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تاثير مستويات النتروجين بواسطة منظومة الري بالتنقيط السطحي وتحت السطحي في حركة الامونيوم والنترات ونمو وانتاجية الطماطم Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. في تربة صحراوية == Influence of Nitrogen Levels Fertilizer Applied Through Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation on ? And + Movement in Soil, Growth and Yield of Tomato Plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Grown in Desert Soil.
Author name:
يحيى هلال منسي
Supervisor name:
عبد المهدي صالح حسين الانصاري
General topic:
Agricultural sciences
Specific topic:
Soil and Water
Degree:
Master
University:
University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Basrah
First pages:
31T1891 - p.pdf
Abstract:
A field experiment was carried out in Al - Berijessia district at Al - Zubair region, Government Basrah, south of Iraq, during growing season of 2013 - 2014. The objective of the study was to reveal the influence of N - Fertilizer applied through the drip irrigation system on 3− and ????????4+ vertical and horizontal movement in soil, N, P and K concentration in leaves, N uptake, and recovery in addition to total yield of tomato plants grown in sandy loam soil. Nitrogen as urea was applied at rate of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha - 1 through surface and subsurface fertigation in six doses and started two weeks after transplanting. This was done along with phosphorus (100 kg ha - 1) as super phosphate and potassium (250 kg ha - 1) as potassium sulphate. All fertilizers were injected into irrigation water. Soil samples were collected from belw the drippers of depth 15 cm down 45 cm along with radical line originating at the dripper at distance of 15 cm up to 45 cm. Samples of soil and leaves of plants were collected at four growth stages (i.e. flowering, setting of fruit, maturity of first fruit and full maturity stage). ????????3− and ????????4+ concentration in soil collected samples were determined. Leaves samples were oven - dried at 70 C, grounded then N, P, K concentration were determined. Total dry weight of plant was obtained by harvesting whole plant and dried at 70 C. Nitrogen uptake and N recovery were calculated. Early and final yield were recorded. Results of the study showed : 1. ????????4+ and ????????3− concentration in soil increased significantly as N rate increased from 0 to 400 kg N ha - 1 , however ????????4+ concentration decreased, but ????????3− concentration increased as samples depth and vertical distance increased from 0 to 45 cm at both application method. Concentrations of ????????4+ and ????????3− in soil samples of sub - surface fertigation were higher than those of surface fertigation.2. N, P, &K - concentration, N - uptake, and total dry weight increased significantly as N rate increased at both application methods. However, values of plants fertigated through subsurface fertigation were higher than those fertigated through surface fertigation.3. Application of N fertilizer significantly increased early and total yield at both fertigation methods. However, yield of plants fertigated with subsurface system were (as average) higher than those irrigated with surface system. Maximum early and total yield was achieved at 100 & 300 kg N ha - 1 and were 19.39 ton h - 1 and 58.18 ton h - 1 respectively at subsurface fertigation
