البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

نتائج البحث: 100 من أصل 122,441

الجهد الوقائي والمضاد للاكسدة للمونتيلوكاست والاومبرازول على القرحة المعدية المستحدثة بحامض اسيتيل ساليسيلك في ذكور الارانب Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Potential of Montelukast and Omeprazole Against Acetyl Salicylic Acid Induced Gastric Ulcer Model in Male Rabbits

اسم المؤلف: علي حسن زكي عجام

اسم المشرف: نسرين جلال محمد البياتي مفيد جليل عوض

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية الطب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: قرحة المعدة هي واحدة من الامراض الاكثر انتشارا في العالم, تحدث عندما يتم فقدان الموازنة بين بعض العوامل العدوانية والوقائية . مضادات الالتهاب اللاستيرويدي هي معروفة كواحدة من العوامل الامراضية الاكثر شيوعا المقترنة بقرحة المعدة وذلك بان عقار المونتيلوكاست له اثار مفيدة في الحماية من تقرح الغشاء المخاطي المبطن لجوف المعدة المستحدث .اجريت هذه الدراسة في كلية الطب - جامعة بابل للفترة من كانون اول الى 2013حزيران 2014 وتهدف الى تقييم التاثير الوقائي لبطانة المعدة وفعالية مضادات التاكسد لعقار المونتيلوكاست بالمقارنة مع عقار الاومبرازول في نموذج لقرحة معدية مستحدثة بواسطة حامض استيل ساليسيليك ( حامض الصفصاف ) في ذكور الارانب . تم استخدام ثمانية واربعين من ذكور الارانب المحلية في هذه الدراسة التي تنقسم الى قسمين : 1 - الدراسة التجريبية : بعد اسبوعين من التاقلم, الحيوانات ( ثمانية عشر ارنبا ) قسمت بشكل عشوائي الى ثلاث مجاميع (ستة ارانب في كل مجموعة) واخذت العلاج بالشكل التالي : الحيوانات في المجموعة الاولى اعطيت حامض استيل ساليسيليك 250 ملغم/كغم عن طريق الفم , المجموعة الثانية اعطيت حامض استيل ساليسيليك 500 ملغم/كغم عن طريق الفم, المجموعة الثالثة اعطيت حامض استيل ساليسيليك 750 ملغم/كغم عن طريق الفم, على شكل جرعة واحدة فقط.2 - الدراسة الفعلية : بعد اسبوعين من التاقلم, هذه الحيوانات( ثلاثون ارنبا ) قسمت بشكل عشوائي الى خمس مجاميع (ستة ارانب في كل مجموعة) واخذت العلاج بالشكل التالي : مجموعة السيطرة الطبيعية : اعطيت ماء" مقطرا" عن طريق الفم , مجموعة السيطرة الفعالة : اعطيت حامض استيل ساليسيليك 500 ملغم/كغم بشكل جرعة واحدة ,مجموعة المعالجة بعقار الاومبرازول : اعطيت اومبرازول 20 ملغم/كغم عن طريق تجويف البطن(بيريتون) , مجموعة المعالجة بعقار المونتيلوكاست : اعطيت مونتيلوكاست 20 ملغم/كغم عن طريق الفم , مجموعة المعالجة بعقار المونتيلوكاست فقط : اعطيت فقط مونتيلوكاست 20 ملغم/كغم عن طريق الفم. يتم اعطاء عقار الاومبرازول والمونتيلوكاست مرة واحدة يوميا لمدة ثلاثة ايام وبعد ساعة من اخر جرعة( اليوم الثالث) لتلك الادوية يتم اعطاء حامض استيل ساليسيليك بجرعة 500 ملغم/كغم بعد ذلك يتم قتل الحيوانات بعد 5 ساعات . بعد ذلك يحضر مزيج النسيج المعوي ويستخدم لتحديد مؤشرات هذه الدراسة مثل تركيز المالونديلدهايد وليكوترين دي 4وليكوترين بي 4 وفعالية كل من زانثين اوكسيديز((XO وسوبراوكسايد دسميوتز((SOD وجلوتاثايون بيروكسيدز ( ( GPX وجلوتاثايون اس ترانسفيرز ( (GSTبالاضافة الى تحضير مقاطع نسيجية للمعدة لاختبارها تحت المجهر الضوئي.تضمنت نتائج هذه الدراسة ان حامض استيل ساليسيليك زاد كل من معامل القرحة وتركيز ليكوترين بي 4 وليكوترين دي4 بصورة معنوية وانخفاضا معنويا في معامل الاكسدة الحساس مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة الطبيعية بينما الاومبرازول والمونتيلوكاست يظهران انخفاضا معنويا في معامل القرحة وتركيز ليكوترين بي4 وليكوترين دي4 وارتفاعا معنويا في معامل الاكسدة الحساس مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة الفعالة . حامض استيل ساليسيليك زاد من تركيز المالونديلدهايد وفعالية انزيم زانثين اوكسيديز بصورة معنوية بالتزامن مع انخفاض معنوي في فعالية كل من سوبراوكسايد دسميوتز وجلوتاثايون بيروكسيدز وجلوتاثايون اس ترانسفيرز مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة الطبيعية . اظهرعقار الاومبرازول انخفاضا معنويا في تركيز المالونديلدهايد وانخفاضا غير معنويا في فعالية انزيم زانثين اوكسيديز بالتزامن مع ارتفاع معنوي في فعالية كل من سوبراوكسايد دسميوتز وجلوتاثايون بيروكسيدز وجلوتاثايون اس ترانسفيرز مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة الفعالة, علاوة على ذلك اعطاء عقار المونتيلوكاست يسجل انخفاضا معنويا في تركيز المالونديلدهايد وفعالية انزيم زانثين اوكسيديز بالتزامن مع ارتفاع معنوي في فعالية كل من سوبراوكسايد دسميوتز وجلوتاثايون بيروكسيدز وجلوتاثايون اس ترانسفيرز مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة الفعالة.على مستوى الفحص النسيجي اظهرت النتائج عدم وجود تقرح في معد مجموعة السيطرة الطبيعية بالمقارنة بمعد مجموعة السيطرة الفعالة التي تظهر بان هناك تقرحا" شديدا" ونزف" متمثلا بنخر الغشاء المخاطي المبطن للمعدة مترافقة مع وذمة في الطبقة تحت المخاطية وارتشاحات خلوية التهابية . عند اعطاء عقار الاومبرازول الطبقة الطلائية المخاطية تبدو تشابه التركيب الطبيعي واقل نزيفا من مجموعة السيطرة الفعالة . فيما يخص عقار المونتيلوكاست تقرح الغشاء المخاطي المعدي يظهر اقل تاثيرا مع وقاية اقل من تاثير الاومبرازول . اعتمادا على نتائج هذه الدراسة نستنتج بان حامض استيل ساليسيليك بجرعة 500 ملغم/كغم احدث بصورة ناجحة قرحة في المعدة والليكوترين قد يكون مسؤولا" عن تلف الجدار المخاطي المعدي الحاد المستحدث بواسطة حامض استيل ساليسيليك . عقار المونتيلوكاست بجرعة 20 ملغم/كغم عن طريق الفم له دور مهم في حماية الجدار المخاطي المعدي من التلف بواسطة حامض استيل ساليسيليك وذلك قد يعزى الى قابليته في معادلة حالة الاكسدة ومضادات الاكسدة ويقلل من تاثير الليكوترين وتاثيره المثبط على ارتشاح الخلايا الالتهابية . | Gastric ulcer is one of the most widespread diseases in the world. It occurs when the balance between some aggressive and defensive factors is lost. NSAIDs are known as one of the most common pathogenic factors associated with gastric ulcer. Montelukast was reported to have beneficial effects in the management of experimental gastric mucosal ulceration.The present study was carried out in the Collage of Medicine, University of Babylon from December 2013 to June 2014 and aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect and the antioxidant activity of montelukast in comparison with omeprazole in a model of acetylsalicylic acid - induced gastric ulcer in male rabbits Forty - eight local domestic male rabbits were used in this study . This study was divided into two parts : 1. Pilot study design : After two weeks of adaptation period, the animals(18 rabbits ) were randomly separated into 3 groups (6 rabbits in each group) and treated as follows : Group A : received ASA (250 mg/kg ,orally) ,Group B : received ASA (500 mg/kg ,orally) and Group C : received ASA (750 mg/kg ,orally), as single dose . 2. Active study design : After two weeks of adaptation period, the animals ( 30 rabbits) were randomly separated into 5 groups (6 rabbits in each group). Normal control group received distilled water orally , active control group received ASA (500 mg/kg b.w. ) as single dose ,omeprazole pretreated group received omeprazole (20 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally , montelukast pretreated group received montelukast (20 mg/kg b.w.) orally and montelukast alone treated group received montelukast alone ( 20 mg/kg b.w) orally. The omeprazole and montelukast were continually given once daily for 3 days. After one hour of the last dose( 3rd day ) of 36 hours fasted animals , acetylsalicylic acid was administered orally to the animals ( except normal control group and montelukast alone treated group) in a dose of ( 500 mg / kg b.w.) , then all the animals were sacrificed 5 hour later. Gastric tissues homogenate prepared and used to determine the parameter of this study as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and leukotriene B4( LTB4) concentration, Xanthine oxidase( XO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S transferase ( GST) activities. Furthermore, stomach tissue sections were prepared for histological examination.The results of present study include the ASA significantly (P< 0.05) increase the ulcer index, leukotriene D4, leukotriene B4 concentrations and significantly(P< 0.05) decrease in the oxido - sensitive index when compared with the normal control group. While omeprazole and montelukast showed a significant (P< 0.05) decrease in ulcer index ,leukotriene D4 , leukotriene B4 concentration and significant(P< 0.05) increase in oxido - sensitive index when compared with the active control group. ASA, significantly increased the gastric tissue MDA concentration and XO activity (P< 0.05) concomitantly with decreased SOD, GPX,GST activity (P< 0.05), when compared with the normal control group. Omeprazole showed a significant decrease in gastric tissue MDA concentration (P< 0.05) and no significant decrease in XO activity (P> 0.05) concomitantly with a significant increase in gastric tissue SOD, GPX,GST activity (P< 0.05), when compared with the acetylsalicylic acid treated group. Moreover, the administration of montelukast significantly decreased both gastric tissue MDA concentration and XO activity (P< 0.05) concomitantly with significant increase in gastric tissue SOD, GPX,GST activity (P< 0.05), when compared with the active control group . Microscopically , the results showed that there is no lesion in the stomachs of normal control group in contrast to the stomachs of active control group that show severe ulceration and hemorrhage as represented by necrosis of gastric mucosa associated with submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltrate. Upon omeprazole pretreatment, the mucosal epithelium had near normal architecture and there is less hemorrhage than active control group . Regarding montelukast, the lesion of gastric mucosa show less severe effects with protection less than the effects of omeprazole. According to the results obtained in this study , it can be concluded that acetylsalicylic acid in dose of 500 mg/kg successfully induced ulcers in stomach. leukotrienes may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal damage induced by ASA . Montelukast in doses of 20 mg/kg orally has an important role in the protection from ASA induced gastric mucosal damage and this can be attributed to its ability to balance oxidant - antioxidant status and to reduce the effects of leukotriene as well as its inhibitory effect on inflammatory cell infiltration in gastric tissue

اسم المؤلف: حذام اسماعيل حمود

اسم المشرف: سهاد حكمت خيري

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: النسائية والتوليد

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة لمقارنة مستقبلات للهرمون المحرر لموجهة القند لقناة فالوب بواسطة تقنية المناعة النسيجية الكيميائية في النساء اللائي لديهن حمل خارج الرحم, او عملية استئصال الرحم او ربط القناة Comparative Study of Gonadotropin - releasing Hormone Receptor in Fallopian Tube by Immunohistochemistry among Women with Ectopic Pregnancy, Hysterectomy and Tubal Ligation

اسم المؤلف: هالة ناظم كاظم مهدي

اسم المشرف: ايمان علي هاشم سعد عبد الباقي عبد الله

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التشريح والانسجة والاجنة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الطب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: الهدف : اجريت هذة الدراسة للمقارنة في مستوى مستقبلات للهرمون المحرر لموجهة القند بواسطة تقنية المناعة النسيجية الكيميائية في قناة فالوب بين النساء اللاتي اجريت لهن عملية ربط الانابيب عند الولادة او الحمل خارج الرحم او عملية استئصال الرحم خلال الطور الافرازي/ اللوتني من دورة الطمث.المرضى والمواد : شملت الدراسة على ثلاثة مجاميع من النساء المريضات. ضمنت المجموعة الاولى على 39 امراة تتراوح اعمارهن بين 15 - 45 سنة لديهن تاريخ سابق للحمل المنتبذ (خارج الرحم) واجريت لهن عملية طارئة. اما المجموعة الثانية ضمت 40 امراه تتراوح اعمارهن بين 25 - 45 سنة اجريت لهن عملية استئصال الرحم الاختياري نتيجة لاسباب نسائية حميدة مختلفة وشملت الاورام الليفية المتعددة ، والعضال الغدي ،او النزيف المهبلي الذي لم يستجب للمعالجة الطبية. هذا بالاضافة الى شمول 40 امراه في اما المجموعة الثالثة فقد شملت 40 امراة تراوحت اعمارهن بين 26 - 45 سنة اللواتي خضعن الى عمليات قيصرية مع ربط القناة (البوق)الثنائي عند اكتمال الحمل. شملت معايير الاقصاء المريضات اللواتي يعانين من امراض الحوض الالتهابية والانتباذ البطاني الرحمي وكذلك اللواتي يستعملن الهرمون المضاهي لهرمون اللوتنة . اجريت هذه الدراسة خلال الفترة من ايلول 2014 وحزيران 2015 في مستشفى الولادة والطفل في البصرة. تمت ازالة قنوات فالوب من المريضات اللواتي اجريت لهن عملية ازالة جراحية لهذه القنوات في المجاميع الثلاث. وقد تم حفظ قنوات فالوب في 10% فورمالين وارسلت الى مختبر الامراض في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي لغرض الفحص النسيجي المرضي (باستعمال طريقة التلوين بالهيماتوكسلين والايوسين ) ولغرض التقصي المناعي النسيجي الكيميائي.النتائج : تبين في الفحص النسيجي المرضي كان هناك العديد من الزغابات المشيماتية الشاحبة في تجويف قناة فالوب. وهناك ايضا طبقات من الارومات الغازية تمتد بشكل حر داخل التجويف . ودل الراسب البني في السايتوبلازم خلايا قناة فالوب على التلوين بواسطة الاضداد الاولية ، ولايوجد تلوين في العينات السالبة باستعمال الفحص المناعي النسيجي الكيميائي . وهناك اختلاف في توزيع وجود مستقبلات للهرمون المحرر لموجهة القند بين النساء ذوات الحمل المنتبذ (58,9%) واللاتي استئصلت ارحامهن (82%) وفي 10% فقط بين النساء اللاتي اجري لهن ربط قناة فالوب عند الولادة وكان ذلك باستعمال تقنية المناعة النسيجية الكيميائيه لكن ذلك كان قريبا من الاعتداد الاحصائي ( الاحتمال =0,069) . بينما كان التوزيع السلبي لمستقبلات الهرمون المحرر لموجهة القند اعلى في النساء اللاتي اجري لهن ربط القناة (90%) مقارنة مع النساء اللاتي لديهن حمل منتبذ (41,1%) او النساء اللاتي اجري لهن استئصال الرحم (18%). ان مستقبل الهرمون المحرر لموجهة القند المتفاعل مناعيا تم تحديده في عينات قناة فالوب من مريضات الحمل المنتبذ في الغشاء المخاطي للقناة فقط (5 من 39) او في الزغابات المشيماتية فقط (6 من39) او في كليهما (13 من 39) ، وكانت الفروقات غير معتدة احصائيا ( الاحتمال اكبر من 0,85).الخلاصة : لقد تبين مما تقدم بان مستقبل الهرمون المحرر لمواجهة القند يملك دور حيوي في بداية الحمل لللاخصاب وغرس الجنين. | Objective : This is a comparative study to detect gonadotropin - releasing hormone receptor expression by immunohistochemical technique in the human fallopian tubes belong to women with ectopic pregnancy, women subjected to tubal ligation at term pregnancy with history of normal pregnancy and hysterectomized women.Patients and Methods : The study involved 3 groups of patients, the first group was involved 39 females ( their ages ranged from 15 - 45 years) with history of ectopic pregnancy who underwent emergency operation, the second group was included 40 (their ages ranged from 25 - 45 years) women who were operated on for elective hysterectomy due to various benign gynecological reasons, like multiple uterine fibroid, adenomyosis and uterine bleeding not responding to medical treatment. The third group was involved 40 women (their ages ranged from 26 - 45 years) subjected to Cesarean section with bilateral tubal ligation at term pregnancy were also included in the study. The exclusion criteria included patients with pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis and luteinizing - hormone - releasing hormone analogue users. The study was carried out during the period from September 2014 till June 2015 at Basra Maternity and Childhood Hospital. Fallopian tubes were removed and collected from all the 3 groups patients. Fallopian tubes were preserved in 10% formalin and were taken to the Pathology Laboratory at Al - Saddar Teaching Hospital for the purpose of conventional histopathology i.e, Hematoxyline eosin staining method and immunohistochemical study for gonadotropin - releasing hormone receptor.Results : Histopathological examination of the tissue of fallopian tube, indicates that there are numerous pale chorionic villi in the lumen of the fallopian tube. A brown precipitate in the cytoplasm of the cells of the fallopian tube indicated positive staining by primary antibody while no staining was detected in negative samples by using immunohistochemical examination. There is a difference in the distribution positive cases of gonadotropin - releasing hormone receptor detection among ectopic pregnant women (58.9%), hysterectomized women (82%) and only (10%) among women with tubal ligation at term pregnancy in the fallopian tube by using immunohistochemical technique but statistically the results is marginally significant (P=0.069). The immunoreactive GnRH receptor was identified in the fallopian tube samples from patients with ectopic pregnancy, in the mucosa of the tube alone (5 out of 39) or in the chorionic villi only (6 out of 39) or both of them the mucosa as well as villi (13 out of 39 ). The differences were statistically insignificant (P>0.85). Conclusion : This study was demonstrating that GnRH which is produced by the human fallopian tube, has a vital role in fertilization, early embryonic development and implantation .

دراسة لبعض الخصائص الوبائية والمصلية لاصابات الـBordetella perlussis في محافظة بابل

اسم المؤلف: عمار عباس شعلان

اسم المشرف: محمد عبود القرة غولي يحيى الطفيلي

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2005

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية الطب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى وصف بعض الخصائص الوبائية للسعال الديكي في محافظة بابل وتقييم الاضداد المتخصصة للـ Bordetella pertussis IgG وIgA باستخدام تقنية الـ ELISA للتشخيص المختبري للسعال الديكي، هذا بالاضافة الى قياس الاستجابة المناعية الخلطية للقاح الثلاثي (DPT). جمعت عينات الدم من : 68 طفل مصاب بالسعال ديكي راقد في المستشفى (36 غير ملقح و32 ملقح) ، 103 من اشخاص اسوياء (49 شخصا ملقحا، 54 شخصا غير ملقح) و20 من العاملين بالخدمة الصحية في محافظة بابل. اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG وIgA تم قياسها بواسطة تقنية الـ ELISA لكل مجموعات الدراسة. التعداد الكلي والتفريقي للخلايا البيضاء اجري للـ68 مريض و20 من مجموعة السيطرة. اظهرت الدراسة ان اعلى مستوى حدوث للسعال الديكي لوحظ في المرضى اقل من عمر سنة (49% من مجموع الحالات). كانت نسبة الذكور للاناث 1.27 : 1. 71% من المرضى مقيمين في المناطق الريفية مقارنة بـ 29 % في المناطق الحظرية. 36 (53%) من المرضى كانوا غير ملقحين و26 (38%) كانوا ملقحين جزئيا، بينما 6 (9%) تلقوا تلقيحا كاملا (3 جرعات من اللقاح الثلاثي). لوحظت مضاعفات السعال الديكي في 88% من المرضى، والتي كانت بصورة رئيسية الاختناق (88%)، اختلاجات (26%)، ذات الرئة (29%)، والوفاة (4%). كما لوحظ ارتفاع في تعداد الخلايا البيضاء في 64% من المرضى وارتفاع في تعداد الخلايا اللمفاوية في 69% من المرضى. معظم الحالات سجلت خلال الفترة بين شهر نيسان وتموز. كانت الحساسية والتخصص التشخيصي لاضداد الـ Bordetella pertussis IgG في الاطفال غير الملقحين كانت 77% و100% على التوالي، في حين كانت الحساسية والتخصص التشخيصي لاضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG في الاطفال الملقحين 67%، 91% على التوالي. كانت الحساسية والتخصص التشخيصي لاضداد الـ Bordetella pertussis IgA في الاطفال غير الملقحين كانت 33% و100% على التوالي، في حين كانت الحساسية والتخصص التشخيصي لاضداد Bordetella pertussis IgA في الاطفال الملقحين 72%، 86% على التوالي. لوحظت افضل حساسية وتخصص تشخيصي في العيانات التي جمعت بعد اكثر من 21 يوما بعد ظهور اعراض السعال الديكي. تم الحصول على اعلى حساسية وتخصص تشخيصي (92، 82% على التوالي) باستعمال مستوى موجب لـ اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG او IgA. اظهرت الدراسة ان متوسط مستوى اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG في الاسوياء الملقحين كانت 56.41 U/ml (المدى 19.77 - 143.89 U/ml)، بينما بلغ متوسط اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG في الاسوياء غير الملقحين 29.33 U/ml (المدى 1.01 - 56.9 U/ml). كان متوسط مستوى اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgA في الاسوياء الملقحين كانت 9.05 U/ml (المدى 3.6 - 29.74 U/ml)، بينما بلغ متوسط اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgA في الاسوياء غير الملقحين 4.79 U/ml (المدى 3.05 - 7 U/ml). اظهرت الدراسة ان 10.7 % (11/103) من الاسوياء يظهرون مستوى موجب لاضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG او IgA، في حين اظهر 70% (14/20) من العاملين في الخدمة الصحية في هذه الدراسة مستوى موجب لاضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG او IgA | The aims of this study is to describe some of the epidemiological features of pertussis in Babylon Province in Iraq, and to evaluate the specific anti Bordetella pertussis IgG and IgA ELISA technique in the laboratory diagnosis of pertussis, and to determine the humoral immune response to DTP vaccine. Blood samples were obtained from the following groups : 68 (36 unvaccinated and 32 vaccinated)clinically diagnosed hospitalized pertussis patients, 103 normal healthy subject of similar age groups (49 vaccinated and 54 unvaccinated) and 20 healthcare workers in Babylon Province. The anti Bordetella pertussis IgG and IgA antibodies were tested by ELIZA technique in all study groups. The study shows that the highest incidence of pertussis was noticed in patients less than 1 year (49% of the total pertussis patients). The male to female ratio was 1.27 : 1. There were 71% of pertussis cases from rural area compared with 29% from urban area. 36 (53%) of the patients were unvaccinated and 26 (38%) of the patients were partially vaccinated, while only 6 (9%) are fully vaccinated (3 doses of DTP vaccine). Complications were noticed in (88%) of the patients; they are mainly apnea (88%), seizure (26%), pneumonia (29%), and death (4%). Most cases were noticed between March and July. The anti Bordetella pertussis IgG diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in unvaccinated subjects were 77%, 100% respectively; while in vaccinated subjects they were 67%, 91% respectively. The anti Bordetella pertussis IgA diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in unvaccinated subjects were 33%, 100% respectively, while in vaccinated subjects they were 72%, 86% respectively. The best diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was observed in samples collected after > 21 days of the onset of pertussis symptoms. The higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were obtained by using anti Bordetella pertussis IgG or IgA positive levels. The study shows that the anti Bordetella pertussis IgG mean level in DPT vaccinated normal subjects was 56.41 U/ml (range 19.77 - 143.89 U/ml), while it was 29.33 U/ml (range 1.01 - 56.9 U/ml) in unvaccinated subjects. The anti Bordetella pertussis IgA mean level in vaccinated normal subjects was 9.05 U/ml (range 3.6 - 29.74 U/ml), while it was 4.79 U/ml (range 3.05 - 7 U/ml) in unvaccinated subjects. There is 10.7% (11/103) of the normal subjects which have a positive anti Bordetella pertussis IgG or IgA levels. In addition, 70% (14/20) of the healthcare workers in this study have a positive anti Bordetella pertussis IgG or IgA levels.

البروتين الرابط للرتينول4 ونسبتة للرتينول الحرفي مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني البدناء Serum retinol binding protein 4 and its ratio to serum retinol in obese type 2 diabetic patients

اسم المؤلف: انس هاشم صادق الحسيني

اسم المشرف: عمر فاروق عبد الرشيد محمود شاكر خضير

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2013

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية السريرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية الطب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, the chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long - term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels that impose a tremendous burden on the individual with diabetes and on the health care system.Objective : To study the relationship between retinol binding protein - 4 (RBP - 4) / retinol ratio with insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Subjects and methods : A case - control study was performed at Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Al - Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq from March 2012 to June 2012. Forty five patients and thirty four healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The patients and controls were taken with cluster random sampling method. The present study includes measurements of hbA1c levels by ion - exchange HPLC method. Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, blood urea and serum creatinine levels were determined by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Fasting serum insulin, retinol binding protein - 4 ( RBP - 4), retinol levels were measured by enzyme - linked immune sorbent assay in 45 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean ± SE,MEAN AGE = 52.14 ± 1.01 years).The results were compared with 34 aged matched apparently healthy control subjects (mean age 48.79 ± 1.17 years) divided according to body mass index (BMI) into two groups : 1. Controls with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 : normal control group (n = 9, mean age = 49.22 ± 1.88 years).2. Controls with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 : obese control group (n = 25, mean age = 48.38 ± 1.45 years) .Results : The results showed significant elevation in blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, serum triglyceride TG, serum very low density lipoprotein VLDL, atherogenic index of plasma AIP, fasting insulin resistance index, fasting glucose insulin ratio, Homeostatic model assessment of β - cells (β - cells function) HOMA - β and serum retinol binding protein 4 in the diabetic patients as compared with both control subjects.High density lipoprotein HDL, insulin and Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance HOMA - IR presented significant increase in T2DM when compared to normal control group but not significant difference when compared to obeseInsulin levels and insulin resistance expressed in HOMA - IR showed significant elevation in T2DM as compared to normal control group but not significant when compared to obese control group.Serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein showed no significant difference between patients and both control groups.Insulin sensitivity index ISI was significantly decreased in T2DM patients as compared to both control groups.Conclusion : It was concluded that serum retinol / retinol binding protein 4 ratio may be considered as indication

اسم المؤلف: نهاية مناحي العبودي

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2004

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية السريرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الطب

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This study was carried out to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant level in cancer patients in Basrah during the period from the first of October 2002 till the end of April of the 2003. A total of 98 patients were investigated, who were admitted to the Basrah General Hospital, Teaching Hospital and Basrah Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric in Basrah City. They were 52 female patients with breast cancer and 46 leukemic patients (24 male and 22 female). In addition 125 sex and age - matched persons without malignancy served as controls. They were 64 persons as control for leukemic patients (32 male and 32 female) and 61 females as control for breast cancer patients. The haematological parameters measured were haemoglobin concentration(Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) value and white blood cell (WBC) count, while the biochemical parameters measured were glutathione (GSH) level, uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA) and phagocytic activity . The leukemic patients were subclassified into two groups according to their age (30 patients ≤16 years and 16 patients >16 years). The breast cancer patients were subclassified into three groups according to their age (11 females as 25 - 34 years old, 17 females as 35 - 44 years old and 24 females as ≥45 years old). The Hb concentration and PCV value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in leukemic patients of age group 16 years old ,however, in age group > 16 years old ,the decrease were extremely significant (P<0.001). In breast cancer patients the Hb concentration decreased extremely significantly in all age groups (P<0.001). A highly significant decrease was found in PCV value of age group 35 - 44years old (P<0.01), whereas a significant decrease in 25 - 34 years and  45 years age groups (P<0.05) was observed. The WBC count in leukemic patients showed an increase in WBC count significantly in 16 years old age group (P<0.05) and extremely significant increase in >16 years old age group (P<0.001). In breast cancer the WBC count showed decrease in WBC count significantly in 25 - years old patients (P<0.05), highly significant decrease in 35 - years old patient (P<0.01) and extremely significant decrease in 45 years old patients (P<0.001). There were no significant differenses in Hb concentration, PCV value and WBC count between male and female leukemic patients. The biochemical investigation showed an extremely significant depletion in GSH levels in leukemic and breast cancer patients (P<0.001). The phagocytic activity was extremely significantly decreased in all leukemic patients (P<0.001) and highly significant increase in 25 - 34 years old breast cancer patients (P<0.01), significantly increase in 35 - 44 years old breast cancer patients (P<0.05) and extremely significant increase in  45 years old breast cancer patients (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between male and female leukemic patients in phagocytic activity. The MDA level was highly significantly increased in 16 years old leukemic patients (P<0.01) and extremely significant in >16 years old leukemic patients (P<0.001). In breast cancer the MDA level was highly significant increase in all age groups patients (P<0.01). The investigation of uric acid concentration shows extremely significant increase in all leukemic patients (P<0.001) and highly significance increase in 25 - 34 years old and 35 - 44 years old breast cancer patients (P<0.01). Also shows extremely significant increase in 45 years old breast cancer patients (P<0.001). In conclusion, cancer patients suffer a high degree of ROS formation causing considerable oxidative stress which associated with decrease glutathione level and significant degree of lipid peroxidation.

اسم المؤلف: مؤيد ابراهيم علي

اسم المشرف: عبد المهدي صالح حسين الانصاري

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم بعضالاضافات في تقليل اثر الاجهاد الحراري في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم Evaluation of Some Additive To Reduce The Effect of Heat Stress in Some Productive and Physiological Traits of Broiler Chicken

اسم المؤلف: مغارب محمد جادر حيمد العيداني

اسم المشرف: رياض كاظم موسى

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - التربية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This experiment was carried out at the Poultry Field of Animal Resource Department , College of Agriculture , University of Basra from May 1st to Jun, 2014. The objective of this study was to evaluate many treatments and a methods to decrease the effect of heat stress on the productive performance and some blood physiological characteristics of broiler. A total of 216 un sexed chicks of Ross breed one day old were used in this experiment. Chicks were randomly distributed into six treatments (three replicates of 12 birds in replicates) for each treatment. The treatments were as follows : 1. First treatment (T1) : The control group without any supplement.2. Second treatment (T2) : Supplement 1.5 ml of prebiotic per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding.3. Third treatment (T3) : Supplement 500 mg of Vitamin C per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .4. Fourth treatment (T4) : Supplement 200 mg of Vitamin E per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .5. Fifth treatment (T5) : Supplement 600 mg of potassium chloride (KCl) per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .6. Sixth treatment (T6) : Fasting for 24 hours and follow up with ad labium feeding .The results can be summarized as follows;1. There was a significant effect of treatments on heat - stress reducing the effect of on some productive and physiological traits of broiler (P<0.05) compared to the control group in most traits.2. There was a significant increase in body weight, weekly weight gain ,feed intake and feed conversion ratio as vitamin C was silted compared with other treatments.3. There was a significant decrease in weekly water intake of vitamin C group and vitamin E group in comparison with other treatment.4. Highest values of productive index were obtained by the treatment of prebiotic in drinking water as compared to other treatments group.5. Treatment of vitamin C in drinking water showed the highest values in vit. carcass weights, dressing percentage, heart and liver weights. Whereas, it showed less value of fabrisha gland percentage weight in comparison with other treatments.6. There was no significant effect of treatments using to decrease heat stress on the gizzard percentage weight.7. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed less body temperature at last three weeks of age in compared with other treatments.8. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed highest value of RBC, HB, PCV and total protein, whereas it showed less values of white WBC percentage of hetrophile to lymphocyte cells, acid and compared to other treatment cholesterol , uric numbers in comparison with other experimental treatment.9. There was no significant differences in concentrations of serum GOT, GPT. Enzymes in serum treated groups. Whereas, treatment of 24 hours fasting followed up by a libitum feeding till the next day, showed less values of T3 T4 hormone concentration in comparison with other treatments.10. Treatment of vitamin C supplement proceeded in the values of calcium chloride and sodium concentrations in serum plasma, whereas treatment of potassium in drinking water showed highest values of serum potassium concentration compared to other treatments.

اسم المؤلف: محمد هادي طعيمة رحمه

اسم المشرف: عباس مهدي جاسم

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير مستويات وطرق اضافة سماد اليوريا في امتصاص النتروجين والبوتاسيوم ونمو وحاصل الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Effect of Levels and Application Methods of Urea on N and K uptake , Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم حسن الخفاجي

اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله عبد الكريم

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: A field experiment was conducted in tomato growing station , AL - Zubair region , Basrah Province during the winter season of 2013 - 2014 to evaluate the effect of levels and methods of nitrogen application on N and K uptake , growth and yield of tomato ( Hybrid wogdan ) grown in plastic house . Urea was applied at levels of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha - 1 at five doses . Methods of application were : 100% N fertilization to soil , ( Foliar +Soil) fertilization ( 25% of each level was applied as foliar and the remain was applied to soil ), and 100% N as fertigation . Field was plowing and received manure , then with height of 15cm of tomato seedlings were transplanted on 14/10/2013 . Field was under drip irrigation system . Phosphorus and potassium were applied at levels of 43 kg P2O5 ha - 1 and 166 kg K2O ha - 1 to each plot . The normal agricultural treatments of tomato were practiced as usually followed in Al - Zubair region . NH4+ - N in soil ; NO3 - - N in soil ; available K in soil ; N , K , Ca , Mg and Na concentration in leaves were obtained at six stages of tomato growth season . Also N , K , vitamin C , fruit size and TSS in fruits were measured . The dry weight of shoot and total fruits yields were recorded . Fertilizer - use efficiency was calculated . Based on K concentration in lower and upper leaves of K in Plant was studied . The results showed that : 1 - Increasing N level applied increased concentration of NH4+ - N , NO3 - - N in soil , N in leaves and fruits , however , K in leaves increased up to 200 kg N ha - 1 then decreased as N level concentrated to 300 kg ha - 1 . Ca and Na in leaves decreased with increasing N level , while Mg in leaves show no significant affect with N levels . Higher shoot dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with application of 200 kg N ha - 1 .2 - Higher N and K concentrations in leaves , fruits , fruit size , dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with fertigation method compared with (foliar+ soil) and soil methods : with 89.54 ton ha - 1 fruit yield . On the other hand lower values of NH4+ - N and NO3 - - N in soil ; Ca , Mg and Na in leaves ; Vitamin C and TSS were recorded at fertigation method . However , available K in soil not affected with application method .3 - Fertigation method gave the highest value of fertilizer - use efficiency followed by ( foliar+ soil) method then Soil one .4 - Results also revealed that N levels was not affected the translocation of K upward the plant shoot because of high growth and higher uptake of K in Plant , while the effect of application method follows the order : Soil > (Foliar+ Soil) > Fertigati

تاثير استخدام التبن المعامل بالشرش واليوريا بنسب مختلفة في اداء الحملان العزابية الدكزية Effect of the Using of Different Rates of Straw Treated with Whey and Urea on the Performance of Male Arabi Lambs

اسم المؤلف: محمد صبيح مجيد مريوش الساعدي

اسم المشرف: عماد فلاح حسن الجاسم

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study was conducted at Animal Farm/College of Agriculture/ University of Basra during 20/11/2014 to 18/2/2015. The aim was to clarify the effect of using straw treated with whey and urea at different levels on some productive and physiological traits of male Arabi lambs. A total of 16 male lambs were used aged 6 - 7 months with an average weight of 30.50±1.65 Kg. the lambs were distributed randomly and equally to four treatments. Concentrate diet included barley (55%), wheat straw (43%), vitamin and minerals (1%), urea (0.5%) and salt NaCl, (0.5%). Lambs were fed at 3% of their live body weight with adjustment depending on body weight change through the study period to every treatment (every two weeks). The residual feed was collected every following morning to measure the consumption feed. Ration of each treatment was as follow : 1 - First treatment : 100% concentrate diet.2 - Second treatment : 90% concentrate+10% straw treated with whey and urea.3 - Third treatment : 80% concentrate+20% straw treated with whey and urea.4 - Four treatment : 70% concentrate+30% straw treated with whey and urea.The studied productive traits were live weight, daily and total growth rates, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio, carcass traits (hot carcassweight, dressing%, cuts weight, carcass offal, internal organs weight, abdominal, heart, kidney, pelvic and tail fat weight with physical dissection of rib cut and measurement of meat, bone and fat%). Organoleptic test included color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness and total acceptance. Blood biochemical traits included total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum urea and some hormones as growth and thyroxine hormones. Results can be summarized as follow : 1 - There were significant differences in final body weight and daily and total growth rate of lambs of second group, which was fed 10% treated straw with whey and urea in comparison with other groups.2 - Significant improvement in feed conversion ratio of lambs of 2nd group in comparison with other groups as well as there was an increase in feed consumption of lambs of 2nd and 3rd groups.3 - There were significant differences in hot carcass weights of 2nd group in comparison with other groups as well as dressing% of lambs of control and 2nd group in comparison with other groups.4 - Lack of significant differences among treated groups in the cases of cut weights, weight and % of meat, fat and bone of rib cut, external body offal, internal organs and some body fat depots.5 - Significant differences in tail weight of 2nd group and abdominal fat of 2nd and 4th groups in comparison with other groups were observed.6 - There were significant improvement in some organoleptic test as flavor and total acceptance of groups received straw treated with both 10% or 20% whey and urea in comparison with control group.7 - There was a significant increase in total proteın concentration in blood serum of lambs of 2nd and 3rd group in comparison with other groups. There was also a significant difference in serum urea concentration of lambs of 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups in comparison with control group.8 - Neither signifcant differences were found in cholesterol, glucose, triglyerides nor in growth and throxine hormones among studeid groups.

تاثير استخدام الماء الممغنط والتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم Effect of using Magnetic water and Time of feed restriction on some productive and physiological traits of broiler chickens

اسم المؤلف: محمد حمد صالح

اسم المشرف: رياض كاظم موسى

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة في قاعة الدواجن التابعة الى قسم الثروة الحيوانية / كلية الزراعة / جامعة البصرة للفترة من 9/1/2014 ولغاية 13/2/2014 وذلك لدراسة تاثير استخدام الماء المعالج مغناطيسيواالتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم . استخدم 216 فرخا غير مجنس من فروج اللحم سلالة ROSS وزعت الافراخ عشوائيا الى ستة معاملات وبواقع ثلاثة مكررات لكل معاملة (12) طير لكل مكرر. تصميم التجربة تجربة عامليه شملت عاملين الاول (نوع الماء) والثاني (التقنين الغذائي) وبتصميم عشوائي تام وكانت المعاملات كما يلي : - 1 - معاملة الاولى : تغذية حرة + ماء شرب عادي (معاملة سيطرة) .2 - المعاملة الثانية : تغذية حرة + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .3 - المعاملة الثالثة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء شرب عادي .4 - المعاملة الرابعة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .5 - المعاملة الخامسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء شرب عادي .6 - المعاملة السادسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .واشارت النتائج الى مايلي : - 1 - تفوق معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط معنويا (p<0.05) في معدل وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كفاءة التحويل الغذائي , كمية الماء المستهلكة والدليل الانتاجي مع حصول انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الهلاكات مقارنة بمعاملة ماء الشرب العادي.2 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في معدلات وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كمية الماء المستهلكة ونسبة الهلاكات مع حصول تحسن معنوي في معدل كفاءة التحويل الغذائي والدليل الانتاجي في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .3 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05)معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الكبد , القلب , مع وجود انخفاض معنوي في الوزن النسبي لدهن البطن مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام ماء الشرب العادي , بينما لم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء على الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الفخذ , غدة فابريشا , القانصة وطول الامعاء .4 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الفخذ , الكبد , القلب , القانصة ودهن البطن , بينما ظهر ارتفاع معنوي لوزن النسبي لغدة فابريشيا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .5 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , كريات الدم البيض , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الشرب العادي.6 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , عدد كريات الدم البيض ونسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية معنويا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .7 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في تركيز الكولسترول, اليوريك , البروتينات الدهنية المنخفضة الكثافة وتركيز انزيمي GPT , GOT مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الماء العادي , ولم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء المستخدم على تركيز الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم . 8 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) لمعاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني معنويا في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين , والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , تركيز انزيم GPT , الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) وارتفاع معنوي لتركيز الكولسترول لمعاملة التقنين الغذائي مقارنة بمعاملة التقنين الغذائي , بينما لم يكن هناك فروق معنوية بين معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني ومعاملة السيطرة في تركيز اليوريا , انزيم GOT والبروتينات الدهنية الواطئة الكثافة في مصل الدم .9 - وجود تاثير معنوي (P<0.05) للتداخل بين نوعية الماء المستخدم وفترة التقنين الغذائي الزمني في معظم الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية للفروج قيد الدراسة . | This study was conducted at poultry house, Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture University of from Basrah, with period from 09/01/2014 to 13/02/2014. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of using Magnetically treaded water and Time of feed restriction on broiler chicks performance and some blood physiological traits.Atotal of (216) unsexed chicks of Ross strain aged one day, ware used in the study. The chicks were randomly distributed into (6) treatments with three Contain (12) chicks. Factorial experiment design experience included the first two factors (water type) and the second (food rationing) random design Tam. The treatment were : 1. T1 : Continuous feeding + Tap water.2. T2 : Continuous feeding + magnetically treated water.3. T3 : feed withdrawal [ on feed from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Tap water.4. T4 : Feed withdrawal [ no feeding from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Magnetically treated water.5. T5 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + Tap water.6. T6 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + magnetically treated water.The results of study indicated that : 1. Treatment of use magnetically treatment water Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in the live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, water consumption, production index and Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) mortality compared with using Tap water.2. significant decrease (P > 0.05) mortality in live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, water consumption, mortality and significant rise in feed conversion, production index . In two method of restriction compared with continuous feed treatment.3. Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in dressing percentage, relative weight of breast heart, liver, while Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) in relative weight of abdominal fat compared with Tap water treatment, while there are no Significant effect due to quality of water in relative weights of leg bursa gland gizzard and length of small intestine.4 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in dressing percentage , relative weight of breast , Leg , liver , heart , gizzard , Abdominal , fat , while Significantly increase on relative weight of bursa gland on two restriction treatment compared with continuous feed (control).5 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on RBC ,WBC , Hb , pcv% while Significantly decrease in H/L ratio compared with tap water treatment.6 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in RBC, Hb, PCV, H/L ratio on two restriction feed treatments with continuous feeding treatment while no Significantly effect due restriction period on WBC. 7 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on use magnetically treated water treat mean in glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL while Significantly decrease in cholesterol , urea , LDL , GPT, GOT , con centration in blood serum compared with use tap water theretor no Significantly effect due to triglyceride quality of water in blood of serum.8 - Significantly decrease in (P <0.05) mortality glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL , GPT and cholesterol on blood of serum restriction feed treat meant compared with control (continuous feed) , while no Significantly effect due to restriction feed period in , uric , LDL and GOT con centration in blood serum .9 - Significantly interaction (P<0.05) between water quality and feed restriction period in productive per for mance and physiology under study.

دراسة بعض الجوانب الحياتية لاسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 في الجزء الجنوبي لنهر الفرات، العراق Some Biological Aspects of the Bleak, Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 in the southern reaches of Euphrates River, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ليلى عبود عوفي

اسم المشرف: عبد الرزاق محمود محمد باسم محمد جاسم

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: جمعت 2307 سمكة من اسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 من نهر الفرات في منطقة الجبايش جنوب العراق للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2013 لغاية تشرين الاول 2014 باستعمال الصيد بالكهرباء. شكلت افراد النوع نسبة كلية قدرها 48.3% من الصيد الكلي. تراوحت الاطوال الكلية للاسماك بين 3.7 - 18.4سم. سادت مجموعة الطول (9.0 - 9.9) سم مجتمع الاسماك بنسبة 19.72%. تمثلت علاقة الطول (سم) والوزن الكلي (غم) لكل من الصغار والاناث والذكور بالمعادلات التالية : الصغار W = 0.003 L3.087 , r2 = 0.776 , n = 89 الاناث n =256 , r2 = 0.841 , W = 0.002 L3.193 الذكور n = 147 , r2 = 0.778 , W = 0.004 L3.027 كان نمو صغار النوع وذكوره متناظرا بينما كان نمو الاناث غير متناظر. تراوح معامل الحالة النسبي للصغار بين 0.71 في حزيران و1.44 في شباط وبمعدل 1.05 وللاناث بين 0.78 في اب و1.4 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 1.06 وللذكور بين 0.70 في اب و1.24 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 0.99. اشارت دراسة الحراشف الى وجود اربع مجاميع عمرية وكانت السيادة لمجموعة العمر 2. وصفت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) ونصف قطر الحرشفة (S) بالمعادلة التالية L =2.549 + 4.825 S بلغت اطوال الاسماك عند الاعمار الاربعة الاولى من حياتها (8.15 و11.33 و13.55 و16.0سم) على التوالي، وبلغت كفاءة النمو لاسماك النوع 2.16، كما امكن وصف نمو اسماك السمنان الطويل بالنموذج التالي : Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277) ) سجلت ادنى قيمة لنشاط التغذية 60.53% في شباط واعلاها 87.76% في ايلول، كما كانت اوطا قيمة لشدة التغذية 6.08 نقطة/سمكة في كانون الاول واعلاها 8.7 نقطة/سمكة في تموز. اظهرت نتائج فحص الغذاء ان اسماك السمنان الطويل تتغذى بشكل رئيس على الحشرات بنسبة 41.2% ثم الطحالب (28.7%) تليها القشريات (15.9%) والدايتومات (12.36%) والنباتات المائية (3.74%) والاسماك (3.36%) ثم النواعم (0.3%) وهي من الاسماك القارتة وتميل للغذاء الحيواني. حديد اول نضج جنسي لاناث اسماك السمنان الطويل وذكورها عند طول 8 سم وبعمر سنة واحدة لكل منهما. وكانت نسبة الجنس 1 : 1.7 لصالح الاناث تراوحت قيم دالة المناسل للاناث والذكور بين 0.8 و0.6 على التوالي في حزيران و14.01 و5.8 في كانون الثاني على التوالي. وضحت المقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية والانثوية انﱠ فترة وضع السرء كانت خلال شباط وانﱠ افراد النوع تطرح بيضها للتكاثر على مراحل ويبدا نضج البيض من الجزء الخلفي من المبيض قبل الجزء الامامي، كذلك تظهر اثار طرح البيض في الجزء الاوسط للمبيض من الفراغات الملاحظة بوسط مقطع المبيض. اظهر الفحص المجهري للمقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية انﱠ كيس الخصى يحتوي على مراحل متفاوتة من النضج في النماذج المختلفة من الذكور في شباط، كما تتضح الاوعية الدموية خلال نسيج الفصيصات ولوحظ نسبة قليلة من الخلايا بمرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocytes في الجزء الخلفي من المناسل، وانﱠ الجزء الامامي من المنسل اقل نضجا حيث لم تظهر مرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocyte. امتازت اسماك السمنان الطويل بخصوبة منخفضة اذ تراوحت بين 1119 بيضة لسمكة طولها 10.4سم و5022 بيضة لسمكة طولها 14.2 سم، وكانت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) والخصوبة (F) متمثلة بالمعادلة التالية : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605. | A total of 2307 individuals of Alburnus mossulensis were collected from the south part of Euphrate River, Chybaish, Iraq from November 2013 to October 2014 using electrofishig. The species constituted 48.3% of the total catch. Fish group size 9.0 - 9.9 cm was dominated in the samples (19.7%).The length - weight relationships of A. mossulensis for immature, female and male were : W = 0.003 L3.087 , W = 0.002 L3.193 , W = 0.004 L3.027respectively, revealing an isometric growth for immature and males, and allometric growth for females. The relative condition factor ranged from 0.71 in June to 1.44 in February with total average of 1.05 for immature, and from 0.78 in August to 1.40 in January with total average of 1.06 for females, and from 0.7 in August to 1.24 in January with total average of 0.99 for males. Four age groups were recorded and the most abundant age group was the second. The relation between total length (L) and scale radius (S) was : L =2.549 + 4.825 S. The lengths of fish during the first four years were 8.15, 11.33, 13.55 and 16.0 cm respectively. The growth performance index of A. mossulensis was computed as 2.16. The growth was described by von Bertalanffy equation as Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277)).Feeding activity values ranged from60.53 % in February to87.7 % in September. The minimum value of feeding intensity was 6.08 points/ fish in December and the maximum value was 8.7 points/ fish in July. Insects comprised 41.2% of the total food items of A. mossulensis followed by algae 28.7%, crustacean 15.9%, diatoms 12.36%, aquatic plants 3.74%, fish 3.36% and Mollusca 0.3%. Fish was found omnivores, tends to animal food more than plant food. The mean value of Lm50 was estimated to be 8.0cm, corresponding to one years old for both sexes. The overall sex ratio was (1 : 1.7 male : female). Gonadosomatic index for females ranged from 0.8 and 0.6 in June for females and males respectively to 14.01 and 5.8 in January for both sexes respectively. The spawning period started in February according to GSI values and histological examination for gonads during spawning season. The results of histological examinations revealed that this species has a short spawning season and female ovaries contained different maturing stages of ova, and the maturation started from the post part of gonads according to the space noticed at the middle part of the ovary. Histological examination proved that testes also contain different maturation stages. Blood vessel penetrate lobules with few spermatocytes at the posterior part of the testes whereas the anterior part less mature with disappearing of spermatocytes. Absolute fecundity for A. mossulensis ranged from1119 eggs for fish of 10.4 Cm length to 5022 egg for female of 14.2 Cm length.The relation between the total length (L) and fecundity represented by the following equation : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605

تاثير موعد الزراعة وكثافتها وحامض السالسليك وتداخلاتها في نمو نبات الكزبرة Coriandrum sativum L. وحاصله من الثمار وفعاليته التثبيطية لبعض الاحياء الدقيقة Effect of Sowing date, plant density and Salicylic acid in Growth plant coriander Coriandrum sativum (L.) and their yield from fruit and inhibitory activities of some microorganism

اسم المؤلف: ليلى تركي فضالة البدري

اسم المشرف: سميرة عبد الكريم مطرود ماجد عبد الحميد ابراهيم

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study was conducted during the growing season of 2015/2016 in the Medical and Aromatic Plants Unit Field, Collage of Agricultural, Basrah University, to study the effect of sowing date, plant density and salicylic acid in growth and yield of Coraiandrum sativum (L and its inhibitory activities of some microorganismThe study Includes 12 factorial treatments, which were the combinations of two sowing dates 1/10 or 1/11, two plant densities 25 plant m - 2 or 50 plant m - 2 and spraying with salicylic acid in concentration of 0 ,7.5 or 15 mg.l - 1. A Complete Randomized Block Design in a factorial experiment was used with three replicates. Treatment means were compared according to the Least Significant Differences Test (L.S.D) in level 0.05 was used to compared with Genstat programs. The most important results may be summarized as follows : - 1. Effect of sowing dates : Plants sown on 1/10 gave significantly increases in plant height, leaf number. Plant - 1, number of main lateral branches.plant - 1, dry weights of shoot system.plant - 1, length and dry weight of root system date to the appearance of the first inflorescence, the total number of inflorescences. plant - 1, total number of mini inflorescences plant - 1.total, the productivity of fruit. hectare - 1 (8.96 ton),oil yield.plant - 1 (0.893g), productivity of oil.hectare - 1 (330 kg), refractive index of volatile oil, leaves content of total soluble carbohydrates, leaves content of vitamin C and fruit content of total soluble carbohydrates. Whereas plants sown on 1\11 had a significant effect in total of mini inflorescences, and total protein percentage in fruit.2. Effect of plant densitycultivated plant at 25 plant.m - 2 had a significantly effect in leaf number.Plant - 1, number of main lateral branches.plant - 1 , dry weights of shootSummaryBsystem.plant - 1, length and dry weight of root system , , total number of mini inflorescences.plant - 1, leaves content of total soluble carbohydrates, fruit content of total soluble carbohydrates. cultivated plant at 50 plant.m - 2 had a significant effect in plant height, the productivity of fruit hectare - 1 (8.56 ton), productivity of oil .hectare - 1 (320 kg).3. Effect of salicylic acidPlant sprayed with SA at 15 mg.l - 1 had a significant effect in number of main lateral branches, dry weights of shoot system.plant - 1, dry weight of root, the total number of inflorescences.plant - 1, total number of mini inflorescences plant - 1. weight of 1000 fruit, , refractive index of volatile oil, oil density, leaves content of total soluble carbohydrates, fruit content of total soluble carbohydrates, total protein percentage in fruit. Whereas Plant sprayed with SA at 7.5 mg.l - 1 had a significant effect in leaf number.Plant - 1, length of root system, and the productivity of fruit.hectare - 1 (8.83ton).4. Effect of the interactionsThe Interactions between the study factors, showed a significant effect in most studied parameters.5. Effectiveness of alcoholic extracts and oil of the plant coriander against the two types of pathogenic bacteria to humanThe activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts and oil of fruit were tested against some types of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at three concentrations100, 200, or 400 mg.l. - 1 by using filter paper disc diffusion method. Each of ethanolic extract and oil of the fruits inhibition in concentrations 400 mg.l - 1, were effected growth of bacteria E. coli. They reached the diameter of inhibition 12 mm. Ethanolic extracts of the fruits at concentration of 400 mg.l - 1 gave the highest inhibition of growth of bacteria staph. aureus amount 12mm and E. coli the diameter of inhibition 10 mm.SummaryC6. Effectiveness of alcoholic exteracts and oil of the plant coriander against two pathogenic fungi to humanThe activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts and oil of fruit were tested against types two fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albican at three concentrations 100, 200,or 400 mg.l - 1. Was mathanolic extract of the fruits at concentration of 400 mg.l - 1 gave the highest inhibition of growth of A. nigerand C. albican amount 12mm and showed oil fruit and ethanolic extracts at concentration cultivated of 400 mg.l - 1 the highest inhibition against A. nigerand C. albican amount 10mm.

تاثير التعقيم مصدر الجزء النباتي ومنظمات النمو في اكثار نبات الكاردينيا المتقزم Gardenia jasminoides Ellis صنف Radicans خرج الجسم الحي واقلمتة Effect of Sterilization, The Source of Explants and growth regulators on propagation of dwraf Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. cv. Radicans In vitro and Acclimatization

اسم المؤلف: لمياء حسين موسى عايش المازني

اسم المشرف: هدى عبد الكريم عبد الودود الطه

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This work was conducted in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Agriculture Collage, Basrah University, Basrah Governorate, Iraq during the period 23/ October/ 2013 to 15/ March/ 2015. The aims of this study can be summarized to : (a) set up a protocol for establishment of sterilization techniques and effect the source of explants in micropropagation of dwarf gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.) cultivar 'Radicans', (b) study the effect of different growth regulators auxins and cytokinins on multiplication and rooting of regenerants , and (c) set up a procedure for plantlet acclimatization .Results can be summarized as follow : 1. Contamination is first obstacle facing the micropropagation for dwarf gardenia. In order to overcome this problem, a sterilization procedure was developed as a base line to determine the relative effectiveness of various disinfectants which is described in this study. Observations indicate that only 26.60% healthy clean cultures was obtained when 40% of sodium hypochlorite solution used singly. But, when explants disinfected first with 40% sodium hypochlorite followed by treating with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 minute the percentage rate of aseptic cultures increased to 56.60%. Therefore, the successful protocol was adopted in this study.2. (a) Results revealed that High response to tissue culture , shoot numbers , length, leaf width and leaf numbers (100%, 1.30 shoots/explant, 8.4 - 1.55 cm and 2.66 leaves/explant respectively) were obtained when the shoot tips and nodal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA+ 0.2mg/L NAA+ 0.2mg/L GA3 each. While, maximumsuccessful response of nodal explant to tissue culture 80% and 100% was observed in MS medium enriched with BA 3 and 4 mg/L BA. However, granular callus was formed on the lower part of the nodes, but after a time this callus turned brown and hyperhydric (vitrified).(b) Maximum successful response of shoot tips in vitro 100% was noticed in MS medium enriched with different concentrations of TDZ 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/L in the presence of NAA and GA3 0.2mg/L each, but the high rate of shoot number 1.8 and length 1.18 cm obtained on MS medium containing 1 mg/L TDZ. Where, the rate value of leaf width and numbers were increased only on MS medium fortified with low concentrations of TDZ 0.5 and 1mg/L. On the contrary, nodal explants cultured on same medium failed to responding, except the ones cultured on MS medium containing 1mg/L TDZ , showed moderate rate value of average growth responding66. 06%.3. (a) Results also revealed that the culture of shoot tips on medium supplemented with a combination of 3 mg/L BA, 0.2 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L GA3 gave the highest value of average shoots number, leave number, and leaf width (2.50 shoots/explant, 6 leaves/plant and 1.7cm respectively). But, at this formula shoots became hyperhydic and leaves fall down. Whereas, highest shoot length 1.75 cm was recorded on MS medium enriched with 1 mg/L BA.(b) Highest shoot and leaf numbers and leaf width recorded on MS medium containing 1 mg/L TDZ in the presence of NAA and GA3 0.2mg/L each 4.33 shoots/explant, 6.00 leaves/ explant and 1.30 cm respectively. Whereas, highest shoot length 1.50 cm recorded on MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg/L TDZ. However, small amount of white brownish callus raised around the nodes grown on medium containing 0.5 mg/L TDZ, whilebig amount of the same callus was recognized around the nodes grown on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L TDZ.4. (a) The present study has revealed that abundant primary callus formation (100%) could be achieved only from young leaf segments (basal and middle segments) within 10.3 and 15.3 days in MS medium containing 3 mg/L 2,4 - D and 0.2 mg/L BA, and under dark conditions.1) Transferring the primary callus to MS medium enriched with 3mg/L 2,4 - D for 8 weeks under light conditions led to induce somatic embryos, that can be identified by their nodular consistency and green color.2) While, shifting the primary callus to MS medium enriched with 3 or 5mg/L BA + 0.2mg/L 2,4 - D led to converting the primary callus to compact callus, and at the end of incubation period, small adventitious shoots was generating.(b) Results also showed that white brownish granular callus initiated under dark conditions on the base of the leaf petioles (basal segment) explants grown on MS medium containing 5 mg/L BA+0.2mg/L NAA, then the callus increased to covered whole explant during the end of incubation period. However, adventitious shoots was generated from primary callus when shifted to MS medium fortify with 1 or 2 mg/L BA. Results also revealed that the middle segment of the leaf explants failed to form callus on MS medium containing different concentrations of BA used in this study.(c) It was observed that in vitro shoots segments 1.5 cm length produced 100% callus on 1/2 MS medium enriched with 8 mg/L NAA within 8 - 9 days of inoculation. However, transferring this callus to full strength of MS medium supplemented with 1 or 2 mg/L BA led to generating small green adventitious shoots.5. (a)Maximum root formation rate 100% with high number of roots 7.33/plantlet, root length 7.33cm and number of secondary roots (8.00/ main root), were obtained within a short period 13.33 days Also, it was found that the length of shoots and number of leaves were increased to 12 cm and 11.33 leaves/plantlet, respectively.(b) On ½MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L in the presence of 0.2mg/L BA, adventitious roots formed with rate 100%. These roots emerged indirectly from the edge of shoots with callus induction phase and developed into white thick and wide roots which grew and branched inside medium. However, maximum value of morphological traits for root was obtained when the shoots grown on MS medium containing 8 mg/L NAA in the presence of 0.2mg/L BA, while the less period of root formation was recorded when the NAA concentration decreased to 2mg/L.6. Two procedures of acclimatization have been attempted to obtain full healthy plantlets ex vitro. Results showed that the soaking of rooted plants for 10 - 14 days in pure water, nearly 60% of plantlets were survived. Whereas, treated the plantlet with 2% PEG 6000 before transplanting to soil increased the survival rate to 100%, Also this concentration of PEG was decreased the precentage of wather loss from leaves of gardenia plants through the acclimatization stage 12.8%.

مقارنة بعض الصفات الوعية والكيميائية ونمط الترحيل الكهربائي لبروتينات البياض لبيض الاوز المحلي العراقي الابيض والرمادي

اسم المؤلف: كرار سلام عبيد الزبيدي

اسم المشرف: ماجد حسن الاسدي

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This Study Was Undertaken To Compare Some of Qualitative and Chemical Characteristics and the Electrophoresis of eggs of white and grey Iraqi geese. Birds were bred at private farm( Babel province) For the Period from 1st oct.2016 to 2nd Feb. 2017. A total of 40 females geese aged 2 years (at their second eggs production season) (20 birds white color and 20 birds gray color) were used. Eggs were collected daily from each group. Birds were kept in closed barns with swimming pool in side. The aim of this study was to estimate some qualities and chemical traits of eggs from different group(White and Gray Geese ). Fatty and amino acids were also estimated Electrophoresis of egg white portions was also compared the results revealed the following : 1 - There was a significant increase in means of egg Weight, yolk and egg white of white geese (143.40 , 52.94 and 62.89m respectively) the grey geese egg shell weight was height than that of white geese.2 - There were significant differences in egg shape index and in Haugh unit of grey geese (68.27 and 100.90 respectively) in comparison with those of white geese.3 - Grey geeses eggs showed higher (p≤0.05) moisture percentage (69.10%). However, Yolk white geese egg showed higher protein and fat percentages (16.96, 35.64) % respectively in comparison with those of grey geese eggs (14.19, 32.97) % respectively.4 - pH of eggs white of white geese (9.12) was significantly higher than that of grey geese, whereas, Yolk showed higher cholesterol level (4.42 mg/gm).5 - Unsaturated fatty acids percentage (mono and poly bonds) of egg yolk were high in both group geese (66.11 and 63.78)% whereas, saturated fatty acids percentages of white and grey geese were 32.94 and 32.22% respectively.6 - Egg white of grey geese revealed significantly(p≤0.05) higher percentage of Arginine and alanine of both white and yolk (26.98 and 17.18% respectively). There were no significant differences in amino acids percentages of egg yolk of both groups.7 - There was genetic Poly morphism in albumin and transferrin of White and grey geese eggs proteins. As well as, there was genetic variation in the two proteins of Iraqi geese.

تاثير التسميد الورقي في نمو وحاصل هجينين من الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. المزروعة في البيوت البلاستيكية EFFECT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOW TOMATO HYBRIDS Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. GROWN IN PLASTIC HOUSES

اسم المؤلف: كاظم سالم لعيبي خليل الحمراني

اسم المشرف: عبد الله عبد العزيز عبد الله عواطف نعمة جري

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: An experiment was conducted out during the season of 2014 - 2015 in unheated plastic house conditions belonging to the Maymunah Horticulture Station / Agriculture Directorate of Maysan to investigate the effect of foliar water - soluble fertilizers (Kinglife NPK 12 - 48 - 8+micro and Kally28 NPK 9 - 0 - 6 + Ca, Mg, B) on the growth, flowering and yield of tomato of hybrids ("Wogdan" and "Noura"). The study included eighteen treatments which were the combination of three factors. The first factor was two hybrids tomato "Wogdan" and "Noura" . The second factor was three levels of Kinglife (0, 2, 3 g.l. - 1) .The third factor was three levels of Kally28 (0, 2, 3 ml.l. - 1). A split - split plot design was used with three replicates. Treatment means were compared using least significant difference L.S.D. test at a probability of 0.05. Results may be summarized as follows : 1.Vegetative growth parameters "Noura" hybrid had the highest leaf area per plant and dry weight of shoot system compared to "Wogdan" hybrid after 90 and 150 days from transplanting. Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase in plant height, stem diameter ,leaf number and leaf area per plant after 90 and 150 days from transplanting, and fresh and dry weight of the shoot system after 150 days from transplanting compared with control treatment. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most vegetative growth characteristics. 2. Leaf chemical characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid showed significantly higher in the concentration total carotenoid and percentage of phosphorus in leaves compared with "Noura" hybrid.Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase in percentage of nitrogen and the total chlorophyll concentration, whereas Kinglife at 3 g.l. - 1 caused a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates concentration in leaves comparison with the control. Foliar spraying with Kally28 at both concentrations caused a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates concentration, whereas Kally28 at 2 ml.l. - 1 caused a significant increase in percentage of potassium and carotene concentration in leaves comparison with the control . The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. 3. Flowering characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid had the highest number of inflorescences compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid had the lowest the flower abortion as compared with "Wogdan " hybrid. Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused significantly increase in the number of inflorescences, the number of flowers per inflorescences and decreased in flower abortion, as compared with the control. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. 4. Yield and its components "Wogdan" hybrid had the highest number of fruit per plant compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid had the highest the weight of fruit as compared with "Wogdan" hybrid. Both foliar fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase the yield and its components compared with control unfertilized. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. Foliar spraying of "Wogdan" hybrid with Kinglife at 3 g.l. - 1 and Kally28 at 2 ml.l. - 1 gave the highest values of early yield and total yield per plastic house (4.277 and 10.697) Kg.m - 2, Sequentially,whereas "Noura" unfertilized gave the lowest (2.161 and 5.411) Kg.m - 2, Sequentially. 5. Fruit quality characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid caused significant increases in total soluble solids and concentration of vitamin C compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid caused significant increases in percentage of dry matter as compared with "Wogdan" hybrid. Both foliar fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase fruit quality characteristics (vitamin C concentration, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and percentage of dry matter) compared with control unfertilized. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics.

دراسة تشخيصية وبيئية لبعض انواع عائلة الخنافس المائية الغواصة (Insecta : Coleoptera) Family : Dytiscidae وامكانية استخدامها في المقاومة الحيوية في محافظة البصرة Identification and Ecological study to some Species of water submarine beetles family (Insecta : Coleoptera) Family : Dytiscidae and ability to Use it in Biological Control in Basra Province

اسم المؤلف: فرج عبد الحي علك

اسم المشرف: علاء صبيح جبار اياد عبد الوهاب عبد القادر

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: A diagnostic and environmental study of some species of Order : Coleoptera belongs to Fammily : Dytiscidae . The important parts drawn and described for classifying species and put taxonomic key. The impact of environmental conditions in study area showed the presence and spread of species and their role as a larvae predators and pupae on adults mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus and also compete with each other during the study of predation relationship and the statement of the phenomenon of self - predation (Cannabalism) in the same species .The study revealed there is five species belonging to the family of water submarine beetles ( Fam : Dytiscidae) as showed below. 1. Colymbetes piceus (Klug, 1834) Subfamily : Colymbetinae2. Cybister tripunctatus (Oliv., 1785( Subfamily : Cybistrinae3. Hydaticus ponticus (Sharp, 1882) Subfamily : Dytiscinae 4. Hydrovatus clypealis (Sharp, 1876) Subfamily : Hydroporinae 5. Laccophilus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Subfamily : LaccophilinaeSpecies C. piceus the body average length 16 - 18 mm and head is black with brown base ,the front dorsal plate brownblack and yellow from both sides but C. tripunctatus that its length is larger than 24 - 29 mm and a sleek sheath does not contain sexual engraving, but H. ponticus body length of 10 - 15 mm, head umber is brown to yellowish and the front back plate is yellow which has provided black strap at the base. The species H. clypealis that its length is larger than 2 - 3 mm , that the body convex oval broad, wrist consists of four pieces in the first and second pair of legs, but L. minutus that its length is larger than 4.1 - 5.7 mm , characterized that a front base (Pronotum) zigzagging back, sheath has a reticular lines..The study of annual presence to family Dytiscidae is started between November 2015 until the end of October 2016. Results showed that theBhighest rate of the species was in the H. ponticus reaching 5.78 insect / month, and the lowest rate 0.13 insect / type of species C. tripunctatus . Alemdaina station recorded the highest rate of the presence of the species, reaching 3.25 insect / month whereas Qurna Station was lowest rate reaching 1.87 insect / month. The results showed that the highest rate of the presence of the species during the months was in the November at a rate of 4.41 insect / month, while the least insect rate was 0.96 / month for the month of July.The study included the impact of certain environmental conditions and the presence of which degrees air temperature, water, dissolved oxygen, pH and water salinity in the five main stations in the districts of the Basrah province which are Qurna , Almdaina , Shatt al - Arab , Abo - Alkaseeb and the city center of Basrah province.The study recorded the highest temperature of air and water for the month of July was 43.23 º C and 32.58 º C, respectively, while the lowest was 17.07 ºC and 18.80 º C, respectively, for the month of January. The results showed a higher rate of oxygen dissolved in the Shatt al - Arab and amounted to 5.50 mg / l while the lowest rate was in the center of the Basrah province and reached 5.25 mg / l. The study indicated that pH values were close to all stations and characterized a light alkali where rates between 7.44 - 8.16 in all the stations as well it was observed that the highest salinity rates were in Abu - Alkaseeb station reached 7.01 ds m - 1 while less than the rate of 5.04 ds m - 1 for the station of Almdaina.The study found the results of the most important linear relationships and correlation treatments between the population density of the species and attributes measured the highest correlation coefficients were between the presence of species through the expense of numerical density are full with water temperatures and salinity during the months of the year, amountingCto - 0.84 and - 0.79 respectively, while the influence of dissolved oxygen and pH was less than it before as they relate reached coefficient as 0.67 and 0.55 respectively.The results of the biocontrol on the larvae and pupae mosquitoes is superior kind Cybister tripunctatus on the rest of the studied species was predation rate on larvae 35.22 larvae / day and the pupae 29.78 pupae / day, while the lowest rate was 1.56 larvae / day and 1.33 pupae / day for the type Hydrovatus clypealis.Predation experiments between species recorded outweigh species Cybister tripunctatus The highest predation rate on the species Hydrovatus clypealis reached 3 insect / day on the second day, while the lowest rate of predation was the species Colymbetes piceus reaching 0.55 insect / day on the third day, while Cannibalism experiments It scored higher predation rate for members of a species Laccophilus minutus reached 0.72 insect / day, while not recorded any case of a self - devouring type Cybister tripunctatus.

تاثير مستويات من N وP وK في نمو وحاصل اصناف من محصول الحنطة (Triticum aestivum L.) The effect of levels from N , P and K in the growth and yield cultivars of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

اسم المؤلف: فالح حسن فالح

اسم المشرف: وليد عبد الرضا جبيل السباهي

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: نفذت التجربة في حقل احد المزارعين في منطقة الشنانة التابعة لقضاء القرنة ( 65 كم شمال البصرة ) خلال الموسم الشتوي 2013 / 2014 في تربة ذات نسجة مزيجية طينية , بهدف دراسة استجابة خمسة اصناف من الحنطة (. Triticum aestivum L ) ( بحوث158 واباء 99 وبحوث 22 وابو غريب 3 وفتح ) لاربعة مستويات منN وP وK ( صفر) و( 60 كغم N + 13.8 كغم P + 25 كغم K هـˉ١ ) و( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١) و(180 كغم N + 41.4 كغم P + 75 كغم K هـˉ١ ), اشتملت التجربة على 20 معاملة ناتجة من التوافيق بين اصناف الحنطة ومستويات السماد , ونفذت باسلوب القطع المنشقة وفقا لتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة وبثلاثة مكررات , احتلت مستويات السماد الالواح الرئيسية بينما احتلت اصناف الحنطة الالواح الثانوية. وقد اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان الاصناف الخمسة اختلفت معنويا فيما بينها بالصفات المدروسة اذ تفوق الصنف بحوث 158 في متوسط عدد ايام من 50% تسنبل وحتى النضج ( 53.75 يوما ) ومساحة ورقة العلم ( 48.87 ســم2 ) ووزن 1000 حبة ( 40.32 غــم ) والحاصل الحيوي ( 21.39 طن هــˉ١ ) , في حين تفوق الصنف اباء99 في طول السنبلة ( 12.56 ســم ) وعدد الحبوب في السنبلة (85.08 حبة سنبلةˉ١) , اما الصنف بحوث 22 فقد تفوق فـــــــــــــــي صفات حاصـــــــــــل الحبوب ( 7.91 طن هــˉ١ ) ودليل الحصاد ( 41.10 % ) وحاصل البروتين ( 902.09 كغم هــˉ١), وقد سجل الصنف ابو غريب3 تفوقا في ارتفاع النبات ( 90,62 سـم ) وعدد الاشطاءالكلي م2( 958.10 ) وعدد السنابل م2 (859.08 ) وكفاءة التسنبل (88.41% ) , وقد اعطى الصنف فتح اعلى عدد ايام من الزراعة وحتى 50 % تسنبل (111.59 يوما ) وتفوق في نسبة البروتين ( 12.13 % ) . واشارت النتائج الى تفوق المستوى السمادي F₃( 180 كغم N + 41.4 كغم P + 75 كغم K هـˉ١ ) اعلى متوسط في عدد الايام من الزراعة وحتى 50% تسنبل ( 104.07 يوما ) وفي عدد الايام من 50% وحتى النضج (48.27 يوما ) وتفوقه معنويا في صفات ارتفاع النبات (89.98 ســم ) ومساحة ورقة العلم ( 46.50 ســم2 ) وطول السنبلة ( 12.36 ســم ) وعدد الحبوب فــي السنبلة ( 76.78 حبة سنبلة ˉ١ ) . اما المستوى السمادي F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم اK هـˉ١) فقد تـــــفوق معنويا فـــــــــــي صفات عـــــدد الاشطاء الكلي ( 828.00 شطا ) وحاصــل الحبوب ( 7.69 طن هــˉ١) والحاصل الحيوي ( 20.97 طن هــˉ١) ونسبة البروتين ( 11.78 % ) والذي لم يختلف عن المستوى السمادي F₁ فــــي هذه الصفة معنويا (11.72% ) وحاصل البروتين ( 906.22 كغم هــˉ١ ) . وسجل المستوى F₁ ( 60 كغم N + 13.8 كغم P + 25 كغم K هـˉ١ ) تفوقا معنويا في صفة عدد السنابل مˉ2( 709.80 سنبلة مˉ2 ) واعطى نسبة البروتين وبدون فارق معنوي عن المستوى السمادي F₂ وبنسبة ( 11.72 % ) . ومن النتائج ظهر عدم وجود فروقات معنوية لاستخدام مستويات السماد NPK في صفات كفاءة التسنبل ووزن 1000 حبة ودليل الحصاد . اثر التداخل بين الاصناف ومستويات NPK في كل الصفات ما عدا صفة وزن 1000 حبة . وبينت نتائج الدراسة ان الصنف بحوث 22 × F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١ ) اعطى اعلى المعدلات لحاصل الحبوب (8.55 طن هــˉ١ ) وحاصـــــــــــــل البروتين ( 1012.32 كغم هــ ˉ١ ) والذي لم يختلف معنويا عن التداخل بين الصنف فتح × F₂ والذي اعطى حاصل بروتين بلغ 994.80 كغم هــˉ١ . اما الصنف فتح × F₂ فاعطى اعلى نسبة بروتين من بين كل التداخلات بنسبة بلغت 12.97 % . وجد ارتباط معنوي موجب بين حاصل الحبوب وكل من ارتفاع النبات ومساحة ورقة العلم وعدد الاشطاء الكلي وطول السنبلة ودليل الحصاد وحاصل البروتين ووجد ارتباط معنوي سالب بين حاصل الحبوب وكفاءة التسنبل . وان افضل مردود اقتصادي جاء من استخدام مستوى السماد F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١ )حيث اعطى ناتجا حديا مقداره (7.76 ) دينار لكل ( 1 ) دينار للانتاج باستخدام السماد NPK المدعوم تحت ظروف شمال البصرة .اما بالنسبة الى تداخل الاصناف والسماد فحققت المعامــــــــلة بحوث22× F₂( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K ) هـˉ١ وقد اعطت اعلى ناتجا حديا بلغ ( 14.70 ) دينار لكل (1) دينار مستثمر من استخدام السماد NPK المدعوم حكوميا. | A study was conducted at AL - shinana that belong to AL - Qurna about ( 65) Km north Basrha during winter season of 2013 - 2014 in silty loam soil to study the response of five wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) ( Bhooth - 158 , IPA - 99 , Bhooth - 22, Abu - Graib - 3 and Fateh ) for the four levels of N, P and K zero, (60 kg N + 13.8 kg P + 25 kg K hˉ1) , (120 kg N + 27.6 kg P +50 kg K hˉ1) and (180 kg N + 41.4 kg P + 75 kg K hˉ1) . The experiment included 20 treatment came from the combination between wheat cultivars and fertilizer levels . Split - plot design was used in rendomized block design with three replicates , the level of fertilizer were the main plots , where as wheat cultivars were the Sub - plots . Resulte showed the five cultivars are different in it's characteristics as the Bhooth - 158 was superior in number of days to 50% of spiking to maturation (53.75 days ) , flag leaf area ( 48.87 cm2 ), weight of 1000 seeds ( 40.32 gm ) , biological yield ( 21.39 ton .hˉ¹ ) . IPA - 99 was superior in spike length ( 12.56 cm ) , number of seeds per spike( 985.08 ) . Bhooth - 22 was superior in characteristics of seed yield ( 7.91 ton.hˉ¹ ) , harvesting index ( 41.10 % ) and protein yield ( 902.09 Kg hˉ ¹) . Abu - Graib cultivar was superior in plant height (90.62 cm ) ,number of tillers .mˉ 2 (958.10) ,number of spikes .mˉ 2(859.08) and spiking efficiency (89.75% 0 . Fateh cultivar gave the highest number of days from planting to 50% spiking ( 111.59 days) and protein content ( 12.13% ) . Results showed a variance among fertilizer level where F₃ level (180 Kg N + 41.4 Kg P + 75 Kg K hˉ ¹) caused highest number of days from planting to 50% spiking (104.07 days) , number of days from 50% to maturation ( 48.27 ) , plant height (89.98 cm ) flag leaf area (46.50 cm2 ) , spike length ( 12.36 cm ) number of seeds per spike ( 76.78 seed . spike ˉ ¹) . The F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) was superior in number of tillers (828.00 ) , seed yield ( 7.69 ton .hˉ ¹), biological yield ( 20.97 ton .hˉ ¹) , protein (11.78% ) and protein yield (0.906 ton .hˉ ¹) . The F₁ level ( 60Kg N + 13.8 Kg P + 25Kg K hˉ ¹) was superior in number of spikes per. m2 spike .m(609.80 spike .mˉ 2 ) and protein percent(11.72% ) which not significantly different from level F₂ . There were no significant effect of fertilizer levels on spiking efficiency , weight of 1000 seeds and harvesting index . There were an interaction between cultivars and fertilizer level in all characteristics except the weight of 1000 seeds . Bhooth 22 × F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) produced highest seed yields ( 8.55 ton . hˉ¹ ) and protein yield ( 1.01 ton .hˉ¹ ) which was not significantly different from the interaction between Fateh cultivar and 400 kg .hˉ¹ fertilizer which produced protein ( 0.993 ton .hˉ¹ ) . Fateh cultivar fertilized by 400 kg. hˉ¹ NPK produced highest protein percent which was 12.97 % . There was a positive correlation among seed yield and plant height , flag leaf area , number of tillers , spike length , harvesting index and protein yield . A negative correlation was found between seed yield and spiking efficiency . The best economical profit came from the use of F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) which produce ( 7.76) Iraqi dinar for each one dinar used for fertilizer used in north Basrah . The interaction between Bhooth 22 cultivar and level F₂ produce highest product ( 14.70 ) dinars to each one dinar invested in the use of NPK fertilizer that supported by government

دراسة التنوع الوراثي للجاموس العراقي باستخدام تقنيتي RAPD وSTR Study of Genetic Diversity of Iraqi Buffalo by RAPD and STR

اسم المؤلف: فالح حسن حمد

اسم المشرف: اسعد يحيى عايد طالب احمد جايد

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The current study was conducted in the laboratory of Dr. TalibAhmed Jaayide Molecular Genetics / Faculty of Agriculture /University of Basrah. After collecting blood samples from the Iraqibuffalo in the provinces of Basrah (30 samples), Dhi Qar, Maysanand Najaf (25 samples each), bringing the total samples to 105samples. The study aimed to study the genetic diversity of the Iraqibuffalo through the use of tow techniques, first technique was, thePCR - RAPD technique and the second microsatellite technique(PCR - STR). After extracting the DNA samples, seven primers ofPCR - RAPD technique were used, included C01, C04, C06, C07,C09, C11 and C12. Primers of PCR - STR technique wereILSTS005, ILSTS029 and ILSTS072. After analyzing the results ofthe three technologies it can be summarized as follows : 1 - All primers of PCR - RAPD showed genetic polymorphisms,with the presence of many bands except the primer C11which was notamplified in all samples.2 - The size of primer C07 was 1969 bp, which was the biggestprimer size, however, the smallest primer size was C01(1606 bp).3 - Number of bands showed by PCR - RAPD primers were 28,42, 56, 53, 57 and 64 bands of C01, C04, C06, C07, C09,C12 primers respectively.4 - Primer C09 revealed the highest number of polymorphicbands in Basra and Dhi - Qar provinces (47 and 46 bandsrespectively). However, the primer C12 gave highest numberof polymorphic bands in Maysan (47 bands). The primer C01showed lowest number of polymorphic bands in all studiedprovinces (14 bands in Basra and Dhi - Qar provinces, 12bands in Maysan and 13 bands in Najaf province.5 - Shared bands between Basra and Dhi - Qar, Basra andMaysan, Basra and Najaf, Dhi - Qar and Maysan, Dhi - Qar andNajaf and Maysan and Najaf were 177, 151, 162, 146 and152 bands respectively. The high number of shared bandsreflected high genetic similarly among provinces.6 - Maysan province showed highest special bands of primerC07 (8 bands) followed by Dhi - Qar province (5 bands) whichis considered as fingerprint for these provinces even they showed very low frequencies.7 - Primer C04 revealed lowest genetic diversity measured by Shannon index in all studied areas (28.82 - 35.58%), however, all other primers showed higher genetic diversity (47.57 - 55.70%).8 - Similarity among provinces was higher than 70% to 95% for all PCR - RAPD primers, which indicates that all subpopulations of buffalo belong to one breed.9 - Primers C07 and C12 highlighted highest percent of mean gene diversity to population diversity (GST) with a value of 22.69 and 21.46 respectively.10 - All STR markers (ILSTS005, ILSTS029 and ILSTS072) have been amplified in all buffalo samples of all studied areas. Observed allele numbers were 20, 22 and 21 alleles for markers respectively with a total of 63 alleles. The marker ILSTS005 gave highest number of observed alleles in Dhi - Qar (21), Najaf (20) and Maysan (17). Whereas, the marker ILSTS029 showed less number of observed alleles at Maysan province (9 alleles). 11 - Allele frequencies ranged from 0.02 to 0.32 for all markers and provinces.12 - Shared alleles between Basra andDhi - Qar, Basra and Maysan, Basra and Najaf, Dhi - Qar and Maysan, Dhi - Qar andNajaf, Maysan and Najaf were 25, 27, 30, 22, 33 and 33alleles.13 - Special allele mean frequency of studied population was 0.048. While gene flow after adjusted for sample size of each province was 2.25 alleles. Range of missing allele frequency for all studied areas was 0.000 - 0.099.14 - Range of heterozygosity percent was 80 - 100%, whereas homozygosity% was 0 - 20%.15 - All Fis values of studied markers in all provinces were significant except the marker STR072 in Dhi - Qar province which was nonsignificant. This result reflected the absence of inbreeding in all areas and there was no significant deficiency in genetic variation.16 - Linkage disequilibrium test showed that tested markers are not located on one chromosome.17 - The study thus highlights the usefulness of heterologous PCR - RAPD and microsatellite markers to assess the genetic variability in buffalo. Also various diversity indices suggest sufficient genetic variability within Iraqi buffalo that can be utilized as initial guidelines for future breeding strategies and conservation.

تاثير السكر المتعدد الخارجي والخلايا المقتولة حراريا لعزلات محلية من بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك في تثبيط نمو الخلايا السرطانية وكمضادات اكسده ومايكروبيه Effect of the expolysacaccarid and heat killed cells for local isolates of Lactic acid bacteria in growth inhibition of cancer cells and as antioxidation and antimicrobial

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة حسن احمد اللعيبي

اسم المشرف: قيثار رشيد مجيد ناهي يوسف ياسين

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Lactobacillus bacteria was Isolated from different food samples included (bananas, tomatoes, apples, mandarin orange, cheese, buffalo milk, local yogurt and imported yogurt) and from infant feaces . 65 isolates were obtained out of 64 food samples, and 11 samples of infant feaces belong to Lactobacillus spp. and identified depending on selective medium MRS agar as well as phenotypic tests, microscopic tests and biochemical examinations including catalase test, production of Co2 from glucose, gelatin liquefaction, ammonia reduction from arginine, nitrate reduction to nitrite, growth examination in different temperatures, indole test, salinity tolerance test, motility test and carbohydrate fermentation test. As well as, confirmed test was done by using PCR technique. Purification and identification conducted and showed it contain (20) isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus, (23) isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum, (6) isolate of Lactobacillus casei, (12) isolates of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, (3) isolates of bacteria Lactobacillus johnsonii and one isolates of Lactobacillus helveticus. The identified isolates of Lactic acid bacteria were tested on the production of polysaccharide and the optimal conditions for the production by using the modified medium by adding lactose to the medium and vaccine volume was 0.1% and the temperature of incubating was 37c° for (24 - 48) hrs and pH was (6.2 - 6.5) and centrifuged (11000) rpm. Detction of polysaccharide for all obtained bacteria was done . Results showed that the bast of amount production of polysaccharide to(Lactobacillus plantarum )which isolate from imported yoghurt (yR5) because it got the best amount of polysaccharide production which was (850.35) m / ml.SummaryThe presence of polysaccharide was detected by using thin - layer chromatography technique TLC to make sure from the presence of sugar molecules by using sulfuric acid and then the produced polysaccharide was detected by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Technology HPLC with the existence of standard saccharides for the purpose of detection and comparison.Inhibition activity of both crude bacteria cells and produced polysaccharide were studied against gram positive and negative bacteria which included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonandas aeruginosa and E. coli O157 : H7 as well as the inhibitory activity against fungi was determined for each crude bacteria cells and produced polysaccharide especially against Penicillium spp. and Asprgills niger Result showed that in habithion effect was apparel towel all microorganism however no effect E. coli O157 : H7.Anti - oxidant activity of crude bacterial isolates were tested and the best anti - oxidant activity (Lactobacillus acidophilus (was the isolate which isolated from bananas source (B4) Mar 51.01% reached while less effective was the isolation (Lactobacillus bulgaricus) isolated from the local yogurt source (yL2) if it reaches 14.04% and the highest antioxidant activity of polysaccharide was from the isolate(Lactobacillus bulgaricus) which isolated from the local yogurt source (yL6) , amounting to 67.51% while it was less effective than isolation (Lactobacillus acidophilus ) isolated from the local chess source (Cha2) as it was 1.29% compared with the industrial anti - oxidation BHT and the natural anti - oxidation α - tocopherol in concentration (0.05 g / ml), results showed that the anti - oxidant activity by using the industrial anti - oxidant BHT reached to 82.70%, while the highest inhibitory activity of bacteriaSummaryanti - oxidant compounds 51.01% and for polysaccharide the highest percentage of inhibition was 67.51%, the bacteria anti - oxidant compounds and polysaccharide activity were close, while the activity of the natural anti - oxidants α - tocopherol was 73.96%.The results of sensitivity toward 10 antibiotics showed that all isolates of lactobacillus spp. Were sensitive to clindamycin. While only 16% of isolates were sensitive to nalidaxic acid.The cytotoxicity effect of the Heat killed (HK) cells and polysaccharide extract (EPS) of local isolates of Lactobacillus spp. on three of the cancer cells lines, human cervix uteri epitheloid carcinoma (Hela), muscular cancer cells line (RD) and rat embryogenic fibroblast (REF) as normal cell line , were studied . In this study, six concentrations of both polysaccharide extract and the (HK) cells which were (93.5, 187.5 , 375, 750,1500, 3000) mcg/ml. The results showed that all types of dead cells of lactic acid bacteria and polysaccharide product which clear effect on tumor cells differed depending on the degree of influence, polysaccharide extract of Lactobacillus johnsonii showed highest percentage of inhibition and the highest percentage of inhibition for (Hela) line was (93.64%) at exposure time of 72 hours. while the highest percentage of inhibition recorded for Lactobacillus acidophilus in (RD) line cells was (90.63%) after 72 hours. For the (HK) cells, the highest percentage of inhibition for Lactobacillus casei was 89.77 after 48 hours. While it was no effect of polysaccharide and HK on (Rat Embroy Fibroblast) ofter exposure time 72h.

تاثير تنقيع البذور بالموليبدنيوم ورش النباتات بالبورون في نمو وحاصل الباقلاء (Vicia faba L.) Effect of Soaking Seeds with Molybdenum and Spray Plants with Boron on Growth and Yield of Broad bean (Vicia faba L.)

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة فجر فرحان الجبوري

اسم المشرف: كاظم حسن هذيلي الوحيلي

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2015 - 2014 in Abu Alkhasab (located 14.5 km south of Basra province), to study the effect of adding Molybdenum and Boron on growth and yield of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) class Luz de Otono Turkish.Global experiment carried out using a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, and included two factors, the first 0, 5 (molybdenum three concentrations of with includes macerating seedsrespectively, and the second 2and M 1and M 0code with M )1 - and 10 mg L0, 25 and (oron which included three concentrations b in spraying factor, respectively, were 2and B 1and B 0, which have a code B )1 - 50 mg Ladded to the plant in the form of boric acid (17.4% B). )The characteristics determined in this study were : number of days from planting until 50% flowering , plant height , the number of branchs number of ,1 - plant pods of number ,podlength of ,leaf area per plant,dry weight ),1 - (kg ha seed yield ,yield plant ,seed weight - 100, 1 - podseeds of shoot system, seed protein percentage and total yield of protein.Results of this study were : 1 - The high levels concentration of boron and molybdenum caused increases in all growth parameters and yield components except the 100 - seed weight, which had a negative impact.podsthe number of dincrease )2(M 1 - LMo 10 mg inacerating seeds M - 2dry , seed yieldtotal ,plant yield ,pod per number of seeds ,plant per, seed protein percentage and total yield of protein ,weight of shoot system %31.87 , 1 - 25.62 g plant ,1 - ha3316 kg , 44.21 g ,4.76 ,1 - (8.36 Pod plant ,44.21%, 36% ,30.05% ,(41.7% ment ofincre with an) 1 - kg ha1073 andWhile this level of respectively. ,12.06% and 40.83%),61.94%which 100 seed reached 111.9, ofve less weight a) g2(Mmolybdenum was 22.5% less than the control.significantly 1 - Lboron at the concentration of 50 mg praying S - 3increased growth and yield and its components more than non - sprayed boron as it led to the increase in both the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant yield, seeds yield, dry weight of shoot (7.53 given, as seed protein percentage and total yield of protein ,system32.06% and ,1 - 23.37 g plant ,1 - ha2921 kg , 38.75 g ,4.51 ,1 - Pod plant 16.49 and , 40.44, 24.83, 20. 3, 18.9 ,14.6( to dincrease )1 - ha939.3 kg ve less a) g2. while spraying this level of boron (Brespectively )% 32.89weight for 100 - seed (115 gm) which was 11.5% less than non - spraying.and Boron at the concentration molybdenumThe interaction between - 4 high (95.33 cm), plant dincreas )1 - L+ 10 mg Mo 1 - L B (50 mg ofplant ( 52.80 g yield , (9.58) number of pods ,)7.28( branchsnumber of dry weight of shoots (31.43 g) , )1 - the sum total seed (3803 kg e , )1 - plant ).1 - ha 1192 kgtotal yield of protein (and

التشكيل الوراثي لجين FASN وعلاقته لانتاج الحليب ومكوناته في سلالتي الابقار الجنوبي الفريزيان FASN Gene Polymorphism and its relation to the production milk and components in the ALJnoby cattle breeds and friesian

اسم المؤلف: غفران ماجد عزيز مارد النيازي

اسم المشرف: اسعد يحيى عايد

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - التربية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Atotal of 60 cows belong to freisian local Iraq breed (30 each ) were used in the cow for aperioed of 1/12/ 2012 to 30 /3 /2015 cows were from local breeders within Thi - Qar provin samples were callectted from each animal one hrough study period . After measuring milk asmples of 50 ml were taken to estimate fat , protein and some other milk composition as Well as fatty acid composition were estirm from extracted fat Besides that blood samples from each animal were taken to extract agene was amplicied cat in to different results can be summarized as follow : 1 - FASN gene has been amplified and there were identified .Genotypes were AA,AG and frequency of 0.13 ,0.54 and 0.33 respeccfin freisian breed and 0.47 ,0.33 and 0.16 of A and G alleles frequencies were 0.40 and 0.60 of freisian breed and 0.65 and 0.35 of local breed respechlivy the two population were at aqulibirium .2 - Breeds showed similar obsereved number of alleles (2) observied herrozygosity differe between breeds (53.3% and 36.5 for freisian and local breed respectively ). AHowver showed similar expected heterozygosity (48.81 and 46 .27% respectirely ).3 - AA and GG genotypes excceded the genotype AG by daily and total milk yield of freisian breed . they produced 2968.90 and 2809.80 kg total milk yield respectively .AG gene produced only 2645.54 kg .4 - AA genotype of freisian were produced significantly higher fat and protein (97.10 and 100.05 kg respectively ) that of other genotypes .As well as AA and AG genotypes produced singnificantly higher fat% (3.27% and 3.29% respectively ) in comparicer with 3.17% of GG genotypes the AG genotype produced highest protein% (3.4170)in comparison with other genotypes.5 - AA genotypes of local breed exceeded other genotype in producing daily and total milk yield ,fat and protein.on contrary ,GG genotype yielded higher fat %(4.2) in comparison with that of other genotypes AA and GG genotypes have got highest level of protein (3.25 and 3.30% respechvely ) in comparison with 3.20% AA genotype .B6 - Only AG and GG of local breed were strain in the registration of fat content protein within the standard range ,wich is 1.23, 1.27 respectire .7 - Daily milk breeds value s. recorded negative breedes values.there was an indicater that A allele has positive effecf on daily milk yield .hower A allel has negative effect.8 - A allele has negative effect on fat % in milk cows consequently genotypes have this allele (AA and AG) had negative breeders values. On the other hand ,AG and GG genotypes of local breed had negative breed ing values .9 - GG genotypes of both breeds had positive protein % breeding value ,although its breeding value was nearly zero .10 - GG genotype of Friesian breed produced higher palametic and oleic fatty acids than those of AA and AG genotypes . whereas , AA and AG genotypes produced highes level of palametic and total saturated fatty acid .11 - Genotypes of FASN gene of local breeds did not show significant differences amang all types of milk fatty acid .12 - Freisian exceeded local breed to quantity and quality of milk specially fatty acid composition that has positive effect on human health.C

تاثير اضافة السماد المركب NPK وزراعة النباتات البقولية في التزهير والعقد والصفات الفيزيائية والكيميائية والانتاجية لثمار نخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. صنف الساير Effect of NPK fertilizer and culture of legume plants on flowering, fruit set, physical and chemical characteristics and productivity of Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Sayer

اسم المؤلف: عماد حميد عبد الصمد عباس العرب

اسم المشرف: عباس مهدي جاسم

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: A study was conducted at date palm station that belong to Horticulture office of ministry of agriculture in Basra located in Hartha north of Basra during 2013 - 2014 season to find the the effect of the addition of the chemical fertilizer NPK+TE (20 - 20 - 20) and culture of legumes (alfalfa and broad been) around date palm trees cv. Sayer on chemical and physical characteristics during rutab stage. Fertilizers were added around tree trunk at depth of 25 cm and half diameter of one meter.Fertilizer were added at (0 , 250, 500 , 750, , 1000 ,1250 and 1500) gm / tree at two different time, the first one on 15/10/2013 and second addition on 1/3/2014.Alfalfa and broad bean were culture around trees on 1/10/2013. Results showed the significant effect of fertilizer at 1500 gm / tree level on most physical, chemical and productivity of fruits of cv. Sayer. The 1500 g m/ tree treatment wassuperior in its effecton flowering time, number of pollen spathes and fruit set. Pollen spathes first emergedand its number was 11 spaths and fruit set was 78.67% wheras ,control treatment delayed the emergence of spathsand number of spaths was six with fruit set 51.67%.The 1500gm/tree treatment was not significantly different from treatments of alfalfa and broad been culture and 1250 gm / tree treatments flowering date and fruit set ,also physical characteristics which were, fruit weight , mesocarp , seeds , fruit length , diameter, fruit size which were, 7.59 gm, 6.69 gm, 0.90 gm, 3.76 cm, , 4.47 m5.34 g were, results wheras,control treatment, respectively,3cm, 5.33 cm1.69 significantly , respectively and not 3m, 2.91 cm, 1.27 cm and 5.21 cm, 0.88 gmgdifferent fromalfalfa and broad bean culture and 1250 gm / tree treatment.For chemical characteristics which included moisture content , dry matter ,total soluble solids, total titrable acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose and total protein in fruits also nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves where the 1500 gm /treet reatmentwas superior in those characteristics which were (29.29, 70.71, 65.17, 0.54, 61.61, 52.52, 8.64, 0.3, 1.88, 0.45 , 0.92)% respectively compaired to control treatment wheras,it was not significantly different from alfalfa treatment in total soluble solids and total titrable acidity and alfalfa , broad bean treatment and fertilizer at 1250 gm / tree in total and reducing sugar and different froma lfalfa and broad bean treatment in nitrogen percent and alfalfa treatment in phosphorus parcent.Summary الخلاصةThe 1500gm/tree treatment was superior compered to control treatment in ripening percent (69.33% ), bunch weight(6.82 kg) andtotal yield (40.92 kg) but not significantly different from alfalfa in ripening percent and alfalfa and broad bean treatmen and 1250gm/tree in bunch weight and total yield.According on the results of the current study, we recommend to use the NPK+TE fertilizer at 1500gm/tree or its interaction with alfalfa and broad bean culture to support growthand yield.

اسم المؤلف: رونق منصور جازع العلوي

اسم المشرف: كريم حنون محسن بهاء الدين محمد محسن

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير اضافة الموننسين في معامل الهضم ومعايير الكرش والصفات الانتاجية للحملان العرابية Effect of Adding Monensin on Digestion coefficient , Rumen Parameters and Productive Traits and of Arabi Lambs

اسم المؤلف: رشيد حميد عبد الله العايدي

اسم المشرف: عماد فلاح حسن الجاسم هناء علي جبار الغالبي

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This study was undertaken in the Field of Animal of the Faculty of Agriculture in Basra University for the period from 1/11/2015 to 10/2/2016. The study included the growth and digestion experiments. The digestion trail included 12 Arabi lambs ranging in age between 5 - 6 months with a mean weight 21 kg were randomly divided into three groups of four animals for each treatment. Ration submitted on the basis of the 3% of body weight, their quantities to be modified on the basis of the new weight of each group every two weeks. .Ration was provided twice daily, in the morning at 8 a.m. and in the evening at 4 pm. Amount of feed and the remaining was calculated daily for the purpose of calculating the amount of feed consumption. At the beginning of the experiment lambs were introduced for adaptation period of 10 days and then weighed, the registration of primary weight as initial weight. The first studied ration was considered as control (without any addition). The second ration was control added to monensin by 100 mg/kg. The third ration was control added to monensin by 200 mg/kg. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : 1 - Final weight was significantly affected by adding monensin with the superiority of the second treatment when adding monensin at a level of 100 mg/kg dry material which were recorded a 33.36 kg, while those of the first and the third groups, which registered 28.61 and 29.20 kg respectively. As for the overall growth rate second treatment exceeded (11.33 kg) significantly (P<0.05) first and third groups (4.75 and 6.01 Kg respectively).2 - The largest amount of feed consumption on the basis of dry matter was shown by second group (65.24 kg), followed by the control,Bwhich reached 60.37 kg. Feed consumption declined (P<0.05) with anincrease in the proportion of monensin until it reached a value of 56.25 kg showed by third treatment, which differed significantly (P<0.05) from the first treatment (control) and second treatment.3 - The best feed conversion efficiency of the diet recorded by the lambs of second treatment (6.97 kg dry matter consumed/ kg weight gain) which was mathematically less than that of control group (12.71 kg dry matter consumed/ kg weight gain), while it differed significantly from that of the third treatment (9.36 kg dry matter consumed/ kg weight gain).4 - The superiority (P<0.05) of the digestion rate of dry matter of the third treatment lambs (66.25 %) in comparison with those of second and first groups (58.52 and 57.02% respectively). While there was a significant fall (P<0.05) in protein digestibility (32.59%) of the third treatment in comparison with 51.27 and 56.15% of the first and second group respectively. There were no significant differences in the average digestibility of fat fibers of the three treatments.5 - A significant fall (P<0.05) in the value of the pH of rumen fluid of lambs received 200 mg monensin/kg dry matter which stood at 6.15 compared with the control group and the second group which reached 6.46 and 6.50 respectively.6 - The lack of significant differences in the number of total bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria of lambs in all treatments regardless of the level of the monensin.7 - Significant decrease in methane and ammonia concentrations in rumen fluid due to adding 100 and 200 mg of monensin (15.19, 14.86 and 12.19 l methane/day and 103.30, 92.75 and 89.45 mg ammonia/l for control, 100 and 200 mg monensin respectively).8 - The lack of significant differences in the mean value of blood glucose, total protein, cholesterol and triglycerides of different treatments.9 - The existence of significant differences (P<0.05) between the second treatment and the others in the average hot carcass weight (17.26 kg) in comparison with 13.12 and 15.29 kg of the first and third treatment respectively.10 - The superiority of thigh and loin cuts weight (P<0.05) of the 2nd treatment (5800, 2136.6 gm) over the mean of control and 3rd treatment (4550.0 and 4630 gm of thigh and 1476.6 and 1735.0 gm of loin respectively).11 - There were no significant differences in the mean of internal organs weight and heart, kidney, pelvic and abdominal fat weights among all treatments, 12 - Significant differences were exist in the mean of carcass length and chest depth of lambs of 3rd treatment (73.0 cm and 26.33 cm) in comparison with those of second and control group (66.33, 61.33 cm carcass length and 25.75, 21.00 cm chest depth).

تقييم مستوى التلوث العضوي وتاثيره في تنوع الطحالب الخيطية القاعية واصابة الاسماك بمجذافية الاقدام في ثلاث محطات في محافظة البصرة، العراق Evaluation of organic pollution level and its effect on diversity of the filamentous benthic algae and fishes infected with copepods from three stations in Basrah province, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: رشاد عبد الزهرة احمد

اسم المشرف: ازهار علي عبد الله الصابونجي خالدة سالم النعيم

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Three Stations were selected based on its pollution level, first station was (Ashar chanel N : 30 º 31 13.31, E : 47º 50 13.63) the second station was (Shatt Al Arab N : 30 º 30 0. 29, E : 47º 51 36.31) and the third station was (Qurna N : 31 º 0 12. 79, E : 47º 26 37.11). Samples of waters, fish and sediments were collected monthly, collection of these samples started from Nov. 2013 till Oct. 2014 during the ebb time, group of physical and chemical variables had been measured like air and water, temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, light penetration, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, Total alkalinity (TA), Total hardness (TH), reactive nitrite, nitrate and phosphate, chlorophyll a in water, total organic carbon (TOC) in sediments, Soil texture was identified for each station through knowing the ratios of its components. Also, through the current study banthic algae were identified in areas of intertidal area, the parasitic copepod on fish also identified as biological indicator for the pollution at the selected stations.The study revealed that the air temperature varied between (17.5 - 43.2)Co while water temperature varied between (12 - 31) Co, the salinity varied between (0.57 - 4.16) ‰, while the electrical conductivity ranged between (0.9 - 6.5) mellisemince/ cm, while light penetration values were varied between (17 - 90) cm, pH values varied between (7.2 - 8.5), dissolved oxygen values were ranged between (3.5 - 11.2) mg/ l, while the biological oxygen demand varied between (1.2 - 9) mg/ l, value of TA and TH were varied between (81 - 190) mg/ l and (822 - 2123) mg/ l, respectively. The current study also recorded the concentrations of nutrients, that the values of nitrates and reactive nitrites ranged between (0.1 - 2.71) μg N - NO2/ l, (12.11 - 42.1) μg N - NO3/ l, respectively, while the reactive phosphate valuesbwere ranged between (1.31 - 9.98) μg P - PO4/ l, on the other hand the value of chlorophyll a were from (8.12 - 20.13) mg/ l.It was recorded in the current study a recognizable raise in values of total organic carbon (TOC) in the first station due to its highly exposed to the organic pollutants in comparison with the second and the third station, the values of (TOC) varied between (15.33 - 45.63)%, (4.4 - 22)%, (9.02 - 44.6)% for the three stations respectively.The current study demonstrated that the prevalence of green algae, all over study time in the second and the third station like (Cladophora fract, C. glomerata, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Schizomeris liblenii) also it was nocied that the Rhizoclonium crassipellitum was available more in the second station than the first and the third station, due to that the second station was featured with less contamination with organic materials. Some of the blue - green algae like (Lyngbya Birgei, L. major, Oscillatoria, amoena O. tenuis) showed prevealance in the first station because of the abundance of the organic pollutants, the red algae Compsopogon coeruleus, was recorded at three stations, the highest percentage was in the third station, the lowest percentage was recorded in the first station. It was also found in current study based on using algae as biological indicator for pollution, which prepared by Palmer. The first station was highly polluted with organic matter in comparison with other two stations, due to abundant of species which used as organic indicator of pollution. Results reavaled monthly variations in total number of benthic filamentous algea, which increased during two periods (Bimodel). Values of diversity ranged from 0.626 in station two to 2.15 in station two.The monthly variations in Organic Pollution Index (OPI) were different between three stations and ranged (25.54 - 48.72), (4.52 - 38.9), (15.14 - c28.69), in three stations respectively. The highest value 48.72 (Poor) was recorded in Ashar chanal at August and the lowest value 4.52 (Good) in Shatt Al - Arab river at December.Aquatic systems are affected by a variety of anthropogenic activities that decrease water quality through the introduction of organic pollutants. To investigate the relationship between fish parasite communities and water quality, copepods parasites were examined in 856 specimens of the fishes (Acanthobrama marmid, Acanthopagrus arabicus, Alburnus mossulensis, Carasobarbus luteus, Carassius auratus, Chelon subviridis, Coptodon zillii, Cyprinus carpio, Garra variabilis, Gambusia halbrooki, Leuciscus vorax, Liza abu, Luciobarbus subquincunciatus, Luciobarbus xanthopteru, Nematalosa nasus, Oreochromis aureus, Poecilia latipinna, Silurus triostegus, Tenualosa ilisha), sampled in three sites in the Basrah Province, Quran site (unpolluted), the Shatt Al - Arab (moderately polluted) and Al - Asher canal site (polluted). Six species of copepods, Ergasilus rostralis, E. mosulensis, E. ogawai, Ergasilus sp, Lernaea cyprinacea and Mugilicola kabatai were found in unpolluted site, and four species of copepods, E. rostralis, E. mosulensis and Lernaea cyprinacea were found in moderately polluted site, but the distribution of copepods was limited to the polluted site (Ergasilus rostralis, E. mosulensis and Lernaea cyprinacea). The variability of the calculated infection indices (prevalence and mean intensity) are affected by the pollution levels of the water. The unpolluted site had the highest species and the highest overall parasite abundance values.

دراسة استعمال الكايتوسان المستخلص من قشور الروبيان كمادة لازالة بعض الملوثات من محلولها المائي Studying using extracted chitosan from shrimp shell is excellent as for removing the pollutants from the water their solutions

اسم المؤلف: رسول عقيل عبد العظيم الخاقاني

اسم المشرف: منير عبود جاسم الطائي علي حسين عبد الكريم العامري

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The current study aimed to find simple, cheap and successful methods to remove copper (II), lead (II) iron (II) and zinc (II) from their solutions by using chitosan prepared from shrimp shell (Penaeus semisulcatus) via deacetylation of chitin during four hours with sodium hydroxide solution. The yield of chitosan was about 16.4%. Chitosan contained 6.7% moisture, 0.75 ash and 2.84 protein. Deacetylation degree for chitosan recorded (74,88%)Values of viscosity, density, molecular weight, refractive index and wave length of chitosan where(86.22 centipoise, 0.98 g/cm3, 852 k Da, 1.332 and 320 nm), respectively. Functional properties, fat binding and water holding, for the mentioned compound were estimated by using ten categories of commercial oils (sun flower, thyme, olive, almond, fenugreek, pumpkin, flax, parsley, saffron and sesame). High binding was recorded with pumpkin oil, 618% and low binding was with sesame oil 437.84%Capacity of chitosan to absorbe water was 628.96% After measuring the deflection of X - rays, three peaks were recorded, angles of incidence for two of them were at (2ɵ=10)°,(2ɵ=23)° and Sharp peak at (2ɵ=20 Diagram of thermogravimetric analysis of chitosan showed presence of three phases of pyrolysis, first at 300°C, second stage starts directly at 360°C. Optimum conditions of chitosan for adsorption and its ability for adsorption to remove Pb (II), Fe (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions from water solutions were studied. Good results recorded at pH=7, while Fe (II) was adsorbed at pH=4, ability of adsorption increased with weight of adsorbent, also temperature influenced the adsorption process, good results recorded at 50°C. while zinc was at 40°C. Also found that time required to reach equilibrium was 30 min, except iron was 40 min agitation speed was 200 rpm /min, best concentration for adsorb studied metals was 1000 ppm. Destaning of methylene blue from its water solution was studied, and it was found thatIIadsorption influenced by several conditions. Results showed that best contact time, pH, concentration, temperature, and agitation speed was 30 min, 8, 100 ppm, 50°C, and 200 rpm/min, respectively. It was noticed that adsorption capacity increased with increasing the adsorbent material, so, the adsorption capacity and its percentage were 4.772 ppm and 95.458%, respectively. In addition, an experiment was carried out to treat tap water with chitosan, about 0.4 g, to remove heavy metals. Results showed that lead represented the highest efficient adsorption, 81.176%, while less adsorption was found for iron,16.326%. In the other side, when 0.6 g of chitosan was used, lead represented the highest adsorption percentage, 90.588% and the lowest percentage of adsorption found in iron 20.408% at pH=7.62. Also chitosan was added with amount 0.6 g at pH=6, as a result the percentage of the adsorption was (95.94, 91.30, 75.82 and 25.51) %, respectively for lead, copper, zinc and iron, respectively, and this indicates the possibility of using chitosan to removecontaminant metals.

تقييم الاداء الانتاجي والفسلجي لطيور السمان الياباني المغذاة على مستويات مختلفة من زيت وبذور وثمار الحنظل المحلي Evaluation of Productive ,Performance Physiological of Japanese Quail Fed Different Levels of Oil, Seeds and Fruits of Local Bitter Melon ( Citrullus Colocynthis

اسم المؤلف: رسول عبد علي عباس الصبيحاوي

اسم المشرف: ربيعة جدوع عباس

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Tow experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of seed, fruits meal, oil and their combination of bitter melon(Citrullus Colocynthis) on productive, physiological and immunological peformance of Japanese quail. The first experiment was carried out at the Quail farm, College of Agriculture, University of Basra from 1/11/2015 to 26/12/2015. A total of 288 unsexed one day old quail chicks were used in this study from private hatchery which located on the Omara City Road . The rate of weight was 8g / chick.At14 days were randomly distributed on 24 cages (12 chick/cage) ,with three replicate for each treatment in a Complete Randomized Design(CRD) and the treatments were as follows : T1 Basal diet without any addition(Control). T2, T3 : Basal diet supplemented with%1.5,%3 bitter melon seed powder. T4, T5 : Basal diet supplemented with %1.5,%3 bitter melon seed oil. T6, T7 : Basal diet supplemented with %1.5,%3 bitter melon fruit powder. T8 : Basal diet supplemented a mixture of seeds, fruit and oil at level of %1 each.The results showed : 1. The chemical analysis of bitter melon composition reveled that fruit containing the highest percentage of protein (%29.87) ,fat (%6.33),ash (%12.08)and crude fiber (%16.06) as compared to seeds which higher inavailable carbohydrate (%62.35) and metabolisable energy value(3243.58Kcal/Kg).2. Significant differences (P≤0.05) between the experimental treatments in average final body weight (8wks) and weight gains at 5 - 6 and 2 - 8weeks of Japanese quail.3. No significant differences were revealed in the amount of feed consumption at 5 - 6 weeks of age, whereas there were significant differences(P≤0.05) at the other remaining experimental periods.4. No significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio during the period 4 - 5 weeks of age, whereas there were significant differences(p≤0.05) at 3 - 2,3 - 4,5 - 6,6 - 7,7 - 8 and 2 - 8 weeks of age .5. There was significant increase (p≤0.05) in carcass weight, dressing percentage, relative Wight of thigh in T4 and T5 which recorded theSummary الخلاصةhighest percent as compared to control. There was no significant differences observed in relative weight of gizzard and heart, while there was significant decrease in relative weight of liver in T4,T5,T6,T7 and T8 and in amount of abominate fat in all supplemented diet as compared to control.6. No significant differences on relative weight and length of ileum relative weight of duodenum and jejunum, while there was significant differences(p≤0.05) on relative weight and length of duodenum, jejunum and in the gastrointitian at tract.7. There was no any case of mortality recorded between the experimental treatment at all time of study.8. There was significant increase (p≤0.05) in proactive, economic index and in protein efficiency ratio in all supplemented treatment as compared with control.9. No significant effects in bursa of fabricius gland index while there was significant differences in the relative weight of spleen.10. There was significant decrease (p≤0.05) in total bacteria and E.coli bacteria count, while there was significant improvement (p≤0.05) in the number of lactic acid bacteria in the treatment T5,T4,T3 and T8 as compared to control.11. There was significant increase (P ≤0.05) in the number of RBC and WBC cells in T5,while there was significant differences in RBC number in treatment T2,T3,T6,T7 and T8 also in WBC number in T6,T7 and T8 and in PCV in T2,T3,T6,T7 and whereas T6,T7 andT8 recorded the lowest Hb concentration as compared to decrease in H/L ratio as compared to control.12. Significant improvement (P≤0.05) concerning in the serum biochemical parameter , which included glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride, while there was significant decreased in total protein concentration as compared to control.Summary الخلاصةThe second experiment was carried out at the Quail Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Basra from 2/1/2016 to 30/1/2016 . A total of 168 laying quail, average weight185.33 (g), were randomly distributed on 24 cages(7 hens/cage)with three replicates for each treatment in a Complete Random Design ( CRD) .Hens in each treatments received the same experimental diets as described in first experiment .The results showed the following : 1. There was no significant differences in the amount of feed consumption in treatment T2and T3 ,where as ,there was significant decrees (P ≤0.05) in feed intake in all the period in comparison with control.2. There was significant improvement (P ≤0.05) in the feed conversion ratio in treatment which contain seed, fruit, oil and their combnation as compared to control.3. significant differences(P ≤0.05)were revealed in egg production %, egg mass at 0 - 1,1 - 2 and 1 - 4 weeks, as well as in the relative weight of egg shell, yolk, albumen and yolk to albumen ratio and in shell thickness4. There was significant improvement in egg weight at 0 - 4 weeks in supplemented treatment as compared to control.5. No significant differences were observed among treatment in egg width ,yolk index and egg shape index ,while there was significant differences(P≤0.05)in egg length, yolk diameter and height, and in albumen diameter and height .

تاثير التقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لطائر السمان الياباني (Coturnix japonica) The effect of early quantitative feed restiction on Some Productive and Physiological Traits of Japanese Quail(Coturnix japonica)

اسم المؤلف: رسول حسن خلاطي السراي

اسم المشرف: رياض كاظم موسى

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الادارة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة في حقل السمان/كلية الزراعة/جامعة البصرة للمدة من 1/11/2015 لغاية 12/1/2016 وذلك لمعرفة تاثير التقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر(28 - 7) يوما في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لطائر السمان وخلال مدتين، المدة الاولى الممتدة من عمر (7 - 42) يوما استخدم فيها (300) فرخ بعمر يوم واحد وزعت عشوائيا على خمسة معاملات وبواقع ثلاث مكررات(20) فرخا لكل مكرر . اما المدة الثانية (المدة الانتاجية) استمرت (30) يوما بعد عمر البلوغ الجنسي ، استخدم فيها(180) طائر لكل معاملة (36) طائر وبواقع (8 اناث + 4 ذكور) لكل مكرر ، وعلى النحو التالي : .1المعاملة الاولى : السيطرة (تغذيه حره) .2. المعاملة الثانية : تقنين غذائي بنسبه 10% من التغذية الحرة ..3 المعاملة الثالثة : تقنين غذائي بنسبه 20% من التغذية الحرة . .4المعاملة الرابعة : تقنين غذائي بنسبه 30% من التغذية الحرة ..5 المعاملة الخامسة : تقنين غذائي بنسبه 40% من التغذية الحرة .اشارت نتائج الدراسة الى ما يلي : .1وجود تاثير معنوي (p≤ 0.05) للتقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر في بعض الصفات الانتاجية حيث تفوقت معاملة التغذية الحرة في معدلات وزن الجسم لغاية عمر (5)اسابيع والزيادة الوزنية لغاية الفترة (4 - 3)اسبوع وفي كمية العلف المستهلكة لغاية عمر (6)اسابيع وكمية العلف المستهلكة التراكمية. .2وجود تاثير معنوي (p≤ 0.05) للتقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر في معامل التحويل الغذائي للطيور حيث ظهر تحسن معنوي في هذه الصفة في المعاملة التي قدم لها العلف المقنن بنسبة (40)%من التغذية الحرة مقارنة بالمعاملات التجريبية الاخرى لغاية الاسبوع الرابع ، بينما سجلت معاملة التقنين الغذائي (20)% من التغذية الحرة افضل كفاءة تحويل للاسبوع ( 5،6 ) وفي كفاءة التحويل التراكمية وفي مقياس دليل الاداء . .3وجود تاثير معنوي للتقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر في ذبائح الطيور فقد سجلت معاملة التغذية الحرة وفي كلا الجنسين اعلى فرق معنوي في نسبة التصافي والاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر والكبد ، بينما لم يكن هناك فروق معنوية بين معاملات التقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر ومعاملة السيطرة في الاوزان النسبية للفخذ , القلب , القانصة وفي كلا الجنسين ونسبة الهلاكات الكلية . .4وجود تاثير معنوي (p≤ 0.05) لنظام التقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر على صفات الدم الخلوية للطيور عند عمر (42) يوما حيث سجل اعلى معدل لخلايا الدم الحمر, تركيز الهيموغلوبين وحجم خلايا الدم المرصوصة في دم الطيور المرباة تحت تاثير نظام التغذية الحرة مقارنة بالمعاملات التجريبية الاخرى ولكلا الجنسين ، بينما لم يتاثر عدد كريات الدم البيض ونسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى اللمفية بتاثير نظام التقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر وفي كلا الجنسين . .5 سجلت معاملة التغذية الحرة اعلى فرق معنوي في تركيز البروتين الكلي والالبومين والكلوبيولين في مصل دم ذكور واناث السمان مقارنة بالمعاملات التجريبية الاخرى ، بينما لم يتاثر تركيز الكلوكوز والكولستيرول وحامض اليوريك في مصل دم الطيور باستخدام التقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر ولكلا الجنسين وعند عمر (42)يوما . .6عدم وجود فروق معنوية بين معاملات التقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر ومعاملة السيطرة في تركيز البروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , البروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة , الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل دم الطيور ولكلا الجنسين وعند عمر (42)يوما. .7وجود تاثير معنوي (p≤0.05) للتقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر على العمر والوزن عند البلوغ الجنسي للذكور ، حيث سجلت معاملة التغذية الحرة بلوغ جنسي مبكر ، اما معاملة الطيور المقنن غذائها بنسبة (40)% من التغذية الحرة قد سجلت اقل معدل وزن الجسم عند البلوغ الجنسي في الذكور ، بينما لم يكن هناك فروق معنوية بين معاملات التقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر ومعاملة السيطرة في العمر والوزن عند البلوغ الجنسي للاناث . .8عدم وجود فروق معنوية بين معاملات التقنين الغذائي الكمي المبكر ومعاملة السيطرة في كمية العلف المستهلكة التراكمي ومعدل وزن البيض التراكمي ومعدل وزن اول بيضة خلال الفترة الانتاجية(30)يوما. .9وجود تحسن معنوي (p≤ 0.05) في كفاءة التحويل الغذائي لمعاملة الطيور المقنن غذائها بنسبة (20)% من التغذية الحرة مقارنة بالمعاملات التجريبية الاخرى ..10 سجلت معاملة الطيور المقنن غذائها بنسبة (20)%من التغذية الحرة تفوقا معنويا (p≤ 0.05) في عدد البيض التراكمي ونسبة انتاج البيض التراكمي وكتلة البيض التراكمي خلال الفترة الانتاجية(30)يوما مقارنة بالمعاملات التجريبية الاخرى . | This study was conducted at quail Farm / Agriculture Collage/ University of Basra from 1/11/2015 to 12/1/2016. The aim of study was to investigated the effect of early quantitative feed restriction (7 - 28)days at the some production and physiological traits of quail during two periods the first from (7 - 42) day used (300) one day old chicks, were randomly disterbuted to five treatments , three replicates (20 chicks for each replicate). Second period (30) days after sexual maturity treatment (180) chicks were used (36) chicks for each treatment (8 female + 4 male) From each replicate follows : 1. First treatment : Control adlibitum feeding .2. second treatment : Restriction feeding 10% from control .3. Third treatment : Restriction feeding 20% from control .4. Fourth treatment : Restriction feeding 30% from control .5. Fivth treatment : Restriction feeding 40% from control .The results of study as follow : 1. There was significantly (p≤0.05) proceeding for the early quantitative feed restriction of some productive traits, adlibtum feeding treatment have better live body weight until (5) weeks age , weekly body weight gain until (4 - 3) week age , feed intake and cumulative feed intake compared with feed restrction treatments . 2. There was a significantly (P≤0.05) effect of early quantitative restriction feeding on feed conversion ratio , significant improvement showed in treatment reared under (40)% restriction feed from control until (4)weeks age compared with other experimental treatments , while treatment reared under (20)% restriction feed from control recorded best feed conversion ratio on (5 , 6)weeks age and cumulative feed conversion ratio and performance Index .3. Significantly increase (P≤0.05) on carcasse of male and femal on dressing percentage and the relative weight of breast and liver for both sexes , while no significant difference between the early quantitative restriction feed treatment and the control in relative weight of thigh , heart , gizzard and mortality . 4. There was significant (P≤0.05) effect at early quantitative restriction feed on cellular blood characteristics, adlibitum feeding treatment have better RBC, Hb, PCV% compared with other experimental treatments , for both sexes while the WBC, H/L ratio don’t effected with early quantitative restriction feed for both sexes . 5. significant increase (P≤0.05) in total protein albumin and globulin concentration in the blood serum of both sexes quail reared under adlibitum feeding system compared with other expermantal treatments while glucose , cholesterol and uric acid concentration in blood serum for both sexes no affected by feeding system at (42)day age . 6. No significant difference between early quantitative feed restriction and control treatment on HDL , LDL and Triglyceridc concentration in blood serum for both sexes at (42) day age .7. There was significant (P≤0.05) effect for early quantitative feed restriction in age and weight at sexual maturity for male , adlibitum feeding treatment recorded early sexual maturity age, while restriction feed (40)%from control recorded better body weight at sexual maturity, there for no significant difference between early quantitative restriction feed treatments and control in age and weight of femal at sexual maturity . 8. No significant difference between early quantitative restriction feed treatment and control in cumulative feed intake , cumulative egg weight rate and first egg weight during production period (30) days .9. significant (P≤0.05) improvement in feed conversion showed on (20)% early restriction feed from adlibitum feeding compared with other expermintal treatments during production period (30) days . 10. significant(p ≤0.05) improvement in cumulative number of egg , cumulative egg production rate and cumulative egg mass recorded in (20)% restriction feed from control compared with other expermintal treatments during production period (30) days

تحضير بعض المستخلصات النباتية وتشخيص مركباتها الفعالة ودراسة تاثيرها على الصفات النوعية لاقراص اللحم البقري المخزنة بالتبريد والتجميد Preparation of Some Plant Extracts and Identification of it¸s Active Compounds and Study the Effect on Quality Characteristics of Beef Patties During Refrigerated and Frozen Storage

اسم المؤلف: رسل علي عدنان العذاري

اسم المشرف: البشر حميد جابر الموسوي

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة تحضير مستخلصات مائية وكحولية لكل من الزنجبيل Zingiber officinale والفلفل الاسود Piper nigrum والقرفة Cinnamomum verum والقرنفل Eugenia caryophyllata والكركم Curcuma longa ثم تم دراسة فعاليتها المضادة للاكسدة والقوة الاختزالية واقتناص بيروكسيد الهيدروجين وقابليتها على ربط ايون الحديدوز، اذ اعطت المستخلصات المائية فعالية مضادة للاكسدة اعلى مقارنة من المستخلصات الكحولية عدا القرنفل لذلك تم تشخيص المركبات الفعالة في هذه المستخلصات بواسطة جهاز كروماتوغرافيا الغاز المتصل بمطياف الكتلة ((GC - MS Sepctrometry Mass/ Gas Chromatography ادخلت المستخلصات المائية بتراكيز 0.05% و0.1% و0.15% في اقراص اللحم البقري وخزنت بالتبريد ( 4±1) م لمدة 12 يوما تم خلالها متابعة الصفات الكيميائية التي شملت قيمة البيروكسيد وحامض الثايوباربتيورك ونسبة الاحماض الدهنية الحرة والصفات الفيزيائية التي شملت قابلية حمل الماء والرقم الهيدروجيني، ونسب صبغة المايوغلوبين والاوكسي مايوغلوبين والميتامايوغلوبين للمدد 0 و4 و8 و12 يوما وقد اعطى تركيز 0.15% افضل النتائج لذلك تم ادخاله في اقراص اللحم المفروم وخزنت بالتجميد لمدة 100 يوم وثم متابعة التغيرات الكيميائية والفيزيائية المذكورة اعلاه للمدد 1 و10 و40 و60 و80 و100 يوم وقد كانت نتائج الدراسة كالاتي : 1 - احتوت المستخلصات المحضرة على عدد من المركبات الفعالة التي تفاوتت نسبها بحسب نوع المستخلص، فقد احتوى مستخلص الزنجبيل على مركب Gingerol بنسبة 60.47% وـمـــــــــــــــــــــركب Piperine بنسبة 57.25% في الفلفل الاسود ومركب Cinnamic acid بنسبة54.54% في القرفة ومركب Caryophllene بنسبة 25.81% في القرنفل ومركب 3 - Decen - 5 - one بنسبة 14.50% في الكركم.2 - اعطت مستخلصات الزنجبيل والفلفل الاسود والقرفة والقرنفل والكركم فعالية مضادة للاكسدة بلغت 84.24% و56.0% للزنجبيل و83.2% و57.6% للفلفل الاسود و85.3% و59.6% للقرفة و63.2% و88.4% للقرنفل و72.9% و48.0% للكركم والقوة الاختزالية بلغت 88.6% و102.64% للزنجبيل و88.18% و109.77% للفلفل الاسود و113.4% و113.39% للقرفة و81.05% و114.09% للقرنفل و83.7% و102.29% للكركم وربط ايون الحديدوز بلغت 88.5% و71.37% للزنجبيل و93.41% و61.37% للفلفل الاسود و89.65% و63.7% للقرفة و70.8% و94.22% للقرنفل و79.91% و55.3% للكركم واقتناص جذر بيروكسيد الهيدروجين بلغت 88.73% و65.33% للزنجبيل و86.22% و69.76% للفلفل الاسود و90.5% و63.86% للقرفة و56.44% و89.0% للقرنفل و74.81% و52.7% للكركم للمستخلصات المائية والكحولية على التوالي.3 - انخفضت قيم كل من قيمة البيروكسيد(PV) Peroxide Value وحامض الثايوباربتيورك Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) ونسبة الاحماض الدهنية الحرة (FFA) Free Fatty Acids معنويا(P<0.01) في اقراص اللحم المفروم المعامل بالمستخلصات النباتية المحضرة مقارنة بعينة السيطرة وكانت اقل قيم لهذه المؤشرات عند معاملة اقراص اللحم البقري بمستخلص القرفة، اذ بلغت 42.0 ملي مكافئ/كغم و35.0 ملغم مالون الديهايد/كغم و26.0% ثم مستخلص الزنجبيل 47.0 و38.0 و29.0 ثم مستخلص الفلفل الاسود 56.0 و41.0 و30.0 ثم مستخلص الكركم 57.0 و41.0 و32.0 واخيرا مستخلص القرنفل 59.0 و0.46 و37.0 اما في عينة السيطرة فقد بلغت 61.0 و51.0 و41.0 لكل من رقم البيروكسيد وحامض الثايوباربتيورك ونسبة الاحماض الدهنية الحرة على التوالي كما تاثرت هذه المؤشرات معنويا(P<0.01) عند الخزن سواء بالتبريد او التجميد، اذ ارتفعت قيم كل من رقم البيروكسيد وحامض الثايوباربيتيورك ونسبة الاحماض الدهنية الحرة بتقدم مدة الخزن ولكن هذا الارتفاع كان اقل مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة.4 - لوحظ انخفاض معنوي (P<0.01) في قيم الرقم الهيدروجيني لاقراص اللحم البقري المعاملة بالمستخلصات مقارنة بعينة السيطرة ولكنها ارتفعت بتقدم مدة الخزن سواء بالتبريد او التجميد كما لوحظ ارتفاعا معنويا (P<0.01) في قابلية حمل الماء (WHC) Water Holding Capacity لاقراص اللحم المعاملة بالمستخلصات مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة اذ بلغت اعلى WHC عند المعاملة بمستخلص القرفة للتركيز 0.15% 15.1 مل في نهاية مدة الخزن بالتبريد والتجميد. 5 - لوحظ انخفاض معنوي((P<0.01 في تكوين صبغة الميتامايوغلوبين في اقراص اللحم المعاملة بالمستخلصات النباتية مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة وازدادت نسبة الصبغة معنويا(P<0.01) بتقدم مدة الخزن سواء بالتبريد او التجميد ولكن هذه الزيادة كانت واضحة جدا في عينة السيطرة، اذ وصلت بعد 12 يوما من الخزن بالتبريد الى 68.35% و33.%65 بعد 100 يوم من التجميد اما بالنسبة لصبغة المايوغلوبين والاوكسي مايوغلوبين فقد لوحظ ان الانخفاض فيها نسبتيهما كان اقل مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة خلال مدة الخزن بالتبريد والتجميد.6 - اظهرت النتائج ان هناك انخفاضا معنويا(P<0.01) في نسبة الفقد بالوزن اثناء التذويب ونسبة الفقد بالوزن اثناء الطبخ ونسبة الانكماش في اقراص اللحم المعاملة بالمستخلصات النباتية مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة ولكنها ارتفعت معنويا ((p<0.01 باستمرار مدة الخزن بالتجميد وكان الارتفاع عند المعاملة بالمستخلصات اقل بالمقارنة مع عينة السيطرة كما لوحظ ارتفاع معنوي (P<0.01) في نسبة حاصل الطبخ لاقراص اللحم البقري المعاملة بالمستخلصات مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة وانخفضت تدريجيا بتقدم مدة الخزن بالتجميد.7 - اظهرت النتائج ان اضافة المستخلصات الى اقراص اللحم البقري ادت الى تحسين صفاتها الحسية التي شملت اللون والنكهة والطراوة والعصيرية والقبول العام مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة ، وقد تفوق مستخلص القرفة في الحفاظ على الصفات الحسية لاقراص اللحم لغاية انتهاء مدة الخزن بالتجميد البالغة 100 يوم. | The study included preparation of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of plants included Zingiber officinale , Piper nigrum ,Cinnamomum verum , Eugenia caryophyllata and Curcuma longa. Antoxidant activity, reducing power chelating ions and scavening hydrogen proxide were assessed. Aqueous extracts were the highest antioxidant activiy comparing with alcoholic extracts except clove. Bioactive compounds of these extracts were identified by Gas Chromatography Mass Sepectrometer GC/MS. Aqueous extracts were used in three concentration 0.05% , 0.1% and 0.15% in beef patties and stored under(4±1)Cº for 12 days and thiobarbituric acid and free fatty acid, Physical properties included water holding capacity, pH , hmyoglobin, oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin pigments were assessed. Concentration 0.15% was the best their for it used in beef patties and stored in freezing for 100 days during this period the chemical indicators and physical properties were studied. The resultus showed : 1 - All extracts containing many bioactive compounds differented in their percentage. Ginger contained Gingerol , %60.47 Black piper contained Piperine 57.25% , Cinnamon contained Cinnamic acid 54.54% ,Clove contained Caryophllene 25.81% and Turmeric contained 3 - Decen - 5 - one .%14.50 2 - All aqueous and alcoholic extracts exhibited antioxidant activity as following ginger 84.24% , 56.0% , Black piper 83.2% , 57.6% , Cinnamon 85.3% ,59.6%, Clove 63.2% , 88.4% and Turmeric 72.9% , 48.0% , Reducing Power as following ginger 88.6%, 102.64%, Black piper 88.81%, 109.77%, Cinnamon 113.4%, 113.39% , Clove 81.05%, 114.09% , Turmeric 83.7%, 102.29% , Chelating ferrous Ion as following ginger 88.5%, 71.37%, Black piper 93.41%, 61.37%, Cinnamon 89.65%, 63.7%, Clove 70.8% , 94.22%, Turmeric 79.91%, 55.3%, Hydrogen Peroxid Scavenging as folloing ginger 88.73% , 65.33%, Black piper 86.22%, 69.76%, Cinnamon 90.5%, 63.86% , Clove 56.44% , 89.0%, Turmeric 74.81% , 52.70% respectively.3 - Significant decrease (P<0.01) in peroxide value , thiobarbituric acid and free fatty acid percentage in beef patties treated with plant extracts compared with control the results showed that the lowest value was in Cinnamon extract 0.42, 0.35, 0.26% then Ginger extract 0.47 , 0.38 , 0.29 , Black piper 0.56 , 0.47 , 0.30 , Turmeric 0.57 , 0.41 , 0.32% , Clove 0.59 , 0.46 , 0.36% and this indicators increased during refrigerated and frozen storage but this increase was lowest in beef patties treated with plant extract compared with control.4 - Values of pH were significantly (P<0.01) decresed in all treated beef patties compared with control but it incrcased duning the storage periode. The result showed that their is significantly (P<0.01) increased in WHC, cinnamon extract exhibit the highest value in the end of freezing storage. 5 - There is significant decrease (P<0.01) in metmyoglobin formation in beef patties treated with plant extracts compared with control and also noticed thein is decrease in percentage of myoglobin and oxymyoglobin was lower that control during storage.6 - There is asignificant decrese (P<0.01) in pecentages of thawing loss , Cooking loss and shrinkage in treated beef patties compared with control but these percentages increased during storage period in control highest treated patties. Significant increased (P<0.01) in cooking yield for treated beef patties compared with control but decresed during frozen storage.7 - The results showed that addition of plant extracts to the beef patties improved sensory characteristics (Color , Flavor, Tendernees , Juicness and overal acceptability) compared with control and the highest significant effect in improving patties characteristics to the end of frozen storage 100 days was to cinnamon extracts

العلاقة بين بعض العناصر الثقيلة وانتاجية الهائمات النباتية والكتلة الحية لبعض النباتات المائية السائدة في مناطق مختارة من شط العرب / جنوب العراق Impact Of Some Heavy Metals On Qualitative And Quantitative Of Producer Organisms In Shatt Al - Arab River

اسم المؤلف: رجاء عبد الكاظم حنف

اسم المشرف: عبد العزيز محمود عبد الله صالح عبد القادر العيسى

الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة اثر بعض العناصر الثقيلة ( النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت ) على انتاجية الهائمات النباتية وبعض النباتات المائية فضلا عن قياس تراكيز تلك العناصر في المياه والرواسب في شط العرب للفترة الممتدة من كانون الثاني 2014 لغاية كانون الثاني 2015 . تم انتخاب اربع محطات ، تقع المحطة الاولى في منطقة الشرش والثانية في السندباد والثالثة في الصالحية والرابعة في منطقة العامية بالقرب من ميناء ابي فلوس في محافظة البصرة . اختيرت ثلاثة انواع من النباتات المائية السائدة في تلك المحطات الشمبلان Ceratophullum demersum والقصب Phragmites australis ونبات بربين الماء Bacopa moniera وحددت الكتلة الحية الهوائية لتلك الانواع . كما درست الهائمات النباتية كموانوعا ، وتم قياس دليل التنوع ودليل سمبسون (السيادة) ودليل التشابه للهائمات النباتية والنباتات المائية . كما قيست بعض العوامل الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمحطات الدراسة المختارة .تراوحت درجة حرارة الماء بين 10.1 و33.9 ºم، وانحصرت قيم الاس الهيدروجيني بين 7.6 و8.6 ، وتراوحت قيم الملوحة بين 0.9 و7.8 جزء بالالف ، وتراوحت قيم الاوكسجين الذائب بين 5.9 و16.9 ملغم/لتر، بلغت قيم المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية بين714 الى 4282.8 ملغم/لتر ،وتراوحت قيم القاعدية الكلية بين 87 - 391 ملغم كاربونات الكالسيوم /لتر، وقد سجلت العسرة الكلية قيم تراوحت بين 214 و596 ملغم كاربونات الكالسيوم /لتر. سجلت تراكيز النتريت والنترات قيم تراوحت بين 0.07 - 1.01 و5.64 - 19.63 مايكغم ذرة نيتروجين/لتر على التوالي ، وبلغت قيم الفوسفات بين 0.17 - 3.72 مايكغم ذرة فسفور/لتر كان تركيز النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت الكلي في الماء 3.22 - 53.99 و7.11 - 120.06 و3.09 - 49.05 و23.24 - 1130.35 و42.54 - 257.00 مايكغم/لتر على التوالي .تراوحت قيم المادة العضوية المتمثلة بالكاربون العضوي الكلي بين 27.8 - 119.2 و28.2 - 128.04 و28.4 - 176.9 و26.3 - 127.14 ملغم/غم وزن جاف لمحطات الشرش والسندباد والصالحية والعامية على التوالي . بلغ تركيز عناصر النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت في الرواسب بين 7.02 - 55.16 و18.16 - 165.11 و101.40 - 616.16 و19.34 - 469.12 و98.19 - 463.76 مايكغم/غم وزن جاف على التوالي ، وقيم دليل التجمع الجيولوجي بحدود (1.11 - - 0.62) و(1.17 - 1.56 ) و( - 2.10 - - 1.65) و(0.35 - 0.54 ) و( 2.56 - 2.87) للعناصر السابقة على التوالي ، مما يشير الى ان رواسب محطات الدراسة غير ملوثة بالنحاس والمنغنيز وغير ملوثة الى متوسطة التلوث بالرصاص والخارصين ومتوسطة الى شديدة التلوث بالكوبلت . اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية سيادة انواع الهائمات النباتية التي تعود لصنف الطحالب الدايتومية (العصوية) Bacillariophyceae، تلتها الطحالب الخضر - المزرقة Cyanophyceae ، ثم الطحالب الخضر Chlorophyceae واخيرا الطحالب اليوغلينية Euglenophyceae في محطات الدراسة كافة ولجميع الاشهر . سجلت محطة الشرش 36 نوع تعود الى 31 جنس، وسجلت محطة السندباد 46 نوع تعود الى 38 جنس،بينما سجلت محطة الصالحية 48 نوع تعود الى 39 جنس ، اما محطة العامية فقد سجلت 30 نوع تعود الى 26 جنس .سجل تركيز الكلوروفيل في محطات الدراسة الشرش والسندباد والصالحية والعامية 0.12 - 2.65 و0.21 - 3.10 و0.31 - 3.89 و0.11 - 2.10 ملغم/لتر على التوالي ، اما تركيز العناصر الثقيلة (النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت) في الهائمات النباتية فقد كان11.55 - 48.26 و18.84 - 97.22 و139.80 - 659.01 و77.14 - 477.36 و43.55 - 216.02 مايكغم /غم وزن جاف على التوالي.تراوحت قيم الكتلة الحية الهوائية للنباتات المائية المدروسة بين 5.34 - 199.52 و34.45 - 465.77 و22.90 - 98.23 غم/م2 لنباتات الشمبلان C. demersum والقصب P. australis وبربين الماء B. monniera على التوالي ، وبلغ مدى تركيز العناصر الثقيلة (النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت) في نبات الشمبلان 1.04 - 88.53 و2.14 - 66.36 و36.05 - 1466.04 و56.56 - 197.14 و23.07 - 216.75 مايكغم/غم وزن جاف للعناصر على التوالي . وفي نبات القصب تراوحت تراكيز العناصر الثقيلة بين 6.17 - 66.34 و1.19 - 66.50 و32.76 - 467.02 و23.78 - 176.32 و7.11 - 98.11 مايكغم/غم وزن جاف على التوالي ، اما في نبات بربين الماء فقد كانت التراكيز 0.44 - 56.15 و0.81 - 67.04 و12.56 - 99.15 و33.34 - 116.55 و0.14 - 10.44 مايكغم /غم وزن جاف على التوالي . بلغت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي لمحطة الشرش في نبات الشمبلان 2.03 و1.22 و35.00 و1.25 و0.72 لعناصر النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت على التوالي ، بينما في نبات القصب كانت المعدلات 1.60 و1.05 و14.36 و0.83 و0.36 لنفس العناصر على التوالي . اما نبات بربين الماء فقد كانت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي تبلغ 0.57 و0.92 و4.47 و0.71 و0.01 للعناصر المدروسة على التوالي ، وقد بلغت المعدلات في الهائمات النباتية 3.08 و2.58 و79.51 و1.29 و0.57 لنفس العناصر على التوالي ولنفس المحطة . بينما بلغت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي في محطة السندباد لعناصر النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت لنبات الشمبلان 3.01 و1.19 و39.16 و1.61 و0.90 على التوالي ، ولنبات القصب 2.02 و0.89 و12.99 و0.94 و0.36 ولنبات بربين الماء 0.94 و0.80 و4.00 و0.85 و0.02 لنفس العناصر على التوالي ، اما في الهائمات النباتية في نفس المحطة فقد كانت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي 2.93 و2.65 و67.13 و1.64 و0.58 للعناصر المدروسة على التوالي . وفي محطة الصالحية سجلت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي لتلك العناصر في نبات الشمبلات 2.27 و1.23 و46.11 و1.31 و0.92 على التوالي ، وفي نبات القصب 1.97 و0.96 و15.76 و0.87 و0.41 على التوالي ، اما في نبات بربين الماء فقد كانت المعدلات 0.85 و0.95 و4.61 و0.69 و0.64 للعناصر على التوالي ، وقد كانت في الهائمات النباتية لنفس المحطة 2.07 و2.64 و63.71 و1.24 و0.72 للعناصر المدروسة على التوالي . اما في محطة العامية فقد كانت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي للعناصر الثقيلة المدروسة في نبات الشمبلان 2.11 و1.34 و25.67 و1.08 و0.70 على التوالي ، ولنبات القصب 1.91 و1.20 و16.21 و0.86 و0.43 على التوالي ، وفي نبات بربين الماء 0.95 و0.85 و7.34 و0.78 و0.03 على التوالي ، اما في الهائمات النباتية فقد كانت 2.98 و1.77 و117.96 و1.26 و0.92 للعناصر المدروسة على التوالي . بينت النتائج ان نبات الشمبلان هو الاكثر تركيز للعناصر وان عنصر المنغنيز هو العنصر المتميز بمعدل التراكم الاعلى ، كما بينت ان الهائمات النباتية اكثر مراكمة للعناصر الثقيلة من النباتات المائية . | The study was conducted to determind the effect of some heavy metals (Cu , Pb , Mn , Zu and Co) on productivity of phytoplankton and aquatic plants , as well as measurred their concentrations in water and sediments of Shatt Al - Arab river for a period from January 2014 to January 2015 . Four stautas were sellected from Shatt Al - Arab river , Frist (Al - Sharresh) , Second (Al - Sendibad Island) ,Third (Al - Salehia) , and Forth (Al - Ameia Region) near Abu - Floos port. Three types of dominanted aquatic plants were selected from these stations, Ceratophyllum demersum, Phragmites australis and Bacoba monniera .The areial biomass of aquatic plants and the quantitative , qualtitative and chlorophyl a of phytoplankton were determind . some of diversity indices for phytoplankton and aquatic plants were measured . Also some physical and chemical properties were measured for selected study stations .Water temperature was ranged between 10.1 - 33.9 Cº, pH 7.6 - 8.6 , salinity 0.9 - 7.8 ppt , DO ranged between 5.9 - 16.9 ml/L , TDS ranged between 714 - 4282.8 ml/L . The alkalinity showed values ranged between 87 - 391 ml CaCO3/L . The total hardness was record values between 214 - 596 ml CaCO3/L .. The investigated study showed nitrite and Nitrate values 0.07 - 1.01 and 5.64 - 19. 63 µg n/L respectively , phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.08 - 4.59 µg P - PO4 - 3/L . The concentration of Cu, Pb , Mn, Zn and Co in water ranged between 3.22 - 53.99 , 7.11 - 120.06 , 3.09 - 49.05 , 23.24 - 1130.35 and 42.54 - 257.00 µg/L respectively.TOC values in sediments were ranged 27.8 - 119.2 , 28.2 - 128.08 , 28.4 - 176.9 and 26.3 - 127.14 µg/gm dry wet for four station respectively . The concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Pb , Mn, Zn and Co in sedements ranged 7.02 - 55.16 , 18.16 - 165.11 , 101.40 - 616.16 , 19.34 - 469.12 and 98.19 - 463.76 µg/gm dry wet respectively .The values of Igeo index were ranged between - 0.26_ - 0.62 , - 1.17_ 1.56 , - 2.10_ - 1.65 , 0.35_ 0.54 , 2.56_ 2.87 for the heavy metals respectively.The present study was showed that the dominant types of phytoplankton belong to class Bacillariophyceae , followed Cyanophyceae , then Chlorophyceae and last Euglenophyceae to all station and through all monthes . Al - Sharresh station was recored 44 species belong to 28 genus , and Al - Sendibad Island was recorded 54 species belong to 35 genus , while Al - Salehia station recorded 60 species belong to 37 genus , and Al - Ameia station was rcorded 35 species belong to 24 genus . The concentration of chlorophyll values were recorded in the four stations 0.12 - 2.65 , 0.21 - 3.10 , 0.31 - 3.89 , 0.11 - 10.2 ml/L. respectively, and the concentraions of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Co) in phytoplankton were ranged betwen 11.55 - 48.26 , 18.84 - 97.22 , 139.80 - 659.01 , 77.14 - 477.36 and 43.55 - 216.02 µg/gm dry wet respectively. The biomass of aquatic plants were ranged between 5.35 - 199.52 , 34.45 - 465.77 , 22.90 - 98.23 gm/m2 for C. demersum , P. australis and B. monniera respectively. The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Co) in C. demersum were 1.04 - 88.53 , 2.14 - 66.36 , 36.05 - 1466.04 , 56.56 - 197.14 and 23.07 - 216.75 µg/gm dry wet for the Cu, Pb , Mn, Zn and Co respectively, and in P. australis were 6.17 - 66.34 , 1.19 - 66.50 , 32.76 - 467.02 , 23.78 - 176.32 and 7.11 - 98.11 µg/gm dry wet respectively , while in B. monniera were 0.44 - 56.15 , 0.81 - 67.04 , 12.56 - 99.15 , 33.34 - 116.55 and 0.04 - 10.44 µg/gm dry wet respectively. Averges of BCF in the C. demersum were 2.03 , 1.22 , 35.00 , 1.25 and 0.72 for Cu, Pb , Mn, Zn and Co respectively , while in P. australis were 1.60 , 1.05 , 14.36 , 0.83 and 0.36 respectively , and in B. monniera were 0.57 , 0.92 , 4.47 , 0.71 and 0.01 for heavy metals respectively , and in the phytoplankton the ranges were 3.08 , 2.58 , 79.51 , 1.29 , 0.57 respectively. The results showed that the aquatic plant C. demersum was most concentration for heavy metals and Mn was more accumulation , and showed that phytoplankton was more accumulation to heavy metals than aquatic plants.

الاستجواب البرلماني في دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005 : دراسة مقارنة Parliamentary Questioning in The Constitution of The Republic of Iraq Issued in 2005 Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: محمد حميد محمود المحمدي

اسم المشرف: ادريس حسن محمد يونس الجبوري

الموضوع العام: القانون

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية القانون - قسم القانون العام

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

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