the city can accumulate Fe andAbstractCZn in their tissues and the highest concentrations reached to 3562.16 and 3778.12 μ /gm for Fe and Zn in July , while in the insects taken from Sullein marsh were 286.25 and 285.17 μ /gm .The concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediments of the city center were measured and the highest concentration was for Fe and Zn , and reached to 1569.91 and 1365.91 μ /L of the water of city center , while reached to 215.01 and 223.14 from the same metals in the water of Sullein marsh , the concentrations of the same metals were recorded in sediments of the city center and reached to 2865.16 and 1982.56 μ /gm for Fe and Zn , and the highest concentrations of the same metals in Sullein marsh were 418.57 and 393.74 μ /gm .

دراسة تاثيرالسمية النباتية والوراثية لتراكيز مختلفة من الاوكسينات ومضادات التلوث في استحثاث الكالس الاولي لنخيل صنف الحلاوي. (Phoenix dactylifera L.) التم == Assessment of Phytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of different Auxins concentrations and decontamination agents on initiation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) primary callus of Hillawii cv.

اسم المؤلف: اسراء عبد الرزاق حميد السامر

اسم المشرف: صبيح داود محمد العطبي | محمد حمزة عباس

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الانسجة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the growth regulators 2, 4 - D; Dicamba and NAA on the induction of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) primary callus Hillawii cv., by analyzing morphological, biochemical; anatomical and molecular responses. Three concentration of 2, 4 - D (10; 50 and 100 mg/L), Dicamba (1; 5 and 10 mg/L) and 30 mg/L of NAA were examined during the course of this study. in addition, several antimicrobial agents were selected to evaluate their morphological and biochemical impacts on the primary callus of date palm including the antibiotics (Gentamycin 50 mg/L and Chloramphenicol 50 and 100 mg/L), as well as, the fungicides (Switch 1 g/L and Beltanol 1 ml/L), After induction of the primary callus from each treatments, the following results were obtained : 1. The results showed that the treatments with 2, 4 - D at 10 mg/L and Dicamba at 1 and 5 mg/L did not stimulate any callus growth over the time of incubation on MS medium.2. It was evident that the treatments of different growth regulators have a significant effect on the initial period (day) for callus initiation, the shortest period have been obtained with the low concentration of 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) and Dicamba (10 mg/L) which were 67.57 and 66.75 days, respectively, while the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) led to increase this period significantly up to 120 days.3. Both fresh and dry weight of date palm primary callus decreased significantly at the treatment of high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) up to two folds compared to the treatment at low concentration of 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L), similar trend of results were found with browning percentage and intensity.4. Biochemical analysis of produced date palm primary callus revealed that the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) led to a significant increase in the total content of carbohydrates; Proline, Peroxidase activity and Phenolic compounds which considered as a stress indicators, and another decrease of total soluble proteins and free amino acids was accompanied with this treatment compared to the same growth regulator at low concentration and Dicamba treatments.5. Anatomical study revealed that asignificant damage was caused by the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) on date palm primary callus, this damage was evident from the abundant and distribution of tannins compounds across the primary callus tissues, thus, was accompanied with high percent of browning, compared with the treatments of 2, 4 - D at low concentration, Dicamba and NAA.6. The analysis of Protein profile revealed the similarity between the patterns of control treatment (juvenile leaf of Hillawii cv.) and 2, 4 - D at low concentration, as well as, Dicamba. Similarity indices results for protein profile of date palm primary callus proved the genetic similarity of 100% between control treatment and both 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) and Dicamba ones, while, the lowest similarity percentage was observed with high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L).7. The results of RAPD marker analysis of the extracted genomic DNA form date palm primary callus using four deca oligonucleotide primers showed the efficiency of three primers (OPAR3; OPAR8 and P.650) in their amplification of examined DNA,. RAPD profile revealed an identical matching between control treatment and 2, 4 - D at low concentration, followed by Dicamba and NAA auxins, while, the increasing in 2, 4 - D concentration up to 100 mg/L led to disappearance and the appearance of new DNA bands compared to control treatment, with a highest genetic distance among other treatments.Similarity coefficient analysis showed that the highest genetic similarities were found between control treatment and 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) with similarity index of 96% , followed by Dicamba and NAA treatments with indices of 74 and 66%, respectively, the lowest similarity index was obtained between control and 2, 4 - D at high concentration which was 27%.8. The screening results of antimicrobial agents showed that the treatment with Switch fungicide (1 g/L) and Gentamycin antibiotic ( 50 mg/L) did not stimulate any callus growth over the time of incubation on MS medium supplemented with either 2, 4 - D or Dicamba.9. Beltanol fungicides (1 ml/L) treatment had a negative effect on the initiated primary callus either by 2, 4 - D or Dicamba, its treatment led to a high significant reduction in total solubleprotein and free amino acid content compared to control results, while an increase of total carbohydrates, Phenolic compounds, Proline and Peroxidase activity was detected with Beltanol fungicide.10. The Chloramphenicol treatment at low concentration (50 mg/L) showed positive results on the growth of primary callus at 2, 4 - D or Dicamba auxins according to morphological and biochemical analysis.

التحلل والمعالجة الاحيائية للمركبات الهيدروكاربونية النفطية بوساطة سلالات Streptomyces وNocardiopsis المعزولة من الترب الملوثة بالنفط في محافظة البصرة - العراق == Biodegradation and bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons by Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis strains isolated from oil contaminated soil of Basrah Governorate - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد برغال الاسدي

اسم المشرف: كوثر هواز مهدي | نادية عبد الامير المظفر

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: سبعة سلالات من البكتريا الخيطية تعود الى جنسي Streptomyces وNocardiopsis عزلت من ترب شركة مصافي الجنوب الملوثة بالنفط الخام في البصرة جنوب العراق، وقد تم اختبار قدرتها على النمو بوجود النفط الخام باستعمال وسط ملحي سائل مزود بالنفط الخام كمصدر وحيد للكربون. شملت السلالات على S. variabilis 7525 وS. variabilis SW75 وS. cellulosae XFB - T وS. parvus S86 وS. bacillaris S4BW2 وS. flavoviridis VITHM - 1 وN. synnemataformans ITD - 3 بنسبة تشابه من 99٪ الى 100٪. في هذه الدراسة تم العثور على سلالات جديدة من البكتريا الخيطية المعزولة من التربة الملوثة شخصت باستعمال تحديد تتابعات جين الحامض النووي الريبوزي 16S rRNA وقد اظهرت السلالات قدرات مختلفة على تحلل النفط الخام في الوسط الملحي السائل من 50.2٪ الى 72.4٪. كما تم تقييم تاثير الظروف الزرعية من درجة الحرارة والدالة الحامضية وتركيز النفط الخام والعناصر النزرة في نمو سلالات البكتريا الخيطية وتحلل النفط الخام، وقد لوحظ ان اعلى نمو للخلايا واعلى تحلل للنفط الخام كان 80٪ في ظروف زراعة مثالية ( درجة حرارة 30 ᵒم ودالة حامضية 7 بعد 10 ايام من الحضن وزادت هذه النسبة الى 85٪ من قبل السلالة S. cellulosae XFB - T بعد اضافة العناصر النزرة.في حين اظهرت نتائج اختبار التحلل الحيوي للنفط الخام في التربة من قبل سلالات البكتريا الخيطية منفردة بعد 60 يوما من الحضن تحت ظروف مختلفة ، اظهرت ان اعلى قيمة للتحلل كانت 87 ٪ من قبل النوع S. bacillaris عند درجة حرارة 30 ᵒم وحجم لقاح مضاف 10مل/ 25غم تربة ومستوى رطوبة 40٪.المعالجة الاحيائية هي ستراتيجية فعالة لتنظيف المواقع الملوثة بالهيدروكربونات. ونتيجة تاثر الكائنات الحية الدقيقة من تلك التربة يحدث لها اضطراب وبالتالي يتم انتقاء الاحياء المجهرية القادرة على استهلاك الهيدروكربونات لاستخدامها في هذه التقنية الفعالة في التعامل مع الملوثات الهيدروكربونية. الهيدروكربونات التي تتفاعل مع نسجة التربة والكائنات الحية الدقيقة هي التي تحدد مصير الملوثات وطبيعتها الكيميائية والقدرات الهادمة للميكروبات. الاثار المحتملة لنشارة الخشب، وخليط من روث الابقار والغنم وتعديل المكملات الغذائية لتحفيز الكائنات الدقيقة الاصلية وزيادة المعالجة البيولوجية للهيدروكربونات، هذه العملية تم اجراءها باستعمال طريقة المعالجة خارج الموقع بطريقتي الكومة والمفاعل الحيوي، بخلط التربة الملوثة مع نشارة الخشب والروث الحيواني ودعم التربة بالمغذيات والعناصر النزره مع توفير الرطوبة الملائمة والظروف المواتية لنمو الكائنات الحية الدقيقة كما قدمت التهوية الصناعية للتربة في الكومة والمفاعل بوساطة شبكة من الانابيب المثقبة لمحاكاة المعالجة الحيوية التي استمرت مدة 90 يوما.خلال تلك الفترة، رصدت الهيدروكربونات النفطية الكلية (TPHs) وازالة الالكانات الاعتيادية والتغيرات في المجتمعات البكتيرية. وقد اظهرت النتائج ان (TPHs) قد انخفضت من 52غم/كغم الى 10.6 غم / كغم بمعدل تحلل بلغ 79.6٪ ومعدل تحفيز كان 71.4٪ في تجربة الكومة ومن 52غم/كغم الى 13.5 غم / كغم بمعدل تحلل بلغ 74٪ ومعدل تحفيز كان 63.5٪ في تجربة المفاعل الحيوي. وخلال مدة 45 يوما من الاختبار بلغت اعداد الكائنات الحية الدقيقة من البكتيريا المضافة والمستوطنة التي تحلل المواد الهيدروكربونية اعلى مستوى لها 2 × 710 خلية/ غم و1.1 × 710 خلية/ غم في الكومة والمفاعل الحيوي على التوالي.بناء على هذه المعطيات، نستنتج ان المعالجة الحيوية خارج الموقع افضل ستراتيجيه غير مكلفة وفعالة وصديقة للبيئة وبالتالي قد توفر خيارا قابلا للتطبيق لمعالجة التربة من الملوثات الهيدروكربونات النفطية. | Seven actinomycetes strains from genera Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil in Basra Governorate, Iraq were selected for their capacity to grow in the presence of crude oil. Their growth rates and biodegradation ability were investigated in mineral salt media supplemented with light Remella crude oil. These strains consist of Streptomyces variabilis 7525, Streptomyces variabilis 5W75, Streptomyces cellulosae XFB - T, Streptomyces parvus S86, Streptomyces bacillaris S4BW2, Streptomyces flavoviridis VITHM - 1 and Nocardiopsis synnemataformans ITD - 3, that the sequence identity range from 99% to 100%. Our study find a new actinomycetes strains isolated from contaminated soil. these strains appears different capacity on the degradation of crude oil in mineral salt media , the highest was found to vary from 50.2% to 72.4%.The effect of the cultivation factors (temperature, pH, and concentration of crude oil and trace elements ) on growth of the actinomycetes strains and crude oil degradation was evaluated. The highest cell growth and the amount of crude oil degraded 80% were observed in optimized cultivation conditions (30oC and initial pH 7) after 10 days, this ratio reached to 85% by addition of trace elements solution at same condition by S. cellulosae XFB - T.The biodegradation test lasted 60 days in soil by actinomycetes strains at different factors shown the highest of the crude oil was removed in experiment that inoculums with 10ml of each bacterial strain, value 87% by Streptomyces bacillaris S4BW2 at 30oC. Bioremediation is an efficient strategy for cleaning up sites contaminated by hydrocarbons. Microorganism of soil is affected by hydrocarbon disturbance thus selective enrichment of hydrocarbon utilizers occurs. The technology is very effective in dealing with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Hydrocarbons react with the soil matrix and microorganisms determining the fate of the contaminants relative to their chemical nature and microbial degradative capabilities. The potential effects of sawdust, and mixture of cow and sheep dung as amendment nutrient supplements to biostimulate autochthonous microflora and augmentation for hydrocarbon bioremediation were investigated in test biopile and bioreactor. The soil was ground and fluffed by admixture of 1.5% sawdust, then supplemented with the necessary minerals and watered to provide conditions favoring microorganism growth industrial aeration was provided in pile by system of a abundant perforated drainage - pip network to simulate bioremediation treatments through a 90 - day period. During this period, we monitored total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and n - alkanes degradation and changes in bacterial communities. The (TPHs) had been reduced from 52 to 10.6 g/kg (79.6 %), the rate of Biostimulants Efficiency (BE) was (71.4%) in biopile and from 52 to 13.5 g/kg (63.5 %) in bioreactor . In soil, the dominant microorganism population comprised Gram - positive bacteria from actinomycete group and autochthonous microorganisms which decompose hydrocarbons reached highest level 2 x 107 and to 1.1 x 107 CFU/g at 45 days in biopile and bioreactor respectively . Based on these data, the study conclude that is ex situ ( Biopile and bioreactor ) experiment the best strategy, inexpensive, efficient, and environmentally friendly and may thus offer a viable choice for petroleum hydrocarbons - contaminated soil remediation.

دراسة تشريحية ونسجية وكيمونسجية مقارنة للغدة الدرقية وجار الدرقية في نوعين من الفقريات العراقية (بيز ابن عرس، Herpestes javanecus والقنفذ طويل الاذن ، Hemiechinus auritus) باستعمال الواسم Anti - Calcitonin, code 140778) ) == Study of Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland in Two Iraqi Vertebrates ( Weasl , Herpestes javanicus and Long - Eared Hedgehog , Hemiechinus auritus) Using Marker (Anti - Calcitonin, code 140778)

اسم المؤلف: رنا علاء عبد الحميد هايس العامري

اسم المشرف: حسين عبد المنعم داود

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - التشريح

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف على الوصف التشريحي والتركيب النسجي والكيمو نسجي - المناعي للغدتين الدرقية وجار الدرقية لنوعين من اللبائن العراقية ممثلة ب بيز ابن عرس ( ( Herpestes javanicus والقنفذ طويل الاذن ( Hemiechinus auritus ) وقد استعملت تقنيات مختلفة لانجاز الدراسة .• الغدة الدرقية Thyroid Glandاظهر الفحص التشريحي للغدة الدرقية في حيوان بيز ابن عرس (H. javanicus) البالغ (ذكور, اناث) ان الغدة تتكون من فصين (ايمن, ايسر) وتاخذ موقعا في منطقة العنق اسفل الحنجرة. ويتموضع فصا الغدة على جانبي الرغامى عند الحلقات (5 - 1) من حلقات الرغامى ولم يلاحظ وجود تركيب البرزخ (Isthmus) الذي يربط بين فصا الغدة , ويتباين لون الغدة بين البني والاحمر وفي الغالب تظهر بلون بني محمر(Reddish brown) يظهر فصي الغدة في شكل بيضوي او اهليجي, اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية في حيوان القنفذ ( H. auritu ) تماثلا واضحا مع حيوان بيز ابن عرس فيما يخص الوصف التشريحي باستثناء كون فصا الغدة بيضويتي الشكل.تحاط الغدة في حيوان بيز ابن عرس بمحفظة من نسيج ضام (Connective tissue) تتكون من طبقتين, طبقة خارجية External layer)) تتالف من الياف مغراوية (Collagenous fibers) وقليل من الياف مرنة ((Elastic fibers ويتخللها ارومات ليفية Fibroblast)), وطبقة داخلية ((Internal layer تتالف من الياف مغراوية يتخللها الياف عضلية ملساء Smooth muscle fibers) ) ,كما تتضمن المحفظة اوعية دموية ((Blood vessels واعصاب (Nerves), تمتد من المحفظة الداخلية حويجزات رقيقة تقسم الغدة الى فصيصات غير مكتملة . اظهرت المحفظة في حيوان القنفذ تماثلا مع المحفظة في حيوان بيز ابن عرس.يتكون نسيج الغدة الدرقية في حيوان بيز ابن عرس بصورة رئيسية من الجريبات (Follicles) والخلايا الجنيب جريبية (Parafollicular cells) واوعية دموية واعصاب. تتخذ الجريبات اشكالا متعددة منها بيضوي (Oval), ومنها دائري ((Rounded, واحيانا تظهر بشكل غير منتظم (Irregular shape), وتكون الجريبات باحجام مختلفة صغيرة, متوسطة وكبيرة . اظهر القنفذ تماثلا مع حيوان بيز ابن عرس فيما يخص حجم وشكل الجريبات. تبطن الجريبات في بيز بن عرس اما بنسيج ظهاري مكعبي واطئ بسيط ( Low simple cuboidal epithelial tissue) او نسيج ظهاري مكعبي بسيط (Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue) , بينما في حيوان القنفذ يظهر نسيج ظهاري عمودي بسيط (Simple columnar epithelial tissue) فضلا عن النسيج الظهاري المكعبي الواطئ البسيط والظهاري المكعبي البسيط . تحتوي تجاويف الجريبات على مادة جيلاتينية هي الغروان Colloid)) , وتظهر الجريبات تباينا في كمية الغروان اذ ان بعض الجريبات تكون مملؤة بالغروان والبعض الاخر يحتوي على كمية قليلة والقليل منها يظهر خاليا تماما من الغروان في كلا الحيوانين موضوع الدراسة, تنتشر في نسيج الغدة خلايا تدعى بالخلايا الجنيب جريبية (Parafollicular cells) او تسمى خلايا الكالسيتونين (Calcitonin cells) او (C - cells), وتظهر هذه الخلايا باشكال متباينة يتراوح بين الدائرية (Rounded) الى مضلعة الشكل ( (Polygonal shape, وهي تظهر اما بشكل مفرد (Single) او بشكل تجمعات (Clusters) في نسيج الغدة, وتحتل هذه الخلايا موقعين اساسيين في نسيج الغدة , الاول داخل جريبي Intrafollicular position) ) وتكون بين الغشاء القاعدي والخلايا الظهارية الجريبية والثاني بين جريبي Interfollicular position)) وتكون بين جريبات الغدة الدرقية , وتكون قليلة العدد ولم تظهر اختلافا في حيوان بيز ابن عرس عن القنفذ .اظهر التفاعل الكيمونسجي المناعي في حيوان بيز ابن عرس والقنفذ استجابة واضحة للتفاعل المناعي مع الاجسام المضادة للكالسيتونين, وظهرت الخلايا متقبلة للون البني وهو دليل التفاعل المناعي .• الغدة جار الدرقية Parathyroid Gland توجد الغدة جار الدرقية بتماس مع الغدة الدرقية وتحاط بمحفظة من نسيج ضام وهي امتداد لمحفظة الغدة الدرقية والتي تتكون من الياف مغراوية والياف مرنة ((Elastic fibers والياف عضلية ملساء واوعية دموية واعصاب . توجد الغدة جار الدرقية في موقعين طرفي قمي وطرفي جانبي. تمتد من محفظة الغدة جار الدرقية حويجزات الى داخل الغدة لتفصلها الى فصيصات غير كاملة، وتنتشر داخل نسيج الغدة. اما في القنفذ ( H.auritus ) فانها تقع ضمن نسيج الغدة الدرقية وتظهر بشكل فصوص (4 - 2) فصوص دائرية او بيضوية الشكل محاطة بمحفظة رقيقة تفصلها عن جريبات الغدة الدرقية.تم تمييز ثلاثة انواع من الخلايا في نسيج الغدة جار الدرقية في حيوان بيز ابن عرس اذ تمثلت الخلايا الاكثر انتشارا بالخلايا الرئيسة ((Chief cells، والخلايا الحمضة (Oxyphil cells) وخلايا الماء الشفافة ( (Water - clear cellsوهي تماثل الخلايا في نسيج القنفذ وتترتب بشكل حبال خلوية ضمن نسيج الغدة.اظهرت الغدة جار الدرقية في بيز ابن عرس استجابة للتفاعل الكيمو نسجي المناعي, اذ ظهرت خلايا الغدة متقبلة للون البني دليل التفاعل المناعي اذ تظهر الاستجابة المناعية للخلايا على مستوى السايتوبلازم والغشاء البلازمي في الخلايا الرئيسة ( (Chief cells, واظهرت الاستجابة المناعية في الغدة للقنفذ اختلافا بالنسبة لشدة استجابة الخلايا حيث كانت اقل من حيوان بيز ابن عرس .اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية الخاصة بتحليل الاحماض الامينية في مستخلص الغدة الدرقية وجار الدرقية في حيوان بيز ابن عرس (H.javanicus ) (ذكور، اناث), تشخيص (13) حامضا امينيا في الذكور و(11) حامضا امينيا في الاناث, اما في حيوان القنفذ H.auritus (الذكور، الاناث), فقد تم تشخيص (12) حامضا امينيا في كل من الذكور والاناث. | Anatomical examination of thyroid gland in adult (males &females) H. javanicus revealed that the gland consist of two lobes (right & left), situated below the layrnx in neck region. The two lobes located at the sides of trachea (1 - 5) rings of trachea. they appear without Isthemus. The colour of the gland is reddish brown. The shape of the lobes either to be oval or elliptical. On the other hand the thyroid gland in H. auritus showed a clear similarity with that of H. javanicus with the exception of the oval shape of the gland. Thyroid gland of H. javanicus surrounded by capsule of connective tissue consist of external layer of collagenous and elastic fibers, fibroblast and internal layer consist of collagenous fibers with smooth muscle fibers, the capsule also contain blood vessels and nerves. Thin trabeculae extend from the capsule divided the gland into incomplete lobules. The capsule of thyroid gland in H. auritus showed clear similarity with that of H. javanicus with the exception of the adipose tissue between the capsule and gland tissue in H. auritus.Histologically thyroid gland in H. javanicus consists of follicles, parafollicular cells, blood vessels and nerve. The follicles appear in different shapes (oval, rounded and irregular shapes, and have different size (small, medium and large). The thyroid gland tissue in H. auritus has the same appearance of that in H. javanicus. The follicules in H. javanicus lined by epithelial tissue either to be Lwo simple cuboidal or simple cuboidal epithelium. In H. auritus lind by Lwo simple cuboidal, simple cuboidal or even simple columnar epithelial tissue. The follicular cavities contain different quantities of colloid, and few of them lack of collid in both under investigated animals. Parafollicular cells are spreading in gland tissue; they also called calcitonin cella or c - cells. These cells have different shapes either to be rounded or polygonal shape, and found as single or clusters. They are either to be interfollicular or intrafollicular position. The immunohistochemistry reaction revealed clear positive reaction for calcitonin , and the appearance of brown colour represented evidence for the immune reaction .• Parathyroid glandResults of the present study revealed that parathyroid gland situated closely with thyroid gland in both animals under investigatin . The gland surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue represented as an extension from the capsule , which consist of collagenous fiber, elastic fibers, smooth muscles fibers and blood vessels and nerves. The parathyroid gland situated at two position (lateral terminal / apical terminal) the trabeculae wich exted from the gland capsule to the gland tissue separated the gland into incomplete. In H. auritus the parathyroid gland formed from (2 - 4) lobes with rounded or oval shapes and surrounded by thin capsule separated from the thyroid gland follicles.Three types of cells have been differentiated in the parathyroid tissue in H. javanicus represented by chief cells wich apper the most abundant in comparison with the other two types, the second type are the oxyphil cells and the third are water - clear cells, they are similar in both animals and appear as a cellular cords within the gland tissue. The immunohistochemical study in parathyroid gland of H. javanicus reveald positive reaction for calcitoninin, where ̛s the cells appear ̛s in brown color giving the evidence for the immune reaction in cytoplasm and plasma membrane of the chief cells In H. auritus there was clear immune reaction but less than H. javanicus . Result of the present study related with the amino acid analysis of the thyroid and parathyroid glands extraction in H. javanicus (mals &females) declear (13) amino acid in males and (11) in female while in H. auritus (male &females) there were (12) amino acid in both male and females.

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض اجناس العويئلة الفراشية Papilionoideae في العراق == Comparative Taxonomic study of some genera Papilionoideae subfamily in Iraq

اسم المؤلف: شيماء محي حسون

اسم المشرف: نداء عدنان ابو سراج

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات كلية العلوم / جامعة بابل للفترة من شهر شباط 2016 الى شهر اب 2017 . وقد جمعت العينات من اماكن مختلفة من شمال العراق ووسطه . وقد تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة شملت بعض الصفات المظهرية العامة والدقيقة للبذور وكذلك دراسة صفات حبات اللقاح , ودراسة الصفات التشريحية لبعض الاجزاء النباتية , فضلا عن الدراسة الجزيئية . وشملت الدراسة تسعة عشر نوعا تعود تسعة اجناس مختارة من عشائر مختلفة من العويئلة الفراشية في العراق , وتضمنت نوعان للجنسAstragalus L. هما A.kahiricus DC. وA.rhodosemius Boiss.and Hausskn ونوع واحد لكل من الاجناس L. Coluteaالنوع Col.cilicica Boiss. ; Coronilla L. النوع Cor. scorpioides (L.)W.D.Koch. ; Glycyrrhiza L. الضرب G.glabra var. glandulifera (Waldst. et Kit) Regel et Herd. ; Hippocrepis L. ; النويع Hi.unisiliquosa L. subsp.bisiliqua (Forssk.)Bornm. ; Hymenocarpos Savi. النوع Hy.circinnatus (L.) Savi. ; Pisum L. النويع P.sativum subsp. elatius (M.Bieb.) Aschers. بالتحديد الضرب var.pumilio Meikle ; والجنس Scorpiurus L. الضرب S.muricatus var.subvilosus (L.) Lam. , فضلا عن تسعة انواع للجنس Onobrychis Mill. هي O.acaulis Bornm. , O.caput - galli (L.) Lam. , O.crista - galli (L.) Lam. , O.carduchorum Townsend , O. megatophros Boiss. , O.haussknechtii Boiss. , O. galegifolia Boiss. , O.ptolemaica subsp. macroptera Townsend. , O.ptolemaica subsp. ptolemaica (Del.) DC. , O.schahuensis Bornm.. اقتصرت الدراسة المظهرية على الصفات المظهرية العامة والدقيقة للبذرة باستعمال المجهر الضوئي Light microscope والمجهر الالكتروني الماسح Scanning electron microscope لسطح غلاف البذرة , وقد دلت النتائج على اهمية صفات البذرة من الناحية التصنيفية , اذ تم تحديد ابرز الصفات والاكثر اهمية في عزل العشائر والاجناس زيادة على عزل الانواع , لاسيما شكل البذرة ولونها وعدد البذور في البقلة , علاوة على الزخرفة السطحية لغلاف البذرة والتي لها الدور البارز في الفصل بين افراد العشيرة Coronilleae , كما كان لها الدور في فصل كل من العشائر المدروسة عن بعضها . اما صفات حبات اللقاح فقد كانت من الصفات المظهرية ذات القيمة التصنيفية العالية لعزل العشائر والاجناس , فقد دلت النتائج وجود اثنان من الطرز المختلفة هما : Colpate وColporate اذ امكن تمييز حبات لقاح الجنس Onobrychis بكونها ذات حبات لقاح من النوع Colpate , كما فصلت حبات لقاح النوع Hymenocarpos circinnatus عن باقي الاجناس بالاستناد الى عدد فتحات الانبات فقد تميز بكون حبات لقاحه سداسية وسباعية فتحات الانبات , كما كان لشكل وحجم الحبة وشكل الاخدود فضلا عن صفات الزخرفة السطحية لجدار الحبة المدروسة تحت المجهر الالكتروني الدور التصنيفي الجيد في فصل الانواع قيد الدراسة. اما جانب الدراسة التشريحية فقد شملت الدراسة صفات البشرة للوريقات والكاس الزهرية والتويج (ورقة العلم) والسيقان , فضلا عن دراسة المقاطع المستعرضة للسيقان ونصول الوريقات والسويقات وحاملات النورات والثمرة (البقلة) . كما شملت الدراسة طبيعة الكساء السطحي وانواع البلورات المنتشرة وانماط اﻠﺗﻌﱠرق Venation patterns. وقد دلت النتائج الى اهمية كل الجوانب التشريحية المدروسة في الفصل بين الاجناس المدروسة وكذلك بين الانواع. وتضمنت الدراسة ايضا التصنيف الجزيئي باستعمال تقانة البلمرة المتسلسل Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) من خلال معرفة تتابع Sequencing المنطقة النووية ITS اذ كان للدراسة الجزيئية اهمية تصنيفية لمعرفة علاقات التقارب والتباعد بين انواع الاجناس المدروسة , وتم التعرف على النوع A.rhodosemius كتسجيل جديد للجنس ضمن الانواع المنتشرة في العراق . | This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Faculty of Science / University of Babylon for the period from February 2016 to the month of August 2017. Samples were collected from various parts of northern Iraq as well as in the central regions .The present investigation deals with a comparative taxononmic study , included some gross and micromorphological characters , as well as the pollen grains characteristics and anatomical characteristics of some plant parts , as well as the molecular study . The study included nineteen species belonging to nine selected genera from different tribes of papilionoideae subfamily in Iraq , and included two species of genus Astragalus L. ( A.kahiricus DC. and A.rhodosemius Boiss.and Hausskn ) , and one species of each genera Colutea L. (Col.cilicica Boiss.) , Coronilla L. (C.scorpioides (L.) W.D.F.Koch) , Glycyrrhiza L. (G.glabra var.glandulifera (Waldst. et Kit) Regel et Herd) , Hippocrepis L. ( Hi.unisiliquosa L.subsp.bisiliqua (Forssk.)Bornm. ) , Hymenocarpos Savi. (Hy.circinnatus (L.) Savi. ) , Pisum L. (P.sativum subsp. elatius (M.Bieb.) Aschers. var.pumilio Meikle. ) and Scorpiurus L. ( S.muricatus var.subvilosus (L.) Lam. ) , in addition to nine species of genus Onobrychis , O.acaulis Bornm. ; O.caput - galli (L.) Lam. ; O.crista - galli (L.) Lam. ; O.carduchorum Townsend. ; O. megatophros Boiss. ; O.haussknechtii Boiss. ; O. galegifolia Boiss. ; O.ptolemaica subsp. macroptera Townsend. ; O.ptolemaica subsp. ptolemaica (Del.) DC. ; O.schahuensis Bornm. The morphological study was limited to gross and micromorphological characters of seed using light microscopy and a scanning electron microscopy for the surface of seed coat . the result indicated the taxonomic importance of the seed characteristics , the most important valuable in isolating the tribes and genera , also species. Especially the seed shap , colour and the number of seeds in the pod . In addition to the surface ornamentation of seed coat , Which had a important role in the separation of members of the tribe Coronilleae, and had a role in the separation of each of the studied tribes. The characteristics of pollen grains have good taxonomic value in isolation of tribes and species . the results indicated that there are two different types of pollen grains , colpate and colporate , the polle grains of Onobrychis can be distinguished from other genera by lacking germinating aperture ,pollen grains of Hymenocarpos circinnatus was separated from the other of the species based on the number of germination pores , The shape and size of the grain and the shape of the colpus as well as the characteristics of the surface ornamentation of the grain wall studied under the electronic microscope, the role of good classification in the class of species under study. pollen grains of other genera were separated based on the characteristics of germination pore , the shape , size of the grain and the shape of , in addition to the characteristics of ornamentation of studied grain wall under the electron microscope . As the anatomical study , included the characteristics of the epidermis of leaves , the calyx , corolla and stems , as well as the study of transverse sections of stems , leaflets petioles , peduncles and the pod . also the nature of indumentum , types of crystals , and venation patterens . the results showed the importance of all anatomical aspects studied in separation between the studied genera as well as between species. The study also included molecular systematic using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) through sequencing of nuclear (ITS) region . it was clear that the molecular study has taxonomical significance to know the phylogeny and relationships of convergence and divergence between species . A.rhodosemius was identified as a new species registry in Iraq.A.rhodosemius is recognized as new species for Iraq.

دراسة جزيئية للجينات البيتا - لاكتاميز في بكتريا Acinetobacter baumannii المقاومة للمضادات الكاربابينيم == Molecular Study of ? - lactamase Genes in Carbapenem Resistant Acienetobacter baumannii (CRAB)

اسم المؤلف: ربيع عبد الاله مجيد عبد علي الهنداوي

اسم المشرف: ايمان محمد جار الله

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: During the period between April 2016 and January 2017, a total of 1100 clinical specimens (burns, wounds, throat, urine, blood) were collected from two hospitals in Babylon province Al - Hillah Teaching Hospital and Medical City of Mirjan Hospital. All specimens were cultured and 17 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were obtained from clinical specimens in a percentage of (1.5%) distributed in burn 11 (2.8%), wound 1 (0.6%), throat 1 (2%), urine 3 (0.7%) and blood 1 (0.9%).This study was conducted to determine the presence of carbapenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates and the prevalence of β - lactamase genes responsible for carbapenem - resistance among clinical isolates of A. baumannii collected from two hospitals in Hillah City. Isolates were identified according to VITEK2 system. Antibiotics susceptibility was assayed by using disks diffusion method according to CLSI recommendations and it’s found 8 isolates was carbapenem resistant.The eight CRAB isolates were tested for biofilm formation by using the tube adherence test and the results showed that 5 of 8 tested isolates (62.5%) were strong for biofilm formation. Two genes related to biofilm formation was investigated (bap & blaPER - 1 genes). Six isolates were positive for the bap gene (75 %) and no isolates had positive for blaPER - 1 gene. The eight CRAB isolates were tested also for the presence of two virulence factor genes include espA (K1 capsular polysaccharide) and ompA (outer membrane protein A), this detection was performed by the conventional PCR technique. The positive result for espA and ompA genes was (62.5%) and (75%) respectively.IIPhenotypic detection of carbapenemase production was performed using the imipenem - EDTA disk and modified Hodge's test (MHT). Then isolates were subjected to monoplex PCR targeting blaCTX, blaTEM, BlaSHV, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaSPM, NDM - 1, NDM - 2, AmpC, OXA - 23, OXA - 24, OXA - 48, OXA - 51, OXA - 58 and OXA - 235 genes, all CRAB isolate gave positive result with MHT and (50%) of these isolates were positive to the imipenem - EDTA disk. PCR experiments showed ; all CRAB isolates were harbored blaOXA - 51 gene, six (75%) isolates were harbored blaCTX gene, four (100%) isolates were harbored blaTEM gene, four (50%) isolates were harbored blaVIM gene, four (50%) isolates were harbored blaSPM gene, seven (87.5%) isolates were harbored NDM - 2 gene, seven (87.5%) isolates were harbored ampC gene, six (75%) isolates were harbored OXA - 23 gene, one (12.5%) isolates were harbored OXA - 24 gene, two (25%) isolates were harbored OXA - 48 gene and one (12.5%) isolates were harbored OXA - 235 gene, while none of these isolates harbored BlaSHV, blaIMP, NDM - 1, NDM - 2 genes. All isolates of A. baumannii appear as MDR, while two isolates appear to be as XDR.These results revealed that CRAB isolates constitute 47% of all A. baumannii that had been isolated from Al - Hillah Teaching Hospital and Medical City of Mirjan Hospital in Babylon province and some of carbapenemase were detected in both phenotypic and genotypic methods (PCR). This underlies the importance of their accurate identifications and reporting to prevent the emergence of complete resistance to the most potent drugs against A. baumannii in Babylon province.

انتاج وتوصيف لنقي المنتجات الايضية لعزلة Streptomyces ودراسة تاثيراتها المضاد حيوية والسرطانية == Production and Characterization of Purified Metabolites from Streptomyces Isolate and Study

اسم المؤلف: ليندا حميد تركي عطية الغزالي

اسم المشرف: رباب عمران راضي الجيلاوي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: شملت الدراسة الحالية جمع 100 عينة من الترب بواقع 50 عينة من ترب صحراوية جمعت من المناطق التي تبعد مسافة 3 كيلومترات من بحيرة الرزازة و50 عينة من ترب زراعية جمعت من مناطق مختلفة من محافظه كربلاء المقدسة. حيث عزلت 26 عزلة من البكتريا الخيطية من الترب الصحراوية و36 عزلة من البكتريا الخيطية من الترب الزراعية ودرست الفعالية التضادية لهذه العزلات ضد اربعة انواع من البكتريا المرضية ( بكتريا الموجبة لصبغة كرام Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae وبكتريا السالبة لصبغة كرام (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeru¬ginosa وبطريقة التخطيط العمودي, واظهرت النتائج ان جميع actinomycetes المعزولة من الترب الزراعية ليست لها اي فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية بينما كانت لبكتريا actinomycetes المعزولة من الترب الصحراوية فعالية مضادة للبكترياالمرضية وبمديات مختلفة تبعا لنوع البكتريا المرضية المدروسة, وقد وجد ان لثمانية من عزلات actinomycetes الصحراوية فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية السالبة والموجبة لصبغة كرام وتبعا لذلك المدى الواسع في التثبيط اختبرت فعاليتها المضادة بطريقة الانتشار بالحفر, واظهرت النتائج ان العزله LHR 9 actinomycetesلها فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية اعلى من العزلات الاخرى المختبرة وباستخدام طريقة الانتشار بالحفر, لذلك اختيرت لاكمال محاور الدراسة المتقدمة. درست الصفات المظهرية والبايوكيمياوية والزرعية للبكتريا actinomycetes LHR 9 بعد زرعها على اوساط زرعية مختلفة من وسط استخلاص Streptomyces الدولي واعتمادا على الفحص المجهري باستخدام المجهر الضوئي المركب وتحت قوى تكبير 1000و400مره لدراسة شكل المايسليوم الهوائي والارضي, وقد تبين ان للعزلة مايسليوم هوائي متفرع له مظهر مفصص وغير مجزا وباستخدام المجهر الاليكتروني الماسح تبين ان المايسليوم يحمل ابواغا ملساء وغير متحركة, وبالاعتماد على مجمل الصفات الزرعية والفسيولوجية المدروسة تبين ان البكترياLHR 9 actinomycetes المعزولة تعود لجنس Streptomyces. درست عدد من الظروف الزرعية والغذائية المثلى لتحسين انتاج مواد الايض الثانوي من البكتريا في وسط التخمر وقد كان وسط فول الصويا الحاوي على الدكستروز كمصدر كاربوني والبيبتون كمصدر نتروجيني وK2HPO4 كمصدر فوسفاتي وبظروف تخمر : بدرجه حراره 35م0 , وحموضه 7 , وقوه اهتزاز 200دوره \ دقيقه ولمده 7 ايام كفتره حضن هو وسط الانتاج الامثل . استخدمت مذيبات عضوية مختلفة القطبيةn) - بروبانول وكلوروفورم وخلات الاثيل ووالاسيتون والميثانول والايثانول (في استخلاص مواد الايض الثانوي المنتجة من بكتريا Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 المضادة للبكترياالمرضية وقد كان المذيب العضوي خلات الاثيل افضل المذيبات العضوية في الاستخلاص اذ اعطى مستخلصه البكتيري اعلى قيم في التثبيط البكتيري . نقيت مواد الايض الثانوي بعد استخلاصها بخلات الاثيل بعمود الفصل : جيل السيليكا ذو الابعاد (1.6× 14) سم وباستخدام الميثانول والكلوروفورم بنسبه 8 : 2 حجم\حجم كمحلول الغسل لسم3 واحد من المستخلص البكتيري , وقد جمع 50 جزء من المحلول الناتج بعد الغسل واختبرت فعاليتهاالتثبيطية لنمو البكتريا المرضية , وقد اعتمدت الاجزاء الفعالة لقياس التركيز المثبط الادنى باستخدام طريقة الانتشار من القرص, وقد كانت التراكيز (4.5 , 5 , 2.5 ,3)مايكروغرام/مل هي التراكيز المثبطه الدنيا لبكتريا Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aurues , Streptococcus agalactiae على التوالي. قيمت السمية الخلوية لمواد الايض الثانوي والمنقاة جزئيا لتحديد مدى فعاليتها المضاده للسرطان وبالاعتماد على فحص MTT (3 - (4, 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2 - 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) وباستخدام خطوط خلايا الثدي السرطانية وخطوط خلايا سليمة, وقد اظهرت النتائج بان التركيز 400مايكوغرام\ مل هو التركيز الامثل لتثبيط نمو الخلايا السرطانية بنسبه 60% مع المحافظة على 80% من الخلايا السليمة. اعتمدت الكروماتوغرافيا السائلة Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (LC - MS) في تنقية المركب الفعال وتوصيفة اذ اظهرت نتائج المخطط اللوني ان هنالك خمسة قمم وبالمقارنة مع الاطياف الكتلية للمركبات حسب المعهد الامريكي للمعايير والتقنية National Institute of Standards and Technology ان للمركب صيغة كيمياوية C18H32O2 ووزن جزيئي 282دلتن . درست الفعالية المضادة للاكسدة والمضادة للاورام لمستخلص Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 (المنقى جزئيا) في اناث الجرذان المختبرية المحفزة للاصابة بسرطان الثدي كيمياويا باستخدام مادة 7,12 dimethyl Benz (A) anthracene (DMBA) واظهرت النتائج ان لمستخلص LHR 9 Streptomyces sp. (المنقى جزئيا) القدره على المحافظة على تركيز الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة في مصل الحيوانات المعاملة بمادة DMBA وبقيم مقاربة لما هي موجودة في مصل الحيوانات السليمة وقد تمثلت اثار ذلك بصغر وزن وحجم الورم فيى منطقة الثدي والتغيرات النسيجية الملحوظة, وعلى مستوى جزيئ ايضا اذ لوحظ وباستخدام تقنية Polymerase Chain Reaction - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism(PCR - SSCP) التغيرات الوراثية الحاصلة للجينين ( Bcl - 2 وCaspase - 3) بفعل مادة DMBA ودور مستخلص Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 (المنقى جزئيا) في الحفاظ على الشكل الطبيعي للجينين اذ تبين ان هناك83.66% من الحيوانات السليمة و50% من الحيوانات المعاملة بالمستخلص البكتيري تمتلك جين Caspase - 3 بشكله الطبيعي بينما 66.66% من الحيوانات التي عوملت بماده DMBA فقط تمتلك جين Caspase - 3 من النوع الطافر وكذلك بالنسبة للجين Bcl - 2 اذ تبين ان هناك 78.66% من الحيوانات السليمة و60% من الحيوانات المعالجة بالمستخلص البكتيري تمتلك جين Bcl - 2من النوع الطبيعي بينما لوحظ وجود نفس الجين ولكن من النوع الطافر بنسبة 66.67% في الحيوانات المصابة بسرطان الثدي بتاثير مادة DMBA. | The present study included the collection of 100 soil samples from desert regions away from about 3 km from Al - Razzaza lake and agricultural regions at Karbala Province, Iraq. From these samples 26 and 36 actinomycetes isolates were obtained from desert and agricultural regions respectively . All actinomycetes isolates were tested for their antibacterial activity using primary screening against pathogenic bacteria by perpendicular streaking method .The results were showed that all the actinomycetes isolates were isolated from agricultural regions hadn't any antibacterial activity while the 26 isolates isolated from desert regions were had antibacterial activity in different spectra . Eight actinomycetes isolates from all the 26 desert regions isolates were selected for secondary screening due to their antibacterial activities with wide spectrum against pathogenic bacteria namely Gram positive (Staphylococ¬cus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeru¬ginosa) by the agar diffusion methods and the results revealed the selection of actinomycetes LHR 9 isolate for farther studies because it gave us the highest inhibition against the tested pathogenic bacteria growth. The active actinomycetes LHR 9 isolate was identified using several morphological and biochemical methods. The morphological characterization was involved the study of aerial and substrate mycelium on many International Streptomyces Project agar medium and using light microscopy at 1000X and 400X to study the mycelium morphology, as well as using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the spore surface. The results exhibited that the isolate had the aerial mycelium which formed unfragmented, branched, looped and rectus - flexibilis hyphae type bearing non - motile spores with smooth surface. In addition to results of biochemical tests we could revealed that the isolate was belong to Streptomyces genus . The active isolate Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 was selected for optimization critical cultural and nutritional parameters for increasing the antibiotic production titer in fermentation medium (Soybean broth medium), the results showed the dextrose as carbon source , peptone as nitrogenous source and K2HPO4 as a phosphate source with fermentation cultural condition included ; temperature of 35 °C, pH 7 with agitation rate 200 rpm for 7 days as incubation period gave high values in active secondary metabolites production. The antibacterial compound from fermentation medium was extracted using liquid - liquid extraction method with various organic solvents n - propanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and ethanol) 1 : 1 (v/v) . the results was revealed the ethyl acetate the most efficient in extraction . The Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 crude extract was purified by using silica gel column (1.6 X 14) chromatography. Chloroform and methanol (4 : 1) (v/v), was used as an eluting solvent. The active fractions ( had the antibacterial activity ) were selected for determination the minimum inhibitory concentration and evaluation the cytotoxic activity using MTT (3 - (4, 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2 - 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The results of the MIC of partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract were 4.5 µg/ml for Escherichia coli, 5 µg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2.5µg/ml for Staphylococcus aurues and 3µg/ml for Streptococcus agalactiae . In vitro screening for cytotoxic activity was done by MTT assay for evaluation the anticancer activity of the partially purified antibacterial compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. LHR 9. The cytotoxic activity of the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract was determined against established MCF - 7 cell line ( breast cancer cell lines ) and WRL cell as a representative of normal breast cell line, depending on their viability ratio. The viability of MCF - 7 cell line was decreased dramatically with the increasing in extract concentration in the same time the viability of WRL cell was decreased in slowly manner. The using of multiple purification methods Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (LC - MS) along with a sensitive measuring method and possibly isolation of these compounds should allow us to evaluate the entire potential of secondary metabolites production, the results from LC - MS chromatogram of the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract showed five peaks, on comparison of the mass spectra of the constituents with the National Institute of Standards and Technology( NIST) library the compound was had the Formula : C18H34O2 and molecular weight : 282 D. The partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract was evaluated for its in vivo antioxidant and antitumor activity depending on the ability of 7,12 dimethyl Benz (A)anthracene (DMBA) to inducing breast tumor in female rat model, the results revealed the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract had the ability to keeping the enzymatic antioxidant in approximately its natural concentrations (as the same concentrations in serum of negative group) in serum of tested rats which were induced breast cancer by DMBA and treated with partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract, so these results were more studied on histological plane and the results of that were achieved by decreasing in weight and size of the breast tumor of tested rats and other histological change in breast tissue. In addition to that partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract effect was more studied on molecular plane depending on the Bcl - 2 and Caspase - 3 genes mutation using Polymerase Chain Reaction - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ( PCR - SSCP) analysis. The results were two conformations polymorphism in both Caspase - 3 gene ( about 83.66 % of negative group and 50% of treated group had three bands (wild type) where's positive control had 66.66% four bands (mutant type)) and Bcl2 gene (the wild type had one band such as negative group was 78.66% and test group 60%, compared with positive group (60.67%) have two bands(mutant type)). so these results suggest the active apoptotic property of Caspase - 3 and Bcl - 2 and the role of partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract effect in keeping them in their wild type.

دراسة فسلجية وجزيئية للتغاير الجيني لمستقبلات فيتامين د في النساء المصابات بمرض السكري من النوع الثاني == Physiological and Molecular Study of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Type II Diabetic Women

اسم المؤلف: نورا ماجد حميد ابو خمرة

اسم المشرف: حيدر كامل زيدان السعدي | محمد عبد الله جبر

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقييم دور تعدد اشكال مستقبلات فيتامين (د) وارتباطها بتطور مرض السكري وتاثيرها في الاناث قبل وبعد سن الياس. جينات مستقبلات فيتامين (د)، تتضمن (Apa - I, Taq - I, Fok - I وCdx2) و(جين الفاEstrogen receptor - ) التي حددت بواسطة تفاعل سلسلة البوليميريز - تباين اطوال قطع التقييد وتقنية تفاعل سلسلة البوليميريز المتعدد المتخصص في الاليل, في حين ان الهرمونات والتي تتضمن (الاستراديول والانسولين) والمؤشرات الفسيولوجية (فيتامين د، الكولسترول، البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة، الدهون الثلاثية، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا، الهيموجلوبين A1C، الجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم، مقاومة الانسولين، الحساسية للانسولين ، ضغط الدم الانقباضي وضغط الدم الانبساطي). اجريت هذه الدراسة في الفترة من اذار 2016 الى تشرين الاول 2016، حيث تم جمع العينات من مستشفى الصدر التعليمي في محافظة النجف. وقد بلغ عدد العينات (80) مريضا مصابين بداء السكري من النوع الثاني بمتوسط عمر (36 - 65 سنة ، وقسمت العينات الى مرحلة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد انقطاع الطمث, كذلك قسمت حسب مدة المرض وحسب التاريخ العائلي، ومؤشر كتلة الجسم، ومضاعفات المرض (ضغط الدم المرتفع). كما تضمنت الدراسة 40 شخصا اصحاء على ما يبدو بمتوسط عمر (36 - 65 سنة)، حيث ان مجموعة السيطرة تقارن مع مجموعة المرضى. قسمت الدراسة الحالية الى جزئين رئيسيين : الاجزاء الفسيولوجية والجزيئية. واظهرت النتائج ان المرضى الذين يعانون من مرض السكري من النوع الثاني، كان لديهم معنويا (p ≤ 0.05) مستوى اعلى من الكوليسترول ، الدهون الثلاثية، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا، الهيموغلوبين A1C، الانسولين، مقاومة الانسولين ونسبة السكر الصيامي في الدم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة، في حين ان معدلات الحساسية للانسولين تنخفض معنويا (P≥0.05) في مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني عند مقارنتهم بمجموعة السيطرة. كان معدل الاستراديول معنويا ( ≤ 0.05) اعلى في الاناث قبل انقطاع الطمث في حين انخفض في الاناث بعد سن الياس لكل من مجموعة السيطرة ومرضى السكري من النوع الثاني. واظهر الضغط الانقباضي والانبساطي فرقا معنويا بين المرضى الذين يعانون من السكري النوع 2 ومجموعة السيطرة. وفقا للمقارنة بين النساء قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد سن الياس في كل من مرضى السكري ومجموعة السيطرة، اظهرت النتائج ارتفاع معنوي (p ≤ 0.05) في معدلات مستوى هرمون الاستراديول، ومعدلات مستوى هرمون الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين في كلتا المجموعتين. من ناحية اخرى، اظهرت المقارنة بين المرضى قبل انقطاع الطمث الذين يعانون من السكري ومرحلة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث ارتفاع معنوي (p ≤ 0.05) في معدل مستويات الكوليسترول، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، هيموغلوبين A1c معدل مستويات (HBA1c)، الجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم , ومستويات هرمون الاستراديول، ومعدلات مستوى هرمون الانسولين، ومقاومة الانسولين، وحساسية الانسولين وضغط الدم الانبساطي. وفقا لمقارنة مرضى السكري بعد انقطاع الطمث ومجموعة السيطرة بعد سن الياس، كانت هناك اختلافات معنوية (p ≤ 0.05) في معدل مستويات الكوليسترول، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، معدل هيموغلوبين A1c، الجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم , هرمون الاستراديول ومعدلات مستوى هرمون الانسولين، ومقاومة الانسولين وحساسيةالانسولين. اظهرت نتائج تحليل الارتباط وجود ارتباط معنوي (p ≤ 0.05) بين فيتامين (د) مع الدهون الثلاثية والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا في النوع الثاني من مرضى السكري. في مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث، اظهرت نتائج تحليل الارتباط وجود علاقة عكسية معنويه بين فيتامين (د) مع كل من الدهون الثلاثية والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا في حين تم العثور على علاقة ايجابية معنوية بين فيتامين (د) والبروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة في مرحلة ما بعد انقطاع الطمث في مرضى السكري. في مجموعة السيطرة بعد انقطاع الطمث تم العثور على علاقة عكسية معنويه بين فيتامين (د) ومستوى السكر الصيامي في الدم. اظهر تحليل الارتباط وجود علاقة معنوية عكسية بين معدلات مستوى الكالسيوم وضغط الدم الانقباضي في مجموعة السيطرة، وبينما في مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث، اظهرت نتائج تحليل الارتباط وجود علاقة ارتباط معنوية بين الكالسيوم ومؤشر كتلة الجسم، بينما وجدت علاقة معنوية عكسية بين الكالسيوم وكلا من البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة والعمر بالاضافة الى ارتباط ايجابي معنوي مع الاستراديول في المرضى بعد سن الياس. من ناحية اخرى، في مجموعة السيطرة قبل انقطاع الطمث، تم العثور على ارتباط عكسي معنوي بين الكالسيوم وضغط الدم الانقباضي، في حين وجود علاقة طردية معنوية مع هرمون الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين. في حين لوحظ وجود علاقة عكسية معنوية في مجموعة السيطرة بعد سن الياس بين الكالسيوم ومستوى السكر الصيامي في الدم ومؤشر كتلة الجسم. هنالك ارتباط معنوي كبير بين هرمون الانسولين مع البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة والعمر وحساسية الانسولين، في حين كان هناك علاقة طردية معنوية بين الانسولين مع مؤشر كتلة الجسم ومقاومة الانسولين في النوع الثاني من مرضى السكري. في مجموعة السيطرة كانت هناك علاقة ارتباط معنوية طردية بين الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين، ارتباط معنوي عكسية مع حساسية الانسولين. في كل من مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد انقطاع الطمث ومجموعة السيطرة كانت هناك علاقة سلبية كبيرة جدا بين الانسولين وحساسية الانسولين، في حين وجود علاقة طردية معنوية مع مقاومة الانسولين. في مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث، كانت هناك علاقة ايجابية كبيرة بين الانسولين والدهون الثلاثية , البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا ومؤشر كتلة الجسم. في مرحلة ما بعد انقطاع الطمث مرضى السكري، كانت هناك علاقة سلبية كبيرة بين الانسولين والهيموغلوبين .A1c ايضا هنالك علاقة طردية معنوية كبيرة بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والسكر الصيامي في الدم في مجموعة السكري. في مجموعة السيطرة كان هناك ارتباط طردي كبير بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والسكر الصيامي في الدم ,وعلاقة عكسية معنوية مع الكولسترول وحساسية الانسولين. وفقا لمجموعة السيطرة قبل انقطاع الطمث، كان هناك ارتباط ايجابي كبير بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم، في حين وجود علاقة عكسية كبيرة مع الكولسترول، الدهون الثلاثية، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا وحساسية الانسولين. من ناحية اخرى، في مجموعات مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد انقطاع الطمث وجدت علاقة طردية معنوية بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والسكر الصيامي في الدم , وارتباط ايجابي كبير مع الدهون الثلاثية والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا في مجموعة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث فقط. اظهرت نتائج التحليل الوراثي لتباين النوكليوتيدات المفردة، للجينات المستقبلة لفيتامين د باستخدام تقنية تفاعل سلسلة البوليميريز - تباين اطوال قطع التقييد ان هناك فرقا غير معنوي في الاشكال الجينية (Apa - I, Fok - I, Taq I - ) و(Estrogen receptor - alpha ) بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة باستخدام نفس التقنية اعلاه. بينما وجد فرق معنوي بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة وفقا للتغاير الجيني في الجين (CdxII)وفقا الى الجين (Apa - I)، كان النمط الوراثي المتماثل (AA) اكثر تواترا في المرضى الذين يعانون من داء السكري من النوع 2 (41٪) من مجموعة السيطرة ، في حين ان النمط الوراثي المتغاير (CA) اكثر تكرارا في مجموعة السيطرة من المرضى. نتائج الجين (Taq - I)، كان النمط الوراثي المتماثل (TT) اكثر تواترا في مجموعة السيطرة من المرضى الذين يعانون من السكري من النوع 2 ، في حين ان النمط الوراثي المتغاير (TC) كان اكثر تكرارا في المرضى من مجموعة السيطرة. وفقا الى الجين (Fok - I)، كان النمط المتماثل (CC) اكثر تواترا في مجموعة السيطرة من المرضى الذين يعانون من داء السكري من النوع 2 ، في حين ان النمط المتغاير (CT) اكثر تكرارا في السيطرة من المرضى ، والنمط المتماثل (TT) كان اكثر تواترا في المرضى من مجموعة السيطرة بينما الجين (ER_alpha)، كان النمط المتماثل (AA) اكثر تواترا في المرضى الذين يعانون من داء السكري من النوع 2 من مجموعة السيطرة ، في حين ان النمط المتغاير (AG) اكثر تواترا في السيطرة من المرضى ، والنمط المتماثل (GG) كان اكثر تكرارا في المرضى من مجموعة السيطرة | This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism role and its correlation with the development of diabetes disease and its effect in pre and post menopausal females. Vitamin D receptor gene including ( APA - I, FOk - I, Taq - I and CdxII) and (Estrogen receptor alpha gene) determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) , restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) and Allele specific multiple (ASM - PCR), while the hormones including (Estradiol and Insulin) and the physiological parameters ( Vitamin D, Cholesterol, High density lipoprotein, Triglyceride, Low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c, Fasting Blood Glucose, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). This case - control study was done in a period of March 2016 to October 2016 ,where the samples collected from Al - Sadr Teaching Hospital in Najaf Province. The number of samples was (80) females with type 2 diabetes with an average age (36 - 65 year), all of them were with type 2 diabetes are divided to pre menopause and post menopause, also divided according to duration of disease and according to age groups, family history, body mass index and complications with disease (hypertensive blood pressure). Also, the study included 40 apparently healthy people with an average age ( 36 - 65 year) , as control matched with disease group. The present study divided into two main parts : physiological and molecular parts . The results showed that patients with type 2 diabetes , had significantly( p ≤ 0.05 ) higher cholesterol, Triglyceride, Low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c, insulin, insulin resistance and Fasting blood glucose levels rate than control group, while the levels rate of insulin sensitivity is decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in type 2 diabetic patients when compared with control group . The Estradiol levels rate was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in premenopausal females while it decreased in postmenopausal females of both control and type 2 diabetic patients. Systolic and diastolic pressure showed significant difference between patients with type 2 diabetic and control. According to the comparison of premenopausal and postmenopausal women in both diabetic patients and in control group, the results showed significant ( p ≤ 0.05) elevation in Estradiol hormone level rates, Insulin hormone level rates and insulin resistance in both groups. On the other , the comparison of premenopausal patients with diabetic and premenopausal control groups the statistical analysis showed significant elevation (p ≤ 0.05) in cholesterol levels rate, Low density lipoprotein (LDL), HemoglobinA1c levels rate (HBA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), Estradiol hormone level rates, Insulin hormone level rates, insulin resistance ,insulin sensitivity and diastolic blood pressure. The results of correlation analysis in pre menopausal diabetic patients showed there are significant negative correlation between vitamin D with both Triglyceride (TGC) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) while significant positive correlation has been found between vitamin D and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in post menopausal diabetic patients. In post menopausal control group a significant negative correlation has been found between vitamin D and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level.In pre menopausal diabetic patients, the results of correlation analysis showed there were significant positive correlation between calcium and BMI, while significant negative correlation has been found between calcium and both high density lipoprotein (HDL) and age in addition to significant positive correlation with Estradiol in post menopausal diabetic patients.On the other hand, In pre menopausal control group, a significant negative correlation has been found between calcium and systolic blood pressure, while a significant positive correlation with insulin hormone and insulin resistance. While, in post menopausal control group a significant negative correlation has been found between calcium and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and body mass index. In both premenopausal and postmenopausal diabetic patients and control group there were highly significant negative correlation between Insulin and insulin sensitivity, while highly significant positive correlation with insulin resistance. In pre menopausal diabetic patients, there were significant positive correlation between insulin and Triglyceride (TGC), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and BMI. In post menopausal diabetic patients, there were significant negative correlation between insulin and HBA1c.On the other hand, in premenopausal and postmenopausal diabetic patients groups there were highly significant positive correlation between hemoglobinA1c (HBA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and significant positive correlation with TGC and VLDL in premenopausal group only. The genetic analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms , for vitamin D receptor gene by using RFLP - PCR technique showed that there non - significant difference in the genotype polymorphisms of (APA - I, FOk - I and Taq - I) and (Estrogen receptor - alpha gene) between patients and control by using the same technique above, While there were significant differences according to (Cdx - II gene) by using (ASM - PCR) technique. According to (Apa - I gene), the homozygote pattern (AA) were more frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes than control group, While the heterozygote (CA) pattern more frequent in control than patients.The results of (Taq - I gene), the homozygote pattern (TT) were more frequent in control than patients with type 2 diabetes group, While the heterozygote (TC) pattern more frequent in patients than control. According to (Fok - I gene), the homozygote pattern (CC) were more frequent in control group than patients with type 2 diabetes, While the heterozygote (CT) pattern more frequent in control than patients, and the homozygote (TT) pattern was more frequent in patients than control group.While the (ER_alpha gene), the homozygote pattern (AA) were more frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes than control group, While the heterozygote (AG) pattern more frequent in control than patients, and the homozygote (GG) pattern was more frequent in patients than control group

التباين الوراثي في جينات TNF - ?, VEGF - A and IL - 10 المصاحبة لداء الصدفية == Genetic Polymorphism in TNF - ?, VEGF - A and IL - 10 genes associated with Psoriaasis

اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد الكاظم هادي الطائي

اسم المشرف: علي حمود السعدي | وسام علي امين عوض

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقصي بعض التغايرات الوراثية لكل من (TNF - α, VEFGF and IL10) لدى مرضى داء الصدفية وعلاقتها بشدة الاصابة باستخدام تقنيات تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل وتباين اطوال قطع التقيد . بينما قدر مستوى الحركيات المناعية باستخدام تقنية الايلايزا.اجريت هذه الدراسة في الفترة من نيسان 2016 الى اذار 2017، حيث جمعت العينات مرضى داء الصدفية المراجعين لمستشفى مدينة مرجان الطبية، محافظة بابل / العراق. شملت الدراسة 64 عينة لمرضى داء الصدفية 40) ذكر و24 انثى) يبلغ متوسط اعمارهم (9 - 70 سنة)، كما شملت الدراسة 38 شخصا من الاصحاء (21 ذكر و17 انثى) يبلغ متوسط اعمارهم 15 - 65 سنة كمجموعة السيطرة جارت مجاميع المرضى.اظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية في مستوى كل من TNF - α وIL10 في المصل لدى مرضى داء الصدفية مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة (P<0.01) . كما اظهرت الدراسة ارتباط معنوي بين مستوى TNF - α وشدة الاصابة ( - r=0.49, p=0.0001) بينما كان معامل الانحدار عكسي غير معنوي بين مستوى IL10 في المصل وشدة الاصابة ( - r= 0.29, P=0.0109) , وكان الانحدار عكسي معنوي بين مستوى IL10 و( - r= - 0.29) (p=0.0028) TNF - α. كما اظهرت النتائج ارتفاعا معنويا (P<0.01) في مستوى VEGF في المصل لدى مرضى داء الصدفية مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة بينما كان الانحدارغير معنويا بين مستوى VEGF وشدة الاصابة( - r= - 0.05) .اظهرت النتائج وجود ثلاث انماط وراثية للتغايرات في موقع الجين TNF - α - 308 حيث كانت النسب AA 5 (7.81%) ,AG 24 (37.50% وGG 35 (54.69% في مجموعة السيطرة كانت 10 (26.31%) , 16 (42.11% و12 (31.58% اما توزيع الانماط الوراثية الناتجة من تحليل جين VEGF+405 كان النمط الوراثي CG هو السائد 24 (37.05) لدى مرضى الصدفية والنمط الوراثي CC هو الاقل ظهورا 1 (1.56%).. اضافة الى ذلك اظهر نتائج تحديد تتابع النيكليوتيدات للموقع الوراثي IL10 - 1082 نمطين وراثين حيث كان النمط الوراثي GG هو الاكثر تواجدا لدى مرضى داء الصدفية ( 47.5%) والنمط GA بنسبة (28.5%) مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة التي جاءت جميعها بالنمط الوراثي GG. | Psoriasis is an immune mediated skin disease with a wide - world prevalence involves both genders and different age, it is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The current study aims to evaluate the association of (Interleukin 10, Tumor Necrosis Factor - α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) genes polymorphism in psoriasis. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) and DNA sequencing techniques, while there serum levels determined by ELISA. This case - control study is done in a period of March 2015 to December 2017, where the samples collected from Marjan Medical City in Babylon Province. The number of samples was (64) patients psoriasis (40 males and 24 females ) with an average age ( 9 - 70 year), (50) of them were with type 1 psoriasis and (14) type 2. In addition, the study included 38 apparently healthy people who were (21 males and 17 females) with an average age (15 - 65 year), as control matched with disease group. The present study revealed a significant increasing (P<0.01) of Tumor Necrosis Factor - α (TNF - α) and Interleukin 10 (IL10) in patients compare with controls. In addition, there is a significantly regression between severity of disease and TNF - α serum level (r =0.49, p=0.0001) and non - significant invers regression with IL10 serum level (r= 0.29, P=0.0109). In addition, the results established an A significant negative correlation which has been found between IL10 and TNF - α (r= - 0.29) (p=0.0028). Physiological, the study shows significant increasing in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) level in patient compare with control (P<0.01). There is no correlation between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) serum level and severity or onest of disease (r= - 0.05).Genetically, analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms PCR - RFLP genotyping for TNF - α - 308 G/A (rs1800629) SNP, Genotype distribution in patient were GG 35 (54.69%), AG 24 (37.50%) and AA 5 (7.81%) while in control were AG16 (42.11%), GG 12 (31.58%) and AA10 (26.31%).The genetic analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of VEGF +405 SNP, genotype distribution CC homozygous was predominant in patient 39(60.94%) and GG homozygous was 24 (37.05) While the GCwas the least 1 (1.56%). Comparing with the control group was CG 18(47.37%), CC 13(34.21%) and GG 7(18.42%).On the other hand , the statistical analysis for the role of genotyping for TNF - α - 308 SNP in the Serum levels of TNF - α were different between TNF - 308 AA (126.90 ± 14.96) patients and TNF - α GA(106.55 ± 16.42) and GG (57.94 ± 7.72) genotypes (p < 0.01). Analysis for the role of genotyping for VEGF +405 SNP non - significant difference between homozygous CC (408.30 ± 0.00), homozygous was GG (326.00 ± 34.81) and heterozygous CG (376.41 ± 58.63).This result promotes that the both of TNF - α - 308 SNP polymorphism and VEGF +405 SNP strongly implicated in the pathogenicity, severity and onest of psoriasis.PCR - sequencing for IL10 - 1082 A/G (rs1800896) locus shows a significant difference of percentage distributions of alleles and genotypes for IL10 - 1082 (rs1800896) locus between patient and control, GG homozygous was predominant in patient (71.5%) while the AG heterozygous was (28.5 %). Comparing with control group GG (100%).

اسم المؤلف: همام علي هادي

اسم المشرف: ستار جاسم حتروش | رشا حسن جاسم

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

النص الكامل من المصدر: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Aphysiological-Biochemical-and-Histological-Study-to-Non-%E2%80%93-Genetic-Acute-Lymphocytic-Leukemia-for-Patients-in-Karbala-City.pdf

مكان الجامعة: كربلاء

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The rate of cancer infection has increased with a clear rise in the incidence of leukemia in Iraq's common diseases in 2017, which was the seventh place in 1989, as follows. Generally, about 10 among 100,000 people are infected with leukemia, male have the biggest ratio between the patients with leukemia, finally, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is increased at patients with 3 to 7 years old. During the period from the beginning of February 2016 to the first week of 2017 in the Center of Oncology of Hematology in the medical city of Hussein in Karbala', 30 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia their age were ranged from 2 - 13 years old (19 male and 11 female), without familiar history with cancerous disease. The samples were collected before treatment with chemotherapy, and they were follow - up during the stages of treatment. The control group included 30 samples ranging from 1 - 13 years (18 males and 12 females) Numerous biochemical and histological parameters were assessed in the samples of study patients before and after receiving treatment and the recorded results were compared to the control group. The results of the study showed significant results (p<0.05) at the levels of CLEC4E, MDA, Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Concentration and EOP in the group of animals with acute lymphocytic leukemia before receiving treatment compared to healthy individuals. The current study showed decreased concentrations of CLEC4E, Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Concentration, Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Concentration and Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Activity, while EOP levels increased after chemotherapy, while MDA remained at an unrecognized level at diagnosis. The study showed significant differences (p=0.000) when elevating a number of blood parameters, WBC level and Ferritin concentration. When the stud recorded statistically significant rise in the level of platelets and Hb concentration before chemotherapy. At diagnosis, the present study showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni levels in the patients group, before treatment. However, statistical analysis of trace elements in the sera of patients after treatment didn’t show significant differ than their levels at diagnosis. The study the effect of acute lymphocytic leukemia in the function of kidney showed significant increase in the levels of ANP and Urea in sera of patient samples as well as levels of urinary microalbumin comparison to control group levels, contrast to that, Creatinin levels showed significant (p=0.001) decrease in serum of patients group. Comparative study showed that there were statistically significant differences (p=0.000) of ANP, Urea, Creatinin, Uric Acid, and Microalbumin in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia after receiving chemotherapy compared to healthy peers.In order to evaluate liver function, GOT and GPT levels as well as STP levels in patients with leukemia were observed within the range recorded in healthy individuals. On the other hand, the current study showed a rise in the levels of ALP enzyme in patients exceeded twice that recorded in the group of healthy children. After receiving chemotherapy, the study showed a significant increase (p=0.000) for GOT, GPT and ALP levels for the group of patients compared to healthy individuals, a significant decrease (p=0.000) of STP levels in the group of patients compared to healthy patients. The study identified many differences between patients and healthy males as well as between infected and healthy females at the level of implicit comparisons between the two groups at diagnosis and after treatment, as shown in the table below which summarizes the relationship between patients of both ganders with their healthy peers. The current study showed statistically significant statistically associations, the clearest among them was recorded when CLEC4E correlated to EOP, which were positive in 100% of the study samples at diagnosis and negative in the same samples after receiving chemotherapy. The results of the study showed that 80% of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia were with type 1, L1, 17% of type 2, L2 and 3% of the third type L3, the promise of the first type has a good outcome of the disease as the response is good for treatment and go through recovery after treatment.

تاثير عقار الديكساميثازون في غرس الكيس الارومي وغضروف وعظم الجنين وبعض المعايير الكيموحيوية في مصل دم الجرذان الحوامل == Effect of Dexamethasone on blastocyst implantation, Cartilage ,bone embryo and some serum biochemical parameters in pregnant rats

اسم المؤلف: علاء حسين مهدي الصافي

اسم المشرف: اكرم يوسف ياسر

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: العربية

النص الكامل من المصدر: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Effect-of-Dexamethasone-on-blastocyst-implantation-Cartilage-bone-embryo-and-some-serum-biochemical-parameters-in-pregnant-rats-.pdf

مكان الجامعة: كربلاء

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Dexamethasone (DX) is considered one of the steroidal drugs which have varieties of clinical application in medicine for treatment of many different cases. The present study was aimed to know the effect of DX on the implantation of blastocyst during the days 7 and ten of pregnancy, and the process of development of cartilage and bones in the fetuses of albino rats during the days 15 and 20 of pregnancy. In addition to that some physiological parameters aimed to be elucidated in the pregnant rats. The study was conducted in the department of Biology \College of Education for Pure Sciences/ University of Karbala in the period of April, 2016 to May 2017. Ninety four albino rats have been used, among them 10 male rats were used for matting with 84 female rats .The females were divided into three groups, with 28 rats for each group . The first control group was injected with physiological normal saline (0.9%) intraperitoneally. The other two groups were received daily injection via the same route with 0.2 and 0.4 of DX \ 250 gm. of body weight respectively. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups with seven pregnant female rats for each one. The pregnant rats of each subgroup were sacrificed on the following days : 7,10,15, and 20 respectively The subgroups of the latter two days were used to study the development of the cartilage and bones. Half of the embryos on day 20 of pregnancy from the control and treated groups were used for histological sectioning; while the other half were used to stain the embryonic skeleton according to double staining technique of Whitaker and Dix . All the collected samples which include the implantation sites from the pregnant uteri at days 7 and 10, together with whole embryos from days 15 and 20 of pregnancy, were put in two types of fixatives : 10% formalin and Boun's solution. The collected samples then processed according to the traditional methods of paraffin embedding to be cut into sections of five µm thicknesses. The sections were stained by haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E); one step trichrome; periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) with and without diastase; Alcian blue at pH 1.0 and 2.5. Blood samples from pregnant rats were collected on days 7,10,15,and 20 of pregnancy to check for the following biochemical parameters : concentration of calcium ,phosphate and potassium ions ;alkaline phosphatase ,and acid phosphatase enzymes; and estimation of parathyroid and calcitonin hormones. The results of the H&E stained section of pregnant sites of both the control and treated groups have shown that blastocyst was implanted in the antimesometrial side of the uterus. Most of this side of the uterus has become decidualized tissue, where four zones could be identified : the primary decidual zone; secondary decidual zone ;implantation site; and undifferentiated decidual basal zone. On day 10 of pregnancy the embryos have shifted their position from the antimesometrial side to the mesometrial side of the uterus. The decidual tissue has grown wider and included most of stromal cells of the endometrium. The changing of the position of the embryos at day 10 is important for their survival because they will become nearer to the main blood supply to uterus which are running in the mesometrium. The results of the one step trichrome stained sections from both the control and treated groups have shown clear distribution of collagen fibers in the decidual tissues at days 7 and 10 of pregnancy, which gave an indication of the success of pregnancy up to these stages. The primary decidual zone was devoid of collagen fibers but they are evident in the secondary decidual zone. At day 10 of pregnancy the collagen fibers were more in evidence especially at the mesometrial side of the uterus. The importance of collagen fibers was to give support to the blood vessels supplying the placenta which are coursing through the mesometrium. Positive stain has been revealed in PAS reaction in decidual tissue on day seven of pregnancy without diastase, but it was negative with diastase. No reaction ,in the decidual tissue, with and without diastase was noticed at day ten of pregnancy. With Alcian blue pH 1.0 no reaction was noticed in the decidual tissue of both control and treated groups at days seven and ten of pregnancy. On the other hand positive reaction has come out at pH 2.5. The reaction at that pH was more prominent at the antimesometrial decidual tissue. But it was only depicted in the wall of blood sinusoid of the mesometrial decidual tissue. Tongue like extensions of trophoblasts was noticed to be extending from the recently implanted embryo toward the endometrium, at day seven of pregnancy of both the control and treated group. The trophoblasts were pushing themselves in the direction of mesometrial decidual tissue in order to reach and settle nearer and in the wall of the blood sinusoids of that area. The invasion trophoblasts destination was to reach to the spiral arteries supplying the labyrinthine placenta in the rats. At the 15th day of gestation there was no significant change in the cartilage model in the posterior limbs of the two treatment groups from the control group. The important signal indicated by the present study was observation of cartilaginous cell necrosis, hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, At the age of near the end of pregnancy in the treatment groups, many of the effects on the bone tissue, which are the existence of a vacuum around the bone cells and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in addition to bone erosion and arthritis and the reduction of cartilage and irregularity of medicine Surface area, hyperlipidemias and leavicular necrosis. Bone marrow squeaks in the control group and the first dose group of dexamethasone were found to be more extensive than the second treatment group. The bones of control group embryos stained with alizarin red has acquired much more red coloration than the treated group embryos, which indicated a slowdown of ossification in their bones compared with control group, Showed that the length of the skull, spine, forelimbs and hind limbs of the fetal fetus at the age of 20 days of gestation of from the treatment groups has decreased for length in the control group but the decline was not significantly level (P <0.05) . The calcium, phosphate and potassium ions concentration was low in the blood serum of treated group ( P< 0.05) during the whole period studied. However the phosphate ions was low in the control group .For the alkaline phosphatase level, it was significantly low ( P< 0.05) in the treated groups compare with the control. On the other hand the level of the acid phosphatase was high in the treated group ( P< 0.05). The concentration of both the parathyroid and calcitonin hormones was significantly higher ( P< 0.05) in the treated groups compared with control. In conclusion, the present study has revealed that DX treatment showed no interference with the process of implantation during the days seven and ten, and with chondrogenesis on day fifteen of pregnancy. While the effect on cartilage formation on the fifteenth day and bone on the twentieth day of pregnancy.

اسلوب التعقيد - التبسيط المعرفي وعلاقته بالتفكير الانفعالي والاتكالية المعرفية لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية == Cognitive style Of Complexity - Simplicity and its relation to the emotional thinking and cognitive dependency of students in the preparatory stage

اسم المؤلف: دعاء عيــدان عبــد الله

اسم المشرف: شروق كاظم سلمان

الموضوع العام: علم النفس

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس التربوي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يعد الاسلوب المعرفي (التعقيد - التبسيط) من بين الاساليب المعرفية التي حظيت باهتمام الباحثين بمجالات عدة ، اذ يرى فانوي Vannoy بان التعقيد المعرفي متغير يؤثر في ادراك الفرد وتقييمه للاحداث ، فهو يرى بان بعض الافراد يستعملون ابعادا قليلة في ملاحظتهم وتقويمهم المثيرات الموجودة في البيئة، في حين على العكس من ذلك فان البــــــعض الاخــــــر يستـــــعملون ابـــــــعاد عــــــــدة ، او تمايـــــزات عــــــدة في ملاحــــظتهم وتقويمهم للمثيرات ، وان اسلوب التعقيد المعرفي يصف قدرة الفرد على ان يميز، ويوحد جوانب متعددة من الميادين المعرفية، كما انه يحدد قابلية الفرد على اكتساب وتصنيف المعلومات المختلفة من البيئة وتنظيمها بطريقة ما ، فالاشخاص ذوو التعقيد المعرفي يميلون الى استخدام معلومات اكثر، والى رؤية العلاقات بشكل اكثر مقارنة بالاشخاص ذوي التبسيط المعرفي، وعلى اي حال فان اسلوب التعقيد المعرفي يعد متغيرا مهما في الطريقة التي يميز بها الناس بين الاشارات الاجتماعية، وعمل الاحكام المبنية على اساس معلومات اكثر تمايزا ، كما ان هذا الاسلوب يمكن ان ينظر اليه ليس كمتغير في مجال الفروق الفردية فحسب، ولكنه يعد دافعا بحد ذاته، اذ ينعكس في نزعات بحث الشخص عن الحداثة والتنوع والمواقف غير المالوفة. ويعد التفكير الانفعالي في تناوله المتغير الثاني هو احد الموضوعات المهمة في علم النفس المعرفي, اذ يمثل احد انواع التفكير السلبية الذي يعتمد على الخبرات التي يمر بها الفرد، وما تحويه من عواطف وانفعالات واحاسيس، اذ تحرفه تلك العواطف وتسيطر على تفكيره , ويغلب عليه الطابع الانفعالي، ويتسم بضعف السيطرة على السلوك والمشاعر، وضيق الافق، والتسرع في الحكم والفعل، وضعف الكفاءة في ادارة العلاقات العاطفية والاجتماعية، والتعامل مع الضغوط الموقفية، وتقلب المزاج، وسرعة الاستثارة، والقلق والتوتر، وتشوش الافكار، والخطا في الاختيار، وضعف التقييم للموضوعات والاحداث، وغير العقلانية في تقدير العواقب، وقصور في التخطيط للاهداف بعيدة الامد. وهنالك الكثير من المتغيرات التي ترتبط بهذا النوع من التفكير، وابرزها الاتكالية المعرفية، والتي تعد واحدة من الموضوعات الحيوية في عصرنا الحالي، والتي تظهر في مرحلة ما قبل المدرسة في بعض انماط السلوك، مثل : طلب الفرد المساعدة على حل المشكلات، وطلب الطمانينة، وطلب المودة والتاييد، والتشبث بالغير، وكراهية الانفصال عنهم وهي تدل على استعداد سلوكي كامن في الطفولة، وقد يظهر في نهاية مرحلة المراهقة، او مرحلة الرشد، وتعطي له صفة الثبات النسبي في مراحل الحياة اللاحقة . ويهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على : - 1 - قياس اسلوب التعقيد - التبسيط المعرفي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية. - 2 قياس التفكير الانفعالي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية. - 3 قياس الاتكالية المعرفية لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية.4 - هل هناك منبا منفرد، او تجمع من متنبئات التفكير الانفعالي، والاتكالية المعرفية ممكن ان تتنبا باسلوب التعقيد .5 - هل هناك منبا منفرد، او تجمع من متنبئات التفكير الانفعالي، والاتكالية المعرفية ممكن ان تتنبا باسلوب التبسيط . ولتحقيق اهداف البحث , اعدت الباحثة مقياس التعقيد - التبسيط المعرفي على وفق منظور كروكت 1964 لهذا المفهوم, واعدت الباحثة مقياس التفكير الانفعالي على وفق منظور داماسيو2000 ، اما مقياس الاتكالية المعرفية، فقد اعدته الباحثة على وفق منظور كاتل 1950 ، وقد قامت الباحثة بالتحقق من صدق المقاييس وثباتها, وتحليل الفقرات احصائيا على عينه بلغت (400) طالبا وطالبة, بعد ان تم تطبيق المقاييس على العينة نفسها من ناحية الكرخ والرصافة في بغداد اختيروا بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية، وبالاسلوب المتناسب ، ولتحليل نتائج البحث استعملت الباحثة مجموعة من الوسائل الاحصائية منها(الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون وتحليل الانحدار المتعدد). وقد توصلت الباحثة للنتائج الاتية : - • اظهرت النتائج ان طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية لديهم اسلوب التعقيد المعرفي .2 - اظهرت النتائج ان طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية لديهم تفكيرا انفعاليا .3 - اظهرت النتائج ان طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية لديهم اتكالية معرفية .4 - اظهرت النتائج ان التفكير الانفعالي(المجال السلوكي)، والاتكالية المعرفية(المجال الانفعالي) ذات اسهام بدرجة مرتفعة في اسلوب التعقيد لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية .5 - اظهرت النتائج ان الاتكالية المعرفية(المجال الانفعالي) ذات اسهام بدرجة مرتفعة في اسلوب التبسيط لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية . وفي ضوء النتائج | The cognitive style (complexity - Simplicity) is one of the cognitive styles that drew the attention of researchers in various fields, as Vannoy believes that the complexity of cognitive variable affects the perception of the individual and his assessment of the events he felt that some individuals use a few dimensions in their observation and their calendar stimuli in the environment , while on the contrary , others use several dimensions or several distinctions in their observation and their assessment of the stimuli , and the complexity of cognitive style describes the individual 's ability to recognize and unify multiple aspects of cognitive fields, It also determines the individual's ability to acquire and classify different information from the environment and organize it in some way. People with cognitive complexity tend to use more information and to see relationships more than those with cognitive Simplicity. However, Cognitive style Of Complexity is an important variable in the way it distinguishes People are among the social signals and the work of judgments based on more specific information, and this method can be seen not only as a variable in the field of individual differences, but it is a motivator in itself as reflected in the trends of the person's search for modernity, diversity and attitudes It is familiar. Emotional thinking about eating the second variable is one of the important topics in cognitive psychology, as it represents one of the types of negative thinking that depends on the experiences experienced by the individual and the content of the emotions and the emotions and feelings where deviate those emotions and control his thinking, and predominantly emotional, and is characterized by weak control behavior and emotions, and narrow - mindedness, and the rush to judgment and act, and poor efficiency in the management of emotional and social relations , and dealing with attitudinal pressures, mood swings, rapid arousal, anxiety and tension, cluttered thoughts, wrong choice, poor assessment of topics Events, and irrational in the estimation of the consequences, and the lack of planning for the long - term goals. There are many variables that are associated with this type of thinking, most notably cognitive dependency , which is considered one of the vital issues of our current time which appear in the pre - school in some behavior patterns , such as the individual to ask for help to solve problems and asked for peace of mind, and the request of affection and support, and cling third parties and their hatred of separation which shows ready behavior inherent in childhood and may appear at the end of adolescence or adulthood , and give him a status of relative stability in the subsequent stages of life. The current research aims to identify : 1 - Measure style of Complexity - Simplicity In Students in preparatory stage .2 - Measuring the emotional thinking of the Students in the preparatory stage.3 - Measure Cognitive dependency for Students in Preparatory stage.4 - Is There single or gathering from forecasters of Emotional thinking and Cognitive dependency that Predict in Complexity style.5 - Do there single or gathering From Forecasters emotional thinking and Cognitive dependency that predict in Simplicity style . To achieve the research objectives , The researcher prepared a measure complexity - Simplicity cognitive according to Crockett 's perspective 1964 this concept , the researcher prepared emotional thinking according to the Damasio 2000 perspective of the scale, while the cognitive dependency scale was prepared by the researcher according perspective Cattell 1950, has been the researcher to verify the authenticity of standards and consistency, and analysis of paragraphs statistically (400) students, after the standards were applied to the same sample in terms of Karkh and Rusafa in Baghdad were chosen in a random stratified manner and in an unequal manner and to analyze the results of the research the researcher used a set of statistical means,( one Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis). The researcher reached the following results : • the students of preparatory stage have Cognitive style Of Complexity .• the results showed that students in preparatory stage have an emotional thinking.• the results showed that preparatory students have cognitive dependency. • emotional thinking (behavioral domain) and cognitive dependency (emotional domain) have great degree of contribution in the complexity style for the preparatory stage students.• cognitive dependency (emotional domain) have great degree of contribution in the Simplicity style for preparatory stage students In the light of the results achieved in the current research, the researcher came up with some suggestions and recommendations.

اليقظة العقلية على وفق انموذج ريد Reid لاساليب التعلم لدى طلبة الجامعة من ذوي التحكم المدرك العالي والواطئ == Mindfulness According to the Reid Model of the Learning Styles of University Students with Perceived Control (high - Low

اسم المؤلف: سلام محمد علي هادي عبد

اسم المشرف: علي حسين مظلوم المعموري

الموضوع العام: علم النفس

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس التربوي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Mindfulness according to the Reed model of the learning styles of university students with Perceived Control )high - Low (This research was conducted at the University of Babylon and the aim of identifying : 1 - level of Mindfulness of university students.2 - Differences of statistical significance in Mindfulness according to gender and field3 - the most preferred learning style and common of university students.4 - Differences of statistical significance in the styles of learning according to gender and field5 - the level of Perceived Control of university students.6 - Differences of statistical significance in the Perceived Control according to gender and field7 - Differences of statistical significance in the Mindfulness according to learning styles and Perceived Control (high, Low)The research Population consisted of (21200) male and female students from the scientific and humanities colleges of Babylon University in the morning study during the academic year (2016 - 2017), by (8199) male and (13001) female. The sample of the study consisted of (600) Students of the second and third stages, (234) male and (366) female. And by about (2.80%). Their choice was in a random manner of (4) colleges, (2) colleges of scientific field, and (2) colleges of human sciences.the investigator has adopted the Langer (1992) scale to determine the level of Mindfulness, and the scale prepared by ( Rothbaum & et. Al, 1982) for perceived control. In order to identify the preferred learning styles of university students, the investigator constructed a measure of learning styles (Reid, 1984). The T - test was used for one sample and the test of the Kai box for good conformance and the binary variance analysis was used to extract the results that resulted in : c1 - high level of Mindfulness in the university students.2 - There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) in Mindfulness according to variables (gender and academic field).3 - The preferred style of learning among university students is the individual style.4 - There are differences at the level of (0.05)in learning styles according to (gender and academic field) and according to each of the (6) style of learning5 - high level of Perceived Control in the university students.6 - There are differences of statistical significance at the level of significance (0.05) in the Perceived Control according to the gender field variable for the benefit of students, and there are no differences according to the variable academic field.7 - There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) in Mindfulness according to the variable of learning styles. There was more than one difference in more than one style, and the results also showed differences according to the variable of Perceived Control for students with high Perceived Control

التازر البصري الحركي والذاكرة البصرية لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة من ذوي الذكاء الشكلي واللفظي واقرانهم العاديين == The Visual Motor Coordination and Visual Memory of The Children in Special Education Classes with figural and Verbal Intelligence and Their Normal Peers

اسم المؤلف: نور رضا عبيس الفنهراوي

اسم المشرف: كاظم عبد نور عبد زيد

الموضوع العام: علم النفس

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس التربوي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تكمن مشكلة البحث الحالي في وجود صعوبات يعاني منها تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة لعل اهمها هي ضعف المهارات الحركية الدقيقة التي تؤثر في ضعف التازر البصري الحركي وتتاثر بها، وان الاطفال ذوي الصعوبات في الذاكرة البصرية يواجهون صعوبة في التعرف على الكلمات وفي تذكر قواعد الاملاء والتهجئة. وتزداد تلك الصعوبات كما ونوعا عندما ترتبط بانخفاض الذكاء الشكلي واللفظي. اما اهمية البحث فتاتي من ان التازر البصري الحركي يعد من المتغيرات المهمة في اداء المهارات الاساسية بمستوياتها المختلفة في سنوات الطفل الاولى، وبالتالي تؤثر في نموه وتعلمه القراءة والكتابة. وتتضح اهمية الذاكرة البصرية (الصورية) لدى التلامذة في تحويل المعلومات اللفظية في مواد الدراسة المختلفة الى اشكال مختلفة، وهذا بدوره يساعد على تنظيم عملية التذكر. اما الذكاء اللفظي (اللغوي) فهو المتغير الاخر الذي حظي باهتمام الباحثين والدارسين وخصوصا في المرحلة الابتدائية، لكونها تعد فرصة سانحة لتطوير استعدادات الاطفال وكفاياتهم المعرفية، وللذكاء الشكلي اهمية كبيرة لانه يتغلب على مشكلة اللغة بين الافراد ومشكلة الثقافات المختلفة والمؤثرات التعليمية.وهدف البحث الحالي الى تحقيق ستة اهداف رئيسة هي التعرف على : 1 - درجة التازر البصري الحركي لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة واقرانهم العاديين.2 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى التازر البصري الحركي للتلامذة على وفق : نوع التلامذة (تربية خاصة - عاديين) ب - الجنس (ذكور - اناث).3 - درجة الذاكرة البصرية لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة واقرانهم العاديين.4 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى الذاكرة البصرية للتلامذة على وفق : ا - نوع التلامذة (تربية خاصة - عاديين) ب - الجنس (ذكور - اناث).5 - درجة الذكاء (الشكلي - اللفظي) لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة واقرانهم العاديين.6 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى الذكاء (الشكلي - اللفظي) للتلامذة على وفق : اولا - الذكاء الشكلي : ا - نوع التلامذة (تربية خاصة - عاديين). ب‌ - الجنس (ذكور - اناث).ثانيا - الذكاء اللفظي : ا - نوع التلامذة (تربية خاصة - عاديين). ب‌ - الجنس (ذكور - اناث). وتالف مجتمع البحث من (511) من تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة، و(5163) من التلامذة العاديين، اما عينته فتكونت من (200) تلميذ وتلميذة، (100) منهم من تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة. و(100) من التلامذة العاديين. وتطلب تحقيق اهداف البحث وجود ثلاث ادوات قياس، بنت الباحثة الاولى (اختبار للتازر البصري الحركي)، واعدت الثانية (ختبار الذاكرة البصرية)، وتبنت الثالثة (اختبار الذكاء الشكلي واللفظي) ل سري (1988)، وبعد التاكد من توافر الخصائص السايكومترية للادوات الثلاث، تم تطبيقها فرديا على افراد عينة البحث تم معالجة بياناتها احصائيا باستعمال الحقيبة الاحصائية (SPSS) واسفرت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي عما ياتي : 1 - ارتفاع مستوى التازر البصري الحركي لدى التلامذة العاديين وانخفاضه لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة، وكان الفرق دالا عند مستوى (0.05).2 - وجود فروق دالة احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) في مستوى التازر البصري الحركي لدى التلامذة العاديين وتلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة لصالح التلامذة العاديين، ووجود فروق دالة احصائيا في الجنس (ذكور - اناث) لصالح الذكور عند مستوى الدلالة نفسه.3 - ارتفاع مستوى الذاكرة البصرية لدى التلامذة العاديين وانخفاضه لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة. وكان الفرق دال عند مستوى (0.05).4 - وجود فروق دالة احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) في مستوى الذاكرة البصرية لدى التلامذة العاديين وتلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة لصالح التلامذة العاديين، ووجود فروق دالة احصائيا في الجنس (ذكور - اناث) لصالح الذكور عند مستوى الدلالة نفسه.5 - ارتفاع مستوى الذكاء الشكلي واللفظي لدى التلامذة العاديين وانخفاضه لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة، وكان الفرق دال عند مستوى (0.05).6 - وجود فروق دالة احصائيا عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) لكل من الذكاء الشكلي واللفظي لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة ونظرائهم العاديين، لصالح التلامذة العاديين. وفي متغير الجنس، تفوق التلاميذ الذكور على التلميذات في الذكاء الشكلي، وتفوق التلميذات على التلاميذ في الذكاء اللفظي. وفي ضوء تلك النتائج، استنتجت الباحثة عدد من الاستنتاجات اهمها : 1 - للتازر البصري الحركي اهمية كبيرة في تعلم القراءة والكتابة لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة والتلامذة العاديين.2 - للذكاء الشكلي والفظي او كليهما دور في التازر البصري الحركي، وبالتالي في اكتساب المعرفة.3 - للذاكرة البصرية دور مهم في عملية التعلم. واوصت الباحثة بعدد من التوصيات، اهمها : 1 - رعاية الاطفال ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في كل صف من صفوف المرحلة الابتدائية وخصوصا في الصف الاول لتعلم القراءة والكتابة وتوفير النشاطات التي تنمي تازرهم البصري الحركي.2 - استعمال الوسائل التعليمية البصرية الحديثة لتطوير نمو الذاكرة لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة، وكذلك الانشطة التي تتضمن وتنمي حواس الطفل المتعلم وخصوصا الانشطة البصرية الملونة بصورة خاصة.3 - اجراء اختبار دوري للذكاء الشكلي واللفظي لدى التلامذة العاديين وذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة ومعرفة تطوره عبر مراحل العمر. وفي ضوء نتائج البحث، اقترحت الباحثة : 1 - بحث الفرق بين الاطفال المتفوقين والاطفال العاديين في التازر البصري الحركي والذاكرة البصرية.2 - بحث الذكاء الشكلي واللفظي وعلاقته بالنمو المعرفي لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة واقرانهم التلامذة العاديين.3 - القيام ببحوث مماثلة للبحث الحالي على فئات اطفال التربية الخاصة مثل المتوحدين والمتخلفين عقليا.

المهارات السمعية والبصرية والحركية للاطفال ذوي طيف التوحد وذوي متلازمة داون

اسم المؤلف: زينب علي هادي

اسم المشرف: فاهم حسين الطريحي

الموضوع العام: علم النفس

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس التربوي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The developmental disorders is one of the issues that attractedsignificantly lots of attentionin recent times due to the increasing awarenessof the importance of the discovery of these disorders and finding treatmentfor them in early time. Especially when the impact of these disorders extendsto include all aspects of the life of the individual and their capabilities, skills andmethods in coping with the environmental needs. This leads to the formation of a special type of identity that characterizesthe individual from the others. These disorders include : Autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome, Due to the rights of the children with autism spectrum disorder and those with Down syndrome to have treatment and the proper training and education and as a result of the close link between the training andeducation of these children and to determine their skill level, many questions are aroused about their skills, especially audio - visual and motor skills, which are linked more with the learning skills. Also, whether the disorders they suffer from have affected these skills in one way or another? This Prompts the researcher to do the present research which aimsat : First : Diagnosing children with autism spectrum disorder.Second : identifying : 1. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder according to the variable of sex (male, female).2. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Down syndrome, according to the variable of sex (male, female).3. Statistically significant differences in the level of autism spectrum disorder according to the variable of sex (male, female).4. The audio - visual and motor skills for children with : A.Autism spectrum disorder.B. Down syndrome.5. Statistically significant differences in the level of audio - visual and motor skills according to : A The disturbance pattern (autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome).(B) Sex (male, female).To achieve these goals, the researcher builda scale to diagnose children autism spectrum disorder and build a test for audio skills and a test for motor skills and adopt Morrison Gardner test for visual skills. Thevirtual honesty and sincerity of the construction of the tools are verified. The stability is verified in two ways re - test and the equation of Alpha - Cronbach or Kiodor Richardson equation that is used in bi - answer tests. After verifying the validity and reliability of the tools the scale of diagnosing autism spectrum disorder is applied on a sample consisting of (225) male and female children who are in government and private special education schools in the cities of Baghdad and Hilla. Tests of the audio visual and motor skills have been applied to the group of 330 children, including a sample (192) children with autism spectrum disorder and 138 children with Down syndrome.After collecting the data and treating it statistically by using (mean, standard deviation, variance, chi square test,t - test samples for one sample, Pearson correlation coefficient, the contrast duo analysis and ETA coefficient square), the present study reached the following conclusions : 1. Diagnosing (192) children with autism spectrum disorder, including 163 males and 29 females There are statistically significant differences in the prevalence of autism spectrumdisorderamong males and femalesand specially for males.3. The lack of statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Down syndrome among males and females. .4. There are no statistically significant differences in the level of autism spectrumdisorderamong males and females.5. The existence of significant differences in the level of audio and visual skills among the children with autism spectrum disorder and those with Down syndrome and especially children with Down syndrome.6. No statistically significant differences are detected in the level of audio visual and motor skills according to sex variable.7. There are no statistically significant differences in the level of motor skills among children with autism spectrum disorder and those with Down syndrome.In light of these results a number of recommendations and suggestions are introduced.

الكفاءة التواصلية وعلاقتها بالتركيب الهرمي للقدرات المعرفية لدى طلبة الجامعة == Communicative Competence Relationship to Hierarchical Structure of Cognitive Abilities to University students

اسم المؤلف: نجاة محمد مطر

اسم المشرف: حسين ربيع حمادي

الموضوع العام: علم النفس

الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس التربوي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ان البحث الحالي الذي اهتم بالكفاءة التواصلية وعلاقتها بالتركيب الهرمي للقدرات المعرفية. هدف الى تعرف : 1 - مستوى الكفاءة التواصلية لدى طلبة الجامعة.2 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى الكفاءة التواصلية على وفق متغيري الجنس والتخصص.3 - مستوى التركيب الهرمي للقدرات المعرفية لدى طلبة الجامعة.4 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى التركيب الهرمي للقدرات المعرفية على وفق متغيري الجنس والتخصص.5 - العلاقة الارتباطية بين الكفاءة التواصلية والتركيب الهرمي للقدرات المعرفية لدى طلبة الجامعة.6 - التنبؤ بالكفاءة التواصلية بدلالة التركيب الهرمي للقدرات المعرفية لدى طلبة الجامعة. وتالف مجتمع البحث من (7671) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة الجامعة بابل من الاقسام الانسانية والعلمية. اما عينته فتكونت من (600) طالبا وطالبة، شكلت حوالي (7.8%) من مجتمع البحث. تم اختـــــــــيارهم بالطــــــــــــــــريقة العشوائية الطبقية ذات التـــــــــــوزيع المتناسب بواقع (228) من الذكور، (372) من الاناث. وبواقع (289) من الكليات العلمية، و(311) من الكليات الانسانية. ولغرض تحقيق اهداف البحث اعدت الباحثة اداتين. تمثلت الاولى بمقياس الكفاءة التواصلية. بينما كانت الثانية مجموعة من الاختبارات تضمنتها بطارية التركيب الهرمي للقدرات المعرفية. وتم التحقق من القوة التميزية لفقراتهما بطريقتي الاتساق الداخلي، والمجموعتين المتطرفتين. كما تم ايجاد صعوبة فقرات كل من الاداتين. وايجاد صدقهما الظاهري وصدق البناء. وايجاد ثباتهما. فاستخرج معامل ثبات مقياس الكفاءة التواصلية بطريقة الفا كرونباخ. واستخرج ثبات اختبارات بطارية التركيب الهرمي للقدرات المعرفية بالطريقة التي تلائم كل اختبار. اما نتائج البحث فهي، كالاتي : 1 - وجود مستوى مرتفع ذي دلالة احصائية للكفاءة التواصلية لدى طلبة الجامعة.2 - وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في مستوى الكفاءة التواصلية على وفق متغير الجنس ولصالح الذكور. وعلى وفق متغير التخصص ولصالح العلمي عند مستوى (0.05).3 - وجود مستوى مرتفع في القدرة المعرفية العامة لدى طلبة الجامعة. ومستوى مرتفع ايضا في القدرات المعرفية العريضة لدى طلبة الجامعة. اذ كانت جميع قيم اختبار (T) موجبة ودالة عند مستوى (0.05). باستثناء القدرة العريضة (الاستدلال السائل) اذ كانت قيمة (T) سالبة ودالة عند مستوى (0.05). 4 - وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في مستوى القدرة المعرفية العامة على وفق متغير التخصص ولصالح التخصص العلمي. وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في مستوى القدرات المعرفية العريضة على وفق متغير الجنس. وعلى وفق متغير التخصص عند مستوى (0.05). اذ يوجد فروق في القدرة العريضة الاستدلال المتبلور وعلى وفق متغير التخصص لصالح العلمي. وعلى وفق التفاعل لدى (الذكور العلمي) عنه (الاناث العلمي). ولصالح (الذكور العلمي). ولدى (الاناث الانساني)، عنه لدى (الذكور الانساني). ولصالح(الاناث الانساني). ووجود فروق في مستوى القدرة العريضة الاستدعاء من الذاكرة طويلة المدى بحسب متغير الجنس ولصالح (الاناث)، وبحسب التخصص ولصالح (العلمي). ووجود فروق في مستوى القدرة العريضة المعالجة البصرية - المكانية بحسب متغير الجنس ولصالح (الذكور)، وبحسب التخصص ولصالح (العلمي). ). ووجود فروق في مستوى القدرة العريضة الاستدلال السائل بحسب متغير الجنس ولصالح (الاناث)، وبحسب التخصص ولصالح (العلمي). ووجود فروق في مستوى القدرة العريضة السرعة الادراكية بحسب متغير الجنس ولصالح (الاناث)، وبحسب التفاعل(الجنس × التخصص) اذ يرتفع مستوى القدرة العريضة السرعة الادراكية لدى (الاناث العلمي) عنه (الذكور العلمي)، ولصالح (الاناث العلمي). ويرتفع لدى (الاناث الانساني) عنه (الذكور الانساني). ولصالح (الاناث الانساني). كذلك توجد فروق في مستوى القدرة العريضة الذاكرة قصيرة المدى بحسب متغير التخصص ولصالح التخصص (العلمي)، وبحسب التفاعل(الجنس × التخصص) اذ يرتفع مستوى القدرة العريضة الذاكرة قصيرة المدى لدى التخصص العلمي عنه لدى التخصص الانساني. ويتفوق (الذكور العلمي) عنه لدى (الاناث العلمي) في هذه القدرة، ولكن تتفوق (الاناث الانساني) على (الذكور الانساني).5 - وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة احصائية بين الكفاءة التواصلية والقدرة العامة، وبينها وبين القدرة العريضة (الاستدلال المتبلور، والمعالجة البصرية - المكانية) عند مستوى (0.05).6 - تساهم القدرة العريضة (الاستدلال المتبلور، والمعالجة البصرية - المكانية) في التنبؤ بالكفاءة التواصلية عند مستوى (0.05).وخرجت الباحثة بمجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات، منها : - تضمين مادة التواصل في مناهج الدراسية الثانوية، والجامعية. لما لها من دور في حياة الطالب العلمية، والمهنية. - اجراء دراسة عريضية تتبع مستوى الكفاءة التواصلية عبر مراحل الدراسة الجامعية | Its problem emerged from the difficulties that the University students face when they Communicate. They Have difficulty in Receiving ideas, and sent information to them by others (professor material). or that appear to be sent through the ideas and information. It is possible to note that through their participation in lectures. or when writing reports required of them. or when answering questions from exams. It may be the cognitive abilities of students in the role of this difficulty. This research attempts to answer him. From these arguments, the problem of this study has emerged to answer the following question : Is the competence of Communicative relationship Structure hierarchy of cognitive capabilities of university students? Is contribute to the hierarchical structure of cognitive abilities in predicting competence communication of university students? The importance of study comes from the role of Competence of communication in the success of students in their Wares scientific, social and receiving. When students can communicating they achieve success from the scientific or professional. And they give a clear concept of itself prevent confusion. Contribute to establishment of good relationships with others. And help to enjoy mental health. As is the cognitive abilities of the most important subjects that interested them teachers, and workers in the field of education. And its relationship to other psychological subjects. Because of its role in of well - being and progress of society. The population of this study consisted of (17561) of Babylon university students. Its sample is consisted of (600) student, consisting about (3%) of the population. (336) of them are males and (264) are female. They were selected randomly. This study aimed at : 1 - Assessing the level of Competence of Communicative of subjects of this study?2 - Assessing the significant difference of the level of Competence of Communicative of the male and female. 3 - Assessing the level of the cognitive abilities of subjects of this study? 4 - Assessing the significant difference of the level cognitive abilities of the male and female.5 - Assessing the correlation coefficient for Competence of Communicative and cognitive abilities of subjects of this study.6 - Assessing the significant of the cognitive abilities To predict Competence of Communicative of subjects of this study? The main instruments of this study were two scales. And they prepare by this investigator. The first was the scale of Communicative Competence. and the second was Tests set of cognitive abilities. The findings were as follows : 1 - The level of Communicative Competence have subjects of this study was high and significant at (0.05).2 - There are significant differences at (0.05) of the levels of Communicative Competence of the male and female subjects of this study. 3 - The level of cognitive abilities have subjects of this study was high and significant. Except reasoning fluid at (0.05).4 - There are significant differences at (0.05) of the levels of cognitive abilities of the male and female subjects of this study at (0.05).5 - There are correlation coefficient for Competence of Communicative with g, Crystallized Intelligence, and Visual - Spatial Thinking at (0.05).6 - Crystallized Intelligence, and Visual - Spatial Thinking Predicts of Communicative Competence of subjects of this study at (0.05).

اسم المؤلف: عماد عباس كوفي الساعدي

الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

تقريب الدوال باستخدام دوال السبلاين - G وتعميمها الى فضاءات ثنائية الابعاد == Functions Approximation Using G - Spline and its Generalization to Two - Dimensional Spac

اسم المؤلف: اسامة حميد محمد

اسم المشرف: فاضل صبحي فاضل | اكرم محمد العبود

الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات

السنة: 2006

الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يعد موضوع " نظرية التقريب " احد اهم المواضيع في الرياضيات التطبيقية لما له من دور كبير في شتى اصناف العلوم. وكحالة خاصة من هذا الموضوع هناك نوع من الدوال تسمى دوال السبلاين، حيث اثبتت هذه الدوال كفائتها في العديد من فروع الرياضيات منها التحليل العددي، المعالجات العددية للمعادلات التفاضلية الاعتيادية والجزئية بالاضافة الى المعادلات التكاملية والاحصاء، الخ.الهدف الرئيسي للاطروحة يدور حول محورين مهمين وهما : 1 - تقريب الدوال باستخدام نوع خاص من دوال السبلاين والذي يدعى "سبلاين - G" وقد تم دراسة هذا الموضوع بالتفصيل بالاضافة الى برهنة نتيجة وبعض القضايا المساعدة من اجل تحقيق خاصية الكمال.2 - تقريب السطوح باستخدام دوال " السبلاين - G " (تعميم صيغة الـ "سبلاين - G" الى فضاءات ثنائية الابعاد). حيث تضمن ذكر نص وبرهان نظرية الوجود والوحدانية لهذه الصيغة بالاضافة الى نص وبرهان نظرية تثبت بان هذه الصيغة هي الصيغة المثلى. | The first objectives of this thesis, is oriented towards function approximation using special type of spline, which is called the "G - spline" including the details of the subject and the proof of some lemmas and corollary for completeness.The second objective of this work is the generalization of G - spline functions for two - dimensional spaces including the statement and proof of the existence and uniqueness theorems as well as the statement and proof of the optimality of two - dimensional G - spline functions.

دراسة تحليلية وطرق تقريبية لحل المعادلات التفاضلية الجزئية ذات الرتب الكسرية == Analytical Study and Approximated Methods for Solving Fractional Order Partial Differential Equations

اسم المؤلف: شذى احمد عزيز

اسم المشرف: عمر محمد عبد المجيد الفاعور

الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات

السنة: 2006

الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: الاهتمام الاساسي في هذه الاطروحة ينصب على تاسيس خلفية نظرية لتعريف ريمان - ليوفيل (Riemann - Liouville) للاشتقاق والتكامل الكسري لدالة لاكثر من متغير وكذلك حل نوع معين من المعادلات التفاضلية الجزئية ذات الرتب الكسرية باستخدام بعض الطرق التقريبية، حيث تم استخدام نظرية النقطة الثابتة (Banach fixed point theorem)لبرهان وجود ووحدانية الحل لهذا النوع من المعادلات. تم استخدام طريقتين من طرق البواقي الموزون (weighted residual method) وهما طريقة التجميع (collecation) وطريقة كاليركن (Galerkin) لمعالجة هذه المعادلات بصورة تقريبية، حيث تم استحداث صيغة جديدة للتقريب باستخدام متعددة الحدود ثنائية الابعاد (two dimensional polynomial approximation) وتم استخدامها لتقريب الدالة المجهولة. كذلك تم برهان قضية مقترحة (proposition) لايجاد شكل عام للمشتقة الكسرية لهذا التقريب. وقد تم استخدام هذا الشكل العام لانشاء طريقة جديدة بسيطة كفوءة والتي تم تسميتها طريقة التقريب بمتعددة الحدود ((polynomial approximation method. اضافة الى ذلك فقد تم مناقشة تقارب واستقرارية الطرق التقريبية الثلاثة. وفي النهاية تم كتابة برنامج لكل واحدة من هذه الطرق باستخدام MatLab (v. 6.5). | This thesis is concerned basically with establishing theoretical background for the Riemann - Liouville definition of fractional differentiation and integration of the function of several variables and solving certain type of fractional partial differential equations using some approximated methods. Banach fixed point theorem has been used to prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution to this type of equations. Two weighted residual methods (collocation and Galerkin) have been used to treat these equations approximately, where a new formulation for the two dimensional polynomial approximation has been established and used to approximate the unknown function. Also, a proposition has been proved to find a general result for the fractional derivative of this approximation. This general result has been used to construct new simple, but efficient, method called polynomial approximation method. Moreover, the convergence and stability of all the three approximated methods have been investigated. Finally, a program for each one of these methods, has been written with the aid of MatLab (v. 6.5) in order to take the whole benefit of these techniques.

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم نعمة الخرسان

اسم المشرف: مسلم حسب حسين

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الهوية في شعر صعاليك ما قبل الاسلام == The Identity in the Poetry of Saaleks Before Islam

اسم المؤلف: محمد سالم فرحان

اسم المشرف: جنان محمد عبد الجليل

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: There is no doubt that the reality in the life of poets Alsalik was lacking in stability in many cases and since the human in the Arab society before Islam suffers from the power of the collective entity tribe and the value of the rights of his rights has strengthened the value of the sense of identity from here was chosen on the hair of the titans in the era of pre - Islam as a text the title of identity came in the Poetry of the pre - Islam Salik . the importance of the research lies in the serious attempt to complete a serious of studies that are concerned with the poetic heritage, and objective values, which were mainly in building the society at that time, and to work to create a state of communication between the nations past and present .In addition, the researcher had a desire to study poetry in order to study the requirements of our time. There have been many studies dealing with identity in the narrative fields and some modern poetry .These studies explicitly or implicitly indicate the lack of per - Islamic poetry in this aspect and its inability to fly on the human horizon And this heritage, which is in the depths of time, is not yet exhausted, and that the discussion of its issues remains renewed with the renewal of the visions and perceptions assigned to its studay and the exploration of its mysteries.We have relied on the data of cultural criticism, because of their problematic issues, as well as the openness of cultural criticism on the various monetary approaches that lit up important aspects in the speech of Saalikis.Abstract bAs we use such a science, we do not adopt it or take it as a follower. We looked at open text ablutions.The study was divided in to three chapters, preceded by a conclusion. The introduction dealt with the concept of identity, the concept of language and terminology, and the relationship between identity and stupidity.The first chapter was entitled " the problems of identity" . it is divided into there categories : the first is the economic influence of of poverty, the second is the ethnic influence the effectiveness of marginalization, and the third is the moral influence and the crisis of belonging .As for the second credit, he went up to study the types of identity. He come up with three questions : the first is the double identity, the second is the identity, the third is the artificial identity.The third chapter deals with the values of countermeasures and is distributed to three subjects.The first topic deals with escape flight, while the second section includes the observer's elevation, while the third section refers to the humanization of the animal.The research concludes with the conclusion of the most important findings. In conclusion, I may have succeeded in this endeavor without my claim of perfection in it, and the opinions of those concerned with the calendar and the discussion remain the great hope in this. And the last call to me is praise to Allah, lord of the worlds.

اسرار التعبير بحرف الجر في نهج البلاغة : دراسة نحوية تحليلية == Secrets of Expressing with the preposition in Nahj al - Balagha : An Analytical Grammatical study

اسم المؤلف: قاسم درهم كاطع السعيدي

اسم المشرف: خليل خلف بشير

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Studying the literary heritage texts is of great advantage as it is the way of revealing the rhetoric of the Arabic language and its treasures , specifically if these texts are from nahj al - balagha for they hold the primacy in the purity of language and eloquence . Nahj al Balagha was written by lmam Ali Bin Abi Talib , the master of eloquence , and this prompts the researcher greatly to ponder on Nahj al - Balagha long enough and then study Secrets of Expressing with the preposition in Nahj al - Balagha : an Analytical Grammatical Study . The nature of the study , however , requires to involves a preface , four chapter and a conclusion . The Preface deals with the theoretical ground to get at the vision selected in stating the meaning of the preposition in the ambiguous subject . so this required to discuss the views related to the meaning of the preposition used in the subjects where the sense is deepened , and the to come to an adequateview that the researcher depends upon in this study. Consequently , the date , which the research got inductively , has been divided into four chapter . The first chapter studies the secrets of expressing with the one - letter preposition which includes three topics : The first one deals with the secrets of expressing with the preposition ( baa ) the second one with the letter ( kaaf ) and the third one with the letter ( laam ) The second chapter tackles the secrets of expressing with the two - letter prepositions which consists of three topics : the first one studies the secrete of expressing with the prepositions ( ann ) the second one with the prepositions ( fee ) and the third one with the preposition ( min ) the third chapter deals with the secrets of expressing with the three - letter and four - letter propositions . This chapter is made up of three topice : the first one analyzes the secrets of expressing with the prepositions ( illa ) the second one with the proposion ( ala ) and the third one with the prepositions ( rubba and hatta ) The fourth chapter studies the secrets of collective meaning ( explanation , oath , accompaniment ). Finally , the conclusion which includes the most important results of the study . The approach followed in the study and in presenting the texts is an analytical approach because access to the ambiguous meaning requires deconstructions of the meaning into its components , reading the situations contexts accurately , and know what is associated with the context This thesis has depended on various sources and references , particularly books of grammar marked By studying the meaning of letters , such as Al - Azhia in the Science of Letter by Al - Harawi , and others. Regarding the explanations of Nahj al - Balagha , in fact , were great supports to expose the texts and understand the aimed at . Writing the thesis also depended on a number of those explanations and among them were Minhaj al - Bara'a by Al - khoel , The Explanation of Nahj al - Balagha by ibn Hadeed Al - Mu'tazili , and others. Infact , writng in such a research is not easy and feasible because the topic concerns with the speech of the master of guardians ( peace and blessing upon him ) and the judgment on a particular questions is not facile , Such a research required extreme accuracy which cannot be realized without pondering on the texts of Nahj al - BaIagha and then understand them adequately. Finally , I would like thank my tutor and my supervisor Dr . KHALEEL AHALEF BASHEER for his following up this thesis accurately . I also extend my thanks to all those who offered their beneficial advice, or a kind word , or a special invocation. However , I want just to say that l do not claim to have a chieved a perfect work . in fact , l have tried to do something that will be of use for those who intend to study the rhetoric and eloquent saying of lmam Ali Bin Abi Talib for no one is able to touch on the secrets of the writings and saying . What is right in this study is certainly from the incapacitated and helpless soul . There fore , I beg God to accept my whatever l do seeking His forgiveness and mercy

الانسجام الصوتي في خطب العرب ووصاياهم في عصر ما قبل الاسلام == Acoustic Harmony in Arab Speeches and Commandments in the pre - lslamic

اسم المؤلف: علي عواد ميزر الزبيدي

اسم المشرف: عدنان عبد الكريم جمعة السالم

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Pre - Islamic prose is still inexhaustible source of knowledge, scholars and others, of different levels and disciplines, make use of it as it is a subject carries art connotations. Undoubtedly, speech is the most significant means of communication among individual people and groups, and it is the most needed means of persuasion, satisfaction and influence in a recipient. Speeches and commandments are considered the most important means to which speakers resorted to in order to impact and persuade recipients. Those who are interested in the Pre - Islamic era speeches and commandments could find that there's a kind of a clear acoustic harmony. In other words, he sounds of the words they use are compatible with the intensity, softness, preaching, guidance, command and prohibition. These are carefully used for the purpose of achieving the desired purpose and getting spread among people, then easily memorized and used.The study is in an introduction followed by four chapters, then a conclusion of the most significant results found. The introduction has served the title (Acoustic Harmony in Arab Speeches and Commandments). The first chapter has paid much attention to study a syllable and importance of an acoustic harmony in forming an acoustic syllabic texture, which is under the title (Acoustic Harmony in Arab Speeches and Commandments). It consists of three sections, preceded by a preface stating ( syllable, its types, its characteristics). The first section is devoted to the study of assigning the correct verbs to pronouns, while the second deals with rebalancing an acoustic texture, and the third shows disapproval of succession of proverbs in the Arabic structures.The second chapter has discussed the harmony in neighboring sounds in context, which includes three sections. In the first section, there's a study on the diphthong phenomenon, in the second typicality, and in the third section a paradox phenomenon has been elaborated on. While the third chapter has paid much attention to study the phenomenon of vowel letter change and exchange. The fourth chapter goes on discussing an acoustic harmony in rhythmic phenomena in Arab speeches and commandments, containing three sections. The first section discloses repetition, while the second is on acoustic harmony, and the third focuses on an acoustic aesthetic assonance.The study has come with the following results : • This study is the first of its type in the field of Arab Speeches and Commandments in the Pre - Islamic era.• The speeches and commandments are considered the most important means of influence and persuasion on a recipients.• The study disclosed the influence of an acoustic harmony on sound syllables in Arab speeches and commandments.• Diphthonging seeks to achieve an acoustic harmony among neighboring sounds in the context in Arab speeches and commandments.• The study showed how Pre - Islamic speaker sought to create consistency and harmony among different sounds in the context.• The study disclosed that the acoustic repetition in Arab speeches and commandments is clear phenomenon, which was achieved through a number of levels, once through repeating a sound or word or a syllable. • The study disclosed that assonance of different types is a prominent sign in Arab speeches and commandments

خطاب الوعظ في نهج البلاغة : دراسة في لسانيات النص == Preaching Discourse in Nahaj Al - Balagha : An Analytical Study from the perspective of Text Grammar

اسم المؤلف: علاوي ريسان كاطع العسكري

اسم المشرف: نوري حساني علوان الكاظمي

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The latest appearance of methods of researches associated with text grammar and analysis of discourse in 1960c caused an important change in the way of linguistic studies represented by a transfer from text to discourse as a complete unit. This direction attracts the attention of many researchers, some of them tried to find its origin and other tried to apply the foundation of this method on texts.As attempt to mix the heritage with modernity and to search heritage by new methods, we found the importance of applying this method on texts from heritage. Since Imam Ali' speech is described as lower than Allah' speech and higher than creatures' speech, I found that there are many reasons that attract me to have such a travel. Discourse has different forms and purposes, this thing led us to choose ''Preaching Discourse in Nahaj Al - Balagh : An Analytical study from the Perspective of Text Grammar''. Discourse is both spoken and written. Since discourse exists in letters and trusteeships, we decided that the title of the dissertation should be about discourse. This study consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The introduction is divided into three parts, the first part is an illustration of text and discourse, the second part includes an explanation of method of text grammar, its history and its well - known theorists and the third part is devoted to show types of discourse in Nahaj Al - Balagh, definitions of preaching discourse, the nature of discourse and its subjects according to Imam Ali. The four chapters are : Chapter One is divided into two parts, the first part describes lexical alloying and the second part illustrates grammatical alloying. Chapter Two is also divided into two parts, the first part is about denotative relationships, the structure of a text and the arrangement of the actions of discourse. Chapter Three is divided into three parts, the first part is about purposeful criterions which is associated with the producer of the text, the second part is about the acceptability of text which is connected with the recipient of the text and the third part medially. Chapter Four shows the criterions which are outside of the text. At the end of this study, some conclusions are arrived at. This study is descriptive and analytical. I begin with describing phenomena and then analyze these phenomena by using scientific ways and means

تقديم الشخصية في السير الشعبية العربية == Introducing Character in Arabic Folkloric Biography

اسم المؤلف: رغد عبد النبي شنين

اسم المشرف: سعيد عبد الهادي المرهج

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: We mean, when we mention a folk biography, that its popularity belongs only to the people and the people heritage, customs and traditions, this biographies are alike in between all folks, having the same plot which sometimes belongs, (popular biography), to the public tales , and this belonging is what makes them form far from of the higher cultures which were totally deal with high class people ,that led to carless with these tales and their description and writing. The folk biography include a number of long narrative works with similar artistic features and similar artistic objectives, as being an independent storytelling art, with its own artistic rules which are adopted by the most complete biographies and also, those biographies were written before the accruing of the higher artistic forms, and before it has all the clear features of the artistic folk biography.We have chosen, in our study of the folk biography, an important element of narration which is “the character” that may be the most important between these elements as it is develops the narrative event and contribute in its rise to an end in a time and a place determined by the producer of the text, and the critics have talked enough about the character, but they did not come up with a clear identification for it, the reasons may due to their perceptions of it, which is based mainly on qualities, also, on deference of reference systems which the concepts have derived their existence from, of which secures purpose of these reference systems. The references of those who are specialized in psychology are different from the reference of the Theology, Genetics and Sociology, and thereupon the concepts are different. .The limitations, that we can use for exploring the personal presentation techniques, are a number of artistic narrative methods which the novelist relies on to reveal the curtain from his characters before the reader and we will examine those methods in order to know the methods of characters presentation, we shall that especially in the folk biographies. My study is distributed between three chapters, and preceded by an introduction named(Folk Biography) and the Techniques of Characters Presentation), where I talked briefly about the folk biography concept and characters presentation techniques in the narrative, the first chapter was on character models in the Arabic folk biographies, and it included three sections, in the first one, I talked about the protagonist, the co - protagonist and the antagonist, whether in the second named (Secondary Characters), I talked about historical characters , wonder characters and realistic characters The second chapter was titled (The Presentation of the Character) and by using (Informing Presentation), and it comes in three suctions, the first one is titled (Description of the Feature) and (External Shape) , the second was titled (Naming Building and its symbolism) and the third was titled (Description of the inner worlds of the character) The third chapter was titled (Characters Presentation by using the Description (Appearing Presentation) which comes in three sections, the first was titled (The outer dialogue) , the second was (The inner dialogue), and the third was (The poetry dialogue).My work has faced a lot of obstacles which was difficulties like finding folk biographies copies and their study references which are existed in other countries other than Iraq, so I had to travel for them, also, the biographies was long and have a big number of characters and stories, as they represent an old era, and I had more problems like languages of these biographies as they were written in between the formal and street languages, ex : Bedouin, Syrian and Egyptian, that contain difficult Phrases to be understand, specially it represent an old era which contains a lot of grammatical and literal mistakes, and requires, for the purpose of scientific trust, quoting them from the biographies as the same as they are, after that, and for that reason I had to put my comments of correction, all that took a lot of my time and efforts but, by the help of Allah, my supervisor assistance and other teachers, I managed to accomplish what I think its suitable with the level I have reached in my study, and honors my university name

الاحتجاج الصرفي عند شراح الشافية في القرن الثامن الهجري == Morphological Evidence According To Al - Shafiya's Interpreters In The Eighth Hijri Century

اسم المؤلف: باسم محمد عيادة الحلفي

اسم المشرف: ليث داود سلمان

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The researcher may be tired and aware of his transfer from a chapter or a subject to another or from a science to another, but all this disappears when he gets the results of the study. When the result is the fruit of his labor and long efforts, his transition is nothing but comfort and pleasure. Of the most important findings of the study are as follows : - The evidence is a mental behavior to which a person is entitled in matters that deprive him of proving or denying it by means of various mental evidence based on general principles and rules that cannot be proven or denied. - The study proves that the evidence proves the speech of the author of his honesty, such as the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet (peace be upon him) and the words of the Arabs before his mission, in his time, and beyond. - It confirms that the witness and citation are no different from the evidence in terms of concept, both are linguistic evidence used by the grammarians to either confirm or deny. Therefore, between the evidence and the citation in general and specific due to the fact that they are equal in meaning and use, both are equal in that they prove the validity of the rule and opinion. However, the study proves that this general referred to as not being launched, there is another view is that the evidence is more than the citation because it is mind and transport either citation is only by transformation. - What has been proven in the study is that there are some terms that are very close to the two terms of evidence and citation : representation, ideals and examples. - What the study confirms is the use of large - scale the term evidence by the ancient scientists, but they expressed it in different words like cited, proving citation, and argument, and many more. - The study shows that there are many bases that are supported in the evidence by scientists that can be referred to as sources of evidence, which are generally transient and mental. The first, such as the Quran, Hadith of the prophet, and his evidence, and poetry and prose of the Arabs, proverbs and dialects. The second deals with analogy and morphology. There is a third type that does not include them, and this is what we call the other evidence. - What we have reached in our results is that the interpreters did not get out of the circles of the temporal and spatial evidence. They cited with the rules established and ruled by the grammarians in which they may be invoked, and the tribes did not depart from the tribes in which the eloquence and the statement from which the evidence is taken.

القصيدة الاعلامية في الشعر العراقي المعاصر منذ عام 2003 الى 2017م == Informative poem at Contemporary Iraqi Poetry Since2003 to 2017

اسم المؤلف: باسم حساب راشد العبادي

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: الادب

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The reader of the contemporary Iraqi poetic works after the year (2003) and in the framework of poetic literature finds the emergence of poetic texts within the context of the media investing aesthetic through transmission to a means or a publicity holder, or news of what is outside the text in the basic degree ... This led to a decline in aesthetic value Within its teleological dimension in front of the topics arising from the conflict of ideological and ideological differences of the Iraqi society and the result of the new reality of cultural openness. This is justified by the adoption of poets in the construction of texts on the elements of popular attraction : objectivity, such as politics, religion, faith, doctrine and important events, and artistic with visual, musical, visual, inspirational, direct, and spontaneous, motivational, emotional, etc. to achieve propaganda, The political ... Through this, the idea of (the media poem in contemporary Iraqi poetry since 2003) was the subject of study ... What distinguishes our study is its comprehensiveness of the manifestations of the thematic issues in a period of time has not studied any study in this area, the era after 2003, which dealt with the poetic output until the end of 2017 as this period of the product is rich in conflicts and media issues ... As for the methodology of the research, the researcher adopted a descriptive and analytical approach based on monitoring the most important subjects in which the poets participated and then analyzing the texts to uncover the most important means of popular and artistic mass appeal adopted by the poets as informational marketers. The nature of the study imposed the paths of the work and was divided into three chapters preceded by a preliminary and followed by a conclusion and a list of sources and references. The introduction under the title (Political, Social and Cultural Changes in Iraq after 2003 was a brief reading). The first chapter came within the title of the media poem term and roots. It included three topics. The first topic was entitled (The media poem is a reading of the term). The title of the second subject (roots of the media poem in the Arabic poetry from the ignorance to the Abbasid period) Poeticism of the 20th century media poem) The second chapter was entitled "The manifestations of politics, the homeland, the society in the media poem" and included three topics : the first topic (the political poem), the second section is its title (homeland in the media poem) The third chapter entitled "The features of the active scene in the media poem" came in the first section entitled (religion in the media poem .. manifestations and multiple visions). The second topic was titled (manifestations of the interaction of the event in the media poem) The title of the third section (Other manifestations in the poem Media). The chapters were concluded with a conclusion that dealt with the most important findings of the researcher in this study.

التناص في كتاب العقد الفريد لابن عبد ربه 328 هـ

اسم المؤلف: مها هلال محمد ال احمادي

اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن فرهود جساس | كاظم فاخر حاجم الخفاجي

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2018

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية الاداب - قسم اللغة العربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: ذي قار

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يعد كتاب العقد الفريد من الكتب التراثية ، التي تحمل كثيرا من القضايا المخباة في طياته ، التي تتناغم مع ما موجود اليوم في الساحة الادبية والنقدية ؛ مما جعله مدعاة الى الخوض في غماره ، ومحاولة استجلاب عدة التناص النقدية ، واخضاع عينات العقد الفريد ، الاخبارية المتنوعة والمختلفة الى تلك العدة ، ورؤية مدى التوافق الحاصل بين نظرية اليوم ، متمثلة بالتناص ، ورؤية الامس ، متمثلة باشارات تناصية مختلفة ، وكيفية تعامل اللسان العربي معها ، كل ذلك سنجده ماثلا في العنوان الموسوم بـ (التناص في كتاب العقد الفريد لابن عبد ربه ت 328 ه) . وقد قسمت البحث على اربعة فصول ، مسبوقة بمقدمة وتمهيد بعنوان (التناص) ، كان الفصل الاول بعنوان (العقد الفريد) ، شمل ثلاثة مباحث : الاول تناول المؤلف والعقد الفريد ، اما المبحث الثاني فقد ناقش دواعي التاليف والعنونة ، في حين سلط المبحث الثالث ضوءه على المنهج والروافد الفكرية والمرجعيات الادبية للكاتب . يعقبه الفصل الثاني بعنوان (تقنيات التناص) في خمسة مباحث : المبحث الاول بعنوان التناص الاجتراري ، والمبحث الثاني بعنوان التناص الامتصاصي ، اما المبحث الثالث فكان عنوانه التناص الحواري ، يليه المبحث الرابع بعنوان التناص الاستدعائي او تناص المزاوجة في حين يتناول المبحث الخامس التناص الاشاري . يليه الفصل الثالث بعنوان (اشكال التناص) جاء في مبحثين : المبحث الاول : التناص الديني ، والمبحث الثاني : التناص التراثي . ثم الفصل الرابع المعنون بـ (مقاصد الانزياح التناصي) وكان في جانبين : الاول : الجانب النظري تناولت فيه : المقصدية ، والانزياح ، والعلاقة بين المقصدية والانزياح . اما الجانب الثاني تناولت فيه ، مقاصد الانزياح التناصي في اربعة مباحث ، هي : مقاصد سياسية ، ومقاصد انكاتية ، ومقاصد وصفية ، ومقاصد متنوعة . ثم خاتمة تضمنت ابرز نتائج الاطروحة ، وابرز التوصيات المقترحة للدراسات التراثية اللاحقة ، سواء للعقد الفريد ام لغيره من كتب التراث العربي ، ثم قائمة بالمراجع والمصادر التي افاد منها البحث في رحلته ، مرورا بفقرة الملخص باللغة الانكليزية وانتهاء به . اما بالنسبة الى اهم المصادر التي يلجا لها الباحث في بحثه ، فكانت تعاني القلة وصعوبة الاختيار ، بين اسماء متنوعة ، لكن برصيد مستهلك ومكرر ، وهذه النقطة من النقاط الملموسة والمحسوسة ، حتى ان القارئ يجد نفسه امام كتاب واحد ، وليس كتبا متعددة ؛ لتكرار المعلومة ذاتها ؛ ولذلك جاءت تنظيراتي بعيدة نوعا ما ، عما يتلمسه القارئ في اثناء ازدحامات التنظير في الاطاريح الجامعية ؛ لذلك كانت اختياراتي محاطة بنوع من الدقة والتاني ، فضلا عن الايجاز ، الذي معه يجد المتلقي ما يبتغيه دونما اسراف او اطالة . واذا كان من مصدر خدمني وبقي لي رفيقا في اطروحتي ، فهو كتاب العقد الفريد باجزائه التسعة ، محاولة البحث عما يغني الموضوع ويسدد خطواته ويخدم خطته ومباحثه . اما المنهج المتبع في الاطروحة فهو المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ؛ كونه اقرب المناهج النقدية في دراستي البحثية . اذ حاول الباحث تجاوز المالوف في تلك الدراسات قدر الامكان ، والبحث في مجال المسكوت عنه ، في الجوانب التطبيقية للتناص ؛ ولان البحث قد حمل خصيصة للتناص ، ميزته عن سمة التناص الاعتيادي او المتواتر ، ووسمته بسمة الشعرية ، كان لزاما ان نجد طريقا اخر يختلف عن الطريق الذي تبنته الدراسات السابقة ؛ لابراز سمة التناصية في كتاب العقد الفريد وخصوصيتها ، عبر طرح خطة تتناول الجانب المالوف ، ثم محاولة اكمال المسير في تناول جانب اخر ، غير مطروح او متداول في الدراسات التناصية ؛ ولانني امام ابراز شعرية للتناصات الواردة في كتاب العقد الفريد ، تبنيت فكرة المقصدية ومدى ارتباطها وتعالقها مع قضية الوظيفة التناصية ، ومدى فقدان تلك الاخيرة في الدراسات التطبيقية التناصية . وفي الختام اود ان اتقدم بالشكر الجزيل ، لكل من وقف الى جانبي في محنة المرض ، وتساقط الهموم والاحزان ، شكرا لله  اولا واخرا ، ولنبينا محمد ولاهل بيته الكرام الطيبين الغر المنتجبين  ، والشكر للاستاذين المشرفين ، الاستاذ الدكتور عبد الرحمن فرهود جساس ، والاستاذ الدكتور كاظم فاخر حاجم الخفاجي ، على تواصلهما ومتابعتهما لي طوال مدة الدراسة ، فلهما مني اجمل الاماني بالخير والنماء ، والتوفيق والسداد في قابل الايام | This thesis sheds the lights on poetics of Intertextuality in ( Book of Unique decade to Ibn Abd Rabo 328 A.H) . There are a set of questions which need to study them. 1 - The book of unique decade is one of the most important books in old Arabic heritage, and it is in demand for its great importance. 2 - There are multiple intertextual materials. The researcher wants to make them prominent for the reader on the level of techniques , forms and needs. These two reasons made the researcher dedicate most of his time to look for and research in this domain.The researcher classified his thesis into four parts : Introduction and preface under the title " Poetic Forms and Intertextuality" and these parts as follows : Chapter one : This chapter contains three researches : - - The first research is "The author and the unique decade" - - The second research is " The purposes of authorship and rubric - - The third research is " Syllables, intellectual resources and it's reference Chapter two : Techniques of Intertextuality in four different researches which arranged as follows : - - The first research : The alajtarara Intertextuality. - - The second research : Absorption or intake Intertextuality. - - The third research : dialogic Intertextuality - - The fourth research : The recommended or matching research. - - The fifth research : The Intertextuality of Signs. Chapter three : Forms of Intertextuality can be divided into three studies. - - The first research : The religious and holy Intertextuality. - - The second research : The intertextuality with ample examples. - - The third research : The historical Intertextuality. - A - Chapter four : This chapter highlights on the purposes or goals of intertextual displacement and the connected relationship between them. It studies four researches : - - The first research : Political Purposes. - - The second research : Pleasurable Purposes. - - The third research : Descriptive purposes. - - The fourth research : Varied Purposes. In this chapter the researcher concludes all his ideas in four chapters as follows. The researcher wants to convey a very clear reflection or embodiment about the unique book for Abd Raba in 328 A.H. The researcher focuses on the poetics of Intertextuality which are available in author's works. All these works reflect many prominent merits of innovation and aesthetical styles of expressions. Also, the researcher aims to get an idea about how to make a well - formed intertextuality, and how to use them in the study from multiple domains, and we request Allah to achieve that successfully

اسم المؤلف: هدى محمد صالح عناد جبار

اسم المشرف: سعدون احمد علي الربعي

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

دراسات الدكتور شوقي ضيف القرانية في ضوء النقد الحضاري == Studies of Dr. Shawki Daif Quran in the light of Civilization criticism

اسم المؤلف: حاكم فضيل عطيوي

اسم المشرف: هناء جواد عبد السادة العيساوي

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: الادب

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: استجاب الناس بمختلف اقوامهم، وعبر التاريخ لدعوات الرسل، ووقفوا منها مواقف مختلفة، وقرؤوا كلام الله الذي حملوه اليهم وكتبوه، وبدؤوا يتعلمونه، ويفسرونه، ثم ذهبوا فيه من بعد رحيلهم مذاهب شتى، فكانت استجاباتهم عرضة للاختلاف، والتعدد، وان كان ذلك بين الدين الواحد، فدفعتهم ضرورة التفاهم الى الحوار، والقبول بالوساطة؛ حينما ادركوا اختلاف فهمهم وتعدده، وربما حل محله الصراع، والصدام، والاقتتال، وبدافع المساءلة لدراساتهم الدينية، جاءت اهمية هذا الموضوع الذي يقدم نقدا حضاريا لدراسات احد الجامعيين العرب من الذين استجابوا لمعالم الحضارة الاسلامية، وابوياتها المعاصرة، فتمحورت حول القران الكريم، وما دارت عليه من خصومة بين الباحثين المسلمين، والمستشرقين، وما بين هؤلاء وهؤلاء من اختلافات حضارية، وموجهات مذهبية متعددة، فاختص الموضوع بدراسات الدكتور شوقي ضيف القرانية الذي امضى قسطا غير قليل من حياته في التاليف الادبي، والنحوي، فشمل دراسات مختلفة، ابرزها : الفن ومذاهبه في الشعر العربي، والفن ومذاهبه في النثر العربي، وكذلك موسوعته في تاريخ الادب العربي على اجزاء، وايضا في تيسير النحو العربي بعدد من الكتب، وتحقيق التراث العربي بعدد من الكتب، ثم قدم عددا من الدراسات القرانية ضمتها بعض كتبه، وهي : تحقيق "كتاب السبعة في القراءات لابن مجاهد" في عام (1967)، وتاليف "سورة الرحمن وسور قصار - عرض ودراسة" في عام (1971)، و" الوجيز في تفسير القران الكريم" في عام (1993)، و"عالمية الاسلام" في عام (1996) ، و"الحضارة الاسلامية من القران والسنة" في عام (1997)، و"محمد خاتم المرسلين" في عام (2000)، و"القسم في القران الكريم"في عام (2001) ، و"معجزات القران" في عام (2002)، ويمكن عد كتابه "تاريخ الادب العربي - العصر الاسلامي" في عام (1964) من الكتب المهمة في هذا المجال ايضا، فتضمنت هذه الكتب دراسات قرانية ذات استجابات ابوية حضارية يمكن دراستها نقديا؛ لذلك صار عنوان البحث "دراسات الدكتور شوقي ضيف القرانية في ضوء النقد الحضاري"؛ فكان التعامل معه هنا على انه كاتب ذو استجابة ابوية حضارية، ومن باب الوساطة النقدية الحضارية كانت ضرورة النقد الحضاري لاستجابته التي دعته الى احياء المكتوب الاسلامي، واصلاح المقروء الاستشراقي ؛ مما سيتضح اكثره في الفصل الاول المعنون بـ "النقد الحضاري، واضاءة تطبيقية "؛ الذي ضم اولا : مرجعيات النقد الحضاري، وهي المرجعية التاريخية، والمرجعية الفلسفية، والمرجعية الاخلاقية، وثانيا : مفهوم النقد الحضاري للبنية الابوية، وثالثا : المقدمات الابوية للدكتور شوقي ضيف، وهي : المقدمة المذهبية ، والمقدمة القومية ، والمقدمة الاحيائية، اما الفصل الثاني، فعنوانه : دراساته في علوم القران، وقد ضم توطئة اصطلاحية ، وعددا من الدراسات عالج شوقي ضيف في كل منها قضية من قضايا علوم القران، وهي التدوين، والترتيب، والجمع، ورسم المصحف،ونشاة التفسير، والمكي والمدني، والنسخ، والمحكم، والمتشابه، والاعجاز القراني، والقراءات القرانية، وعروبة القران، وكان الفصل الثالث : دراساته في لغة القران، وضم دراسته المعجمية ، ثم دراسته النحوية الذي انقسم على قسمين هما : القسم، والاساليب الاخرى، وان هذا الاجراء في تقسيم البحث اقتضته مادة البحث ومنهجه، وهو يسير مع تفاصيل الكتابة سيرا متسلسلا على وفق متطلبات علمية، وترتيبات منهجية ، ومن الجدير بالذكر هنا انه لم يتعرض لهذا الموضوع احد بدراسة مستقلة لا في العراق، ولا خارجه؛ لذلك حظي هذا الاختيار بالترحيب، والثناء من لدن بعض الاساتذة في الجامعات العراقية وشهادتهم، وقد واجهت اعداد البحث بعض الصعوبات، ابرزها : جلب المؤلفات من خارج العراق، وما تطلبه من وقت وجهد، واخيرا لا يسع الباحث الا تقديم الشكر الجزيل للمشرفة على هذا البحث الاستاذ الدكتورة هناء جواد العيساوي؛ لما قدمته من متابعة موضوعية ، ومشاركة علمية، داعيا الله تعالى لها بدوام العافية ، والتواصل لخدمة الانسانية ، والتوفيق لحسن العاقبة، والحمد لله رب العالمين | The book "The Book of Seven in the Readings of Ibn Mujahid" in 1967, and the composition of "Surat Al - Rahman and Sur - Qasr - Presentation and Study" in 1971, Al - Wajeez in the Interpretation of the Holy Quran in 1993, Islam in 1996, Islamic Civilization of the Qur'an and Sunnah in 1997, Muhammad Khatam of Messengers in 2000, The Quran in 2001, Miracles (2002), and his book "History of Arabic Literature - the Islamic Age" (1964) can be considered an important book in this field as well..Boot entitled to "the concept of cultural criticism, and applied lighting"; which included first : the concept of cultural criticism of patriarchal structure, and secondly : introductions Parental Dr. Shawki guest, namely : Salafi interpretation, and national literature, biome facilitation, and then divided his studies Quranic on two chapters, the first : His studies in Quranic sciences, has been included in preparation idiomatic, and a number of studies Shawki treated guest in each issue of the Koran science issues, namely blogging, combine, drawing the Ottoman, the Mecca and civil, copying, and arbitrator, and of Like, the miracle of the Qur'an, and readings of Quranic, and the Arabism of the Koran , and was the second chapter : his studies in the language of the Corner, included three studies are; his study lexical, and grammatical study, which was divided on two sections : Section, and other . methods, then his rhetoricalIt is worth mentioning here that this subject has not been subjected to any independent study either in Iraq or abroad, so this choice was welcomed. , And praise from some professors in Iraqi universities and their testimony, has faced the preparation of the research some difficulties, most notably : bringing the literature from outside Iraq, and the required time and effort.,It is worth mentioning here that this subject has not been subjected to one independent study, neither in Iraq nor abroad. Therefore, this selection was welcomed and praised by some professors in Iraqi universities and their testimony. The preparation of the research faced some difficulties, And the time and effort required

الخطاب الحائد في العربية : دراسة في ضوء النظرية التداولية == Alha'id Discourse in Arabic A Study in the Light of the Pragmatic Theory

اسم المؤلف: جاسم خيري حيدر الحلفي

اسم المشرف: محسن حسين علي الخفاجي | قيس حمزة فالح الخفاجي

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: هذه الدراسة تتناول نوعا من الخطاب يبدو غامضا في التراث العربي وهو (الخطاب الحائد)، وهو مصطلح اخترته ليدل على ظاهرة (الحيدة) التي جرى وصفها في العربية بانها تدل على الهرب من الجواب ،او الامتناع عن مطابقة الجواب للكلام السابق او الارسالية السابقة، وعلى الرغم من كثرة تداول هذه الظاهرة على مستوى الجدل والمناظرات او على مستوى اللغة العادية او لغة الخطاب اليومي؛ فمن النادر ان نجد التصريح بها فضلا عن دراستها قديما او حديثا، ويتهيا لي انها ظاهرة لم تنفرد بها العربية ،ولكنها اللغة التي وفرت لها كل الاليات الضرورية لاستعمالها بكفاءة. بعد البحث والتقصي ،وجدت ان هذه الظاهرة لم يبحثها العلماء القدماء ،ولا علماء العصر الحديث ،وتبين ان هذه الظاهرة من الغموض والتعقيد والتداخل الذي لا يمكن معه دراستها الا بمنهج يتصف بالفاعلية والمرونة الكافية لازالة هذا الغموض وكشف هذا الالتباس؛ فاخترت المنهج البراغماتي ليصبح عنوان هذه الاطروحة : (الخطاب الحائد في العربية ،دراسة في ضوء النظرية البراغماتية). ان البحث يتكون من تمهيد ،وخمسة فصول ،سبق بمقدمة ونتائج ختامية ؛ التمهيد كان للتعريف باصول ومفاهيم الخطاب الحائد، وقد جاء للتعريف بمفاصل البحث ،ووجود الظاهرة في التراث، ثم الفصل الاول يتناول الخطاب الحائد في ضوء نظرية السياق ،وهو يتكون من مبحثين؛ الاول اختص بتعيين حقل الخطاب الحائد ،والاخر اختص اليات الخطاب، وكان الفصل الثاني لدراسة الاحالة والتاشير في الخطاب الحائد من طريق ثلاثة مباحث ؛الاول لدراسة الاحالة ،والثاني لدراسة المرجعية العائدية ،والثالث لدراسة الاشاريات، اما الفصل الثالث فهو لدراسة الافتراض المسبق والتضمين من خلال مبحثين يتناولهما، والفصل الرابع تناول دراسة افعال الكلام من خلال مبحثين؛ المبحث الاول ناقش تاسيس مفهوم الفعل الكلامي، وناقش الاخر الفعل الكلامي غير المباشر، وجاء الفصل الخامس لدراسة الاستلزام الخطابي من خلال ثلاثة مباحث؛ الاول منها تناول الاستلزام العرفي، والثاني تناول الاستلزام الحواري، بينما كان الثالث لتناول المبادئ الاضافية. كل مبحث من التي ذكرناها يحتوي على مجموعة من المسائل الفرعية ، حاولت انا من خلالها استكمال بحث الظاهرة. | This study deals with a kind of discourse seems uncertain in the Arab heritage which (Alha'id Discourse), a term chosen for demonstrating the phenomenon (Alhaida) which have been described in Arabic as indicating escape from the answer, or to refrain from matching the answer is the former words or previous consignment, and despite the frequent phenomenon trading at the level of controversy and debates or on the normal level of language or the language of everyday speech; it is rare to find the authorization as well as studied ancient or modern, and preparing me it is a phenomenon that was not unique to Arab, but it is the language that gave her all the necessary mechanisms to be used efficiently. After research and investigation, I found that this phenomenon is not considered by ancient scholars, nor modern scholars era, and show that this phenomenon of ambiguity, complexity and interference that cannot be with him studied only approach is characterized by effective and sufficient flexibility to remove this ambiguity revealed this confusion; I chose to approach the pragmatic to become the title of this thesis : (Alha'id Discourse in Arabic, a study in the light of the pragmatic theory). The search consists of a preface, and the five seasons, already an introduction to final results; a preface was the definition of assets and the concepts of Alha'id discourse, and the first chapter deals with Alha'id discourse in light of the context theory, which consists of two sections; the first singled set Alha'id discourse field, and the other specialized discourse mechanisms, and was the second chapter to the study of reference and Deixis in Alha'id discourse by way of three sections; the first to study the reference, and the second to study the Anaphoric reference, and the third to study Deictic, the third chapter is to study the presupposition and entailment through two sections addressed by, the fourth chapter addressed the study of the speech act through two sections; the first section discussed the creation of the concept of speech act, and discussed other indirect speech act, came fifth chapter to the study of implicature through three sections; the first of which addressed conventional implicature, and the second talk about conversational implicature, while the third was to address the additional principles. All of these sections in which we have mentioned on a group of sub - issues have been included, which I tried to complete the search phenomenon.

الاجماع وخرقه في الدرس النحوي == The breaking Grammatial Consensus

اسم المؤلف: علاء حسين خضير ظاهر المنصوري

اسم المشرف: صباح عطيوي عبود الزبيدي

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Out of the grammarians' sayings , it has become clear that the consensus is an argument , which is the same as the consensus in other scientific realm , such as the jurisprudence or the foundationalists or in any other science of the Islamic civilization . It is secondary in relation to the origins of grammatology ; and the one who breaks it is to be considered definitely erroneous and , consequently , his saying is not to be relied on . The researcher has seen that most of the grammarians' sayings which have been disseminated throughout their books suggesting a consensus on certain grammatical judgements , were not far away from the break done by more than one grammarian ; therefore , it is often too hard to claim a consensus on certain grammatical judgements , as they occur in the realm of Al - Mo'rabat or in that of Al - Mebniyat , which approximately represent the whole Arabic grammarian , because there is no doubt , after closely looking into the grammarians ' classifieds, you find someone who has broken this or that consensus. It has become evident that most of those who had broken the consensus , hadn't done so without relying on an evidence but they relied on arguments quoted from poetry or prose they had heard from the Arabs , or on the basis of certain texts taken from the Qur'an or the prophet's sayings , or from the Semitic languages or by measuring in accordance to some other grammatical judgement , to enhance a breaker's doctrine within whose frame the breaking has taken place . In some other cases , a breaker relies on the speaker's intention , or on his own linguistic knowledge and independent opinions , in addition to his own craft as a grammarian . Some grammarians announce the consensus breaker's . But in some other cases , they don't mention his name , making us look for the name in their grammatical books . Some of them may mention the title of the book where the grammarian has broken the consensus , but when we turn to it , we don't find the place where the breaking has occurred , instead we find it in another book of the same author . The grammatical consensus had been broken by the heads of Al - Basriya school and Al - Kufiya school as well ; and by some other ancient grammarians . It has been broken , too , by modernist grammarian figures , as it is affirmed in most issues treated by this thesis

الصورة عند الجيلين الشعريين الستيني والسبعيني في العراق عقدي التشكل == The Poetic Image in Iraqi Poetry of The Sixteenths and The Seventeenths : The Decades of Formation

اسم المؤلف: سامر عبد الكاظم جلاب الجوذري

اسم المشرف: عبد العظيم رهيف السلطاني

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الادب

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The use of the image and the importance of such use in the making of poetry was tackled by many researchers. This study focuses on the employment of the image, as well, in the poetry of the sixteenths and seventeenths where the image manifests its ability to refer to what’s important outside the text.The thesis aims at showing the achievements of the poets in the mentioned decades in terms of the image, its sources and the methods through which the poets form their images. Another aim is to balance between the achievements and works of the two decades in terms of the image and its three dimensions that are mentioned to verify the hypothesis of the difference between the two decades, and consequently examining the accuracy of the predominant view that they are two different decades.Moreover, the modern understanding of the “image” includes its employment as a metaphoric device, or as a group of visual signs artistically displayed on paper. Knowing the importance of the literary device, poets used it heavily, whether sketched with language or designed with lines. To have perfect manifestation of the poets’ interest in this aspect, we focus on the theoretical achievements related to the poetic image of poetry of the two decades.Deciding the identity of poetry of the two decades mentioned is more like finding an identity for the cultural and aesthetic history of that time. Imagery is the essence of poetry which is an art in language different from that written in prose. Thus, studying this device, i.e. imagery, and researching its requirements and function is quite necessary. We adopt a descriptive analysis that takes into account the historical arrangement of the texts samples. While in analyzing the poetic texts (verses) we use the text analysis method where we observe the signs, their relations, and the image formation.The study falls in an introduction and three chapters and a conclusion that summarizes the most important of the results. The introduction sets the definition of a “generation” and the role of a generation. Moreover, Iraqi “generations” are specifically formed by decades, as will be clarified in detail later in the chapter.Chapter One tackles the source of imagery for poets of the two decades, which the researcher considers sufficient to shed light on the nature of imagery. Analyzing the poetry of that time shows important regional and cultural features, and the chapter was ,thus, divided into two sections.Chapter Two deals with formations of the image used intentionally by the poets. It falls into two sections, dealing with the single image and the complex image successively.Chapter Three deals with the significance of the use of image in the two decades of poets analyzed through the context of the poems.This study tries to comprehensively deal with the efforts in the poetic work of the two decades in an important area of research represented by the decade of formation; the artistic and technical decade rather than the historical one. It handles the poets who emerged in the early sixteenth and seventeenths. Those poets whose longing for individuality prompted them to form, through experimentation, a new vision which was partially or completely different from that of those who preceded them.The sample of the study includes poets from the two decades. The poets of the sixteenths are Fadhil Al - Azawi, Sami Mehdi, Hasab Al - Sheik Jaafar, Fawzi Kareem, Hameed Saeed, and Amal Al - Zahawi. While the poets of the seventeenths are Khazel Al - Majidee, Zahir Al - Jizani, Adeeb Kamal al - Din, Kadhim Jihad, Kamal Sabti, Hashim Shafik, Bushrah Al - Bustani, and Sajida Hameed.This study sets about new area of researching, it deals with the early formation of the two decades, identifying the beginning of each decade and paving the way for the researchers to take interest in the comparative studies to manifest the reality of the difference between all the poetic decades. Moreover, the study revises the misconception that a (decade) refers to a literary generation in only ten years. The study shows that a (decade) represents a stage of formation of a new literary generation rather than an end of one. The study emphasizes that the realization of literary generation does not necessarily occur at the end of one. The concept of a poetic work can develop continually through the historical ages and the next decades. Hence, the element of time and its role is intentionally employed in this study as it has a great influence on motivating the poetic development.Though I do my best in handling the topic, perfection is impossible, and I hope that I was able to precisely cover the whole topic and give answers for the main questions of the study and its hypotheses.The researcher would like to thank his supervisor Prof. Abdul Adheem Raheef Alsultani for his countless efforts to help and supervise. I can not find the words of thanking that suit his esteemed status. He was so generous in lending the researcher the chance to discuss and defend his point of view when he was ready to do. May God give him success to be a master, a father, and a prosperous figure in the science of the Arabic Language. I hope him the long and healthy life. His great efforts are the reason the research came out as it is today.

الصمت فــي القران الكريم == Silence in the Qur'an

اسم المؤلف: Mahdi Abdul Amir tempted Alktrani

اسم المشرف: عباس محمد رضا حسن البياتي

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الادب

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: He studied the Koran objective and technical studies and many rhetorical, and the major themes and topics and the overall junior and detailed and textured and similar and other topics which are innumerable.The silence is part of these topics, and penetrates deep down, this means that talk of silence is to talk about important aspects of the book described a spokesman for the right of, and did not Koranic studies were represented in theses or others have dealt with this aspect of research and Signifying by according a literary approach and the vision of the Koran, and did not turn to him as a spectacle - silence - combines integrated scattered on the subject of study and academic research until Almighty God inspired him to consider, and search, and the stand has in his hands to see genders and secrets.Silence is the language has its own expressive on the level of literature and art in all genders, Silence is not merely tolerated or putting it off as that comes to the mind of some, or is the absence of impact or influential, but it is the presence of a conscious high language, and has a function tag and semiotic in the text, Hesitation and silence for two seconds before the word Yes, makes it stronger than it is without it.This thesis has been under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Abbas al - Bayati, who was supervised by her people and giving them too much time and effort bumper, in the Department of Arabic Language in the College of Education and Human Sciences at the University of Babylon.The plan, which went out in search has been split to pave and three chapters and a conclusion. .Boot on the rooting of the concept of silence included by reference to language books and dictionaries, rhetoric, literature, theater, novels, philosophy, and then exit the definition of idiomatic procedural, adopted by the researcher and the study constructing chapters. . In the first chapter split talk at the entrance and three sections, eating entrance silence its true sense is known, and divide it into silence involuntary ensure its first section, and the silence of involuntary ensure its second section, and spoke the third section about the silence of the silent picture painted by the Koran world and the Hereafter scenes.The second chapter is divided at the entrance and three sections also, eating talk about the flesh silent and its importance, functions and subscription tandem in word and movement language of the entrance, and arbitrary signifier and the signified in acoustic and silent language, and in the first part dealt with the implications of head movement silent, face, eye, and the second section talked about the hand and their implications, and the third section talked about the body and do sitting and implications. .The third chapter to talk about the language of silence inside, and split at the entrance of the three sections, the first section for brevity and deletions occur, and the second section of silence for the narrative, and the third section for semantic silence.Came Conclusion to talk about the most important outcome of the research.Finally, I ask God Almighty Aziz to guide our steps and to help us to please Him and his service, and to make this work purely