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تشخيص وتوصيف جراثيم الاشريشيا القولونية والمكورات العنقودية الذهبية ذات الاحتمالية المرضية المعزولة من الحليب الخام للابل والجاموس بالطرق الاعتيادية والجزيئية == Identification And Molecular Characterization of Potential Pathogenic Staphylococcus Aureus And Escherchia Coli Isolated From She - Camel And Buffalo Raw Milk

اسم المؤلف: اسراء تلفان عناد
اسم المشرف: باسل عبد الزهرة عباس | بسام ياسين خضير
الموضوع العام: الطب البيطري
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - التقنية الحيوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الطب البيطري - قسم الاحياء المجهرية والطفيليات البيطرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم جمع 430 عينة ,215 عينة من حليب الجمال الخام جمعت من مناطق مختلفه من محافظة البصرة ومحافظات بالمنطقة الجنوبية للعراق و215عينة من حليب الجاموس الخام جمعت من مناطق مختلفة من محافظة البصرة خلال فترة ثمانية اشهر(اب 2012 - اذار 2013) حيث تم جمع الحليب يدويا | During a period of eight months (August 2012 to March 2013), a total of 430 samples were collected from 215 camel milk samples, 215 buffalo milk samples from different regions in Basrah city and other cites in southern area in Iraq. All specimens were screened for the presence of E. coli and S.aureus by cultured on MAC, EMB and MS agar media.A total of 51 (11.8 %) of suspected E. coli isolates were obtained; 23 (10.6%) from camel milk samples and 28 (13.0%) from buffalo milk samples. The study showed higher occurrence of E. coli in buffalo milk samples than camel milk samples. All suspected E. coli isolates were tested with Api 20 and 35(68.6%) were confirmed as E. coli. Staphylococcus aureus were also isolated as suspected staph, A total of 39 (9.06) were obtained; 17 (7.9) from camel milk samples and 22 (10.2) from buffalo milk samples. The study showed higher occurrence of S.aureus in buffalo milk samples followed by camel milk samples. After test the suspected staph with api test appear 27 (69.2) were confirmed as S.aureus.All the isolates of E.coli and S. aureus were tested to at least 12 antibiotics to which they were subjected. All the isolated bacteria (100%) of E. coli isolates were susceptible to gentamycin,imipenem and amikacin but resistant (100%) to amoxicillin, trimethoprim, azithromycin ,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, cefixime and cefoxitin. Some of them (50%) were resistance to nalidixic acid. Three isolates 75% were resistance to tetracycline whereas 75% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. Intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin ,nalidaxic acid , nitrofurantoin and tetracyclin was observed among 25% of the E. coli isolates whereas 25% showed resistance to nalidixic acid. Therefore, all these isolates were considered to be multidrug resistant.E. coli were further examined by PCR technique using two pairs of primers to amplify both itsf and pai genes. The results revealed that all (85.7%) of the isolates were positive for itsf gene, 57.1% of isolates yielded amplification products with Pai - PCR gene. Staph aureus examined to presence of mecA gene by technique using pairs of primers and it was found that 51.8% of strain contain that gene. Clustalw multiple sequence alignment of icd gene of E.coli and arcC gene of S.aureus isolates and three previously reported E.coli and S.aureus was done.

دراسة تاثير مستخلص الشاي الاخضر مقارنة بالانسولين على بعض الصفات الفسلجية والتعبير الجيني في الارانب المستحدثة تجريبيا بالسكري == Study The Effect of Green Tea Extract As Compared With Insulin On Some Physiological Parameters And Gene Expression In Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rabbits

اسم المؤلف: ماهر مهدي صالح العارضي
اسم المشرف: حيدر عبد الكاظم نغيش الزاملي
الموضوع العام: الطب البيطري
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية الطب البيطري
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسه الحاليه لتحديد التاثيرات المحتملة للمستخلص المائي للشاي الاخضر200 ملغم / كغم في اناث الارانب المستحدث فيها السكري تجريبيا. استخدام 35 انثى ارنب بالغة من النوع المحلي تراوحت اعمارها 6 - 10 اشهر معدل اوزانها 1 - 1،5 كغم. قسمت الى خمسة مجاميع مت | The present study aimed to determine the effect of aqueous extract of green tea (200 mg / kg B.W) in experimentally induced diabetic female rabbits.Thirty five female rabbits with arange age of 6 - 10 months and 1 - 1.5 kg weight were used.They are divided into five equal groups.The first group used as negative control (C),The diabetes melltitus (DM) was induced in T1,T2 and T3 by injection of single dose of alloxan 100 mg /kg B.W in marginal ear vein , The T1 assigned as positive control. The T2 treated with 200 mg / kg B.W of aqueous extract of green tea for 8 weeks.The T3 treated with 3 IU/ SC of insulin for 8 weeks while the T4 was given 200 mg / kg B.W of aqueous extract of green tea alone for 8 weeks. After 5 days of diabetes mellitus induction the blood samples were taken from the same vein, the rabbits which have blood glucose more than 200 mg / dl blood consider as diabetic. At the end of the experiment blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture and the blood serum was separated by Centrifuge to measure glucose , albumin, total protein ,liver enzymes and lipid profile and histological sections for pancrease,liver and kidney were done. the Real - time PCR was done to measure the gene expression of (Ins 1) and (Ins 2) which are responsible for insulin hormone production.the results were revealed that there is significant ( p <0.05) decrease in glucose,Low density lipoprotein,very Low density lipoprotein , Triglyceride , Total cholesterol , Alkaline phosphatase , Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine transaminase and significant increase (p <0.05) in Highy density lipoprotein , albumin and total protein in T2 group compared with T1, there is non significant differences in these parameters with T3 group , also there is significant decrease in ( p < 0.05) in Low density lipoprotein,Very Low density lipoprotein , Triglycerid , Total cholesterol and significant increase ( p < 0.05) in Highy density lipoprotein in T4 group compared with all groups. The gene expression results revealed that there is significant ( p < 0.05) increase in Ins 1 and Ins 2 gene expression in T2 compared with T1.The histological study of T1 was explain that there is severe congestion in pancrease with necrosis and absent of islets of langerhans while in the liver there is congestion with large thrombus in central vein with hepatic necrosis. In the kidney there is thrombus and congestion in renal tissue and destruction in renal tubules. While in T2 most damage caused by alloxan was disappeared through regeneration of cells of studied organs

احتمالية حدوث العيوب في عاج الجذر نتيجة لاستخدام انظمة مختلفة من مبارد النيكل تيتانيوم == The Incidence of dentinal root defects caused by different Nickel Titanium instruments

اسم المؤلف: نور الدين علي سعيد
اسم المشرف: ايمان محمد الزقة
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: معالجة الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد الاعداد الميكانيكي الاحيائي لقنوات الجذر احد الخطوات الرئيسية لتحقيق حشوة جذر ناجحة بسبب امكانية ازالة الاجسام البكتيرية والحطام المتراكم وتسهيل وضع حشوة الجذر داخل القنوات. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو لملاحظة ومقارنة احتمالية حدوث العيوب في عاج الجذر نتي | Vertical root fracture and crack formation can be seen in root dentin during and after endodontic procedures. Vertical root fracture is one of the most frustrating complications of root canal treatment, which often results in tooth extraction. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different Nickel Titanium instruments (ProTaper Universal, EndoSequence, ProTaper Next and RECIPROC) on the dentinal wall in term of dentinal defects.Seventy - five straight palatal roots of freshly extracted human maxillary first molars teeth were used in this study, the palatal roots were sectioned at 11 mm from the apex and wrapped with two layers of aluminum foil, then placed in the center of elastic silicon mold. Fifteen roots were left unprepared to serve as a negative control group, the remaining 60 roots were divided into 4 groups, each group contained 15 roots : • Group I was prepared by rotary ProTaper Universal system.• Group II was prepared by rotary EndoSequence system.• Group III was prepared by rotary ProTaper Next system.• Group IV was prepared by reciprocating RECIPROC system.All canals were prepared to MAF # 40. After each file size of the (rotary files) or after three pecking motion of the (reciprocating files), the file was removed from the canal and the canal was irrigated with 1 ml of 2% of sodium hypochlorite. All files were cleaned periodically to prevent clogging of flutes during instrumentation. The canal remained patent by insertion size 15 K - file.When the instrumentation was completed, the roots were then embedded in a clear acrylic resin blocks and each root was sectioned into three levels : apical, middle and coronal. All samples were examined from coronal direction under Stereomicroscope. The number and the type of dentinal defects were recorded and classified. The collected data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using chi - square test.The EndoSequence group showed the lowest number of dentinal defects followed by ProTaper Next group and then ProTaper Universal group. The highest number of dentinal defects were observed in RECIPROC group. Chi - square test showed that there were highly significant differences among groups (P < 0.01). The results showed a non - significant difference between EndoSequence and Protaper Next group (p > 0.05), and a significant difference with ProTaper Universal group (P < 0.05) and a highly significant difference with RECIPROC group (P < 0.01). The ProTaper Next group showed a significant difference with ProTaper Universal group and a highly significant difference with RECIPROC groups. There was no significant difference between RECIPROC and ProTaper Universal groups.

انسلاخ المبيضات اللعابي المقاس بواسطة تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسل الكمي اللحظي كاداة تنبؤ لحصول التهاب المبيضات الفموي عند مرضى الربو المتعاطين لدواء بيكلوميتازون المستنشق == Salivary Candidal Shed Measured By Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction As A Predictor of Oral Candidiasis In Asthmatic Patients On Inhaled Beclomethasone Dp Therapy

اسم المؤلف: نغم قطران رحيم
اسم المشرف: رعد محي الدين حلمي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الربو القصبي المزمن يمثل مشكله صحيه جديه في كل العالم وهو عادة يبدا في عمر الطفوله ويبقى المريض في كثير من الاحيان يتعاطى العلاجات المستنشقه مدى الحياة.انتشار الربو القصبي يزداد في كثير من دول العالم مما يجعله احد الامراض المعيقه والمهدده للحياة باعتبا | Asthma is a serious global health problem that usually starts in childhood and continues along patient’s life and most of them have to take inhaled therapy lifelong. The prevalence of asthma is rising in many countries of the world, making asthma one of the most disabling and life threatening diseases effecting patients with different age groups and social classes with variable clinical spectrums and outcomes starting from mild to severe disabling syndrome rendering nonproductive individuals to severe life threatening and sometimes fatal disease. Those patients continue inhaled steroid therapy for long duration, considered by GINA as first line treatment , however such a treatment is associated with local adverse effects on oral tissues, and one of the main concerns is the development of oral candidiasis, a chronic, potentially invasive, infection of oral tissues with fungus candida species resulting in failure of treatment. The scientific interests about such a serious complication have been raised over the past years and debates continued as the candida is considered one of the normal flora of the oral cavity in most of healthy population, however oral candidiasis in pathogenic forms still occur in immunocompromised patients including asthmatics on inhaled corticosteroid therapy.Aim of the study1. To investigate the effect of inhaled corticosteroid therapy in form of Beclomethasone Dipropionate250 microgram/dose CFC free in asthmatic patients on salivary candidal shed estimating by Real Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT qPCR) applied on direct unstimulated saliva samples.2. Evaluation of this shed as prediction of occurrence of oral candidiasis. Patients, Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted at Al Zahraa consultational Asthma and Allergy center - Baghdad Al Karkh Health Directorate from September 2013 to February 2014.The included patients were divided into 3 groups. Group A included asthmatic patients on inhaled Beclomethasone therapy, group B included asthmatic patients that never used any form of inhaled steroid therapy and group C was those asthmatic patients on inhaled Beclomethasone therapy who developed oral candidiasis. All patients were receiving two daily doses. The same exclusion forma was applied to choose Group D who were control healthy individuals. Each included patients and control cases were instructed to give saliva samples in the standard way and samples taken for estimation of candidal count by real time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results During the study period, 698 patients were examined, however only 63 patients were included in the study. Those 63 were classified as follows : 28 patients were found on group, 28 were found on group B and only 7 patients were found on group C and 20 cases were selected in group D as a control.Group C patients were having the highest salivary candidal shed (mean=58.7x106 cn/ml) and longest duration of asthma (Mean=2718 days) and longest duration of Beclomethasone therapy (Mean=2224 days) and this was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05).Group A patients were having the second highest rank after group C in regard of salivary candidal shed and both duration of asthma and Beclomethasone therapy. Inside each group, duration of asthma and duration of Beclomethasone therapy were associated with moderate positive correlation with salivary candidal shed (R>0.5).Age difference between groups were insignificant and age factor had no correlation with salivary candidal shed inside the groups.Discussion : Salivary candidal shed over the groups was directly related to the duration of inhaled Beclomethasone therapy and duration of asthma. They are significantly higher (p<0.01) as we go further from each group to the next, both appear as the reason behind increased candidal shed in groups A and C.The salivary candidal shed curve will gave us a very useful tool for follow up those patients on inhaled steroid therapy ,In addition , predict the risk of developing oral candidiasis and when to interfere prior to the establishment of Oral Candidiasis state as that we have noticed in the group C, in which it was recommended to stop inhaled steroid therapy and the patients would lose the benefits of the therapy.Conclusions1. Resting saliva samples with realtime quantitative PCR was a rapid and accurate tool in diagnosis of oral candidiasis.2. Salivary Candidal Shed could be used as a tool in predicting oral candidiasis in asthmatic patients on inhaled Beclomethasone therapy.3.Longer duration of asthma and longer duration of Beclomethasone therapy were associated with increased salivary candidal shed and established oral candidiasis have the highest amount of shed.4. Candida albicans are present in the oral cavity of any individual of our population

تقيم التسريب الجزني لمركبات الراتنج للحشوات الخلفية سونك فل مركب مستند على السيلورين ومركب نانوفل مستند على الميتاكرليت في : دراسة مقارنة == Microleakage Evaluation of Sonicfill

اسم المؤلف: مهند احمد الحداد
اسم المشرف: حكمت عبد الرحيم الغراوي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Resin composites have improved greatly since their introduction and are now the materials of choice for most of the restorations. This study was conducted with aim of comparing in vitro the marginal adaptation of three different, low shrink, direct posterior composites Sonic fill™ (nanohybrid composite), Filtek™ P90 (Silorane - based composite) and Filtek™ Z350 (nanofill composite) of a standardized Class V cavity after thermoal cycling. Sixty sound, freshly extracted human premolars were prepared with standardized Class V cavities. The specimens were divided into three groups of twenty teeth each according to the material used : Group A : The teeth were restored with Sonic fill™ posterior composite unidose capsules, Group B : The teeth were restored with a silorane - based posterior composite (FiltekTM P90), Group C : The teeth were restored with nanofill methacrylate - based composite (Filtek™ Z350 XT).After specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days, all specimens were subjected to thermocycling at (5° to 55 °C), then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. For each group microleakage at the occlusal and gingival regions was estimated by determining dye penetration using scoring system under steromicroscope (10X). The statistical analysis of the results showed that, Filtek™ P90 silorane based composite exhibited the lowest mean of microleakage, with statistically highly significant difference (P < 0.01) when compared with Sonicfill™ composite and Filtek™ Z350 XT nanofill composite. On the other hand, the results of this study showed that Sonic fill™ composite exhibited no significant difference (P > 0.05) as compared with Filtek™ Z350 XT nanofill composite. Also, the results in this study showed that there is a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in dye penetration between occlusal and gingival regions for each group

ضبط الحواف ومقاومة الكسر لاغلفة ال Ceramill Sintron المعدنية المصممة والمصنعة بالحاسوب مكسوة بثلاث انواع مختلفة من الخزف == Marginal Discrepancy And Fracture Resistance of CAD\CAM Ceramill Sintron Metal Copings With Different Porcelain Materials

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى نبيل عبد الغني
اسم المشرف: عمار عطا الله علي السعدي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: دقة الحواف والقوة، لاي ترميم معوض للاسنان هي صفة مهمة. ويمكن اعتبارعدم تطابق للحواف او قلة القوة سبب مهم يؤدي الى فشل التعويضات الاصطناعية للاسنان.لذلك تم اجراء هذا البحث لغرض تقييم اختلاف ظبط حافات ومقاومة الكسر لتيجان السيراميك المصنعة من اغلفة الC | Marginal fit and strength are important criteria for any restoration; poor marginal fit and low strength may be considered as a source of prosthesis failure. This study was performed to compare the marginal fit changes and facture resistance of metal ceramic crowns constructed from Ceramill Sintron metal coping veneered with three different porcelain veneering materials (Vita Master Koromikos VMK, Willi Geller Creation CC and GC initial MC). Also evaluating the influence of thermocycling on load at fracture value. The method included the use of master brass die which was milled to represent the prepared maxillary central incisor. Sixty metal copings were milled directly using Ceramill Sintron blank, then divided randomly into three groups. Each group consist of twenty metal copings, then veneered with porcelain : VITA for group A, Creation for group B and GC for group C. The marginal gap was measured before and after porcelain veneering for each group using travelling light microscope, then marginal fit changes was calculated. Fracture resistance test was done by Instron®, the master die was duplicated to sixty analogs then each analog was fixed into acrylic base. After that each crown was cemented onto the corresponding die analog using zinc phosphate cement. Ten samples of each group were subjected to compressive loading to fracture and other ten subjected to thermocycling followed by compressive loading to fracture.The result showed that GC group was highly significant different from other tested groups in marginal fit changes, whereas there was no significant different between VITA and Creation group. While there was significant difference among tested group at (P < 0.01) in fracture resistance, and the effect of thermocycling process did not significantly reduce the load at fracture for all groups.This study concluded that GC group present the least marginal fit changes, while the fracture resistance was highest for VITA group follow by Creation then GC. Thermocycling reduce load at fracture but not significantly.

تقييم صحة الفم والبروتينات اللعابية لدى المرضى المصابين بمرض باركنسن == Assessment of The Oral Health And Saliva Proteins In Patients With Parkinsons Disease

اسم المؤلف: صباح فرحان مشتت
اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | مروان صالح النمر
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder related to the loss or absence of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The deficits caused by PD result in slowness of movement, tremor, rigidity, and dysfunction of behavior and these symptoms negatively influence the patient’s capability to carry out the daily oral hygiene manoeuvres.Aims of study : This study aims at using saliva as a biological fluid for assessment in detecting the biomarkers of Parkinson's disease and to assess the impact of this disease on the oral health of patients.Materials and methods : A total number of fourty participants were involved in the study; twenty subjects who appeared healthy (Group I) and twenty Parkinson's patients (Group II). Patients who are eligible for this study were cases of Parkinson's disease treated with anti - Parkinson's medications, both genders and their ages ranged from 40 - 75 years. Specific information related to the demographic characteristics and illness is obtained from each patient. The Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson’s disease established by United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society was used. Each patient was subjected to oral examination during which DMF index was scored, oral health impact Profile OHIP - 14 was used and from each participant the whole unstimulated saliva was collected for biochemical analysis including total salivary protein, direct determination of saliva proteins and determination of ? - synuclein. Results : many oral and clinical signs and symptoms elsewhere in the body were reported in the patient with Parkinson's disease while the clinical features of Parkinson's disease observed in all patients despite of their treatment. Static tremor observed in 100%, rigidity in 70%, disturbances in the autonomic nervous system reflected on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, orthostatic dizziness observed in 75%, dry mouth in 65% difficulties in swallowing in 40% and constipation in 70%. Teeth examination revealed that Parkinson's patients have a non - significant high means of decay and missing teeth compared with healthy subjects. The total saliva protein in Parkinson's patients is significantly higher than the corresponding value of healthy subjects. The extinction coefficient of uncontaminated protein in Parkinson's patients is significantly less than the corresponding values of healthy subjects and salivary ? - synuclein level is significantly less in Parkinson's patients than healthy subjects.Conclusions : Salivary ? - synuclein may serves as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Specific protein with extinction coefficient 27.5 M.Cm - 1 is secreted in saliva of Parkinson's patients. The characteristic saliva protein produced in patients with Parkinson's disease is deficient in tyrosine level and Dental care is required for both groups (Parkinson's patients and healthy subjects).

الاستريتين الفموي مقابل غلوكونات الزنك عن طريق الفم : دراسة علاجية مقارنة وعبورية في علاج مرض بهجت == Oral Acitretin Versus Oral Zinc Gluconate As A Comparative Cross - Over Therapeutic Study In Treatment of Behcet,S Disease

اسم المؤلف: سناء عبد الحميد حسين
اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | عادل عبد الغفور النعيمي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اساس البحث : مرض بهجت هو اضطراب جهازي حيث ان اسبابه المرضيه ليست محدده جيده.المظاهر الاكثر شيوعا هي الاغشيه المخاطيه الجلديه ولكن يمكن ان يشمل العين, انظمة القلب,الاوعيه الدمويه والجهاز العصبي. هناك العديد من طرائق المعالجه الموضعيه والجهازيه. تمت محاول | Background : Behcet’s disease is a systemic disorder where its etiopathogenesis is not well determined. The commonest manifestations are muccocutaneous but can involve eye, cardiovascular and neurological systems. There are many modalities of therapy topical and systemic.Isotretinion has been tried as an effective therapy of muccocutaneous manifestations. In present work was to try a new retinoid like acitretin which has longer half life than isotretinoin.Aims of the study : To evaluate the effectiveness of oral acitretin versus oral zinc gluconate in the treatment and prophylaxis of Behcet’s disease as a new therapeutic model.Materials and methods : This cross over controlled therapeutic study that conducted in the Department of Dermatology - Baghdad Teaching Hospital the period from August 2013 - May 2014.Twenty patients with fulfilled criteria of Behcets’s disease was included in this work. History and full examination were done for all patients regarding all demo - garaphic points related to the disease. They were given acitretin 25 mg orally once daily for three months to be seen on the day fourteenth firstly and then monthly to be assessed depending on the clinical manifestation index for Behcets disease. After three months, acitretin was stopped and patients were given zinc gluconate 25 mg twice daily for another three months. Results : Twenty patients were treated 12 males (60%), and 8 females (40%), with male to female ratio 1.5 : 1. All these patients completed the study and their ages ranged between 20 - 59 years with mean± SD (37.3±12.3). Pathergy both ordinary and oral were also minimized by this therapy while C - reactive protein was not much effective by this therapy. Zinc gluconate also had the same therapeutic action against these manifestations. Clinical manifestations index before treatment ranged between 1 and 11 with mean ± SD of 5.65±1.98.After acitretin therapy the mean of CMI started to decline to reach 2.65 ±2.03 in first month of the therapy with (p=0.00001) which was statistically high significant and continued high significant till the end of the third month with (p - value > 0.000001). After cessation of acitretin and zinc gluconate started the mean continued to decrease to reach 2.05±2.52 at the end of the first month with (p=<0.000001) which was statistically high significant then; started to increase to reach 3.3 ±2.31 at the end of six month of the therapy but statistically remained high significant (p - value=0.0007). Both acitretin and zinc gluconate have statistically significant effect in reducing severity and frequency of oral ulcers, genital ulcers, skin and rheumatologic manifestations. Conclusions : oral acitretin was found to be an effective therapy in addition to its prophylactic action in treatment of muccocutaneous manifestations of Behcet,s disease. Also zinc gluconate had effective therapeutic action against these features of Behcet’s disease.

تاثــير مستوى الاسترادايول والبروجستيرون في اللعاب على حالة صحة الفم عند النساء اثناء الحمل == Effects of Salivary Level of Estradiol And Progesterone On Oral Health Status In Women During Pregnancy

اسم المؤلف: زينة كامل كاظم
اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الحمل هو حالة فسيولوجية تجلب مجموعة واسعة من التغييرات في حياة المراة، بما في ذلك التعرض لامراض اللثة، ربما بسبب التغيرات الهرمونية المرتبطة مع الحمل. قد تؤثر الهرمونات الجنسية على اغشية الفم واللثة وربما هذا يؤدي الى العديد من الامراض اللثوية. ان هرمونا | Pregnancy is a physiological state that brings a wide range of changes in a woman’s life, including a susceptibility to gingival disease, probably due to hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. These female sex hormones may modify the oral mucosa and may lead to various degrees of gingival inflammation. The hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy may be associated with pregnancy gingivitis and gingival bleeding. Sex hormones are specific regulatory molecules have long been considered to play an influential role on periodontal tissues especially gingiva, bone turnover rate, wound healing and periodontal disease progression. Aims of the study1. Assessment of oral hygiene level and dental status in both second and third trimester pregnant women and compares results.2. Assessment salivary hormonal levels of endogenous female sex steroids in both second and third trimester pregnant women and compares results.3. Comparison of oral health status and endogenous female sex steroids salivary hormonal levels between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of both second and third trimester pregnant women groups.4. Find out the association between the gingival health status and salivary hormonal levels of endogenous female sex steroids (Estradiol and progesterone).Materials and methods This study was carried out on seventy - eight pregnant women who were attended for routine and regular follow up visits in obstetrics and gynecology department at Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, from February 2013 to July 2013. This study was approved by the scientific committee in the department of oral medicine college of dentistry Al - Mustansiriya University. They were divided according to gestational age in to second trimester group and third trimester group. Fifty pregnant women (age range 18 - 38 years) and at gestational age was ranged between (20 - 27 weeks) were recruited as 2nd trimester group and Twenty - eight pregnant women (age range 18 - 39 years) at gestational age ranged between (28 - 33 weeks) were recruited as 3rd trimester group and according to Loe and Silness gingival index these two groups subdivided into gingivitis and non - gingivitis groups. Oral clinical examination including an assessment of gingival inflammation (Loe and Silness Gingival Index), Plaque amount (Silness and Loe Plaque Index), dental status (Decayed Missing Filling Teeth), and salivary flow rate (SFR) had also been done. Samples of whole unstimulated (resting) saliva were collected from all participants then investigated for sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Estradiol, Progesterone. Results and discussion Oral health measurements including : GI, PLI, SFR and DMFT showed no significant difference between 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester groups. Sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Progesterone showed a significant difference with higher mean value in 3rd trimester pregnant women than 2nd trimester pregnant women while sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Estradiol showed no significant difference between two groups. Comparisons between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of 2nd trimester pregnant women group showed that there was highly significant difference in SFR with higher mean value in non - gingivitis group, and there was highly significant difference in PLI with higher mean value in gingivitis group, DMFT showed non - significant difference between the subgroups and (Estradiol and progesterone) salivary hormonal levels showed highly significant difference with higher mean values in gingivitis group. Comparisons between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of 3rd trimester pregnant women group showed that there was a non - significant difference in SFR, DMFT and a highly significant difference in PLI with higher mean value in gingivitis group, while progesterone salivary hormonal levels showed non - significant difference and Estradiol salivary hormonal levels showed a highly significant difference with higher mean value in gingivitis group. Comparison of GI between gingivitis groups of both 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnant women showed that there was a significant difference with higher mean value in 3rd trimester. Estradiol and progesterone salivary hormonal levels were non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis and non - gingivitis group of 2nd trimester pregnant women. Progesterone salivary hormonal level was non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis and non - gingivitis group of 3rd trimester pregnant women while Estradiol salivary hormonal level was non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for non - gingivitis group and significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis group. GI and PLI for gingivitis groups of both 2nd and 3rd trimester revealed that there was a highly significant correlation.Conclusions Female Sex steroids hormones (Estradiol and Progesterone) salivary hormonal levels significantly increase from the second to the third trimester especially Estradiol and Play an important role in influencing gingival inflammation during pregnancy. These hormones are neither necessary nor sufficient to produce gingival changes by themselves. However, they may alter periodontal tissue responses to microbial plaque and thus indirectly contribute to gingivitis. Dental status in pregnant women is not significantly different between 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnant women groups. Women should be offered training in good oral hygiene habits, and community awareness programs should be conducted to increase their awareness of the crucial importance of such habits especially during pregnancy

التاثيرات الدوائية لمادة - كاپا كراجينان - في مهنية طب الاسنان : دراسات داخل وخارج الانبوب == The Pharmacological Effects of Kappa Carrageenan In Dental Practice : An In Vitro And In Vivo Studies

اسم المؤلف: اسيل جاسم علي
اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | مروان صالح النمر
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: كاراجينان هومركب يحتوي على پولي كلايكان الكبريتي وهو مستخلص من الطحلب الاحمر. الكراجين بطبيعته الغروية المائية يمتلك خواص هلامية,مثخنة ومستحلبة تسمح باستخدامه بكثرة في الصناعات الغذائية,مستحضرات الصحة الفموية والكماليات.وبسبب مركباته الحياتية الفعالة فقد

Evaluation of the Involvement of the Tempromandibular Joint in Patients with Osteoarthritis and the Accuracy of Ultrasonography as Compared to Computed tomography for Detection of Osteoarthritic Changes.

اسم المؤلف: احمد عادل عثمان
اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية البحث : اضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي تشير الى مصطلح مركب يحتوي على عدة حالات تتضمن المفصل الصدغي ,التركيبات المحيطة او كلاهما , تظهر على شكل الم في منطقة المفصل والعضلات المرتبطة,وتحدد بالقدرة على الحركة الطبيعية مثل المضغ, الكلام والبلع. مرض التهاب | Tempromandibular joint disorders is a collective term embracing a number of conditions affecting the TMJ, the surrounding structures or both,manifested by pain in the area of joint and associated muscles, and limitation in the ability to make normal movement like mastication,speech and swallowing. Osteoarthritis is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, locking, and sometimes an effusion. A variety of causes—hereditary, developmental, metabolic, and mechanical deficits may initiate processes leading to loss of cartilage. When bone surfaces become less well protected by cartilage, bone may be exposed and damaged. As a result of decreased movement secondary to pain, regional muscles may undergo atrophy, and ligaments may become more lax.Objective of the study : • To determine the extent of tempromandibular joint involvement in patients with osteoarthritis.• To evaluate the correlation between clinical and radiographical findings. • To evaluate the accuracy of sonography in detection of osteoarthritic changes compared to Computed tomography.Materials and method : A comparative study had been done using thirty six symptomatic patients(24 female and 12 male) above 40 years diagnosed as osteoarthritis by specialist rheumatologist in Alkarkh general hospital, with clinical finding related to osteoarthritis like pain,tenderness,crepitation, clicking and limited mouth opening. these patients were exposed to computed tomography(CT) scan (Philips - Brilliance 64) in Al - Karkh general hospital and then the results were compared with sonographic findings (Philips 12.5 MHz transducer) to see the disc displacement, effusion, erosion, flattening, osteolytic and osteophytic lesions in the condylar head.The period of the study started from (october - 2013 to june - 2014).Results : The result of the study showed that the mean age of osteoarthritic patients was (49.69) years, and female percentage (66.7%) and male(33.3%). Chief complaine showed more predilection in the left side (28%) and bilateral showed(56%).Clinically : limitation in mouth opening (50%),crepitation(36.11%), clicking (27.7%), and tenderness (20.8%). Radiographically Computed tomography(CT) scan showed disc displacement (50%), joint effusion (37.5%), flattening(36.11%), osteophyte(18,05%), and erosion(11.1%). There was significant correlation between clicking and joint effusion in computed tomography(CT),while tenderness showed significant correlation with osteophyte and joint effusion in sonography. Other correlations were non significant correlation between clinical and radiological changes. Association between computed tomography(CT) and sonography showed fair agreement in osteophyte detection,fair agreement in joint effusion,moderate agreement in detection of joint erosion,moderate agreement in reduction of space and anterior disc displacement and also moderate agreement in condylar head flattening. Conclusions : Osteoarthritis in tempromandibular joint may be unilateral or bilateral. About 50% of Patients with osteoarthritis have limitation in mouth opening. Clinical findings play a major role in diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The tempromandibular joint changes in osteoarthritis were the results of degenerative processes, in contrast to rheumatoid arthritis were the changes as a result of the disease. Sonography was more likely to be sensitive rather than specific in detection of osteoarthritic changes

حدوث وشدة الالم بعد استخدام ثلاثة انظمة مختلفة لتحضير قنوات الجذور == Incidence And Severity of Pain Following The Usage of Three Different Root Canal Instrumentation Systems

اسم المؤلف: احمد حمد عبيد
اسم المشرف: جمال عزيز مهدي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: معالجة الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Postoperative pain after endodontic procedures is an undesirable occurrence for both patients and clinicians. Certain factors may predispose to the development of postoperative pain. Knowledge of the causes and mechanisms behind interappointment pain in endodontics is of utmost importance for the clinician to properly prevent or manage this undesirable condition. The causative factors of interappointment pain encompass mechanical, chemical, and microbial injuries to the pulp or periradicular tissues, which are induced or exacerbated during root canal treatment. Ninety patients were recruited and included in this study out of one hundred and twenty patients, those patients requiring endodontic treatment on their permanent upper or lower molar teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis preoperatively, access opening and instrumentation was performed at the same visit.Patients ranged in age from 19 to 50 years old, and all were in good health, as determined from a written health history and oral interview.The patients were assigned randomly into three groups of 30 patients each : ? First group (n=30) : Teeth were instrumented using Universal ProTaper System (Full Rotary technique).? Second group (n=30) : Teeth were instrumented using ProTaper Next System (Full Rotary technique).? Third group (n=30) : Teeth were instrumented using WaveOne System (Reciprocating technique).Pain assessment carried out at day 1, 2, 3 & 7 using Verbal Rating Scale (4 - Point Scale). Patients recorded the incidence and severity of pain experienced.Patients were called at 24, 48 and 72 hours to obtain their reports for the first three days. Seven days after treatment their records were reviewed and percussion test was performed. Result showed that all groups induced Post - operative Pain, the difference is some systems cause more Post - Operative pain than other do : group 3 (WaveOne group) showed higher incidence and severity of PostoperativePain, followed by group 1 (Universal ProTaper group) that has shown less incidence and severity of Post - operative Pain than group 3 (WaveOne group), last group which it was group 2 (ProTaper Next group) has shown the lowest incidence and severity of Post - operative Pain. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Chi Square test, total score for Verbal Rating Scale at day 1, 2, 3, and 7 showed that there was a highly significant differences between ProTaper Next group and other twogroups (P ? 0.001), and non - significant differences between ProTaper group and WaveOne group (P ? 0.05).

تقدير الظواهر الفمويه والعوامل المناعيه في اللعاب عند مرضى سرطان الغدد اللمفاويه قبل وبعد العلاج الكيميائي == Assessment of Oral Manifestations And Salivary Immunological Markers In Patients With Lymphoma Before And After Receiving Chemotherapy

اسم المؤلف: محمد حسن عبد الشهید
اسم المشرف: فواز داوود الاسود
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Lymphomas are group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes and caused the characteristics lymphadenopathy.Occasionally, they may spill over into blood or infiltrate organs outside the lymphoid tissue The major subdivision of lymphomas is into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and this is based on the histologicpresence of Reed - Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to determine the percentage of oral manifestations and identify the levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? in lymphoma patients before the treatment and after receiving three cycles of chemotherapy in comparison with healthy control individuals.Subjects, materials and methods : The study included 25 patients( 15 male and 10 female ) with non - Hodgkin's lymphoma (B - cell type), 25 patients( 16 male and 9 female ) with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 25 ( 15 male and 10 female ) healthy control group with no signs and symptoms of any systemic disease and age, sex match with patient groups.Those patients were examined pre and post chemotherapy to see the oral manifestations and compared with healthy control group. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected to determine the level of salivaryimmunological markers which measured by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay.IVResults : The percentage of oral manifestations was taste alteration in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 36% ) and in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 16% ) , followed by burning mouth syndrome ( 20% ) in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and ( 16% ) in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and lastly dry mouth was ( 12% ) in both non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma groups. In the present study there was no oral manifestations in both study groups before starting chemotherapy, and the mentioned oral manifestations incident after receiving chemotherapy regimens. The levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? were significantly higher in pre - treatment patients in comparison with control group, and there was a significant decrease after chemotherapy treatment when compared to their base line levels in both study groups.Conclusions : The most frequent oral manifestations in lymphoma patients was taste alteration followed by burning mouth syndrome and dry mouth , and male patients affected more than females.The salivary immunological markers levels were higher in lymphomapatients than control, then these markers showed obvious decrease in patients after chemotherapy treatment

تاثير مستخلصات الشاي الاخضر على مسببات امراض انسجة الاسنان الرابطة (بكتريا البورفايروموناس اللثوية وبكتريا اجريجاتيباكتر اكتينومايستيمكومتانس) : دراسة مختبرية == Antibacterial Effects of Green Tea Extracts On Periodontal Pathogens (Aggregatibacter Ctinomycetemcomitans And Porphyromonas Gingivalis) (In Vitro Study)

اسم المؤلف: ميس جمال مجيد
اسم المشرف: سيف سهام سليم
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: امراض ما حول الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: المقدمة : الشاي الاخضرهو واحد من المشروبات العلاجية القديمة والشعبية المستهلكة في جميع انحاء العالم، وهو مشتق من ورقة للنبات "كاميليا سينينسيس", يمكن ان يحضر كمشروب، والذي يمكن ان يكون له العديد من الاثار الصحية الشاملة او "مستخلص" يمكن الحصول عليه من الاو | Background : Green Tea is one of the most ancient and popular therapeutic beverages consumed around the world, it is made from the leaf of the plant “Camellia sinensis”. It can be prepared as a drink, which can have many systemic health effects or an “extract” which can be made from the leaves to be used as medicine. Green tea is reported to contain thousands of bioactive ingredients including catechins, catechins found in the tea have shown promise for having antimicrobial effects.Aim of study : to test the effect of green tea extracts on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in comparison to 0.2% chlorohexidine gluconate and distilled water in vitro.Materials and Methods : plaque samples were collected from 20 patients with no signs of any systemic disease suffering from chronic periodontitis with probing pocket depth of at least 6 mm, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were isolated and diagnosed according to morphological characteristic and biochemical test. Green tea leaves were extracted by using water and alcohol. This study involved two experiments in vitro concerning the effects of green tea extracts on these bacteria in addition to analysis of the extracts to determine the concentrations of the catechins in each extract. The first experiments involved testing the sensitivity of A.a and P.g to different concentrations of the extracts in addition to chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and distilled water using agar well diffusion method, the second experiment involved determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts that inhibits the bacterial growth and then determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract that was requires to kill the bacteria. The present study also involved laboratory analysis of green tea extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results : Both green tea extracts were effective in inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using agar well diffusion method, 90% and 100% concentrations of alcoholic extract showed larger inhibition zones than chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with statistically significant difference, CHX showed higher inhibition zones than all aqueous extract concentrations.The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that inhibit Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 60% and it was the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.The MIC of aqueous green tea extract that inhibits Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 70% and MIC of aqueous green tea extract extract that inhibits Porphyromonous gingivalis was 80%.The MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 80%, the MBC of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Porphyromonous gingivalis was 90%, the MBC of aqueous green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 90%, which was also the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.HPLC analysis of aqueous and alcoholic green tea extracts that were used in this study revealed that alcoholic extract contained higher concentration of EGCG while aqueous extract had higher content of catechin and epicatechin.Conclusion : green tea extracts were effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, alcoholic green tea extract showed inhibition ability more than the aqueous green tea extract and more than chlorhexidine gluconate and it showed bactericidal activity at 80%, 90% and 100% concentrations.

الطريقة السريرية للتنبؤ بكثافة العظام السخية في المنطقة الواقعة بين الضاحك الثاني والطاحن الاول في البالغين العراقيين اصحاب الاطباق الطبيعي == Clinical Method For Prediction of Alveolar Bone Mineral Density In The Area Between The 2Nd Premolar And 1St Molar In Iraqi Adults With Class I Occlusion

اسم المؤلف: مها علي حسن الجبوري
اسم المشرف: هديل علي حسين الهاشمي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية طب الاسنان - قسم تقويم الاسنان
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Orthodontic mini - implants are increasingly used in orthodontics and the bone density is a very important factor in stabilization and success of mini - implant.The aim of this study was to observe the relationship among maximum bite force; body mass index; face width, height; masseter muscle length, width and thickness; and bone density in an attempt to predict bone density from these variables to eliminate the need for CT scan which have a hazard on patient.Computed tomographic images were obtained for 70 patients (24 males and 46 females) with age range 18 - 30 years. The cortical and cancellous bone density was measured between maxillary and mandibular 2nd premolar and 1st molar at two levels from the alveolar crest (3 and 6 mm). Face height and width and masseter muscle length, width and thickness were measured from CT. Clinically; Maximum bite force was measured on first molar region unilaterally by a digital device. The sample was divided into two groups according to the body mass index into; normal and overweight.The results that were obtained showed that there were no significant differences in bone density or maximum bite force in both genders. Only the cortical bone density in maxilla in overweight group tended to be higher than normal body mass index group. The face width and height correlated significantly negatively with or maximum bite force which correlated significantly positively with cortical bone density and masseter muscle width.It was concluded that a prediction of cortical bone density of preselected areas can be made from maximum bite force, body mass index and inter - zygomatic width

التقييم النسيجي والميكانيكي للتكامل العظمي لزرعات التتانيوم بعد تحرير تصميم الجزء المسنن من الزراعة او طلائها بمادة بذور الكتان : دراسة تجريبية على الارانب == Histological And Mechanical Evaluation of The Osseointegration of Titanium Implants By The Modification of Thread Design And/Or Coating With Flaxseed (An Experimental Study On Rabbits)

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى هادي جواد
اسم المشرف: عذراء يحيى الحجازي | نبيل كاظم عبد الصاحب
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الانسجة الفموية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Dental implant surface technologies have been evolving rapidly to enhance a more rapid bone formation on their surface and hold a potential to increase the predictability of expedited implant therapy.Numerous surface modification approaches have been developed for all classes of dental implants to modulate biological responses and improve the osseointegration and primary stability. Hence, Implant threads should be designed to maximize the delivery of optimal favorable stresses while minimizing the amount of extreme adverse stresses to the bone implant interface. In addition, using of biomaterial coating of implant surface for the enhancement of bone formation has been achieved through the modulation of osteoblasts adhesion and spreading that induced better stability and more implant surface contact area.The aims of the study are : 1. Evaluation of titanium implant osseointegration by the modification of thread design and I or coating its surface by Flaxseed.2. Evaluate the new surface modification of titanium implant, histologically, mechanically and radiographically.Materials and methods : One hundred and twenty eight commercially pure titanium (CpTi) screws were implanted in rabbit tibiae. Implants were divided as follows : 1. Dual - threaded group (32 implants). 2. Single - threaded coated with grinded flaxseed group (32 implants).3. Single - threaded with central groove (32 implants).4. Single - threaded (control) group (32 implants).Histological, mechanical and radiographical analysis were performed for all implants after each healing periods (2,4,6 and 8) weeks.Results : 1. Dual - threaded implant illustrated the highest mean value in thread width and removal torque, and it showed mature bone at 8 weeks.2. Grooved implant illustrated close opposing threads. 3. Coated implant illustrated highest mean value in osteoblast cell count and showed a proliferating cartilage zone that later on degenerated and replaced by bone.Conclusion : The present results conclude that each modified implants shows a different benefits whether a modification of the implant surface mechanically (dual or grooved thread) or by coating the implants with Flaxseed.

الظهور الكيميائي النسيجي المناعي للاوستيوكالسين، OC عاملا لنمو المحول بيتا واحد TGF - B1 وبروتين الشكل العظمي سبعة BMP - 7 في خلل التنسج الليفي والورم الليفي المعظم في عظام الفك : دراسة مقارنة == Immunohistochemicalexpression of Osteocalcin, Transforming Growth Factor Beta - 1And Bone Morphogenetic Protein - 7 In Fibrous Dysplasia And Ossifying Fibroma of The Jaw Bones Acomparative Study

اسم المؤلف: فرح غسان ابراهیم
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Fibrous Dysplasia & Ossifying Fibroma of the jawsare maxillofacial fibroosseous lesions sharing anoverlapping clinicopathological characteristics. This can be diagnostically challenging for pathologists& surgeons. It is important to make the distinction because of differences in their clinical behavior, modes of treatment and prognosis.Osteocalcin is an immunohistochemicalmarker; secreted by osteoblasts and its high serum levelsare correlated with increased bone mineraldensity. It is therefore, used as biomarker for boneformation process and also has a role in regulationof osteoblast function.Transforming growth factor beta - 1 is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth which will either stimulate or inhibit proliferation of mesenchymal cells depending on the presence of other growth factors. It is secreted by osteoblasts and is very abundant in bone matrix. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7is a member of transforming growth factor - b superfamily; it is widely expressed during embryonic growth, and is an essential morphogen in renal, skeletal, and eye development.Aims of the study : This study aimedto evaluate and compare the Immunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, transforming growth factor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia and Ossifying fibroma of the jaw bones,correlate the expression of the aforementioned markers in these lesions.Analyze theimmunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, Transforming growth factor beta - 1 & bone morphogenetic protein - 7 inFibrous dysplasia & Ossifying fibroma, in order to assess its potential role in differentiation between these two disease entities.Materials&Methods : A total of 30 retrospective formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue blocks were included in this study, 15 were diagnosed asFibrous dysplasia of the jaws and 15 were ofOssifying fibroma of the jaws. Animmunohistochemicalstaining method using ofosteocalcin,transforming growthfactor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7 monoclonal antibodies were performed.Results : The results revealed that the majority of cases (73.33%) were females for each Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. the age range was (8 - 35)years for Fibrous dysplasia and (7 - 50)years forOssifying fibroma. For Fibrous dysplasia most cases presented in maxilla (66.76%) while for Ossifying fibroma most of the cases presented in mandible (73.33), with more predominant Fibrous dysplasia cases in molar area (60%) and more presented Ossifying fibroma cases in premolar & molar area (33.33%). Statistically significant difference was found between Fibrous dysplasia&Ossifying fibroma cases regarding jaws & site distribution (P=0.02&0.04) respectively.Osteocalcin positive immunohistochemicalexpression was found in fibroblast - like cells in 4 cases(26.66%) of Fibrous dysplasia and in 7 cases (46.67%) of Ossifying fibroma, according to Chi - square test the result showed statistically significant difference regarding osteocalcin expression in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma (P=0.04). Transforming growth factor beta - 1 was positivelyexpressed in 8cases (53.3%) of Fibrous dysplasiaand 10 cases (66.67%) of Ossifying fibroma. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7showed positive expression in 2 cases (13.3%) of Fibrous dysplasia and 4 cases (26.7%) ofossifying fibroma.Statistically non - significant difference regarding the immunohistochemicalexpression of transforming growth factor beta - 1 and bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. Moreover significant correlation was found regardingtransforming growth factor beta - 1 expression in response to bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia (P=0.03)and osteocalcin expression in response totransforming growth factor beta - 1 in Ossifying fibroma (P=0.01).Conclusions : Transforming growth factor beta - 1 expressin the majority of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma cases indicate its important role in the process of osteogenesis. The significant correlation seen regarding the expression of some of the studied markers with each other suggest their cooperative role in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma

الظواهر الفمية، مؤشرات عامل الغلوبولين المناعي اللعابي A، الانترلوكين واحد بيتا وعامل تنخر الورم الفا في لعاب مرضى - الكلى المزمن الخاضعين للغسل الكلوي في محافظة ميسان == Oral Findings, Salivary IgA, Interlukin - 1 Beta And Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Markers In Saliva of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis In Missan Governorate

اسم المؤلف: فارس عبد حاتم
اسم المشرف: زاهدة جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Chronic kidney disease refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function which classically develops over a period of years, the ageing of populations along with the growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension is leading to worldwide increase in the number of chronic kidney disease patients, the patients suffering from chronic renal failure face oral health related problems because it affects the bone and soft tissue structures.During hemodialysis, blood contact with a foreign surface, such as a complement - activating dialytic membrane, promotes a variety of complex and interrelated events, leading to an acute inflammatory response.Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling, they are released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells, they are important in health and disease, specifically in host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer and reproduction.Aims of study : The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral findings, salivary flow rate and evaluation of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis treatment in comparison with healthy control, and investigate if there is a relation between these salivary parameters (salivary flow rate, salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels) in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (less and more than one year) and finally find the correlation between salivary parameters in patients group.Methods : Ninety (90) subjects were participated in this study, they were divided into two groups : Patients group comprised of 45 subjects undergoing hemodialysis with chronic kidney diseases; Control group comprised of 45 subjects with no history of any systemic diseases.Intra oral examination was done for each individual to record the prevalence of oral findings in chronic kidney diseases patients. Saliva collected was measured and levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa).Results : The most frequent oral findings in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, in this study were dry mouth (77.7%), uremic breath (bad odor) (55.5%) , taste alteration (55.5%), angular chelitis (35.5%), mucosal pallor (26.6%), burning mouth syndrome (28.8%), staining of teeth (26.6%), oral ulceration (11.1%) and petechia and ecchymosis (2.2%), and the present study showed that no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found in oral findings distribution except angular chelitis which showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. According to salivary flow rate, the present study found that there was a significant difference in patients with chronic kidney disease in comparison to healthy control subjects, also statistically there was no significant difference in salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) in chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. The present study showed that there was no correlation between salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) except salivary immunoglobulin A and interleukin - 1? showed positive significant linear correlation (r=0.368, p=0.006) and negative significant linear correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A and salivary flow rate (r= - 0.275, p=0.009).Conclusions : Cytokines may play roles in pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases represented by increasing interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in saliva of those patients, the chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis recommended comprehensive professional oral care and self - care instructions

العلامات الالتهابية اللعابية وعلاقتها بحالة الفم الصحية بين مجموعة من الصبيان الذين يعانون من السمنة بعمر 21 سنة == Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers In Relation To Oral Health Status Among Obese Boys Aged 12 Years

اسم المؤلف: عاتكة رسول عزيز
اسم المشرف: احلام طه محمد
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان الوقائي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Worldwide, obesity trends are causing serious public health concerns and significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. It has an effect on the person`s general health including the oral health. Aims of the study : This study was designed to investigate the oral health status among a group of obese boys in relation to salivary inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin - 6 and Creactive protein) and selected salivary elements.Materials and methods : The study group consists of forty obese boy of an age 12 year, and forty normal weighted boy of the same age as a control group. Assessment of nutritional status was done by using Body Mass Index specific for age and gender. Dental caries severity was recorded by using the index of Muhlemann (1976). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) was used for plaque assessment, calculus component of periodontal disease index of Ramfjord (1959) was used for calculus assessment and gingival condition assessed according to gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected under standardized condition, salivary flow rate was determined and then the salivary samples chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of salivary interleukine - 6, Creactive protein, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.Results : Caries experience of permanent dentition (DMFS) among study group was lower than that among control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for D2, while caries experience of primary dentition (dmfs) was significantly (P<0.05) lower among study group compared with control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for ds and highly significant difference (P<0.01) for d4.Salivary flow rate was lower among study group compared with control group with no significant difference. No significant correlations (P>0.05) were recorded between salivary flow rate and dental caries, oral cleanliness and gingivalhealth conditions among both groups. The mean value of plaque, calculus and gingival indices were not significantly lower among study group compared with control group. A positive highly significant correlations (P<0.01) were recorded between gingival and plaqueindices among both groups. The level of salivary interleukin - 6 (pg/ml) was higher among study group compared with control group with no significant difference between them; whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding C - reactive protein (?g/ml) level. Salivary calcium and magnesium levels (mg/dl) were highly significantly (P<0.01) lower among study group compared with control group, whereas salivary phosphorus level (mg/dl) was not significantly higher among study group compared with control group. Salivary interleukin - 6 and C - reactive protein were negatively correlated with dental caries of both dentitions among study group with significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and D2, while they were correlated positively with dental caries of both dentitions among control group with highly significant correlation (P<0.01) between IL - 6 and D3 and significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and d4. Salivary calcium was correlated positively highly significantly (P<0.01) withDMFS and significantly (P<0.05) with D4 among control group. Salivary magnesium was correlated positively significantly (P<0.05) with DMFS and D2 among study group; also it was correlated negatively highly significantly (P<0.01) with d3 amongcontrol group. Salivary phosphorus was correlated significantly (P<0.05) in positive direction with d3 among study group; also it was correlated highly significantly (P<0.01) in negative direction with DMFS and significantly (P<0.05) in positivedirection with d3 among control group.

اثر التطبيق الموضعي من الكركمين مسحوق وزيت اساسي على التئام جروح الجلد : دراسة نسيجية وكيميائية نسيجية مناعية في الارانب == Evaluation The Effect of Topical Application of Curcumin Powder And Essential Oil On Skin Wound Healing In Rabbits (Histological And Immunohistochemical Study On IGF - 1R)

اسم المؤلف: نضال حسين محمد
اسم المشرف: بان عبد الغني جميل
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الانسجة الفموية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية الموضوع : طب الاعشاب يمكن ان يعرف كواحد من فروع الطب باشكال مختلفة. وقد اثبت كركمين الكركم فعاليته كماده ملونة، ومنكهة واستخدم تقليديا في الطب،فقد اظهر له خصائص ملحوظه مضادة للالتهابا ت، مضادات الاكسده وخصائص بيولوجية متنوعة.ان عدم وجود سمية للكركم | Back ground : Herbal medicine can be called one of the branches of medicines in various forms.Turmeric curcumin has proved it's efficiencies a coloring, flavoring agent and has been traditionally used in medicine, exhibiting remarkable anti - inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The varied biological properties of curcumin and lack of toxicity even when administered at higher doses makes it attractive toexplore its use in various disorders like diseases of skin.It is good potential agent for wound healing.Considerable interest has been focused on curcumin compound, mechanisms that drive wound repair are complex and have challenged wound - healing investigators for many years.Aims of the study : To evaluate the effects of topical application of curcumin (powder and essential oil)on skin wound healing histologically and immunhistochemically.Materials and methods : Sixty four New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, they were divided into four groups (16 animals for each healing period)each group was subdivided as follows : - Experimental groups(8 rabbits)subdivided into : a - Right facial side of(eight rabbits animal) for essential oil application Left facial side of(eight rabbits animal)for curcumin powder application - Control group (eight rabbits)(right facial sides used as control). Histological evaluation of wound healing was performed for all studied groups.Imunohistochemical analysis was utilized to localize and characterizethe IGF - R1 immuno positive cells at the wound site of allgroups (experimental and control).Results : Histological findings of the present study have shown that reepithelialization, wound contraction were accelerated after topical application of curcumin and essential oil. The results ofimmunohistochemical examination of this study revealed that there was increased expression of IGF - 1R by epithelial and connective tissue cells of skin especially with the topical application of curcumin oil at wound site.Conclusion : - Essential oil is more effective in enhancement of wound healing regarding histological and immuonohistochemical assessment revealed higher mean values of positive expression for insulin growth factor1receptor(IGF - 1R) , (for both stromal and epidermal).

دراسة نسيجية , شكليه نسيجيه ونسيجية مناعية للاستخدام الموضعي ل VEGF / Collagen I في تجويف الاسنان المقلوعة : دراسة تجريبية على الجرذان == Histological, Histomorphometrical And Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Local Application of Collagen I And /Or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (An Experimental Study In Rats

اسم المؤلف: رفل راشد عبد السادة
اسم المشرف: عذراء يحيى الحجازي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: امراض ما حول الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Back ground : Healing socket consists of three new tissue components; epithelium, connective tissue, and bone tissue. Interactive dynamic changes take place between these 3 components during healing period.During the process of healing of the extraction socket the following events occur : firstly, a blood clot (mainly blood cells and network of fibrin) forms and fills the empty socket. Then, the blood clot matures and is organized by the formation of granulation tissue (rich in newly formed vascular structure, abundance of inflammatory cells. The granulation tissue replaces the blood clot completely by the seventh day. After 20 days, the granulation tissue was replaced by collagen, and bone began forming at the base and the periphery of the extraction socket. Epithelium covers the newly formed bone that filled the socket.The healing cascade of all wounds ultimately requires neovascularization, collagen deposition, and collagen constriction by myofibroblasts. Neovascularization in the adult is known to occur by two distinct processes, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis which needs for expression of VEGF.Aim of the study : Histological ,Histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical studies to evaluate the effect of local application of exogenous VEGF/collagen I separately and as a combination in socket healing.Materials and Method : Sixty male Albino Wistar rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper 1st molar of both sides ( right side was considered as experimental site ,while left be the control one).The animals were divided into following groups according to the applicable of biomaterials.A. Control group the tooth socket treated with 1?L of normal salineB. Experimental group includes• Group I contains (20) rats, the tooth socket treated with 1?L of VEGF• Group II contains (20) rats the tooth socket treated with 1?L ofcollagen type I• Group III contains (20) rats, the tooth socket treated with 1?L of a combination of VEGF and collagen I. Each group is composed of 20 rats that will be studied in four periods 3,7,14,28 days (5 rats for each period).The specimens were studied histologically histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical identification of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and tissue non specific alkaline phosphtase (ALP).Results : 1. Histological findings for all groups illustrate formation of blood clot at 3 days.2. Granulation tissue appears in all groups at 7 days period, and new bone is demonstrated in collagen group and a highly cellular woven bone with active proliferative osteoblast and newly blood vessel is detected in combination group.3. At 14 days new epithelization and new bone trabeculae with fibrous tissue are presented mostly in all groups but with different constitution.4. At 28 days all groups show reepithelization but in different thickness, and with newly bone apposition and with different maturity.5. For positive cells expressed ALP VEGF group records a high mean values at 3,14,28 days periods and with high differences in comparisum to other groups while control group reports a high mean value at 7 days.6. For positive cells expressed FGF2.Control group illustrates a high record for the mean of positive cells expressed FGF2 at 3,7days periods and with high differences in comparisum to other groups, while combination group reports a high mean value at 14 days.7. Results demonstrated that in most periods for each group ,whenever ,ALP is a high value in expression ,records a low expression in FGF2.Conclusion : Results ,high lighted on the effect of local application of VEGF in extracted tooth socket that facilited epithelization ,while combination of (Collagen and VEGF ) shows a high mineralization zone.

تقييم الظهور النسيجي الكيميائي المناعي لفايروسات (EBV,HPV16 - 18,HSV1) في الحزاز المنبسط الفموي == Assessment of The Immunohistochemical Expression of Epstein - Barr , Human Papilloma (18 ,16) And Herpes Simplex - 1 Viruses In Oral Lichen Planus

اسم المؤلف: تانیه عبد الاله الطحان
اسم المشرف: احلام حمید مجید
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: امراض ما حول الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد مرض الحزاز المسطح الفموي من الامراض الشائعة ولة مسار مرضي مرتبط بالخلايا المناعية ويرتبط باختلالات الاداء المناعي للجسم مع بعض الفرضيات التي تربط وقوع المرض بالعدوى الفايروسية. وھو من عائلة الھربس الفايروسية، بوقوع بعض الامراض ك "كثرة الوحيدات، EBV ار | oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory immune - mediated disease, The antigen responsible for inducing OLP is still unidentified, although viral agents have been proposed as etiologic factors. Viral infection (Epestin - barr,human papilloma and herpes simplex) has been hypothesized as a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of this disease.Aims of study : The aim of this study was to assess the expression of Epstein Barr virus , Human Papilloma virus 16& 18 and Herpes Simplex virus - 1 immunohistochemistry in oral lichen planus cases and evaluate whether any clinical variant, histopathological or demographic feature correlates with the expression of these viruses.Materials and Methods : This study was performed on thirty formalin fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue Blocks of oral lichen planus retrospectively. An immunohistochemical staining done by using monoclonal antibodies EBV and HPV 18&16 and polyclonal antibody HSV1. Results : Expression of EBV was highly detected in epithelium of oral lichen planus cases (46.6%), no statistically significant correlation was found with clinical parameters.Astatistically significant with sex was observed.Immunostaning results revealed negative expression for both HPV16 & HPV18 in the studied cases except one case which was positive for each viruses. No statistically correlation was found with clinical parameters. Herpes simplex virus - 1 expression was positive in 12 cases (40%) of oral lichen planus cases. Statistically barely significant correlation with sex and clinical types, and a non significant one wasfound with age.ConclusionEpstein Barr and Herpes simplex viruses are present in considerable amounts in oral lichen planus whereas Human papilloma viruses 16 and 18 are rarely present.Taking into account the potential of viruses in OLP.

المؤشر الورمي CA153 عناصر مختارة في اللعاب وعلاقتها بصحة الفم والاسنان ضمن مجموعة من النساء العراقيات المصابات بسرطان الثدي == Salivary Tumor Marker CA15 - 3 And Selected Elements In Relation To Oral Health Status Among A Group of Iraqi Breast Cancer Women

اسم المؤلف: بسمة عبد الباري عزیز
اسم المشرف: احلام طه محمد
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Breast cancer is the commonest type of malignancy worldwide and in Iraq. It is a serious disease that affects the general health and cause systemic changes that affect the physical and chemical properties of saliva leading to adverse effects on oral health.Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to assess the oral health condition (including dental caries, oral cleanliness and periodontal health condition), to evaluate the changes in salivary flow rate and to assess the concentration of tumor marker CA15 - 3 and selected elements (calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, total proteins) in saliva and their relation to oral variables among breast cancer women in comparison to control group.Subjects, Materials and Methods : The total sample consisted of 60 women aged 35 - 45 years attending Al - Kadhemyia Teaching Hospital. Those comprised 30 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer before starting treatment and 30 women without clinical signs and symptoms of breast cancer as a control group.Diagnosis and recording o f dental caries was done by using DMFS indexaccording to the criteria of WHO (1987). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) and calculus component of Ramfjod index for periodontal disease (1959) were applied to assess oral cleanliness. Periodontal disease was evaluated using the gingival index (Loe and Silness, 1963) and loss of attachment level (Ramfjord, 1959). Stimulated salivary samples were collected and salivary flow rate, salivary CA15 - 3, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper ions and total proteins were determined.Results : Results showed that caries experience (DMFS) was higher among the study group compared with the control group but the difference was statistically not significant. The mean values of plaque index, calculus index, gingival index and loss of attachment were higher among the study group than the control group with a highly significant difference (P<0.01).The salivary levels of CA15 - 3 in breast cancer patients were higher than that of the controls with a highly significant difference (P<0.01). All the correlations between salivary CA15 - 3 and dental caries and periodontal diseases were statistically not significant.The salivary flow rate was lower among the study group than control group with a highly significant difference (P <0.01). Higher concentrations of salivary phosphorus, copper and total proteins were recorded among study group compared to control with statistically highly significant differences concerning phosphorus and copper (P<0.01). On the other hand, salivary calcium and zinc were lower among study group compared to control group with statistically highly significant difference concerning zinc (P<0.01). All the correlations between the caries experience and salivary constituents in the study and control groups were weak and not significant except the correlation with total proteins in the control group which was significantly positive. Concerning the correlations of oral hygiene and periodontal disease with salivary constituents, the study showed that all the correlations were weak and not significant except the correlations between the total proteins with loss of attachment in study group and with dental plaque in control group which were significantly positive relations.Conclusions : This study showed that the breast cancer patients had poor oral hygiene and higher rates of periodontal diseases and dental caries, therefore special preventive programs need to be designed for this group of patients. Also the results of this study could support the concept that salivary oncentrations of CA15 - 3 might serve to be used in the detection of breast cancer and/or the po operative follow - up of patients under treatment for carcinoma of the breast

تاثير انواع مختلفة من المواد الملونة على الاستقرار اللوني للحاصرات التقويمية الخزفية المرتبطة مع انواع مختلفة من المواد اللاصقة الضوئية التصلب : دراسة مختبرية == Effect of Different Staining Materials On Color Stability of Sapphire Brackets Bonded With Different Types of Light Cure Orthodontic Adhesives (An In Vitro Study)

اسم المؤلف: الاء فالح البو حسن
اسم المشرف: نضال حسين غايب
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية طب الاسنان - قسم تقويم الاسنان
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لقد ازدادت الحاجة الى استعمال الاجهزة التقويمية التجميلية في هذه الايام مما دفع مقومي الاسنان الى البدء باستخدام الاسلاك التجميلية والحاصرات التجميلية بالاضافة الى الاشرطة المطاطية التجميلية.الحاصرات التقويمية الشبيهة بلون الاسنان انتجت من انواع مختلفة م | The demand for better esthetic during orthodontic treatment has increased now a days, so orthodontists starting using esthetic arch wires, brackets and ligatures.Tooth colored brackets were introduced in different types of materials.Sapphire ceramic brackets are one type of esthetic brackets and their color stability remains the main concern for the clinicians and patients at the same time.The present study design to evaluate the effect of three different staining materials (black tea, pepsi and cigarette smoke) on the stainability of sapphire ceramic brackets bonded with three types of light cure orthodontic adhesives whichinclude : Resilience, Enlight and Transbond. The sample consisted of three hundred sixty sapphire brackets. The brackets were divided according to bonding materials into three groups each group consist of one hundred twenty brackets, then each subgroup further subdivided into four groups according to the material they were immersed (distilled water, black tea, Pepsi and cigarette smoke) with thirty brackets each, then each group with ten brackets further subdivided according to time interval of immersion in each media into three groups one day, seven days and fourteen days at 37°C in the incubator. A UV - Visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV - 1800) was used to perform a light absorption test.ANOVA and LSD tests were used to identify the significant effects of the staining materials at a significance level P ? 0.05.It was found that the immersion time gradually influenced the color stability of the adhesive materials with sapphire brackets with the highest activity observed at fourteen days interval. The brackets bonded with Resilience light cure adhesive are the most type affected by staining materials, then followed by the brackets bonded with Transbond and finally the brackets bonded with Enlight lightcure adhesive.For the staining materials it was found that the cigarette smoke is the mostpowerful staining material, followed by tea and finally pepsi.From the above result we can conclude that the type of adhesive must takein consideration when the esthetic brackets have been used.

دراسة المضاعفات الفموية الوجهية, مؤشرات عامل - الغلوبيولين المناعي اللعابي A , الانترليوكين 6 وعامل تنخر الورم الفا في لعاب مرضى بيتا ثلاسيميا الكبرى في محافظة ميسان == Study of Orofacial Complications, Salivary IgA, Interleukin - 6 And Tumor Necrosis Factor - Alpha Markers In Saliva of Beta - Thalassemia Major Patients In Missan Governorate

اسم المؤلف: جمال محبس ديوان
اسم المشرف: زاهدة جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الثلاسيميا نوع بيتا هو الاضطراب الاحاد اليين الاكثر شيوعا في الشرق الاوسط، والتي تتميز بشذوذ في تركيب سلاسل بيتا من خضاب الدم مما يؤد الى ظواهر متفاوتة تتراوح بين فقر الدم الشديد الى عدم وجود اعراض سريريا.اهداف الدراسة : تحديد مدى انتشار المضاعفات الفمو | Beta - thalassemia is the most common monogenic known disorder in the Middle East, characterized by anomalies in the synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin resulting in variable phenotypes ranging from severe anemia to clinically asymptomatic Individuals. Several immunological defects can be found in patients with beta - thalassemia major patients, among which circulating cytokines levels, impairment of neurophil, macrophage phagocytic and killing functions, this impairment may be due to iron over load.Aims of study : Aims of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Orofacial complications in beta - thalassemia major patients, salivary flow rate, salivary levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and to evaluate correlations between salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and salivary flow rate) in beta thalassemia major patients.Methods : Sixty subjects were participated in this study, they were divided into two groups, patients group composed of 30 patients with major beta - thalassemia, age rang (5 - 23), and 30 healthy looking subjects of both sexes as a control group, age rang (5 - 25). Data was collected using a special formula for general, medical and Orofacial examination sheet. Whole non - stimulated saliva was collected, measured and analyzed by enzyme linked immmunosorbent assay.Results : Most patients were in the first and second decade of life (90%), 20 (60%) were males and 10 (40%) were females with an age rage (5 - 23 years). The prevalence of Orofacial complications in beta - thalassemia major patients increased with age.The prevalence of orofacial complications in beta - thalassemia major patients were color change of oral mucosa (73.3%), rodent face (66.7%), maxillaryprotrusion (66.7%), saddle nose (63.3%), deep bite (26.7%)), open bite (13.3%) and spacing (10%).Regarding the salivary flow rate there was a statistically significant decrease in mean of salivary flow rate in patients group as compared with control group (P= 0.013).Laboratory investigations for salivary concentration of interleukin - 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and salivary immunoglobulin A revealed highly significant to significantly in mean of these parameters in beta thalassemia major patients as compared with control group, interleukin - 6 (p=0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (p= 0.01) and salivary immunoglobulin A (p= 0.05) at P value ? 0.05.Conclusions : Beta - thalassemia major patients have specific Orofacial complications and a particular salivary cytokines compared to normal individuals.

سمك العظم الشدقي في مناطق مختلفة من الفك السفلي واهميتة السريرية في تثبيت المسامير الحلزونية احادية القشرة باستخدام جهاز الاشعة المقطعية متعدد الشرائح == Thickness of Buccal Bone At Various Sites of Themandible And Its Clinical Significance In Monocortical Screws Placementusing Multislice Computed Tomography

اسم المؤلف: حوراء نوري عطا لله
اسم المشرف: لمياء حامد النقيب
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: اشعة الفم والاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using miniplates and screws is the treatment of choice for mandibular fractures.Using miniplates and screws along the ideal line of osteosynthesis provides sufficient support and stability to the bone fragments to allow immediate function. It is important to know both : the region where the bone providesafirm anchorage for the screw,andthe topography of thedental apices and inferior alveolar nerve to avoiddamaging them when inserting the screwThe aim of study : The purpose of this study is to determine the thickness of buccal cortical plate and that of buccal bone using computed tomography,at the parasymphysis and mandibular body, thereby determining the area that provide afirm anchorage and the maximum length of mono - cortical screws that can be safely placed in these regions without injuring the tooth roots orinferior alveolar nerve.Materials and Methods : The sample of the present study was a total of 110 Iraqi patients (77 males & 33 females) aged (18 - 35) years old who admitted to Computed Tomography scan unit in AL - SadrTeaching Hospital in Al - Najaf city to getComputed Tomographic examination of facial bones from November 2013 to May 2014. The conventional section of CT (axial) wasused to do the measurements and dental planning analysiswhich is a specific investigation protocol was also used.The thickness of buccal cortical plate and the thickness of buccal bone were measured at the level of root apex of (canine, first premolar, second premolar) and at the level of : root apex and inferior alveolar canal in (mesial and distal root of first and second molar). Results : The mean buccal bone thickness at canine area was (3.7 - 4.3 mm), in premolars area (3.6 - 4 mm), in molar area (at the level of apex) (5.6 - 6 mm), in molar area (at the level of inferior alveolar canal) (5.2 - 5.6 mm) for females and males respectively. The mean buccal cortical plate thickness at canine area was (1.4 - 1.6 mm), in premolars area (1.5 - 1.7 mm), in molar area (at the level of apex) (2.4 - 2.6 mm), in molar area (atthe level of inferior alveolar canal) (2.4 - 2.3 mm) for females and males respectively.There was no statistically significant age and gender difference in buccal cortical plate thickness and buccal bone thickness. Conclusion : Buccal cortical plate thickness and buccal bone thickness in various sites of the mandible could be measured precisely using Multislice Computed Tomography which can guide surgeons in selecting the proper screw length without causing injury to rootapex or inferior alveolar nerve.

تاثير الجنس،العمر وفقدان السن على ابعاد القناة الثاقبة والعظم الامامي للقناة : دراسة بالتصوير المقطعي == Effect of Gender, Age And Tooth Loss On The Dimensions of Incisive Canal, And Buccal Bone Anterior To The Canal (Computed Tomography Study)

اسم المؤلف: رياحين غازي رشيد
اسم المشرف: احلام احمد فتاح
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: اشعة الفم والاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: القناة الثاقبة تركيب تشريحي لھا موقعا ھاما في الفك العلوي الامامي، دراسة خصائص ھذه القناة وتقييم علاقتھا مع العظم الامامي للقناة ضروري خلال زرع القواطع المركزية العلوية. الاشعة المقطعية لھذه المنطقة يمكن ان توفر ميزات دقيقة عن حدود وموقع القناة الثاقبة | The incisive canal is an anatomical structure with an important location in the anterior maxilla, analyzing this canal characteristics and evaluated its relation to the bone anterior to the canal is necessary during dental implantation of maxillary central incisors. CT scan image for this region can provide accurate features about the border, position of incisive canal and status of buccal bone anterior to this canal.Aim of the study : To study for the effect of gender, age and tooth loss in area of maxillary central incisors teeth on the dimensions of the incisive canal and buccal bone anterior to the canal using spiral computed tomography.Subjects, Materials and Methods : The sample consisted of prospective study for 156 subjects of both gender. The sample were divided into two groups, 120 dentate group (60 male and 60 female) with age ranging from (20 - 70) and 36 edentate group(with missing both maxillary central incisor) (18 male and 18 female) with age ranging from (50 - 70), which was further divided into two group according to the duration of maxillary central incisorsteeth loss, long duration (5+) years which consists of 26 subjects and short duration (<5 years) which consists of 10 subjects. All subjects attended to Baquba Teaching General Hospital in Diyala for Computed Tomographic scan investigation for different Maxillofacial diagnostic purposes from November/2013 to April/2014.Using sagittal section of computed tomography scan, the following measurementswere done : A - The diameters of incisive canal were measured at crestal, middle and apical level and the total mean value of canal diameters was calculated. B - The length of incisive canal.C - The distance of buccal bone anterior to incisive canal at crestal, middle and apical level and the total mean value of buccal bone distances was calculated. D - The length of buccal bone anterior to incisive canal from the apical measurement of buccal bone to the alveolar crest. The measuring unit was in millimeter in all measurements.Result : Gender had moderately strong effect on the dimensions of incisive canal and buccal bone anterior to this canal, the mean values begin generally higher for male as compared to female for both control and cases group. Absence of maxillary central incisors decreased incisive canal length and buccal bone dimensions with mean values begin higher in control group than that in cases group, the effect of teeth loss on these selected measurements seem to be strong ;however, canal diameter remain unchanged with dental status and there was no effect of teeth loss on this parameter.There was a moderately strong to strong effect of the duration of maxillary central incisors teeth loss on canal length and buccal bone dimensions with mean values being significantly lower in long duration (5+) years than that in short duration (<5 years) while it had weak effect on incisive canal diameter for both gender. The results showed that there was no significant linear correlation between age and all selected measurements in male and female for both control and cases group. Conclusion : CT scan is a valuable tool to evaluate the anatomic variation at the examined area in the current study, gender and dental status are important factors that can affect incisive canal characteristics and amount of bone anterior to the canal. Clinicians should perform careful planning using CT scans before performing dental implant surgeries in premaxillary region.

قياس كثافة العظم السنخي في الفك العلوي في سن 13 - 15 سنة باستخدام المفراس الحلزوني == Measurment of Maxillary Alveolar Bone Density At 13 - 15 Years Age Using Spiral Omputerized Tomography

اسم المؤلف: ازهار عبد الامير فرج
اسم المشرف: فخري عبد علي الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية طب الاسنان - قسم تقويم الاسنان
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Bone density is a major factor that affect mini implant primarily stability. No Iraqi studies had been evaluated bone density related to mini - implant placement for orthodontic anchorage at age 13 - 15 years.The present research aims to evaluate gender, side and site differences in the bone density at various orthodontic implant sites for the maxillary alveolar bone (cortical; buccal and palatal and cancellous).The sample of this study consisted of CT images for patients who were attending Al. Shaheed Ghazi Al - Hariri Hospital/the Computerized Tomography department from January 2014 until May 2014. Twenty nine individuals (16 males and 13 females) had subjected to clinical examination, then 64 - multislice computed tomography scan data were evaluated and bone density was measured in Hounsfield unit at 21 points (9 points for each side and 3 points between the right and left central incisors).The results obtained showed that there were no significant differences in bone density between males and females and between the left and right sides. There are no significant differences in bone density between the maxillary buccal cortical bone and the palatal cortical bone except at lateral incisor and canine point where the palatal side had higher bone density than buccal side. The mean bone density of the cancellous bone in the anterior part was higher than that in the posterior of the maxilla.These differences in bone density between and within regions of the maxilla must be considered when placing mini implants and may provide valuable information when selecting sites, size, angle and placement methods for mini implant in the dental arch.

حاله الاكتئاب وعلاقتها بحاله الفم والخصائص الفزيوكيميائيه لدى طلاب المدارس من فئه عمر 15 سنة في مدينة الصويره - حافظة واسط - جمهورية العراق == Depression Status In Relation To Oral Health Condition And Salivary Physiochemical Characteristics Among 15 Years Old School Students In Al - Swera City - Wassit Governorate - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: هدى سلمان خیاله
اسم المشرف: بان صاحب ذیاب
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان الوقائي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, its affect oral health through its effect on salivary function. The aims of this study were to assess the relation of depression status on prevalence and severity of dental caries and gingival inflammation among students aged 15 years in relation to salivary physical (flow rate and viscosity) and chemical characteristics concentration of (total protein, zinc, copper, chromium and lithium).Materials and methods : The total sample involved 800 students (males and females) aged 15 years old that were selected randomly, the depression status was measured using Children Depression Inventory (CDI) index that divided the students with depression into four groups according to severity of depression (low or average grade, high average grade, elevated grade and very elevated grade). The diagnosis and recording of dental caries was made by using Decay, Missing, Filled surface index (DMFs), according to the criteria of Manji et al (1989), while gingival condition was evaluated by using the gingival index by L?e and Silness, (1964). Salivary samples were collected under standardized condition from 30 students with very elevated grade and 30 students with low average grade, and then analyzed for measuring salivary flow rate and viscosity, in addition to the estimation of salivary elements (total protein, zinc, copper, chromium and lithium).Results : The prevalence of depression was 100%. The DMFs was lower among students with high average grade than other grades of depression with nonsignificant difference. The severity of dental caries was higher among students with elevated grade concerning D1, D3 and in very elevated grade of depression concerning D2, D4 with highly significant among D4 (P = 0.01). The prevalence of gingivitis in present study was found to be 100%, mild gingivitis occurrence found higher among low or average grade than other grades, but moderate gingivitis was more among very elevated grade, while sever gingivitis was absent. Salivary analysis demonstrated that the salivary flow rate was non significantly higher among students with low or average grade of depression than very elevated, while the viscosity of saliva was not significantly higher among students with very elevated grade. The data analysis of salivary elements found that the total protein and copper was higher among students with very elevated grade while other elements show the opposite result with significant difference concerning copper and zinc among females in very elevated grade, while others with not significant.Conclusion : The results of the current research revealed that caries experience and gingival inflammation increase with depression that has an adverse effect on salivary physicochemical characteristics. There were changes in saliva variables between low or average grade and very elevated grade of depression.

تاثير متسلل التسوس ممزوج مع او بدون مواد لاصقة تقليدية على ختم المينا السليمة : دراسة مختبرية == The Influence of Caries Infiltrant Combined With And Without Conventional Adhesives On Sealing of Sound Enamel (In Vitro Study)

اسم المؤلف: مروة بلاسم محمد الجيبةجي
اسم المشرف: ضياء جعفر الدباغ
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية طب الاسنان - قسم تقويم الاسنان
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The formation of white spot lesions around fixed orthodontic attachments is a common complication during and following fixed orthodontic treatment, which hinder the results of a successfully completed case.The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the Caries Infiltrant (ICON®) on prevention of caries on the smooth enamel surface when applied alone or combined with conventional adhesives. To achieve this objective, seventy eight human premolar enamel discs were randomly assigned to six groups (n=13). The discs were etched and treated with resins of different monomer content forming the following groups : (1)Untreated etched samples served as the negative control, (2) ICON® (DMG), (3) Adper™ SB 2 (3M ESPE), (4) Heliobond (Ivoclar Vivadent), (5) ICON®+ Adper™ SB 2 and (6) ICON®+ Heliobond. Specimens were subjected to demineralization by immersion in hydrochloric acid (pH 2.6) for 18 days. Calcium dissolution into the acid was assessed by photometric test via spectrophotometer at 24 hour intervals.The results revealed that, there was a highly significant difference between the sealed groups and the unsealed (untreated) one (p?0.00) indicating that the unsealed specimens showed the highest amount of Ca ion loss among all other groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference between untreated specimens and the ICON® sealed ones. While, Heliobond decreased the Ca ion loss significantly compared to the untreated specimens and Adper™ SB 2 performed significantly better than both ICON® and Heliobond. Furthermore, the combination of ICON® with either Adper™ SB 2 or Heliobond served as the best protective measures and maintained the protective effect during the whole experiment period.Therefore, within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that the use of low - viscosity Caries Infiltrant prior to application of the tested conventional adhesives increases their protective effect against demineralization.

تقييم تاثير بلازما النيتروجين المتوهج لغرسة التيتانيوم التجاري على الترابط العظمي بالتحليل الميكانيكي والتحليل النسيجي == Evaluation of The Effect of Glow Plasma Nitriding of Commercially Pure Titantium Dental Implant On Osseointigration Through Mechanical And Histomorphometric Analysis

اسم المؤلف: حسن جواد فرحان المسعودي
اسم المشرف: شذى سليم الامير
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الاتجاه الجديد للغرسات هوايجاد المواد التي تسرع عملية بناء العظم في السطح البيني للعظم والغرسه وتحسين الاندماج العظمي من اجل توفير التحميل الفوري والمباشر بعد وضع الغرسات وتقليص فترة الانتظار التي تكون مزعجه وغير مريحه للمرضى.الاهداف.تقييم تاثير طلاء ال | Introduction : The new trend of implants is to find materials which accelerate bone formation in bone implant interface and improve osseointegration to provide immediate or early loading after placement in addition to eliminate the waiting period which is usually uncomfortable and disturbs patients. Aim of study : To evaluate the effect of plasma nitride treatment of screw shaped commercially pure titanium dental implant on bond strength at bone implant interface by torque removal test and histomorphometric analysis after 2 and 6 weeks in comparison to non treated one.Materials and methods : Commercial pure titanium plates and screws were plasma nitrided for 10h using glow plasma nitride apparatus. X - ray diffraction (XRD) analysis , scanning electron microscope examination were carried out on the nitride surfaces of the plates ,contact angle measurement (Wettability) was done by applying drop of saline and blood on the nitrided surface and compared to control. The femur of 10 white New Zealand rabbits were chosen as implantation sites. The femur of each rabbit received two screws, one plasma nitride treated and one non treated and a total of 40 screws were implanted. Torque removal test was performed(by digital torque meter) to measure bond strength between implant and bone, after 2 and 6 weeks healing periods. For each period of time 18 screws were tested for the torque required to remove the implant from the bone and 2 screws were kept for histological examination. Results : The results revealed that the mean removal torque values for the plasma nitride treated implants was significantly higher than the non treated implants and over the two periods of time. There was an increase in the bond strength (torque value) of bone - implant interface with time. The torque removal force for plasma nitride implants after 2 and 6 weeks was (30.22, 59.56 N.cm ,respectively) and for non treated implants after 2 and 6 weeks were ( 23.61,56.11N.cm, respectively) and new bone formation ratio for plasma nitride treated implants after 2 and 6 weeks(3.36, 4.72 , respectively) and for non treated after 2 and 6 weeks(1.56, 3.04, respectively). Conclusion : Plasma nitriding of Cp Ti screws significantly increased the torque removal value and new bone formation ratio at 2 and 6 weeks compared with the non treated implant.Dental implant, Osseointegration, Digital torque meter

مواصفات الاطباق وادراكه والحاجة والطلب على تقويم الاسنان لدى الطلاب البغداديين بعمر 13 سنة : دراسة مقارنة مسحية ميدانية == Occlusal Features, Perception of Occlusion And Orthodontic Treatment Need And Demand Among 13 Years Aged Baghdadi Students (A Comparative Cross Sectional Epidemiological Study

اسم المؤلف: زينب محمد رضا الجلبي
اسم المشرف: فخري عبد علي الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية طب الاسنان - قسم تقويم الاسنان
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study was conducted to assess the distribution, prevalence, severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Baghdad governorate in relation to gender and residency, and whether it has increased or not over 12 years by comparison with previous survey in Baghdad.A multi - stage stratified sampling technique was used in this investigation to make the sample a representative of target population. The sample consisted of 2700 (1349 males and 1351 females) intermediate school students aged 13 years representing 3% of the total target population.A questionnaire was used to determine the perception of occlusion and orthodontic treatment demand of the students and the assessment procedures for occlusal features by direct intraoral measurement using veriner and an instrument to measure the rotated and displaced teeth. In summary the followingresults were obtained : 1 - 7.7% of the sample had some type of orthodontic treatment or consultation.2 - 39.1% of the students answered that they have malaligned teeth, being significantly more in female than males.3 - of the students who stated that they have malaligned teeth, 26% reported that they had crowded teeth, 26.6% had spaced teeth, 22.4% had protruded teeth and 25.7% had rotated and displaced teeth.4 - Regarding the answers of the effect of mal - aligned teeth, 70.3% answered that it affects their appearance, 17.7% chewing, and 7.7% speech while 4.1% answered that mal - aligned teeth did not affect appearance, chewing or speech.5 - the most common reasons for not seeking orthodontic treatment that the student thought that treatment is fear of pain (48.8%) and not important or not possible (25.8%).6 - One or more missing teeth due to extraction or trauma were found in 4.9% of the sample, and the most common extracted teeth were the first molars (1.6% mandibular and 0.9% maxillary). One or more rotated teeth were found in 38.3% of the sample; one or more displacement teeth were found in 19.6% of the sample.7 - The maxillary anterior region showed the highest prevalence of 2mm or more spacing (15.2%) and the mandibular anterior region showed the highest prevalence of 2mm or more crowding (12.6%); a maxillary central diastema of 1mm or more was found in 18.1% of the sample with a mean of 0.306±0.015mm.8 - Angle’s class I occlusion was found in 78.29%of the sample, class II in 19.5% (17.2% division 1 and 2.3% division 2) and 2.3% had class malocclusion (1.6% postural and 0.7% true). The mean overjet of the sample was 3.31± 0.04 mm. The mean overbite was 2.99±0.03 mm,9 - Midline shift (?1mm) was found in 54.3% of the sample (28% to the right and 26.3% to the left side).Soft tissue impingement was found in 3.3% (3% palatally and 0.3% labially). Normal lip form was found in 86.6%, contracting lip form in 10.1% and lip trap in 3.3% of the sample.10 - The DAI scores registered in this study ranged between 13 and 65 with a mean of 23.234±0.12. 7.3% with treatment highly desirable, and 4.5% with treatment mandatory.Significant changes in the proportions of malocclusions as a whole in school children were found over the last decade; also increase the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the Baghdad commune and low perception level of the Baghdadi children to their own occlusion and the demand on treatment was remarkably low. This data will be useful for public oral health service and emphasize the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in Baghdad and stressing on the role of oral health education to encourage the children to undergo orthodontic treatment.

تاثير اضافة فلوريد الصوديوم كمطهر على بعض خواص مادة طبعة الالجنيت == Effect of Sodium Fluoride Addition As A Disinfectant On Some Properties of Alginate Impression Material

اسم المؤلف: علاء مهدي حسين
اسم المشرف: رغداء كريم جاسم
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: صناعة الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: المقدمة : تلوث طبعات الاسنان مع اللعاب والدم من تجويف الفم يحصل مباشرة في عيادات الاسنان ومختبرات صناعة الاسنان يجعل من طبعات الاسنان الملوثة فقرات يصعب التعامل معها من وجهة نظر انتشار الاخماج. اشارت التقارير السابقة الى امكانية الطبعات الملوثة بتلويث ال | Introduction : Contamination of dental impressions with saliva and blood from the oral cavity occurs readily in dental clinics, direct interaction between dental clinics and dental laboratories makes contaminated dental impressions difficult items to deal with it from the cross contamination point of view. Previous reports indicated that contaminated impressions can cross infect gypsum casts that were poured against them, however immersing or spraying commonly used alginate impression material with disinfectant may adversely affect the accuracy of dies or casts obtained. Objective : The objective was to evaluate the effect of (0.25%,0.5%,1%, 2%, 3%, 4% ) of (NaF) addition on the self - disinfection of alginate impression material and its effect on setting time, tear strength, dimensional change and accuracy of alginate impression materials and to compare this with CHX containing alginate material related to the same properties mentioned above.Materials and methods : A total No. of 800 specimens were prepared in this study, they were divided into five main groups according to the type of the tests used (tear strength test, setting time test, dimensional change test, dimensional accuracy test, and bacteriological tests (Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans).Six concentrations of NaF from (0.25% to 4%) and 0.1% CHX gluconate were mixed with alginate impression material and compare it with control alginate without disinfectant. Results : The self - disinfecting impression material containing NaF showed a total kill of microorganisms immediately after impressions were made.Tear energies for all experimental impression materials were greater than those of the control products. There were no statistically significant differences between the dimensional change tests and also reproduction of detail test, that contained (NaF) and one that did not. With regard to setting time of the impressions, statistically significant reduction were seen between the control and experimental groups of alginate impression materials. The experimental material that did not contain (NaF) had a considerably longer setting time than all of the other materials tested.Conclusion : the use of (NaF) and CHX disinfection when taking alginate dental impression is a good measure in reduction of contamination and cross infection and have a minute effect on dimensional stability and is recommended as step in protecting dentist and dental laboratories teams.

التاثير السمي للضوء الازرق المرئي على البكتيريا المشعشعة المصاحبة للورم الفطري والبورفيروموناس اللثوية في المرضى المصابين بالتهاب اللثة المزمن : دراسة مختبرية == Phototoxic Effect of Visible Blue Light On Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans And Porphyromonas Gingivalis In Patients With Chronic Periodontitis (An In - Vitro Study

اسم المؤلف: علي رعد عبد العزيز
اسم المشرف: مها شكري محمود | وفاق محمود الوتار
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: امراض ما حول الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : على الرغم من ان ازالة الصفائح الجرثومية (الجير) وكلس الاسنان ( الحصى السنية ) بالطرق الميكانيكية يمثل حجر الزاوية في علاج امراض اللثة، يبقى ذلك بحاجة الى علاج مساند اذا علمنا ان التنظيف الميكانيكي لا يستطيع الوصول الى كل السطوح والاماكن حول السن | Background : Although mechanical debridement of dental plaque and calculus represents the corner stone in periodontal treatment , still it needs an adjunctive therapy since mechanical cleaning cannot reach all the surfaces and sites all around the tooth and within periodontal defect or the bacteria that resides inside periodontal tissues. Chemotherapy been used as an adjunctive therapy alongside with mechanical debridement in different compositions and routes, i.e. : chlorhexidine mouth washes (local routes) , antibiotics (systemic route) , yet chemical treatment might not be sufficient or cannot be used as in cases of drug sensitivity , difficulty to maintain effective concentration at wanted sites and lack of patient dexterity and compliance.Hence, arises the need for an alternative adjunctive therapy, photodynamic therapy has been used in recent years, taking advantage of the toxic effect of light on periodontal pathogens (bacteria). Aims of the study : The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effect of visible blue light emitted from dental curing led light device of wavelength ranges between 400 - 500nm and energy of 1000 - 1200 mw/cm on the viability of periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis), alone once , and with combination of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash in vitro.Materials and methods : A.actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, was obtained from periodontal pockets of patient suffering from periodontitis by removing the plaque carefully to be cultured under anaerobic conditions for 3 days in suitable culture media using anaerobic jar in the incubator, presence of the wanted micro - organism is confirmed using Gram stain and biochemical activity tests.The amount (quantity of bacteria) was determined by direct colony counting and using visual software aids (open CFU software program) when needed.Visible blue light (LED curing light) from a commercially available device the same used in light - cured fillings in dentistry was used to generate a beam of visible blue light with amount of energy 1000 - 1200 mW/cm2 of a wavelength ranges between 400 - 500nm. Samples were subjected to blue light for increasing time intervals and were subcultured after each exposure.Same procedure of light exposure was repeated on plates containing chlorhexidine mouth wash in holes created with pasture tube, a standardized amount of chlorhexidine (0.1mml) was administrated into the holes of each plate, and then the inhibition zone was measured repeatedly for each plate after 72 hours of anaerobic incubation.

تسوس الاسنان والاحتياجات العلاجية لطالبات الثانوية لعمر (16 - 18) سنة وعلاقتهما مع نظافة الفم، المستوى الدراسي للاهل والتحليل الغذائي في مدينة المسيب/ محافظة بابل/ العراق == Dental Caries And Treatment Needs Among 16 - 18 Years Old High School Girls, In Relation To Oral Leanliness, Parent'S Education And Nutritional Status, In Al - Mussayb City/ Babylon Governorate/ Iraq

اسم المؤلف: زهراء محمد حسین
اسم المشرف: سلافة خالد السامرائي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان الوقائي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Dental caries is a quite prevalent disease in Iraqi community however, baseline data concerning this disease and related etiological and risk factor are limited, concerning in selected geographic area in Iraq.Aims of study : This survey was made to investigate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Al - Mussayb city/ Babylon governorate, the co - relation of this disease was studied with nutrition status and dietary analysis, oral cleanliness and parent'seducation among (16 - 18) years old in high school girls.Materials and Methods : The survey was conducted among high school girls, with a total sample of 900. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries and treatment needs were done according to the criteria of WHO. Dental plaque was assessed by using Plaque Index following the criteria of Silness and Loe. Nutritional status was recorded according to Body Mass Index indicator by applying anthropometric measurement. Dietary analysis was according to Dietary Guidelines in primary health centers in Iraq. Parent's education was divided in to five levels according to modification to educational status of Kuppuswamy's scale.Results : The prevalence of dental caries was (70.5%). The DMFS mean value was (4.94 ±SE 0.161) and the median was equal to (4.00) for the total sample. The DMFS value increased with ages with statistically highly significant difference (P<0.01), The highest percentage of examined girls were in need of one surface filling (60.8%), followed by those in need of two or more surface filling (36.6%). Result showed a weak positive highly significant correlation between plaque index and DMFS (r=0.315, P<0.01). A statistically highly significant difference in DMFS was recorded by different level of parent's education as a lower value of DMFS was seen among girls with high level of parent's education. Results showed statistically highly significant differences in the value of DMFS between different grade of Body Mass Index indicator (P <0.01, df=3), for total sample (11.7%) was malnourished and (65.77%) of girls was with normal weight. Statistically highly significant weak negative correlation was seen between DMFS and different food groups (fruits, vegetable, meat, grain and diary). A weak positive highly significant correlation between DMFS and sweet consumption was seen (r=0.155, P<0.01).Conclusions : Girls in high schools in Al - Mussayb city/ Babylon Governorate demonstrated a high prevalence of dental caries. Nutritional status, dietary habits, oral cleanliness and parent's education were found to affect the severity of this disease, thusthere is a need for public and school preventive programs among those population

ابعاد البلعوم فيما يتعلق ببعض المتغيرات السنية والقحفية للصنف الهيكلي الاول والثاني : دراسة مقارنة بالاشعة القياسية الجانبية عند البالغين == Nasopharyngeal Dimensions In Relation To Some Dento - Cranium Variables of Class I And II Skeletal Patterns (A Cephalometric Comparative Study In Adults)

اسم المؤلف: عمار عباس فضل
اسم المشرف: فخري عبد علي الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية طب الاسنان - قسم تقويم الاسنان
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The size of the nasopharyngeal airway was believed to have an important role in the development of the dentofacial structure. Therefore, this study was done on 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) at age range 18 - 25 years. Cephalometric radiograph has been taken to each subject and the measurements were recorded. The sample was divided into two groups, class I skeletal relationship (15 males and 15 females) and class II skeletal relationship (15 males and 15 females). Comparisons between the different study groups were undertaken and the following results were obtained.In class I skeletal relationship, all the nasopharyngeal liner measurements and all the dento - cranium linear measurements are significantly higher in males than females, except lower airway thickness (PNS - ad1) and upper airway thickness (PNS - ad2)showed no significant gender difference. While all the angular measurements showed no significant gender difference.In class II skeletal relationship, most of the nasopharyngeal liner measurements have no significant gender difference, while all the dento - cranium linear measurements are significantly higher in males than females. In comparison for class difference between class I and class II skeletal relations in total sample, all the nasopharyngeal linear measurements have no significant class difference, except lower airway thickness showed significant difference which were higher in class II than class I and upper airway thickness showed significant difference which were higher in class I than class In the whole sample of the study, positive correlation was found between lower airway thickness and upper airway thickness.

معدل انتشار وشدة نقص التمعدن الضرسي القاطعي والعلاقة مع العوامل المسببة بين اطفال المدارس بعمر 7 - 9 سنة في محافظة النجف == Prevalence And Severity of Molar - Incisor Hypomineralisation In Relation To Its Etiological Factors Among School Children Age 7 - 9 Years In Al - Najaf Governorate

اسم المؤلف: ولاء عامر عوفي
اسم المشرف: بان علي صالح
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب اسنان الاطفال
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Molar - Incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is one of the biggest challenges with great clinical interest for dental practice because MIH has a great impact on the oral health as consequently, on the quality of life of children. Currently, the etiology of MIH remains unclear and is thought to be acquired via multifactorial, systemic disturbances during amelogenesis. There is no previous study concerning school children aged 7 - 9 years in Al - Najaf govemorate in order to estimate the prevalence and severity of molar incisorhypomineralisation and the possible associated risk factors. Objective : To estimate the prevalence , severity and the possible associated etiological factors of molar - incisor hypomineralisation and also to study the correlation between body mass index and molar - incisor hypomineralisation.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted at Al - Najaf Govemorate, data were collected during the period from January to the end of April 2014. study population included the primary school children aged, 7 - 9 years of both genders who attending the primary schools of Al - Najaf govemorate. Children having amelogenesis imperfecta, tetracycline staining or undergoing orthodontic treatment at the time of study, those with completely broken crowns of the first permanent molars, or those whose parent/guardians refusedto missed data or not get back the questionnaire were excluded from the study. Sample size was calculated according to the standard equation and a total of 600 children were enrolled. A structured self - administered validated arabic language questionnaire and an examination sheet was measured. Body weight and height were measured and the body mass index was calculated according to the standards. Dental material and supplies were used in examination, Prior to the clinical examination the participating children were given a toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste to brush their teeth thoroughly under the supervision of the researcher. The demarcated hypomineralization was recorded according to the 10 point scoring system depended on the European academy of pediatric dentistry evaluation criteria. The severity was assessed according to the clinical evaluation of the examiner and the presence of opacities. Data of the studied group were entered and analysed by using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 and appropriate statistical tests were used to assess the differences and correlations between variables. Results : The response rate was 84. 7% and the highest was in the 9 - year - old children, the participants were 532 children, the prevalence of hypomineralisation defect was 22.9%. The prevalence of demarcated hypomineralisation was increased concomitantly with the age, and the 9 - yearold children were the more affected. The overall prevalence of molar - incisor hypomineralisation among boys was lower than girls; (17.3%) and 22.6%, respectively. Molar - incisor hypomineralisation was more frequent in normal body mass index children. The total number of teeth of the studied group was 1464. The number of affected teeth was 3 81 represented (26%) of the total number of teeth. The molar and incisors were most affected with White/creamy demarcated opacities with no posr eruptive enamel breakdown, (27.7% and 15.2%), respectively. The severely affected teeth were 33 teeth, represented 4.5% of the total number of teeth of the 122 children , severely affected molars were 25 (5.1 %) and the severely affected incisors were 8 (0.8%), (P=0.001), Obeseand overweight were more likely to have more severely affected teeth and the severity was also increased with the age of child. Conclusions and Suggestions : The prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation among Iraqi schoolchildren of Al Najaf govemorate was 22.9%, it was more prevalent among girls, the 9 - year - old children , normal body weight children and urban residents. Molars were more affected with than incisors. It was more prevalent in maxillary than mandibular teeth. The severely affected teeth represented 4.5% of the total number of teeth of the 122 children. , molars were more severely affected than incisors. The more severely affected teeth reported inobese and underweight children. Further studies are suggested for further understanding of the etiological and risk factors of the disease.

الحالة الصحية للفم لاطفال الرياض وعلاقتها بالحالة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في محافظة النجف الاشرف العراق == Oral Health Status Among Kindergarten Children In Relation To Socioeconomic Status In Al - Najaf Governorate - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: سهى مهدي حميد شبر
اسم المشرف: وصال علي العبيدي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان الوقائي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم بعض مقاييس اللعاب المناعية وتركيز عنصر الحديد وعلاقتهما بحالة صحة الفم للاطفال المصابين بفقر دم البحر الابيض المتوسط النوع الكبير كربلاء/العراق == Evaluation of Selected Salivary Immunological Parameters And Iron Ion Concentration In Relation To Oral Health Condition Among Children With Beta Thalassemia Major (Karbala’ / Iraq)

اسم المؤلف: شيرين سمير يوسف
اسم المشرف: بان علي صالح
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب اسنان الاطفال
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Beta Thalassemia Major is an inherited, genetic blood disorder which affect the bone marrow's ability to produce 2Themoglobin 2Tmolecules( the component of normal1T 1T2Tred blood cells1T2T 1Tthat transports oxygen to the body's cells), thered blood cells will have been short lifespan and 2Tdestroyed1T2T 1Tat a1T 1T2Tfaster rate2T. These patients are typically transfusion - dependent, and have significant complications, including iron overload, immune system disorders, and bacterial and/or viralinfections which can affect the oral health condition. Aims of the study : The aims of the present study were to assess the severity of dental caries, dental plaque, gingivitis, levels of selected salivary immunological components and iron concentration in saliva, among a group of boys and girls with beta thalassemia major in comparison with the control group.Materials and methods : The study involved 17 boys and 23 girls with beta thalassemia major, aged 8 - 9 years compared to 17 healthy boys and 23 healthy girls with the same age group. dmfs/ds and DMFS/DS indices (WHO, 1987), plaque index (Silness and L?e,1964), and gingival index (L?e and Silness, 1963) were applied, unstimulated salivary samples were collected for estimation the salivary immunological components(Secretory Immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, peroxidase, and lactoferrin) in which they were analyzed by enzyme - linked immune sorbent assay kits and iron ion concentration in saliva which was analyzed biochemically.Results : Results showed that, caries - experience was higher among beta thalassemia children compared to healthy children. In primary teeth, a higher dmfs/ds mean value was recorded for study group (dmfs/ds=8.93±6.40) compared to control group (dmfs/ds=6.63±5.38), the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05), except for girls the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). For permanent teeth, DMFS/DS mean value was found to be higher instudy group (DMFS/DS=0.63±1.23) compared to control group (DMFS/DS=0.58±0.75), and the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05). plaque index mean value was higher in study group (PI=1.69±0.45) compared to control group (PI=1.52±0.28), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). gingival index mean value was higher in study group (GI=1.38±0.20) compared to control group (GI=1.22±0.10), and the difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.01). Correlation between dental plaque and gingivitis in study group was positive with statistically highly significant(p<0.01). There were some variation in the levels of salivary immunological parameters between study and control groups, the differences were statistically not significant(p>0.05), except that for peroxidase, the levels were higher in study group compared to control group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Iron ion concentrations were higher in study group compared to control group, the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05). The correlation between secretory immunoglobulin A levels and dmfs/ds in study group was statistically significant (r= - 0.32, p=0.02). Lysozyme was correlated with DMFS/DS in study group and the correlation was statistically significant (r=0.38, p=0.01). lactoferrin was correlated with dmfs/ds and DMFS/DS in control group, and the correlation was statistically highly significant and significant respectively (r=0.52, p=0.00), (r=0.32, p=0.04). The correlations between iron ion concentrations and dental caries were statistically not significant(p>0.05) for both groups. All the correlations between measured salivary parameters and dental plaque and gingivitis were found to be statistically not significant(p>0.05) for both groups. The correlations between iron ion and immunological components were statistically not significant(p>0.05). The correlation between lysozyme and lactoferrin was statistically significant in both study group and control group respectively (r=0.36, p=0.02) and (r=0.36, p=0.01). The correlation between peroxidase and lactoferrin in study group was statistically highly significant (r= - 0.40, p=0.00). In control group, there was statistically highly significant correlation between secretory immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin (r=0.41, p=0.00). Conclusion : dental caries, dental plaque and gingivitis found to be higher in beta thalassemia major patients than normal children; they need periodic dental examination and effective preventive program.

تقييم تاثير التيجان المقاومة للفولاذ (تقنية الهول) على معالجة التسوس للطواحن اللبنية : دراسة رجعية == Evaluation of The Influence of Preformed Metal Crown ((Hall Technique)) On The Managing of Carious Primary Molars A Retrospective Study

اسم المؤلف: ورف محسن موسى
اسم المشرف: بان علي صالح
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب اسنان الاطفال
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : When prevention of dental caries fails, and a child is exposed to the risk of pain and infection, the disease must be managed to reduce this risk. There is a growing evidence supporting more 'biological approaches' for managing dental cariesin primary teeth. The Hall Technique is one of the biological approaches for managing caries in primary molars which involves sealing caries beneath preformed metal crowns (stainless steel crowns). The crown is cemented over the tooth without theuse of local anesthesia, caries removal, or tooth preparation. The clinical steps for the Hall Technique are straightforward but, as with all dental care provision, appropriate treatment planning for the procedure requires skill. The Hall Technique offers anothermethod of managing early to moderately advanced, active carious lesions in primary molars, with good evidence of effectiveness and acceptability.Aims of the study : This study was conducted to assess the possible local factors that might happen along with using this novel technique regarding the possible adverse effect of the increased occlusal - vertical dimension and the condition of the surrounding tissues.Also to assess the correlation between the rate of the successful outcome with the caries extension towards the pulp.In addition to evaluate the cost - effectiveness of the Hall Technique in comparison with the conventional restorations. Finally to estimate whether this technique can be performed efficiently by both the specialized dentists and general practitioners in terms of putting the appropriate treatment plan based on the radiographic assessment.Material and methods : A retrospective research was conducted, standardized bitewing radiographs of 100 patients between 3 - 9 years old were evaluated for marginal bone changes. The distance between the cemento - enamel junctions and the alveolar bonecrest was measured. The dentine was evaluated as well regarding the existence of clear band of dentine and the extension of the caries towards the pulp of the tooth. - The cost effectiveness was conducted by creating a scenario of the possible outcomes for the treatment decision whether it was Hall preformed metal crown or traditional restoration. Incremental cost - effectiveness ratio was calculated to find the savingamount value. - A panel consisting of five general practitioners and three specialized dentists weas asked to evaluate twelve bitewings radiograph presented to them and give their opinion whether these radiographs are suitable for Hall Technique or not.Results : The result of this presented study showed that there is decreasing in the distance between the cemento - enamel junction and alveolar bone level at the Hall PMCs treatment side between the before and after insertion periods.it also showed thatthere's no different bone level changes between the Hall preformed metal crown treatment side and its contra - lateral side regardless of its condition (Hall preformed metal crowns, no Hall preformed metal crowns). - A high rate of successful treatment is highly associated with observing a clear band of dentine but it is not associated with the carious extinction toward the pulp as long as a clear band of dentine can be seen. - The Hall Technique is more cost - effective by making more cost saving and more gained teeth. The Hall Technique can be performed efficiently by both the general practitioners and the specialized dentist.Conclusion : according on the results of this research it can be settled that there are no adverse effects of using Hall preformed metal crowns regarding the increase of occlusalvertical dimension and the periodontal condition also the Hall Technique is more costeffective and can be performed by specialized dentists as well as the general practitioners.

تقييم تاثير وجود الكحول في الغسولات الفموية على تلاشي قوة السلاسل التقويمية المرنة المختلفة الاشكال : دراسة مختبرية == Evaluation of The Effect of Alcohol Presence In Mouth Washes On Force Degradation of Different Configurations of Elastomeric Chains (An In Vitro Study)

اسم المؤلف: نور نوري عباس عبد الله
اسم المشرف: نضال حسين غايب
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية طب الاسنان - قسم تقويم الاسنان
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Elastomeric chains are one of the most commonly used force delivery systems. They have the ability to exert an interrupted force, convenience of use, compatibility to oral environment and cost effectiveness despite of the inherited disadvantage which is force degradation.This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effect of alcohol presence in mouthwashes on force degradation of different configurations of clear elastomeric chains from Ortho Technology company which are : closed, short and long under the effect of time at different intervals (Initial, 1day, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) with exposure to different chemical solutions.A total of (540) elastomeric chains of three different types (long, short and closed) transparent in color, with an initial length (19mm) and about 50% extension (29mm) were used for the study. These elastomeric chains was divided into four groups and exposed to different chemical solutions (Distilled water, Listerine Original alcoholic mouthwash, Listerine Zero alcohol mouth wash, Ethanol 26.9%) twice daily for 60 seconds each according to manufacturer's instructions to measure the amount of force degradation in different time intervals. These elastomeric chains were incubated in covered glass containers at 37C? for the entire testing period.The results of the present study showed that the elastomeric chains were greatly affected by time, the majority of force loss occurred after the first 24hr. then followed by a less steep gradient for the rest of the working period.We can conclude that alcoholic mouth wash (Listerine Original) causes an increase in force degradation of all types of elastomeric chains while alcohol free mouth wash (Listerine Zero) causes less force degradation of all types of elastomeric chains, additionally closed configuration elastomeric chains has the least percentage of force degradation than other configurations of elastomeric chains.

الحركة الوحشية للطاحن العلوي الاول باستخدام انواع مختلفة من الاجهزة مسبقة الصنع : دراسة مختبرية مقارنة == Distal Movement of Maxillary First Molar Using Different Types of Ready Made Appliances : An In Vitro Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: ليث عمر المولى
اسم المشرف: هند طاهر جرجيس
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية طب الاسنان - قسم تقويم الاسنان
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Maxillary molar distalization is an important method for correcting class II molar relationship.The important thing in the use the distalizing appliances is to reduce the patient cooperation with minimizing the effects of distalizing appliances on the anchoring teeth.Aims : The aim of this study is to compare three different intra - maxillary molar distalization devices with different designs , force direction. Other aims are to compare the effect of these devices on first permanent molars in mesiodistal , buccopalatal, rotational aspects. It aims also to compare the effect of these devices on the first premolar ( which is a part of anchoring system ).Materials and Methods : The samples consisted of three groups; Frog appliance, K - Loop spring and Multidistalizing arch on typodont simulation system (Ormaco). Upper typodont arch of class II division I was used.Pre and postoperative digital images were taken and analysed using AutoCAD software for each group, Six parameters was measured and compared ; first molar ( vertical change ,tipping change ,rotation, distalization rate) and first premolar (vertical change ,tipping change).A significant value of 0.05 was determined.Results : The results of present study showed that the multidistalizing arch gave rise a significant distal tipping, extrusion, distopalatal rotation of first molar and gave rise the highest mean value of first molar distalization rate. Also, gave rise a significant distal tipping and extrusion of first premolar.Frog appliance showed the lowest mean value of molar distalization rate ,distal tipping and rotation , in comparison with Multidistalizing arch (MDA) and K - Loop spring. Also, these parameters ranged between the highest and lowest mean value in extrusion of first molar , first premolar vertical change , Also showed lowest mean of distal tipping of first premolar than Multidistalizing arch (MDA).K - Loop spring ranged between the highest and lowest mean value distalization rate , distal tipping of first molar. Also, showed the lowest mean value in extrusion of first molar and extrusion of first premolar and rotation of first molar.However, The K - Loop spring show mesial tipping of first premolar in comparisom with (MDA) and Frog appliance that show distal tipping of first premolar.Conclusions : It is concluded that the three methods are effective in molar distalization. The best method of first molar distalization ranged between the K - Loop spring and Frog appliance. Consequently the two methods showed good amount of molar distalization with minimal effects on first molar and first premolar.

تاثير التدخين الخفيف على المستويات اللعابية لانزيم الفوسفاتيز القلوي والاوستيوكالسين لدى مرضى التهاب اللثة المزمن == Effects of Light Smoking On Salivary Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase And Osteocalcin In Chronic Periodontitis Patients

اسم المؤلف: لبابة عبد الصمد عبد الامير
اسم المشرف: باسمة غفوري علي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: امراض ما حول الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and it is common among adults. Smoking is an important risk factor for periodontitis that induces alveolar bone loss. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is involved in the destruction of the human periodontium. It is produced by many cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, osteoblasts, macrophages and fibroblasts within the area of the periodontium and gingival crevice. Osteocalcin is one of the most abundant matrix proteins found in bones and the only matrix protein synthesized exclusively there. Small osteocalcin fragments are found in areas of bone remodeling and are actually degradation products of the bone matrix.Aims of the study 1. Investigate whether light smoker chronic periodontitis patients exhibit different salivary concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and Osteocalcin compared to the non - smoker counterpart and compare to light smoker and nonsmoker control groups and 2.Correlate the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) to the biochemical findings in light smokers and non - smokers chronic periodontitis and control groups. 3. Estimation of the salivary PH and flow rate and correlate them with clinical periodontal and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods Five ml of unstimulated whole saliva samples and fullmouth clinical periodontal recordings (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were obtained from study groups (25 light smokers and 33 non - smokers subjects, both with chronic periodontitis) and control groups (8 light smokers and 13 non - smokers subjects, both with healthy periodontium). All subjects were systemically healthy males, with age range (30 - 50) years. Salivary Alkaline phosphatase and Osteocalcin levels were determined by Colorimetric and Enzyme - linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively. Salivary PH and flow rate were also measured.Results Smoker chronic periodontitis patients revealed non - significant differences in clinical periodontal parameters with non - smoker counterparts (P > 0.05) in terms of plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, salivary PH and flow rate, with slight increase in plaque index value in smoker chronic periodontitis group(1.42±0.46) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (1.38±0.50), while there was slight decrease in mean value of probing pocket depth (3.90±1.78), clinical attachment level (3.22±0.93) and PH (7.58±0.50) in smoker chronic periodontitis group than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (4.27±1.98), (3.74±0.85), (7.73±0.33) respectively. Flow rate value was higher in smoker chronic periodontitis (4.80±2.69) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (4.67±2.09). While there were highly significant differences in terms of gingival index and bleeding on probing (P ? 0.01). Osteocalcin levels were lower in smoker chronic periodontitis group (0.13±0.20) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (1.09±2.26) with significant difference (0.05 ? P > 0.01). Highly significant, strong, positive correlations were found between Osteocalcin concentration with plaque index and PH in non - smoker control group. Correlation analysis between Osteocalcin concentration and flow rate in smoker chronic periodontitis group revealed a significant, moderate, positive correlation.Mean of Alkaline phosphatase level was lower in smoker chronic periodontitis (11.14±4.53) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis (11.45±4.17) with a nonsignificant difference, while there was a significant difference in Alkaline phosphatase concentrations between smoker and non - smoker control subgroups.Correlation analysis between ALP concentration and clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) in chronic periodontitis smoker group appear non - significant, weak,negative and related non - significantly, weakly, positively with PH and flow rate. Clinical attachment level and PH correlated non - significantly, weakly, negatively with Alkaline phosphatase concentration, while plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and flow rate related non - significantly, weakly, positively with Alkaline phosphatase concentration in chronic periodontitis non - smoker group. There was a significant, moderate, negative correlation between salivary PH and bleeding on probing and significant, weak, negative correlation regarding probing pocket depth in smoker chronic periodontitis group.A significant, weak, positive correlation between salivary flow rate and clinical attachment level was found in non - smoker chronic periodontitis group.There were non - significant differences between smoker chronic periodontitis and smoker control groups in terms of salivary PH, flow rate, Osteocalcin and Alkaline phosphatase concentrations. There were non - significant differences between non - smoker chronic periodontitis and non - smoker control groups in terms of PH, flow rate, Osteocalcin and Alkaline phosphatase concentrations. There were non - significant, weak increase in Alkaline phosphatase concentration compared to the increase in Osteocalcin concentration in smoker and non - smoker chronic periodontitis and smoker control groups, while there was a nonsignificant, weak decrease in Alkaline phosphatase concentration with increase in Osteocalcin concentration in non - smoker control group. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that suppression of salivary Osteocalcin levels by smoking and weak increase in Alkaline phosphatase in smokers groups, may explain the deleterious effects of smoking on periodontal healthstatus.

تاثير انابيب الكاربون النانوية متعددة الجدران على الصلادة والتوصيلية الحرارية لمينا الاسنان == Effect of Multi - Wall Carbon Nano Tubes On The Microhardness And Thermal Conductivity of Dental Namel

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم جواد
اسم المشرف: عباس فاضل علي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الانسجة الفموية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of Multi - Wall Carbon Nano ubes(MWCNTs) of different concentration (0.05 mg/mL - 1, 0.25 mg/mL - 1, 0.5 mg/mL - 1and 1 mg/mL - 1) with on either (dimethyl sulphoxide DMSO and distilled water DW) on tooth enamel. It is intended to evaluate enamel microhardness in (Kg.m - 2) and enamel thermal conductivity before and after the application of (MWCNTs).Ninety mandubular first premolar were prepared for this study. They were divided into two groups. The first group contains 54 sample to measure the microhardness of the enamel. To overcome the teeth curvature in microhardness measurement, the position of indenter were optimized to coincide linear buccal surface. The second group contains 36 sample to measure the thermal conductivity of the enamel were prepared by cutting enamel part in triangle form with a base of 7. 5 mm , height of 9. 5 mm and thickness of 2 mm according to the requirements of the Fourier’s law by abrasive disk.The results enamel microhardness showed that a significant increase in the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity for groups 0.05 mg/mL (group B) , 0.25 mg/mL (group C ) , 0.5 mg/mL (group D ) and 1 mg/mL (group E ) compared with control group (group A ) in DW media and DMSO media. The results showed a significant increase in the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity for polished samples compared with unpolished samples in DW media and DMSO media. DMSO media increases the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity more effectively than DW media. Scanning electron microscope showed a significant deposition of MWCNTs in the depth of the enamel exceeding the surface layer. The polished specimens had more deposited MWCNTs compared with non - polished specimens. However, the nano dimensions with conjunction with pre - chemical treatment enabled the MWCNTs to penetrate and settle down inside the enamel.The final conclusion highest mean value obtained was 1 mg/mL (group E ) in the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity suspension in DW media and DMSO media.

دراسة لتحويرات نانوية مختلفة لسطح زرعة الاسنان من معدن التيتانيوم النقي تجاريا باستعمال الطريقة الكيميائية وطريقة التبخير الحراري : تقييم ميكانيكي ونسيجي == Study Different Nano Surface Modifications On CPTi Dental Implant Using Chemical And Thermal Evaporation Methods : Mechanical And Histological Evaluation

اسم المؤلف: بان ناهل شكر
اسم المشرف: رغداء كريم جاسم
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: صناعة الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Dental implants provide a unique treatment modality for the replacement of lost dentition. The clinical success of implants has been achieved not only because of the mechanical strength or cellent biocompatibility of the implant material but also owing to other characteristics such as surface properties.Aims of the study : The goal of this study was to consider the role of nanoscale topographic modification of commercial pure titanium dental implant using a thermal deposition and chemical etching methods for the purpose of improving osseointegration.Materials and methods : Commercial pure titanium rod was machined into 40 dental implants. Each implant was machined in diameter about 3mm, length of 8mm (5mm was threaded part and 3mm was flat part). Implants were prepared and divided into 4 groups according to the types of surface modification method used : 1st group (10 implant) machined surface i.e remained without nano surface modification (control),2nd group include (10 implant)etched with 15N H2SO4 and 30% H2O2,3rd group include (10 implant)were coated with nano CPTi powder by thermal evaporation deposition technique,4th group (10 implant)were chemically etched with H2SO4 and H2O2 method to obtain a nano feature then coated with nano powder of CPTi by thermal evaporation deposition technique.Nano surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Xray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), thickness measurement and microscopical examination for the invitro experiments. For the invivo part of study, the tibia of 10 white New Zealand rabbits were chosen as implantation sites. The tibia of each rabbit received two screws. Biomechanical test was performed after two weeks healing periods. Implants from eight animals were tested for the torque required to remove the implantfrom the bone and the other two animals were prepared for histological examination.Results : For invitro results, scanning electron microscope showed that chemical etching of Ti substrate becomes highly porous and has surface consisting of nano_sized pits and the combination of chemical etching and thermal evaporation of nano Ti showed nano rod like structure. The results of removal torque means value after 2 weeks of implantation showed that, there was a gradual increase in the removal torque mean values in the studied groups as a follow (M±SD) : 12.625 N.cm ± 0.517 machined surface, 30.500 N.cm ± 4.071 chemically etched, 46.875 N.cm ± 5.938 nano CPTi coating by thermal evaporation method, 51.250 N.cm ± 5.175 combination method of chemical etching and nano CP Ti coating. In addition, the histological analysis showed improved quality of bone in response to the nano surface modified screws, especially the combination treated implants show a well developed mature bone characterized by a well developed bony threads and haversian canal. Conclusion : The biomechanical and biological properties of the bone - implant interface associated with the nano modified implants were improved comparing to the unmodified implants. All nano modified CP Ti seems to be well tolerated by the bone since no adverse tissue reaction was evident and they have better mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility through the improved performance regarding the bone implant contact area than the untreated implants.

نقييم الالفا اميليز والكورتيزول في اللعاب كمؤشرين جيويين للتوتر النفسي وعلاقتها بامراض المفصل الصدغي بين عينة من طلاب كلية طب الاسنان == Assessment of Alpha - Amylase And Cortisol As Salivary Psychological Stress Markers In Relation To Temporomandibular Disorders Among A Sample of Dental Students

اسم المؤلف: سرمد قيس علي
اسم المشرف: رجاء هادي الجبوري
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : University dental students perceived a higher level of stress prior to each examation especially the final. Therefore, there is a need for a useful noninvasive biomarker for measuring acute stress in those students. Many studies considered salivary alpha - amylase as a stress biomarker that is most often used in conjunction with cortisol. Understanding of the exact association between these two salivary stress markers are poorly established. Using a Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction scoring index for temporomandibular disorders can give a better insight about the association between these markers and temporomandibular joint disorders.The aims of study : was to evaluate the levels of salivary alpha - amylase and salivary cortisol in stressed students with temporomandibular joint disorders and the differences between these markers in relation to temporomandibular joint disorders students. This might give a better understanding to the role of psychological stress as an etiological factors for developing temporomandibular joint problems.Subjects, materials and methods : A total eighty (60 study and 20 control) participants aged between 20 and 24 years, were recruited for this study. The participants were final year undergraduate Baghdad university dental students who were examined and gave saliva samples before their final academic examination. Those with temporomandibular joint disorders problems were exposed to psychological stress and included on the study. While, those who were taking corticosteroids or hormone supplementation including oral contraceptives, or having history of head injury, orthodontic treatment, occlusal disharmonies and muscle tenderness due to systemic diseases as fibromyalgia, or having more than 2 missing posterior teeth were excluded. Salivary assay kits (alpha - amylase and cortisol) were used to measure those variables and a Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction scoring for temporomandibular joint disorders were utilized in this study.Results : There is statistically a highly significant difference of the salivary cortisol and salivary alpha - amylase in the patient group( stress with temporomandibular joint disorders) and control group. The absence of correlation between these salivary markers was founded. Correlation analysis of salivary cortisol with Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction score shows positive association expressed by significant probability of error (p) value while for salivary alpha - amylase there is no association.Conclusion : This study demonstrates that salivary alpha amylase can be used as a stress biomarker in conjunction with cortisol to assess temporomandibular joint problems due to psychological stress in university students.

الظواهر الوجهية والفموية، عوامل الاكسدة ومضادات الاكسدة في مصل ولعاب مرضى فقر الدم البحر الابيض المتوسط نوع بيتا في مدينة كربلاء == Oro - Facial Manifestations, Oxidative Stress And Antioxidants Markers In Serum And Saliva of Patients With Beta Thalassemia Major In Karbala City

اسم المؤلف: مؤيد صاحب عباس شمسه
اسم المشرف: تغريد فاضل زيدان
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Thalassemia is a hereditary anemia resulting from defects in hemoglobin production. Beta Thalassemia, which is caused by a decrease in the production of beta globin chains, affects multiple organs and is ssociated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to study the oro - facial manifestations in beta thalassemia major patients and evaluation of the oxidative stress status in serum and saliva represented by malondialdehyde as xidative stress indicator and also assessment of serum and saliva antioxidants which are ceruloplasmin and uric acid in beta thalassemic patients with and without periodontitis and compared that with the healthy individuals in addition to investigate the relation between the clinical findings and laboratory investigations.Methods : Eighty seven (87) subjects were consented and contributed in this study, twenty eight (28) thalassemic patients with periodontitis, thirty (30) thalassemic patients without periodontitis and twenty nine (29) healthy subjects that were age matched with the patients. Oral examination has been done for each subject. Serum and saliva sample have been taken from each subject for analysis, to study malondialdehyde as oxidative stress and antioxidants ceruloplasmin and uric acid.Results : Malocclusion was the most common prevalent oro - facial manifestations (60%), followed by rodent face (35%), brown pigmentation of oral mucosa (23%) and incompetent lip (8%). The mean serum and saliva malondialdehyde were significantly higher in thalassemic patients with periodontitis than that in thalassemic patients without periodontitis and healthy subjects (p<0.001), while the mean serum and saliva ceruloplasmin were significantly higher in control group than that in other study groups (p<0.001). The mean serum uric acid was significantly higher in thalassemic patients without periodontitis than that in thalassemic patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects (p<0.001) and the mean saliva uric acid was significantly higher in thalassemic patients without periodontitis (p<0.05) compaired with thalassemic patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. The results of this study showed that there were no significant correlation between serum and saliva malondialdehyde in any of study groups, while there was a positive significant linear correlation between serum and saliva ceruloplasmin in thalassemic patients with periodontitis (p<0.05), a negative significant linear correlation in healthy subjects (p<0.05) , a positive significant linear correlation in thalassemic patients without periodontitis (p<0.001). The results showed that there was a positive significant linear correlation between serum and saliva uric acid in thalassemic patients with periodontitis (p<0.05), a positive significant correlation in thalassemic patients without periodontitis (p<0.001) and no significant correlation between serum and saliva in healthy subjects. On the other hand there were no significant correlation between serum and saliva (malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin and uric acid) and clinical attachment loss (p>0.05), except a positive significant linear correlation between clinical attachment loss and salivamalondialdehyde (p<0.05) was found. Conclusions : Malocclusion was the most prevalent oro - facial manifestations of beta thalassemia major patients. Oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of beta thalassemia ,which was the main cause of red blood cells destruction represented by significant elevation of serum and saliva malondialdehyde and significant reduction of ceruloplasmin. Also oxidative stress remain contributing factor in periodontal tissue destruction, which was appeared as a significant increased level of saliva malondialdehyde and decreased saliva ceruloplasmin in patients with periodontitis and there was a significant correlation between saliva malondialdehyde and clinical attachment loss

التقييم النسيجي والكيمائي النسيجي المناعي لتاثير الاستخدام على VEGF/ N - acetyl D - glucosamine الموضعي ل شفاء العظم : دراسة تجريبية على الجرذان == Histological And Immunohistochemical Evaluation of The Effect of Local Exogenous Application of VEGF /N - Acetyl D - Glucosamine On Bone Healing : (Experimental Study In Rats)

اسم المؤلف: ایناس فاضل كاظم
اسم المشرف: عذراء يحيى الحجازي
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الانسجة الفموية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue has been shown to contain numerous cell - to - cell signaling peptides called growth factors. These growth factors are thought to have important regulating effects for bone remodeling and bone healing. Several growth factors are expressed during fracture repair. of these, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is of particular interest because of its ability to induce neovascularization (angiogenesis). The responses to exogenous VEGF observed that a slow - release formulation of VEGF, applied locally at the site of bone damage, may prove to be an effective therapy to promote human bone repair. N - acetyl glucosamine is a monosaccharide, which are the derivatives of carbohydrates, it helps the body in making several other chemical agents which are used in the formation of bones, muscles and cartilages.N - acetylglucosamine is very effective in providing support for the skeletal system of the humans, and may provide strength to the ligaments and joints, and the skin remains fresh and glowing. Aims of study1. To identify role of local exogenous application of vascular endothelial growth factor and application of N - acetyl - D glucose amine as a biomaterial in bone healing.2. To analyze the expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor, tissue non specific ALP and bone matrix protein (collagen - 1) by immunohistochemistry in created bone defect after application with different biomaterials in a rat model. Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study fifty four male Albino rats, weighting (300 - 400) gram, aged (6 - 8) months were used and maintained under control conditions of temperature, drinking and food consumption. The animals were subjected for a surgical operation of medial sides of both tibial bone ( right side was considered as experimental site ,while left be the control one). The animals were divided into following groups according to the applicable growth factors.A. Contol group the bone defect treated with 1?m of normal saline and its number represented the all number of the following experimental groups as the left side of each animal considered to be the control.B. Experimental group includes ? Group I contains (18) rats, the bone defect treated with 1?ml of Vascular endothelial growth factor. ? Group II contains (18) rats the bone defect treated with 1?ml of Nacetyl D - glucosamine.? Group III contains (18) rats, the bone defect treated with 1?m combination of (VEGF& N - acetyl D - glucosamine).Every single group composed of 18 rats that studied in three periods 3,7,10 days (6 rats for each period). Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation for VEGF, alkaline phosphatase and collagen type 1 were carried for all animals.Results : A. For Histological findings An early apposition of osteoid tissue was detected in VEGF group. Osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast cells count were demonstrated to be with high mean value in VEGF group followed by N - acetyl Dglucosamine group in periods 3,7,10 days post operative of bone defect.Inflammatory phase as first step in bone healing was detected in all study groups at 3 day, and combination group records highest value in the mean of inflammatory cell count in comparisum to others. Finally thestudy demonstrated that exogenous VEGF/ N - acetyl D - glucosamine has a direct effect on osteoblastic activity.B. For Immunohistochemical findings The present result showed positive expression of VEGF by bone marrow stromal cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, precursor endothelial cells, and bone cells include osteoblasts and active osteocytes in different periods in all groups but in different score. Therefore, our primarily data provide evidence that VEGF activity is essential for appropriate bone formation and mineralization in response to injury. At day 3, bone marrow stromal cells in combination group records highVEGF expression, VEGF group is the second. At 7 and 10 day VEGF group records a highest VEGF expression in comparisum to other groups. The data showed a high expression for ALP during the formative stages of bone in all groups except combination group shows the lowest count for positive cells that expressed ALP.the present results showed that at day 3, bone marrow stromal cells in VEGF and N - acetyl D - glucosamine group records high collagen type I expression. Conclusion : the study demonstrated that low application of VEGF / Nacetyl D - glucosamine could be an effective therapeutic for bone injuries, these data are promising for a possible future clinical usage.

Assessment of The Oral Findings, Salivary Oxidative Status And Iga Level Among Group of Workers Exposed To Petroleum Pollutants In Al - Daura Oil Refinery

اسم المؤلف: امير سعد حمزة
اسم المشرف: Jamal Noori Ahmed
الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاسنان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Petroleum is perhaps the most important substance consumed in modern society. Petroleum is unique and s a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. Oil refinery workers are continuously exposed to numerous hazardous materials and working conditions that place them at continuous risk of injury and death.Petroleum contains the heavy metals as a natural constituent or as additives. The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. Several carcinogenic metals such as arsenic, cobalt, chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel induce redox reactions in living systems. These metals induce the production of reactive oxygen species in both in vivo and in vitro systems. These radicals have rendered oxidative damage to deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins, and lipids. Secretory immunoglobulin A is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions from the tear glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, the respiratory system, the genito - urinary tract, and the gastrointestinal tract.Aims of the study Assessment of the salivary levels of heavy metals among the workers of Al - Daura oil refinery, assessment of the oxidative status in the oral cavity of the workers by measurement of Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase markers,assessment of the oral immunological activity by measurement of secretory immunoglobulin A level in saliva and Assessment of the oral findings among the workers.Subjects, Materials and Methods This study was done in Al - Daura oil refinery, samples consist of 60 workers involved in refining processes as study group subdivided into three subgroups which represent the different sections in the refinery and 20 subjects not involved in refining processes as control group. Oral examination and saliva collection was done to assess the oral findings and measure the level of heavy metals (lead and cadmium), oxidative status (Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase) and secretory IgA.Results The mean of salivary lead and cadmium was higher in study group (6.34 ?g/dl and 0.56 ?g/l respectively) than that of control group (3.3?g/dl and 0.34 ?g/l respectively) with highly significant difference (p

مستخلصات الشاي تاثيرها الذاتي او الاضافي على حياة خلايا السرطان : دراسة داخل وخارج الانبوب == Herbal Tea : Its Own Or Additive Effect On The Survival Of Cancer Cell Line : An In Vitro And Ex Vivo Study

اسم المؤلف: هدى غسان حميد
اسم المشرف: مروان صالح النمر | ناهي يوسف ياسين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الطب - قسم الفارماكولوجي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في فرع الفارماكولوجي في كلية الطب في الجامعة المستنصرية بالتعاون مع مركز ابحاث السرطان والوراثة\الجامعةالمستنصرية خلال الفترة من شهر كانون الثاني - شهراب لسنة 2014. الدراسة اقرت من قبل مجلس كلية الطب. صممت هذه الدراسة لتوضيح فعالية نبات ا | This study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology at College of Medicine with incorporation of the Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research at Al - Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq during 2014. This study was designed to elucidate the anti - cancer effect of Camellia sinensis by using four types of tea (black, green, white and oolong). Two experimental cancer models applied in this study; cancer cell lines (In vitro) and mice - bearing tumor (ex vivo). Several methodological and extracted aqueous and organic solvents were used to extract the tea. Microwave assisted extraction using distilled water as a solvent is applied in this study as the yield of bioactive substances are higher than other methods and organic solvents. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the quantification of total flavonoids, total polyphenolic compound (bioflavanoids), total flavonols, reducing power, and proanthocyanidines. The scavenging property against reactive nitrogen species also was studied. The result showed that the different tea types contain approximately the same quantity of phenolic compounds; the only significant difference was in the proanthocyanidins level, which is a class of flavanols, found in high quantity in green tea compared with other tea extracts. Moreover, a significant scavenging property of peroxynitrite radical observed with all tea extracts. The extracts of black, green and oolong tea prevented or halted nitric oxide generation whereas the white extract tea promoted its generation, that is, a nitric oxide donor. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of Camellia sinensis in form of black, green, white and oolong tea was evaluated against four different types of cell lines. These are the AMN3 mammary cell carcinoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, HeLa cells and Rat embryo fibroblast cells). The results showed greater effect of green and black tea over white tea and oolong tea against mammary cell carcinoma while the results of rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, which is an aggressive cancer cell, revealed a significant inhibitory effect of the growth of these cells by white and oolong tea extracts. All four types show almost equal percent of growth inhibition on HeLa cell line with the white tea been the most significant. A significant inhibitory effect of all tea extracts against the growth of rat embryo fibroblast cells indicated that the cytotoxic effect of the Camellia sinensis extended to normal cells and not specific to cancer cell. In addition, the antitumor effect of tea extracts was investigated (ex vivo) on BALB - c mice bearing - tumor. The volume, shape and color of the tumor masses were examined, in addition to measurement of the tissue malondialdehyde level as a biomarker of the lipid peroxidation, total tumor protein measurement and a histopathological study were done. The white tea showed antitumor effect by attenuating all the biomarkers of tumorogenesis. Herbal tea extracts induced DNA damage in term of separation the double strands molecule of calf thymus double stands DNA and human genomic DNA which may partly explained anti - cancer effect. We concluded that white tea extract is a promising nutrient that ameliorates the histopathological changes in mice bearing mammary tumor via generation reactive oxygen species by the evidence of activation lipid peroxidation process. Camellia sinensis plant can induce non harmful effect on DNA

تاثيرات استخدام عقار الفيراباميل وعقار السايكلوسبورين في حالة اعتلال عضلة القلب الناتج من استخدام عقار الدوكسوروبسين : في الفئران المختبرية == Effects Of Verapamil,Labetalol And Cyclosporine Use In The Condition Of Cardiotoxicity Resulted From Doxorubicin Use : Animal Model Study

اسم المؤلف: محـمد عبد العزيز محـمد
اسم المشرف: حيدر مطير خليل القريشي | خالد جمعة خليل
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الطب - قسم الفارماكولوجي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Doxorubicin is a member of anthracycline antibiotic that widely used in the treatment of different types of cancer such as hematological malignances, solid tumors, and different organ tumors, doxorubicin is very efficient in the treatment of cancer. But the use of doxorubicin is limited by the side effect of doxorubicin on the same organ, the most important organ that affected by doxorubicin is the heart, the toxicity of doxorubicin in the heart, the use of doxorubicin due to the cardiotoxicity that induced by doxorubicin will lead to cardiomyopathy and in the final result of these cardiotoxicity lead to congestive heart failure that occurred secondary to the cardiotoxicity may appear after long period of termination of treatment by doxorubicin.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study its investigate the possible modulation effect of drugs (verapamil, cyclosporine, labetalol) on the cardiotoxicity that induced by doxorubicin drug. Animals and methods forty Dwale - Spargue male rats where enrolled in this study, the animals divided into groups, (5) rats in each group and assigned as I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII.Group I : received physiological saline (5ml/kg), orally, daily for ten days and served as the control.Group II : received a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal and was sacrificed after 48 hours which served as doxorubicin group.Group III : received verapamil (5mg/kg), orally daily for ten days and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal were given.Group IV : received cyclosporine (0.5mg/kg), orally daily for ten days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was given.Group V : received cyclosporine (1mg/kg), orally daily for ten days ,and on day eight ,one hour after drug administration a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg),intraperitoneal was given. Group VI : received both of verapamil (5mg/kg,orally) and cyclosporine (0.5mg/kg,orally) one hour apart, daily for ten days ,and on day eight, one hour after drug administration ,a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal was given.Group VII : received labetalol (0.5mg/kg), orally daily for ten days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was given. Group VIII : received labetalol (1mg/kg, orally),daily for ten days ,and on day eight ,one hour after drug administration ,a single dose of doxorubicin (15mg/kg), intraperitoneal was given.Serum MDA, LDH, Troponin I, and interleukine - 17. Were measured and histopathological changes also viewed?ResultsThe results in this study showed an increase in the cardiac biomarkers in the doxorubicin group compared to the control group, the cardiac biomarkers that measured are LDH, MDA, Troponin I, interleukine - 17. Also the results showed histopathalogical changes in cardiac tissue in doxorubicin group as compared to the control group, also the results showed the pre - treatment with verapamil, cyclosporine low dose, cyclosporine high dose, combination of verapamil and cyclosporine low dose, labetalol low dose, labetalol high dose showed decreasing in the cardiac biomarkers MDA, LDH, Troponin I, interleukine - 17 to a significant amount compared to the doxorubicin group, also showed histopathlogical improvement in cardiac tissue. Conclusions Doxorubicin drug used as antineoplastic agent will produce a toxic effect on the cardiac tissue, this toxic effect will limit the use of doxorubicin, cyclosporine, labetalol and verapamil produced differential effects and protection from Doxorubicin induced cardio toxicity via amelioration of cardiac biomarkers and histopathological changes

تقييم نظام المعلومات الصحي في العراق == Assessment Of The National Health Information System In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ثائر عيسى مراد
اسم المشرف: مازن غازي جاسم الربيعي | امجد داود نيازي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعتبر الاحصائيات الصحية الرصينة ضرورة لاتخاذ القرارات السليمة في كل مستويات النظام الصحي. ولكن في الحقيقة ان نظم المعلومات الصحية في معظم البلدان تعتبر غير كافية لتوفير المعلومات اللا زمة لدعم الادارة الصحية ولهذا فان معظم النظم الحالية تعتبر كعائق اداري | Sound health statistics are essential for health decision - making at all levels of the health system. Unfortunately, health information systems in most countries are inadequate in providing the needed management support and the current systems are therefore widely seen as management obstacles rather than as tools, the current study is an attempt to assess the health information system in Iraq with recognizing the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in addition to assessment of the structure and performance of this system; it also attempts to assess the behavioral, technical and organizational determinants affecting the health information system performance. A cross - sectional study was conducted for the assessment process and the levels of the assessment included the ministry of health (national level), the health directorates (provincial level), the districts related to the health directorates reaching to the health centers level, as well as the hospitals related to the health directorates, in addition to the ministry of planning and the ministry of interior. In addition to ministry of health (central level) a total of six governorates were selected by simple random sampling including the capital Baghdad with a seven districts were selected from those governorates also by simple random sampling and a total of twenty six health centers were selected from those districts, as well a total of seven hospitals were included in the study from all governorate and they were selected according to convenience. The interview has been done by using the health metrics network assessment tool version 4, in addition to a complementary assessment tools which are the PRISM package tools that were used at the district and primary health center levels. Based on the data collected and according to the health metric network assessment tool findings the overall health information system has laid in the adequate state (65.96%) with most of its comprising components function poorly. Data dissemination and use and data management categories were the weakest with a score of 50% and 53.3% respectively, while for the resources category it was found to be adequate 63.3%, and for that of HIS indicators, data sources and information product categories they were 73.3%, 66% and 69.6% respectively. For that of the PRISM tools and the findings obtained by them from the collected data the results revealed that a low data quality in term of accuracy with 29.03% at the facility level and 55.35% at the district level, while the completeness rate was excellent with a score 96.38% at the facility level and 98.23% at the district level, for that of the timeliness it was 70.43% timeliness at the district level. The information use for a given feedback at the facility was 50% and at the district was 82.12% and for observed meeting records it was 50% for the facility and 41.6% for the district level. For that of the functionality a 34.61and 67.30% of the facilities reported having a reminder mechanism for data completeness process and meeting a deadline for submitting monthly reports respectively, Data analysis was better at the district 85.71% than at the facility 81.7%, Data display were present in all of the facilities and districts. For the technical determinant the results showed 57%, 85.7%, 71.4% and 100% of the district respondents felt that the form is complex and difficult to follow, data software is a user - friendly, information technology is easy to manage and a comprehensive picture of the health system performance is captured by the system respectively,85.7% believed that the information system collecting information from some vertical programs and one district reported of no collection at all, in addition to that 100% reported the absence of a software that integrates data from different information systems and the available information technology doesn&#39;t provide full access procedure to district and senior managers. Regarding the behavioral determinants the results revealed that overall mean confidence for the information system tasks is 69.41% while for that of the task competence the overall mean competence level is 37.1%. Knowledge of checking data quality, knowledge of health information system rationale and problem solving showed results of 35.32% 37.68% and 2.98% respectively, and that of motivation level was 43.4%. Organizational determinants results revealed that the management functions at facility and district levels were almost absent, while for the perceived promotion of a culture of information it showed a total score of 63.96% and rewarding for a good performance was 56.83%. The activities for promotion of a culture of information are a 25% at the facility level and 28.75% at the district level. And that of supervision quality at the facility were (72.80%). Availability of resources revealed that 100% of the facilities have two or more computers and calculators respectively while only 57.7% have an internet access. Access to the electricity and water supply is very high, No facility reported of running out in registers in the last 12 months. Finally, the current study shows the importance for the need of further attention to be drawn to HIS, in addition to that, increasing the awareness and well coordinated efforts that need to be done to overcome weaknesses and to provide a well functioning HIS enabling for evidence based decision making and action provision in the health system.

تقييم استخدام الروزوفاستاتين والتلميسرتان في حالة تسمم عضلة القلب الحاد المحدث من استخدام الدوكسوروبيسيبن في الجرذان المختبرية == Evaluation The Usage Of Rosuvastatin And Telmisartan In Doxorubicin Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity In Rats

اسم المؤلف: ايهاب اياد احمد
اسم المشرف: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | خالد جمعة خليل
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الطب - قسم الفارماكولوجي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لتقييم التاثيرالعلاجي لاستخدام الروزوفاستاتين والتلمسارتان في التقليل من سمية القلب المحدثة من عقار الدوكسوروبسين في الجرذان المختبريةباستخدام الطرق الكيميائية الحيوية والنسيجية ومقارنة تاثير الاستخدام المزدوج بفعالية استخدام كل م | Background : Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic is a powerful antineoplastic drug, but its therapeutic usefulness is limited by its cardiotoxicity. Aim of the study : The present study investigated the influence of pretreatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan alone or in combination in different doses on doxorubicin induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats using biochemical and histological approaches. Materials and methods : The animals were divided into eight groups of 5 animals each. The first group received no drug(s) po but a single dose of distilled water (7.5 ml/kg, ip) on day eight, which serves as the control group. The second group received no drug(s) po but a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) on day eight, and serves as doxorubicin only received group. The third and sixth group received rosuvastatin (2 , 10) mg/kg/day respectively for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. The fourth and seventh group received telmisartan (2 , 4) mg/kg/day respectively for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. The fifth and eighth group received both drugs, where the fifth group received both of rosuvastatin (2 mg/kg, po) and telmisartan (2 mg/kg, po), 1 hour apart, daily for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. While the eighth group received both of rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg, po) and telmisartan (4 mg/kg, po), 1 hour apart, daily for nine successive days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given.At day ten of the study, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis, then animals were sacrificed and hearts were taken for histopathological observations. Results : Rats treated with doxorubicin showed cardiotoxicity as evidenced by significant elevation of serum cardiac troponin (CTn - I) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and interluekine 17 (IL - 17) level associated with important histopathological alterations while pre - treatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan elicited a significant decrease in the activities of all markers measured in comparison with doxorubicin treated group with pronounced resolution of Dox induced cardiac histological changes to a milder picture.Conclusion : These results suggest pretreatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan alone or in combination provide a significant protective effect against acute - doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats represented by biochemical markers and histological approaches.

مستوى الدلائل الكيمياحياتية ومعاملات الاورام في التمييز بين سائل الاستسقاء السرطاني الخبيث وسائل الاستسقاء غير السرطاني == The Level Of Biochemical Parameters And Tumour Markers In The Differentiation Between Malignant From Non - Malignant Ascitic Fluid

اسم المؤلف: عبد الله علي محمد
اسم المشرف: ناصر محمد فهد الربيعي | رباح هياب سريح
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية السريرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الطب - قسم الكيمياء الحياتية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الاستسقاء هو مصطلح يطلق على الجهاز الهضمي لتراكم السوائل في التجويف البريتوني (البطني) الناجمة عن كل من الامراض غير الخبيثة مثل تليف الكبد، والتهاب الصفاق السلي... الخ، والامراض الخبيثة مثل سرطان غشاء البطن المنتشر، وسرطان الثدي وسرطان المبيض. لقد تم | Ascites is a gastroenterological term for an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity caused by both non - malignant disease such as cirrhosis, tuberculous peritonitis..etc, and by malignant disease such as metastatic adenocarcinoma, breast cancer and ovarian cancer. The work in this thesis was done to evaluate the role of the multiple biochemical parameters and group of tumour markers in the differentiation between malignant ascites from non - malignant ascites. A number of parameters were obtained from (60) sixty patients : (30) thirty with malignant ascites and (30) thirty with non - malignant ascites (as controls), all patients admitted to the department of gastroenterology in Medical City - Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Oncology Teaching Hospital and Al - Amal Hospital between December 2013 and July 2014. The biochemical parameters and tumour markers which have been measured in the present study included : total protein, albumin, uric acid, calcium(Ca++), carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA19 - 9), cancer antigen(CA15 - 3), cancer antigen(CA125) and ? - human chorionic gonadotropin (? - hCG).The statistical analysis for the data obtained in the present study showed : 1 - Highly significant increase of CA15 - 3, ? - hCG and ascitic fluid/serum (A/S) total protein ratio in malignant ascitic fluid while there is significant decrease of serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) and serum ascites cholesterol gradient (SACG) in malignant ascites compared with non - malignant ascites patients (p<0.0005, p<0.0005, p<0.05, p<0.0005 and p<0.005 respectively). Thus the level of these parameters in ascitic fluid could be used as a good parameters in differentiation between malignant ascites from non - malignant ascites patients.2 - Significant increase in serum CA15 - 3 and ? - hCG level in malignant ascites patients compared to non - malignant ascites (p<0.05 and p<0.0005 respectively). 3 - Significant increase of CEA, CA19 - 9, total protein, albumin, uric acid and Ca++ level in ascitic fluid of malignant ascites patients compared to non - malignant ascites (p<0.0005, p<0.005, p<0.005, p<0.005, p<0.05 and p<0.05 respectively), thus the level of these parameters in ascitic fluid could be used as a helpful parameters in differentiation between malignant ascites from non - malignant ascites patients. 4 - Significant increase in serum of CEA, CA19 - 9, albumin, uric acid and Ca++ level in malignant ascites patients compared to non - malignant ascites (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05 and p<0.05 respectively) while there is no significant differences in serum total protein level of malignant ascites compared to non - malignant ascites (p>0.05). 5 - CA125 level in ascitic fluid and serum of malignant ascites patients shows no significant increase compared to non - malignant ascites (p>0.05 and p>0.05 respectively), therefor CA125 test in ascitic fluid cannot be used as a parameter in differentiation between malignant ascites from non - malignant ascites patients.CA15 - 3, ? - hCG, (A/S) total protein ratio, SAAG and SACG can be considered as a good parameters in differentiation of malignant from non - malignant ascites, while CEA, CA19 - 9, total protein, albumin,Ca++ and uric acid level in spite of their increase in malignant ascitic fluid but this increase is not considered as a diagnostic factor and can be used as a helpful parameters in the differentiation between malignant from non - malignant ascites. CA125 has no useful role in diagnosis or differentiation between malignant from non - malignant ascites.

هرمون اللبتين والاستقلاب : دراسة كيميانسيجية وكيمياحيوية شاملة في الحيوانات الطبيعية والمصابة بالسكري == Leptin And The Metabolism : A Comprehensive Histochemical And Biochemical Study In Healthy And Diabetic Animals

اسم المؤلف: سامح سمیر موسى عكیلة
اسم المشرف: سلمان شفیق سلمان | سامیة عباس علیوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التشريح والانسجة والاجنة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The adipocytokine leptin is a major player in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and obesity. Since its discovery around 20 years ago, leptin has been; and still is; the subject of extensive research.The current study was designed to examine the effects of physiological doses of leptin on major organs involved in metabolism. The anatomical, histochemical, physiological, and biochemical effects of leptin were studied in healthy animals and in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Eighty male albino mice were divided into three groups. The first group (A) consisted of healthy non - obese non - diabetic animals, a subgroup (A1) of which received leptin therapy to study its effects under normal conditions without metabolic disturbances. In the second group (B), a model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance was developed using a combination of high fat diet and low dose streptozocin injection. In one subgroup (B1), the effects of leptin were studied under dietary manipulation after the discontinuation of high fat diet. In other subgroups, leptin effects were examined with continuous HFD with (B3) and without (B2) concomitant metformin therapy. The third group animals (C) represented a type 1 DM model developed by high dose streptozocin injection. A subgroup (C3) served as model control, not receiving any hormonal therapy. The others two subgroups received leptin treatment with (C2) and without (C1) concomitant insulin therapy.Statistical parameters for the study included the body weight, food and caloric consumption, adiposity index and specific organ weights and weight ratios. The epididymal fat pad, liver and pancreas were examined for gross anatomical and histological changes. Adipose tissue and some pancreatic sections were stained with H&E, liver sections were stained with periodic acid schiff stain, other pancreatic sections were stained with modified Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin. Random blood sugar and serum lipid levels and insulin tolerance test were also studied as biochemical parameters.Leptin therapy in healthy non - obese animals resulted in a reduction in food consumption, body weight, adiposity index and white fat pads weight. It also caused a reduction in the diameter and surface area of epididymal adipocytes. Serum TGL and LDL levels were significantly reduced. iiiThe same effects were seen in group B animals that underwent dieting or received metformin, but not in ones receiving leptin alone. Animal models of type 1 DM showed a moderate response to leptin therapy alone but the response was dramatically enhanced when treatment was combined with insulin. Sever weight loss and polyphagia of type 1 DM were greatly ameliorated by leptin therapy and there was an improvement in fat pad weights and adipocyte measurements. The hepatic glycogen content and insulin sensitivity were greater in animals treated with leptin (A1), on diet and leptin (B1) or metformin (B3) and in animals on leptin with insulin (C1). This was associated with significantly lower levels of random blood sugar. The pancreatic islet surface area was markedly reduced while the ? - cell/ ? - cell ratio was increased in treated animals.Leptin therapy can alter body weight and adiposity index by affecting appetite and food consumption via central and peripheral mechanisms involving the control of feeding behavior and manipulating the processes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It can also correct the metabolic disturbances of type 2 DM but requires the concomitant use of metformin and/or the manipulation of dietary content of fat and carbohydrates. Much of its influence arises from its ability to enhance insulin sensitivity.Leptin also has a sparing effect on hepatic glycogen, favoring in turn the use of fatty acids for energy expenditure. Leptin effects on blood glucose are insulin dependent in most cases but can be insulin - independent in type 1 DM by utilizing alternative metabolic pathways for energy expenditure and interacting with hyperglycemia - inducing hormones.

ظهور المؤشرات في الثدي الطبيعي المحيط بسرطان الثدي في عينة من النساء العراقيات

اسم المؤلف: احمد فاخر حميد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التشريح والانسجة والاجنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم دور مؤشرات حيوية مختارة لدى مرضى التصلب المتعدد == Assessment Of The Role Of Selected Biomarkers In Multiple Sclerosis Patients

اسم المؤلف: ميساء نجاح امين
اسم المشرف: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | سرمد عبد الرسول الماشطة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - المناعة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: التصلب المتعدد (MS) هو من امراض الجهاز العصبي المركزي الاكثر شيوعا الذي يسبب الاعاقه الدائمه لدى الشباب البالغين. بناء على ادلة غير مباشرة قوية، يعتبر مرض التصلب المتعدد اضطراب المناعة الذاتية لعضو محدد ولكن لا يزال هناك الكثير يجب ان يفهم عن كيفيه نشوء ا | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disease of the central nervous system that causes permanent disability in young adults. Based on strong circumstantial evidence, MS is considered to be an organ - specific autoimmune disorder, but much remains to be understood about the initiation of the disease. It seems unlikely that MS results from a single causative event, but rather the disease develop in a genetically susceptible population as a result of environmental exposures. The present study was planned to determine the serum levels of IL - 17A, IL - 21 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) in patients and control subjects by a sandwich ELISA test using commercially available kits. Vitamin D total was measured in a group of patients and control subjects by cobas e 411 analyzers which is an automated multichannel analyzer for immunological analysis by the use of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology.Forty Iraqi MS patients attending the Consultation Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis / Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period January 2013 - July 2013 were recruited for this study. For the purpose of comparison, 40 control subjects matched by age and gender were also included.The mean serum level of MOG in patient and control (554.85 vs. 315.20pg/ml) and IL - 17A (11.42 vs. 8.33pg/ml) was significantly higher in MS patients as compared to controls, while the mean serum level of IL - 21 (176.164 vs. 75.714pg/ml) was not significantly higher in MS patients as compared to controls. The mean serum level of vitamin D (n=20) (10.38 vs. 13.06ng/ml) was not significantly lower in MS patients as compared to controls. There was a positive correlation between MOG with IL - 17A and between MOG with IL - 21. These results might illustrate the synergism of action between antibody and T cell response in MS patients. A positive correlation was also detected between IL - 17A and IL21 in MS patients.A significant negative correlation was detected between Vitamin D with MOG. A negative correlation was recorded between Vitamin D and IL - 17A in patients. Also negative correlation was recorded between vitamin D and IL - 21 in MS patients. In conclusion, higher level of IL - 17A and MOG in MS serum indicates an important role of this cytokine and MOG as an auto antigen in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and demyelination process, so they could be considered as a good biomarkers for diagnosis and considered as a target for future therapy.

تقييم sFas ligand, sFas وcaspase - 3 في المرضى المصابين بمرض ابيضاض الدم النقياني المزمن == Assessment Of Soluble Fas, Soluble Fas Ligand And Caspase - 3 In Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

اسم المؤلف: سحر راضي ياسر
اسم المشرف: ميسون علي سليم | بسام فرنسيس متي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - المناعة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ابيضاض الدم النقياني المزمن هو اضطراب التكاثر النقي النسيلي للخلايا الجذعية ويتميز بواسطة فلادلفيا كروموسوم وهو انتقال متبادل بين كروموسوم 9 و22. الجين المسرطن المتحد الجديد المتولد على كروموسوم 22 كنتيجة للانتقال يسمى BCR - ABL gene. في اغلبية المرضى, هذ | Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of the haemopoietic stem cell, defined by the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) - reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The novel fusion oncogenes generated on chromosome 22 as a result of this translocation are called BCR - ABL gene. In the majority of patients, this oncogene transcribes a 210 - kDa constitutively active protein tyrosine kinase, often referred to as p210BCR - ABL, which is necessary for the transformation of the disease. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) - imatinib mesylate (IM) - marked a major advance in CML treatment in terms of efficacy and tolerability and has now become the first line of therapy. In CML, besides genetic change during which a normal cell is transformed into a malignant one, evasion of apoptosis (programm cell death PCD) is one of the essential changes in a cell that cause malignant transformation. So ‘Evading apoptosis’ has been recognized as one of the six hallmarks of cancers, as reduced apoptosis or its resistance plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. Soluble receptors (sFas) that act as decoys, binding FasL and preventing association with transmembrane Fas. So production of sFas in tumor patients may be a key mechanism to inhibit Fas - mediated apoptosis. Soluble FasL competes with the membrane - bound counterpart; however, it can act even as an antagonist preventing apoptosis induction by the membrane integrated form of the ligand. Recently, caspase - 3 has been demonstrated to play an important role in determining the cellular sensitivity to diverse apoptotic stimuli, also it is involved in a number of non - apoptotic events. So the aims of the study were to estimate the level of serum sFas, sFas ligand & caspase - 3 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia at time of diagnosis (newly diagnosed), then after receiving imatinib myselate treatment with optimal response and compare them with healthy control. It was a prospective study, included 56 Iraqi CML patients (25 were males and 31 were females with Age ranged from 15 - 78 years) attending to Baghdad teaching hospital/hematology department between November 2012 up to June 2013, were categorized by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) for Ph chromosome into two stages, newly diagnosed CML patients (FISH Ph cells result ? 90% ) not received any treatment and optimally treated (complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) = FISH Ph cells result < 1% or by major molecular response (MMoR) = BCR - ABL : ABL ?0.10% by International Scale, on RT - Q - PCR) with imatinib mesylate 400 mg/day at least 1 year. Then used an ELISA technique to assess serum level of sFas, sFas Ligand (sFasL) & Caspase - 3 for each patients of CML, and compared them with 28 apparently healthy volunteers used as control. The controls were age and sex matched with the patients, they were not taken medication and with no history of chronic illness and/or acute infection. As well as, they were nonsmoker and nondrinker. For patients the inclusion criteria including all patients were free of fever and other chronic illness such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and infection; also they had no history of smoking and drinking of alcohol. And the exclusion criteria including patients suffering from any chronic, debilitating disease and other blood disorders were not taken.The observed results revealed the following : ? Patients were included in the study, male : female ratio was 0.8 : 1with mean age 42.6± 14.0.? The mean± SD serum of sFas levels (pg/ml) for the newly diagnosed and optimally responded of CML was 1163.6±231.5 and 1021.7±360.6 respectively.? The mean± SD serum of sFas Ligand levels (pg/ml) for the newly diagnosed and optimally responded of CML was 216.9±165.7 and 147.7±91 respectively. ? The median serum of Caspase - 3 (ng/ml) for the newly diagnosed and optimally treated cases was 0.421 and 0.361 respectively. ? The mean± SD serum of sFas and sFas Ligand levels (pg/ml) for the healthy group was 970.1±361.7, 152.5±98 consequently. The median serum of Caspase - 3 (ng/ml) for the healthy group was 0.314.? Serum sFas level was increased in newly diagnosed compare with optimal responder and healthy control group. Also serum sFas level in optimal responder group was increase when compared with healthy control group. The differences observed were no statistical significance (P=0.09).? Serum sFasL level was increased in newly diagnosed patients of CML when compared with optimal responder and healthy control group. But serum sFasL level in optimal responder group was decreased when compared with healthy control group. The differences observed were non statistical significance (P=0.07).? Serum Caspase - 3 level showed statistically significant (P ?0.001) increase in newly diagnosed when compared with healthy control group. While it was in optimal responder group was statistically increased (not significant P=0.13) when compared with healthy control group. And its level was increased in newly diagnosed compare with responder group which was statistically significant (P= 0.04).Finally, this study concluded that increase in sFas and sFas Ligand &Caspase - 3 in newly diagnosed CML patients compared with optimally and healthy control groups. Also concluded that Caspase - 3 was a good confirmed test to diagnose newly CML cases

دراسة التنميط الجيني لفيروس تي تي في مرضى الثلاسيميا المصابين وغير المصابين بفيروس التهاب الكبد نمط ج

اسم المؤلف: ابتسام نايف عودة الجبالي
اسم المشرف: اروى هادي الحمداني
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفيروسات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ما زال الكثيرون لا يعرفون الاهمية السريرية لفيروس تي تي الذى رشح كاحد فايروسات التهاب الكبد انماط A - G)).ان فيروس تي تي يصيب المرضى المعرضين لخطر الحقن ونقل الدم المتكرر، كما في المرضى المصابين بفقر دم البحر الابيض المتوسط(? - Thalassemia major). تمت هذة | Much is still unknown about the clinical significance of TT virus (TTV) that has been reported as a candidate for non A - G hepatitis virus. TTV infects patients at risk for parenteral exposure and chronic blood transfusion, such as those with ? - thalassemia major. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and clinical importance of TTV infection in thalassemia patients with or without hepatitis C virus (HCV) co - infection, furthermore to sequence and analyse phylogentic of TTV clones.One hundred fifty four thalassemia patients (64.3% male, 35.7% female) with a mean age of 23.8±6.8 years were involved in this study that was conducted in the period between Feb. to Dec. 2013. TTV DNA was detected using Real time PCR. Furthermore, conventional PCR was done for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using N22 region from open reading frame 1 (ORF1). Anti - HCV antibody was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot. Then, HCV core antigen was detected in those anti - HCV Abs seropositive samples. Liver transaminases (ALT, AST) were determined, in addition to measure serum ferritin levels by VIDAS ferritin. TTV was detected in 45 of 154 (29.2%) of thalassemia patients with predominance of males than females (64.4% vs. 35.6%). The prevalence rate of anti - HCV Abs were 54.5% with significant increase in females than males (p<0.05).Out of these 84 samples, 59 (70.2%) were positive by HCV core Ag assay and related significantly to frequency of blood transfusion. According to HCV and TTV infection status, patients were categorized into six groups : Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core Ag + TTV+, Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core Ag + TTV - , Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core Ag - TTV+, Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core - TTV - , Anti - HCVAb - TTV+, Anti - HCVAb - TTV - . The increased levels of ALT, AST and ferritin in the HCV and TTV infected group were not significantly different from those in the TTV and HCV negative groups. Co - infection of TTV and HCV were significantly increase ALT levels compared to infection with HCV alone. No association of TTV infection was found with gender, age and frequency of blood transfusion.The results of genotyping in 12 randomly selected patients showed the presence of equal percentage of genotype 1 (G1) and genotype 2 (G2) 50% for each one, with homology between them 79.0%. Other TTV genotypes were not identified in the present study suggesting that G1and G2 are predominant in this area. Mixed infection of the same patient with multiple TTV genotypes was observed. The results concluded that TTV is moderately present in Iraqi thalassemia patients, with G1 and G2 were predominant. Patients co - infected with HCV and TTV had a significantly higher serum ALT level than those without TTV infection, so TTV infection is suggested to have a role in increasing the severity of liver diseases in the thalassemia patients when co - infected with HCV.

تاثير معايير النطف ونضوج مادة الصبغين على نتائج عملية الحقن المجهري == Impact of Sperm Parameters And Sperm Chromatin Maturity On Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome

اسم المؤلف: هند عبد الكاظم
اسم المشرف: يحيى كاظم السلطاني
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعتبر العقم من المشاكل المتعلقة بصحة الانسان ويؤثرعلى سدس الازواج في عمر الانجاب تقريبا. يعد الذكر مسؤلا عن خمسين بالمئه من مجموع الحالات.الوظيفه الرئيسيه لتقنيات الانجاب المعان هي علاج العقم بما فيها حالات العقم الذكري وزيادة فرص الحمل من خلال التغلب عل | Infertility is a health concern affecting nearly 17% of young couples in their reproductive age. Male factor infertility accounts for 50% of all cases. The key responsibility of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is the management of male infertility by bypassing seminal fluid disorders. Defective Sperm parameters were responsible for deciding the fertility potential and related to pregnancy rate in vivo as well as in vitro.Today, the classic seminal fluid analysis is found to be of limited importance in describing a couple’s fertility status. There is now clinical evidence to show that damage to human sperm DNA may adversely affect reproductive outcomes and the spermatozoa of infertile men possess substantially more DNA damage than do spermatozoa of fertile men and there appears to be a threshold of sperm DNA damage beyond which embryo development and pregnancy are impaired.In view of that, the aims of the present study were : Evaluation of the influence of defective sperm parameters including concentration, morphology and motility on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome represented by fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality and pregnancy rate. Assessment of the sperm chromatin maturity in infertile men using acidic aniline blue stain and compare it with that of men with normal spermiogram. Discovering the relationship between sperm chromatin status and the semen parameters in infertile males. Finding the relationship between sperm chromatin status and ICSI outcome.This study included 60 infertile couples complaining from either primary or secondary infertility attended the clinics of infertility treatment center and underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection.They were classified according to their spermiogram to normozoospermic group (N), whose female partner had bilateral tubal block, oligoasthenoteratozoospermic group (OAT) and finally, asthenoteratozoospermic group (AT). The female partners of the last two groups had normal reproductive function according to gynecological examination and laboratory investigations. All female partners included in this study were less than 35 years old to minimize the influence of advanced maternal age on ICSI outcome. Seminal fluid analysis were done for all and aniline blue stain was used in this study to evaluate sperm chromatin integrity. The main results of this study showed that infertile couples with impaired sperm parameters show high percentage of positive aniline blue stain i.e., sperm chromatin maturity defect and it is significantly higher than that in couples with normal spermiogram. The best cut off point of positive chromatin percentage associated with pregnancy was 40% i.e., when sperm chromatin abnormality exceeds 40% as detected by aniline blue staining method; the pregnancy rate start to regress. No significant differences in fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality and pregnancy rate were found among studied groups.No significant difference in ICSI outcome including pregnancy rate between couples with high percentage of sperm chromatin damage ?30% and those with low percentage of sperm chromatin damage < 30% were found. So the main conclusions are : Defective sperm parameters and chromatin immaturity are significantly associated with each other.Forty percent is the threshold of sperm chromatin immaturity after which ICSI outcome deteriorate and depending 30% as a threshold in this study revealed no significant difference in ICSI outcome among studied groups. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection has corrective and therapeutic role for defective sperm parameters and shows a unique capability to treat the most difficult cases of male infertility.

تقييم جهاز كتلة غاز الزفير كوسيلة لفحص وظائف الرئتين عند العراقيين الاصحاء == Evaluation of Expiratory Gas Mass Device As A Measure of Lung Function Test In Healthy Iraqi Subjects

اسم المؤلف: نبراس حسين عبد الساده الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: يسار محمد حسن الشماع | باسم متعب هادي زوين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد فحوصات وظائف الرئتين من الوسائل المفيدة جدا لاغراض التشخيص والمتابعة والبحث العلمي للاصحاء ومرضى الجهاز التنفسي. وابسط تلك الفحوصات واكثرها معلومة هو الفحص السبايرومتري الذي يتضمن قياس السعة الحيوية القسرية (FVC) , وحجم الزفير القسري في الثانية الا | Lung function tests are very useful diagnostic, follow up and research measures for healthy and respiratory compromised subjects. The simplest, yet the most informative, lung function tests are the spirometric tests.They involve the forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and the forced expiratory volume ratio (FEV%). Several types of devices are used to perform spirometric tests based on the measurement of lung volumes and their subdivisions. Lung volumes, hence, are represented by the volume of expired air. There was a controversy about the difference between body and ambient temperatures which may extremely affect gas volume , but this is thought to be solved by temperature correction. Temperature correction, however, may not be the precise solution in extremely fluctuating environmental temperatures. A fixed amount of expired gas has a constant mass despite the changes in pressure or volume as is implied by the law of conservation of mass in a closed system by Antoine Lavoisier. The aim of this study is to construct and evaluate a simple device called expiratory gas mass device as a reliable, reproducible, accurate and convenient tool to substitute Vitalograph spirometer as a measure of lung function in healthy Iraqi subjects and testing the hypothesis that expired gas mass could significantly and acceptably alternate or conjugate its volume as measures of lung function. The design of the study is a cross sectional study. The statistically required number of participants was decided by a professional statistician to be 70 healthy subjects. However, 300 healthy subjects are included in the present research to cover the need for subgrouping (146 male and 154 female) aged 20 - 50 years (31.84 ± 9.28 years). The male and female were classified into three age groups for each one, ten years interval was considered to be suitable for classifying subjects.Subjects with abnormal lung function such as smokers were excluded. A uniform case sheet was assigned for every participant in the study which includes, name, gender, age, weight, height, smoking habits, residence, cultural status, socioeconomic status, present and past medical history, family history of respiratory illnesses. They were asked to perform the forced expiratory maneuver through the standardized spirometer and then through the newly constructed gas mass device.The accuracy (systematic error) and reproducibility (random error) were tested for the constructed gas mass device.A comparison between forced vital capacity (FVC) and adjusted gas mass (AGM) was made on two main groups , the male group and female group, both of them were subdivided to three age groups.The results revealed that there were no significant differences in values of FVC and AGM measured by standard Vitalograph spirometer and gas mass device respectively. Regression lines indicated that there were strong positive correlations between gas mass (GM) and FVC in male and female. Separate data for male and female are processed and the results indicated that FVC values and GM (or AGM) values are significantly higher in male than in female , P?0.05. Regression lines indicated that there was a negative correlation between age and both of FVC and GM, a positive correlation between height and both of FVC and GM and a weak positive correlation between weight and both of FVC and GM. From the present study, it can concluded that gas mass device is simple, portable and easily handled device. It is also reproducible and accurate device for the measurement of GM in normal subjects.

اثر عوامل البيئة الاجتماعية على سلوك سيطرة وزن المراهقين في المدارس الثانوية في مدينة بغداد == Impact of Socio - Environmental Factors Upon Adolescents' Weight Control Behaviors In Secondary Schools At Baghdad City

اسم المؤلف: بثينة بشير صالح
اسم المشرف: اقبال غانم علي معلة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التمريض
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: دراسة وصفية(مقطعية) اجريت في جانبي الكرخ والرصافة لمعرفة اثر عوامل البيئة الاجتماعية على سلوك سيطرة وزن المراهقين في المدارس الثانوية في مدينة بغداد للفترة من 20 من شهر نيسان لعام 2013 الى نهاية تشرين الاول لعام 2014.تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على عوامل ال | Overweight and obesity are one of the biggest threats for public health, both in children and adolescents. Fair enough, a lot of attention is paid towards this threat. However, hardly any attention is paid to weight loss behavior in normal weight children and adolescents. Teenagers who consider themselves as too fat who were negative body image a high risk for unnecessary weight loss behavior. A Cross - Sectional Descriptive study was conducted on impact of socio - environmental factors upon adolescents' weight control behaviors in secondary schools at both sides Al - Karkh and Al - Risafa sectors of Baghdad city. The study period started from 20th of April 2013 to the end of October 2014. The study aimed to find out the relationship between weight control, and socio - environmental factors and adolescents' demographic data (age, gender, Body Mass Index, and socio - economic status), and find out the impact of socio - environmental factors upon adolescents' weight control behaviors. A non - probability (purposive sample) of secondary adolescent schools , while 1254 adolescents' students were chosen randomly from that schools. The study instruments consist of four parts. The first part concerned with adolescents' students and their parents? socio - demographic data; the second part is about adolescents' students eating patterns and their meals list at home. The second part is divided into six sections. The 1 section consists of 28 items : the adolescents' students eating patterns and meals list at home, section 2 and 3 contains 16 items : for eating the snacks and fast food, section 4 is composed of 12 items : which are about adolescents' students eating time in schools with peers, section 5 has 12 items : related to the reasons of skipping meals, and section 6 consists of 6 items : about adolescents' lifestyle. The third part is about the physical activities and dieting programs, it consists of 7 items. The fourth part 10 items are related to the adolescents' weight control behaviors. Test - retest determined the reliability of the study instrument which was r = 0.90. A descriptive statistical analysis (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistical analysis, and (chi - square) were used. The result of the study sample indicated that more than two fourth of the Body Mass Index was almost equal in under or normal weight while the another half were overweight and obese, and the sample's family socio - economic status was in high or low level status. The study indicated most of the adolescents' took breakfast at home, eating snacks, reasons of skipping breakfast meal, and their lifestyle had a highly significant association with their gender and that indicate no differentiate between their gender eat what they want at any time. The results of the study reflected the adolescents' students eating lunch and dinner at home, and reasons of skipping breakfast meal had no significant association with their ages. The adolescents' students favorite to eat snacks and fast food at home and it's had a highly significant association with their Body Mass Index. Also there is a highly significant associated for the study sample socio - environmental factors with their socio - economic status. The results of the study reflect that is a highly significant association between eating habits and their total weight control behavior methods. The study recommended the Ministry of Health need to activate the nutritional program strategies for weight management within school health services, and need to increase establishment other especial centers for managing adolescents from risk for overweight and obesity like as Obesity Research and Therapy Unit in AL - Kindy College of Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute. I suggest a schedule as a guideline for healthy nutritious for weight control and achieve daily physical activity Finally Ministry of Education need to involved teachers in that strategies and training them in relation to these programs.

عزل بكتريا Bacillus cereus من بعض عينات الغذاء == Isolation of Bacillus Cereus From Some Foods Samples

اسم المؤلف: ضحى عبد الله كاظم الظويهري
اسم المشرف: حبيب صاحب نهر
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية الطب - قسم الاحياء المجهرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: كائن Bacillus cereus موجود في كل مكان وهوممرض منقول بالاغذية والذي يمكن ان يسبب نوعين من امراض الجهاز الهضمي : القيء والاسهال. في هذه الدراسه, تم جمع 140 عينه غذائية شملت (الرز, اغذية الاطفال، الدقيق، منتجات الالبان، اللحوم، الحليب , التوابل) جمعت عشوائيا | Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous organism and a potential foodborne pathogen that can cause two types of gastrointestinal diseases : emesis and diarrhea. In this study, a total of 140 food samples included (rice, infant food, flour, dairy products, meat, milk powder and spices) were collected randomly from restaurants, food stores and various sale points in the local markets of the Hilla province during the period of November 2014 to April 2015 in attempt to isolate of Bacillus cereus from these samples and detection the prevalence of diarrheal (hbl and nhe) and emetic (ces) enterotoxins genes by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All bacterial isolates were identified by cultural, microscopic and biochemical examinations. The results showed that 56 (40%) of samples showed positive growth for Bacillus cereus. The antibiotic sensitivity test of some isolates to 10 antibiotics was studied. It has been found that all B. cereus isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Ampiclox, Cefotaxime, and Cephalexin, while all isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacine and Chloramphenicol, but most of them showed different rate of sensitivity to one or more of antibiotics such as Neomycin 90% and 80% for both Tetracycline and Erythromycin. Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR) was used to detect the ability of bacterial isolates to encode two types of enterotoxin genes, diarrheal and emetic genes. The results showed that 4(7.14 %) of isolates harboured hblA gene, 16 (28.57%) hblC, 5(8.92 %) hblD, 46(82.14%) nheA, 24(42.85%) nhe B, 26 (46.42%) nheC and 3(5.35%) of the isolates harboured Ces gene. On the other hand, through using PCR it was found that nhe gene was present in most isolates, while hbl gene was variable among the studied isolates. Moreover, the Ces gene was found only in isolates being isolated from rice samples, while it was not found in other types of samples.

تاثير العلاج بعقار الميثوتركسيت على عامل النمو البطاني الوعائي، والعوامل الدموية ومضادات الاكسدة في الصدفية == Effects of Methotrexate Therapy On Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Hematological And Antioxidants Parameters In Psoriasis

اسم المؤلف: شكرية حاتم علوان
اسم المشرف: محمد عبيد المحمدي | محمد كاظم الحطاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: مبدا الدراسة : الصدفية مرض جلدي شائع ذو علامات جلدية ظاهرة، يتميز بالتهاب مزمن للجلد مع اختلاف في نضوج الخلايا الكيراتينية، التي تزيد من سمك الجلد. عملية تكوين الاوعية الدموية (Angiogenesis) هي المسؤول بالدرجة الاساس عن تطور افة الصدفية، واحد اهم عوامل تكو | Background : Psoriasis is a common skin disease with extra - cutaneous manifestations. It characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin with changes in the maturation of keratinocytes, which manifested by the hyperproliferation of the epidermis. Angiogenesis process is a central regulator of development psoriasis lesion and one of the important angiogenesis factor is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).A major site of oxidative stress occurs in the skin due to reactive oxygen species, which play an important role in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. Objectives : The aim of this presented study is to evaluating the effect of MTX drug on psoriatic lesions by calculating psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) for three months. In addition, investigate the changes of the level of serum VEGF, antioxidants (GSH and SOD) and lipid profile, which include (TC, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL). As well as, hematological assessment such as (RBCs, Hb, PCV, RBCs indices, ESR and WBCs) in patients with psoriasis before and after (one and three months) from treatment with oral methotrexate therapy in comparison to their levels in healthy control persons. Materials and Methods : This study was a cohort study in which a total of 80 subjects, half of them(40) with psoriasis (25 male and 15 female) had selected randomly from Marjan Medical City in AL - Hilla city and the other half (40)as healthy controls (21 male and 19 female). These subjects collected during the period from 28th/ October /2014 until 15th/ August/ 2015. Physical examination (body mass index) done to each subject that enrolled in the study. A clinical assessment of psoriasis disease activity in psoriasis patients and methotrexate efficacy was done with the Disease Activity Index (DAI) represented by PASI score. Blood collection was obtained from all psoriatic patients and control to use in determine the level of all biochemical parameter such as VEGF, GSH SOD and lipid profile , as well as hematological investigation which include RBCs, Hb, PCV, RBCs indices, ESR and WBCs. Result : The results of this work showed, The effect of systemic methotrexate therapy on psoriasis lesion by significant reduction of PASI levels after treatment and by a significant mean difference in psoriasis area severity index before and after (one and three months) from treatment in psoriatic lesions (P?0.05). Also, no significant differences (p> 0.05) between the mean of age for psoriatic patients group (male and female) and healthy control group (males and females). The body mass index shows significant increase (P?0.05) in psoriasis patients than control group. The serum of VEGF level was significant increase in patients with psoriasis when compare with control through study periods, and there was significant reduction in the level of VEGF in psoriasis patients as compared its level before and after treatment with MTX for one and three months (P?0.05). While, the level of GSH and SOD significant decrease in patients than control ,during the treatment with MTX ,there was significant difference increase in the level of GSH of patients as compare with baseline level (before treatment) (P?0.05). In addition, the level of SOD of patients appear there was no statically difference before treatment and after treatment with MTX. The results of the present study also show a significant increase (P?0.05) in total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol(VLDL) concentration, while found a significant decrease (P?0.05) in level of HDL in serum of psoriasis group compared with those of the healthy control group. When compare between patients during follow up periods, found there was no significant different of level of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL between psoriasis patients in period before treatment when compared with after one months from treatment with MTX (P>0.05). While there is a significant increase between patients before treatment compare with after three months, and after one month from treatment compare with after three months from treatment with MTX (P? 0.05). The level of HDL in psoriatic patients was significant increase at (P? 0.05) before treatment as comparing with after (one month and three months) from treatment with MTX, but there is no significant difference between patients after one from treatment as compared to with after three month from treatment with methotrexate (P> 0.05). The result of hematological for the results of study showed , there is a significant decrease (P? 0.05) in RBCs counts, Hb, PCV and RBCs indices compared with healthy control. While significant increase in total WBCs counts and ESR in psoriatic patients in all periods of follow up periods as compare with control. When compare the RBCs, Hb, PCV, RBCs indices of patients in all periods before and after (one and three months) from treatment with MTX, found there is no significant difference among them at (P> 0.05). While the result of WBCs count show significant decrease (P?0.05) between patient before treatment and after three months from treatment with MTX , and between after one month from treatment with MTX as compare with after three month from treatment , but there is no significant difference between before treatment compare to after one month from treated with MTX. The results of ESR of psoriasis patient show significant decrease (P? 0.05) between before treatment as compare with after three months from treatment with MTX , and after one month from treatment compare to after three month from treatment.While there is no any significant difference between patient before treatment compare with after one month from treatment with methotrexate (P>0.05). Conclusion : The vascular endothelial growth factor have play important role in the evaluation of psoriasis severity, oral methotrexate therapy have efficacy upon serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. Efficacy of oral methotrexate therapy on psoriatic patient’s treatment, have there was faster remission of psoriatic lesions and this reflect the immune - modulatory anti - inflammatory role of The MTX in psoriasis patient.

دور تخطيط العضلات احادي الليف على مرضى اعتلال الاعصاب المحيطية السكري وعلاقته بمؤشرات الاكسدة == The Role of Single Fiber Electromyography In Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy And Its Relation To Oxidative Stress Parameters

اسم المؤلف: زاهد محمد علي كاظم
اسم المشرف: احسان محمد عبود عجينة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : يعتبر اعتلال الاعصاب المحيطية السكري من اكثر مضاعفات داء السكري شيوعا التي تؤثر على الاوعية الدموية الدقيقة. سريريا يؤثر المرض اولا على الاطراف القصيه مؤديا الى فقدان الاحساس في تلك الاطراف على نمط الجورب والقفاز. يؤثر المرض على كل من الالياف ال | Background : diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Clinically, it affects the most distal extremities first resulting in a stock and glove pattern of sensory loss. It affects both small fibers (myelinated and un - myelinated) as well as the large myelinated nerve fibers. However, the earliest manifestations might be due to small fiber dysfunction. Hyperglycaemia and subsequent metabolic derangement is the main pathogenitic factor of DPN. However, oxidative stress, deficiency of neuroprotective factors and neurovascular insufficiency might play a role.AIMS : This study aims to : 1. Test the value of applying SFEMG in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 2. Determine the usefulness of SFEMG, compared to the standard NCS, in the early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 3. Evaluate the correlation of the antioxidant/oxidant status in patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Materials and methods : The study was conducted in the period from Nov. 2012 till Apr. 2014 and included 188 patients with type 2 DM that fall within age group of 45 - 65 years. Diabetics that suffer from clinical features of peripheral nerve dysfunction documented with abnormal electrophysiological findings were considered as patients with DPN (138 patients) and those who had no complaint of peripheral nerve dysfunction with normal electrophysiological study were considered as patients without DPN (50 patients). The study also included normal healthy persons who their age and gender matched that patients and considered as control subjects (50 persons). The patients and control enrolled in the study had undergone comprehensive assessment that included : clinical assessment (history and full examination), biochemical assessment (measurement of fasting blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin, total antioxidant capacity and advanced glycation end products) and electrophysiological assessment that included sensory and motor nerve conduction studies (NCS) with single fiber electromyography (SFEMG).Results : The study found that patients with DPN in comparison to patients without DPN and control subjects are older (p?0.05), had longer duration of DM (p?0.01), poorer glycemic control reflected by fasting blood sugar (p?0.01) and glycated haemoglobin (p?0.01), lower level of total antioxidant capacity (p?0.01) and higher advanced glycation end products level (p?0.01). Also, the study showed that the level of total antioxidant capacity and advanced glycation end products on one hand were correlated with the duration of the diabetes (p?0.01) and not correlated with glycated haemoglobin level on the other hand.The electrophysiological findings showed that patients with DPN had significant differences in NCS parameters when compared to patients without DPN and to control subjects in the form of axonal degeneration and demyelination with abnormal single fiber jitter and fiber density which were correlated with the duration of diabetes (p?0.01) but not correlated with glycemic control. Also the study demonstrated that SFEMG findings were correlated with NCS parameters (namely sural nerve) in patients with DPN. This study had concluded that the duration of diabetes, age, glycemic control and oxidative stress are important risk factors of DPN. Routine NCS is important mean for diagnosing DPN but it has limited sensitivity in the diagnosis of early stages of the disease and in assessing nerve degeneration and regeneration. Sensory nerves of lower limbs are helpful in discovering early stages of DPN when other tested nerves are normal. SFEMG examination in diabetic patients is important in showing the degree of re - innervation and nerve regeneration and in identification of subclinical nerve dysfunction.

دراسة العلاقة النسبية بين جريان الدم المخي - المشيمي والرحمي - المشيمي بالدوبلر للنساء الحوامل المصابات بداء السكري == A Study of Cerebro - Placental And Utero - Placental Ratio Doppler Velocimetry In Diabetic Pregnant Women

اسم المؤلف: رياض وحيد العيساوي
اسم المشرف: عقيل عبد المنعم حسن زوين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعتبر داء السكري المصاحب للحمل هو احد مضاعفات الحمل الاكثر شيوعا والتي ترتبط بمعدلات هامة من الاعتلال والوفاة ما حول الولادة , ان العلاج الفعال لداء السكري ما قبل الحمل ولداء السكر المصاحب للحمل قد تبين تحسين النتائج والحد من وفيات ما حول الولادة بالمقارن | Diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy is one of the most common antenatal complications that are associated with significant perinatal mortality and morbidity(Magee et al., 1993, Schmidt et al., 2001and Platt et al., 2002). Effective treatment of pre - existing as well as gestational diabetes mellitus was shown to improve outcome and reduce perinatal mortality, as compared to untreated patients (Lao TT, et al., 2001and Langer , et al., 2005). Doppler studies have conventionally been utilized for fetal surveillance. The use maternal uterine artery Doppler as a screening tool to predict subsequent development of pre - eclampsia and fetal growth restriction in later gestation have gained acceptance in recent years. Umbilical artery Doppler, middle cerebral artery Doppler have been widely used for the assessment of growth restricted fetuses. The role of Doppler study in diabetic pregnancies has not been unequivocally evaluated. An atherogenic factor, that promotes vascular endothelial growth, insulin - like growth factor - 1 has been implicated with micro vascular complication during pregnancy (Kathryn 2000). Presently, short - term beneficial metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin - like growth nfactor - 1 (rhIGF) - 1 therapy have been demonstrated in numerous diabetic conditions, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Until recently, insulin - like growth factor - 1, based upon its endothelial growth promotion, was considered a mediator of vascular disease( Bayes - genis et al., 2001a; 2001b). Conversely, increasing evidence indicate the protective mechanism of insulin - like growth factor - 1 against vascular derangements, relating to its ability of nitric oxide production (Okura et al., 2001). We sought to investigate the impact of insulin - like growth factor - 1 levels on maternal/fetal blood flow in diabetic non - hypertensive pregnant women; an avenue of research that has yet to be fully explored. Taken together, this information will materialize the intervention needed to prevent or at least ameliorate diabetes maternal and fetal outcomes. OBJECTIVES1 - To evaluate effect of diabetes mellitus on utero - and cerebro - placental Doppler velocimetry in pregnant women, such as resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), Systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D)2 - To find whether a meaningful correlation exists between the above mentioned parameters and the levels of HBA1c and maternal IGF - 1.3 - To predict the most sensitive parameter detecting complications of diabetes mellitus on fetal outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHOD In this prospective cohort study a total of 190 pregnant women with single viable fetus, cephalic presentation, were enrolled after having their verbal and written consent and approval of the ethical committee at Faculty of Medicine. They were divided into two Groups : group (Ia) women with gestational diabetes mellitus (n=70), group ( Ib ) women with pre - gestational diabetes mellitus (n=64) and the remaining (n=56) participants (group II) were free from diabetes and hypertension and served as a control group. The study performed at Al Ameer Diagnostic Center in Al Najaf, between March, 2013 and August, 2014.Examination of the participants done twice, in the second and third trimesters. In each time, history and clinical examinations performed with Doppler ultrasonography of the pregnant women including interrogations of bilateral maternal uterine arteries, fetal umbilical and middle cerebral arteries in addition to measurement of IGF - 1 and HbA1c concentrations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1 - IGF - 1 mean± SD in second trimester was 582.61± 183.7 ng/ml in group Ia, 429.5± 231.3 ng/ml in group 1b and 278.6 ± 60.8 ng/ml in the group II with significant difference among the groups (P=0.0001) In the third trimester the mean± SD was 653.69 ±197.6 ng/ml in group Ia, 487.5± 242.4 ng/ml in group Ib and 316.6 ± 60.9 ng/ml in group II with significant difference among the groups (P=0.0001).2 - HbA1c mean± SD in second trimester was 6.59± 0.89 % in group Ia, 6.42 ± 0.9% in group Ib and 5.35 ± 0.56 % in group II with significant difference between group Ia and group II, as well as between Ib and group II, but no significant difference between Ia and Ib groups.Third trimester HbA1c mean value was 6.29 ± 0.78 % in group Ia , in group Ib 6.27 ± 0.87 % and 5.08 ± 0.57% in group II.There was no significant difference between group Ia and Ib (P=0.843) , while there was a significant difference between group Ia and group II as well as between group Ib and group II(P=0.0001).3 - Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry was considered more sensitive predictor than other arteries in evaluation of fetal outcomes and its sensitivity in the total studied population (190) was 44.3%, in gestational diabetic pregnancy group was 58.3%, in pregestational diabetic pregnancy 34.3% and in control was 29.4%.4 - Multiple maternal and fetal arterial Doppler studies at same time yield high predictive values in evaluation of fetal outcomes with general sensitivity in the total studied population was 63.6%, specificity 79.4%79, PPV 72.2% and NPV 71.7%. In gestational diabetic pregnancy the sensitivity was 94.4%, specificity was 61.8%, PPV was 72.3%, NPV was 91.3%. In pregestational diabetic pregnancy sensitivity was 88.6%, specificity was 86.2 %, PPV was 88.6 %, NPV was 86.2%. In control healthy pregnancies the sensitivity was 70.6 %, specificity was 71.8%, PPV was 52.2%, NPV was 84.8 %.

تاثير التقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب على نتاج الحمل في مستشفيات بغداد : دراسة مقارنة == Impact of Assisted Reproductive Technology On Pregnancy Outcome In Baghdad Hospitals : Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: رغد زغير دوسر
اسم المشرف: عز الدين فخر الدين بهاء الدين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: طب الاطفال
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التمريض
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : في عام1978 ولادة الطفل الاول في المملكة المتحدة من قبل تقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب، ازداد كلا من التقنيات المتطورة التي تستخدم لعلاج العقم وعدد مراكز الاخصاب التي توفر خدمات التقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب بشكل كبير في كثير من البلدان,وتشمل التقنيا | Background : In 1978 the first baby born in the U.K by the techniques of assisted reproduction. both the use of advanced technologies to overcome infertility and the number of fertility clinics providing ART services have increased steadily in many countries. ART includes fertility treatments in which both eggs and sperm are handled in the laboratory (in vitro fertilization (IVF), intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafalopian transfer(ZIFT), and related procedures). Women who undergo ART procedures are more likely to deliver multiple - birth infants than those who conceive naturally because more than one embryo might be transferred during a procedure. Multiple births pose substantial risks to both mothers and infants, including pregnancy complications like, preterm delivery, and low birth weight infants. Caesarean section, pregnancy induce hypertension, gestational diabetes, congenital malformation.Objective : To assess the impact of assisted reproductive technology on pregnancy outcome and compare them to those of natural conception. Methodology : The present study employs a descriptive - purposive design carried out for pregnant women after assisted reproductive technology attending labor wards of Baghdad Hospitals, Kamal AL - samarae Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, AL Imamain AL - Kadhmien Teaching Hospital, Private Nursing House Hospital, AL - Elwya Maternity Teaching Hospital, AL Imam Ali Hospital, AL - Karkh Maternity Hospital for, and Ibn AL Baladi Hospital. The period for collecting the data was four months (1st February 2014 to the 1st Jun 2014). The study sample divided into two groups : 100 women conceived after assisted reproductive technology(study group), 100 women conceived naturally (control group). Validity through a panel of (15) experts and the reliability of the questionnaire is determined through the pilot study. For the purpose of the present study a questionnaire format was constructed. The data has been managed and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results : An increased pregnancy complication as well as higher risk of obstetrical, perinatal, and neonatal complications was observed in ART compared with natural pregnancy included in this study. The women conceived by ART were older than those conceived naturally (30.86_+ 4.76 vs 25.85 - +7.78) ART pregnancies were associated with a higher risk of early pregnancy bleeding (8% vs 42%), antepartum heamorrhage (4% vs 13%), placenta previa (6% vs 15%), pregnancy - induced hypertension (29% vs 46%), gestational diabetes (7% vs 20%), preterm rupture of membrane (11% vs 25%), preeclampsia (3% vs 12%), obesity during pregnancy (47% vs 65% ), preterm delivery (16% vs 48%), cesarean section( 67% vs 100%), low birth weight (12% vs 32.5%), multiple birth (twin 11% and twin tri 7% vs.0.0%), the period of the newborn child stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (15 days 47.8% vs. 0.0%)Conclusion : The pregnancies after ART are associated with higher risk of multiple pregnancies, obstetrical, perinatal, as well as neonatal complications in comparison with natural pregnancy. Recommendations : Educate mothers who become pregnant using the techniques of assisted reproduction importance they received of their children examined periodically, with long - term developmental follow - up on a regular basis, to exclude late complication of the pregnancy outcome. Emphasis should be on the birth of healthy infants primarily using Embryo single transfer (EST),to reduce the incidence of low birth weight and preterm delivery.

تقييم رضا المسنين باتجاه الرعاية الصحية في دار المسنين في مدينة بغداد == Assessment of Elderly'S Satisfaction Toward Health Care At Geriatric Home In Baghdad City

اسم المؤلف: عادل عبد الزهرة عطية
اسم المشرف: محمد فاضل خليفة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التمريض
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت دراسة وصفية لتقييم رضا المسنين باتجاه الرعاية الصحية في دار المسنين في مدينة بغداد للفترة من 26 تشرين الثاني 2013 الى3 ايلول 2014، تهدف الدراسة الى تقييم رضا المسنين باتجاه الرعاية الصحية من خلال مجالات الرعاية مثل (طلب الرعاية الصحية، تناول الع | A descriptive study concerning the assessment of elderly's satisfaction toward health care at geriatric home in Baghdad city. From November 26th, 2013 to September 3rd, 2014. is to assess the elderly's satisfaction toward health care through the use of the domains of health care seeking, nutrient intake, physical activity, drug use, psychological aspect, social aspect, and to find out the relationship between elderly's satisfaction and their demographic characteristics of age, gender, marital status, level of education, health state, and economic status. The selection of the sample through a non - probability 'purposive sample' is (N=86) from elderly aged 65 years and over who reside in geriatric home. Data are collected through interview using questionnaire tool and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis which reveal, the reliability of the questionnaire which is determined through a pilot study and the validity is achieved through a panel of (18) experts. The study results showed demographic characteristics analysis of the sample concerned, the large number of the sample that was with age (65 - 69) years (34.9%) and also showed that majority of study sample (59.3%) are men and the remaining are women, and with regard to marital status it was found that many of them are widows and their percentage (38.4%) Regarding subject level of education, the greater number of them are illiterate and they are accounted for (48.8%) In addition, the majority of the elderly who suffer from chronic disease are (73.3) while the majority of them have no previous surgery and their percentage (58.1%) Regarding housing ownership (74.4%) they are absent or (do not have a house), and most of the elderly's monthly income is (53.5%) insufficient. The present study concluds : the vast majority of the elderly population are illiterate who do not have opportunity for better education. In addition, the elderly were generally satisfied with health care, and it was the best domain of elderly satisfaction is the nutrient intake and the less domain of health care seeking. While the study showed that, the demographic characteristics of elderly had no impact upon their overall satisfaction toward health care except the level of education. Therefore, that gender affects the satisfaction of the elderly in seeking of health care. In addition, the monthly income effects on elderly satisfaction with nutrient intake. As well as the age and suffering from chronic diseases affecting the physical activity domain and with level of elderly satisfaction in this aspect there is an impact of each gender, level of education and monthly income of the elderly on their satisfaction towards the social domain, the age affects the elderly satisfaction with psychological domain. The study recommended Promotion of health care provided to the elderly especially with regard to access to health care and the practice of physical activity. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, in cooperation with the Ministry of Health can establish a special health center for the elderly to help them to get health care. As well as the establishment of a sports hall equipped to encourage the elderly to exercise of daily activities sports. Work of collective entertainment trips continuously to improve elderly mental and social state. Study should be conduct to assess satisfaction among the elderly residents in geriatric homes and others in their own about health care services (comparative study).

العلاقة بين اصناف الدم المختلفة وعوامل الخطورة الرئيسية لامراض الشرايين التاجية == The Relationship Between Blood Groups And Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Diseases

اسم المؤلف: رواء هادي شريف
اسم المشرف: سامي رحيم الكاتب | احمد نعمة رجيب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: امراض الشرايين التاجية السبب الرئيسي لمعظم حالات العجز والوفاة في الدول المتقدمة. العمر, الجنس, السمنة, اختلال مستويات الدهون, التدخين, ارتفاع ضغط الدم, مرض السكر, الالتهابات, والاكسدة الضارة من اهم عوامل الخطورة الرئيسية للمرض. مجموعة من الدراسات اوحت ب | Coronary artery diseases are the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in many developing countries. Age, gender, obesity , lipid disturbance, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, inflammations and oxidative stress are considered as major risk factors of disease. Many of studies suggest that there is association between blood groups and risk factors of coronary artery diseases.Objective : The aims of study are to find if there is an association between blood groups and CADs and to study some of the causes that may be lead to this association. Also, it aims to determine the type of relation between some important factors such as, C - reactive protein (CRP), advanced glycation end products(AGEPs), and glutathione peroxidase - 3 (GPX - 3) with blood groups and coronary artery diseases. Materials & Methods : Ninety persons included in the study (60 as patients and 30 as healthy controls). Where the patients suffering from CAD, the controls are free from this diseases. Their ages ranged between 25 - 70 years old and they were divided into four groups according to the blood groups (A, B, AB, and O). This study is based on case control study done in Al - Sadder Teaching hospital (Cardiac Center) in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf city from December 2012 - to October 2013. Some information were taken from each person in the study like, name, age, sex, address, weight and height. Finally and after getting permissions, the blood group was analyzed for each person in the study, then the sera were collected from those 90 persons and analyzed by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CRP, AGEPs, and GPX - 3, meanwhile for lipids assay we used spectrophotometer. Results : The results of the study show that the blood group O( 33.7%) predominates in both studied groups (Patients and controls) followed by A (29.6%), B (27.4%), and AB (9%). There is no significant differences in the percentage of blood groups between patients and controls groups (P >0.05). Also, the results of the study show that the incidence of disease increase with age increases and in male (80%) more than female (20%). Also, the results show that only patients group has obese individuals and most obese were from blood group B(80%), followed by A(66.6%), O(60.8%), and AB(50%). The statistical analysis of the study shows that blood group AB among patients and blood group B among controls have a significant increasing (P<0.05) in the serum level of total cholesterol, and C - reactive protein (CRP). While, the results show that blood groups (B&AB) of patients have a significant increasing in the serum level of triglycerides. The blood group A among patients and blood group B among control show a significant increasing in the LDL cholesterol serum level, while blood groups (A& B) of patients have a significant reduction in the serum level of HDL cholesterol. Also, the study shows that blood group A of both patients and controls has a significant increasing in the serum level of advanced glycation end products (AGEPs), while the blood groups (A& B) of patients have a significant decreasing in the serum level of glutathione peroxidase - 3 (GPX3). Finally, the results of the study show a negative correlation (R= - ) between AGEPs and GPX3 in blood groups ( B&O) of both patients and controls group.Conclusions : Results of the present study show that the blood group O predominates in the studied groups in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf city followed by A, B, and the last is AB. The incidence of CAD 2 to 4 time more common in male than female and incidence of CAD increase with age increases in both sex. The incidence of CAD 2 to 4 time more common in male than female and incidence of CAD increase with age increases in both sex. Also, There is a high percentage of subjects from blood groups (A, B, and AB) suffering from disturbance in the serum level of lipids and high level of CRP, which they were associated with atherosclerosis disease that was considered one of the most important leading cause of CAD.

توازن الحركيات الخلوية وعلاقة اليللات التطابق النسجي في كل من النوع الاول لمرضى السكري واشقائهم في دراسة مقارنة == Cytokine Balance (Th1/Th2) And Hla - Dr Association In Type I Diabetic Patients And Their Siblings In A Comparative Study A Thesis

اسم المؤلف: محمد علي سلمان علیوي الكعبي
اسم المشرف: كریم ثامر مشكور الكعبي | جعفر كاظم الموسوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - المناعة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الاحياء المجهرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It has been proposed that the balance of Th1 and Th2 cells is critical in the development of Type 1 diabetes and much of the genetic susceptibility to IDDM maps to the MHC class II region, thus one approach to investigate the immunopathogenesis of diabetes is to study first degree relatives of affected individuals.A case - control study was performed on 120 persons, they divided into three group which are diabetic, siblings and control (40 persons in each group), who attended to Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital /Diabetic Center in Al Kut between the period from April; 2012 till April; 2013. OGTT performed on both diabetic siblings and control, results have showed that the means of OGTT is highly Significant (P value = 0.000) in both siblings and control groups, whereas there were no Significant differences in the Means of differences of OGTT in both tested groups (Siblings and Control), P value = 0.288, although the mean of differences of OGTT is higher in siblings group (25.3250) than that in control group (22.0750). Cytokines levels (IFN - gamma, IL - 2, IL - 4 and IL - 10) were determined among the study groups (type 1 diabetes, siblings and control) by ELISA method, results showed that the means of IFN - gamma and IL - 2 levels were highly Significant (P value = 0.012, 0.037 respectively) in type 1 diabetic group , in comparison to their corresponds among both siblings and control groups, whereas the mean of IL - 4 levels was non - significant (P value = 0.738) among the study groups (type 1 diabetes, siblings and control), in spite it was higher in control group (0.81936) than that in both type 1 diabetic patients and their sibling (0.74387, 0.77593 respectively).While in case of IL - 10 results showed that the mean was highly significant among control group (P value = 0.030) in comparison to its corresponds among both type 1 diabetic patient and their siblings. Distribution of HLA - DRB1 loci among the study groups (type 1 diabetic patients, siblings and control group) were performed using MR.SPOT ROBOTING system, results showed that the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {25 (69.4%)} among diabetic group were Significant in differences (P value = 0.002), in comparison to the corresponding frequencies among control group {11 (30.6%)}, in comparison to the frequencies of other HLA - DRB1 loci in both diabetic group and control group { 15 (34.1%), 29 (65.9%)} respectively.Meanwhile results showed that there were no Significant differences (P value = 0.116), in the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {25 (58.1%)} among diabetic group in comparison to the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {18 (41.9%)} among siblings group, in compare to the frequencies of other HLA - DRB1 loci among diabetic group and sibling group {15 (40.5%), 22 (59.5%)} respectively, also results have showed that there were no Significant (P value = 0.104), in the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {18 (62.1%)} among sibling group in compare to the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {11 (37.9%)} among control group, in compare to the frequencies of other HLA - DRB1 loci among sibling group and control group {22 (43.1%), 29 (56.9%)} respectively. In another part of this study we estimate the relation between means of HbA1c and their corresponding HLADRB1 Loci among the study groups, result have showed that there was a significant relation (P value = 0.010) between the Means of HbA1c and their corresponding HLA - DRB1*03 Locus among the study groups. In conclusion the higher Mean of differences of OGTT among Siblings group might reflect the potential of them to develop diabetes, also T1D is Th1 mediated disorder, while Th2 cytokines profile might play a protective role against the development of T1D,in addition the genetic predisposition of diabetic Siblings for development of diabetes since, both diabetic group and sibling group showing the highest frequencies of HLA - DRB1 *3,*4, in compare to Control group and finally HbA1c might have an inheriting pattern. In conclusion diabetic siblings more prone for development of diabetes in future.

تقييم حالة الحديد، فيتامين ج والهرمونات في انخفاض الخصوبة لدى النساء == Assessment of Iron Status, Vitamin C And Hormones In Subfertile Women

اسم المؤلف: ميسم محمد حسين الكعبي
اسم المشرف: سامي رحيم الكاتب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: انخفاض الخصوبة مشكلة شائعة ولكن علاجها في بعض الاحيان غير كافي لعدم تشخيص الاسباب بالكامل. الحديد عنصر ناقل للاوكسجين ولذلك فهو محفز لحيوية كل الخلايا والانسجة في الجسم. نقص الحديد من اكثر مشاكل نقص الغذاء الشائعة في العالم. لذلك ربط الحديد مع الخصوبة يح | Subfertility is a common problem, but the treatment is sometimes inadequate because the causes are not fully diagnosed. Iron is essential for oxygen transport and therefore promotes health of all cells and tissues. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. Therefore, the connection between iron and fertility need more explanation. Some researchers have suggested that iron may be important for ovulation as the egg has an increased demand for iron while it matures and women who do not get sufficient amounts of iron may suffer anovulation and possibly poor egg health, which can inhibit pregnancy at a rate 60% higher than those with sufficient iron stores in their blood. However women planning to become pregnant should test for serum ferritin level and accordingly if low they can use iron supplements because they may help them to prevent iron deficiency and also improve fertility. Vitamin C is essential for the uptake and absorption of iron. The objective of this study was to assess the iron status, vitamin C and some hormone levels in subfertile women. The sample of study consists of 106 women subdivided into two groups : first consist of 76 subfertile women were taken from the outpatient to fertility center in the gynecological and obstetrical teaching hospital in Kerbala city and from multiple gynecology/obstetrics privet clinics. Second consist of 30 fertile women (control and comparative) who obtained from outpatients and some relatives. The subfertile women subdivided into two subgroups according to the cause of subfertility in presented study : first group : ovarian dysfunction (OD) either due to polycystic ovary syndrom (PCOS) or due to other cause (OC) like anovulation, hyperprolactenemia, premature ovarian failure. Second group : unexplained (idiopathic). Also the subfertile women subdivided into two subgroups according to the type of subfertility : primary and secondary. All of them were at reproductive age (16 - 45) years and there BMI ranged between (20 - 45 kg/m2). The study was achieved throughout a period which extends from July 2012 - October 2013. The protocol of study summarized as following : At day 3±1of menstrual cycle (menstrual phase), all women underwent the measurement of concentrations for multiple hormones in the blood like luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiole, prolactine and Testosterone. In addition to iron status (serum iron, serum ferrtin and total iron binding capacity) and vitamin C also assessed. And at day 13 of menstrual cycle (near time of ovulation), all women underwent two investigations : first : the measurement of concentrations of luteinizing hormone, serum Leptin and antioxidants as vitamin C and glutathione. In addition to Iron status (serum iron, serum ferrtin and total iron binding capacity) and hemoglobin concentration also estimated. Second : estimation the size and the number of dominant follicles in both ovaries by ultrasonograghy. While at day 23±1 of menstrual cycle (secretary phase), all women underwent two investigations : first : estimation the concentration of serum progesterone to detect ovulation. Second : estimation the endometrial thickness by ultrasonograghy. The results of study shows : • A significant increase (P<0.05) in number of subfertile women with age group (16 - 25) years and there were highly significant decreases (P<0.001) in number of women with age 36 - 45 years for both primary and secondary subfertility. While no significant difference (p>0.05) in age group (26 - 35) years.• A significant increases (P<0.05) in body mass index for subfertile women due to polycystic ovary syndrome. Also a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum leptin for women with overweight and obese as compared with normal weight.• A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum ferritin level for polycystic ovary syndrome at day 13 of menstrual cycle. Also, a significant decreases (P<0.05) in number of polycystic ovary syndrome in those having serum ferritin lower than normal at day 13 of menstrual cycle.• A significant increase (P<0.05) in the number of subfertile women due to ovarian dysfunction other than polycystic ovary syndrome who having a lower serum level of vitamin C at day 3 of menstrual cycle. • A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum testosterone level in polycystic ovary syndrome group at day 3 of menstrual cycle. • A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum prolactine level in group of ovarian dysfunction due to other cause at day 3 of menstrual cycle. when serum ferritin level lower than or within normal value. • A significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum level of luteinizing hormone for group of ovarian dysfunction due to other cause at day 13 of menstrual cycle when serum ferritin less than normal but no significant differences (P>0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone when serum ferritin within normal value. • A significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone for group of ovarian dysfunction due to O.C when vitamin C within normal value at day 13 of menstrual cycle.• A highly significant decrease (p<0.001) in endometrial thickness for all subfertile group at day 23 of menstrual cycle.• No significant difference (P>0.05) in serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, estradiole and glutathione as compared with other parameters in fertile and subfertile women.It was concluded that the decrease in serum ferritin and vitamin C levels in the blood may be associated directly or indirectly with subfertility caused by ovarian dysfunction.

تاثير التلميزارتان والاجسام المضادة لمستقبلات الانجيوتنسين نوع 1 في انقاص الارواء الدموي واعادته لعضلة القلب وموت الخلايا المبرمج في ذكور الفئران == Effects of Telmisartan And Angiotensin II Type1 Receptor Antibody In Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury And Apoptosis In Male Mice

اسم المؤلف: سعاد تريجي زامل العكيلي
اسم المشرف: نجاح رايش هادي الموسوي | فاضل غالي يوسف العمران
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الادوية والعلاجيات
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يمثل نقص ارواء عضلة القلب واعادة الارواء مشكلة ذات صلة سريريه مرتبطة بالجلطات والقسطرة وجراحة تغيير الشرايين التاجيه. الانجيوتنسين الثاني قد يساهم في الاصابة بسبب اعادة الارواء عن طريق زيادة الاكسدة والعوامل الالتهابية. الانجيوتنسين الثاني يمارس معظم ا | Background : Myocardial ischemia - reperfusion represents a clinically relevant problem following thrombolysis, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. Angiotensin II may contribute to reperfusion injury by increasing oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Ang II exerts most of its effects via AT1Rs. Objective : This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of Telmisartan and AT1 - AB in amelioration of myocardial I/R injury induced by ligation of coronary artery in mouse model. Materials & method : Adult male Swiss - albino mice were randomized into 6 equal groups. Group (1) sham group : Mice underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure as the active control group except ligation of LAD coronary artery.Group( 2) active control group : Mice were subjected to regional ischemia for 30 min by ligation of LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours.Group( 3) control vehicle group (1) : Mice in this group injected with DMSO (vehicle for Telmisartan ) via IP route & underwent Myocardial ischemia for 30 minutes by ligation of (LAD) coronary artery & reperfusion for 2 hr. Group( 4) control vehicle group (2) : Mice injected with D.W ( vehicle for AT1 - AB) via IV route & underwent Myocardial ischemia for 30 minutes by ligation of (LAD) coronary artery & reperfusion fore 2 hr. Group (5)Telmisartan treated group : Mice pretreated with Telmisartan 0.5mg/kg i.p 30 minutes before ligation of LAD coronary artery. Group(6) AT 1 - AB treated group : Mice pretreated with AT 1 - AB (1Mcg/gm.) of body weight via IV route 30 minutes before ligation of LAD coronary artery. Results : Compared with the sham group, Levels of TNF - ? & IL - 1?, IL - 6,caspase 3 and plasma level of cardiac troponin I increased in control group (p<0.001).Levels of Bcl2 decreased in control group(p<0.001). Histologically ,All mice in control group showed a significant (p<0.001) cardiac injury. Both Telmisartan and AT1 receptor antibody significantly counteract the increase in myocardium level of TNF - ?, IL - 1B,IL - 6,caspase 3 ,plasma cTnI (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the Telmisartan and AT1 receptor antibody significantly increased in myocardium level of Bcl2. Histological analysis revealed that both Telmisartan and AT1 receptor antibody markedly reduced (P < 0.001) the severity of cardiac injury in the mice underwent LAD ligation procedure. Conclusion : The results of the present study reveal that Telmisartan and AT1 receptor antibody ameliorate myocardial I/R injury in Mice via interfering with inflammatory reactions & apoptosis which induced by I/R injury.

تغيرات الرسم الكهربائي للدماغ عند الحوامل في مرحلة ما قبل التشنج الحملي وعلاقتها ببعض المؤشرات الحيوية الالتهابية == Electroencephalographic Changes In Preeclamptic Females And Their Relation With Some Inflammatory Biomarkers

اسم المؤلف: مهند يحيى ادريس المحنه
اسم المشرف: احسان محمد عبود عجينة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يسجل الرسم الكهربائي للدماغ الفعالية الكهربائية الذاتية المتولدة في قشرة الدماغ. اشارة الرسم الكهربائي للدماغ هي قياس للتيارات المتحركة في قشرة الدماغ. عندما تحفز خلايا الدماغ (العصيبات), يتم توليد التيار الارتباطي في التشجرات العصبية للخلايا. يولد هذا ال | Electroencephalography (EEG) records the spontaneous electrical activity generated in the cerebral cortex. When brain cells (neurons) are active, synaptic currents are produced within their dendrites and this current generates an electrical field over the scalp. The EEG waves measure this current that flow during synaptic excitations of pyramidal neurons' dendrites. Preeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy characterized by a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or more on two separate occasions after the 20th gestational week in a previously normotensive woman. This is accompanied by significant proteinuria (>300 mg in 24 hours) and is associated with endothelial cell damage. The markers of endothelial activation or inflammation have been blamed to play an active role in preeclampsia (Sibai et al., 2005). This study included 97 pregnant with a confirmed diagnosis of preeclampsia as a patient group with a gestational age ranging between 20 - 38 weeks. They are divided into three subgroups according to their gestational age (20 - 26 wk, 27 - 32 wk and 33 - 38 wk) and the mean of their age was 29.34±4.82, 30.14±5.33 and 32.54±6.22 years respectively. In addition, 72 women with normal pregnancy have been included as control group. These were also subdivided into three subgroups just like that of the patients and their age matches them too. Participants belong to both patient and control groups had underwent same procedure, examinations and tests like EEG and serological tests for Intracellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM I), interleukin - 6 (IL6) and C - reactive protein (CRP), in parallel. Results showed that there were statistically significant increased levels (P < 0.05) of ICAMI, IL - 6 and CRP values between patient and control groups and between the patient with mild and those with severe preeclampsia in all tested gestational age subgroups. This supports the hypothesis stating a role of cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers in the mechanism underlying preeclampsia. Moreover, and at all gestational age subgroups, the ICAMI, CRP and IL - 6 values were higher in patients with severe disease when compared with those having milkd disease. This strengthens more the relation of these biomarkers with the progression of preeclampsia. There were abnormal EEG changes in about 52 % of the patients with preeclampsia and these changes were reported in all gestational age subgroups and were in the form of spikes, polyspikes, slow sharp waves. This shows that preeclamptic females are prone to some excessive brain activities that may put them in danger of abnormal brain function. Furthermore, these EEG abnormalities were related to the severity of the preeclampsia as they were recorded in severe cases more and at all gestational age subgroups. Also there were statistically significant elevation regarding ICAMI (at the second and third gestational age subgroups), IL - 6 values (at the second gestational age subgroup) and CRP (at all gestational age subgroups) among patients with and without abnormal EEG changes. This suggests a strong relation between these inflammatory biomarkers with the occurrence of abnormal EEG changes in preeclamptic females. In conclusion, an inflammatory process is blamed to be the underlying mechanism of preeclampsia as proved by the elevated levels biomarkers in these patients. Both the abnormally elevated biomarkers and the abnormal EEG changes occur in preeclamptic patient in different gestational ages above 20 weeks and occur in different disease severity.

التشخيص المقارن المصلي والجزئي لداء المقوسات وبعض الاصابات الفيروسية لبعض النساء الحوامل اللوات يعانينن من الاجهاض في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Serological And Molecular Comparative Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis And Certain Types of Viral Infections (Torch) In Aborted Women In Al - Najaf Province

اسم المؤلف: ذكرى عبد الله محمود المياحي
اسم المشرف: باقر عبيس سلطان | صباح نعمة محمد الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الاحياء المجهرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في محافظه النجف الاشرف / العراق، وتضمنت جمع عينات من دم النساء الحوامل اللواتي يعانين من الاجهاض اول مرة او متكررة وكان عدد الحالات 57 حالة. اعمارهن يتراوح بين 15سنة الى40 سنة واللواتي يراجعن مستشفى الزهراء التعليمي والمختبر المركزي وبع | Toxoplasmosis and viral infections such as Rubella , Cytomegalovirus and Herpes virus (TORCH) are feared risk during pregnancy. The rate of toxoplasmosis and of subclinical infected infants at birth with the risk of late manifestation is still unclear, whereas such data are fairly well - known for Rubella , Cytomegalovirus and Herpes virus. The respective major diagnostic issues in pregnancy, the laboratory diagnosis, and its rational use in combination with clinical information are presented , also the value of passive prophylaxis, therapy, and prenatal diagnosis as well as the possible management for diminishing the infection problems in pregnancy.Aims of study : The study was aimed to evaluate the ELISA result for Toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes virus (TORCH) IgM and IgG and compare the results of the ELISA with RT - PCR to arbitrate discordant results.Methodology : The present study was carried out on 57 pregnant women, all of them had with bad obstetric history (BOH) of abortion twice or more. Patients were between 15 - 40 years of age, and they were attending Al - Zahraa Maternity and pediatric Teaching Hospital, Al - Hakeem Hospital and some private clinics, in AL - Najaf province during the period from May 2012 till May 2013. Serological evaluation for TORCH infections was carried out by using IgM and IgG Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA ) method and molecular technique ( DNA; RNA - RT - PCR). Each blood sample was divided into two part , one part plane tube for separation of serum that were screened for the presence IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii ,Cytomegalovirus Rubella virus and Herpes simplex virus by using (ELISA test ).The tests were performed according to manufactures instruction.The other part (blood )EDTA tube was used for DNA 0f detection Toxoplasma , CMV and Herpes simplex virus , while RNA extraction of Rubella virus.The blood and serum sample were stored in refrigerator (2 - 8C?) before the analysis.The extracted DNA and RNA were stored at - 20C? till used within 24 hours. All ELISA Results samples were compared with Real - Time PCR result. Statistical analysis : Statistical program SPSS version (20.0) was used to study the significant difference between tests in each type of antibody (IgM and IgG). (X2 - test) was used after detection of normal distribution to the data and appropriate P<0.001 consider significant. Results : Both IgM / IgG was Seropositive to T. Gondii , Rubella , CMV and HSV - 2 which were 49.12/80.70%, 21.05/49.12% , 45.61/70.18% and 1.21/36.20% respectively. Samples were seropositive to IgM and results were retested by RT - PCR method. Maximum number of IgM /IgG seropositive cases of aborted women was 19(32.75%)/57 that associated with Toxoplasma ,Rubella and CMV infection by RT - PCR ( 10(17.54%), 6( 10.53%) and 3(5.26%) respectively ). The ELISA TORCH IgM and IgG assays provided results comparable to RT - PCR indicated significant differences among Toxoplasma and viral infection. The ELISA TORCH infection IgM and IgG assays showed a lower specificity with for Toxoplasma IgM (p=0.001), poor for CMV IgM and moderate for Rubella virus IgM.Conclusion : The accurate diagnosis of TORCH infection should be done by molecular method.

افرازات حلمة الثدي كعلامة دالة حول امراض الثدي في مستشفى بعقوبة التعليمي == Nippel Discharge As Presentation of Underlingbreast Diseases At Baqubah Teaching Hospital

اسم المؤلف: فراس منذر متعب
اسم المشرف: مصطفى خليل حميد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الجراحة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: افرازات حلمة الثدي مشكلة عرضية شائعة تسبب الكثير من المضايقة والقلق للنساء, وقد تكون اول ما يشتكي منها المريضة، افرازات حلمة الثدي يمكن ان يكون علامة التقديم الاسبق لامراض الثدي الخبيثة.الغرض من الدراسةهذه الدراسة بنيت على ت

تاثير التعويض الجزئي والكلي للاسنان على فحوصات كفاءة الرئتين عند مرضى السكري نوع - 2 == Effect of Partial And Complete Denture Treatment On Spirometric Tests In Type 2 Diabetic Patients

اسم المؤلف: حسين مهدي حسين الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: يسار محمد حسن الشماع
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذه الدراسة العرضية, تم اختيار 140 شخصا بصورة عشوائية, من بينهم 90 كان مصابا بالسكري والباقون كانوا سليمين ,لدراسة تاثير ارتداء طقم الاسنان الكلي والجزئي من قبل مرضى السكري على فحوصات كفاءة الرئتين وبالتحديد, , السعة الحيوية القسرية (FVC)و الحجم الزفير | In this cross sectional study, a total number of 140 subjects selected randomly, 90 of them were diabetic and the remaining were normal, to study the effect of complete and partial dentures wearing by diabetic patients on pulmonary function test particularly peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume ratio (FEV1/FVC) ratio (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC), and also the retropharyngeal space (RPS), the level of Endothelial selectin (E - selectin) and the level of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule - 1(VCAM - 1)was also compared, in this study, between the diabetic and the normal subjects.The results indicate that the spirolab III was accurate and reproducible and can be used in all related studies.The effect of wearing of complete and partial dentures by diabetic patients on FVC, FEV1, PEFR and also the degree of alteration of the RPS were measured.1) The results of the study shows a significant increase in values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) (p<0.05), while there was no significant change in the value of FVC after the replacement of complete denture.2) No statistically significant differences in the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) was observed after replacement of partial denture without free end extension3) There was a significant increase in values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) (p<0.05), never the less there was no significant change in the value of FVC after the replacement partial denture with unilateral free end extension.4) There was a significant increase in values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) (p<0.05), However there was no significant change in the value of FVC after the replacement partial denture with bilateral free end extension5) The results showed that in poor and good control diabetic patients there was a significant decrease in the values of FEV1, PEFR, FEV1%and RPS after the removal of all types of dentures(p<0.05), while no significant change in FVC.6) Statistical significant increase in Serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level was found in diabetic patients when compared to that of the normal subjects (p<0.05).7) No statistical significant difference between serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level in diabetic patients after and before denture placement (p>0.05). The cause of the significant change in the values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) in case of complete and partial denture with free end extension replacement may be due to pressing of the retropharyngeal space bilaterally and unilaterally by the complete and partial denture and the FVC was not significantly changed because it may not be affected by denture support, while the elevated Serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level might indicate endothelial activation and inflammation.In conclusion we can conclude that 1. The spirolabIII used in this study is an accurate and reproducible device and can be used in the assessment of lung function test.2. Values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) where significantly higher after the replacement of complete denture and partial denture with bilateral and unilateral free end extension in diabetic patients (p<0.05), while there was no significant change in the value of FVC.3. No statistically significant differences in the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) was observed after partial denture without free end extension has been replaced in diabetic patients.6. In poor and good control diabetic patients there was no significant change in the value of FVC, while the values of FEV1, PEFR, FEV1%and RPS where significantly decrease after the removal of all types of dentures.8. Statistical significant increase in Serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level was found in diabetic patients when compared to that of the normal subjects.9. The results for serum level of E - selectin and VCAM - 1 shows no significant difference diabetic patients after the placement of all types of dentures (p>0.05).

تاثير مستخلص الكركم الخام على التعبير الجيني لمورثة البروتين المنظم للغشاء الحيوي لجرثومة Streptococcus mutans المعزولة من التجويف الفمي == Effect of Curcumine Crude Extract On The Gene Expression of Biofilm Regulatory Protein A (Brp A) In Streptococcus Mutans Isolated From Oral Cavity

اسم المؤلف: نزار احمد شهاب
اسم المشرف: عدنان حمد عبيد الحمداني | عدنان حمد عبيدالحمداني
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت 100 مسحة فموية من مرضى تسوس الاسنان وامراض ما حول الاسنان الذين تراوحت اعمارهم ما بين 15 - 65 سنة ومن كلا الجنسين والذين راجعوا المركز التخصصي لطب الاسنان في الديوانية للمدة من كانون الاول 2012 الى اذار 2013 لغرض قياس التعبير الجيني لمورثة البروتين ا | A total of 100 oral swabs were collected from patients suffering from dental caries and priodontal infections, ranging from 15 - 65 years old of both genders whom admitted to the Al - Diwaniyah Teaching Special Center of Dentistry within the period from December 2012 to March 2013, in order to quantify the gene expression of biofim regulatory protein (Brp A) in Streptococcus mutans isolates by using the Real Time polymerase chain reaction. According to morphological, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests by using VITEK - 2 system, 34/84(40.47%) isolates of S.mutans were isolated and identified among streptococcus species and the isolation percentages were 26/50(52%) in males and in females were 24/50(48%), while the age group (15 - 25 years old) was the most affected than the other groups. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences among the interaction between gender and age groups. Molecular detection of 16s rRNA gene was amplified to confirm the diagnosis of S.mutans isolates, where all isolates gave an amplicon size (151) bp, in addition to, the DNA sequencing was done in order to identify the nitrogen bases sequences and phylogeny of local isolates in comparison with the global isolates (Spain, Japan, Korea, USA, Canada, India), results revealed that the local isolates of S.mutans had a similarity percent (90%) with Spain isolates.Furthermore, the susceptibility of isolates to a variety of antibiotics have been investigated. It has been found that isolates had multiresistance to erythromycin(88.2%),ampicillin(76.4%),amoxiclave(70.5%),tetracycline(61.7%), nalidixic acid and amoxicillin (58.8%), chloramphenicol (55.8%). The statistical analysis showed a significant differences among tested antibiotics. Biofilm formation was investigated phenotypically by using tissue culture plate with crystal violet staining for resistant S.mutans isolates, the results revealed that all isolates were high biofilm former, furthermore, the effect of ethanolic extraction (50%) of curcumine in growth inhibition and biofilm reduction of S. mutans was assayed. The results showed an effect of curcumine in comparison with chlorhexidine(2%) as a control.The gene expression of biofilm regulatory protein A(Brp A) was quantified in comparison with housekeeping gene 16s rRNA as a reference gene of biofilm S.mutans by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR). The results revealed that the expression (relative&absolute) of Brp A gene is decreased in the test treatment (S.mutans with 1% glucose+ 50% curcumine) in comparison with control (S.mutans grown in 1% glucose only).In conclusion, the present study established the role of Brp A gene in biofilm formation

تعقب الليشمانيا الجلدية بالاختبارات التحليلية الوبائية والطفيلية والجزيئية والكيمياحياتية == Tracking of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis By Epidemiological, Parasitological, Molecular And Biochemical Analysis

اسم المؤلف: سندس نصیف الحجیمي
اسم المشرف: باقر عبیس سلطان | محسن عبد الحسین الظالمي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الاحياء المجهرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was performed to identify the species and strain of Leishmania parasite isolated from different endemic areas. It was carried out on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in five Iraqi provinces as following : Al - Najaf province ( Al - Hakeem and Al - Sadder teaching hospitals), Babylon province ( Marjan hospital ), Al - Qadisya province (AL - Sadder Teaching hospital ), Karbala province (Al - Hussain General Hospital) and Kut province (Al - Zehraa Teaching and Al - Kerama Hospitals). It covered seven hospitals as a field of investigations from October 2010 to December 2012.Cellulose acetate electrophoresis has been performed in Walter Reed Institute of researches in USA. A total of 126 cases comprising 48(38%) females and 78(62%) males were studied. The highest infected age group was 21 - 30 years with a rate of 27.8% and the lowest rate was 11.9% at the age group of 10 and less years.Geographical distribution of CL among hospital patients indicated that rural areas were with highest rate (54%) while in urban areas were with(46%).The number of ulcers per one patient differs for each patient. The highest rate of multiple lesions was 73% in comparison with single lesion (27%).The type of infection showed that disease was in wet type (82.5%) more than in dry type (17.5%). Direct smears were made by lesion aspiration,skin scraping and discharged blood methods , by which 90 (71%) patients gave positive result under light microscope.Modified NNN medium and RPMI - 1640 with fetal bovine serum followed by sub - culture in drosophila Schniders media were performed for each case. Out of 126 cases,83(65%) gave positive growth. Further characterization of the causative parasite species and strain made by molecular and biochemical techniques.Out of 83 postive growth culture,only 52 specimens were studied by nested - PCR, using kinetoplast minicircle fraction amplification to detecte the species of parasite.It was found that 45(86.5%) cases in the generation of a 560 bp DNA and 7(13.4%)patients displayed a fragment of 750 bp, corresponding to L. major and L. tropica, respectively.This test revealed that L. tropica and L. major are the causative agents of infection with dominant shifting to the L. major.Cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE) was performed for 20 mass cultivated cultures. Isoenzyme profiles of these isolates were compared with reference strains of Leishmania spp. using cellulose acetate electrophoresis and 4 enzyme systems (glucose phosphateisomerase,leucil phosphate,manose phosphate isomerase and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). The results showed that L.major(LV39) isolate were in 20 mass cultivated culture.Most of the CL patients in Najaf province(2011,2012) were from Haidariya in north district. High prevalence of disease was observed in Autumn and Winter.The highest number of cases was recorded during February and December.

مقارنة بين النوع الثاني من مرض السكري ومرض السكري المناعي الذاتي المتاخر الظهور للبالغين باستخدام مؤشرات الخلايا اللمفاوية وملف الحركيات الخلوية == Comparison Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults Using Lymphocytes Markers And Cytokines Profile

اسم المؤلف: سوسن محمد جبار الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: سلمان عزيز الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الاحياء المجهرية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was done to investigate whether Type 2 diabetes and Latent autoimmune diabetes of adult (LADA) patients have similar or different immunological profile.Therefore, measurement of serum levels of adhesion molecules (Serum intracellular cell adhesion molecule(sICAM - 1), Serum vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM - 1) and Serum endothelial Selectin (sESelectin)), chemokines (CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4) and cytokines (IL - 6, IL - 1receptor antagonist and IFN - ?) in these patients was done. In addition to the influence of BMI, gender, age and diabetes duration on these systemic immune mediators were analyzed. Also, the relationships of the in vivo levelsof these mediators with micro - & macro - vascular complications in type 2 diabetes & LADA were studied.Three hundred individual were enrolled in this study and were divided into two subgroups : patients and control groups (280 patients& 20 control). From the 280 patients group who were clinically diagnosed as type 2 D.M., 34 patients were GADA positive and considered as LADA cases. Serum samples were taken from The 34 LADA cases, 36 cases of D.M.2 (selected randomly from the remaining 246 diabetic type 2 patients) & 20 healthy control subjects.The prevalence of LADA among D.M.2 patients was 12.1%. A significant difference in family history, BMI, FBS, HA1C & duration of D.M. was found in D.M.2 cases compared to LADA cases. The mean sVCAM - 1level of control group was significantly lower than D.M.2 and LADA group, P<0.05. The sE - Selectin level was higher in LADA group than control and D.M. type 2 group & significantly different when compared to control group (P<0.05). The sVCAM - 1 level had a significant positive correlation (R=0.25, P=0.017) with BMI in all groups. LADA group had significantly higher values of CCL2 while D.M. type 2 had the least values (P=0.002). The mean IL - 6 of D.M. type 2 group was (11.6±3.1), for LADA group it was (12.4±1.7) and for the controls it was 0.95 ± 0.14. There was a statically significant difference between D.M.2 vs. controls, and LADA vs. controls (P<0.05), regarding the mean IFN - ?, it was significantly higher in LADA group than D.M.2 group (87.5 ± 20.3) vs. (40.3 ± 4.5) respectively, (P=0.032).The mean IL - 1receptor antagonist was significantly higher in D.M. type 2 and LADA cases than controls (P<0.05). A significant positivecorrelation between IL - 6 and sICAM - 1, (R= 0.27, P= 0.013) & a highly significant positive correlation between IL - 6 and IL - 1RA, (R= 0.35, P=0.001) were found. IL - 6 & IL - 1RA serum levels in D.M. type 2 patientswere significantly associated with the complications where p - value?0.05. For conclusions, LADA is clinically underestimated among D.M. type 2 patients and increases with increasing age. Also, Levels of CCL2 and IFN - ? are associated with autoimmunity, Levels of adhesion molecules & chemokines are associated with complications of diabetes.

التقييم التجريبي لتاثير الروزفستاتين المضاد للالم والمضاد للالتهاب وتداخله مع السليكوكسب والباراسيتامول == Experimental Evaluation of The Antinociceptive And Anti - Inflammatory Effects of Rosuvastatin And Its Interaction With Celecoxib And Paracetamol

اسم المؤلف: سرمد عبد العباس كشمر
اسم المشرف: عبد الله محمد جواد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الطب - قسم الادوية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اظهرت الدراسات بان الستاتينات تؤدي الى تقليل الوفيات بدرجة اكبر من ان تعزى الى تاثيرها الخافض للكوليستيرول بمفرده لان الفائدة حدثت بشكل اسرع مما يمكن تفسيره على وفق الالية سالفة الذكر. هذه الفوائد يمكن ان يكون لها علاقة بتاثيرات الستاتينات المضادة للالتها | Studies revealed that statins can result in a larger mortality benefits than can be readily explained by their cholesterol - lowering effect alone since they occur too quickly to be explained by the above cited mechanism. These benefits might be related to the anti - inflammatory and other effects statins may have.AimTo find out the extent to which rosuvastatin (a hydrophilic statin) can be considered as an antinociceptive and anti - inflammatory drug in comparison to two standard drugs; paracetamol and celecoxib, and whether its potential antinociceptive effect differs in different pain models. The interaction of rosuvastatin with paracetamol and celecoxib will also be investigated. MethodsMice (a total of 132) of either sex, 3 - 4 weeks of age, 20 - 25 gm body weight, were used (22 mice for each of six groups). Tests for nociception : tail flick, hot plate and formalin tests; and for inflammation (formalin for chronic inflammation, carrageenan - induced paw edema, and TNF - alpha level in blood) were used. Rosuvastatin (7mg/kg), paracetamol (40mg/kg), celecoxib (6mg/kg) or their combination were administered orally once daily in a volume of 0.2 ml. TNF alpha level in blood was measured using ELISA kit.ResultsThe antinociceptive effect of rosuvastatin when investigated in mice using tail flick, hot plate and formalin tests, showed that rosuvastatin has a mild antinociceptive effect which is much less than that of paracetamol and celecoxib tested in the same pain models. It increased the latency for tail flick by only 13.3% when compared to pre - treatment measurements, and in formalin test, it reduced the licking time by 20.9% in comparison to control. The administration of rosuvastatin with either paracetamol or celecoxib did not add to the antinociceptive effects of the latter two drugs (except in formalin test of pain model). None of the above mentioned drugs significantly reduced hind - paw edema when measured 24 hours after formalin injection, while they produced a significant edema - reducing effect after 14 days. Rosuvastatin and paracetamol had nearly similar effect (54.12% and 58.37% reduction compared with control). Celecoxib reduced the hind - paw edema by 73%. Again there was no additive effect between rosuvastatin and either paracetamol or celecoxib; in contrast, rosuvastatin reduced nearly all the effects of celecoxib when given in combination. Similar trend was found when edema was induced by carrageenan injection. TNF alpha level in blood had been reduced by all the three drugs and their combinations but did not reach statistical significance except in the group of rosuvastatin and paracetamol combination.ConclusionRosuvastatin showed a significant antinociceptive effect in tail flick and in formalin test, but not in hot plate test. It had anti - inflammatory and edema - reducing effects in models of inflammation in mice but the effect was less than that of celecoxib and even paracetamol. These rosuvastatin effects did not add to those of paracetamol and had caused a reduction in celecoxib (except for formalin pain model) effects when given in combination.

تاثير الايتانرسبت على السايتوكينات وموت الخلايا المبرمج جراء انقاص الارواء الدموي واعادته لعضلة القلب في ذكور الفاران == Effect of Etanercept Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Male Mice

اسم المؤلف: سيف محمد حسن
اسم المشرف: نجاح رايش هادي الموسوي | فاضل غالي يوسف العمران
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الادوية والعلاجيات
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يمثل نقص ارواءعضلة القلب واعادة الارواء مشكلة ذات صلة سريريه مرتبطة بالجلطات والقسطرة وجراحة تغيير الشرايين التاجيه. تشمل اصابة عضلة القلب بسبب نقص التروية الدمويه واعادتها ضعف مقلص القلب، عدم انتظام ضربات القلب وكذلك تلف الخلايا العضلية التي لا رجعة في | Background : Myocardial ischemia - reperfusion represents a clinically relevant problem associated with thrombolysis, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. Injury of myocardium due to ischemia - reperfusion includes cardiac contractile dysfunction, arrhythmias as well as irreversible myocytes damage. These changes are considered to be the consequence of imbalance between the formation of oxidants and the availability of endogenous antioxidants in the heart. Objective : This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of etanercept in amelioration of myocardial I/R injury induced by ligation of coronary artery in a mice model.Material & method : adult male Albino mice were randomized into four equal groups.1. Group (1) : Sham group : mice underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure as the control group except ligation of LAD coronary artery.2. Group (2) : Control group : mice subjected to regional ischemia for 30 min by ligation of the LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours.3. Group (3) : Control vehicle group : mice subjected to regional ischemia for 30 min by ligation of the LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours and mice received vehicle of etanercept (normal saline) 5 minutes before reperfusion via I.P injection and.4. Group( 4) : Etanercept treated group : mice subjected to regional ischemia for 30 min by ligation of the LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours and mice treated with etanercept 5mg/kg i.p 5 minutes before reperfusion XVIIIResults : Compared with the sham group, the levels of TNF - ? & IL - 1?, IL - 6, Caspase 3 and plasma level of cardiac troponin I increased in the control group but decreased level of Bcl - 2 (p<0.01).Histologically, all mice in the control group showed significant (p<0.01) cardiac injury and apoptosis.Etanercept significantly decreased in myocardium level of TNF - ?, IL - 1B, IL - 6,Caspase 3 , and plasma cTnI (P < 0.01), while significantly increased level of Bcl - 2 (P < 0.01). Histological analysis revealed that etanercept markedly reduced (P < 0.01) the severity of cardiac injury in the mice underwent LAD ligation procedure. : ionsConcluThe results of the present study reveal that etanercept may ameliorate myocardial I/R injury in mice via interfering with inflammatory reactions and apoptosis. : RecommendationAfter studying the results of the present study, the following recommendation to further1. Further measuring the P - selctine and E - selectine to show the effect of etanercept on rolling of eutrophils and platelets that cause further occlusion of blood vessels.2. Further measure the adiponectine (that have a cardioprotective effect ).

العلاقة بين اعتلال الجهاز العصبي اللاارادي الناتج عن السكري مع مستوى اللبتين وامراض القلب حسب فحص ايكو القلب وفحص اجهاد القلب == Relation of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy With Leptin And Cardiac Disease Assessed By Echo And Treadmill Test

اسم المؤلف: زينب فلاح حسن
اسم المشرف: احسان محمد عبود عجينة | علاء حسين عباس
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الطب - قسم الفسلجة والفيزياء الطبية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : الاعتلال العصبي اللاارادي القلبي له تاثير سلبي على الحياة ونوعيتها للاشخاص المصابين بالسكري. الاعتلال العصبي اللاارادي القلبي يعتبر نوع فرعي من الاعتلال العصبي السكري. هذا النوع من الاعتلال هو الاكثر بروزا لتهديده للحياة وبسبب توفر الفحص القلبي | Background : Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) has a negative effect on survival and quality of life in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and is regarded as a subtype of the diabetic autonomic neuropathy. This type of neuropathy is the most prominent focusing because of its life threatening and the availability of the cardiovascular tests that can diagnose it. It has been thought that many factors in DM like leptin causing increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Researches about the relation of leptin with CAN and cardiovascular disease are yet limited.Aim of study : This study aims to determine the prevalence of CAN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, evaluate the association between CAN the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in these patients, test the association between CAN and ischemic heart disease and assess the relationship between the presence and severity of CAN with fasting serum leptin in these patients.Patients, materials and methods : This cross sectional study included 103 (56 males and 47 females) diabetic patients without hypertension or pre - diagnosis of ischemia. They had attended to the diabetic center in Marjan Medical City in Hilla from March 2013 to February 2014. The patients had undergone thorough assessments that included clinical (history and full examination) and biochemical assessments (measurement of fasting plasma sugar, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine and serum leptin level). Cardiac autonomic reflex tests were also assessed along with echocardiography and treadmill test. Cardiac autonomic reflex tests included the five tests of Ewing protocol. Patients who had two or more abnormal tests were considered as having CAN (75 patients) and those with less than two abnormal tests were considered as patients without CAN (28 patients). Results : The study found that most diabetic patients (84%) were obese (BMI?25 kg/m2) and most of the diabetic patients presented with CAN (72.8%). Fasting serum leptin level was higher in female than in male in both study groups (with and without CAN). Patients with CAN were older when compared to patients without CAN (p?0.01) and had longer duration of DM (p?0.01) with significantly higher fasting serum leptin levels. The leptin level showed a tendency to increase as the score of CAN increased. However, these changes were not significant (P>0.05). The most abnormal sympathetic response was diastolic blood pressure response to hand grip while the most abnormal parasympathetic response was heart rate response to breathing. On contrary, the lowest abnormal response was found in postural blood pressure test. Echocardiography showed that most of the diabetic patients (89.8%) had a left ventricular hypertrophy by measuring the left ventricular mass index. However, there were no significant changes in echocardiographic results between patients with CAN and those without.Conclusions : This study concludes that CAN is a common complication of type 2 diabetes that affected a large percentage of diabetic patients. The duration of the diabetes and the age of patients are important non modifiable risk factors for the development of CAN. Additionally, heart rate variability is considered as an important test for early detection of CAN. On the other hand, CAN has no impact on the occurrence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Leptin level was high in diabetic patients and even higher in those with CAN and its levels related positively with the severity of CAN. Also, there were high leptin levels in diabetic patients with positive treadmill test results, although these changes were not significant (P>0.05).

فاعليه تطبيق الممرضين للممارسات القياسية على العناية بالاطفال حديثي الولادة المصابين بمتلازمة كرب التنفس في وحده العناية بالاطفال حديثي الولادة في مستشفيات بغداد للاطفال التعليمية == Effectiveness of Nurses Application of Standard Practices On Care of Newborn With Respiratory Distress Syndrome In Neonatal Care Unit At Children And Maternity Teaching Hospitals

اسم المؤلف: محمد عزيز حسن
اسم المشرف: اقبال غانم علي معلة
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التمريض
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت دراسة شبه تجريبية في مستشفيات بغداد للاطفال التعليمية للفترة من 28 من كانون الثاني الى الاول من ايلول لسنة 2014 لتقييم فاعلية تطبيق الممارسات القياسية للممرضين والذين يتعاملون مع الاطفال حديثي الولادة المصابين بمتلازمة كرب التنفستم تقييم الحاجة من | A quasi experimental(interventional) study was carried out at Baghdad pediatric teaching hospitals in Baghdad from the 28th of January to the 1st of September 2014 to assess the effectiveness of the application of standardized practices to nurses dealing with neonate with respiratory distress syndrome. Assessment of needs was done to evaluate the nurses practices towards neonates with respiratory distress syndrome in neonatal care unit(NCU) by using a special format which includes multiples questions related to nurses knowledge and practices for 10 nurses works at the private Nursing home.The result of the assessment revealed that the nurses have poor knowledge and practices towards neonates with RDS. A pretest test was performed before the application of the program for 35 nurses, three of them was out of the study sample.Observation their practices based on the standardized items which was prepared by the researcher and extensive review of the literature. A non - probability (purposive) sample of 32 nurses who work in the neonate intensive wards was chosen to be involved in study sample, and an educational program was designed based on the results and basic nursing guidelines related to care for neonate with respiratory distress syndrome, it consists of two parts : the first part consists of demographic data, and the second part consists of an observational checklist format related to the nurses practices in care of neonate with respiratory distress syndrome. The questionnaire was used to observe the nurses practices in the pre - test applied before the program started , post - test 1 immediately after the application of the program, post test 2 after 1 month from the post test 1,and a post 3 after 2 months from the second post test. The reliability of the questionnaire was conducted through a pilot study and validity through a panel of experts. The data were analyzed through the application of a descriptive statistics frequencies ,percentages ,and application of inferential statistical procedures which include Pearson correlation coefficient and paired test. The finding of the study revealed that the nurses practices towards neonates with respiratory distress syndrome were improved after the implementation of the program in most of the items of the post test 1 ,2,and 3 of the program, and there is a significant association between nurses' practices and their level of education in most of the program items, There was also a significant association between nurses practices and years of their experiences. The study recommended increasing knowledge and practices of the nurses working in the neonatal care unit through regular training courses, in addition to increasing the number of graduated nurses from the College of Nursing in this critical unit.

تاثير البرنامج التثقيفي التمريضي على معارف وممارسات الملاك التمريضي ازاء التاهيل القلبي لمرضى النوبة القلبية == The Effectiveness of Nursing Educational Program On Nurses Knowledge And Practices Toward Cardiac Rehabilitation For Patients With Heart Attack

اسم المؤلف: احمد عجلان علاوي ناصر
اسم المشرف: حكيمة شاكر حسن
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التمريض
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت دراسة شبه تجريبية في مستشفى الشيخ زايد ومستشفى الصدر العام ومستشفى الكرخ العام ومستشفى الكرامة ومدينة الامامين الكاظمين الطبية ومستشفى بغداد التعليمي للفترة من الاول من ايلول2013 الى الاول من ايلول2014 تهدف الدراسة الى تقويم فاعلية البرنامج ال | A quasi - experimental design study was carried out at the AL - Sheikh Zayed hospital; AL - Sader; Al - Karkh ;AL - Karama ;Imameinkadhimein medical city and Baghdad Teaching hospital during the period from 1st September 2013 to 1st September 2014. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing education program on the nurses knowledge and practice toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patients with heart attackThe program and instrument were constructed and developed by the researcher for the purpose of the study A random sample composed of (80) nurses was divided into two groups , the experimental group consisted of (40) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted of (40) nurses were not exposed to the program.Reliability of instrument was determined through the use of test and retest for the knowledge test and inter - observation for practice and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. The instrument to measure the effectiveness of nursing educational program on nurses knowledge and practice included (30) items concerning the nurses knowledge and 58 items included nurses practice nurses practices toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patients with heart attack.The analysis of data was performed through the application of description statistic(Frequencies, Percents, and Cumulative Percentages , Mean of Score , Standard Deviation , Relative Sufficiency ) and Inferential statistical (Contingency Coefficients , Chi - Square test , Fisher to present the differences between the experimental and control groups. The results of the study shows that the nursing educational program regarding nurses knowledge toward cardiac rehabilitation program phase one is effective. They also shows that there is a good improvement with highly statistically significant differences between pre - post tests of experimental group in overall domains related to nurses practice in items of health assessment heart, assessment chest pain, cardiogenic shock, daily activity living and health education. The study concluded that the nurses working in coronary care unit have deficient knowledge and practices toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patient with heart attack. The study also confirms that the instruction oriented program on nurses in the experimental group is successful. The study recommended that the nurses staff can be encouraged and having motivation for being participated in the special training programs and conference to fulfill the nurses needs concerning defects and limitations ed in their practice toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patient with heart attack.

التشويه في جماليات تصاميم اثاث الشارع وسبل معالجتها == Distortion In The Beauty Of The Design Of Street Furniture And The Methods To Remedy Them

اسم المؤلف: بان محمد شاكر الطائي
اسم المشرف: نوال محسن علي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التصميم الصناعي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الفنون الجميلة - قسم التصميم
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتناول الدراسة الحالية (التشويه في جماليات تصاميم اثاث الشارع وسبل معالجتها ) بصورة اكثر شمولية من مثيلاتها لما لها من اهمية في ذائقية المتلقي من خلال البعد الوظيفي والمظهري لاثاث الشارع مع الحفاظ على الهوية والخصوصية في التصاميم , وان مشكلة البحث تحددت | The Current Study deals with(distortion in the beauties of Street Furniture Designs and how to remedy them), in more comprehensive manner than other similar conditions, because of the importance to reflect in the taste of the recipient by the function and the visual aspect of street furniture with maintaining the identity and privacy in the designs , and the problem of the research was out lined in the following question : What are the aspects of distortion in the beauties of furniture used in local areas (street furniture) and methods of treatment ?As for the importance of the research , it was focused in raising the level of taste for beauty of the recipient by determining the distortion taking place in the beauties of the design with finding means to fix this distortion while the research aims to specify the concept and type of distortion taking place in the beauties of street furniture as for the research limits they were outlined by the subject of distortion in beauties of the design of street furniture units used in public areas and how to fix them , in Baghdad /(Alwaziriyah) for the duration(2009 - 2014).As for the procedures of the Research the descriptor method was employed with accrediting a questioner from, which specified the basic axis of analysis, and the researcher have found out the following important results : The distortion took place in the percentage and in some models with a distortion in the visual communication as a result of misuse as the metal ore was distorted because of the bad joining methods which was affected in the climate conditions in several models.The most important conclusions : When the designer ignores the design foundations and the relations the distortion appears unintentionally in the appearance of the industrial product and by choosing some types of ores and joining methods and failing to use good painting , this create is an obvious distortion in these units because they were exposed for different environmental and climate effects which have contributed in creating the distortion , and the research ended by offering a set of recommendations and proposals.

البعد الجمالي في التكوينات الابداعية للخط العربي == Aesthetic Dimension In Linear Formations Creative Calligraphy

اسم المؤلف: كريم سالم الساعدي
اسم المشرف: جواد عبد الكاظم فرحان الزيدي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الخط والزخرفة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الفنون الجميلة - قسم الخط العربي والزخرفة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد مسالة الابداع والابتكار واحدة من اهم المسائل التي تشغل الانسانية في شتى مجالات المعارف والعلوم والفنون، فالابداع سمة العصر الحديث والطريق نحو النمو والرقي الحضاري، ولا يستثنى اي حقل معرفي او جمالي من الانشغال في قضية الابداع والابتكار فهما وسيلة التا | The issue of creativity and innovation is one of the most important issues of concern to humanity in various fields, Creativity characteristic of the times and the road towards progress and prosperity.To Aisttny any field of cognitive or aesthetic preoccupation with this issue, they are the means of meditation deep problems in order to develop solutions to the original and suitable.In Arabic calligraphy, which still indicates many of the questions and give a lot of fields of research is the study of dimensions of creativity is very important to deepen in the region to focus on the aesthetic and artistic objectives.When not studied this issue extensively, has directed the researcher to study through the four seasons, wondering in his first season for dimensional aesthetic that is available by formations linear, and attributes its transformation into a formality creative new leaves the context of traditional and maintains the rules discreet Arabic calligraphy.In the theoretical framework have addressed researcher in three sections to the concept of linear creative formations, as well as the characteristics of the formal and aesthetic and semantic configurable linear, and the effectiveness of Marja receive text language as a springboard aesthetic creative founder of the degree zero aesthetic in modern linear configuration.This included the third chapter action research to analyze the models selected sample and the approval of the orientations of the search, the according to a set of pillars appropriate to achieve the objectives of the research, and seal search a bid for the results showed the contribution of infrastructure design and processing of the contents of the text, and overlapping techniques races other technical in the incorporation of the dimensions of the aesthetic and creative in the configuration linear , as demonstrated by the conclusions of the possibility of achieving the objectives set for the search through the system prepared by the researcher and down to develop a set of recommendations and proposals.

البناء التشكيلي للرسوم الموجهة للاطفال == The Formation Structure of The Painting For Children

اسم المؤلف: كاظم عبد الزهرة رسن
اسم المشرف: نجم عبد حيدر الجنديل
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الرسم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Developed countries got interested in comic stories after they touched the amount of their broad impact on the development of the child 's perceptions and influence on the growth of his character , and reached this limit interest forcing governments themselves to the legislation of laws that regulate and develop basic obligations and the rules of this art.It was a comic fount major supplying communities with knowledge and science and the publications that contain Comics spread widely distributed millions of copies and were conducted in the world hundreds of thousands of research studies and articles about this art , while the remaining Arab world and the Iraqi JH particular deals with this art has led to marginalize him , what was a major reason for the decline in the level of what is produced in this field of fees , in the Arab world is seen drawing for children as a limited role on decorating books and magazines is not seen critics and researchers to outcomes that will be drawing the bulk of them , but from the perspective of educational denial role art - making communities.From here came the attention of the researcher and its insistence on research in the history of this art and details and patterns , trends, and especially after it was discovered that the Arab Research and Studies in this regard are not available at all Never before an Arab researcher that the research in this field.Can be summed up what he had done researcher in this research are as follows : Researcher touched in the first quarter of the research to the research problem , and the spatial and temporal boundaries , and goals , and the definition of terms for a definition of the research linguistically ,in termly and procedurally.In the second chapter , which included theoretical framework , touched a researcher in the first section to the child's personality and how to grow , noting that growth determinants and reviewing the school when it came , in the fields of psychological and social science theories.While the second part consisted of comics history with a review of the most important patrons referring to the history of censorship art Alcolmx and laws enacted by governments because of the spread of this art is widely and people wanting it.In the third section reviewed the researcher styles and trends pursued by graphic artists are important in the world referring to a group of professional painters who left a clear imprint in the history of this art.While ensuring the fourth section a review of the history and active storyboards in Iraq , and was talking about the pioneers of this art in

المنظومة الضوئية وتغير المكان في العرض المسرحي العراقي == Lighting System And The Change of Place In Iraqi Theatrical Show

اسم المؤلف: علي محمود محمد السوداني
اسم المشرف: قاسم مؤنس عزيز
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون المسرحية - تقنيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

ما بعد الحداثة وانعكاساتها في سينوغرافيا العرض المسرحي العراقي == Postmodernism And Anekasthe In Scenography Supply Iraqi The

اسم المؤلف: فيصل علي شرين الدوسكي
اسم المشرف: قاسم مؤنس عزيز
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون المسرحية - المنظر المسرحي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد فن المسرح من الظواهر الحضارية الانسانية، اذ يوصف بالتطور على مستوى وجود الانسان بمستواة التاريخي، ويعد قديما على مستوى ظهور الحضارات الكبرى كما هو حال حضارة وادي الرافدين، ووادي النيل، والحضارة الاغريقية...الخ.ويمكن لقاريء تاريخ المسرح ان يلتمس ت | The art of the theater phenomena of human civilization , as described evolution at the level of the existence of the historical rights to its level , and is out of date at the level of the emergence of great civilizations , as is the case with the civilization of Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley and the Greek civilization... etc..A reader theater history to seek the development of the theater with Greek civilization and Romania to disclose material and references and institutions with beginnings and growth , which differed in which researchers , but what can we adopt in this thesis is what constitutes the structure PRESENTATION formal and dynamic game play as the development of methods Manifesting dazzling accompanied this growth of civilization , which can be described as the growth of tissue adopted all the knowledge available in the neighborhoods of the investment game play , including the science of optics and physical blocks and the lighting and colors and different... etc. Alaihamat of Science neighboring possible to utilize them in a product of game play.This as well as the evolution and transformation of aesthetically pleasing as a result of shifts in the structure of consciousness itself , and appointed to the nature of beauty and the beautiful , including changes to the historical level of movements and technical approaches , which as the variable information on the level of art history , or philosophy of art history , and is the idea of post - modernism , and their productions of the most important aspects of development and transformation in the taste of the Assembly, which swept the arts and literature , and all the creative structures of human civilization , including the art of theater that has been affected by and produced what we might call postmodern theater , which skips steps intellectually and technically.One manifestation of the modern theater transformation broad scenography theater , which was adopted approaches and trends of modernity , starting from Impressionist and passing Baltkaaabah and symbolic and Dadaism and the end Balsraalah , but that theater modernism influenced by the art of assembly and installation , which is one of the arts postmodern At the time of modernity itself and it is normal because the interval between modernity and Beyond separator default, can not be entirely watershed where things are a lot of overlap.The postmodern art , particularly theater , has achieved the outcomes of the task can be half to proceed with actors , which will reveal the institutions of post - modernism itself , and these outcomes with regard to the art of body art of the earth , and Video, and digital art , and these trends that form the structure of post - modernism , and found its place fertile in the art of theater in its system design.The Iraqi theater of theaters in bold and call variables which surprised theaters in the neighboring countries and the manifestations of this is what we find in the daring design creations , especially theater scenography of postmodernism.The researcher found that this trend did not take his scientific position and described dimension for analysis and exploration and drilling flour , despite the importance of the subject and seriousness because a shift in the overall environment for viewing theater , directed towards the form that builds scenography theater as an important center and active in PRESENTATION , which shows the importance of this research and the need for him as well as the goals and limitations cited by the researcher in the first chapter of this thesis and after the completion of the researcher to this chapter represented a systematic framework for the search , and then the definition of terms , the frame of mind of knowledge ( theory) is built on the following according to the detective.To enable the researcher of the mechanism of scientific research the exact terms founded and bases to reveal the secrets of this organization and to realize the verdicts Almazmrh and which was governed by a set of structures and cultural patterns , social, economic and even psychological linked Bmarjaaat doctrinal through First research of the second quarter , which was under the title ( the philosophy of modernity onwards ) of this section has been detected philosophy of modernity and their references and their origins and transformations to the postmodern.The second section devoted to ( artistic forms of art postmodern ) because the subject of modernity and beyond is the fabric represents all aspects of civilization kinds Mstdeih inclusiveness and interaction of all aspects of culture change that was philosophically and politically or scientifically or technically , and calls for change and openness to the new.The third section ( Alcinogravea and a mechanism to engage in postmodern theater ) reveals that the correlation between design and architectural Alcinogravea stage and the mechanism of performance and technology that have subscribed to a set of elements and mechanisms that shape the visual presentation of the playwright. Reading is the new scenography in postmodern theater allows for the recipient that explains the artwork in his own way , but re - formed , and according to his reading on what he sees and diversity of stylistic trends of the scenography depending on the variety of trends and styles in the era of post - modernism.After he finished his research researcher kits through detective theoretical , intellectual and technical moved to the third quarter , which represents action research as beginning with his community and his research samples and method , and the method of sampling Mentahja intentionality of the total samples of the title in question and the justification for the selection of samples.Finally, it was the fourth quarter , representing the results and conclusions reached by scientific research which has important consequences on the theoretical level analytical and exploratory and finally the level of future default.The researcher presented at the end of his research recommendations was for supplements that include interviews and research provided by the professors thought and literature, theater and the creators of the design at the College of Fine Arts Mtfdilan thankfully they are both professors Prof. Dr. Fadil (Sami Abdul - Hamid ) , Dr Fadil ( Fadel Khalil ) Dr Fadil ( Salah reeds ) , Dr Fadil ( Abbas Ali Jaafar ) Dr Fadil ( star Haider ) , Dr Fadil ( Hussein Altk ) , Dr Fadil ( Mohammed Abdel - Rahman al - Jubouri ) , Dr Fadil ( Aqeel Muslim).Finally, like the researcher a statement that art ( scenography ) postmodernism in the Iraqi theater is an art recently has been associated with the renaissance of the theater , after the arrival of creative artists from Europe , including the artist ( Kadhim Haydar ) and artist (Sami Abdel Hamid) and artist (Ibrahim Jalal ) and artist ( Fadel Khalil ) and artist ( Salah reeds ), which is an inexact art and composite difficult to interact with it and achieve results , making its employees do not complete the fingers stop per numbering they Mtfaalon in the level of their offspring quantitative and qualitative , and many of the constraints facing the working art Alcingravea , including constraints and objective thought , because theater postmodern disregards the form and terms of reference or foundations or private art techniques , each work has its style and its terms of reference and ideas that are different from the other work

معطيات المعرفة العلمية للمتحول التقني في المنهج الصناعي == Personal Representative And Performance Between The Epic Theater And Gala Theater Offers In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: صلاح نوري محمود الجيلاوي
اسم المشرف: قدوري عراك صكر | هدى محمود عمر
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التصميم الصناعي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الفنون الجميلة - قسم التصميم
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study entitled (the given scientific epistemological knowledge for the technical transformation in industrial product), approached the subject of design in general, and modern industrial product design, in particular, which employed modern techniques and have new concepts and ideas, which was the main element in making significant changes in product appearances. the first chapter included the research problem which it concentrate about identifying the epistemological systems and structure and foundations, which allows us to understand the mechanism and relational components of industrial product , according to that knowledge that contribute to the activation of mental images and imaginative abilities of industrial designer, and reproduction of ideas that used in identifying the technical transformation for that product. According to that, the research problem has crystallized by these questions : 1. does the scientific knowledge has contributed in evolving the product design, and how techniques effected by the upcoming of scientific knowledge? 2. the extent to which the Awareness of industrial designer expertise cumulative knowledge gained through the stages of time?While the importance clarified through the data of scientific knowledge and the overlapping with art, since such interference can appears the values of artistic techniques of product design, so the detection of creative achievement system of scientific knowledge of pure mathematics, physics, chemistry, and technical aesthetic knowledge that appear in the design of industrial product which brings us to an account of the movement of pattern of the mental mechanism visualization and call for a stylistic vocabularyof industrial product to deal with, as it shows the followingimportant points : 1. The pattern movement of mental perception mechanism with which industrial designer generates from which new and innovative ideas based on the accumulation of knowledge, which stores them in memory and call the vocabulary of industrial product and stylistic interaction. 2. The scientific construction mechanism of knowledge and expertise to the industrial designer can be the organization that operates the juxtaposition actor and moving in the structure of the fabric with Other cognitive knowledge. The study aimed to detection and identification knowledge for scientific knowledge and its relationship to technical transformation and their implications in the design of industrial products.And the study formed of four chapters, the first chapter is the research problem and its importance and its objectives and its borders and determine the terms. the second chapter contains on previous studies and theoretical framework , which included four sections. First section dealt with the aspects of philosophical scientific knowledge , and ensure the second section shifts the intellectual , philosophical and tracks applied , and the third section , entitled the concept of technical and its applications in the design , and the fourth section has dealt with the concept and awareness of modern aesthetic and the crux of this chapter, a set of indicators has dealt with Chapter III action research and methodology, as the researcher adopted a descriptive approach in the processof describing and analyzing models of the sample , while the Chapter IV describes the models and analyzed by form axes of analysis developed by the researcher , and the results and conclusions.Chapter four includes models described and analyzed by analysis axes form developed by the researcher, and the results and conclusions. the most important results that emerged from the study are as follows : 1. Diversity in the techniques of high - quality has contrebute in the devices used to distinguish according to specialties.2. the use of new materials in not used of industrial products with a new characteristics, helped achieve the concepts of reductionism and simplicity, durability and ease of use and the possibility of high composition.3. The presence of correlation between technique based on scientific knowledge and applications that have emerged in the experimental applications of industrial product which suited with the mechanics of the user, allowing him to a great deal of activities embodied in scientific knowledge and scientific applications.4. the Change in human behavior and activity through the interaction of functionality, which has contributed to the aesthetics and functionality of the product as a result of the employment of scientific knowledge and its implications, which appeared during the experimental applications. The most important conclusions that emerged from thestudy were : 1. The technologies evolve continuously invested scientific discoveries, and there is no doubt it is one of the effective means to overcome the problems facing the process of development in the industrial products , and this continuity in progress constitutes an important factor in the accumulation of knowledge, which in turn lead to progress and impressive innovation overall of human activities in those products. The technical evolution is an interconnected and connected to start one of them up where the other and in spite of the diversity of techniques between the equipment and the materials and information , but it all involved in creating the products of design will transfer industrial products from traditional character to the modern technical nature, which it need to integrate them , to systems more sophisticated , namely, ( Smart systems )2. The adoption of advanced scientific knowledge has been led to intellectual shifts in the designs of industrial products in terms of function and aesthetics, which gave the impression that intellectually to the role of knowledge in the development of the social life of the user.3. the scientific knowledge Contributed to improved in making changes to the concepts held by the industrial designer See Through accreditation and keep up with new technologies, and this will be achieved throgh the product which it has cognition communication between that and the user, and this is reflected in the designs of industrial product to suit the needs and functional requirements and aesthetic that fit with the taste of the user.4. That most of the techniques employed in contemporary designs of industrial products and its evolution, which is characterized by a technical Nanotechnology and technical tactile and digital technology and radiation, artificial intelligence and pooling of modern materials, which contributed to a change in systems of formal and functional designs in industrial products

جماليات توظيف برامجيات الحاسوب في سينوغرافيا العرض المسرحي == The Aesthetics of Employing Computer Softwares In The Scenography of Theatrical Show

اسم المؤلف: راوية جبار حسن
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الرحمن الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون المسرحية - تقنيات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان المسرح يعد حصيلة لتكامل النص مع الاداء الصوتي والحركي للممثلين ومدى انصهارهم مع المنظر والاضاءة والازياء، وهنا تظهر امكانية استخدام برامج الحاسوب في جزء من المنظر والمؤثرات الصوتية والضوئية وباستخدام تكنولوجيا العرض هذه مع بعض برامج الحاسوب مثل ( 3D G | The theater is considered as a product of text integration with voice and kinetic expression of the actors and their interaction with the scenery, lighting and costumes. Hence, we can find a possibility of using a computer in a part of the scene, sound and lightening effects. Using display technology by some computer programs such as (3D Graphics) and (Virtual Reality) can configure the sense of depth and different views that commensurate with the desired show. It is also characterized by dynamic capabilities which are not available in the traditional decor based methods. For example, dynamics allow making a change on the display elements with taking advantage of other video presentations to be an integral part of the background. The actual or real effects are to invest the non - final maximum energies for the PC in the creation of artwork tools and symbols, reproducing voice and image so that it its impact on viewers (sometimes) would exceeds the reality and beyond sometimes. The actual effectsoffer its tools to the computer user; would make it dive into an experience that is so close to reality. So the researcher has divided her research into four chapters : Chapter I - Research methodological framework : it includes the research problem, its importance, the need to it, its goals and limits. It ends with defining the following terms : (beauty, employment, software, computer, theatricalscene) Chapter II - it contains a theoretical framework for the research and previous studies, including four sections : First : the aesthetics of modern experiments in the formation of the scene. Second : technology and experimental trends.Third : the aesthetics of design by the computer (Digital Arts). Fourth : lighting devices used in modern theater. Finally, this chapter shows the indications that the theoretical framework ended up with.Chapter III : it includes the research procedures which the whole research was consisted of. It is limited to the Iraqi and Arabic theatrical performances. The samples of the research on the other hand were deliberately chosen by the researcher and for the following rationales : 1. The samples represent the research problem, its importance and its objectives. 2. The extent of disparity between the theatrical directors which the researcher has highlighted their scenes on a play that was embodied by their theatrical shows. 3. Archival sources of theater shows provide the sample of the research. Regarding the research methodology, the researcher has adopted the analytical approach in the presentation of theoretical framework, also adopted the descriptive approach in the presentation of samples brought by the whole research.As for the research tool, the researcher relied on the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework.The research samples are : 1. Adding Machine directed by (Ronald Wells)2. theatrical play (Play) directed by (Lance Jarafa)3. The use of technology in the play of (Othello) directed by (Salah Qasab).Chapter IV has included research results and conclusions, then the list of resources and supplements. Finally, it ends with an English abstract.

نظريات الاتصال الحديثة واسقاطاتها الفكرية على المنتج الصناعي == The Modern Communication Heories And Their Intellectual Impact On The Industrial Product

اسم المؤلف: جاسم احمد زيدان
اسم المشرف: شيماء عبد الجبار حميد العبيدي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التصميم الصناعي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الفنون الجميلة - قسم التصميم
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Industrial design is regarded as an intellectual and cognitive product that is developed with accordance to the analytical awareness of man interpreting accordingly the external existence with the means of senses which human and other creature have. The senses are the window overlooking the external world and the environment. The form the beginning of mediation and observance and concentration and the formation of depictions which work according to the innovative imagining.Therefore the industrial design is regarded as one of the important pivots of the fine arts. These pivots revolve around the bases of how to convey meaning or the design of the idea to the users or the receivers in the clarity with hindrance to the understanding.The language of visual communication which scientific ad practical bases are formed according to the modern theories of communication. It is the language of modern communication of signs and relations are connected together. The modern theories of communication have offered developed system of communication to the user. But these face the problem of awareness and culture in the confrontation of the developed industrial products (multi - purpose digital devices) as means of communication in finding utilities.Upon the above, the researcher preferred to found the problem of his study through revealing the reflections which are formedby the modern theories of communication on the industrial product of the electronic device (Smart TV, Smart Camera, interactive board, Tablet PC, Smart phone).The study aims at the following : 1 - Investigating the modern theories of communication ad their intellectual impacts on the industrial product.2 - Analysis of sample of modern industrial products to know the effect the modern theories of communication in the development of product.In order to verify these objectives, the researcher founded a theoretical framework that tackles the philosophical backdrops to knowledge and communication and put the following (3) inquiries : First inquiry : The relationship between sensual visual realization and communication.Second inquiry : the modern theories of communication and their application fields.Third inquiry : the aesthetic thinking and its relations to the theories of communication and their impact on the industrial product.The researcher comes up with a number of indications which resulted from the theatrical framework depending I the design of the instrument which is the content analysis form of the industrial product specified in the sample.In order to determine the modern theories of communication that could be concord with the samples of the study, the researcher made a survey of the opinions of the experts in these theories. They referred to him to the theories of (McLuhan - Diffusion and innovation - selective effect - developmental technology).The research community was confined in the products of Samsung ad Sony institutions. The researcher chose a sample of (5) products after consulting the experts in the field of industrial design. The, these samples were analyzed according to the analysis form prepared for that purpose, which was subjected to the validity coefficient test by exposing them to the group of experts.Based on the analysis conducted for the sample, the researcher came up with a number of findings : 1) The structure of the sample was characterized by an apparent functional value and utilization which the user can touch and enjoy in their aesthetic function.2) The sample was characterized by digital products with aesthetic value especially in relation to the outside form of these products which contain attractive points emerging from the utilizing features for every type. This created a form of power in the taste.3) There is a clear reflection of the modern theories of communication on the functions of the industrial productsof sample in the functional and utilizing ad aesthetic aspects.The most important findings are the following : Upon these conclusions the researcher made a number of recommendations which are :

البنية التشكيلية لشكل الثور في النحت العراقي المعاصر == Plastic Structure of Ox Shape At The Contemporary Iraqi Sculpture

اسم المؤلف: منى يونس عبد الجبار يونس عبد الجبار الجنابي
اسم المشرف: محمود عجمي جاسم الكلابي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النحت
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with study of ( Plastic structure of OX shape at the Contemporary Iraqi scdlpture ) , it comprises Four Chapters , First Chapter to demonstrate the Study Problem , its significant , its necessary , its target , and determine most important idiomsmentioned at the study.the study Problem inciudes raise limited questions about these study , and answering to that questions through debate main subject that connect to effect of human being at ancient period which is appearin the modern Art action as atopic subject submitted ti study through embodiment in modern Iraqi sculpture actions , and it should be adopted for intellectual and artistic composition to identify its essential.second chapter ( theoretical framework )comprises three topics , first topic deals with the concept of structure , second chapter concern with Iraqi environment effect on composition of OX s shape by course of time on distant ages , third chapter concernsstructure of OXs shape at modern art. chapter three includes study approach , in which researcher review Research population and its sample selection in addition to research tool and its approach. chapter four Ends with research results , conclusions , recommendations , andsuggestions , some of the results that study reach are : - 1 - Add aesthetic value for art action that embodied of OXs shape which has the content that interject subjective and objective of expression through forming of shape till it reach to a limited manner which hold that value , in addition to the intellectual value.2 - It is possible to set a value evaluation that on the vision simples of the OXs shape that has a determinants that embody by external form which determine the simple value that the action refer to it in this manner or embodiment.3 - the vision formulation of OXs shape in some samples has a decorative composition dominated by the nature of old Iraqi traditions that has its own reflect influence on such a simple of contemporary Iraqi sculpture.4 - Some of the OXs shape has a subjectivity plastic composition that alters the shape construction an aesthetic value more than objective one.

الصورة الطقسية في المسرح العراقي المعاصر : عادل كريم انموذجا == Ritualistic Image In The Contemporary Iraqi Theater. (Adel Kareem As A Sample

اسم المؤلف: سعدية نوري محمد
اسم المشرف: سعد عبد الكريم خيون
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون المسرحية - اخراج وتمثيل
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الزخارف الاجرية في القصر العباسي وامكانية توظيفها في اعمال الطلبة : النحت على الحجر انموذجا == The Stony Ornaments In Al - Abbasi Mansion And The Way of Using It In Student'S Workers Sample : Sculpture On Stone

اسم المؤلف: منذر عبد المنعم محمد الطائي
اسم المشرف: هاني محي الدين محمد النعيمي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التربية الفنية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The first chapter deals with studying the problem, the aims, the search limits and idioms and the production of the problem as follows : In general, the Islamic Art is special in its ornamental aspect. In this way the ornaments in all its kinds (Engendering, Vegetarian, Script and animal) becomes main part used a lot in most Artistic products in Moslems especially when in began to appear in Islamic building such as mansions, mosques, schools, all worship houses and holy places during the life of the Islamic city.The ornament with all its forms and shapes is one of the human aspects in Islamic Arab Art. Whether, it is important formed in ornamental lines or various ornamental shapes.One of the historical building that has still been in the city of Baghdad is "Al - Abbasi Mansion on the bank of Tigris which expresses the fabulous building in achievements and the high use of the stone ornament that decorated the walls from the outside and inside.To keep attractive value and the whole heritage of this mansion which expresses that technique and the way of pressing on stone by the ancient Iraqi sculpture all over the famous civilization of pesopetiemia that is used nowadays as a basic way of building the new ornament.And through the researcher's study in Sculpture's hall in the department and meeting a number of students and noticing their works, he finds that the students have no intellectual and practical skills about sculpture on stones because they don’t have enough knowledge about the way of direct achievement, they don’t know how to practice this kind of technique before.So the researcher wants to use the ornamental units in the students products in Collage of Art / Sculpture department in order to investigate about the answer of the following question of this study which is : Is it possible to use the ornaments from AL - Abbasi Mansion in sculpture works for Fine Art students / Plastic department/ sculpture part.The importance of answering the question in brief is that : - 1 - It is useful to the specialist sculpture in designing field , Arabic script , ornamental.2 - Supporting the calculums about designing the ornamental forms and the way of achieving them by using hellan stone or, gypsum marble in decorating the walls of buildings.The aim of this research is to be able to know the ornamental units of A L - Abbasi mansion and the ability to use it in the products of students in fine art college / plastic Department / sculpture part through : A - Making a training program to make students of Fine Art / sculpture part to know designing skills and achieving the ornamental units on stones.The researcher puts two supposals as follows : - 1 - There is no difference that has mathematical way on 0.05 between the students medium marks ( experimental group) who have been trained on sculpture on stone and practicing it through the works of third year students sculpture part according to program about their answers for items of intellectual total test before and after.2 - There is no difference that has mathematical way on the level of 0.05 between the students medium marks (experimental group) who have been trained on sculpture on Ahillan stone and practicing it through the work of third year students / Sculpture part according to the program about their answers for the items of practical total before and after and limits the research in : - The ornamental units that has been in AL - Abbasi mansion in Baghdad, the students of third year plastic sculpture part / Fine Art College / University of Mosul 2013/2014.The second chapter includes the visual aspects and the previous studies and the sources that are put in writing to get benefit from and the study of the researcher.To some points to make use of whenever he needs that through his paper some parts are united to be easy to study such as : a brief look on the history of AL - Abbasi mansion ornament , stony ornaments in AL - Abbasi : mansion.A historical summary about the appearance of Islamic Arab ornaments , the philosophy building the ornamental design. In structional design. The third chapter involves the research equivalents and the experimental.It limits the study experimentally and making a training program according to the scientific calculums for the scientific research. In this way the limits the community of the research and the experiment. It deals with community which the experimental about ten(girls and boys students) in the third year /sculpture / department / University of Mosul.The tools of the research include two tests the intellectual and the skillful before and after. The researcher used the scientific steps in finding the honest use of tools.Farther more , the research designs a form to evaluate the skillful performance , lastly , the researcher puts keys for answering , then he gets a help from two scoring who are specialist in the field of sculpture.The fourth chapter includes the most important results , it is obvious that there is a good achievement in the intellectual and skillful comprehension through the success in the studentsknowledgeable and skillful performance after training the students to practice sculpture on stone , they do very well. This shows the activate way in using this suggested program for this study.The researcher concludes that there is weakness in the knowledgeable part of the level of the 3rd year students/Fine Arts - College - University of Mosel.Probably the reason is that the academic calculums lack the students specialty because their training on clay materials only makes them lose the achieving skill of sculpture on stone in all its different kinds such as : stone marble and etc..1 - the lack of using work techniques (Sculpture tools) because of the lack getting the exact skill to Plastic Art students that leads to weakness in the students learning.2 - The lack of training students on sculpture to use different thing such as : stone, gypsum, marble and etc. makes them lose their skillful experiences.3 - Most of the teachers are old artists lack the practical experience for the new methods of teaching and technique of using the machines and the lack of using visual aids in front of the students.The researcher advised through his conclusions the followings : - 1 - Increasing the practical and the special part of both teacher and the students , through the continuous evaluation of the calculums and modernize them continuously.2 - Using this programed in this study to teach sculpture on stone for sculpture part and all other departments.3 - Opening complete modal workshop containing different materials and the useful tools in sculpture on stone, marble gypsum , wood ,etc……The research ends with some suggestions , then the scientific resources that can be used by the researcher

نظرية الحل الابتكاري TRIZ وانعكاساتها في التصميم الصناعي == Theory of Inventive Solution (TRIZ) And Their Repercussions In Industrial Design

اسم المؤلف: محمد علي حسين القيسي
اسم المشرف: قدوري عراك صكر
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التصميم الصناعي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الفنون الجميلة - قسم التصميم
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The importance of the research is the importance of the theory of (TRIZ), which are based on the scientific method resulting from the analysis of the content of more than two million patents, founder of (TRIZ) was Genrich Altshuller, it assumed that the principles of general creative form the basis of the output of creative and that these principles can be identified and transferred to others to make the innovation process more amenable to learn. It recognize as the most important theory of the task, as adopted in more than (50) major international companies, including Company (Boeing for the aircraft industry and Toyota Motor).To summarize the research's problem, there is no publication of TRIZ theory concerning industrial design, the goal of the research is to characterize and employ a matrix of contradictions for the purpose of contradictions matrix Created especially to industrial design. The search Limit to traditional TRIZ theory (1973), which includes a matrix of contradictions, which contain in its composition, the forty principles and the 39 engineering standards as objectives limits, the research contain its theoretical framework of four sections, the first section dealt with the creativity and its theatrical concepts. This has been confirmed that the creativity and innovation cannot be taught or trained or acquisition, as well as the concept of creativity after the first quarter of the last century which showed that creativity could be educated and transformed.The second part of the research explain TRIZ theory and nine of their instruments, The tool matrix contradictions have been allotted for the Study of particular axis as the basis for the study.The third section has dealt with the contradictions and i matrix Included on the study of the concept of contradictions besides reviewed the (39) engineering standards and forty principles, the fourth section studied eight previous TRIZ's studies.The most important findings of the study was achieved the contradictions matrix model of industrial design, which Includes on (20) engineering standards and (40) principle. These principles characterized of the examples used to explain them was new which is taken from the field of industrial design and pro

تاثير الاختزال على زجاج الخزف المؤكسد العالي الحرارة (Stoneware) : دراسة تجريبية مقارنة == The Effect of Reduction On The Oxidized High Temperature Pottery Glaze (Stoneware) : Comparative Experimental Study

اسم المؤلف: زيد لقمان محمد علي الهلالي
اسم المشرف: احمد هاشم عبد الكريم الهنداوي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الخزف
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول البحث تاثير الاختزال على الزجاج المؤكسد العالي الحرارة, اذ ان مشكلة البحث, معرفة التاثير على النتائج اللونية ونسيج السطح بالياته المختلفة بالمقارنة مع نتائجه بالحرق في الجو المؤكسد, وقد هدف البحث وضع قاعدة بيانات لتلك النتائج باختلاف الاجواء.تناول | This research dealt with the effect of reduction on the high temperature glaze, as the problem of the research is to know the effect on the color obtained and the effect on the surface texture in comparison with the results obtained in oxidized environment. The goal of the research was to establish a database for those results obtained in different environment.The second chapter dealt with the historical roots for the reduction technique used in the old civilization where different methods and techniques used.The research also studied the types of kilns and the methods used in both reduction and oxidization using fuel burn kilns. The research studied the most effective oxides used in reduction kiln especially Iron and Copper oxides in different ratios as well as different burning program.Three different glazing mixes was prepared, added to each one of them seven different quantities of the following : Three different glass mix been chosen after several experiments, then different percentage of oxide added was determined, red Iron oxide (Fe2O3) in percentages, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32, Copper Carbonate (CuCO3) in percentages of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16, the third mix was exactly the same second mix added to it 2 percent of Tin oxide (SnO2).A serious of firing program made in a Gas fired kiln with a firm downdraft controlled for both reduction and oxidation firing. Mean time all experiments done according to specific program through controlling the rate of temperature rise and timing the firing environment, the glass maturity temperature was set to be 1250 C°.Chemical and physical tests applied on the result of above which unveil a wide variation depending on the firing environments and the type of mix, all results shown in a comparison tables.Glaze mix was calculated according to glaze master program which shows the relation between the three oxide mix used (RO, R2O - R2O3 - RO2) accordingly the temperature and the property of glaze surface determined using Seger’s rule and Matrix dimensions system.Results were evaluated according to approved standards and scientific resources, as well as on the theoretical knowledge and previous studies.results were studied to find out the reason behind the color changes and the changes in surface texture in different firing environments.Most important conclusions are : • Reduction achieved good results for the high temperature glaze through increasing the activation of the material.• Celadon and Copper red colors obtained by adding low percent of coloring materials.• The desired copper red color was obtained by adding Stannic oxide (SnO2) which is quadratic ion (Sn+4 ) in oxidized environment to transform it to Stannous oxide (SnO) which is divalent ( Sn+2 ), in turn it will deoxidized during cool down process.• There was more shining and more even surfaces obtained in reduction process due to weakness in its structure for losing its binding Oxygen. The researcher recommended and suggested the following; • Studying the effect of reduction of high temperature glaze on porcelain clay.• Studying the variety results achieved by adding Copper and Iron oxides on high temperature glaze.• Studying the production of crystalline high temperature glaze in reduction environment.

مظاهر العنف في الرسم العراقي المعاصر == Phenomenology of Violence In Contemporary Art

اسم المؤلف: زهراء اياد محمد صادق
اسم المشرف: سلام جبار جياد السوداني
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الرسم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The phenomenology of violence has formed a notable mark in the modern Iraqi plastic art specially in the stage ( 1980_2012) , the political events and the social changes has Contributed to the production of a lot of art works which are depends expression and symbolic at work to Represent the surrounding environment by performances and the mental purport which that products marked by, the research had four chapters, the first chapter contented the Problematic of the research which had the most important question : did the presenting of violence in Iraqi art marked as a phenomenon? And the The importance of research was detection the mental significance of the Iraqi works in the time (1980_2012), and the research goals was discovering the violence in the contemporary Iraqi pains about terms of form , content and performance, and that had to recognition of some of the terminology that the title of this research contains , in chapter two represents the a complete study of the subject of the research which it was divided through three sections the first one had a full definition for the concept violence and it up growth and developed in humanity, and the second section contend representations of violence in paint starting from the cave paintings and in the appearance in the ancient civilizations down the contemporary art, third section had the representations of violence in Iraqi art through Recognition the general scene of the realty of Iraqi plastic art as a historical preamble to study the art experience that belong to the research subject, and recognition of ingredient that effects in drafting art works that belongs to paint and the changes that happened on it include the research lines, the theoretical chapter marked signal points : 1 - the phenomenology of violence ranged and developed with the humanity development till these days.2 - Violence is a social phenomenon and in the same tine it’s a culture land mark Spreads with a several ways media and modern technology, and violence appears as a result of ingredients cant be limited by one or tow ingredients, and through the Interaction between these ingredients, the violence actions motivated by dissimilar force from society to other and from person to other.3 - the phenomenology of violence linked with collectivism and individual memory so it Is expressed by image, marks and symbols which has icon power Not otherwise historical or critical on it as well as link blood with violence or viewer of broken and destroying with violence.4 - the Scientists and the Philosophers had differed about expressing the violence some of them think that the actually Components is a contrast Conflict and the conflict between the peace and violence are the natural, social, Psychological incentive, and the other think the deep reason of violence is inherent in the psychological Structure.The third chapter (research procedures) limited the research community and counted distributor on the period of time that represents the limits of research and summarized by drawing the sample was selected in meant which includes (12) samples analyzed in accordance with the descriptive analytical approach.researcher reviewed in Chapter Four findings are : 1 - personify the scenes which had deepness and mental content that carried in side look down on the violence behaviors and the penetration which are done by the extremes and that was showed in the sample (8) in the Mosque.2 - sadness, pain and fear were Overshadowed on Person's Features which was notable in the subjects that the samples (12),(8)and(2) review.3 - artest used Loans forms represents phenomenology of violence by performance methods that appears the artist's skill in direct and treatment of subjects and that was broadcasted through marks , Significance and holes that the bullets left and the turns, blood remnant that violence act caused it and that was clear in samples (12),(11) and(7)4 - Artists referred the forms elements in to violence phenomenology which was notable by crafts performance that changes in to an Article aesthetic , so the violence was one of the aesthetic materials and that was showed in the samples (6),(1) and(5).Results have been identified, including the following : 1 - the inspiration of violence has developed as a authority phenomenon for Iraqi paint with development of this phenomenon.2 - the violence has a clear share in the Iraqi contemporary paint which formed as a result of excretions living realty which was full with many difficulties , cresses , wars terrorism and blockade through its different periods.3 - Iraqi paint benefit from modern technical treatment to produce visual product and present fine art phenomenon the artist employed to support his paint surface.4 - iraqi contemporary paints hard and difficult throe made it have its own tragedy mark which represent violence as a special sign in the national plastic art.Later the identified and proposals been recommendations.

المعالجات الاخراجية للمتغير الاجتماعي في الدراما التلفزيونية العراقية ما بعد عام 2003 == Treatment Directorial of Social Variable In The Iraqi TV Drama After 2003

اسم المؤلف: رعد نعمة عزيز
اسم المشرف: متي عبو بولص
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التلفزيونية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لقد استحوذت الدراما التلفزيونية على ذهن المتلقي بصورة كبيرة لما لها من تاثير على افراد المجتمع وكونها تمثل جزءا من واقع المجتمع وبالاخص الدراما التلفزيونية الاجتماعية التي تعرض بعض القضايا الاجتماعية والافكار والاتجاهات التي يتميز بها كل مجتمع.وهنا ي | We have acquired a TV drama on the mind of the receiver dramatically because of the impact of Li members of the community and because it is part of the reality of society and especially social TV drama that displays some of the social issues, ideas and trends that characterize each community. And here comes the role of the Iraqi television drama in the process of changing society through the values and the topics raised in this drama, and change here includes several aspects, it is not social change but a cultural change, intellectual, and economic and political. Que To The importance of the subject of the changing social TV drama Iraq after 2003 comes this research work scientific modest seeks researcher from which to processors directorial which is based upon the drama television through treatment literary text (scenario) and the development of solutions directorial the scenes video in order to configure a new reality. And has divided researcher of this research into four chapters have contained the first chapter methodological framework on the research problem formulated in the form of the question follows : What are the treatments directorial the variable social TV drama Iraq beyond 2003 and importance and goals aimed at detecting the changing social and make way in the style of put and processed Akharajia in Iraqi TV drama, and the limits of the search, which included the period of 2003 - 2012 to the Iraqi drama and determine the terms, and has the second chapter contains a theoretical framework and included three major Detectives are : 1 - notion of directorial processors.2 - social variables of the Iraqi society after 2003.3 - Iraqi TV drama after 2003.Researcher and I came out of the theoretical framework of indicators that have adopted it as a tool for the analysis of the sample, either studies Bah has not been mentioned three studies approached next to or part of our current and other aspects were divided.Chapter III research and action may be contained on the research methodology chosen researcher Qaida for suitability nature of the research is descriptive method, which involves the analysis, and ratified the tool.The fourth chapter analysis of selected samples - the results and the conclusions of the researcher to several findings and conclusions, including : 1 - was able to Iraqi TV drama after the social variable that reflect the new values (kidnapping, murder, bribery, corruption and displacement).2 - The TV drama after the variable Iraqi social addressed to recipients and calls in their orientation to be a carrier of the correct values, positive and aimed at education, education, cooperation and social solidarity.The conclusions1 - requires the drama director and writer extraordinary efforts in the selection of the changing social issues and his handling of the television drama through investigation and research, and examination of the topics covered in order to highlight the social variables.2 - Construction work requires the use of television drama moot all the elements and sound that make up the technical construction of the work of television drama.This chapter also included also recommendations, which deemed necessary by the researcher and researcher concluded the list of sources and references, and some supplements and 987, as well as abstract in English.

الاصول الرمزية في رسوم پول كوكان == Symbolic Orgins In Art Works of Paul Gauguin

اسم المؤلف: حيدر صاحب جبار
اسم المشرف: كاظم نوير كاظم الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التربية الفنية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية الفنون الجميلة - قسم التربية الفنية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول البحث : (الاصول الرمزية في رسوم پول كوكان) اربعة فصول، عرض في الفصل الاول الاطار المنهجي، من حيث مشكلة البحث التي حددت بالسؤال الاتي : (ما الاصول الرمزية في رسوم پول كوكان ؟)، مع بيان هدف البحث الذي كان (كشف الاصول الرمزية في رسوم پول كوكان) واهمي | This research : (Avatar Symbolic in Art work’s of Paul Gauguin) Vahtoy Find the four seasons meant the first chapter the methodological framework for the search evolved to includeboth research problem identified by asking the following : ( what assets Symbolic in Art work’s of Paul Gauguin ?) , As well as chapter contains the goal of research who was detected assets Disclosure of assets symbolic in Art work’s of Paul Gauguin) ) This research as well as chapter containsAnd identifies current research study ( Avatar Symbolic in Art work’s of Paul Gauguin) oily implemented in the years from 1881 to (1903 ), produced in France , and the islands of Tahiti.The second quarter included four topics in turn divided into several axes. Guarantees thefirst section (the icon in the human thought ) while taking second topic ( symbolism in thearts ) The third topic was interested in studying ( assets symbolism in modern painting ) withincludedSection four ( the life of Paul Gauguin ) The fifth topic handled (attributes of cash ,and the aesthetic in fees Gauguin ) , has concluded the second quarter review of thetheoretical framework of indicators to take advantage of them in the construction of the search tool and analyze appointed.The chapter contains a third search procedures , which included the research community and which consisted of ( 180 ), a work of art ( for (Paul Gauguin ) oil on Alcanvas , and sample amount (20 ), a work of art then search tool that has been built on the light of the indicators of the theoretical framework , where included tool axes assets Avatar which assets : (Mesopotamian , Pharaonic , Greek, Chinese , Japanese, Tahitian , religious , Jewish , classical , romantic ) , has been placed on the horizontal axis in the form of analysis , and then placed shapes Avatar Other, and configuration items , and after that offered the tool on a number of experts and specialists in the field of art education , and fine arts , to express their views in their validity , it has been modified form is deleted , and added some paragraphs of them and having gained the tool honesty ; became ready for application , the researcher : (conducted a stability of the tool through) (agreement between analysts external) Pthalilhma individually the content itself , on the basis of his followers the same steps , and analysis rules , and ( the agreement over time ) : Ptousel researcher to the same results after the decomposition of thesame content again after a certain period of time , and to follow the same rules and procedures in doing and the analysis.After the application of statistical methods by which included both (equation Cooper) to calculate the sincerity of the tool, and the percentage of agreement among the experts (83%) to acquire sincerity content after it gained honesty virtual, and equation (Scott) to calculate the stability of the tool, since the rate of stability in which the proportion(82.5%).The fourth chapter, has included the search results, and conclusions, and contained the search results, and conclusions as well as recommendations and suggestions, the researcher has reached to remember the basic results, including : 1. Formed religious symbols and their meanings obsession deep into the artist orientations of Sufism , and the Catholic associated with church , likening constant in Jesus Christ as , and pain and suffering , which made the orientations religious ecclesiastical , Christianity , Buddhism , and other religions constitute reference inherent in his paintings.2. Use ( Paul Gauguin ) Jewish symbols , and so out of Jewish influence on Europe in general and France in all special.3. Borrowed artist ( Paul Gauguin ) Some symbols mechanisms narrative Novelist , and the stories the old classic with inherited European necessitating thus symbols through flashbacks classic based on the laws stringent technical , but he borrowed , and added them a lot of symbolic nature , and expressive in order to give her a symbolic dimension somewhat different what brought him classical movement.The main findings were : 1. That influenced the artist ( Paul Gauguin ) arts ancient and primitive as it is found in European civilization which the grapes source of threat , and the destruction of self and fled , including searching for primitive life in places not reached European civilization , and to escape from the community who felt secession , and alienation with him because the community did not appreciate his talent.2. Arad, artist ( Paul Gauguin ) in his drawings Liberation Art of limitations generally accepted that left schools that preceded it , and the schools that the grapes try to find new ways , and symbols alternative inspired by the ancient civilizations of the flows into their art , and to convey movement Avatar horizons another that would make him , and his art immortality.As well as research has included : proven sources , and supplements , and a summary of research in English.
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