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التحري عن طفرة JAK2V617F والمستويات المصلية لانزيمي الفوسفتيز القلوي واللاكتيت ديهايدروجنيز في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي المزمن == Detection of Jak2V617F Mutation And Serum Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase And Lactate Dehydrogenase In Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Author name: استبرق اكرم بيرام الحسيني
Supervisor name: عصام فاضل علوان الجمیلي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد مرض ابيضاض الدم النخاعي المزمن (CML) من الاورام النخاعية التكاثرية، وينشا نتيجة تكون جين Bcr - Abl (الذي يسمى كروموسوم فيلادلفيا) داخل الخلايا الجذعية المكونة للدم. يؤدي هذا الشذوذ الجيني الى تفعيل متواصل لانزيم التايروسين كاينيز وبالتالي نمو وتكاثر غ | Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm arises from Bcr - Abl gene translocation (called Ph chromosome) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This genetic abnormality results in constitutive activation of tyrosine kinase and subsequent uncontrol growth and multiplication of granulocytes. The cornerstone in treatment of CML are tyrosine kinase inhibitors, of which imatinib is the most effectively used. JAK2V617F mutation is an acquired single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) occurs in JAK2 gene and is associated with many hematological malignancy other than CML. It was thought that the two genetic abnormalities (Bcr - Abl and JAK2V617F) occur mutually; however, growing body of evidences suggested the reverse. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of JAK2V617F mutation associated with serum levels of alkaline phophatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Ph+ CML Iraqi patients treated with imatinib. A total of 43 Ph+ CML patients (25 males and 18 females, age range 16 - 80 years) who attend Iraqi National Center of Hematology for Research and Treatment/Baghdad were enrolled in this study. Each patient has been received at least six month therapy with imatinib. A consent form involving age, gender, height, weight, smoking status, residency and first family relative history of leukemia was obtained from each patient. Besides, blood samples were collected, from which the granulocytes were separated and then DNA was extracted using a ready kit. Two assays were used for detection of JAK2V617F mutation; real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using specific primers and probe, and allele specific PCR (AS - PCR) using specific primers. Total white blood corpuscles (WBC) as well as serum levels of ALP and LDH were measured. qPCR assay revealed 5 patients out of 43 (11.62%) were heterozygous for the muatant allele of JAK2V617F mutation (genotype GT). The concentration of this allele ranged from 0.01% to 0.12%. None of blood sample gave positive result for AS - PCR assay. From the all risk factors, only gender had significant association with the incidence of JAK2V617F mutation. Average total WBC count, and serum levels of ALP and LDH were higher in JAK2V617F - positive patients (9042±1512.55, 146.05±8.028 IU/L and 204±10.85 IU/L respectively) than that of JAK2V617F - negative patients (6039±1772.239, 64.45±40.15 IU/L and 178.33±13.693 IU/L respectively) with significant differences. These results indicate that JAK2V617F mutation can occur simultaneously with Ph chromosome in CML patients, and qPCR is a highly sensitive method for the detection of this mutation. Furthermore, serum activity of ALP can be used as an indicator for the presence of JAK2V617F mutation in CML patients.

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Streptomyces المنتجة للمضادات الميكروبية من ترب بعض اقضية محافظة صلاح الدين == Isolation And Identification of Antimicrobial Producing “Streptomyces” From Soils of Some Districts In Salahaddin Province

Author name: هيام عزيز عباس البدري
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم فتاح عمر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة عزل وتشخيص انواع تابعة للجنس Streptomyces، اذ جمعت 50 عينة من ترب اقضية تابعة لمحافظة صلاح الدين. شخصت?11 نوع من بكتريا Streptomyces باستخدام الاختبارات الشكلية والمزرعية والكيموحيوية حيث ظهر كل من الانواع (Streptomyces antibioticus, Strep | The Study involved ; isolation and characterization of species related to Streptomyces. Fifty samples of soil has been taken from different districts of Salah aldden province. The isolates were identified by the morphological, biochemical tests and classified to nine species, The following species were found : (Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces coelicolor , Streptomyces distalicus and Streptomyces fluvissimus ) in Tikrit district, ( Streptomyces cyaneus ) in Ballad and beiji districs, ( Streptomyces exofolicus) in Ballad and Aldor districts (Streptomyces lavendulea ) in Samarra and Aldor districts , (Streptomyces purpureus ) in Samarra and Beiji districts and (Streptomyces violaceus ) in Samarra and Tikrit districts. The sensitivity of these bacterial isolates were tested toward the following : (Azithromycin, Cefotaxime, Cephatexin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin , Gentamicin, Neomycin, Penicillin, Tobramycin and Vancomycin).All species showed high resistance to cefotaxime. But all species were sensitive to neomycin and doxycycline. The isolated species of Streptomyces were tested for their ability of antibiotic production. It was found that (Klebsiella) was sensitive to all the species except species Streptomyces coelicolor. Streptomyces coelicolor showed an effect against Proteus. While Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to the following species (Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces cyaneus and Streptomyces purpureus). The Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the surface of spores. The species of (Streptomyces antibioticus) was found to has warty surface while spores of ( Streptomyces coelicolor) has smooth surface.

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الفسلجية وتركيز البروستاكلاندينات عند مرضى الربو

Author name: سيماء عبد الرحمن شعبان
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة بعض المتغيرات الدموية والفسلجية عند مرضى الربو، وقد شملت 46 مريضا بالربو من كلا الجنسين (31 مريضا من الاناث و15 مريضا من الذكور) تراوحت اعمارهم بين 21 - 75 سنة من ضمن الحالات الواردة على مستشفى تكريت التعليمي والمركز الاستشاري لام

دراسة بعض الجينات المشفرة لعوامل الضراوة لبكتريا Acinetobacter baumannii المعرزلة من العينات السريرية == Study of Some Virulence Factors Encoded Genes of Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Clinical Samples

Author name: عصام محمد طاهر الخويلدي
Supervisor name: مهدي حسين محيل العمار
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة على300عينة سريريه مختلفة حصل عليها من الجروح والادرار والقشع والدم خلال الفترة من ايلول 2013 الى شباط 2014.منها 102(34%) لا يوجد نمو بينما 198(66%) نمت على وسط زرعي متخصص. شخصت عشرة عزلات من Acinetobacter baumannii من مائة وثمانية وتسعون من | Out of 300 various clinical samples obtained from wounds, urine, sputum, blood through the period from September, 2013 to February, 2014 of which 102 samples(34%) yielded no growth while 198 samples (66%) were positive growth on selective media. Ten isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were identified among one hundred ninety eight of Gram - negative bacteria grown on MacConkey agar that was isolated from different clinical specimens in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf province hospitals. A.baumannii identification depends on morphological, microscopic examination and biochemical tests as the initial identification. Also it was identified by both blood agar containing D - glucose and growth at 44?C. The final identification was performed by Api20E to confirm from all A.baumannii isolates..Distribution of A.baumannii among various clinical specimens where 4 isolates (40%) of wounds specimens and 3(30%) of urine specimens, followed by 2 isolates(20%) and one isolate(10%) of sputum and blood specimens respectively.The virulence factors of A.baumannii were studied, including bioflim formation, adhesion, capsule, hemolysin and protease, beta _lactamases production. The results indicate that 60% of A.baumannii formed the biofilm, 90% of isolates have ability to adhesion to epithelial cell and 70% of isolates was the capsule production, 80% of A.baumannii isolates able to produces beta _lactamases while all A.baumannii isolates cannot produce of both hemolysin and protease.The results showed variation in the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics where all A.baumannii isolates 100% resistance to each of cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, ceftriaxon, piperacillin while 90% resistance toticarcillin - clavulanic acid, 50% resistance to tobramycin and 30% to ciprofloxacin. 20% of all isolates showed resistance to each of amikacin, Doxicycline, imipenem, meropenem.By using Combing Disc Test(CDT) method to detect Extended Spectrum ? - lactamases(ESBLs) and metallo ? - lactamases (MBLs) production.Where 90% of A.baumannii showed ability to produce of ESBLs while only 20% showed ability to MBLs production.The genotypic method was used to detect csuE, ompA genes and also some of ? - lactamases genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaNDM - 1 by using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.The results showed that 60% of all A.baumannii isolates produce phenotypic biofilm and 30% carry csuE gene of all isolates while 50% when compared with isolates that show phenotypic formation of biofilm and the distribution of gene among all clinical specimens where 50 %, 33.3% and 25% in sputum, urine and wounds specimens respectively while not present in blood specimens. The results showed that 40% of all A.baumannii isolates carry ompA gene while 44.4% when compared with isolates that show phenotypic adhesion and the distribution of gene among all clinical specimens where 100%, 50 %, 33.3% and 25% in blood sputum, urine and wounds specimens respectively.The outcomes showed 70 % of A.baumannii isolates carry blaTEM gene and 40% of A.baumannii isolates carry blaSHV gene while none carry of blaNDM - 1gene. When compared with phenotypic results of ESBLs, MBLs.The results of blaTEM, blaSHV genes become 77.7% and 44.4% respectively.

معالجة مطروحات مياه فضلات الصرف الصحي لمدينة تكريت باستخدام تقنية المجففات الحرارية الدواره واعادة استخدامها كاسمدة عضوية == Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Effluent of Tikrit City Using Thermal Rotating Dryer Technique And Reuse As Organic Fertilizers

Author name: هالة ارشد علي حسين
Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في مختبرات كليتي التربية والعلوم - جامعة تكريت للفترة من نيسان 2010 لغاية شباط 2011 تتضمن الدراسة معالجة الحماة الناتجة عن حوض التجميع الابتدائي باستخدام تقنية المجففات الحرارية الدوارة للعمل على ازاحة ماء الحماة والتي تمثل اصعب العمليات الت | This study was conducted at a period from April 2010 to February 2011, to treat the sludge produced from collection tank at tikrit domestic wastewater plant, using thermal rotating dryer technique(T.R.D) or dewatering the sludge.This process represents one of the difficult applied process for the sludge treatment. This technique considered a modern technique in this field.Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the manufactured sludge were determined and compared with organic fertilizers (I.O.F) imported from republic of Estonia (Available in local markets).T.R.D technique induced dewatering of the treated sludge at ratio48.5 - 61.5% and producing highly sterilized organic fertilizers which was free of pathogenic organisms(bacteria, worms and eggs) with high chemical characteristics comparing with those imported from Estonia. Manufactured organic fertilizers M.O.Fs have allow acidity pH ranged between 7.5 - 7.7 ,. electrical conductivity at range 1630 - 1873, organic matter at ratio 4.56 - 5.35%, with a moderate concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn.The concentration of N and K was 1.8, 5.96% respectively while the concentration of phosphorus are 350 ppm. Three levels of M.O.Fs were used for corn plants(5, 10 and 20ton/acres). Results showed that all these levels significantly induced increasing for some physiological and morphological characteristics of corn plants compared with those treated by I.O.Fs or control plants. The vegetative dry weight of corn plants fertilized by M.O.Fs were 23.95gm/plant compared with 16.3 and 5.3 gm/plant for plants fertilized by I.O.Fs and control respectively. (M.O.Fs) induced significant increase in nitrogen concentration compared with plants fertilized by I.O.F and control while the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn were not affected by using of M.O.Fs on the other hand Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were contributed in reducing and removing some of pollutants from the sludge at three incubation periods (30, 60 and 90 day). These two species caused significant decrease in pH and EC of the sludge, P. aeruginosas showed the highest removing ratio of nitrogen (93.1%). The cooperation of the two species caused high removing ratio for the Total organic carbon(87.72%) at 60 days and organic materials (90.68%) at 90 days of incubation also showed high removing ratio for phosphors 100%) at 90 days of in cubation.) These two species also caused high removing ratio for pb, Cd and Zn at30 days and P. aeruginosa was more effective in removing Pb, Cd and Zn from the sludge then E. coli.

الدور الوقائي لبكتريا البفديس ضد خمج الفئران ببكتريا الاشيريكيا القولونية المنتجة لذيفان الشيكا == The Protective Role of Probiotic Bifidobacterium Against Mice Infection With Shiga Toxin Producing E.Coli O157 : H7

Author name: سمر مصطفى محمد
Supervisor name: شادان عباس الوانداوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Six Bifidobacterum isolates were isolated from fully breast - fed healthy infant faeces on reduced de Man Rogosa and sharp medium (MRS - C). Isolates identified on the basis of, colonial and microscopical properties, biochemical tests, and fructose - 6 - phosphate phosphoketolase enzyme (F6PPK) activity assay in cellular extracts. Carbohydrates fermentation profile used for identification of isolates to species level. All bacterial isolates diagnosed as Bifidobacterium genus where in this study B. adolescntis was the predominant species (50%), (B4, B5 and B6), followed by B. breve (B3), B. longum (B1) and B. dentium (B2) each one represent 16.67%.Bifidobacterium isolates were screened for their antagonistic effects against test organism, clinical isolate of shiga toxin producing E.coli O157 : H7 (STEC), using agar - well diffusion method. The isolates B3 and B6 showed clear inhibitory actions, 22 mm and 15 mm diameter of inhibitions zones, respectively. The rest of the tested isolates did not pronounce any inhibitory activity.B. breve in vivo antagonistic behavior and the possible protective effects against STEC was evaluated, using streptomycin treated murine model. Murine intestines was stably colonized orally with B. breve for 14 days, in conjunction mice were challenged orally with STEC, 103 CFU / mouse / day on day 8 of experiment. Bacterteriological analysis of mice faeces at time intervals, was indicated high levels of bacterial colonization were achieved in intestine by B. breve and STEC.Colonization of mice intestine by B. Breve did not inhibited STEC cells from proliferation during infection phase. Hence, the excretion level of STEC in faeces reached to 2.4 x 10 6 CFU/ g of faeces.STEC infected mice showed no severe clinical signs, characterized by hairloss, lethargy, paralysis of fore limbs, and shed of loose faeces. In the B. breve - colonized group, the mentioned clinical signs were almost completely inhibited, except the lethargic of some animals.Immunological studies showed an increase in the levels of sIgA by 2.7 - fold from that of blood IgA in B. breve - colonized mice while, reversed values were recorded in mice infected with STEC, blood IgA level was 1.95 - fold higher than that of sIgA.Histological changes in spleen, liver, kidney, and intestine tissues of mice were studied. The histological sections clarified the protective roles of B.breve, where no effective histological disorders were appeared in B.breve and STEC - colonized mice. In the STEC - infected mice, the pathological abnormalities within the kidney was the predominant, diagnozed as ulcers in the lining membranes, glomerular and tubular epithelium necrosis, without evidence of glomerular thrombi, mild damages was appeared in liver and spleen, and characteristic attaching and effacing (A / E) lesions appeared in the large intestine sections

تاثير مستخلص بذورالحبة السوداء في امراضية طفيلي المتورقة العملاقة Fasciola gigantica خارج وداخل الجسم الحي == Efficiency of Nigella Sativa Seed Extract In Fasciola Gigantica Parasite In Vivo And In Vitro

Author name: شيماء عبد الحسين محمد شلاش
Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية خلال المدة من شهر تشرين الثاني 2012 ولغاية تشرين الاول 2013لتقييم فعالية المستخلص الكحولي لبذورالحبة السوداء Nigella sativaفي حيوية بيض وبالغات دودة الكبد العملاقة Fasciola gigantica خارج وداخل الجسم الحي. وبواقع ثلاث تراكيـز 20%, 4 | The present study was conducted during the period from November 2012 till October 2013 to evaluate the effectiveness of the alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds on the vitality of eggs and adults liver giant worm Fasciola gigantica In vitro and In vivo in the infected domestic rabbits lepus lepus arabica. Alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds used In vitro at three concentrations 20%, 40%, 60% for each eggs and adults of Fasciola gigantica and In vivo were three doses 200, 400, 600 mg/kg from body weight in the infected rabbits by this parasite. The result of the current study In vitro revealed that the alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds at 60% has been great effects in reducing the percentage of the eggs hatching to 0% and increasing the mortality percentage of the adult worms to 100% when compared with the control groups. So the results of this study showed that there is not significant differences of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds on the blood components of the healthy rabbits at level P<0.05 while in the infected and treated rabbits there are less significant effect when compared with the infected rabbits. In the infected rabbits showed significant increased in numbers of white blood cells from 5.52*109/L in the negative control to 10.41*109/L in the positive control and significant decreased in numbers of red blood cell from 5.51*1012/L to 4.41*1012/L and haematocrit value from 32.21% to (24.71%) and the amount of hemoglobin from 11.43*gm/dl to 8.53* gm/dl.While the ethanol extract of Nigella sativa seeds reduced the number of WBCs and increased the number of RBCs, PCV and the concentration of hemoglobin. Also the results of the current study In vivo showed that the ability of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds at dose 600 mg/kg are more effective in reducing the numbers of Fasciola gigantica worms in the infected and treated rabbits when compared with the infected and untreated rabbits. So the total rate number of worms in the positive control 16.7 while 6.4, 2, 0 for doses 200, 400, 600 mg/kg from body weight respectively. Results of histological study in the experimental infected rabbits revealed that the alcoholic extract is very effective for reducing the histopathological changes in the liver, spleen and kidney which caused by the parasite. And the therapeutic efficiency of these extract in dose 600 mg/kg for organs Liver, Spleen, Kidney are 100%. Concluded from the results of this study that the alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds used in treatment the infection of the F.gigantica worm because its therapeutic efficiency and not any side effects to this extract.

تاثير الانزيمين الكلوكواميليز والكلوكوز اوكسيديز في تثبيط بكتريا Streptococcus mutans المسببة لتسوس الاسنان == The Effect of Glucoamylase And Glucose Oxidase On Inhibition of Streptococcus Mutans Causes The Dental Caries

Author name: بيداء عبود حسن الجنابي
Supervisor name: زهرة محسن علي | محمد عبد الله جبر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة استخلاص الكلوكواميليز والكلوكوز اوكسيديز من الفطرين Aspergillus niger وPenicillum notatum على التوالي وتنقية وتوصيف الانزيمين لغرض زيادة تركيز بيروكسيد الهيدروجين المحفز لانزيم اللاكتوبيروكسيد الموجود باللعاب على تكوين ايونات الهايبوثايوسيان | This study aims at producing glucoamylase and glucose oxidase from the Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum respectively , purifying and characterizing the enzymes to increase H2O2 concentration which induce lactoperoxidase in saliva to the formation of hypothiocyanite ion to inhibite Streptococcus mutans which causes the dental caries. For glucoamylase and glucose oxidase production, the results shown the the highest enzymes production were occurred using the synthetic medium, it gave high titer of glucoamylase and glucose oxidase activity (0.212, 0.605 U/ml) respectively, the optimum incubation period for glucoamylase was occurred after 96 h (0.125 U/ml), while the maximum activity of glucose oxidase was occurred after 72 h (0.662 U/ml), the optimum temperature for enzymes production was occurred in 30°C, (0.257, 0.690 U/ml) respectively, the maximum production of glucoamylase and glucose oxidase were occurred in the pH = 6 (0.174, 0.391 U/ml) respectively, the optimum nitrogen source for enzymes production was yeast extract and potassium nitrate (0.157, 0.571 U/ml) respectively, the optimum carbon source for glucoamylase and glucose oxidase production was starch and glucose (0.167, 0.459 U/ml) respectively. For glucoamylase and glucose oxidase purification, the results found the ammonium sulfate (80 %) was selected as the best ratio for precipitate of glucoamylase , the specific activity reached to (3.626 U/mg) , with a purification fold (1.241) and yield (0.38) % , while the (60 %) was selected as the best ratio for precipitate of glucose oxidase, the specific activity reached to (10.304 U/mg) , with a purification fold (1.219) and yield (0.34) % , two peaks of glucoamylase were appeared in the gel filtration the specific activity of the first form (4.195 U/mg) with purification fold (1.436), while the second (31.214 U/mg) with purification fold (10.689), while one peak of glucose oxidase was appeared in the gel filtration, the specific activity was reached (62.382 U/mg) with purification fold (7.385). For characterization of enzymes, the results reported the highest activity of glucoamylase (Aand B) occurred in pH = 8, 6.5 (0.253U/ml, 0.511 U/ml) respectively , while the maximum activity of glucose oxidase (1.289 U/ml) in pH = 5.5, the optimum temperature of glucoamylase (Aand B) activity (0.243U/ml, 0.703 U/ml) in 40, 30 °C respectively , while the optimum temperature of glucose oxidase activity (1.424 U/ml) in 45 °C, the optimum pH for glucoamylase (B) stability ranging between (5.5 - 6.5), while the optimum pH for glucose oxidase stability ranging between (5 - 6) , the optimum temperature for glucoamylase (B) stability ranging between (10 - 35) °C for 30 min, while the optimum temperature for glucose oxidase stability ranging between (25 - 35) °C for 15min, the molecular weights of glucoamylase (Aand B) approximately 52 & 66 kDa respectively using the electrophoresis technique, while approximately 68 kDa for glucoamylase (B) using the gel filtration technique, the molecular weight of glucose oxidase approximately 78 and 87 kDa electrophoresis electrophoresis and gel filtration respectively, the values of Km and Vmax of glucoamylase and glucose oxidase were (2.4 mM , 9.6 mM/min and 19.6 mM, 7.5 mM/min) respectively. The result of this study showed the Streptococcus mutans growth was killed in the using the first and the second concentration of glucoamylase and glucose oxidase (0.09, 0.009 and 0.3, 0.03 µl) respectively , while the growth was appered in third concentration of enzymes (0.0009, 0.003 µl) respectively. The NaF, ZnF2 , C 12H 7 Cl 3 FNaO2 , NaCl , NaHCO3 and KSCN with (0.5 and 1M ) leads to increase the enzymes activity , while Na3PO4 , SrCl2 , Fe2O3 and Ca(HCO3) 2 caused decreased the activity of enzymes when treated with (0.5 and1 M) from these solutions, the glucoamylase activity also decreased when it treated with (0.5 and 1M) from KNO3 solution but this solution increased the activity of glucose oxidase when it treated with (0.5 and 1 M) from this solution

الاصابة ببكتريا Helicobacter pylori وعلاقتها بمرض تصلب الشرايين القلبية == Correlation Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection And Atherosclerotic Heart Disease

Author name: رواء سعدي سلمان
Supervisor name: مي خليل اسماعيل
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: مرض قصور الشرايين التاجية هو النتيجة النهائية لتراكم اللويحات العصيدية ضمن جدران الشرايين التاجية مسببة نقص الاوكسجين وبالتالي حدوث مرض القلب الاقفاري. ويعتبر من الامراض الشائعة واحد الاسباب الرئيسية لحالات الوفاة في العالم. اضافة الى عوامل الخطورة التقلي | Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaque within the walls of the coronary arteries resulting in shortage of oxygen supply and ischemic heart disease (IHD). It was consider as one of the most common diseases and major causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. In addition to traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, nowadays, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of infectious agents may contribute to pathogenesis of CAD. The present study evaluated the anti - Helicobacter pylori IgG and IgA and the role of virulence factor of H. pylori cytotoxin associated gene (Cag A) and vacuolating associated cytotoxin (Vac A) as a risk factors for CAD.Eighty patients were divided into 2 groups : first group was 70 patients with CAD, the other group contained 10 patients with another coronary artery disease; they were admitted to Ibn Al - Bitar Specialist Center for Cardiac Surgery in Baghdad between October 2013 and January 2014. Ten individuals used as a healthy control group. All blood samples were tested biochemically such as glucose test, urea test, creatinine test and lipid profile test(cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL) and all of them showed normal results. The present study revealed that males were affected more than females (3 : 1); with no relation between their ages and bacterial infection.Serum IgG and IgA was Estimated by indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) whereas Cag A, Vac A and high sensitive C - reactive protein (hs - CRP) measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared to control group results.The incidence of the anti - H.pylori IgG was highly significantly prevalent in CAD patients 78.57% (55/70), than in control group 0% (0/10), also a high significant difference in another CAD patient group 100%(10/10) as compared to control group 0% (0/10) (P? 0.01).Similarly anti - H. pylori IgA in CAD patients and another CAD patient groups showed highly significant increase when compared to control group 37.14% (26/70), 30% (3/10) and 0% (0/10) respectively (P? 0.01).The incidence of the CagA - positivity was significantly prevalent in mean value (2.74±0.19) in patients with CAD and another CAD patient group(2.72±0.31) than in control group (1.64± 0.16) (P? 0.05). Same result was observed with Vac A antigen; mean value of patient group showed significant increase (1.299 ± 0.04) when compared to controls group (1.41±0.13) (P? 0.05). Also significant increase found between another CAD patient group(1.79±0.17) and control group (1.41±0.13) (P? 0.05). Furthermore; the present study revealed significant differences of concentration levels between hs - CRP in CAD patient group (4.95 ± 0.38 µg/ml) as compared to control group (0.77 ± 0.06 µg/ml), as well as a significant differences found between another CAD patient group (3.96 ± 0.96 µg/ml) as compared to control group (0.77 ± 0.06 µg/ml) (P? 0.05).

انتاج انزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي من العزلة المحلية لبكتريا Bacillus sp. وتنقيته جزئيا

Author name: جعفر انور قدوري الخاجي
Supervisor name: رباب عمران راضي الجيلاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Fifteen local isolates of Bacillus bacteria and previously isolated were screening a from laboratory of advanced biotechnology and Genetic Engineering in Babylon University, College of Science to know their ability on production of extracellular alkaline phosphatase after its growth in liquid production in PH8 medium for 4 days and temperature 37°C. and destinguished 11 isolates by their different abilities on produc of enzyme and Bacillus sp.I bacteria was their best and perfected it selection to complete the study and described by depending on microscopic and cultured and biochemical characteristics studying of effect some of environmental condition for production of alkaline phosphatase enzyme by submerged cultural method were appeared that the optimum PH for production was 8, and optimum temperature 40°C, after incubation time 4days and explain that the production by static incubator was better from shaker incubator.Alkaline phosphatase of the isolate Bacillus sp.I was purified partial by fractionating with ammonium sulphate and the best ratio for saturation 95%. And on purification of enzyme by ion exchange chromatography with batch wise by using DEAE - cellulose and enzymatic recovery was 37.1%, and fold 3.64 once, and enzyme passed after concentrated on gel filtration column (Sepharcyl S - 200) one peak was appeared for enzyme and enzymatic recovery was 23 % and fold 36.80 once.Results of electrophoresis by presense of denaturation condition appeared that the molecular weight of alkaline phosphatase produced from gel filteration by using Sepharcyl S - 200 gain approximately 29.5 KDa and 28.8 KDa and this enzyme composed of homodimer.The characterization results for the enzyme indicated that the optimal pH for activity of enzyme was (9), while the optimal pH for the enzyme stability was (8 - 9), and found that the optimal temperature for activity of anzyme was 30 ? C, and on studying optimal temperature for stability of enzyme indicated that better stability for this enzyme was on temperature 0 ?C while the activity lost completely on temperature 60°C. and on studying effect some chemical compounds in activity of enzyme found that the enzyme needs to cofactor and it is zinc andmagnessium ion to increase catalytic activity and needs to calessium ion to increase stability of enzyme. At that time potassium and sodium ions appeared a negatively effect on activity, and heavy metals ions Fe and Hg appeared an inhibited effect to activity and so that the enzyme was inhibited by presence EDTA and and potassium ferro cyanide indicating that the enzyme from metal enzymes.Determination of constant kinitics of the enzyme was completed of Michaelis - Menten constant (Km) of para - nitrophenyl phosphate and this gained 500 micromolar and maximum velocity of this enzyme (Vmax), and this gained 2500 unit/ml.

دراسة تشخيصية وتصنيفية لطفيليات الديك الرومي Meleagris gallopavo في محافظة القادسية == Diagnostic And Taxoaomical Study of Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) Parasites In Al - Qadisiya Province

Author name: هند عبد الزهرة عبد الكاظم الشباني
Supervisor name: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: خلال المدة ما بين بداية شهر ايلول 2014 ونهاية ايار 2015 جمع وفحص 50 طيرا من الديك الرومي Meleagris gallopavo من مناطق مختلفة من محافظة القادسية في مختبرات الكلية بهدف عزل الطفيليات الخارجية والداخلية المتطفلة على هذه الطيور وتشخيصها فضلا عن دراسة نسبة الا | The current study carried out during the period between the first of the September 2014 end of May 2015.fifty birds of domestic turkey Meleagris gallopavo was collected from different areas of Al - Diwaniya city markets, to isolating and identification the external and internal parasites parasitized on these birds as well as study the incidence and intensity and the most important pathological and histological changes resulting from external and intestinal infections, Six species of external parasites was isolated included four species of biting lice Gonoiocotes gallina, Goniodes gigas, Menacanthus straminus and Oxylipeurus sp. The infection rate and severity of 10%, 6.81.4%, 4.72.2, %, 54.2%, 0.09, respectively, and Two species of Ticks are Argus persicus and Haemophysalis sp. Nymph. and the rate of infection was 2%, 0.36; 2%, 0.24 : respectively. The results showed that the triple infection of lice are the most common, (63.63%.) While internal parasites that 9 species of intestinal parasitic worms in the digestive system included two species of Protozoa Eimeria sp. and Histomonas meleagridis The infection rate and intensity was14%, 4.20 0.2%, 0.14, respectively, Four species of tape worms Railletina cesticillus, Railletina tetragona. Choanoyania infundibulum and Hymenolepis sp.The intensity of infaction was 2%, 100.2% 53.284, 4, 00, 2% 2%, 0.42; respectively, Three species of nematodes Ascardia gallinarum, Capillaria sp. and Heterakis gallinarum and severity of infection was 21.73%, 1.2; 2% 0.100; 17.79%, 1.25; respectively. The study showed the presence of internal parasitic worms sites in the gastrointestinal tract it was observed that most of tapeworms parasitize in the small intestine and rates higher than what is found in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, and the protozoa are found in the liver and small intestine. The nematodes are also found in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, including both of the small intestine and the large intestine and esophagus. The species Haemophysalis sp. and Oxylipeurus sp. and helminths Raillietina cesticillus, Raillietina tetragona, Choanotania infundibulum, Hymenolepis sp. Ascardia gallinarum, Capillaria sp.Heterakis gallinarum. and Eimeria sp. were the first recording in turkeys in Iraq. Also the current study showed a many of gross and microspcopic pathological changes caused by lice in infected birds, such as lethargy, laziness and sagging wings and nervous tension and break the feathers and hair loss, as well as change the color of the skin also appeared many of the macroscopic and microscopic changes in the gastrointestinal tract as a result of, intestinal worm included changes macroscopic obstruction and hemorrhagic bruises and blood infiltration The microscopic changes have included the infiltration of inflammatory cells Nicrosis and abstraction of cells lining the of these channels and the proliferation of Kubffer cells and expansion in sinosoids and atrophy of the villi tissue.

التاثيرات السمية لجسيمات الفضة النانوية على بعض الاعضاء لاناث طائر السمان Coturnix coturnix : دراسة نسجية وكيموحيوية == Toxic Effects of Nanosilver Particles On Some Organs of Female Quail (Coturnix Coturnix); Histological And Biochemical Study

Author name: عبير ساجد عبد علي
Supervisor name: غزوة درويش النقيب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة التعرف على تاثير جسيمات الفضة النانوية في نسجية كل من الكبد والطحال والكلى فضلا عن تاثيرها في وظائف الكبد والكلى من خلال قياس بعض انزيمات الكبد المتضمنة (AST & ALT) وقياس مستوى اليوريا والكرياتنين (Urea & (Creatinine, فضلا عن تاثيرها في | This study was included to identify the effect of silver nanoparticles on histology of the liver, spleen and kidney, as well as it's effect on functions of the liver and kidneys through the measurementof some liver enzymes included (AST and ALT) and measurement of urea and creatinine levels, as well as the effect of silver nanoparticles in the weight of studied samples, numbers and sizes of the eggs were produced through the exposure periods.(45) quail (females) were collected from agricultured research center in Abu - Ghraib, divided into (4) groups including : T1 (12 quails were exposed to 4ppm), T2 (12 quails were exposed to 8ppm) and T3 (12 quails were exposed to 12 ppm) of nanosilver particles solution for (60) days.As well as control group T4(9 birds were exposed to distilled water).After the end of the exposure period samples were sacrificed by discapitation of the neck, and blood was collected for the purpose of serum separation which required for biochemical study, samples were dissected and fixated with Bouin's fluid, histological slides were prepared and stained with Eosin - Hematoxylin.Biochemical study were showed significant decrease in the level of liver's enzymes (AST & ALT), urea and creatinine. This decrease was elevated when the concentration was increased, as well as significant decrease in each of sizes and numbers of the eggs were produced through exposure periods and non - significant decrease in the body weight.Exposed groups with silver nanoparticles showed histopathological alterations for each of liver, spleen and kidney, in liver included congestion of blood vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, exudate, appearing of concilman bodies, fatty degeneration in most of hepatocytes which progressed to fatty changes in most of samples were exposed with 12ppm, Hyperplasia for each of blood vessel walls and capsule, atrophy of hepatocytes, and appearing of giant cells, while kidney sufferd from hydropic degeneration in most of renal tubules hemorrhage for each of cortex, medulla and glomerulus, hyaline degeneration of tubules, amyloid precipitation for each of glomerulus and blood vessels, sloughing of epithelial cells of renal tubules from basement membrane, hypertrophy of renal tubules with hyperplasia for cells of tubules and atrophy of renal tubules.Spleen tissue showed decreased in sheets of white pulp and lymphocyte numbers red pulp cells. Severity of these effects varied depending on individual differences between samples and concentration of silver nanoparticles, which increase in samples were exposed with highest concentration.

استعمال التقانة الجزيئية في تشخيص التباين الوراثي في تراكيب وراثية من الحنطة المتحملة للملوحة == Using Molecular Biology In Identification of Genetic Variation In Wheat/Genotypes For Salt Tolerance

Author name: غفران علي حسين العبيدي
Supervisor name: وسام مالك داود | ابراهيم اسماعيل المشهداني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: This study is made in bio - technology Research Center/Al - Nahrain University 2012 - 2013 for heredity genetic variation by using RAPD and ISSR method between tow genotypes elected to status salinity tolerance 2H and N5 and local varieties Iraq and Latifia sensitive to salinity.Tow experiments are made, first for measure the percentage of germination under conditions of salinity, being of planted the seeds of genotypes and local varieties studied in three replicates and three salt levels 0, 16, 12 ds.m - 1 by 10 seeds in each experimental unit, and after 10 - 15 days of agriculture was to estimate the percentage of germination and the second experiment to study the genetic variation between varieties tolerant and sensitive to salinity, where its seeds are planted soil saline by tow salt concentrations 0, 20 ds/m and after 20 - 25 days of germination, took samples of the leaves of plants to extract the DNA for study genetic variation using RAPD - PCR technique between varieties tolerant and sensitive to salinity.The results of the percentage of germination of the existence of significant differences between genotypes salt - tolerant 2H and N5 and cultivars comparing Iraq and Latifia sensitive to salinity, gave genotype N5 highest percentage of germination was 71%, and gave the genotype 2H germination percentage of 62% in the salt level of salt 16 ds/m, While giving classes comparison Iraq and Latifia less germination percentage reached 16.5% and 25% at the same level of salt, also gave genotypes 2H and N5 germination percentage of 66% and 75%, respectively, while giving classes comparison Iraq and Latifia germination percentage of 50% for both cultivars in the Second level of salt, It is clear from these results that the genotypes N5 and 2H elected from breeding programs and improvement are the most salt - tolerant varieties of local Iraq and Latifia sensitive to salinity at the stage of germination and which is the stage mostsensitive to salinity of the stages of growth of other, particularly in the third level of salt 16 ds/m.The results show that the interaction of RAPD - PCR using 7 primers and there are differences between genotypes N5 and 2H and local varieties Iraq and Latifia and varied this primers in terms of the number of bands and its location was the initiator of OPC - 12 is the best among the primers being of manages to show the discriminative power of through its production bands with a molecular weight 100bp in genotypes N5 and 2H under conditions of salinity just did not show this bands in the local varieties Iraq and Latifia and under the same conditions of salinity, This indicates that this band represents a source of difference between genotypes and local varieties in the degree of salinity tolerance because this band does not appear in all genotypes and cultivars studied under non - saline conditions, it may return this deals band in genotypes and N5 2H under conditions of salinity to show Jenny expression by some of the salt - tolerant gene, which leads to the appearance of this genetic variation in salinity tolerance status.Has also been used 15 primers to determine the genetic variation technique ISSR - PCR between genotypes N5 and 2H and local varieties Iraq and Latifia sensitive to salinity, appeared a number of bands general, however, these primers cannot show any special bands, and thus these primers failed to show this genetic variation between species studied.We conclude by the results that the genotypes 2H and N5 were the most tolerant to salinity at the stage of germination and who have shown a special bands under conditions of high salinity, while the local varieties are sensitive to salinity not appeared in this band under the same conditions and by this difference in the appearance of this package can We concludethat there is a genetic variation between these genotypes and local varieties this may be due to their differences in the degree of salinity disclaim.

تاثير بعض عوامل المكافحة الحيوية في بعض الجوانب الحياتية للذبابة المنزلية Musca domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae) == Effect of Some Biological Control Agents On Some The Biological Aspects of Musca Domestica (Diptera : Muscidae)

Author name: علي مرتضى كاظم الياسري
Supervisor name: محمد رضا عنون الحسناوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية تقويم كفاءة بعض طرائق السيطرة الحيوية باستعمال الفطر Sorokin Metschnikoff)) Metarhizium anisopliae والبكترياBacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis ومنظم النمو Neporex Cyromazine) ) في المكافحة الحيوية للذبابة المنزلية Musca domestica | The present study aimed to evaluation of efficacy of some methods Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin) Metschnikoff) Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis and Neporex) Cyromazine) from be used as biocontrol agents against (Diptera : Muscidae)Musca domestica L. The results showed the following : 1. Different concentration of Fungal suspension have been affected the life stages of Musca domestica. The mortality rate of eggs were (18.66%) at the concentration of 2 × 103 spore /ml, and increased to (36.66%) at the concentration of 2 × 106 spore /ml. The first larvae instars have showed highest mortality rate reached (83.33%) when treated with 2 × 106 spore/ml, while (56.66%) of them were dead at concentration of 2×103 spore/ml. (36.66%) of pupae of Musca domestica were dead when exposed to 2 × 106 spore /ml. The treatment with highst concentration caused high adult mortality, i.e. (96.66%) and (93.33%) for adult males and females of the Musca domestica respectively after 168 hours, while (70%, 73.33%) when treated with 2×103 spore /ml. 2. The secondary metabolities of fungi when applied, all first larvae instars of Musca domestica were dead and (96.66%) of the when tretead with concentration 100%, while (66.66%) and (63.33%) for the same larval instars at concentration 25%. 3. The result showed the different concentration of bacterial suspension affected the mortality rate of larvae of Musca domestica.The first larva instars have showed highst mortality rate which reached (76.66%) when treated with 2 × 105 spore /ml while (50%) of them where dead at concentration 2 × 102 spore /ml after 72 hours from treatment. 4. The effect of secondary metabolites of bacteria when applied, All first larva instar of Musca domestica were dead and (90.00%) when treated with concentration 100% and decreased to (73.33%) after 72 hours from treatment , the mortality rate of adult was (100%) at concentration 100% and decreased to (63.33%) after 72 hours from treatment. 5. The concentration of insect growth regulator neporex have effected , The highst mortality rate eggs was (37.00%), at the concentration 100 part per million, while (19.33%) at the concentration 25 part per million, , the first larval instars mortality at the concentration 100 part per million, was (96.66%) at the concentration 100 part per million while (66.66%) at the concentration 25 part per million.the mortality rate of pupa was (73.33%) while (30%) at the concentration 25 part per million after 72 hours from treatment

اثر التغذية الورقية بالبوتاسيوم والحديد المخلبي في نمو وحاصل الذرة الصفراء (mays L. Zea) تحت نظام الري بالتنقيط == Effect of Foliar Nutrition of Potassium And Chelated Iron In Growth And Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) Under Drip Irrigation System

Author name: ايمن احمد عبد الكريم العباسي
Supervisor name: نجم عبد الله جمعة الزبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت تجربة حقلية في محطة ابحاث محاصيل الغالبية /محافظة ديالى في الموسم الخريفي 2013في تربة ذات نسجة طينية غرينية بهدف معرفة تاثير التغذية الورقية بالبوتاسيوم والحديد المخلبي في نمو وحاصل الذرة الصفراءL.) Zea mays (صنف بحوث 106 تحت نظام الري بالتنقيط بتصمي | A field experiment was conducted during autumn season 2013 in silty clay soil at Field Crops Researchs Station in AL - Ghalbiea/ Diyala Governorate.The aim of this experiment to study effect of foliar nutrition of potassium and chelated iron in growth and yield of maize(Zea mays L.) Buhooth 106 under drip irrigation system.Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in this study with three replications. Spraying four concentrations of potassium(0, 1000, 2000, 3000) mgK. L - ¹ as potassium sulfate K%41.5 and four concentrations of chelated Iron EDTA(Fe%13)(0, 50, 100, 200)mg Fe.L - ¹. The results showed that the suitable) K (foliar nutrition treatment was 3000mgK.L - ¹ which caused significant differences in plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter of green plant, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grain per ear, weight of 500grains, grain yield, chlorophyll, concentration of K and concentration of Fe as compared with control, it in order to195.87cm, 15.51 leaf, 27.32mm, 59.11dm2, 6017g.m2, 20.158cm, 17.025row, 516.75grain, 143.75g, 9.507t.ha - 1, 51.34 SPAD units, %3.003, 145.36mg.Kg - 1.Using Fe - foliar nutrition treatment was 50mgFe.L - ¹ caused significant differences in plant height and number of leaves it 193.76cm and 15.54 leaf، and 100mgFe.L - ¹ caused significant differences in stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter of green plant, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per ear, weight of 500grains, grain yield, chlorophyll and concentration of K as compared with control it in order of 27.76mm, 60.41dm2 , 6004g.m2, 20.95cm, 17.15 row, 505.33 grain, 143.00g , 9.646 t.ha - 1, 50.08 SPAD unit, 2.9284%.While 200mgFe.l - ¹ caused low of all traits parameters except concentration of Fe in leaves was 188.18 mg.Kg - 1.The interaction between potassium and iron K3000 * Fe100 of significant effect in more traits parameters compared with control treatment and concentration of potassium decreased high level of iron(200mgFe.L - ¹) of monitor form

تعيين بعض الظروف الزرعية لانتاج انزيم السليليز والكحول الاثيلي من بعض انواع البكتريا المعزولة من التربة == Determination of Some Cultural Conditions For Cellulase And Ethanol Production By Bacteria Isolated From Soil

Author name: عبد الستار عبد الجبار ابراهيم
Supervisor name: عدنان نعمة عبد الرضا العزاوي | انيس عبد الله كاظم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Enzymes
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The study included isolate and diagnose of some types of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria capable of decomposing and fermentation of cellulose. Isolation and diagnose the bacteria Clostridium phytofermentous from 10 agricultural soil samples, was 50 % of the total 50 colony, while isolation of Escherichia coli from 15 waste water samples which represented 40% of the total 75 colony and isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 15 normal soil samples, and was 53% of the total 75 colony. production of cellulase enzymes was evaluated by using absorbance method. Higher activity obtained via Clostridium phytofermentous with maximum value of 42.8 IU / mL, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa gives 12.5 IU / mL and Escherichia coli gives 29.1 IU / mL.. Optimum temperature was 35 C and pH 7, for production cellulose enzyme The concentration of ethanol Alcohol was measured by using Titration method. Maximum concentration of ethanol alcohol produced by Escherichia coli, which reached 8.28 g/liter, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 7.86 g/liter, and Clostridium phytofermentous reached 6.62 g/L.

دراسة بيئية للطحالب الملتصقة على بعض النباتات المائية في مياه مبزل الفرات الشرقي (الحفار) / الديوانية - العراق == An Ecological Study of Epiphytic Algae On Some Aquatic Plants In East Euphrates Drainage Water /(Al - Haffar) Al - Diwaniya/Iraq

Author name: زهرة كليب مهدي الخزعلي
Supervisor name: فؤاد منحر علكم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: plant - aquatic life
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية الخصائص البيئية المؤثرة على الطحالب الملتصقة على النباتات المائية في مبزل الفرات الشرقي (الحفار) في الديوانية - العراق, اذ شملت الدراسة قياس بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه المبزل والخصائص الاحيائية التي تضمنت دراسة كمية ون | The present study tackles ecological characteristics which is effected of Epiphytic algae in east Euphrates drainage (AL - Haffar) in AL - Diwaniya, This study included the measurement some of physical and chemical characteristics of drainage water, and biological characteristics which includes studying quality and quantity of Epiphytic, Three aquatic plants Ceratophyllum demersum, Phragmits australis, and Imperata cylindrical had been selected, Samples collected monthly during The period from November 2012 to October 2013.Three location have been chosen, the first is near AL - Abtan village, Second is after the first location five kilometers, while the third location is after the Second about seven kilometers. The study shows that the temperature of the air is about (7 - 39c) and water temperature is approximately (10 - 33c), while light penetration is about (10.5 - 63cm) the flow speed is (0.25 - 0.68 M/Sec), Water turbidity is (40.02 - 63.03 NTU), while Electrical conductivity is approximately about (3014 - 3964 Sc/cm). The results of the study shows that the water drainage Oligohaline, the salinity values ranged from (1.92 - 2.53‰), the total (T.D.S) is about (1741 - 2226 mg/l), while the T.S.S. is about (41 - 67 mg/l). The result of this study shows that the pH is limited Through all the period of the study (6.98 - 8.18), The drainage water get good airing dissolved oxygen values are(6.71 - 8.14 mg/l), biological oxygen demand are (2.05 - 5.23mg/l) and carbon dioxide values are about (81.50 - 119.57mg/l).The results of this study also show about that drain water is alkaline and belonged to bicarbonate ions, total alkaline is (140.28 - (189.27 mg/l) It is discovered that the drain water is too hard, hardness values are (512.15 - 612.45mg/l), while Calcium concentrations are (128.36 - 173.40mg/l) and Magnesium concentrations are (30.31 - 50.09 mg/l). Plant nutrients, N concentrations are about (0. 98 - 3.99 µg/l) of Nitrit, Nitrate concentrations are (216 - 415 µg/l) and Phosphate concentrations are about (0.9 - 2.92 µg/l), and The percentage of total organic carbon in the residues is(0.59 - 0. 17) %. The total number of epiphytic algae types which are diagnosed during study period reaches to 320 species belongs to 86 genera within 7 classes They are Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae Xanthophyceae, Dinophycea eand Rhodophyceae, Bacillariophyceae obtaints the dominion which reach to (183) species of Bacillariophyceae. It makes rate (57.19%).Than Chlorophyceae came concerning types number 68 species in rate (21.25%) , Following by Cyanophyceae 53 species in rate 16.56%. Euglenophyceae are 10 species in rate (3.13%).Xanthophyceae is represented in two species belong to2 genera.It makes proportion (0.63%) , Dinophyceae which represented in 3 species belonged to 3 genera in rate (0.94 %) and Rhodophyceae represented in one species and one genera in rate (0. 3%) of total number of algae.Class of the Bacillariophyceae, during study period were Navicula وNitzschia وCymbella وSynedra وAchnanthes, genera of Oscillatoria and genera of, Scenedesmus manifest that highest number of available types during the period of study.It has note that there are numbers of the monthly and located changes in total number of epiphytic algae on host plants.was varied in months and locations due to the host plants. Ceratophyllum demersum marks the Highest total number of epiphytic algae 172.89× 104 individual/ gm of wet weight in third location during April. Imperata cylindrica marks the lowest total number of epiphytic algae 3.51×104 individual/ gm of wet weight in scecond location during January, The total number of epiphytic on host plants ranges between (175.39 - 668.6) ×104 individual/ gm of wet weigh.The total number of main epiphytic algae classes is varied in total number of epiphytic algae.Bacillariophyceae diatoms composed 81.02%, in all locations during the study period, followed by Cyanophyceae composed 9.7%, while Chlorophyceae composed 8.6%.Euglenophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae and Rhodophyceae, were not important concerning their number. Statistical analysis results show there are significant differences between locations and months of study in relation to physical, chemical and biological features. Also there are connected correlations positive and negative between epiphytic algae and physical, chemical and biological features that measured during the study period of probability level of P<0.05.

دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية مقارنة للجنسين Melilotus Mill. وScorpiurus L. (Leguminosae) في العراق == A Comparative Morphological And Anatomical Study of Melilotus Mill. And Scorpiurus L. Genera (Leguminosae) In Iraq

Author name: وسام عيدان جبر الشمري
Supervisor name: سهيلة حسين باجي اللامي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجري البحث الحالي في العام الدراسي (2013 - 2014), اذ تناول دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية مقارنة للجنسين Melilotus Mill. وScorpiurus L. في العراق, والتي شملت اربعة انواع للجنس الاول وهي M. alba Desr. وM. indica L. وM. messanensis L. وM. officinalis L. ونوع واحد ذ | The current research was conducted in the academic year (2013 - 2014), it a comparative morphological and anatomical study of Melilotus Mill. and Scorpiurus L. genera in Iraq, which included four species of the first genus M. alba Desr., M. indica L., M. messanensis L. and M. officinalis L., and one species is two variety to second genus (S. muricatus var. muricatus L. and S. muricatus var. subvillosus L.).Morphological characteristics studied and carried it comparison, starting from the root and the end of fruit and the seed for all species of genera and adopted the most attested qualities and importance in the diagnosis and isolation of those species, as well as prepared the tables, paintings and painted illustrations that serve this purpose. The stem length importance in isolating S. muricatus var. muricatus for M. alba, and through follow - up field for two types of M. indica and M. messanensis observed that the young’s stem contain the trichomes which disappear in the amounting stem for them. It can be used peduncle to isolate the genera from each other in non - interference between them. the flag leaf height character can be to isolate the M. indica from the other species of Melilotus genus has been a summit flag leaf contrast and a clear contrast between the species under study were obtuse in variety of S. muricatus species and retuse or emarginate in M. officinalis while it was emarginate in the other species. The colors of corolla, forms of petals, forms of stipules and size it, shape of the leaves, margins, size and shape of pod as well as color seeds, surface and volume of taxonomic importance of clear and significant in the diagnosis and isolation of species.Studied the anatomical characteristics of each stems, petioles, leaves and venation to species of genera under study, it was stem and transvers section forefront of the anatomical study from the rest of the other parts.The cross sections of the leaves blades showed taxonomic importance in terms of blade thickness and the number of rows to intrafascicular bundle and the number of bundles in each row and thick it possible could be diagnosis of genera species, normal epidermis cells and stomatal type to leaves exchange also studied increased the important qualities in diagnosis, also studied the anatomical characteristics of petioles, and the transvers section had taxonomic importance could be through the divided of species on four groups depending on what it had helped to diagnosed and isolate of species gender. It was a taxonomic key to the separation of the genera species under study and described four species of Melilotus and one species with two variety of Scorpiurus accurate and detailed description.

دراسة تاثير الذيفان حال الدم الفا المستخلص من بكتريا Echerichia.coli في فعالية واستجابة الخلايا المناعية == Study The Effect of The Alpha Hemolysin Toxin Extracted From Echerichia Coli In The Activity And Response of Immune Cells

Author name: وقار عدنان حمدان الكبيسي
Supervisor name: ذكرى عدنان جواد المسلماوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية محورين الاول الحصول على عزلات من بكتريا E.coli من المرضى المصابين بخمج السبيل البولي اذ تم الحصول على اربعة عزلات من بكتريا E.coli من مختبر الصحة العامة في كربلاء، وعزلة من بكتريا E.coli من براز شخص سليم من مستشفى الاطفال في كربلاء و| The isolation of E.coli bacteria from patients with urinary tract infection, Four isolates were obtained from the public health laboratory in Karbala, and isolation of E.coli bacteria from the feces from healthy person and S.aureus from the public health laboratory, on the basis of microscopic diagnosis and biochemical test isolates were confirmed diagnosis.This axis also included the investigation of the ability of four UTIs isolates to produce the toxin qualitatively on blood agar and measuring the diameters of hemolysis and quantitatively by measuring the amount of hemoglobin released from the RBCs.The toxin (hemolysin) was extracted from the most efficient isolate, after the cultivation in the chemically defined medum (CDM) The highest dilution gave hemolytic activity on blood cells 1/32 (320 units / ml), but after sedimentation, dialysis and freeze - drying found that (1 / 64) caused hemolysis of 50% of the blood cells compared to the standard curve.The results of this study, indicated that the role of the toxin (Hemolysin) in the pathogenecity and virulence of E.coli, lowered the lethal dose (LD50) of the bacteria which decreased from (107 × 3.16 cells / mL) to (106 × 2.34 cells / mL).The second axis included the study of the immune responce included : Studying the effect of the toxin on the immune cells isolated from the peritoneum of the mice through its effect on viability of these cells, using the concentrations of the toxin that showed the hemolytic activities (100, 90.70, 50.25) %, as well as determine the effect of the toxin on the phagocytosis S.aureus process in different periods The study found that the toxin effect on the immune cells depends on the concentration used.The low concentrations of the toxin, which showed hemolytic activity (25%) did not affect the viability of immune cells and their ability to phagocytosis where the results of the statistical analysis showed no significant difference (0.05 <p) in comparison with control, while high concentrations of the toxin showed effects on the viability of immune cells and on phagocytosis where statistical analysis significant difference (0.05> p) compared to control treatment, and the results showed that the effect of the toxin on the phagocytosis depended on the concentration and time, where phagocytic Index decrease with dose and time.It was estimated the level of cytokins (IL - 1B, IL - 2, IL - 6, TNF) in plasma were estimated for mice injected with sub lethal dose 50 (106) of the non hemolytic E.coli isolated from stool and another group which injected with LD50 of the toxin (25%) and a third group were injected with a mixture of bacteria the toxin in addition to the control group injected with normal saline, The level of cytokins during different periods of time (6, 12, 24, 48, 72) hour were estimated, where it was found that the sub LD50 of the non hemolytic E.coli had no effect on the level of TNF while sub LD50 of the toxin had no significant effect as well as the doses of the mixture in comparison with control treatment while the other cytokins, Results showed little rise in the level of IL - 1? in mice injected with non hemolytic bacteria and when the injection with sub LD50 as well as two doses mixture was large, as well as the case for IL - 2 and the IL - 6, but in different proportions, from this we conclude that the toxin stimulates the liberation of the IL - 1 and IL - 2 and the IL - 6 from immune cells, but does not affect the TNF.

دراسة مناعية لمستضد متعدد السكريد للفطر Aspergillus niger في الارنب == Immunological Study of Aspergillus Niger Polysaccharide Antigen In Rabbit

Author name: غدير كاظم عبود الخفاجي
Supervisor name: نداء شهاب حمد | فريال جميل عبد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت خلال هذه الدراسة 50 عينة تمثلت ب 25 عينة تربة و25 عينة قشع من اشخاص مصابين بالتدرن الرئوي والوافدين لمركز التدرن والامراض الصدرية في محافظة بابل خلال المدة المحصورة للفترة من تشرين اول 2013 ولغاية شباط 2014 تم خلالها عزل الفطر Aspergillus niger وبنس | fifty specimens were collected, 25 samples were collected from soil while the other 25 sample were collected from sputum of pateints with Tuberculosis, who admitted to thoracic diseases center in Babylon province in period October 2013 to Febreury 2014. Aspergillus niger Has been Isolated from these sample with 56% appearance in soil & 48% in sptum of TB pateints.these isolated were examined micro and macroscopically. purified Fungi was culture on potato dextrose broth, after incubation period polysaccharide antigen of A.niger cell wall was prepared for isolated from soil and TB patients suptum. Molish, protein and glucose test to provide that these antigen are polysaccharide, then immunuization of local rabbit of Orcyctalagus conninculus age 3 - 5 months & 1 - 1.5 Kg for males only (3 animals for each antigen) After the immunization period (one month) some of local and systemic immune response parameters (cellular and humoral) to test animals were studied and compared with control animals which immunized with normal saline. The results of study showed that the polysaccharide antigen isolated from these two strains lead to stimulate systemic humaral immune response which had been studied by using direct agglutination test for appendix immunoglobulin passive haemagglutination test (both were used to determined antibody titer), radialimmunodiffusion test in order to determine level of concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) and complement part (C3, C4). where The results of direct agglutination titer of animals immunized with polysaccharide antigen 128 and 1 for control animals and heamagglutination tests titer of animals immunized with polysaccharide antigen serum (2560). These results were higher compared with control group titer (10) and this is also true for immunoglobulin and concentration of IgG, IgM for immunized animals compared to control one. In addition to that The concentration of C3 and C4 had been increased in immunized animals compared to the control. cellular immunological response had been measured by using rabbit Neutrophil Elastase Kit. The eresult show an increase in the level of phagocytosis in animals immunoized with polysaccharide antigen isolated from A.niger cell wall of TB pateints 0.37±0.03 pg/dl while decreased in animals immunoized with polysaccharide of soil A.niger 0.72294±0.25548pg/dl compared with control animals 0.6±0.16386 pg/dl. on the other hand the humaral adaptive immune response had been identified by measuring cytokine IL - 2, IL - 10 in serum rabbit, the level of IL - 2 in rabbit immunoized with polysaccharide antigen soure TB patients and soil is 5.4129±1.08979 and 4.2641±0.62997 pg/dl respectively compared with control animals 3.9327±0.55587 pg/dl. The level of IL - 10 had been dropped for immunized animals with A.niger of TB pateints and from soil 4.8762±1.15104 and 8.2632±4.31933 pg/dl while the control animals having the highest level 10.2576±5.23356 pg/dl among the groups. IgE concentration measured significant difference at p>0.05 in immunized animals of A.niger in both TB pateints and soil 1.1701±0.05811 and 1.0770±0.19355 ml/Iu compared with control where IgE0.8723±0.0849ml/Iu. Miotic index of bone morrow immunized and control animals show mean difference is signification at p>0.05.where the result demonstrate that the polysaccharide antigen fissed the bone marro cells compared to controlled one. In order to identify the viability of antigen in protection. challenge dose test made by injection animals with 108 spore/ml of A.niger conidia which prove their protection in immunized animals while the control animals undergo many morphological and behavioral changes after 5 - 7 days of their injection.I addition that the size of lung and spleen increased when compared with immunized one. The histological culture of lung and spleen of challenge test animals in order to identify the ability and speed of their body to evadicate and prevent infection, display that A.niger coloni appeared for control animals (6 rabbit) while disappeared in culture of immunized one. Skin test also performed to experimental animals which indicate that polysaccharide antigen of A.niger interact with hypersensitivity test of rabbit, where the level of late hypersenetivity increased clearly with propability of p>0.05 with the highest level after 24 hours of beginning test compared to controlled one.

دراسة بيئية وحياتية للمجتمع السمكي في نهر الفرات/ وسط العراق == Ecological and Biological Study of fish Community in Euphrates River / Middle of Iraq

Author name: ماهر محمد خضيري
Supervisor name: ميسون مهدي صالح الطائي | مؤيد جاسم ياس العماري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في نهر الفرات عند سدة الهندية خلال المدة من تشرين الاول 2012 لغاية ايلول 2013 لغرض دراسة بيئة وحياتية المجتمع السمكي، وتم اختيار موقعين، يقع الموقع الاول في شمال سدة الهندية، ويقع الموقع الثاني في جنوب سدة الهندية، وتضمنت الدراسة تاث | The Present study was carried out on the Euphrates River during the period from October 2012 to September 2013 to study ecology and biology of fish community in the river, two study sites were chosen the first one was in the north and the second one was in the south of Al - Hindiya dam.The study was included the effects of some physical, chemical factors of water and Al - Hindiya dam on ecological and biological of fish population as well as measurement of the concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phases of water and in the tissue of three types of freshwater fish that was high dominance in three age groups. Study of the number of species, individuals, Total of weight of individual. Some ecological indices were study as index of Relative abundance, Species Richness index and Shanon wiener index for determining the evaluate of biodiversity of fish. Also Jaccared index of similarity was used to explain the similarity between sites of study and among months. Constant index was used to determine the constancy of taxa. Biological study of this of three fish that have high dominance from the side of food, age, growth, sex ratio, gonado somatic index and length - weight relationships. Air temperature and water temperature were ranged in two study sites between (15 - 43.8) C? and (10 - 29) C? respectively, pH values were between (7.6 - 8.6), Water current velocity values were between (0.14 - 0.72) m/sec, light penetration values were between (27.3 - 193.3) cm, the value of electrical conductivity were between (822 - 1323) ? sem/cm , Total dissolved solid values were between (663.3 - 932) mg/L, while The total suspended solid were between (0.009 - 0.23) mg/L and the values of dissolved oxygen were ranged between (6.13 - 10.33) mg/L.The biological oxygen demand were recorded values that range between (0.68 - 4.3) mg/L. . The water of Euphrates river were considered slight alkaline according to the results of present study and ranged between (33.33 - 164.3) mg CaCO3/L and the water were very hard according to high values record for total hardness (391.6 - 886.6) mg CaCO3 /L, while the values of calcium and magnesium hardness were ranged between (86.1 - 188.4), (19.8 - 138) mg CaCO3/L respectively.The values of phosphate were ranged between (0.51 - 13.12) ?g/L and Nitrate values were ranged between (6.23 - 70.17) ?g/L, while the values of nitrite were ranged between (0.17 - 4.98) ?g/L. in especially, the effects of Al - Hindiya dam, the results were showed that numbers of species before and after of Al - Hindiya dam were ranged between (23 - 17) species respectively. the results were showed positive and negative correlation between physical, chemical properties of water and Heavy metals with number of species, individuals, weights and Biodiversity indices. This study showed that the mean concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) of the dissolved phase in water were (2.14, 1.61, 3.10, 7.63) ?g/L respectively and in the particulate phase were (33.99 112.87، 84.21، 21.12،) ?g/g dry weight respectively, the results of present study were showed that the concentration of heavy metals in water in dissolved and particulate phases within local and world limitations. The heavy metals in muscular tissue for three groups of this fish were ordered in as following : Zn >Mn > Pb > Cd. Twenty - three fish species were collected, (17) of them belonged to Cyprinidae family and two species belonged Bagridae family while only one species represented each family of Mugilidae, Siluridae, Mastacembelidae, Cichlidae, the number of species were ranged during the period of study between (5 - 18), The total number of individuals was 2401 individual and the number of individual were ranged monthly between (129 - 276) individual, while the total weight of individuals were 232868 gm during the period of study and The weight of individuals were ranged monthly between (13072 - 29598) gm. Carassius auratus wae recorded with the highest percentage in number and weight as 35.2% and 27.5% respectively. while A.vorax was after C.auratus in total number 13.6%, but it was after C.auratus and C.carpio in total weight 16.9% of the total individual weight. The values of species richness index were ranged between (0.79 - 3.23) and numerical of shanon wiener index values (Hn) were ranged between (1.26 - 2.39), while the weight of shanon wiener index value (Hb) were ranged between (1.21 - 2.35). the numerical and weight of eveness index (Jn) were ranged between (0.65 - 0.86), (0.68 - 0.89) respectively during the period of study. Jaccared similarity index were ranged between (23% - 92%). And the study was revealed that the most species recorded during the period of study were constant species according to constancy index. C. carpio fish were Omniovorous and It's feeding activity was ranged between (70% - 91.42%) and feeding intensity was (6.9 - 12.17) degree/fish.while C. auratus were detritious, It's feeding activity was ranged between (56.75% - 94.28%) and feeding intensity was (6.91 - 12.87) degree/fish. A. vorax were carnivorous and It's feeding activity values were ranged between (69.2% - 90.32%), while feeding intensity values were ranged between (6.85 - 13.03) degree/fish. The results was showed the values of age and length for C. carpio that ranged between (1 - 5) years, (9.7 - 40.2) cm , and C. auratus were ranged between (1 - 6) years, (8.3 - 28) cm, while A.vorax were ranged between (1 - 7) years, (10 - 62) cm respectively. Sex ratio and gonado - somatic index (GSI) varied between the three species, sex ratio of C.carpio (male : female) was 1 : 3.1. (GSI) for male was ranged between (2.21 - 12.02) and for female between (3.36 - 19.36).The sex ratio of C. auratus male : female was 1 : 1.9, GSI values for male was ranged between (0.89 - 8.53) and for females between (1.23 - 61.37). A.vorax sex ratio male : female 1 : 1.5, GSI value for male and female were ranged between (0.36 - 2.84) and (0.24 - 5.83) respectively.Variation of values of slope factor (b) were calculated from length - weight relationships for three species of fish, the values of (b) factor for C.carpio, C.auratus and A. vorax (3.08, 2.97, 2.92) respectively during the period of study

تشخيص طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية بتقنية تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل RT - PCR في محافظة واسط - العراق == Diagnosis of Trichomonas Vaginalis Using Real - Time Pcr Technique In Wasit Province - Iraq

Author name: رسل واسط كاظم
Supervisor name: عبد السادة عبد العباس راهي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: في الدراسة الحالية، نصف طريقة سلسلة تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل للكشف عن DNA محدد من طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية في الفحص السريع لتقنية الوقت الحقيقي لسلسلة تفاعل البلمرة. وتقييم مدى انتشار داء المشعرات وفقا مع دراسة العوامل المختلفة التي تؤثر على داء المشعرات الم | This study was involved the describe of an existing PCR method for specific detection of Tichomonas vaginalis DNA into a rapid real - time PCR assay, and to evaluated the recent prevalence of trichomoniasis accordance with studying different factors that affect on vaginal trichomoniasis in females complaining of vaginal discharge.Vaginal swab samples were collected from 401 patients attending two public hospitals and three private clinic in the Al - Kut city. Demographic data, clinical and socioeconomic status were collected from the patients using a structured questionnaire. Total genomic DNA was isolated from 60 samples of vaginal swab randomly chosen to specific detection of T. vaginalis DNA into a rapid real - time PCR.All samples were examined by the direct microscopic examination (wet mount and Giemsa - stained smear). Their ages were ranging from 14 - 63 years. The vaginal swabs examined by wet mount and Real Time - PCR to detect the presence of T. vaginalis. The pH strips were used to detect the vaginal acidity.Of the 60 women, 13 were positive by Real Time - PCR giving the prevalence rate of (21 67%) with sensitivity, specificity and accurate rate 100% and the direct microscopic examination (wet mount and Giemsa - stained smear) show 5/60 (8.33%) positive case while 55/60 (91.67%) gave a negative result with a sensitivity and specificity, and accuracy (38.5%) (100%) (86.7%).Women aged (24 - 33)years had significantly higher prevalence of trichomoniasis (46.1%) than other age groups.Married women had the highest percentage of trichomoniasis (76.9%), comparing with widowed women (7.7%) and divorced women (15.4). With statistical significant difference between these groups. Uneducated women had significantly higher rate of T.vaginalis infection (76.9%) than educated women (23.1%). Statistical significant difference was detected between these groups.Pregnant women showed a higher infection rate 7(53.8%) than non - pregnant 6 (46.2%).Women with vaginal pH (6 - 7), (5 - 6) had significantly higher rate of infection (53.8% and 38.5%) respectively.Women who used (loop and the oral contraceptive pills) contraception had the lower rate of infection(23.1%) than those not using any contraception (67.9%). Statistical significant difference was detected between these two groups.The highest percentage 2(66.67%) was found among women with T. vaginalis who used contraception for >2 years.The higher percentage of infected with T. vaginalis parasite was found in bad odor or fish odor vaginal discharge which was noted (76.9%) of infected women with T. vaginalis. Statistical significant difference was detected between these groups. Women with Frothy discharge color showed higher significantly percentage of infection 7(53.8%) than other with Yellow to green and bloody discharge and Clear discharge 3(23.1%), 2(15.4%) and 1(7.7) respectively.Multipara women revealed the highest rate of trichomoniasis (46.15%). No statistical significant difference was detected between infection and parity.T.vaginalis was more commonly seen in women with frequency of sexual intercourse 2 - 3 time per week 5 (50%) cases. The lowest incidence was detected among those who had sexual intercourse once per month 1 (10%), with statistical significance among these variables. T.vaginalis was found to be predominant among housewives (69.23%) than employees (30.77%).Fertilizing women were showed higher 9(69.2%) T. vaginalis infection than non - fertile women 4(30.8%).The high incidence of T.vaginalis infection was found among rural females 8 (61.5%), followed by urbanized females 5 (38.5%).

الكشف عن الجينات المقاومة للكاربابنيم لبكتريا Acinetobacter baumannii المعزولة من عينات سريرية في محافظة بابل == Detection of Carbapenem - Resistant Genes of Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Clinical Samples In Babylon Province

Author name: رعـد عبد العباس حمزة الهرموش
Supervisor name: ايمان محمد جار الله
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: للفترة من اذار 2014 الى اذار 2015 تم جمع 1300 عينة سريرية مختلفة (عينات ادرار ومسحات جروح وحروق وعينات دم ومسحات من الفم والاذن والعيون بالاضافة لعينات البراز والقشع) من اثنين من مستشفيات محافظة بابل (مستشفى الحلة التعليمي ومستشفى بابل التعليمي للنسائية و| During the period between March 2014 and March 2015, a total of 1300 clinical specimens (urine, wounds, burns, blood, throat, ear, eye, stool, and sputum) were collected from two hospitals in Babylon province; Al - Hillah Teaching Hospital, and Babylon Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric. All specimens were cultured and 10 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were obtained from clinical specimens in a percentage of (0.76%) distributed in blood 1 (0.6%), urine 2 (1%), wound infection 1 (0.75%), burn 5 (0.85%) and throat 1 (2%). This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates obtained from Hillah hospitals. Isolates were identified according to API20E system and further confirmed using PCR technique. Antibiotics susceptibility was assayed by using disks diffusion method according to CLSI recommendations. All isolates revealed positive results with rapid iodometric test indicting the ability of beta lactamase production. Phenotypic detection of carbapenemase production was performed using the imipenem - EDTA disk and modified Hodeg's test (MHT). Then isolates were subjected to monoplex PCR targeting blaOXA - 51, blaOXA - 23, blaOXA - 24, blaOXA - 58, blaIMP, blaSIM blaNDM - 1, blaNDM - 2 and blaVIM genes, as well as, efflux pumps genes. One of the identified isolates (10%) was found to be imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem resistant, this isolate gave positive result with the imipenem - EDTA disk and (60%) of isolates were positive to MHT. PCR experiments showed ; all isolates were harbored blaOXA - 51 gene, four (40%) isolates were harbored blaOXA - 23 gene, three (30%) isolates were harbored blaOXA - 24 gene, four (40%) isolates were harbored blaOXA - 58 gene, five (50%) isolates were harbored blaIMP gene, six (60%) isolates were harbored blaSIM gene, two (20%) isolates were harbored blaNDM - 1 gene, four (40%) isolates were harbored blaNDM - 2 gene, while none of these isolates harbored blaVIM gene. The present findings suggest that emergence of (OXA - 23, OXA - 24, OXA - 58, IMP, SIM, NDM - 1, NDM - 2) carbapenemase producing A. baumannii clinical isolates in Hillah City hospitals. Also there are indicative appearance of efflux pump genes ; (50%) for Ade - A and Ade - B each other, (40%) for Ade - C, (80%) for all of Ade - R and Ade - S, (100%) for all of Ade - I and Ade - J, and (50%) for Ade - Y. All isolates of A. baumannii appear as MDR, while only one appear to be as PDR. The trans - mobility of resistant genes was examined by trans - conjugation experiment ; the results indicated that only blaIMP and blaOXA - 23 genes were transferred horizontally in the current study. In attempting to investigate any blaNDM gene variation the results showed some different than NCBI - Blast A. baumannii blaNDM - 1 and blaNDM - 2 it may as a unique genotyping.These results revealed that carbapenemase producing A. baumannii were detected in both phenotypic and genotypic methods (PCR). This underlies the importance of their accurate identifications and reporting to prevent the emergence of complete resistance to the most potent drugs against A. baumannii in Babylon province.

دراسة تصنيفية لعويلة الخنافس البرغوثية Alticinaeمن عائلة Chrysomelidae ورتبة غمدية الاجنحة Coleoptera في بعض محافظات العراق == Taxonomic Study On The Flea Beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Alticinae) In Some Provinces of Iraq

Author name: رغد عـبيد خضير
Supervisor name: سعدون ابراهيم اسماعيل
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناول البحث لهذه الرسالة دراسة تصنيفية لعويلة الخنافس البرغوثية Alticinae في بعض محافظات العراق، علما ان هذه العويلة لم تدرس تصنيفيا في العراق.اختير النموذج Longitarsus ballotae Marsham. لتجسيد صفات العويلة. ولقد درست الاجزاء الرئيسة للجسم وهي الراس والص | The Subject of thesis is a taxonomic study of Subfamily Alticinae in some provinces of Iraq. Knowing that this Subfamily has not been studied taxonomically in Iraq.Was chosen as the model for Longitarsus ballotae Marsham. To embody the gualities of the Subfamily. The detailed study of the head, thorax, abdomen and their appendages was made to evaluate the reliability of the external characters in classifying the species of the Subfamily.There are eight genera and thirteen species for these Subfamily The species are : - Altica deserticola Weise.Aphthona fuentei Reitter.Aphthona sp. Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger.Chaetocnema persica Baly. Epitrix atropae Foudras.Hermaeophaga ruficollis Lucas.Longitarsus ballotae Marsham.Longitarsus membranaceus Foudras.Longitarsus reichei Allard. Longitarsus succineus Foudras.Phyllotreta nemorum Linnaeus.Podagrica fuscicornis Linnaeus.6 Species Register in Iraq are : - Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger.Epitrix atropae Foudras. Longitarsus succineus Foudras.Longitaarsus membranaceus Foudras.Podagrica fuscicornis Linnaeus.Two species Taxonomic keys were designed and developed to is olate the genera of Subfamily Alticinae, sa wellas the genera mentioned and studied in this thesis for each species.

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Streptococcus spp المسببة لالتهاب اللوزتين من الاطفال وتاثير بعض عزلات بكتريا حامض اللبنيك عليها == Isolation And Identification of Streptococcus Spp Caused Tonsillitis From Children And The Effect of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lab) Strains On It

Author name: رند ثائر عبد اللطيف
Supervisor name: ندى صباح رزوقي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: بحثت الدراسة جمع 100 مسحة من اطفال مصابين بالتهاب اللوزتين الحاد والمزمن ممن راجعوا استشارية الانف والاذن والحنجرة في مستشفى اليرموك التعليمي للمدة مابين كانون الاول للعام 2013 ولغاية اذار للعام 2014. وكانت نتيجة الزرع المختبري موجبة في 67 مسحة منها وبالا | In this study 100 swabs were collected from infected children with acute and chronic tonsillitis who attended at Al - Yarmook Teaching Hospital (Eear Nose Tonsils consultation clinic) from December 2013 until March 2014. The result of laboratory culture were positive in 67 samples. Depending on their cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates : (37.31%) of them were identified as Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and the diagnosis is confirmed by the use of Remel Rapid STR System. Whereas (34.33%) belong to S.parasanguinis, (11.94%) S.mitis, (11.94%) S.oralis and (4.48%) S.thoraltensis were identification of them are confirmed by using Vitek - 2 System also. As well as Sensitivity test for S.pyogenes cultures for some of the antibiotics done and the results revealed that all cultures were sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol drugs 100%, while it was different in their sensitivity for other drugs. According to age (2 - 13) years revealed the highest percentage of infection for both male and female, however the percentage of acute and chronic tonsillitis was higher in males than females. In this study, during investigation of the antagonist action of lactic acid bacterial isolates against these pathogenic bacteria, results revealed that the method of L.acidophilus discs gave a high inhibition zones with a diameter of 11.3 mm, while L.fermentum discs yielded a high inhibition zones with a diameter of 7 mm 24 hrs following incubation in comparison with well diffusion method by using suspension of L.acidophilus produced a high inhibition zones with a diameter 7.25 mm 48 hrs after incubation. L.fermentum suspension produced a high inhibition zones with 10 mm diameter 24 hrs following incubation. Also the study included measurement of the inhibition activity for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus bacteria against the pathogenic bacteria S.pyogenes on nutrient agar by well diffusion method in which results revealed stability of the bacteriocins effects under different PH (4, 5, 6) with percent (100, 60, 50)% respectively for 24 hrs at higher stability and the highest stability of bacteriocins during PH was 4 with percent 100%, while it lost a lot of its activity with acidic PH less than 2 and basal pH more than 8. During the study the effect of Nacl, Kcl and MgSo4 with different concentrations (1 - 5%) with constant inhibitory effect for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus against pathogenic S.pyogenes, The result revealed that Nacl had little effect in inhibition zone with 1&2% concentrations. The salt MgSo4 and Kcl showed reduction in the inhibitory activity with 1, 2, 3% concentration, however the higher concentration of salt caused great reduction as 5% concentration led to loss of inhibitory activity for bacteriocins completely.Also this study showed light on the inhibitory effect of probiotics suspensions against the adhesion property of S.pyogenes after treated with L.acidophilus and L.fermentum.where the Result shown that L.acidophilus inhibit the adhesion of S.pyogenes with percent 68.92% either L.fermentum inhibit the adhesion of this pathogenic bacteria to epithelial cell with percent 30.28%. The study is consisted of showed the inhibitory action for suspensions of L.acidophilus and L.fermentum on biofilm formation by S.pyogenes, it was noticed the action of L.acidophilus in the side more than from the action of L.fermentum. During the study of the effect of suspension and filter of L.acidophilus and L.fermentum on the production of Hemolysin enzyme by S.pyogenes, it was noticed that the ability of suspension belong to L.acidophilus and L.fermentum to reduce the diameter of hemolysis zone which was beta type more than the ability of filter L.acidophilus and L.fermentum to reduce of the hemolysis zone which was beta type.

توصيف العاثيات الحالة للمكورات العنقودية الجلدية (S. epidermidis) == Characterization of Lytic Phage Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Author name: ريام سليم هندي الزيادي
Supervisor name: غانم عبود جابر المولى
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لحصول على عزلات Staph. epidermidisتم جمع (160 عينة) من حالات سريرية مختلفة كالتهاب المجاري البولية, التهابات جلدية, البلعوم, الانف, والاذن. تم الحصول على 51 (875¸31?) عزلة للمكورات العنقودية الجلدية Staph. epidermidis خلال فترة امتدت من ايلول 2014 الى كان | In order to isolate Staph. epidermidis, 160 clinical specimens were collected from (urinary tract infection, skin infection, pharynx, nose, and ear). Only 51(31.875 %) Staph. epidermidis isolates were obtained during a period from September 2014 to January 2015, depending on some biochemical tests and VITEK2 system. The Staph. epidermidis was given (gram stain, catalase , urase) positive, (coagulase, manital fermentation, oxidase, motility) negative, non haemolytic to human blood with some exception, most of the strain were able to produce biofilm, and (100%), (64.70%), (74.50%) resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin respectively. The Staphylococcus species identified during study were 44 (27.5%) isolates of Staph. aureus, 5 (3.125 %) Staph. haemolyticus, 4 (2.5 %) Staph. saprophyticus, 8 (4%) isolates other Staphylococcus spp. such as Staph. hominis ssp. hominis, Staph. capatis, Staph. xylose, Staph. simulanus, Staph. lentus, and 48 (30 %) from unknown genera. To isolate bacterioghages from sewage water, several sewage water samples were assayed using plaque assay of double agar overlay as a source of Staph. epidermidis phages. The bacteriophages were described depending on plaques size and shapes, phage 1 was the most predominant and frequent in the bacterial lawn and able to infect other S. species such as S. aureus. It has been selected to study it is titer, latent, rise period, and burst size were calculated. The effect of temperature, pH , and NaCl ions on it is original titer were studied.The results revealed a gradual decreasing in the phage titer with increasing dilution number. Latent period extended to (30 minutes) , while rise period was started with (40 minutes) extending to (60 minutes) , burst size was 2.346. Each temperature at several incubation periods , pH , and NaCl ions was significantly varied depending on phage titer. The optimum temperature was 40 ° C, while the 80 ° C was represented the inhibitor temperature. L.S.D. at level (0.05) for interaction was 39.552. The pH 6.5 - 7.5 represented the optimal pH for the best phage activity while the phage titer beginning to declining in above and below this range of optimal pH, L.S.D. at level 0.05 was 17.898 , the optimum NaCl ions concentrations were (0.1 M and 0.25 M), while the titer was significantly decreased with increasing the NaCl ion concentration in the culture solution, the L.S.D. at level 0.05 was (10.696). In conclusion of this study found that Phage1 was considered as predominant phage because of their ability to infect other Staphylococci species such as Staph. aureus.

الخصائص التشريحية والتصنيفية لانواع مختارة من ذوات الفلقتين البرية النامية في محافظة ديالى == Anatomical And Taxonomical Attributes of Wild Dicots Selected Spesies In Diyala Pravince

Author name: ضفاف خليل سلام البدري
Supervisor name: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي | محمود شاكر رشيد الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لعشرة انواع مختارة من العائلات المختلفة لذوات الفلقتين. النامية في مناطق الصدور والسوامرة وطريق العظيم، التابعة لمحافظة ديالى، والانواع هي : - Centaurea bruguieriana (Dc.)Hand.Mzt. 1.Onopordon acanthium Eig. 2.Ero | Ten wild selected species belong to different Dicots families were anatomically comparative studied. These species grown wildly in Sudoor, Suwamra, and Kallis _Udaim way of Diyala province, as follows : Centaurea bruguieriana (Dc.)Hand.Mzt. 1.Onopordon acanthium Eig. 2.Erodium glaucophyllum (L.) L' Her. 3.Eruca sativa Mill. 4.Matthiola longipetala (Vent.)Dc. 5.Psylliostachys spicata (willd.) Neaski 6.Ranunculus cornutus DC. 7.Rumex cyprius Murb. 8.Scabiosa palaestina L. 9.Verbena officianlis L. 10. The research concentrated on the anatomical comparative characters for the first time in Iraq. These characters regarded as a Diagnostics for these species. Epidermis with its variable cells and stomatal complexes were investigated, so as for venation in leaves, mesophyll and vascular bundles. According to the above characters the species were divided in to groups. This work was determined the distinguish characters of the petiols, midribs of leaves, in addition to the anatomical information of stemes, roots and different kinds of indumentum and glands which were aided to separate these species. The variable anatomical results were important and were assisted the morphological ones. Field photographs for the specimens, schedules were given, and the results were also discussed according to the environments of the Taxa studied.

دراسة نسجية مقارنة بين عضلات الصدر والارجل في نوعين من الطيور الطائرة وغير الطائرة في عمرين مختلفين == Comparative Histological Study Between Pectoralis And Leg Muscles In Flying And Running/Walking Birds In Two Different Ages

Author name: تغريد حامد عبد الامير
Supervisor name: هاشم محمد عبد الكريم العلاق
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة عددا من العضلات الهيكلية في نوعين من الطيور الطائرة (الحمام) وغير الطائرة (الدجاج). العدد الكلي للطيور المستعملة 30 طائرا, 15 من الدجاج و15 من الحمام تمت دراسة بعض الخصائص الفسلجية والنسيجية للالياف العضلية الحمر والبيض والوسطية وحساب | This study deals with a number of skeletal muscles in two types of birds ; flying (pigeon) and running (chicken) types. The total number of the studied birds was 30; 15 were chicken and 15 were pigeons. Some of the physiological and histological characteristics of the muscle fibers (red, white, and intermediate) , the percentage of fibers diameter in the studied muscles, and the change noted in the muscle weight with advancing age had been calculated. The species of the chicken in this study was Gallus domesticus , while the species of the pigeons was Columba livia domestica. The muscles that is used in the study were : pectoralis muscle, femortibialis, triceps, biceps brachii, extensor carpi radialis muscle, and gastrocnemius muscles in two age groups of birds; (3 - 6) months and (6 - 12) months in order to know the changes in the weights, numbers, diameters, and sizes of the muscle fibers that occur with advancing age. The aim of this study is to identify the three types of the muscle fibers their role in the muscle movement and the regions in which there is specific type rather than others. The results had shown that the skeletal muscles in birds consist of heterogenous mixture of the three types of muscle fibers (red, white, and intermediate) , and the white muscle fibers are the predominant type in the pectoralis muscle of both types of birds, and the size of white muscle fibers in the pectoralis muscle in the chickens in the first age group was 73.8%, and in the second age group was 82.9%. While in pigeons, the size of white muscle fibers was 75.5% in the first age group, and 75.4% in the second age group. In addition, the present study deals with the relationship between the muscles weights and the age of the bird in that the muscles show increased weight with advancing age in both types of birds and there were significant differences in muscles weight in both age groups (p?0.05), while the triceps muscle did not show significant difference regarding weight between the two age groups in the same type of birds. The results of the study also show the differences in the diameter of the muscle fibers, that is there was continuous increase in the diameters with advancing age and show significant differences (p?0.05) , but regarding pectoralis muscle there was no significant differences in diameters with advancing age in both types of birds. The results of the study also show that the pectoralis muscle was the largest muscle in the body of the bird, and the ratio of its weight to the total body weight was relatively large.

تاثير الري بالماء المعالج مغناطيسيا في نمو وحاصل الحنطة Triticum aestivum L == Effect of Irrigation With Magnetic Treated Water On Growth And Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Author name: فاضل كاظم كريم الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: ثامر خضير مرزة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجربة في حقل تابع للمعهد الفني - الكوفة شمال غرب محافظة النجف لموسم النمو (2012 - 2013) بهدف معرفة تاثير نوعية مياه الري وشدة معالجتها مغناطيسيا لثلاثة اصناف من حنطة الخبز Triticum aestivum L. في مؤشرات النمو الخضري والزهري والكيميائي والانتاجي.ص | An experiment was conducted in a field belonging to the Technical Institute - Kufa north west of Najaf governorate during the season of the year (2012 - 2013) to determine the effect of irrigation water quality and intensity of magnetically treated to three cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on vegetative growth, flowering, chemical and productive indicators.The experiment was designed randomized complete blocks (RCBD) arrangement Split split - plots and three replicatesfor each treatment. Experiment included study three factors is the quality of irrigation water (river water or well water) - Main plot, wheat bread varieties (IPAA - 99, Rashid and Tamuze - 2) - Sub - plot and magnetic treatment to irrigation water four intensities is (0, 750, 1500 and 3000) Gauss - Sub - sub - plot. The Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) at 0.05 probability was used to compare treatment means, whenever treatments affects were evident.Results showed : 1 - Wheat plants irrigated with river water were superior in all parameters in forms of plant height, leaves number, leaf area, tillers number; productive and non - productive, root length, lateral root length of the plant, leaves content from total chlorophyll, dry weights for plant vegetative, phosphorus% in grains, grains weight of spike, spike number of plant and m2, weight of 1000 grain, plant yield of grains, m2 yield of grains, hectare yield of grains per hectare compare to plants irrigated with well water, which recorded the highest chemical content of grains from nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, protein and carbohydrates percentages. The percentage of flowering, spikes length, spikes grains number were superior in the beginning with the well water, were superior at the end with river water.2 - Magnetic treatment with irrigation water by 1500 gauss revealed that noticeable superior was obtained in most of plants vegetative and floral characteristics, while the chemical characteristics had increased with magnetic water treatment by 3000 gauss and yield characteristics treated with 750 gauss. The effect of magnetic water treatment on leaves content from total chlorophyll and magnesium percentage in grains was negative.3 - The majority of vegetative, chemical and productivity parameters was increased with Rashid plants cultivar compared to same parameters for Tamuze - 2 plants cultivar which superior than IPAA - 99 plants cultivar except number of leaves, tillers number and spike grains number which superior with IPAA - 99 plants cultivar.4 - The triple interaction between experiment all factors revealed a significant effect on magnetized river water at 1500 gauss in Rashid and Tamuz - 2 plants cultivars giving highest vegetative growth indicators average which increased on plant yield with low magnetic water treatment (750 gauss) to Rashid plants cultivars and medium strongly (1500 gauss) for Tamuz - 2 plants cultivars, while the characteristics of grains chemical content were superior with same plants cultivars but magnetized treatment well water at 3000 gauss.

دراسة تشريحية لبشرة اوراق بعض اجناس العائلة المركبة Compositae (Asteraceae) في جامعة القادسية == Anatomical Study of The Leaves Some Genus Compositae (Asteraceae) In Al - Qadisiyah University

Author name: فرقد حيدر عبد النبي المحنة
Supervisor name: ازهار عبد الامير سوسة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لصفات البشرة للاوراق بعض الاجناس التابعة للعائلة المركبة (Compositae) وهذه الاجناس هي Aster L. و.Calendula L وDendranthema L. و.Helianthus L و.Lactuca L و.Launaea L و.Tagetes L, وتبين ان لبعض الصفات التشريحية اهمية | The present research includes comparative anatomical study epidermis of some genera which belong to sun flower family (Compositae) These genera are Aster L., Calendula L., Dendranthema L., Helianthus L., Lactuca L., Launaea L. and Tagetes L. , and show that details anatomical the importance of taxonomic possible from isolation genuses more each adjective undulate the walls vertical epidermis the leaves, and we show some importand for indumentum suchas T - shape eglandular haire in Dendranthema L. species

التحري عن جينات المقاومة لبعض المضادات في Candida spp. المسببة لداء المبيضات == Detection On Resistant Genes To Some Antifungal In Candida Spp. That Causing Candidiasis

Author name: رجاء علي حبيب ظاهر الخزاعي
Supervisor name: علي حمود السعدي | نيران عبيد جاسم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تم جمع 107 عينة من حالات سريرية مختلفة شملت 36 مسحة فموية من اطفال مصابين بالسلاق الفموي, 32 مسحة مهبلية من النساء المصابات بداء المبيضات المهبلي و39 عينة بولية من اشخاص مصابين بالتهاب المجاري البولية (راجعوا مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي العام ومستشفى النسائ | The present study was aimed to determine ERG11 - 2 that responsible for resistance to some antifungal agents in candida spp. Atotal of 107 samples were obtained fromdifferent clinical cases included(36 oral swabs from children suffering from oral thrushwho attending Al - Dewaniya Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in AL - Diwaniya, 32 vaginal swabs from women suffering from vaginal candidiasis who attending clinics in AL - Diwaniya, 39 urine samples from individuals suffering from urinary tract infection who attending Al - Dewaniya Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in AL - Diwaniya) and 25 samples from sewage water as a control samples in the molecular study.The result of morphological and biochemical tests showed For pathogenic samples that 83(77.5%) isolate of candida spp. Included 36/31(86.1%) from oral samples, 32/28 (75%) from vaginal swabs, 28/39 isolates (71.7%) from urine samples while the result of non - pathogenic samples revealed that 20 (80%) isolate of candida spp. Detecting of, ERG11 - 2 resistant gene was done by RealTime - PCR technique. Results showed that all isolates 31 (100%) were carrying ERG11 - 2 that responsibe of resistance in candida to some antifungal, Did not record any isolated from control samples from sewage water which amounted to (9) the ERG11 - 2 resistant

دراسة جرثومتي السالمونيلا والشيكلا المعزولة من حالات سريرية في مدينة الديوانية وتاثيرهما على معايير دم المرضى

Author name: هبة اركان فنطيل الحسناوي
Supervisor name: علي عبد رحيم الناشي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: Salmonella is a bacteria and Shigella types of intestinal bacteria, and because of the seriousness of the pathogenicity and the spread of infection in their environment has been conducting this study.Collected during the current study, 462 different clinical sample (feces and urine) of adults aged 20 years and older and those with symptoms of the bacteria Salmonella and Shigella and both sexes reviewers for laboratories and hospitals in the city of Diwaniya, for the period from 2012 \ 11 \ 6 to 2013 \ 5 \ 26. Diagnosed isolates based on phenotypic traits and AGRO tests biochemical in addition to diagnosis by Api20E system as isolates Salmonella reached 17 isolation and by 3.6% and were all belonging to the type S.typhi, either isolates bacteria Shigella was three isolates and 0.64%, and all of them belong to the type of Sh. Flexneri. The incidence of bacteria S.typhi for the male sex was higher than in females, Ozbulg number of infected males and 10 by 58.8%, while the number Fayalnads was infected 7 and by 41.1%, but for bacteria to Sh. flexneri, as was the incidence in males is also higher than in females as in males reached 2 and by 66.6%, while the number of infected females in bringing only one injury and 33.3%. Were more age groups injury is a class 20 - 29 where recorded 9 injuries and by 52.9% and the number of infected males 6 The number of cases in females 3 injuries, age group 30 - 39 recorded 5 injuries and by 29.4 and were two goals in the male and three injuries in females, the age category 40 - 49sgelt two goals by 11.9% and the injury was confined to males either category above 50 years and one injury recorded only in females and 5.8%, either in bacteria Sh. flexneri was the only injury in the 20 - 29 age group and by three injuries. The more isolated the proportion of bacteria S.typhi in the month of May and April as recorded 4 isolates each, and by 23.5%, while giving the lowest ratio for the presence of bacterial during the months of December and January, as recorded isolation and one each of these two months and 5.8% either November remaining months February, March was the number of isolates in 3, 2, 2, respectively, and 15%, 17.6%, 11.7, 11.7%, respectively, as well, either for the bacteria Sh. flexneri as Bulgtaaly proportion of injury in the month of May was the number of isolates 2 and by 66.6% during the month of April either recorded a hit single Vqtobnsph 33.3% did not notice any injury to the other months of the study. Tested the sensitivity of the isolates S.typhi and Sh.flexneri direction antibiotics used as 8 used antibiotics in common use in this study show that the bacteria were sensitive S.typhi 100% Anti Ciprofloxacin, but resisted antibiotics Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Nalidixicacid, Gentamicin, Ceftriaxone at a rate of 82.3%, 82.3%, 76.4%, 70.5%, 64.7%, 23.5%, 23.5% respectively. The bacteria Sh.flexneri was 100% sensitive to antibiotics Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Nalidixic acid, Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone while it was resistant to antibiotics Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin by 66.6% each. Been investigating some of the virulence of the bacteria S.typhi factors, including the presence of the portfolio Capsule as were all Salmonella isolates characterized by possessing the portfolio, while the production of the enzyme protease Protase was all isolates S.typhi producing this enzyme also showed 12 isolation of the ability to produce the enzyme Lipase and increased by 70.5%, but all isolates were S.typhi unproductive enzyme protease. The bacteria Sh.flexneri marked by Azltan of three Azladtha and by (% 66.6) viability link red dye Congo also showed 2 of these isolates and by (66.6) ability to form thin membrane (Pellicle) and two Aezzltan which have demonstrated susceptibility to adhesion was isolated one of them only possess cilia first pattern type 1. The research covered also study the changes that occur in some of the blood parameters in people infected with the bacterium Salmonella Heclauzar that there is a decrease in the total number of red blood cells Red blood cells in people infected with Salmonella, where the total number of blood cells Reds reached 4.91 x 106 c \ ml total number of cells rate 3.7 white blood x 103c \ ml the proportion of types of white blood cells of the total number of cells, the white was lymphocyte ratio lymphocytes% 52.55 which is low compared with the normal number, while there was an increase in both acidophilus cells Eosinophils and only Monocyte as she was represented 1.2%, 2.9% in November while it was% 0.03 Basophils cells, the highest percentage of increase in healthy people, and the amount of total hemoglobin rate. Hemoglobin9.07 g \ dl which is low compared with healthy peopleBut in people infected with bacteria Sh. Flexner, bringing the average number of red blood cells 106 c \ ml3.7 x, the lowest rate with the number of healthy people, as the amount of hemoglobin g \ dl13.5 rate, either the total number of white blood cells, the rate was slightly higher than what is found in healthy people Azbulg (11.32 x 103c \ ml), it was noted that most of the increase was high in the white blood cells of the type Neutrophils the increase amounted to 62.34%

تاثير الكثافة النباتية ومستويات التسميد في نمو وحاصل اصناف مختلفة من نبات زهرة الشمس (Helianthus annuus L.) == Effect of Plant Density And Fertilization Levels In Growth And Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Cultivars

Author name: محمد سلمان كريم الزبيدي
Supervisor name: نجم عبد الله جمعة الزبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت تجربة حقلية في محطة ابحاث كلية الزراعة / جامعة ديالى اثناء العروة الربيعية للعام 2014 في تربة مزيجية غرينية, تمت الزراعة بتاريخ 2014/2/23. نفذت التجربة باستخدام تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة R.C.B.D وبنظام تجربة عاملية بتنظيم القطع المنشقة المنشق | This experimet was carried out in the experiments station of the Agriculture College/ University of Diyala in the spring season of 2014 in 23/2/2014, using silty loam soil. Experiment was on sunflower with a factorial experiment, a split split plot randomized compelete block design with three replications. This study included three factors, first the NPK fertilizer with three levels (0, 150, 300) Kg/h - 1 which were divided into two parts first 30 days after seeds germinated and the second 35 days after the first. The second factor was the plants density with three levels (66666, 80000, 100000) plants/h - 1 and the third factor three varieties of sunflower (Shemoos, Akmar, Euroflour) , and the important results obtained were : 1. The highest density level (100000) plants/h - 1 gave the highest results in most of the characters studied which were, head or disk diameter, plant yield, yield (ton / h - 1), fertility percentage, oil percentage in seeds, oil yield(ton / h - 1), and protien yield (ton / h - 1).2. Level of 150 Kg/ h - 1 of NPK fertilizer was the best in most of the characters which were head diameter, plant yield, yield (ton / h - 1), oil percentage, oil yield (ton / h - 1), protien percentage and protien yield (ton / h - 1).3. Shemoos variety exceeded other varaieties in leaf area, leaf area index, stem diameter, head diameter, 1000 seed weight, plant yield, yield (ton / h - 1), seeds number in head, oil yield (ton / h - 1), protien yield (ton / h - 1) , but it gave the highest number of days to flower and mature.4. The interaction (Shemoos variety X zero NPK) gave significant highest mean in number of days from planting date to 75% flowering.The interaction (Akmar variety X 150 Kg NPK / h - 1) gave the highest values in stem diameter, head diameter, lodging percentage, but the interaction (Shemoos variety X 300 Kg NPK / h - 1) gave the highest values in leaf area, leaf area index, and number of days from planting date to maturity.5. The interaction (Shemoos variety X 66666 plants per hectar) gave significant differences in number of seeds per head , 1000 seeds weight, one plant yield, and yield (ton / h - 1). The interaction (Akmar variety X 100000 plants/ h - 1) gave significant differences in fertility percentage.6. The interaction (150 Kg NPK / h - 1 X 66666 plants/ h - 1 ) gave the highest significant differences in all quality characters studied. 7. The interaction (Shemoos variety X150 Kg NPK / h - 1 X 100000 plants/ h - 1) gave the highest significant results in seeds yield, oil yield and protien yield.

دراسة التاثير الاليلوباثي لنبات اليوكالبتوس Eucalyptus sargentii في انبات ونمو بعض نباتات الزينة == The Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus Sargentii On Germination And Growth of Some Ornamental Plants

Author name: كوثر هاشم عبار الجاسمي
Supervisor name: مجيد كاظم عباس الحمزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت تجربتين, حقلية ومختبرية, لدراسة التاثير الاليلوباثي لمسحوق الاوراق الجافة او الطرية لنبات اليوكالبتوس ومستخلصاتها (المستخلص الايثانولي, الزيت, التربينات, القلويدات والفينولات) في الانبات وصفات النمو الخضري والزهري ومحتوى بعض العناصر المعدنية, السكري | Two experiments were carried out, field and laboratory experiment, to study the allelopathic effect of dry or fresh leaves and their extracts of Eucalyptus sp. on four ornamental plants; Calendula officinalis, Tagetes patula, Mathiola incana and Asteriscus graveolens Less. The two experiments were conducted at the field of College of Agriculture/Al - Qadisiya University during the period from 31/10/2012 to 14/3/2013. For the field experiment, dry and fresh leaves of Eucalyptus were used at the rate of 0, 2, 3, or 6 g dry leaves/Kg soil or at the rate of 0, 4, 8, or 12g fresh leaves/kg soil. Plant height, changes in height during plant life time - course, number of branches, number of flowers, and flower diameter were measured. In addition, chlorophyll content in leaves, anthocyanin in petals, dry weight, nitrogen percent, potassium and phosphorous content in leaves were also determined. For the laboratory experiment, ethanol extract, oil, terpenes, alkaloid, and phenols extracted from Eucalyptus leaves at different concentrations were used. Seed germination, coefficient velocity of germination, plumule and radical length, sugar, protein, melanodialdehyde, glutathione and proline content were evaluated. The results were as follow : 1. Ethanolic extract was negatively affect the percent and coefficient velocity of germination in addition to plumule and radicle length. The reduction in these parameters was greater at the highest concentration of the extract, especially in Calendula officinalis. 2. Treatment with oil extracted from Eucalyptus leaves caused a significant reduction in percent and coefficient velocity of germination, plumule and radical length. 3. Terpenes, alkaloids or phenols treatments at different concentrations resulted in significant reduction in percent and coefficient velocity of germination, plumule and radical length. The reduction was increased as the concentration of the treatments increased. 4. Plant height decreased significantly due to the treatment with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves, the reduction in plant height increased as the concentration of the treatment increases in all plants except Asteriscus graveolens plant which showed that the small concentrations of both treatments. It was close to ward in an increase in plant height. 5. Number of branches also significantly decreased when ornamental plants treated with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves; the Calendula officinalis plant was the most affected. 6. For the changes in ornamental plants height, as a result of treatment with dry or fresh leaves of Eucalyptus, during life time - course, it was clear the growth curve was close to the S - shape growth curve with obvious significant differences for most treatments compare to control. 7. Dry weight percent was significantly affected in all ornamental plants when they treated with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves, If decreased with the concentration of the treatments increased. 8. It was obvious that treatment with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves resulted in significant reduction in flower number and flower diameter. Number of flowers decreased as the concentration of the treatments increased. on the other hand, flower was diameter increased as the concentration of the treatments increased, but in both cases it was less than the control. All one obvious that reducing significant in flower diameter, It was reducing great in low levels. 9. Chlorophyll content was also decreased in leaves, while anthocyanin content in petals was increased when the ornamental plants treated with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves. 10. Nirogen percent, phosphorus and potassium content in leaves of the four ornamentals decreased when they treated with dry or fresh Eucalyptus leaves. 11. Using terpenes, alkaloids and phenols caused significant increase in sugar content in leaves of the ornamentals, reaching its highest values at the highest concentration of the terpenes. For protein content, it was gradually decreased as the terpens, alkaloids and phenols concentrations increased in Calendula officinalis. In Tagetes patula, protein content was noticeably increased with the increasing in concentrations of the treatments. 12. Malondialdehyde, glutathione and proline content increased significantly in Calendula officinalis and Tagetes patula plants when they treated with terpenes, alkaloids or phenols. 13. Interaction between treatments concentrations and kind of plants had significant effect on all parameters measured.

دراسة تركيبة الهائمات النباتية وعلاقتها بالظروف البيئية وبعض العناصر الثقيلة في مياه نهر الديوانية - العراق == A Study of Structural Phytoplankton And Their Relationship With The Environmental Conditions And Some Heavy Metals In Al - Diwaniya River /Iraq

Author name: نور ناظم جابر الميالي
Supervisor name: فؤاد منحر علكم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة تركيبة الهائمات النباتية وعلاقتها بالظروف البيئية وبعض العناصر النزرة في مياه نهر الديوانية, اذ جمعت عينات الدراسة (المياه والرواسب والهائمات النباتية) شهريا من ثلاث محطات على نهر الديوانية ابتداء من تشرين الاول 2012 ولغاية ايلول 2013، وشمل | This investigation was designated to study of structural of phytoplankton and its relationship with environmental conditions and some of heavy metal in AL - Diwaniya river, the samples were collected monthly for water, sediments and phytoplankton from October 2012 till September 2013, the study included the measurement of the temperature of air and water; Light penetration; salinity ;electrical conductivity ; T.S.S;T.D.S ;Turbidity; pH ;Oxygen Dissolved; Biological Oxygen Demand ;Chemical Oxygen demand ;Dioxide carbon ;AL - alkalinity; Hardness; Ca; Mg; and nutrients(nitrate; nitrite; phosphate) ; total organic carbon) and the study also included the measurement of some heavy metals (Cadmium, lead, copper, Zinc) in dissolved and particular parts of water and in sediment both exchangeable and residual parts and also studied the structure of phytoplankton quantity and quality.Results of the study showed that the temperature of air and water ranged between (15 - 43) ?C (13 - 33)?C respectively. It was found the light penetration ranged from (27.2 - 100), conductivity was (1264 - 1555)?S/cm, while the salinity was (0.80 - 0.99)%, pH was ranged between (7.37 - 7.82), while Turbidity was ranged between(43.6 - 59.02) NTU, total dissolve substances was (985 - 1411) mg/L while total suspend solid substances was (40 - 66) mg/l. The dissolved Oxygen was within the range of (6.3 - 8.26) mg/l, the biochemical and chemical Oxygen demand was (1.19 - 3.08) mg/l (12.4 - 38.01) mg/l respectively while dioxide carbon was ranged(80.5 - 134.2)mg/l.The study revealed that the river water was alkalinity and very hard, as the range of total alkalinity, total hardness, Calcium and magnesium was (131.5 - 227.4, 312.3 - 458.5, 86.4 - 142, 54.8 - 76.8) mg/ respectively, while the concentrations of the nutrients were showed fluctuated in concentrations, it was (102.6 - 558.4, 1.5 - 3.4, ND - 2.9) ?g/ for Nitrate, Nitrite and Phosphate respectively, total organic carbon was between (0.13 - 0.55) %Seven units were diagnosed during the period of study Bacillriophyceae; Chlorophyceae; Cyanophyceae; Euglenophycae; Dinophycae; Chrysophycae ;Cryptophyceae.Species number of phytoplankton that identified through study period were (134, 101, 96) in three sites respectively, and showed that dominance of Bacillriophyceae (diatoms) which was (71, 50, 46) species fallowed by Chlorophyceae (35, 25, 25) species then Cyanophycae (22, 18, 20) species, Euglenophycae (2, 5, 2) species and Dinophycae(2, 3, 1) species Chrysophycae (1, 0, 2) and finally Cryptophyceae (1, 0, 1)species in three sites respectively,. Generally the most common genera in study period are (Nitzschia, Surirella, Nivicula, Navicula, Syndra, Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Aphanocapsa, Microcystis, Cocconeis, ,).The total number of phytoplankton was low and ranged between (422.21 - 1027.82) cell ?103/l. This study determined means of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, pb, Cu) in dissolved part was (ND - 5, 4.07 - 29.8 ND - 6.89, 2.08 - 8. 71) ?g/l respectively, while particulate part was) 2.09 - 30.16, 44.87 - 372.17, 3.13 - 90.93, 27.41 - 88.20) ?g/g respectively The study revealed also that the concentrations of heavy metals in sedimentswas (ND - 12.71, 11.76 - 39.93, 0.55 - 6.12, 9.31 - 39.73), ?g/g of exchangeable parts and was (1.09 - 17.94, 39.21 - 172.30, 21.21 - 67.96, 33.96 - 76.63) ?g/g of residual parts respectively. The Statistical results showed there are morale differences between locations and seasons in relation to physical and chemical features, organic compounds, heavy metals and phytoplankton. There are negative and positive, morale correlations between phytoplankton and physical, chemical features and heavy metals that measured during study period at probability at the level of (p<0.05).

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض مراتب الجنس Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae في العراق == A Taxonomic Study of Some Taxa of The Genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae) In Iraq

Author name: علي طالب محمد الطائي
Supervisor name: مازن نواف عبود العاني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: “The current research dealed with fourteen taxa belonging to the genus Ranunculus L., Family Ranunculaceae that grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also were studied and the chemical compounds (Flavonoids), Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have been done. Also botanical key was puted to separate the Taxa”.“General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens in the Iraqi herbaria were studied after ensuring that it was correctly identified”. “Comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa including the roots, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts. Charts, diagrams, tables were drawn and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images that are important for the study. This study showed that all the taxa of the genus were herbs that are annual or perennial. There was agreat important for the roots, stems and there Indumentum, the presence orabsence of stipules, shape and size and margin of basal leaves and cauline leaves and leafy bract, the shape of sepals and their numbers and their Indumentum, the numbers and shape of Petals and their colors, the number of Stamens and the colors of Anthers, the shape of ovary and their indumentum, presence or absence of style as it was very useful for the taxonomic identification and separation of the studied taxa. As well as the fruiting parts including the length of fruiting peduncle, the fruiting receptacle, the fruiting head and its shapes and their dimensions, the number of Achene Fruitlets and their sizes, colors and Beak shape. Also the surface configuration of the fruitlets Surface has been studied by (SEM) as it wae either hairy or tuberculate - hairy or Transversely rugose or muricate or reticulate or reticulate - minutly rugose or granular or granular - hairy or granular - hairy tuberculate or spinulose”.“The study of the micro - morphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa”.“The study show that the pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because of their difference in shape, dimensions, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. It was either apolar which was spheroidal and pantoporate, or isopolar which has different shapes in the equatorial view it was spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal, it was either 3 - colpate, 4 - colpate or 5 - colpat.the colpate where either zonocolpate or syncolpate in the form of parasyncolpate. The ornamentation were verucate, echinateand scabrate”. “The chemical study also has an importance in separation of the genus taxa, six flavonoid compounds were diagnosed by using” HPLC wich are Kaempferol, Vitexin, Orientin, Quercetin, Iso - vitexin and Iso - orientin. According to the presence or absence of those structures cluster analysis where done for the results of the flavonoid compounds and the taxa where divided into groups that reveal the chemical relationships between them.dendogram where performed which also show the chemical relationships between the taxa by using UPGMA method and NTSYS program issue 21. the study shows that the presence and distribution of those compounds vary according to the variation in the plant distribution the study shows that some of the taxa have “the same compounds which enhance its belonging to the Ranunculus genus”. “Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical. Most of the taxa were distributed in N. and N.E of Iraq regions districts especially in MAM, MSU, MRO, and FBF districts. We notice that MSU district has a great number of the plants under the study as we found there are all the taxa accept one”. This study helps to detect distribution areas for some taxa that have been not mentioned in the Iraqi flora or other records which are R.kotschyi and R.trichophyllus var.trichophyllus. Also the study records distribution for the new species R.chius in MAM district which hasn't been mentioned in the Iraqi flora in this district before. Finally all the taxa were classified and the botanical key was done to separate them.

تاثير الادينوسين ثلاثي الفوسفات على اخصاب وتطور الاجنة الاولي خارج الجسم الحي في الفئران كنموذج للجنس البشري == Effect of Adenosine Triphosphate On In Vitro Fertilization And Early Embryonic Development In Mice As A Model For Human Being

Author name: مهند علي مشكور
Supervisor name: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين | نوال خيري العاني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Embryology
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - Higher Institute For Infertility Diagnosis And Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الاخصاب خارج الجسم الحي (IVF) من احد اهم التقنيات المستخدمة لانتاج اعداد كبيرة من الاجنة لبحوث التطور الاساسيه والبيولوجيا الجزيئية لنضوج البويضات المختبري والاخصاب. يعتمد الاخصاب خارج الجسم الحي وظروف حفظ الجنين المثلى على مكونات الوسط الزرعي كونها ا | In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most important techniques used to produce large numbers of embryos for research into the basic development and molecular biology of in vitro oocytes maturation and fertilization. Optimal IVF and embryo culture conditions depend on the composition of culture media being the most important determinants of success in vitro interaction of the gametes and subsequent embryo development. Adenosine 5 - triphosphate (ATP) is a fundamental factor to maintain life, by providing energy, and controlling the cell function and metabolism. Objectives : The present study aims to investigate the effect of ATP supplied to SMART medium on a rate of fertilization and early embryonic development (ED) in mice as a model for human beings.Materials and Methods : The female mice (90) were superovulated using superovulation program to produce a large number of oocytes. These were divided into three groups, the first group was inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro alone (control); the seconed group (G2) was inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro using SMART medium enriched with low concentration of ATP(1.25mM). The third group (G3) was inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro using SMART medium enriched with high concentration of ATP (2.5mM). Mouse spermatozoa were collected from both vasdeferens. Then sperm parameters were assessed after 30 min. IVF technique was performed for 3 groups, and assessed after 20 - 22h. Then, percentages of early embryonic development stages and abnormal embryos morphology (%) for each embryo stage were assessed.Results : Results of the present study revealed significant increment (P<0.05) in the in - vitro fertilization (%) when using 1.25mM ATP as compared to 2.5 mM ATP and the control group. Significant differences (P<0.05) in the 1 - cell stage were assessed in 2.5mM compared with 1.25mM groups and the control group. Also, Significant differences (P<0.05) in the 2 - cell and 4 - cell stage were assessed in 1.25mM ATP compared with other groups. However, non significant differences in the percentages of abnormal embryos morphology were reported between both treated groups of ATP.Conclusion : From the results of present study it was concluded that the low ATP concentration (1.25mM) enriched to the culture medium improved the percentage of in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development.

تقييم التعبير الجيني للجينات CK19, MGB, MUC1 microRNA - 195 and microRNA - let 7a في نساء عراقيات مصابات بسرطان الثدي == Evaluation of MGB1, CK19, MUC1, microRNA - 195 and microRNA - let - 7a Expression In Iraqi Women With Breast Cancer

Author name: جودت نوري غائب
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين مويت الفيصل
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aimed to shed light on the identification a panel of genes with distinct expression patterns in breast cancer patients as a useful tool for breast cancer early detection and progression. The present study designed to investigate the levels of genes expression of five genes panel (MGB1, CK19, MUC1, miR - let7a, and miR - 195) in circulating free mRNA and miRNA from blood of breast cancer patients versus noncancerous samples (benign tumor and healthy controls) to establish a biomarker panel potentially useful for early detection and progression of disease. The expression patterns of the identified genes were then compared with certain clinical features (age, lymph node status, and tumour size).Blood samples from 55 patients with different stages of newly diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma were provided by certain Iraqi hospitals. Two control groups were used in this study; 10 samples of patients with benign breast tumors, and 20 samples from healthy donors. The samples preservation with TRIzol was done. Samples subjected to total RNA extraction, and then molecular study by using reverse transcription and real time PCR at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital - Kings College / London.The study reached the following results : 1. The patients’ age range was 24 - 70 years and the median was 49 years with high frequency of patients in the range of 40 - 59 years. According to the family history, 50(90.91%) of patients were have negative family history. According to the clincopathological features (lymph node status and tumor size) the percentages of patients with multiple lymph nodes and tumor size 2.0 - 2.9 cm were the highest groups, which showed statistically highsignificant differences.2. For MGB1 gene expression, the result showed that 30(54.5%) patients were MGB1 - positive while 25(45.4%) patients were MGB1 - negative.According to malignancy status the percentage of patients with high level of MGB1 gene expression 22(40%) was significantly high. In correlation with age groups there was statistically no significant differences in the levels of gene expression with age. In correlation with clincopathological features, lymph node status showed that the highest percentage of MGB1 positive patients 18(66%) were multiple for lymph node status, and the tumor size results showed that there was decreasing in the MGB1 geneexpression with increasing of tumor size. 3. For CK19 the results of present study showed that 41(74.54%) patients were CK19 - positive, while 14(25.46%) patients were CK19 - negative.According to malignancy status the percentage of patients with high level of CK19 gene expression 30(54.45%) was significantly higher in compare with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. In correlation with age groups there was statistically no significant differences in the levels of gene expression with age. In correlation to the clincopathological features, lymph node status results showed that the highest percentage of CK19 positive patients 24(88.89%) were multiple for lymph node status, and there was increasing in the CK19 gene expression with increasing of tumor size.4. Mucin 1 (MUC1) gene expression results showed that the percentage of MUC1 - positive breast cancer patients 72.73%(n=40) was significantly higher when compared with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. According to the age groups the results showed no significant correlation with patients age groups. The clincopathological features results showed that the highest percentage of MUC1 positive patients 84.21%(n=16) have few lymph node status, and there was statistically significant association between the increasing of MUC1 gene expression and tumor size. 5. The miR - 195 gene expression results showed that the percentage of patients with positive miR - 195 gene expression 83.64%(n=46) was significantly higher than patients with negative miR - 195 expression 16.36%, the study also showed that the percentage of high miR - 195 expression samples 69.09% (n = 38) was significantly higher in compare with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. According to the clincopathological features, patients with multiple and few lymph node metastasis were found to have significantly the highest percentages of miR - 195 expression, while the tumor size results showed that there was increasing in the miR - 195 gene expression with increasing of tumor size. 6. The percentage of miR - let 7a - positive breast cancer patients 81.82% was significantly higher, when compared with miR - let 7a - negative patients 18.18%. In correlation to the clincopathological features, results showed no significant correlation in miR - let7a gene expression levels with patients age groups, for lymph node status, the results showed that the highest percentages of let 7a positive patients were those with multiple lymph node and few lymph node metastasis. The tumor size results showed that there was increasing in miR - let 7a gene expression with increasing of tumor size.7. According to genes combinations, three genes combination (CK19, miR - 195 and miR - let 7a) was significantly positively expressed with percentage of 60%(33/55), which reflect their potential diagnostic and prognostic value.8. The study concluded that the three genes combination (CK19, miR - 195 and miR - let 7a) may have potential applications as a diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer.

دراسة جزيئية، وخلوية وراثية، ومناعية لمرض سرطان القولون والمستقيم في العراق == Molecular, Cytogenetic And Immunological Study of Colorectal Cancer In Iraqi Patients

Author name: حيدر جاسم محمد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: علي حمود السعدي | عزام قنبر اغا
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The study consists of three parts related with patients of CRC as in : 1 - Molecular part 2 - Cytogenetic and molecular genetics part and 3 - Immunological part. In addition of their relatives of clinical and pathological diagnosis, genus, and tumor locations in 150 of Iraqi patients confirmed with CRC collected from Teaching Hospitals of some Iraqi governorates. The percent of male to female (54.66% / 45.43%) and the aged range of study were 16 to 80 years.The first part consist a study of five types of genes related with CRC represented by MLH1, MSH2, APC, K ras, and SMAD7 genes. Some of these genes develop with germline mutations as in MLH 1 exons1 and 15 so as MSH2 genes. While the rest genes related with a sporadic of CRC. All these genes were amplified by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for study the types of the mutations and their defect of these genes on CRC. The APC exon11and K ras exon1 genes were processed by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) technique. The results of PCR - SSCP technique for two genes represented by appeared three types of bands, which were (AA), (AB) and (AC) bands. The important band was (AB) which constitutes the variability region represented by 84.2% and 44.82% in patients for both genes. The results of patients with mutated bands with high significant differences(P?0.05).compared with healthy control. Patients carried these bands subjected to PCR - Sequences technique. The analysis results for APC gene sequences were substitutions mutations type of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) change Cytocine to Thiamin (C>T) at 1972 location of genome. While the analysis results of Kras gene appeared two types of mutations, substitution and frame shifts represented by deletion mutation and so as appeared stop codon mutation.The other genes represented by MLH1, MSH2, and SMAD detected by direct PCR - Sequences. The results analysis of MLH1 gene, exon (1and 15) represented by nucleotides change with high frequencies of substitution mutation through exon1 at different locations of nucleotides. So as frame shift mutation type deletion through exon15. While for MSH2 gene, exon 6 from 6.66% represent by deletion mutation. A spread study for SMAD7 gene, exon4 were done through 30 patients average age 52 years (male to female 56.7% : 53.3%) confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma compared with 15 healthy. A mutation of 20% of (SNPs) were identified.The second part which represented standard conventional cytogenetic and molecular genetics were done through peripheral blood culture (PBC). The study showed increasing of mitotic index (MI) in patients with significant differences (P?0.05) compared with healthy controls indicating for increasing of proliferation of the lymphocytes division. The study showed some chromosomal aberrations with significant, the majority of aberrations were higher significant in dwarf and aneuploidy chromosomes so as elongation chromosomes revealed significant differences (P?0.05) between patients and healthy. The appeared of Polyploidy chromosomes, with significant differences (P?0.05), that’s seem to be good indicator for cancer disease. The molecular genetics alterations which dependent on cytogenetic investigation were done through deletion of long arm of 5 chromosome which APC gene is located. The test elucidates the importance of inactivation (deletion) of APC gene in elicited of colorectal cancer. The study of 20 patients, were investigated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The results showed 60% patients which have 5q arm deletion of (+). And (5%) have two deletions (++) which was a male aged less than 60 years. The results analysis explained significant differences (p?0.01) between studied group and deletion (+) of arm 5q. A correlation represented by significant differences (p?0.01)through dysfunction of APC gene deletion of 5q were found with high percent among sporadic adenocarcinoma 58.3%, with less in attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) represented by the (25%), and (16.7) respectively.The last part related with immunological test were done by detection of tumor markers represented by Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA), IL - 33 and IL - 31.These markers represented a confirmative indicators for colorectal adenocarcinoma which were tested by ELISA technique in (79) patients confirmed with CRC of male and female. These tumor markers in tested with patients showed high significant differences (p?0.01) compared with healthy controls. Another immunological test for detection of Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 18 E6 gene expression in CRC by Immune histochemistry technique (IHC) in 71 (FFPET) of CRC. The results of this study showed there were a correlations between patients and adenocarcinoma positive HPV18 E6 infection 43.7% of patients infected with virus, with high significant differences (p?0.01) and higher infection in female (67.7%) than male (32.3%). So as a correlations were found between HPV18 E6 expression and tumor tissue locations, explained by high percentage 45.2% in rectum.While a tumor marker was (CD8+) was used to determine its role in human immune surveillance in tumor regions of CRC so as with regions which were infected by HPV. The study revealed high significant differences between healthy control and studied groups which have (CD8+) positive infiltration in tumor origins through detection by (IHC).In conclusions diagnosis of CRC can be detected by special genes like K ras gene through professional PCR processing, compact with tumor markers, so as Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique provides a precise method which can be used for detection of alteration of molecular and cytogenetic related with CRC.

البدانة عامل خطورة للاصابة بامراض القلب التاجية == Obesity As A Risk Factor For Coronary Heart Disease

Author name: نور غسان كاظم الدليمي
Supervisor name: حميد محمود مجيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: هناك مفهوم متنام يشير الى زيادة انتشار البدانة بين مرضى القلب التاجية Coronary heart disease (CHD), مما له الاثر الكبير في نشوء المرض ومضاعفاته, اذ يشابه عمل الخلية الدهنية adipocyteعضو الافراز الداخلي endocrine organ.ولمعرفة العلاقة بين البدانة وامراض | There is a growing concept that refers to the increased prevalence of obesity among patients with coronary heart disease. This has significant impact on the emergence of the disease and its complications as the work of the adipocyte resembles the work of the endocrine organ. This study comes to know the relationship between obesity and heart disease. To accomplish this, about 5cm3 of venous blood has been collected from 240 patients of coronary heart disease who are admitted to the resuscitation unit in Baquba Teaching hospital for the period 1st of December 2014 to1st of January 2015. The range of the patients' age is between 22 - 90 years old. The sample has been divided into three groups in accordance with body mass index and according to the classification of the American Institute. These groups are : natural weight from 18.5 - 24.9kg/m2, overweight from 25.00 - 29.9 kg/m2 and obesity30.00 kg/m2. The result shows that there is a significant rise in the fasting blood sugar, the total protein in serum and the systolic pressure with the rise of the body mass. While the level of the cholesterol, triacylgcerol and the remnant lipoprotein of the patient has not been affected with the different of the body mass. The patients with natural body mass index show significant rise in the total and direct bilirubin levels as compared with other groups with no significant differences among the groups in the levels of uric acid, urea, creatine, and phosphorus and iron ionic. We conclude that there is a correlation between the body mass index and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

تاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية في معايير بيولوجية مختلفة للفئران == Effect of Some Plant Extracts On Different Biological Parameters On Mice

Author name: عقيل حيدر عطا الله
Supervisor name: مؤيد صبري شوكت
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للتحري عن المركبات النشطة الموجودة في المستخلص الخام المائي والميثانولي لاوراق الاس والنعناع والريحان ودراسة تاثيرها على فعالية انزيم الاسيتل كولين استريز ومستوى الدهون ومستوى السكر ومستوى انزيمات الكبد(ALP وSGPT وSGOT) ومستوى الانتر | The present study was conducted to investigate the active constituents found in aqueous and methanolic crude leaf extracts of Myrtus communis, Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum, and studies it effect on the acetylcholinesterase activity, levels of lipids, level of glucose, level of liver enzymes (ALP, SGPT and SGOT) and level of Interleukins (IL - 2, IL - 4, IL - 6 and IL - 10) in laboratory mice (in vivo). The results of the phytochemical analysis of the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of Myrtus communis, Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum contain active compounds : Phenols, Flavonoids and Tannins and missing of Steroids and Coumarines in all extract but Saponins and Alkaloids found in alcoholic extract only, while terpens were present in Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum and absent in Myrtus communis. The results of administrating animals with different extracts showed no significant difference on blood Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) compared with ethanol liquid diet, while the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum in the serum of decreased Acetylcholinesterase level significantly(p?0.05), liver and brain [(1.25 ?pH/30 min, 1.23 ?pH/30 min, 1.28 ?pH/30 min, 1.20 ?pH/30 min, 1.26 ?pH/30 min, 1.28 ?pH/30 min), (0.35 ?pH/30 min, 0.34 ?pH/30 min, 0.34?pH/30 min, 0.36?pH/30 min, 0.42?pH/30 min, 0.39?pH/30 min), (0.32?pH/30 min, 0.37?pH/30 min, 0.39?pH/30 min, 0.36?pH/30 min, 0.34?pH/30 min, 0.37?pH/30 min)] respectively compared with animals fed on ethanol liquid diet [(1.37 ?pH/30 min), (0.47 ?pH/30 min), (0.45 ?pH/30 min)] respectively. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum reported a significant decrease in level of the total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) [(181mg/dl, 186mg/dl, 175mg/dl, 172mg/dl, 181mg/dl, 184mg/dl), (118mg/dl, 121mg/dl, 114mg/dl, 109mg/dl, 118mg/dl and 120mg/dl)] respectively, when compared with animals fed on ethanol liquid diet [(195 mg/dl), (132mg/dl) ] respectively while no effect was reported on High Density lipoprotein. The level of triglyceride reduced after the treatment with ethanol liquid diet, and then the level increased after the treatment with M. communis and O. basilicum extracts. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum have led to a reduction in the level of glucose in the serum which increased after the treatment with ethanol liquid diet. Methanolic and aqueous extracts decreased the liver enzymes (ALP, SGPT and SGOT) significantly to the normal level (18, 17, 21, 18, 20 and 21) KAU, (19, 19, 16, 13, 17, 17) IU/L and (21, 24, 17, 15, 17 and 19) IU/L respectively after the increase by the treatment with ethanol liquid diet (24) KAU, (26) IU/L, (28) IU/L as compared to control (20) KAU, (12.2) IU/L, (13.5) IU/L, respectively. The level of Interleukin - 2 and Interleukin - 4 in the serum significantly increased in the treatment of alcoholic and aqueous extract of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum [(18 pg /ml, 17 pg /ml, 20 pg /ml, 18 pg /ml, 20 pg /ml, 20 pg /ml), (100 pg/ml, 110 pg/ml, 119 pg/ml, 108 pg/ml, 90 pg/ml, 92pg/ml)] in comparison with ethanol liquid diet treatment [(14 pg /ml), (77 pg/ml)] respectively. While the level of Interleukin - 6 and Interleukin - 10 increased significantly in the serum, when animals were fed with ethanol liquid diet [(259pg/ml) and (501pg/ml)] respectively, and then decreased significantly after the treatment of methanolic, aqueous extract of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum reported [(198 pg/ml, 202pg/ml, 202pg/ml, 201pg/ml, 214pg/ml, 217pg/ml), (370 pg/ml, 385pg/ml, 200pg/ml, 280pg/ml, 350pg/ml and 350pg/ml)] respectively.

التاثيرات المعدلة - مناعيا للمعززات الحيويه ضد بكتريا Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium المعزولة من حالات الاسهال لدى الاطفال في ذكور الفار الابيض == Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics On Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated From Diarrheal Children In Albino Male Mice

Author name: صفا خليل ابراهيم
Supervisor name: عبد الواحد باقر الشيباني | علي حسين ادحيه
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study aimed to determine the frequency of Salmonella Typhimurium and its multi - drug resistance (MDR) status as a diarrheal causative pathogen in children younger than five years old, as well as to investigate the role of four probiotic microorganisms(L.acidophillus, L.casei, S.cerevisiae, S.boulardi) in controlling such infection.For this purpose, 128 stool samples of patients (76 males and 52 females) was included in this study. They were children suffering from diarrhea and fever who admitted to the “Central Pediatric Hospital” in Baghdad during the period from April to September, 2012. Their ages ranged from six days up to five years.The immunological effects of probiotics and MDR S. Typhimurium isolate in the experimentally infected and probiotic - treated mice were investigated via assessing the level of ten cytokines (IFN - ?, IL - 1?, IL - 4, IL - 10, IL - 12, IL - 17A, IL - 21, GM - CSF, RANTES and IP - 10) in the lavage of small intestine. Accordingly, five groups of mice were used in the in vivo part of this study; Mice in group I received probiotic for 7 successive days, challenged with S. Typhimurium on day 8, and dissected on days 14 and 21. Group II wassimilarly treated, but the probiotic was continued for 14 days. Group III was given the probiotic only, and group IV was challenged with S. Typhimurium, while group V was the control.Results obtained in this study could be summarized as follows : 1. Out of 128 stool samples, S. Typhimurium was isolated and identified in 9 samples only (7.03%). All isolates were totally resistant to nalidixic acid, with the exception of one isolate which showed intermediate sensitivity.Furthermore, only one of these isolates (symbolized B) was found to be resistant to three antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin and nalidixic acid).Therefore, this isolate was considered as an MDR isolate and selected for further experiments in the study.2. When the susceptibility of MDR S. Typhimurium isolate B was further assessed in vitro by using four probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. boulardi, Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. casei), results showed that S.cerevisiae and L. acidophilus were the most efficient by recording the highest inhibition zones (12.6 and 16.3 mm, respectively), therefore, they were further investigated for their anti - S. Typhimurium effects in vitro and in vivo. 3. By using the unconcentrated and (one - fold, two - fold, three - fold) concentrated filtrates of these two probiotics, it was found that the three - fold filtrates were most efficient in their antibacterial activity by recording the highest inhibition zones (25.0 mm for S. cerevisiae and 31.0 mm for L. acidophilus.4. Significant increases in the values of liver index were observed in mice of group I treated with L. acidophilus at 21 days (10.73%) compared to the corresponding group treated with S. cerevisiae (7.41%) or other four groups. For spleen, index value in L. acidophilus groups was higher than the corresponding groups in S. cerevisiae. Mice treated with a probiotic alone or in a combination with the pathogen showed significant increases in the spleen index values of all groups compared to the untreated mice (group V).5. Both probiotics were effective in reducing S. Typhimurium colony forming units per plate (cfu/plate) in the liver and spleen. In liver, mice in group IV showed a count of 224.4 cfu/plate, which was significantly higher than any count in groups of L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae. Group II mice recorded better results than group I mice, while the lowest counts (21.6 and 27.8 cfu/plate for L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae, respectively), were observed at day 21.6. The ten investigated cytokines showed different levels in the small intestine wash; such differences were subjected to the group of mice underinvestigation and type of probiotics used. In addition, variations in IFN - ?/IL - 4, IFN - ?/IL - 10, IL - 4/IL - 10 and IL - 17A/IL - 10 were also observed.

دراسة بعض المؤشرات المناعية لدى بعض المرضى المصابين بداء السكري النوع الثاني في محافظة ديالى == A Study Some Immunological Parameters In Some Patients of Diabetes Mellitus Type Two In Diyala Province

Author name: ريم قاسم محمد الحديدي
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الدايم صالح
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Type II diabetes mellitus is achronic diseas characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both and tissue resistante to insuline. This study was conducted in the Diyala province for the Type II diabetes patients which lasted for the period from beginning October 4102 to the end of May 4102 which aimed to evaluate some immunological indicators for patients infected with diabetes type two which included { assessment of the humoral immune by measuring the level of immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG) and the level of complement protein (C3, C2) by using the single radial immune diffusion assay and measuring the C - reactive protein (CRP) and determine the levels of Interlukin (IL - 01, IL - 01) by ELISA}. Atotal of (011) ablood sample was collected from patients with diabetes type two after diagnosis by a physician specialist in the clinic consulting in Baquba teaching hospital according to the criteria adopted by the World Health Organization for the diagnosis of diabetes type two, has been the number of males (24) percentage (20.11)% and the number of femals (22) percentage (21.02)% within the range of my age (32 - 11) years and collected (11) of blood sample from healthy volunteers ostensibly have been accredited as a group control, has been the number of males (32) percentage (21.33)% and the number of females is (42) percentage (20.14)% within the range of my age (31 - 44) years.Results of the study showed that the incidence of the disease rate a mong females (21.02)% than males (20.11)% with no significant difference statistically between the two groups of study for the sex, has found that age group (24 - 11, 11<) years recorded a high rate of disease (33.14)% and(32.12)% respectively while the age group (31 - 21) years percentage (1.11)% recorded lowest rate of disease whith high significant difference was noticed between the two groups.Furthermore results of the study showed low levels of immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG) in patients compared to the control group where found that the level IgM in patients (043.20124.22) mg/dl compared to the control group (434.24121.24) mg/dl and that the level of IgG in patients (0124.2110123.21) mg/dl compared to the control group (0103.32 ± 0442.14) mg/dl the results also showed low levels of complement proteins C3, C2 in patients compared to the control group it was found that the level of C3 in patients (01.00 ±31.14) mg/dl compared to the control group (030.02 ± 01.24) mg/dl and the level of C2 in patients (02.31 ± 4.11) mg/dl compared to the control group (20.231 4.13) mg/dl, and the results showed that the positivity of C - reactive protein in patients was (41.24)% compared to the control group was (1)% The results of the current study showed high level of IL - 01 in patients (410.24 ± 011.40) pg/ml compared to the control group (14.11132.43) pg/ml and the level of IL - 01 the results showed alow level of the IL - 01 in patients (13.13 ± 20.01) pg/ml compared to the control group (43.04 ± 40.03) pg/ml, inaddition to the study result showed agreat significant correlation between complement proteins (C3, C2) and the humoral immune (immunoglobulin IgM, IgG) as well as acorrelation between cellular immunity (IL - 01)and (IgM, C3).

تقييم فعالية المستخلص المائي والكحولي لنبات الصبار Aloevera في الاصابة التجريبية لطفيلي Eimeria tenella لدى فروج اللحم == Evaluationof Alcoholic Andwateryextracts Efficacyofaloe Veraon Experimental Infectedbroilerwitheimeriatenella

Author name: زهراء حاتم حميدي عبود الكعبي
Supervisor name: هيثم محمد حمادي العوادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على (216) فرخ دجاج نوع Rose 308مصاب بطفيلي Emiria tenella خلال المدة من شهر نيسان 2013 الى شهر تشرين الاول 2013, وقد تم في الدراسة الحالية تحديد بعـــــــــض المؤشــــــــــــــرات الدمــــوية (الخلايا المتغايرة /الخلايا اللمفاوية HL | This study was conducted to (216) broilers chickens (Rose 308 Trade) infected parasite with Eimeria tenella performed form April 2013 till October 2013, has been in the current study to identify some indicators of blood(Heterophils/ Lymphocytes, White Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell, Packed Cell Volume, Hemoglobin) and biochemistry (Glucose, cholesterol and total protein) and productive performance (Weight increase, Food conservation, Cansumbtion and Body weight befor slugtery) , We note at the parasite has infected chicks were used three extracts of Aloe vera (alcoholic and hot water and cold water), dosage chicks were to demonstrate the effect of different concentrations of these extracts on the productivity and physiological traits mentioned above. Then the experiment was designed, which include the following : 1 - The first group (control group) included 36 chicks and was given food with no anti - coccidial. 2 - The second group include 36 chicks in duplicate was infected but did not treated.3 - The third group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Alcoholic ethyl in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.4 - The fourth group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Cold water in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.5 - The fifth group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Hot water in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.6 - The sixth group include 36 chicks in duplicate was given Vetacox(trade Mark)that had both Sulphadimidin 80 gm and Diverdin8 gm.Results showed the following : - 1 - The alcoholic extract of Aloe vera at concentration (0.5, 1.5, 2) g/ml after an infection in the fifth week revealed alittle effect on the H/L when compared with eighth week of infection. also this extract lead to increase, the rate of (PCV), (Hb) , and (RBC) while lead to decrease the rate of (WBC) after eighth week of infection at concentration (2)g/ml. Also this extract lead to increase the rate of cholesterol, total protein and the rate of weight increased in the eighth week, while the amount of feed intake and feed conversion showed alittle effect, as well as the body weight befors slaughter has astrong effect at concentration(2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection. 2 - The cold and hot aquatic extract of Aloe vera at concentration(2)g/ml lead to decrease the ratio of H/L and increase the rate of (PCV), (Hb) and (RBC) after the infection in the eighth week, also lead to decreas the rate of (WBC) and increase the rate of cholesterol, total protein, the rate of weight increased, the amount of feed intake and the body weight before slaughter at concentration (2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection. Also recorded abetter efficiency of feed conrersion at concentration (2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection.

دراسة تصنيفية حياتية مقارنة لمراتب من الجنس Onobrychis Mill. (Fabaceae) في العراق

Author name: زينب جواد عامر
Supervisor name: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: استــهدف البــحث الــحالي دراســة تصــنــيفية مقارنة لاحدى عشر مرتبة تصنيفية تابعة للجنس Onobrychis Mill. من العائلة الفراشية (البقولية) Papilionaceae النامية بريا في العراق وهي O. acaulis وO. caput - galli وO. carduchorum وO. crista - galli بضربيه O. cri | A comparative systematic study was carried out for eleven taxa belong to the genus Onobrychis Mill., Family Papilionaceae grown widely in Iraq, and they are O. acaulis, O. caput - galli, O. carduchorum, O. crista - galli with two varieties O. crista - galli var. crista - galli and O. crista - galli var. trilophocarpa, O. galegifolia, O. haussknechtii, O. kotschyana, O. megataphros, O. ptolemaica, O. schahuensis. The Study included the gross general Morphological characters and Micromorphological characters, also the Pollen grains studied and Anatomy, Chemistry, Enviroment and Geographical distribution and Taxonomic treatment, also botanical key was putted to separate the taxa. General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa of genus distributed, in order to detect the distribution of the studied taxa of the genus Onobrychis. Therefore many collections obtained and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded, the specimens studied, and correct the mistake naming specimens were identified and reidentified some miss identified specimens. A comparative morphological study was undertaken to all taxa plants parts include the root, stems, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts and drew charts diagrams, tables and accompanying, with natural images for different morphology characteristics, as well as the field images. This study indicates that the characters of Leaf, Inflorescence, Flowers and Fruit were collectively contributed in the separation and identification of taxa. The pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because their different shape, dimensions of polar and equilateral view and wall thickness. The anatomical study showed the importance of Taxonomic support to the morphological characters in the diagnosis and isolation different taxa, and this study showed different in the anatomical characters of leaf include the characters of Epidermis, Stomata and the characters of a cross sections in stems. The current study showed that the trichomes were very important taxonomic in isolate different taxa because their variation in density, dimensions and the shape of epidermis cells that the trichomes arise from them and dimensions of the epidermal cells and the nature of their walls. The current study identified nineteen protein - amino acids by using High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the distribution of these compound was variable among various taxa of the genus and that was useful in isolation different taxa. and the aliphatic amino acids, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Serine, Arginine, Alanine, Tyrosine, Valine, Methionine, Isoleucine and Lysine had a wide presence in the studied taxa, which means that they belong to the same genus. The ecology and geographic distribution of the taxa were studied using area survey and information of herbaria specimens, maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical provinces. At last, a taxonomic treatment has been carried out for the taxa of the genus Onobrychis, as well as a detailed key to isolate them.

تاثير المياه الممغنطة والبنزل ادنين ومستحضر السماد الطحلبي في نمو نبات الجزر Daucus carota L. == Effect of Irrigation Water Magnetic, Benzyladenine And Algal Fertilizer Preparation On Growth of Carrot Plant Daucus Carota L

Author name: سارة عدنان نخاله
Supervisor name: عبد الامير علي ياسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجربة باستعمال الاصص خلال الموسم الشتوي للعام (2012 - 2013) م في تربة مزيجية وتحت الظروف البيئية الطبيعية في قسم علوم الحياة/ كلية التربية/ جامعة القادسية, لمعرفة تاثير مياه السقي الممغنطة والرش بتراكيز من البنزل ادنين ومستحضر السماد الطحلبي في ال | An experiment was conducted in the winter season of the year (2012 - 2013) in loam soil pots, in Biology department/ College of education/ Al - Qdisiya university, to find out effect of irrigation water magnetic, spryer of benzyl adenine concentrations and algal fertilizer on growth, mineral content and carotenoids to carrot plant (Daucus carota L.).The design of the experiment was randomized complete blocks (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement with three factors. The first factor was four intensities of magnetic to irrigation water (0, 500, 750 and 1000) gauss, the second factor was three concentration of benzyl adenine (0, 50 and 100) mg.L - 1 and third factor was three concentration of algal fertilizer (0, 1.5, and 3) ml.L - 1, with three replicates. The treatments means were compared by using averages revised least significant difference (RLSD) at 0.05 probability level.The following parameters were measured during the study plant height, leaf area, leaves number, vegetative fresh and dry weight, root dry weight, Leaves content of chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul, in addition to percentage of NPK, total protein and Fe (µg. g - 1). Results showed : 1 - The use of magnetic water by 1000 gauss were increase in plant height, leaf area, leaves number, vegetative fresh and dry weight, root dry weight, Leaves content of chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul, and magnetic water by 750 gauss were increase vegetative fresh weight and 500 gauss was increase K% but N%, P%, Fe (µg. g - 1) and protein% not affected by any different intensities to irrigated water.2 - Benzyl adenine at 100 mg. L - 1 concentration increased plant height, leaf area, leaves number, Leaves content of chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul, while 50 mg. L - 1 of benzyl adenine caused by increased in vegetative fresh and dry weight, N%, P%, Fe (µg. g - 1) and protein% but K% not affected.3 - The use of 3 ml.L - 1 algal fertilizer increased plant height, vegetative dry weight, P%, Fe (µg. g - 1), Leaves content of chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul. The concentration 1.5 ml.L - 1 algal fertilizer was increased leaves number but not affected in vegetative fresh weight, N%, P%, K% and protein%. The interactions with another factors caused increase of percentages. 4 - The interaction between magnetic water by 1000 gauss with 100 mg. L - 1 benzyl adenine increased plant height, leaf area, leaves number, leaves content of chlorophyll (a and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul. The use of magnetic water by same intensity (1000 gauss) with 50 mg. L - 1 BA increased vegetative dry weight, N%, P% and protein% while b chlorophyll was increase with 500 gauss and 100 mg. L - 1 BA.5 - the interaction between magnetic water and algal fertilizer concentrations revealed that use of 1000 gauss with 3 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer increased plant height and leaf area, but the same interaction with 1.5 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer increased leaves number, leaves content of chlorophyll (a and total chlorophyll), carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul.6 - The interaction between benzyl adenine and algal fertilizer showed that used 100 mg.L - 1 BA with 3 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer increased b chlorophyll, carotenoids and Baicalin, but use of the combination consisting of 100 ml. L - 1 BA with 1.5 ml/L algal fertilizer increased leaves number, leaves content of chlorophyll (a and total chlorophyll) and Pycogenul.7 - The triple interaction between experiment all factors revealed that increased in vegetative dry weight with two combinations (500 gauss magnetic water + 50 mg. L - 1 BA + 3 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer and 1000 gauss magnetic water + 50 mg. L - 1 BA + 1.5 ml/L algal fertilizer). High P% was combination consisting of (500 gauss magnetic water + 100 mg.L - 1 BA + 1.5 ml.L - 1 algal fertilizer). High total chlorophyll, carotenoids, Baicalin and Pycogenul were combination consisting of (1000 gauss magnetic water + 100 mg. L - 1 BA + 1.5 ml. L - 1 algal fertilizer).

النمو، الفعالية الانزيمية والتعبير الجيني للانزيمات المحللة للبروتين (Protease) في الفطر الجلدي Trichophyton rubrum == Growth, Enzyme Activity And Gene Expression of Proteases In A Dermatophyte Trichophyton Rubrum

Author name: سارة كريم كاظم الزبيدي
Supervisor name: جواد كاظم الجنابي | عدنان حمد الحمداني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لتوصيف الانماط الجزيئية والمظهرية للنمو والفعالية الانزيمية للانزيم المحلل للبروتين والتنوع الوراثي وعلاقته بالتعبير الجيني بين عزلات الفطر الجلدي.Trichophyto rubrum ولهذا الغرض جمعت 150 عينة سريرية (قشطات جلدية (80), اجزاء شعر (60) | The present study was designed to characterize the morphological and the molecular patterns of growth, enzymic activity of proteases, genetic diversity and their correlation with gene expression among strains of Trichophyton rubrum. For these purpose, A total of 150 clinical specimens (skin scrapings (80), hair fragments (60) and nail clippings (10)) were collected from 100 patients (70 males&80 females) whom clinically diagnosed with dermatophytosis after attendingto the dermatology and venereal diseases centre of Mergan Teaching hospital and private clinic in Babylon city from Feb. 2014 to May 2014. T. rubrum were isolated and identified using cultural, biochemical and physiological tests. Isolates were then subjected for confirmation by PCR, genotyping using RFLP - PCR, sequencing and registration of these sequences in GeneBank for obtaining accession numbers then phylogeny. The growth conditions, were tested, in addition to, the genetic expression of proteases (exocellular protease and endocellular aminopeptidase) were determined using Real - Time PCR. Out of 150 specimens, 24 (16%) isolates were dermatophytic fungi and only 5 (20.8%) of them belong to T. rubrum. The influence of cultural conditions in growth of T. rubrum showed that the 30 ?C, pH 6, SDA medium and 7 days incubation were the optimal conditions for its growth. Proteolytic activity of isolates of T. rubrum against casein as a substrate revealed an ability to produce protease in solid and liquid media after 14 days of incubation. This activity was varies according to the type of isolate where the isolate No.1 (isolated from skin) gave a high proteolytic activity (5.6cm) in solid media and (80.1U/ml) in liquid media in comparison with other tested isolates (No.2 - No.8). on the other hands, the 9 days of incubation, 30 ?C, pH 7 and 0.5% substrate concentration were the optimal condition for proteolytic activity of these isolates. The molecular tests confirmed that all tested isolates belong to T. rubrum with amplicon size (601bp) after amplification of ITS1 primers using PCR technique. While the RFLP - PCR technique showed the presence of two genotypes (I%II) belong to T. rubrum with subgenotypes (Ia - Id) and (IIa - IId) respectively. The relative quantification of proteolytic activity (exocellular protease and endocellular aminopeptidase) produced by T. rubrum genotypes were expressed by using Real - Time PCR after amplification of the target gene of ptotease and aminopeptidase in comparison with housekeeping gene (? - actin) as a reference gene. The results showed the up - regulation of gene encoded to exocellular protease than the down - regulation of endocellular aminopeptidase produced by T. rubrum in the presence of casein as a substrate. The internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence, 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence and 28S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence of local isolates of T. rubrum were used for sequencing, registration in Genebank - NCBI and phylogeny. Five accession numbers were recorded and available to NCBI, EMBL in Europe and the DNA Bank of Japan. These accession numbers were : KP979787, KP979788, KP979789, KP979790, KP979791. Phylogenetic relation between local strains and world strain showed a high identicasl with T. rubrum (GQ376105.1). This is the first study in Iraq which employed sequencing, registration of sequences in Genebank - NCBI and carrying out phylogeny of local and world strains of T. rubrum.

دراسة بكتريولوجية كيمياوية وفيزياوية لمياه الشرب المعدنية المتداولة في الاسواق المحلية لمدينة تكريت == Bacteriological Chemical And Physical Study For Drinking Mineral Bottled Water Circulating In Local Market In Tikrit City

Author name: اسراء حمود عبد الدوري
Supervisor name: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي | ياسين حسين عويد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية جمع عينات شهرية من اصناف المياه المعدنية المعباة المتداولة في الاسواق المحلية في مدينة تكريت ابتداء من شهر تشرين الاول عام 2010 م ولغاية شهر حزيران عام 2011 م وتم تقييم جودة عشرة اصناف من المياه المعباة بالاضافة الى ماء الصنبور ومقار | The current study included collected monthly samples of mineral water circulating in the local markets in the city of Tikrit from the month of October in 2010 until the month of June in 2011. It was evaluated the quality of ten varieties of bottled water and comparing the results to the standard specifications for Iraqi drinking water and international standards for the World Health Organization.Evaluation included a study of physical, chemical and microbiological factors : turbidity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total alkalinity, acidity, total hardness, calcium, sodium, potassium, salinity, chloride, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, heavy metals, total number of bacteria and total coliforms.The level of quality parameters of these classes were in compliance with the different standards except for pH in one class Pearl and phosphate in one class Rovian.Comparing bottled water to tap water found that the concentrations of turbidity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid, electrical conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, acidity, nitrate, iron, manganese and total number of bacteria in tap water higher than the concentrations in bottled water but didn’t exceed the upper limit that allowed by the local and international specifications for drinking water.Measurements also revealed that the values of most of the criteria listed on the packaging do not reflect the actual content of these water bottles with the exception of one class Kameran most of the packaging in this class has matched the actual content of the water container.The results also showed the absence of coliform bacteria in any of the varieties of bottled water and tap water as well as the significance of the absence of bacterial contamination in it.

مستوى الهستامين وبعض المعايير المناعية لمرضى الحساسية التنفسية من النوع الاول == The Level of Histamine And Some Immunological Parameters Among Airway Hypersensitivity Type I Patients

Author name: سلوى احمد حمزة الكرادي
Supervisor name: فريال جميل عبد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تم جمع 50 عينة دم من مرضى الحساسية التنفسية من النوع الاول المراجعين لمركز الحساسية والربو في محافظة بابل للفترة الممتدة ما بين تشرين الثاني 2013 ولغاية شباط 2014, بالاضافة الى 10 عينات دم من الاشخاص غير المصابين بالحساسية من النوع الاول والذين كان معدل I | Blood samples have been drawn from 50 airway hypersensitivity type I patients who visit the center of the allergies and asthma in the province of Babylon, for the period between November 2013 and up to February 2014, in addition to 10 samples from persons with normal IgE level as a control. The sample was divided into two parts, the first used to measure the level of eosinophils and basophils and the second used to measure the level of immune parameters, which included histamine, IgE, IL - 5, IL - 10 and IL - 12 by using the technique of Enzyme - Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). Study community were divided into three groups, the first group named before immunotherapy treatment and the second group after immunotherapy treatment and final is for control. Conducted differences in the level of immune parameters between the three groups, there were significant differences between the group before the treatment and control group as well as between the group before treatment and after treatment. The level of histamine for the three groups (before treatment and after the treatment and control), reached respectively 34.8292 ± 6.47680 ng / ml and 9.3238 ± 3.55296 ng / ml and 6.9844 ± 3.05477 ng / ml, and the level of IgE reached to the before treatment group 40.6279 ± 15.24231 IU / ml and the after treatment group 23.9529 ± 11.88933 IU / ml and control group 11.7796 ± 5.53 IU / ml, while the cell count of eosinophils for the before treatment group 0.7283 ? 0.24556 x 103 cells / mm 3 and after treatment group 0.3643 ? 0.14861 x 103 cells / mm 3 and control 0.2252 ? 0.09139 x 103 cells / mm 3 , as well as for the cells of basophils for the before treatment group 0.1008 ? 0.03391 x 103 cells / mm 3 and after treatment group 0.0777 ? 0.03485 x 103 cells / mm 3 and control 0.0724 ? 0.03568 x 103 cells / mm 3 , As for the cytokines the level of IL - 5 reached for the same groups 51.3214 ± 6.18565 pg / ml and 22.7254 ± 3.99360 pg / ml and 24.5404 ± 8.64920 pg / ml respectively, while IL - 10 has reached 14.9604 ± 6.48170 pg / ml and 43.0476 ± 21.26668 pg / ml and 24.4969 ± 10.21066 pg / ml, respectively, and finally the level of IL - 12 reached for the same groups 17.753 ± 8.39343 pg / ml and 39.1929 ± 17.73975 pg / ml and 26.7731 ± 12.93092 pg / ml, respectively. There were been a difference in the level of immune parameters for a number of variables, , place of residence, gender, and type of allergy, there were no significant differences observed in the level of immune parameters between these variables. comparison was made in the level of immune parameters for the group after the treatment depending on the duration of immunotherapy, and found that there were significant differences in the level of these parameters with the increase of the duration of treatment. Through this study, conducted the correlation among histamine and the rest of the immune parameters and the results were pointing to the positive correlation of histamine with IgE, IL - 5, eosinophils and basophils and negative correlation with IL - 10 and IL - 12.

التشخيص الجزيئي للفطر المحاري Pleuroutus ostreatus وفاعلية بعض المخلفات الصناعية في انتاجه وقابليته الخزنية == Molecular Diagnosis of The Oyster Mushroom Pleuroutus Ostreatus And Effectiveness of Some Industrial Waste In Its Production And Its Ability Storage

Author name: سولاف حامد تيموز
Supervisor name: عبد الامير سمير سعدون
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة انتاج الفطر المحاري ostreatus Pleuroutus باستعمال اوساط زرعية محضرة من مخلفات صناعة محلية وما لها من اهميه من الناحية الاقتصادية كونه يعد عنصرا غذائيا مهما يحل محل البروتين الحيواني المتمثل باللحوم، وما لهذا الفطر من اهمية طبية وعلاجية ا | This study included the production of mushroom oyster Pleuroutus ostreatus by using agricultural media prepared from local industry and which has importance in the economic district it's consider important nutrition element instead of animal protein representive by meat. this fungus has importance of medical and therapeutic, the results showed existence of chemical substances concentrated in the fruiting bodies such as Galic acid and Statin and other substances. that have had an active role in reducing cholesterol in the blood as well as break the clot blood through the presence of certain types of enzymes that break down blood clotting, which may occur, the results showed when studying the mushrooms from the genetic diagnosis molecularly using the technique of the PCR to determine the type of isolation that gives the production of economically significant. Results showed the presence of gene hereditary called Osteareolysin who works with several aspects of the mushrooms which give the recipe contrast pathogenic fungi plant also this study included re - using some of the remnants of plant starch corn husks and Al - gluten and corn embryos. the remnants of Maysan sugar Factory of material Molasses and Molass Baggaz and the study of their role as carrying materials, central ferment and growth of the oyster mushroom during agricultural it on these remnants. The results of the chemical analysis of the remnants of the sugar indestrey in Maysan Molasses and Baggaz and waste plant starch in Al - hashemeyeh / Babylon Al - Baggaz and yellow corn straw showed that molasses substance was contain the amount of sugars which sometimes reach to 41%, that making it as a good base of food to mushroom. When added molasses at different levels 2, 4, 6% to the central media the study showed a positive relationship between the levels of molasses and the radial growth of the oyster mushroom. The concentrations 25, 50, 100% of the leaky innate showed ability Tdhadah high - fungal plant pathogen (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, Stymphllium sp., Penicillium sp.) Antigonsim when studying the negative ability of the fungus. The results showed a significant increasing in the growth standards and gaining characteristics of the oyster mushroom in the mass production of fruiting bodies called the gaining total according to the wet weight and it was higher production on corn husks and pomace dates 761.89, 735.13 g /kg of media and concentration of molasses 6%. when measuring efficiency of the fungus to product the largest amount of fruiting bodies observed that the middle pea - corn husks and pomace dates gave a larger amount of the remaining media and a concentration of 6% 76.18, 73.51%, have been affected by the weights of pods fungal change is another factor which affected by rates of molasses. The results were closely between nutrition media but nevertheless observed superiority of Corn husks and Pomace dates on the rest of media (15.04, 13.77)by using 6% concentration of molasses. when calculate the lengths of the necks of the body fruiting because of the great importance in a statement recipes - gaining produced and influenced by user medai - aligned and concentrations of molasses, as there were differences moral at all concentrations of molasses, when calculating the percentage of dry matter increased significantly increase the concentration of molasses and all concentrations compared with a comparison of strew wheat, which amounted to 12.16% when adding 2% molasses observed the emergence of highly significant differences between treatments and compared with control treatment, which gave treatment of Pomace dates highest rates, followed by corn husks and corn embryo and Al - gluten and Baggaz 8.21, 9.00, 9.28, 9.29%, respectively. For the purpose of obtaining material efficient in maintaining the objects fruiting intact throughout the storage period tested preservatives (such as Sorbic acid and black pepper) and concentrations 40.20g / l of articles in a row leads to prolong longevity reservoir simulation of the objects fruiting and maintain the quality characteristics of the objects fruiting. The results showed that the addition of material to the feeder molass medai AGRO of oyster mushroom had been increased the proportion of protein in the fruiting bodies, either with respect to calculate the proportion of carbohydrates had been found that the percentage of carbohydrates are associated with a high positive correlation relationship between the concentration of molasses and the different transactions that were used in the experiment. The oils were represented less than what can be had reached attribute to 0%. Well conducted safety checks the health of the mushroom oyster and the results were that the fungus free of toxins by anatomy organic to members liver, kidney and intestines and by the standards of blood physiological mice tested. And the importance of this project calculated the economic viability and profits and revenue obtained from such a project.

تاثير الحمل في بعض وظائف الكبد وعدد من المتغيرات الدموية والكيموحيوية == The Effect of Pregnancy On Some Liver Functions And Blood And Biochemical Changes For The Pregnant Women In Al - Alam

Author name: رؤى حسين علوان الجبوري
Supervisor name: صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة تاثير الحمل في وظائف الكبد وعدد من صفات الدم الكيموحيوية حيث تم جمع عينات دم من نساء حوامل خلال مراحل الحمل الثلاث ومن نساء متزوجات غير حوامل كمجموعة سيطرة، وجرت هذه الدراسة في مركز العلم الصحي للفترة من اب 2008 الى ك 1 2009 وبلغ مجموع | This study took the effects of pregnancy on liver functions and number of biochemical blood characteristics, in which blood samples were taken from pregnant women during the three trimesters of pregnancy and from non - pregnant married women as a control group, and this study was done in The Alam health centre from August 2008 to December 2009, and the number of pregnant women were (120) women while the non - pregnant married women were (40) women, there ages were between 15 - 40 years old. The results of this study showed increase in Body Mass Index for pregnant women with progress of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women givingP value (P<0.01) and there was appearance of specific elevation in Fibrinogen concentration in blood and Serum Albumin and Cholesterol concentration and Triglyceride in pregnant women compared with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01). Also the results showed specific decrease in Bilirubin during the three trimesters of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women especially in the third trimester giving P value (P<0.01). Also the results showed specific elevation in liver enzymes represented by Alkaline phosphatase and Aspartate transaminase enzyme and Alanine transaminase enzyme especially in the last two trimesters of pregnancy in comparision with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01), but for Malondialdehyde, the results showed specific elevation during the three trimesters of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women in contrast to the Glutathione antioxidants that showed specific decrease during the three trimesters of pregnancy in comparasion with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01). And the study showed also the effects of pregnancy on the blood elements, in which there was obviouse decrease in number of Platelets during the three trimesters of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01). And the Heamoglubin concentration, Red Blood Cell number and the mean corpuscle Volume Suffer Specific decrease during the three trimesters of pregnancy compared with the non - pregnant married women giving P value (P<0.01).

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع بكتريا السالمونيلا من بعض الاغذية المحلية في مدينة تكريت == Isolation And Identification of Some Species of Salmonella From Some Local Foods In Tikrit City

Author name: شيماء جابر حميد البياتي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم فتاح عمر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تم التحري عن بكتريا السالمونيلا في 520 عينة من الاغذية المحلية في مدينة تكريت, وجدت هذه البكتريا في 26 عينة (5%), كانت اعلى نسبة لتواجدها في عينات اللحوم المثرومة (2.5%) والتي تمثل 16.25% من العينات الكلية للحوم المثرومة المدروسة.عزلت السالمونيلا من عي | The presence of Salmonella spp. was investigated in 520 local food samples in Tikrit city, Salmonella was found in 26 samples (5%), with the highest presence in minced meat (2.5%) which was represented 16.25% of all minced meat samples. Salmonella was isolated from chicken's meat at a percentage of 3.75%, and same percentages for meat slices samples, egg cortex and chicken's blood represented 5% for each one, and isolated too from vegetables and cheese at a percentage of 2.5% for each one. No Salmonella has been detected from sweet, yoghurt and egg content. Six Salmonella species were isolated, S. typhimurium was to be the most frequent and represented 42.30% of positive samples, then S. enteritidis and S. anatum in 34.61% and 11.53% respectively, but S. agona, S. typhi and S. arizona existed in a percentage about 3.84% for each one. Also, all the isolated species showed their own serological formula. The selective medium Tetrathionate broth (TTB) was found to be superior for isolation of Salmonella than Selenite cystine broth (SCB), the former positivity was 96.2% and 88.5% respectively. For test of better selective medium for isolation, TTB was found to be more suitable for isolation of S. anatum, while SCB was better for isolation of S. arizona.All the six isolated Salmonella species showed high sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin (5?g) and moderately sensitive to Chloramphenicol (30?g), while they showed high resistance to three antibiotics Amoxicillin (30?g), Nalidixic acid (30?g) and Pipracillin (100?g). They showed resistance with different percentages to the other tested antibiotics : Ampicillin (10?g), Gentamicin (10?g), Streptomycin (10?g), Tetracycline (30?g) and Trimethoprim (25?g).

دراسة بيئية للطحالب الهائمة والملتصقة على النباتات المائية في نهر العباسية/ وسط العراق == An Ecological Study of Phytoplankton And Epiphytic Algae On Aquatic Macrophyta In Al - Abbasiya River/Middle of Iraq

Author name: شيماء جبار هادي الجحيشي
Supervisor name: احمد عبيس مطر | جاسم محمد سلمان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية شهريا في اربعة مواقع على نهر العباسية وسط العراق للمدة من اذار 2012 الى شباط 2013، شملت الدراسة قياس بعض الصفات الفيزياوية والكيميائية لمياه النهر ودراسة الصفات النوعية والكمية لمجتمع الطحالب الهائمة (Phytoplankton) والطحالب الملتصقة | The present study was conducted monthly at four sites that located at Al - Abbasiya River middle of Iraq, for the period from March, 2012 to February, 2013 including studying some physiochemical properties of water and quantitative and qualitative of phytoplankton and epiphytic algae on aquatic macrophyta by selecting five species of aquatic plants : Phragmites australis Cav., Typha domengensis per., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Potomogeton pectinatus L. and Myrophyllum verticillatum L. Results also showed that, the air temperature ranged between 10.0 to 45.3 C?, while, the water temperature was 6.3 to 33.0 C?. Transparency values ranged between 0.29 to 3.06 m, while, the current velocity was 60 - 730 cm/ sec. The study also revealed that the pH was limited at the period of study ranged 6.97 to 9.13. Electrical conductivity and salinity were about 163.33 to 1157 ?s. cm and 3.68 to 23.0 0 ‰, respectively. Total dissolved solids values were about 277 mg/L to 900g/L. Total suspended solids values ranged between 0.09 - 37.0 mg/l. Results showed that, slightly alkaline at and bicarbonate ions prevailed, total alkalinity was 42 to 810 mg /L. Dissolved Oxygen values were 1.83 to 12.33 mg/L and biochemical oxygen demand was 1.4 to 8.0 mg/L, water hardness value in the studied sites ranged between 60 to 2000 mg CaCO3/L., While, calcium concentrations was 86.84 to 1783.0 mg CaCO3/L. and Magnesium concentrations was 6.70 to 268.66 mg CaCO3/L. Reactive phosphate concentrations in this study produced values ` ranged from 0.01 to 5.06 mg /L, and Nitrite concentrations ranged between nill to 5.20 mg /L, Nitrate concentration ranged between 0.09 to 6.47 mg /L. 199 species were recorded as total species number of phytoplankton at the period of study that, belong to Diatoms algae consisting of 61.30% : 88 species which belong to Pennales and 34 species for centrales, followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta that were 42 and 21 species, respectively. Pyrrophyta 1, Euglenophyta 2, Rhodophyta 2, Pheophyta 5, Chrysophyta 5 species. Bacillariophyta gave the highest total number was 9303 × 104 to 1074 × 104 cell / L of fresh weight that was recorded at site 1 during April , 2012 and May, 2012, while, others algae 9823× 104cell/L in site 3 in July, 2012 compared to 1036 × 104cell/l at site 4 in April, 2012 for the total phytoplankton population density. Site 1 was the most divers sites with numerous number of species of algae, reaching the number of 66 genera and 85 species. while, the least number of species at site 3 were 65 genera and 70 species. April and October, 2012 have the most total cell numbers available for diatoms and non - diatoms algae. Nitzschia palea ; N.commnis and N. kutzingiana were the highest abundance of species showed an average of 46.80% of the overall phytoplankton sampled. Nitzschia was followed by Ankistrdesmus falcatus (25.53%) and Anabaena cylindrica (17.02%).There were some species present in all sites during the period from March, 2012 to February, 2013 i.e. Anabaena cylindrical, Dimorphococcus lanatus, Draparnaldia judayi, Euastrum dubium, Pilayella littoralis, Chrysoamoeba radiansklebs, Melosira distance, Stephanopyxis turris, Amphora ovalis, Cocconeis placentula, Gomphonema augur, G.tenuirostrum, Semiorbis sp and Pinularia biceps. Epiphytic algae types were diagnosed during the study of 256 species within 8 division. Bacillariophyta division was the dominate reaching 172 species composed to 67.18% of the total number, most of them belong to Pennales with 140 species that was more than Centrales 32 species, Chlorophyta 47 species form 18.35%, Cyanophyta 22 species form 8.59% and Chrysophyta and Pheophyta 5 species for both formed 1.95% , Euglenophyta and Rhodophyta 2 species for both formed 0.78% and Pyrrophyta algae that represented by one species and one genus. The highest genera number during the study period were Cymatopleura, Eunotia, Nitizschia, Cymbella and Gomphonema. Numbers of epiphytic algae varied in months and sites due to the host plants. The highest total number was 31039 ×104 cell/ L of fresh weight was recorded at site 1 during April, 2012 on leaves of Ceratophyllum demersum plant, while, the lowest total number was103×104cell/L of fresh weight which was recorded at site. 2 during June, 2012 on shoot of Potomogeton pectinatus. Many species of epiphytic algae were different among the study sites; the highest number was 148 species in Ceratophyllum demersum recorded 93 species on the shoot and 110 species on the leaves, while, the lowest number was 148 species on P. pectinatus recorded 36 on the root 36 and 52 species on the shoot and 60 species on the leaves. The result of study confirm that some of epiphytic algae were found at the most plant parts and different hosts, such as Anabaena cylindrical A. diolum, Lyngba aestuarii, Microcystis aeruginosa, Cosmacladium tubetculatum, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Palmodictyon, Mougeeotia, Pithophora oedogonia. Results showed that, some species favor some parts of host plant e.g Anabaena cylindrica was the most dominated on the Myrophyllum verticillatum and P.australis.Schizothrix tinctoria was dominated on the shoot of Phragmites australis while, algae Nostic linkia dominated on the shoot of Typha domengensis. Algae Ankistrodesmum falcatus, Pyramimonas tetrarhnchus ; Tetraspora cylindrical were dominated on the shoot of Potomogeton pectinatus. There were only seven diatom taxa common encountered on all plant part e.g. Cyclotella bodanicavar var. michiganensis on the shoot of Myrophyllum verticillatum. Fragilaraia capucina var. mesolepta, Cocconeis placentula and Achanthes affinis were dominated on the shoot of Phragmites australis, it was also found that, Navicula miniscula present on leaves of Potomogeton pectinatus and Ceratophyllum verticillatum. Algae N. notha and N. odioas were found on Myrophyllum verticillatum leaves. Ten species were recorded for the first time at this study in Iraq from phytoplankton and epiphytic algae from the period of March, 2012 to February, 2013 : one species of Cyanophyta epiphytic algae Anacystis nidulans ;one species of chlorophyta epiphytic Trentepohlia aurea ; four species of phytoplankton Bacillariophyta centrales : Melosira jurgensi; M. undulata ; Stephanopyxis turris ; Thalassiosira anguste - lineata ; T.decipiens and four species of epiphytic Baciliariophyta pennales : Achanthes flexella; Amphora bullatoides ; Asterionella formosa ; Navicula notha.Five diversity indices : relative abundance, Species richness; Shanon - Weiner diversity ; Jaccard similarity index and Sorinson similarity index were calculated in this study. Relative abundance index for phytoplankton was 44.5 at site 3 in April, 2012 while, epiphytic algae recorded the highest value was 91.6 on the shoot of C.demersum at site 1 in February, 2013 ; on the roots and leaves of T.domengensis in sites 2 and 3 were 66.6 in March, 2012 and 36.36 in June, 2012 on the leaves the same of plant. The highest value of species richness of phytoplankton was 21.9 at site 3 in April , 2012while, for epiphytic algae was 18.3 on the leaves of M.verticillatum and 9.0 on shoot of P.pectinatus at site 4 in March, 2012; on the leaves of C.desmersmum was 12.3 at site 2 ; on the shoot of M.verticillatum plant was the highest value at site 1 on May and June, 2012, while, on leaves and shoot of P. australis plants was the highest value in May and July, 2012 at site 2 and on root of P. australis and shoot of P. pectinatus at site 4 on August, 2012and February, 2013 at site 3, respectively. Results cleared a similarity with high value of Jaccard and Sorenson indices ranged between 3.2 to 50.0 and 55.87 to 153.21 respectively, while, the value of Shanon - wiener diversity index was ranged between 0 - 18.3 as high value which were 4.6 of M. verticillatum plant leaves at site 1 for May and June, 2012 and at low value during the period of study at sites 2, 3 and 4 for most plant parts. A statistical analysis was done using the canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).

دراسة عدد من ملوثات الهواء وتاثيراتها البيئية في منطقتين مختارة من جانب الرصافة في بغداد == Study of Several Air Pollutants And Their Environmental Effects In Two Regions In Al - Rusafa Site In Baghdad

Author name: شيماء هادي حمادي الدليمي
Supervisor name: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Several air pollutant concentrations such as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), carbon oxides (COx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), methane (CH4), ozone (O3) and some heavy metals such as lead (Pb) , chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni). Were measured in selected areas of the Rusafa in Baghdad, Anda’lus square (as a commercial site) and Wazeria district (as industrial site).The results showed that the concentration of air pollutants from gases, SPM (NO2, CO, SO2, and SPM) and heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni) were exceeded globally and locally permissible limits in both study sites, while the concentration of O3, CO2 were within the globally and locally standard limits in both study sites. Commercial site had recorded higher concentrations of (CO2, SPM, Pb) than those of industrial site. While the industrial site had more pollution with (NO, NO2, CO, CH4, Cr). Results showed a relationship between climate factors and air pollutants, where windspeed, temperature, and relative humidity had influenced on the concentration of air pollutants.Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) to nitrogen dioxide gas was identified, by exposing a community of 30 adult male mice. The mice weights were between 23 - 31gm and their age was 8 - 12 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into five groups (6 male of each group). The exposure periods were 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 minutes using different concentrations 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm.The results showed a higher mortality during 150 and 200 ppm concentrations, for exposure periods of 80 and 100 minutes, but other concentrations have not been recorded. LC50 was calculated 161.86 ppm for 80 minutes and 110.53 ppm for 100 minutes.

دراسة التاثيرات الحادة والمزمنة للمبيد العشبي - 4, 2 دايكلوروفينوكسي اسيتك اسد في نوعين من اسماك الكارب == Study The Acute And Chronic Effects of The Herbicide 2, 4 - Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid In Two Species of Carp Fish

Author name: ضحى زكي السويفي
Supervisor name: احمد جاسم محمد العزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية التاثيرات السمية الحادة والمزمنة لمبيد 2, 4 - d في نوعين من اسماك الكارب (الاعتيادي والعشبي)، استعمل في دراسة التاثيرات الحادة عدة لكلا النوعين قيد الدراسة وكانت ((170, 165, 160, 155, 145, 140, 130 و(140, 130, 115, 95, 70)ملغم/لتر ع | This study included acute and chronic effects of 2, 4 - d pesticide in two species of carp fish (Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella) using several concentrations for the two carp fish species that were (130, 140, 145, 155, 160, 165, 170) and (70, 95, 115, 130, 140) mg/l respectively for 96 hours, to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the behavioral changes was used as a standard of those effects. Whereas three concentrations (20, 40 and 60) and (10, 15, 25) mg/l respectively for the two carp species were used in the chronic exposure for six weeks. The behavioral, histological and hematological changes were used as a standard to observe these effects through the study period. The value of LC50 for common carp fish were 157.77, 157.25, 156.41 and 152.62 mg/l. For grass carp, LC50 were 115.92, 114.92, 112.94 and 96.52 mg/l for 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs of exposure to 2, 4 - d pesticide concentrations respectively.Behavioral changes were recorded more effects in high concentrations than in low concentrations. To discover the toxic effects of this substance on fish, many parameters were used. They included the clinical symptoms by erratic swimming, hyperactivity, loss of equilibrium with respiratory effects such as rapid gill movement and swam near the water surface. While in chronic effects, blood parameters were changed in Red Blood Cell R.B.C., White Blood Cell W.B.C., Packed Cell Volume P.C.V., Haemoglobin Hb and liver enzyme (GPT & GOT).Values elevated significantly according to the pesticide concentration (P?0.001) and exposure periods (P?0.05) in comparison with control. The histological examination of the gills, liver and kidney of the common and grass carp fish after chronic exposure to 2, 4 - d herbicide showed pathological changes and alterations such as fusion of the secondary lamella, epithelial lifting, blood congestion, epithelial hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium and epithelial necrosis. In the liver, pathological changes were seen, including hepatocytes hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolation, blood congestion and cellular necrosis. Degenerative changes of the renal epithelium, necrosis in renal tubules and occlusion of the tubular lumen where the pathological alterations in the kidney.

تطبيق بعض طرق حفظ الحشرات على حشرة المن == Applicating of Some Methods of Maintainance On Aphids

Author name: ضياء عباس عبد الرضا الزيادي
Supervisor name: عبد المحسن حسين مؤنس
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الحشرات ذات اهمية اقتصادية وطبية وجمالية مما دعت بالباحثين الى دراستها من كافة الجوانب الفسلجية واطوار حياتها وتكيفاتها ومناطق استيطانها وطرق تغذيتها للوصول الى حلول كفيلة للحد من الاضرار المسببة عن الحشرات الاقتصادية والطبية من جانب ولتكثير وتربية ال

تاثير الماء المعالج مغناطيسيا في بعض الصفات المظهرية والكيموحيوية في عقل نبات الماش (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) == Effect of Magnetically Treated Water On Some Morphological And Biochemical Properties of Mung Bean (Phaseolus Aureus Roxb.) Cuttings

Author name: عامر راضي عبد الحسين جبار
Supervisor name: بشير عبد الحمزة محمد العلواني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted in order to investigate the role of magnetically water in the rooting of fresh and aged (phaseolus aureus roxb.) cuttings, and the impact of treated water in some morphological criteria and biochemical that interfere in the induction of rooting in cuttings and fall clearly when delayed induced auxin treatment in aged cuttings. Study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of biology at the University of Babylon, for the period 2012 - 2014 was the use of magnetic therapy devices (Magnitron) of water with three gauss 1000, 2000.3000 so as to provide a magnetic flow to distilled water and river water and used as well as the complete randomized design and analyzed the results statistically significant and valuable knowledge LSD to extract the significantly differences between the treatments and the results were as follows : Physiological parts1. Increase the number of roots significantly in cuttings when treat for 24 h.with auxin dissolved with distilled water processor in 1000 gauss amounted to 77.75 root / cutting.2. The results showed that the roots rate increased significantly in the treatment of fresh cuttings treated in distilled water processor 1000 gauss gave 64 root / cutting. As well as the rest treatments affect in rooting increase as given (58, 52.25) root / cutting for each of the treatment 2000.3000 gauss, respectively.3. The treatment of river water as well as magnetically influenced in increasing the number of roots significantly in three processes and the highest being in the 1000 gauss(84) root / cutting.4. The results showed that distilled water processor magnetic effect is significant in the processes that occur during ageing of the cuttings, which led to a reduction in rooting rate in aged cuttings, as it was observed that the treatment of the cuttings for 72 - hour in 1000 gauss is the best of the rest of the treatments amounted to 48 root / cutting. As the impact of river water processor magnetically significantly increase the number of roots in the aged cuttings as treatment given to 1000 gauss higher values 70 root / cuting.Biochemical parts.1. The results showed that chlorophyll content increased significantly when using the river water wizard three intensities (18.09, 17.43, 16.99) (spad) intensities of 1000, 2000.3000 gauss respectively.other each of distilled water and river water processor magnetically in 1000 gauss increase in chlorophyll content to 16.07, 18.57 (spad) respectively in aged cuttings.2. It was observed that the treatment of auxin dissolved in three intensities impacted significantly on the effectiveness of antioxidants defense system and the highest being at the treatment of the cuttings in auxin dissolved water magnetically processor in 1000 gauss, as was the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD 1.85 unit in the effectiveness of the enzyme CAT reached 15.30 unit and increased GSH content to 0.914 mg / g when compared with the control treatment.3. influenced the treatment of fresh cuttings in distilled water magnetically processor with three intensities are equally matched in the effectiveness of SOD and CAT, and the highest being at 1000 gauss magnetic intensity as it affected the effectiveness of the CAT to 31.62 units. Magnetic intensity also affected the same increase in GSH content reached significantly to 0.710 mg / g.4. The results showed the treatment of fresh cuttings river water magnetically wizard in three intensities increase in the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD and CAT, and the highest being at the treatment of 1000 gauss, amounting to 4.168, 45.9 U for both enzymes, respectively, as GSH content increased significantly, reaching 0.810 mg / g in the treatment of the fresh cuttings in 1000 gauss.5. I have not noticed any significant effect of distilled water processor magnetically as well as river water in the MDA content.6. The impact of distilled water processor 1000 gauss significantly in increasing the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD and CAT in aged cuttings, amounting to 2.88, 42.84 units respectively, as GSH content increased to 0.785 mg / g when the treatment of tresh cuttings in distilled water processor with 1000 gauss and also affected the rest of the intensities increase in GSH content in aged cuttings.7. increased the effectiveness of enzyme SOD and CAT when treated of aged cuttings in river water processor magnetically 1000 gauss, amounting to 2.9, 51.2 units respectively, as GSHwas significant increase in content to 0.854 mg / g when treatment aged cuttings in river water processor 1000 gauss and also affected the rest of the intensities increase in GSH content.8. The use of treated water magnetically 1000 gauss significantly effect in reducing the MDA content in aged cuttings 0.293 mg/g fresh weight.

الكشف عن بكتريا الكوكسيلا بيرنتي في حالات الاجهاض في الانسان والمجترات الصغيرة في محافظة ذي قار == Detection The Role of Coxiella Burnetii In Abortion of Human And Small Ruminants In The Thi - Qar Province

Author name: عباس دخيل مطر جبر الجوراني
Supervisor name: عبد الله كاظم هندي | محمد عبد الله جبر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: الحمى المجهولة من الامراض الواسعة الانتشار في العالم تحدث بسبب جرثومة الكوكسيلا بيرنتي.هذه الجرثومة تسبب عدة امراض الاجهاض هو الاكثر حدوثا. المخاطر البيولوجية وانشار هذه البكتريا على النساء المجهضة والحيوانات في العراق غير معروفة. لذلك هدفت هذه الدراسة ال | Query fever is a worldwide distributed disease caused by Coxiella burnetii bacteria causes several disease main of this disease is abortion, the biological hazard and prevalence of this bacterium on the aborted woman and small ruminants are not known in Iraq. Therefore this study was aimed to detection and isolation of Coxiella burnetii as a causative agent of abortion in woman and female of small ruminants.352 samples were collected includes human samples and animals samples. A total of 120 blood aborted women, 7 breast milk samples, 20 placental samples and 50 blood samples from normal women as control groups, these samples collected from Bent Al - Huda hospital in Thi - Qar province. Animals samples, a total of 80 aborted animal blood samples, 15 milk samples, 10 placental samples and 50 blood samples, these samples from normal animals as controls group, these samples collected from veterinary hospital in Thi - Qar province. The results of this study showed a high incidence of abortion occurs in first trimester of gestation (41.666%) and high incidence in rural regions (64.16%) and also age group from 21 to 30 years old (50%).The methods used for detection of Coxiella burnetii includes serology tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for confirmation serological test and isolation on embryonated chicken eggs and detection by PCR technique. Out of the 120 women serum samples analyzed by enzyme ELISA, the results of percentage of anti - Coxiella burnetii IgM and IgG in human samples were 36 (30 %). The percentage of anti - C. coxiella IgM in human samples were 10 (8.333%), while the percentage of anti - C. Coxiella burnetii IgG in human 26(%21.667%).. In animals total of (80) serum samples, the percentage of anti - C. coxiella IgM and IgG in animals' serum samples were 31(38.75%) The percentage of anti - Coxiella burnetii IgM in animals 10 (12.5%), while, the percentage of anti - C. coxiella IgG in animals are 21(26.25 %). PCR technique used for identification of Coxiella burnetii in human and animals samples by targeting three genes including outer membrane protein (com1 and com2), 16S rRNA and transposase insertion element (IS1111) genes. In human blood samples the com1 and com2 genes detected in 23of 120 (19.166%) samples and in breast milk samples 1 of 7 (14.28%). and not detected in placental samples. The 16S rRNA gene was detected in 16 of 120 blood samples (13.33%) and in breast milk samples and placental samples were not detected. The IS1111 gene was detected in 9 of 120 blood samples (7.5%) in human blood samples, also were not detected in milk and placental samples.. In animals blood samples the com1 and com2 genes were detected in 19 of 80 blood samples (23.75%) and were not detected in milk and placental samples. The 16S rRNA gene detected in the same percentage of com1 and com2 genes 19 of 80(23.75%) and in the milk samples and placental samples not detected. The IS1111 gene detected in 10 of 80 (12.5%) in animal blood samples, also were not detected in placental samples. An isolation of Coxiella burnetii which identified by ELISA and PCR via inoculated Coxiella burnetii buffy coat samples in embryonated chicken eggs from 6 to7 days old and then completed an incubated to 10 - 15 days, harvested yolk sac contains then detecting Coxiella burnetii by PCR. The results of PCR after inoculation of (43) samples were positive in PCR (100%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant different between ELISA test, PCR and isolation results in human and animals samples. These mean that we can use the ELISA in the primary diagnosis. The correlation coefficient was highly significantly between human and animal samples at 0.01%.

انتشار داء المقوسات العيني مع تقييم لبعض جوانب الحالة المناعية في عينة من المرضى العراقيين == Prevalence of Ocular Toxoplasmosis And Evaluation of Some Immune Status Aspects In A Sample of Iraqi Patients

Author name: عبير فاروق ساكن الحكيم
Supervisor name: اسراء قاسم العبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على 104 مريضا من المراجعين لوحدة الشبكية في مستشفى ابن الهيثم التعليمي للعيون في بغداد للمدة من بداية شهر كانون الاول 2013 لغاية شهر حزيران 2014. قسمت مجموعة المرضى استنادا للتشخيص السريري وفحص اختبار التلازن Latex test الى 50 مصابا | The current study was conducted on 104 patients whose underwent to the retina unit in Ibn Al - Haitham Hospital of Eyes in Baghdad from December 2013 to May 2014. The patients groups were divided according to the clinical diagnosis to 50 patients infected with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) and 54 patents with uveitis, in addition to these groups acontrol group was also included 96 healthy apparent persons without any infection in their eyes.Some epidemiological characters were studied like age, that showed a little effect on two groups OT (Mean of age 38.07 ± 15.14) and uveitis (Mean of age 35.1 ± 17.6). The two groups were found in range 20 - 40 year while the control group include individuals with different age due to the randomly collection. The occupation factor play arole in the prevalence of infection with highly significant differences (P<0.05) in (house wife, workers) with a percentages 35(70%) 35(64.8%) in OT and uveitis groups respectively but the control group expend to include house wife, workers and officers with a total rate 92.7%.The education level also showed significant differences (P<0.01) among the studied groups, the most of ocular toxoplasmosis and uveitis samples were found in highly frequency at the primary, intermediate and secondary educational level with total rate 74% and 77.81% respectively while the control group was found at the secondary and under graduate educational level in 77.1%. The residency character was also examined and no revealed significant difference (P<0.05).The infection path was also set by the presence of animals especially cats which ware existed leading to statistical differences, p? 0.01 for OT group with rate 18%. The visual activity character showed no significant difference (P?0.05) between the patients of OT and uveitis who affected their visual acuity in right eye while the doubling response was recorded for uveitis patients with rate 55.6% in comparable with OT patients with rate 38% for the left eye. The intra ocular pressure was normal in both groups and for both eyes without significant difference.Latex and ELISA IgG. IgM serological tests were used in this study. The results were showed that latex test is easier and it is appear that OT patients were diagnosis with 100%, while the uveitis patients didn't show any positive result. Control group showed that 21 individuals were infected with rate of 21.9%.ELISA - IgG toxo. antibodies confirmed that the infection rate of OT patients was 39 (78%) versus 11(22%) with negative result, while the study also confirm that uveitis patient that have OT disease was 12 patient from 54 case, 42 case didn't diagnosis for OT. The control group was re - evaluated showed 28 case with toxoplasmosis infection from 96 case which from the subclinical group. The antibodies levels were measure by international unit/ ml for all groups, the IgG level was 3.186 ± 1.703 Iu/ml in positive control group followed by OT patients with 2.927 ± 2.417 and uveitis group 0.637 ± 0.803, finally the negative control group 0.276 ± 0.163. IgM levels were low and its presence didn't have any positive case. This study also showed that there was a relation between the IgG level and the pathological effect on eyes which resulted from infection for both groups OT and uveitis, it was high rate 73.5% with 50 patient, for posterior uveitis causing significant differences (P<0.05) followed by anterior uveitis with rate 13.2%.As for the results of cytokines there was a high level of IFN - ? in positive control group 793.7 ± 3461.6 pg/ml followed by OT group 550.6 ± 210.6 pg/ml, the uveitis group that in infected with ocular toxoplasmosis and negative control recorded 524.1 ± 173.6 and 506.6 ± 104.6 pg/ml levels respectively, this rise in the level of IFN - ? cause a significant differences at (P<0.05) for OT, uveitis (non infected) and positive control groups. TNF - ? recorded arise of its level in positive control group 34.89 ± 12.29 pg/ml followed by OT group 32.24 ± 9.91 pg/ml then positive uveitis group 23.61 ± 12.91 pg/ml after them negative control 14.62 ± 5.43 pg/ml finally negative uveitis group with 7.76 ± 4.04 pg/ml.High level of 1L - 12 was gotin positive control group in a concentration 827.00 ± 224.25 pg/ml followed by OT group with 811.28 ± 179.40 pg/ml. An increase in 1L - 17A was recorded in positive control group with mean 327.65 ± 77.89 pg/ml while converged concentration in OT group 263.73 ± 47.48 and positive uveitis group 252.57 ± 61.55 pg/ml. The lowest level was in negative control group 421.6 ± 168.14 pg/ml. MCP - 1 showed a rise in its level in positive control group 274.09 ± 92.05 pg/ml and reduce in OT patients 217.68 ± 98.70 pg/ml, while the two groups negative and positive uveitis recorded levels 155.71 ± 99.51 and 132.60 ± 99.02 pg/ml respectively. The lowest level was register in negative control 97.56 ± 79.17 pg/ml.

العلاقة بين متلازمة تكيس المبايض وهرمون المضاد لمولر وبرامج تحريض الاباضة عند اجراء عملية التمنية داخل الرحم

Author name: عبير ناظم جاسم
Supervisor name: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين | صباح مهدي حسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: Al-Nahrain University - Higher Institute For Infertility Diagnosis And Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد متلازمة المبيض متعدد الا كياس هي من اكثر امراض الغدد الصماء شيوعا عند النساء حيث يصاب من النساء في سن الانجاب مايقارب (5 - 10%). الاعراض الرئيسيه لمرض متلازمة المبيض متعدد الاكياس هو اضطراب الدوره الشهريه مع فشل لاباضه وظهور اعراض زيادة الهرمون الذكر

التحري الجزيئي عن بعض التغيرات في الدنا المايتوكونديري للنطف لمرضى يعانون من وهن حركة النطف == Molecular Screening of Some Changes In Sperm Mitochondrial DNA In Asthenozoospermic Patients

Author name: عدي عدنان مهدي
Supervisor name: اسماعيل عبد الرضا عبد الحسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: من خلال البحوث والدراسات التي اجريت على اسباب وهن حركة النطف لدى الرجال الا انه هناك عدد من المسببات لم تحدد والى الوقت الحاضر. الا انه بالرغم من ذلك بعض الدراسات تشيربان العامل الوراثي يلعب دور في ذلك والمتمثل بعضيات المايتوكوندريا والحاوية على الدنا الم | Through researches and studies done on the causes of the asthenozoospermia in men, although there was no specific reason so far responsible for the infertility in people, but some of the studies were indicated that the genetic factors plays a role in the sperm dysmotility through the mitochondria that contained mitochondrial DNA responsible for providing the energy required for the sperm motility by production of ATP, which serve as the fuel that is consumed by sperm during motility. This study is conducted to determine the changes that could occur in the sperm mtDNA which included (common deletion, mtDNA copy number per cell and mutations in the ATPase8 and ATPase6 genes).This study was consisted of two parts as follow : The first part was consisted of two steps : The first step conducted on 71 samples from subjects suffering from the weakness of the movement of sperm and 12 samples from subjects who have a normal movement of sperm, total samples were 83 samples were divided patient samples into 5 groups depending on the percentage of the sperm motility under the classification adopted by the World Health Organization as well as a control group, that it has become 6 groups, these samples were subjected for investigation about the mitochondrial DNA deletions and mitochondrial DNA copy number by using real time PCR.On the other hand was taking 66 sample dispersed sample 56 patients and 10 healthy samples were subjected to the tests of ATPase6 and ATPase8 genes sequences for detection about mtDNA mutation.The second step was included the use of discontinuous gradient centrifugation (percoll) , which are 40 % and 80 % which represent both progressive and non progressive motile sperms, bringing the total samples 166 samples that collected and fractionated in a hospital, Kamal Al - Samarrai to treat infertility and IVF in Baghdad and examined for further molecular investigations for the period from February 2012 to October 2013.The second part was included the molecular tests that carried out after DNA extraction from the cells and this part include three steps : The first step was to investigate the common deletion in mtDNA where the results showed that the total number of deleted samples in the group (0 - 5) in the nonprogressive sperm was 81.25 %, which ranged between 6.8 - 74.7% while the ratio between the other groups 6 - 10, 11 - 15 , 16 - 20, 21 - 25 where were 75, 35.72, 28.5 , 36.3, and 12% for control group respectively. The second step was to investigate the sperm mtDNA copy number. The same groups where the results showed that the content of DNA in subjects with impaired movement of sperm was high compared with the control group where scored in some samples the highest level of gene expression 246.9 copies per cell in the group (0 - 5%) either other groups have shown lower levels were observed in groups (6 - 10) , (11 - 15) , (16 - 20) and (21 - 25) were 203.1, 180.7, 133.5 and 128.3 copies per cell, either the highest level of DNA content of the control group was 94.7 copies per cell, there was also a significant difference (P>0.05) between the normospermic motile isolated from 80% class and poor sperm movement isolated from 40 % class. The third step was included the detection of mutations by analyzing the sequences of the MT - ATAase8 and MT - ATPase6 genes which documented 59 mutations that were 23 missense and 36 silent mutations where all of them were heteroplasmic mutation except for a single mutation of the type missense (A8860G) which was homoplasmic mutation was noticed in all mtDNA copies of patients and control subjects also in progressive and non progressive sperm cells. Thought this current study novel nucleotides changes in MT - ATAase8 and MT - ATPase6 genes among groups where 3 novel missense mutations in MT - ATAase8 gene at positions (8378, 8483 and 8558), the changes of nucleotides bases were A>G, A>C, A>C and A>C respectively, replacing Asparagine to Aspartic acid, Leucine to Proline and Proline to Alanine respectively. Also two novel missense mutations were observed in MT - ATPase6 gene at positions nt (8822 and 9055) where the changes nucleotides were (C >T and G>A) that replaced amino acids (Serine to Phenylalanine and Alanine to Threonine) respectively. Silent novel heteroplasmic change as a transition substitutions in ATPase8 gene at position nt (8371) by replacing C>T without any changing in amino acid of protein. Results of this present study showed novel heteroplasmic silent mutations in ATPase6 gene at positions nt (8899, 9048 and 9060) nucleotides changes (C>T, T>C and C>A) respectively, without changing in amino acid of protein which were observed in infertile group

تقييم بعض الدلائل الحيوية وصورة الدهون وعلاقتها مع مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني == Assessment of Some Biomarkers And Lipid Profile In Relation With Diabetic Patients Type 2

Author name: عذراء باقر حسن الشيباوي
Supervisor name: ارشد نوري غني الدجيلي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: لازال البحث مستمرعن ايجاد متغيرات جديدة قد تساعد في تشخيص ومتابعة مرض السكر وهو من المجالات المهمة في ميادين البحث العلمي حيث ركزت بعض الدراسات على حالة الانسولين بينمراكزت بحوث اخرى على صورة الدهون والشدة التاكسدية كاسباب للسكري. اجريت هذه الدراسة لمرض | The search of a new parameters for monitoring and even prediction of diabetes mellitus (DM) are still an important issue in many research fields. Some studies focused on the role of insulin status, while others concentrated on lipid disturbances or even oxidative stress disorders in the diabetes. This study was conducted on randomly selected 68 type 2 diabetic patients (27 Males and 41 Females) attending the diabetes mellitus center in Al - Sadder Teaching Hospital in Al - Najaf province, Iraq and a group of 20 apparently healthy subjects (10 Males and 10 Females) were included as a control group. The study was carried out from February 2013 to July 2013. The age of patients and control groups were range of 35 - 65years. The concentration of fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, HDL, Apelin, Omentin, Vaspin, Visfatin and BMI were estimated in patients and control groups. The results show significant increase (P?0.05) in fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels in patients compared with control groups, also the results show significant decrease (P?0.05) in HDL and Omentin level in patients compared with control groups. The results revealed that all biomarkers (Apelin, Omentin, Vaspin and Visfatin) not significant difference (P>0.05) in patients at different ages. The results also revealed that biomarkers (Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin) levels increase significantly (P?0.05) in males than females in both patients and control groups, while the result of omentin level reveal no significant difference (P>0.05) between males and females in both patients and control groups. The results also revealed that significant increase (P?0.05) in BMI in patients compared with control groups. The results also show that biomarkers (Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin) concentration increase significantly (P?0.05) with increasing BMI in males than females compared with control groups, while the result of omentin concentration show no significant difference (P>0.05) in patients and control groups and show lower significantly increase (P?0.05) in females than males compared with control groups. The results have been shown significant positive correlation (P?0.05) between biomarkers (Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin) and FBG, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL in patients (males and females), while the results have been shown significant negative correlation (P?0.05) between biomarkers (Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin) and HDL in patients (males and females). The results also have been shown significant negative correlation (P?0.05) between omentin and FBG, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL in patients (males and females), while the results have been shown significant positive correlation (P?0.05) between omentin and HDL in patients (males and females). The results also have been shown no significant correlation (P>0.05) between Vaspin and FBG in patients (males and females). The present study concluded that Apelin, Omentin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels maybe that could be adopted as markers for detection and diagnosis of diabetic patients type 2.

تقييم قابلية بعض انزيمات السليليز الفطري على تخمير تخمير بقايا النباتات لانتاج الايثانول == Evaluation of Capability of Some Fungal Cellulase In Fermentation of Plant Residues For Ethanol Production

Author name: عذراء حرجان محسن الدحيدحاوي
Supervisor name: فاطمة عبد الحسين التميمي | محسن هاشم رسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم قابلية بعض انزيمات السليليز الفطري على تخمير بقايا النباتات على انتاج الايثانول من بعض الفطريات المحلية المعزولة من 50 نموذج من التربة والذي تضمن Aspergillus oryzae , A. niger, A. terreus , A.flavus , A.fumigatus, A.parasiti | The present study was conducted to proceed a Bioethanol production using some of the waste fermentation plant by cellulosic hydrolysis enzyme produced by some local fungi isolated from 50 samples from soil which were including Aspergillus oryzae, A.niger, A.terreus , A.flavus , A.fumigatus, A.parasiticus, A.nidulans, Penicilliuum chrysogenum, Trichoderma longi, Rhizopus stolonifer, Cladosporium spp, Mucor indicus, Trichothecium spp. The prominent isolates were A. oryzae, A.niger, A. terreus which were chosen for further studies and screening to producing cellulase enzymes the fungal isolates revealed variation values of clear zone It’s (5.1, 5, 5, 4.8) cm to A. oryzae, A.niger, A. terreus , A.flavus respectively. The results revealed that the suitable carbon source to the cellulase activity was induced in different raw plant substrate, the highest was produced when using Corn cobs, Rice husk and Reed reached to (1.72, 2, 1.26)IU/ ml respectively when using A. oryzae and (1.24, 1.17, 1.89) IU/ ml when using A.niger, and (1.31, 1.19, 1.93)IU/ ml when using A. terreus. but using the cellulose powder and CMC, Avical sole carbon source total cellulase given least activity compare with raw plant substrate.on the other hand, using Mandels - Weber medium activity of enzyme production by A. oryzae, A.niger, A. terreus recorded (6.51, 4.14, 5.61) U/ ml respectively when using Corn cobs and (5.79, 4.03, 5.24) U/ ml and (5.55, 3.97, 5.19) U/ ml when using Rice husk and Reed by different fungi. The results refers that , the best chemical pretreatment results were appear when using NaOH at 100Co in 30min on Corn cobs, the total cellulase activity were (1.63, 1, 1.21) U / ml when using fungal isolated to degradation after treatment, while using hot water at100Co without NaOH in 15 min to pretreatment Rice husk activity were (2.16, 2.07, 2.12) U / ml but Reed are appear high activity when pretreatment with NaOH at 100C0 in 15min activity It’s (2.28, 1.65, 2.09) U / ml. The results revealed that, The optimized conditions of the enzymes were different in this study that give activities of Fpase, CMCase and ? - glucosidases to fungus A. oryzae compared to the rest of the fungi using Corn cobs as carbon source, it reached to(2.21, 2.30, 46.72) IU / ml respectively when pH6, and temperature tested for these enzymes recorded (1.64, 1.61, 30.86) IU\ ml respectively at a temperature of 30 C° and when using the concentration of substrate gave activity (2.4o, 2.48, 42.34) IU / ml of 6 % from Corn cobs and recorded when using nitrogen source concentration at 6 % (1.92, 1.89) IU\ ml in KNO3 and (NH4)2SO4 to Fpase and CMCase and the effectiveness of ? - glucosidase at the same nitrogen source (43.54, 50) IU / ml. on the other hand, showed enzymes Fpase, CMCase and ? - glucosidase high activities to ? - glucosidase, CMCase to fungus A. oryzae compared to the rest of the fungi using Reed as carbon source reached (2.31, 2.21, 46.15) IU/ml respectively at pH 6, and at different temperatures were (1.66, 30.94) IU/ml to Fpase and ? - glucosidase at 30 C°, but CMCase gave the highest efficacy (1.60) IU \ml at 25 C° and decreased effectiveness to (2.60, 2.57, 49.69) IU / ml at 6 % of the carbon source recorded effectiveness of the enzyme Fpase (1.19, 1.09) IU / ml when using (NH4)2PO4 and (NH4)2SO4 at 6 % as a nitrogen source of from either enzymatically CMCase and ? - glucosidase was effective at same nitrogen source (1.29, 2) and (35.19, 40.41) IU / ml respectively.The results showed when you use a Rice husk recorded higher effective enzymatic Fpase and CMCase and ? - glucosidases of fungus A. oryzae was (2.32, 39.27) IU /ml for Fpase and ? - glucosidases at pH 6 but CMCase gave the highest efficacy at 5 pH as recorded (2.04) IU / ml at temperatures 30 C°, reached to (1.64, 1.58, 29.13) IU / ml respectively for Fpase and CMCase and ? - glucosidases at a temperature of 30 C°, and when using 6% of the substrate was effective (2.47, 2.19, 44.86) IU / ml, activity recorded when using (NH4)2PO4 and (NH4)2SO4 at 6 % as a nitrogen source of (1.1) IU / ml to FPase on either enzymatically CMCase and ? - glucosidase was effective when use same a nitrogen source (1.18, 1.83) and (31.92, 36.91) IU/ml, respectively. In addition, The results refers when precipitation by ammonium sulfate specific activity were (38.69, 1.25, 5767.5) IU of the enzyme with 0.012 mg protein and then, Elution protein of crude enzyme solution of A.oryzae from DEAE - cellulose column was shown to the protein was separated in (33) fractions.It was found that only the fractions (F - 8) contained cellulase activity, while fraction (F - 30) eluted in column containing buffer and different concentrations of NaCl then using gel filtration and gave three peak of enzymes alone and Characterize enzymes purified FPase activity was found at 5.5 pH which (0.91) U and temperature was having activity at 25 and 30 C°, were (0.14, 0.15) U and CMCase found that the enzyme exhibited maximum activity at 25 C° was (0.33) U but 30 C° for ? - glucosidase was (38.22) U and the molecular weight of the protein was found to be about (38, 52 and 49) kD for (FPase, CMCase, ? - glucosidase) respectively. Finally, estimated ethanol density (0.80 - 0.91) g /ml and ethanol concentration (60 - 97) % but using chromic acid test of purified ethanol the complex enzyme with Reed, complex enzyme with Corn cobs recoded high value of ethanol which were (0.98, 1.72, 1.87, 1.89 ) % and (1.09, 1.83, 1.92, 1.99) % respectively but complex enzyme with Rice husk were given (1.01, 1.12, 1.48, 1.79) % in 4, 5, 6, and 7 days respectively on the other hand, when using the A.oryzae and A.terreus with Reed gave high ethanol value from other fungi with substrate in this study, and observed Rice husk in all results was recorded less absorbance at 350 nm and determination of ethanol concentration by gas chromatography mass used ethanol concentration 99 % as standard, also we showed the ethanol when using enzyme pure with substrate in which were (93.7, 97.1, 88) % ethanol to enzyme with Corn cobs and Reed and Rice husk respectively

دور بكتريا الزوائف. Pseudomonas spp في التحلل البايلوجي للمركبات الهيدروكاربونية والمقاومة الاحيائية == The Role of The Pseudomonas Spp In The Biodegradation of The Hydrocarbon Compounds And Biological Resistance

Author name: عقيل شنان عمران الميالي
Supervisor name: علي عبد رحيم الناشي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة جمع 60 عينة من مصادر بيئية مختلفة ضمت ترب ملوثة وغير ملوثة بالمركبات الهايدروكاربونية ومياه بزل في محافظة الديوانية ومن مصادر سريرية لمرضى اخماج المسالك البولية في مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي, للمدة من 28 كانون الثاني2013 حتى 1 شباط 2014. هدفت | This study included collection of 60 samples from different environmental sources involved contaminated and non contaminated soils by hydrocarbon compounds and from drainage waters in Diwaniyah province and clinical sources in Diwaniyah teaching hospital, for the period from 28 January 2013 to 1 February 2014. This study aimed to isolation and identification the species of Pseudomonas and metabolic efficiency test in the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds and measure the effectiveness of antagonism in resistant pathogenic fungi to tomato plant. Thirty four isolates were identified, the Pseudomonas spp. was the highest frequency with 22 isolates. These isolates distributed to 16 isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa and 6 isolates of pseudomonas fluorescens. Also this study included isolation of two pathogenic fungi which were Alternaria alternate and Fusarium solani in tomato plant. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences at (p<0.05) between the bacterial isolates in their analysis of hydrocarbon compounds, when the optical density measurement as an indicator of the effectiveness of growth on hydrocarbon sources. All isolates showed different optical densities were highest isolation of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urinary tract infections as optical density amounting to 0.23nm. Also showed an increase in electrical conductivity values for all isolates within the incubation period, the highest value to the hospital (1) isolate with 12.8 mc/cm in the third week of the incubation, But decreased in the sixth week to 8.7 mc/cm and all isolates showed a good effectiveness of electrical conductivity in the third week and noted significant differences (p<0.05) in electrical conductivity values for isolates compared with control of 7.2 mc/cm. The results of the DNA electrophoresis of the all isolates contain the two genes (C23O and rhIB) which they code for the production of hydrocarbon - degrading enzymes. In Bio - antagonism experiments noted that all isolates were inhibitory to the growth of two pathogenic fungi and stimulating the growth of tomato plants in glass and field experiments through increase germination, vegetative ratio and root length and increased weights with significant difference at (p<0.05)with seed treatment with fungus only. The best isolates increased in germination were pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital isolate and pseudomonas fluorescens generating isolate which had stimulated germination rate to 76% with significant difference when compared with the control of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani which germination rate was 36 and 40 respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa which isolated from soil was more efficient in increasing the length of the stem, the stem height was 7.53 cm compared with the control treatment with F. solani, the stem height was 5.7 cm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital which led to an increase in the length of the total root to 3.66 cm compared with the control treatment with F.solani at 1.53 cm. The increase in fresh and dry weights of Total vegetative reached 0.64 gm and 0.065 gm respectively when the treatment of seed contaminated with F.solani fungus and pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital isolate compared to the control which the weights were 0.11 g and 0.011 gm respectively. The highest increase in fresh and dry weights of total root of 0.057 gm and 0.0072 gm respectively when treated seeds contaminated with the F. solani with P. fluorescens hydrocarbon contaminated soil isolate compared with control that the fresh and dry weights was 0.032 g and 0.0017 g respectively. The highest value of stem length registered when treating seed with A. alternata which was 7.5 cm when treating seed contaminated with A. alternata by P. fluorescens isolated from soil contaminated with hydrocarbon compounds. The lowest value of stem length was 7.3 cm for the treatment of seeds contaminated with the A. alternata by P. aerugionsa isolated from the drainage water compared with control treatment (seeds contaminated with A. alternata) which stem length was 6.33cm. As for the fresh and dry weight for total vegetation was the highest value of 0.8 gm and 0.793 gm respectively when the treatment of seeds contaminated with the A. alternata P. aerugionsa isolated from urinary tract infections and the lowest value of fresh weight was 0.61gm for total vegetation when treated seeds contaminated with the A. alternata by P. aerugionsa isolated from soil non contaminated with hydrocarbon compounds and 0.069 gm when treated seeds contaminated with the A. alternata by P. aerugionsa which Isolated from drainage water compared with control treatment which were 0.15 gm and 0.0014 gm of fresh and dry weight for total vegetation, respectively. As for fresh and dry weight of total root were the highest value 0.071 gm and 0.008 gm respectively, when the treatment of seeds contaminated with the A. alternata by P. fluorescens isolated from soil contaminated with hydrocarbon compounds. while the lowest value were 0.058 gm and 0.0065 gm when treated seeds contaminated with the A. alternata by P. aerugionsa isolated from soil non contaminated with hydrocarbon compounds compared to control treatment (seeds contaminated with the A. alternata only)which the fresh and dry weight values for total root were 0.046 gm and 0.0018 gm respectively. When antagonism study in the glass field, the highest percentage of inhibition of the growth of the F. solani on PDA and cetramide agar were 42% and 61% respectively, when treated with P. fluorescens generator isolate. While the bacterial antagonism with A. alternata on PDA media, the highest percentage of inhibition 51% when treated with the transaction P. fluorescens generator isolate on PDA media. Generally, the treatment of pathogenic fungi with biological control bacteria had reduced the percentage of infection and increase the percentage of germination.

دراسة مناعية ووراثية تتبعية لمرضى العقم من الرجال == A Prospective Immunological And Genetic Study of Infertile Men

Author name: علي عبد الزهرة مهدي الفحام
Supervisor name: يحيى كاظم السلطاني | عبد الزهرة كاظم محمد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: ان من الحقائق العلمية الثابتة اليوم ان الفحص الروتيني للسائل المنوي يعد عاملا تنبؤيا اجماليا للقدرة الاخصابية للرجال، ولذلك فان حاجة متزايدة بدات تبرز لاكتشاف فحوصات وظيفية جديدة في عملية تقييم العقم عند الرجال. ان الهدف الاساس من هذه الدراسة هو تعزيز الج | It is a scientific fact today that routine seminal fluid analysis is a key predictor of male reproductive potentiality ; so that there is an increasing need for finding out other functional tests in the assessment of male infertility. The main goal of the current study is to consolidate the scientific and practical efforts concerned with male infertility assessment especially from immunological and genetic aspects. The study was carried out between January 2013 and December 2013 including one hundred (100) selected infertile men who attended the Fertility Center in al - Sadr Medical City in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf Governorate, the study also included twenty (20) healthy volunteer fertile men as a control. Serum and seminal antisperm antibodies (ASA) were determined by ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) technique ; sperm chromatin condensation was evaluated by aniline blue staining (AB) ; sperm DNA fragmentation (damage) was evaluated by toluidine blue staining (TB). The results showed that the incidence and concentration of serum and seminal plasma ASA in the infertile men were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in control fertile men. The incidence and concentration of serum and seminal ASA were also significantly (p<0.05) higher in normozoospermic infertile patients than that in control fertile men. There was a high significant negative correlation (p<0.01) between the concentration of serum and seminal plasma ASA in the infertile men and sperm motility and progressive motility, the concentration of serum and seminal ASA also showed a high significant positive correlation (p<0.01) with sperm agglutination, and a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with seminal WBC count. The results also revealed that there were no significant effects (p>0.05) for patients' age, infertility duration, ABO blood groups and smoking habits on the levels of ASA in the serum and seminal fluid, while higher significant increase (p<0.01) in serum and seminal ASA concentrations was observed in infertile patients with varicocele as compared with those without. The results have also revealed that the percentage of sperm with chromatin decondensation and DNA damage has shown a high significant (p<0.01) increase in infertile patients compared to fertile men. There was also a significant increase (p<0.05) in sperm DNA damage in normozoospermic infertile patients comparing with fertile men, but no significant difference (p>0.05) was found in sperm chromatin condensation between normozoospermic patients and fertile men. Both sperm chromatin decondensation and sperm DNA damage showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with sperm morphology, and a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) with sperm concentration, motility and progressive motility. The present study also revealed that the level of chromatin decondensation has been affected by patients' age, infertility duration, smoking habits and varicocele. It was observed that the higher percentage of chromatin decondensation was recorded in patients older than 37 years, and in patients subgroups with infertility duration more than 15 years, it was also higher in smoker as compared with non - smoker patients and in those with varicocele as compared with those without. Similarly, the level of sperm DNA damage has also been affected by patients' age, smoking habits and varicocele. It was observed that the highest percentage of sperm DNA damage was recorded in patients older than 37 years. The highest level of sperm DNA damage was also seen in smoker patients as compared with non - smokers and in those with varicocele as compared with those without. In contrast, the effect of infertility duration on sperm DNA damage was not statistically different (p>0.05). The correlation and regression results recorded high significant correlations (p<0.01) between serum ASA and seminal plasma ASA, and between sperm chromatin decondensation and sperm DNA damage. However, there was no significant correlation (p>0.05) between the level of serum and seminal ASA and each of sperm chromatin decondensation and sperm DNA damage. The current study concluded that the defects in sperm chromatin status (chromatin decondensation and DNA damage), and the immunological disorders caused by serum and seminal plasma ASA may - at least partially - contribute to the etiology of infertility of the patients under study, even in those with normal seminal parameters. However, it seems that ASA affect fertility in a pathway that is different from that affected by sperm chromatin defect. It was recommended that both sperm chromatin staining techniques and ASA tests could be routinely used as complementary tests to diagnose infertility.

تشخيص بكتريا Neisseria gonorrhoeae بالطرق التقليدية والجزيئية في المرضى الذكور ودراسة مدى تاثيرها في حدوث الحذوف في موقع AZF == Conventional And Molecular Diagnosis of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae In Male Patients And Study Its Suspected Effects In Microdeletions In Azf Locus

Author name: غزوان علي مسلم الرماحي
Supervisor name: عبد الرضا عبد الحسن اللامي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study includes 82 clinical samples from male patients suspected to have gonorrhea (urethral discharge with dysuria). Two types of samples were collected from each patient, urethra swab and blood samples from patients who attended Al - Yarmouk teaching hospital in Baghdad city, Clinics and private laboratories during a period from December 2012 to April 2013. All of them were married and have children's, and 20 samples were taken from apparently healthy subjects.Cases caused by gonococci were diagnosed by finding the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria in the samples using microscopic examination and culturing on rich media chocolate agare for growth bacteria and selective media modified Thayer martin agar (MTM) contact antibiotic to prevent growth of all the types of bacteria except N. gonorrhoeae.Microscopic examination using specific kit for gram stain, showed gram negative diplococcus, like bean shape. Culturing on rich media revealed that 82 (100%) samples positive but re culturing on Modified Thayer martin media revealed that 76 (92.68%) out of 82 positive. Then biochemical test had the same results.Results of the molecular diagnosis of the bacteria causing gonorrhea using specific primers that were specific for the Orf1 gene, revealed that 80.26% of samples (61 out of 76) were positive. Results of the microdeletion in Y chromosome AZFc region revealed that no microdeletion were occurred in SY - 254 STS and BPY - 2 gene.This study, provided high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of gonorrhea using PCR technique which is cheaper and faster than traditional methods. Also, PCR - based method for detection of N.gonorrhoeae can be readily used in hospitals and laboratories.

الكشف عن السمية الوراثية لمستخلص نبات الصبار Aloe vera باستعمال المؤشرات الجزيئية والخلوية == Genotoxic Effect of Aloe Vera Extract Using Molecular And Cytogenetic Markers

Author name: غيث منذر فاضل
Supervisor name: نضال نعمة حسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Genetics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نبات الصبار Aloe vera L. من النباتات المهمة والتي تستعمل حاليا بشكل واسع في مجال صناعة الادوية ويضاف هلام الصبار الى اغلب مستحضرات التجميل مع بعض المواد الغذائية في جميع انحاء العالم, لذا تم دراسة التاثيرات السمية الخلوية والوراثية لتراكيز مختلفة من المس | Aloe vera L. is one of the important plants in the world.It is currently and widely used in pharmaceutical industry, and its gel in some time added to some foods all over the world. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and genetic effects of crude, alcohol and aqueous extracts of Aloe vera gel toward the onion(Allium cepa L.) roots (as a biological system) exposure at different periods. Onions roots were treated with different concentrations of the extracts : 2% , 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% (v/v)of the crud extract , 5%, 10%, 20% 30% and 50% (v/w) of alcohol extract and the concentration 25%, 50%, 100%, 150% and 200%(v/w) of aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel exposed for different period (24, 48 and 72) hour. The investigation were focused on the effect of these extracts on onions roots length rate and some cellular properties (mitotic index, phase index, the percentage and type of chromosome aberrations, as well as a genetic study using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of onions roots treated with different concentration of this extracts. Results showed that all Aloe vera gel extracts had inhibit activity toward onion roots length rate. The inhibition associated positively with the increasing concentration. The effective concentration (EC50%) were 10% of the crude extract, 20% of the alcoholic extract and 100% of aqueous extract, indicating the effectiveness of the crude extract followed by alcoholic extract and then the aqueous extract. Cytological study showed that all Aloe vera gel extract revealed a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI%) of the onion roots cells compared with the control group, and the effect was positively associated with the increasing concentrations of the extract. However, the effect was independent on the exposure period. The concentrations 10%, 20% and 150% of the crude, alcohol and aqueous extract respectively indicated a reduction of the mitotic index to almost 50% of the control treatment. Therefore, this concentrations considered as sub - lethal concentrations for this extracts respectively while the higher concentrations than 30%, 50% and 200% of the crude, alcohol and aqueous extract which reduced the mitotic index to almost 22% of the control treatment were considered as lethal concentrations. The results also showed a significant decreases in prophase and an increase in metaphase in onion roots cells treated with extracts comparison with control treatment. Many of chromosomal abnormalities were appeared due to the treatments of the onion roots with different concentration of the extracts, the percent abnormalities was increased with the increasing concentration of the extract and exposure period. The most frequent of chromosome abnormalities were chromosomal stickiness, disturbed chromosome, chromosomal bridges, C - mitosis, vagrant chromosomes in addition to the other chromosomal abnormalities star telophase. The toxicity effect of Aloe vera gel were studded on molecular level by using random amplification polymorphism of DNA(RAPD). Ten random primers were used, seven of them gave polymorphic bands in all the studied samples and their molecular weights were ranging from 100 to 1600 base pair. The results of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) showed significant difference in the number of DNA band and their molecular weight of the onion roots treated with Aloe vera extracts compare to control treatment. The high concentrations(higher than EC50%) of extracts were showed to be more effective on the DNA through the appearance or disappearance of larger number of DNA band in comparison with control. The genetic template stability (% GTS) was significantly decreased in DNA of onions root treated with high concentrations (higher than EC50%) of Aloe vera extracts, therefore the high concentrations of Aloe Vera extracts were considered to be genetically toxic. The genetic dendrogram was obtained using Jaccard factor of genetic divergence and the result showed segregation of the samples treated with heights concentrations (%40 200% and 50%) of crude, alcohol and aqueous extract from other samples and control treatment. Therefore, the RAPD method can be considered as an efficient method in detecting for assessment of genotoxicity of crude, alcohol and aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel.

تقييم وعزل فيروس الانفلونزا للانسان ودراسة الاستجابة المناعية في الجرذان التجريبية == Evaluation And Isolation of Human Influenza Virus And Studying Their Immune Response In Experimental Rats

Author name: فاديه مهدي مسلم العبيدي
Supervisor name: عبد المجيد عبد الله السعدي | يونس عبد الرضا الخفاجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: This study has been conducted for the first time in Najaf / Iraq, and the study included the preparation of a local inactivated vaccine (whole and subunit).The number of cases infected with seasonal influenza virus were 647 cases out of one thousand suspected case. They were distributed into eleven groups. Seasonal influenza virus was detected by two diagnostic methods (rapid test device and real time PCR).The present study has reflected that the most diagnosed cases infected with seasonal influenza virus during the period extended from March 26, 2012 up to April 30, 2013 represented by were type A (H3N2) (283) cases. Whereas H1N1 (148) cases, H3N2+H1N1, (56) cases, H1N1 + H3N2 + B were (30) cases and 130 cases were infected with type B.Current study also revealed that age group of 46 - 60 years old infected with seasonal influenza virus were (159) case including (368) male and females were (279) of different infected group..The spread of seasonal influenza virus in Najaf varies from one region to another depending on the population density. Clinical cases were collected randomly during the months of the year. It has been found that the spread of disease has something to do with temperature and humidity as high humidity and low temperature lead to increased spread of the disease because of their relationship at the stage of the spread of epidemic influenza that spread from Dec 26, 2012 and up to April 1, 2013 in addition to expatriates infected..Two techniques were used for isolation of seasonal influenza virus first inoculation of embryonated chicken egg and secondly chicken fibroblast cell culture.It was found that at the embryonated egg lethal dosage (ELD 50 / 0.5 ml) (109.6) whereas tissue culture infective dosage (TCID50 / 0.1 ml) was (109.3) of (H1N1+ H3N2) and type (B) virus..Virus was purified by two ways that are depending on the vaccine type. The gamma irradiation that dosage used for inactivating vaccine of the purified virus which was extracted from allantoic fluid and tissue culture was (5.702) mSv/h for subunit virus vaccine type whereas gamma irradiation dosage for complete (whole) virus vaccine was (8.816) mSv/h. The results proved that immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA and IgG) levels as well as (IL - 17, IL - 10 and INF - 1?) indicated significant differences among vaccinated, infected and control groups.Subunit and whole virus vaccine extracted from chicken fibroblast cell culture are considered the best of derived from virus propagated in embryonated chicken eggs.Subunit virus vaccine is better than the whole virus vaccine derived from virus propagated in embryonated chicken eggs and extracted from chicken fibroblast cell culture.The current study also reflected that locally prepared virus subunit vaccine and purified whole virus killed vaccine capable of inducing humoral and cellular immune response in experimentally vaccinated rats..Histopathological changes appeared clearly on tissue sections (lung, trachea, heart, liver, spleen, kidney) of the infected group as compared with control and the vaccinated groups.

دراسة بعض المؤشرات المناعية لدى بعض المرضى المصابين بفيروس المليساء المعدية في محافظة ديالى == A Study of Some Immunological Parameters In Some Patients With Molluscum Contagiosum In Diyala Province

Author name: رغد ياسين اعويد
Supervisor name: عباس عبود فرحان الدليمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: المليساء المعدية مرض يسببه فيروس (MCV) الذي ينتمي لعائلة POXVIRUS.المليساء المعدية حيث انه مرض غير قاتل وشائع في جميع انحاء العالم, قد يشترك مع اورام المليساء التهابات قليله, المليساء المعدية يستمر لشهور او سنوات..اجريت الدراسة الحالية للفترة من 1 تشرين ا | The molluscum contagiosum (MC) virus (MCV) is a dermatotropic poxvirus, and the causative agent of MC. MC is nonlethal, common andworldwide. Additionally, little inflammation is associated with MCpapules, and MC can persist for months to years. The present study was conducted for the period from1 November 2013 to 30April, of 2014 in outpatient clinic of Baquba Teaching Hospital in city. The study aimsat assessing the immune status of patients infected with molluscumcontagiosum through the measurement ofthelevel of immunoglobulin(IgG, IgM)and the level of complementcomponents especially (C3, C4) by radial immune diffusion assay and measurement of the level of interleukin 18 R1 by Elisa assay which immune responses are key for the eventual resolution of MC. 75 patients were diagnosed with clinical lesions of MCV on different areas of the body, age of patients ranged from(2 - 50 years) including 40(53.3%) males and 35(46.7%) females.The control were 26.6±15.4 years (range from 2 - 50 years), 8 (53.3%) of them were males and 7(46.7%) females.After theexamination by single radial immune diffusion and Elisa kit.The results showed the patientswere equal or less than 16 years, 24 (32%) from 17 - 30 years, 19 (25.3%) from 31 - 45 years and 12 (16%) above 45 years and 40(53.3%) males and 35(46.7%) females, no static significant difference showed between the MCV infection and either the sex or age.The results revealed the level of IL 18R1in patient the mean±SD were 677.15±874.22 ng/ml while in control were 178.46±31.79 ng/ml. There was significant statistical difference between both groups as patients with MC had high level of IL18R1 than control.Themean±SD of IgMinpatients were 1946.6±825.6 mg/dlwhile in control were 140.1±68.7mg/dl This result was highly significant which indicates that patients with MC had higher level of IgM than control In contrast, patients had lower levels of IgG than control, The mean±SD of IgG in patientwere 221.9±96.7mg/dl while in control were 1229.9±299.7mg/dl. This result was highly significant. Also the patients had lower level of C3 and C4 than control. The mean±SD of C3 in patients were 109.6±64.8mg/dl while in control were 120.8±22.1mg/dl. The mean±SD of C4 in patients were 27.8±12.7mg/dl while in control were 38.7±9.8mg/dl. These results were statistically significant. Eleven 9 (14.7%) of patients had positive CRP while 12 (80%) of control had positive CRP which was statistically highly significant. Forty seven (62.7%) patients were from rural area while 28 (37.7%) from urban. There is no statistical difference between both groups as. Family history of MC and Recurrence of MC in patients were nostatically significant difference to infection by MCV.

التفكك الحياتي لمبيدي الملاثيون والدورسبان باستخدام مزارع احاديه وخليطه من البكتيريا == Biodegradation of Malathion And Dursban By Mono And Mixed Bacterial Cultures

Author name: فائزة كاظم عمران
Supervisor name: عادل مشعان ربيع
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: عزلت 45 عزلة بكتيرية محليه من مجموع 30 نموذج تربه ملوثة بالمبيدات والتي جمعت خلال فترات زمنيه مختلفة ومن مناطق مختلفه في بغداد. اختبرت قابلية العزلات البكتيريه على تفكيك مبيدي الملاثيون والدورسبان. اجريت غربلة اولية وثانوية باستخدام وسط الاملاح المعدنية ا | Forty five local bacterial isolates were isolated from thirty different soil sample contaminated with pesticide, These samples were collected from different Baghdad regions at different periods. The bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to biodegrade certain pesticides (Malathion and Dursban). Primary and secondary screenings were carried out using solid Mineral Salts Medium (MSM) and Liquid (MSM) with 100 ppm Malathion and Dursban at 37 0C, pH 7. Twenty seven isolates resistant to Malathion and Dursban were isolated. Out of 27 bacterial isolates from different locations in Baghdad. Results from primary screening showed that the 10 isolates had good growth, 5 isolates gave moderate growth, 12 showed weak growth and only 9 isolates failed to show any growth.According to current results, 10 bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban in liquid medium, However, secondary screenings results by using minimal inhibition concentration(MIC) revealed that only four bacterial isolates had the highest ability to degrade Malathion and Dursban and subsequently were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Esherichia coli, Escherichia hermanii and Staphylococcus vitulinus by Vitek compact system respectively.The optimum conditions (incubation period, pH, temperature) for growth and biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban were examined. The obtained results indicated that the best incubation period was after 7 days, pH =6 and favorite temperature was 350C.Measurement physicochemical properties for soil pH, temperature (C°), electrical conductivity EC (µs/cm) for both Dursban and Malathion concentrations(ppm) collected from six different locations within Baghdad city. Biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban in soil inoculated with different bacterial mono - cultures and mixed - cultures were investigated. soil pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, cations and anions, on the population of native Malathion - Dursban tolerant bacteria in the cultivated soils of six sites. The result showed that soil physical properties like temperature and electrical conductivity affect significantly to native Malathion - Dursban tolerant bacterial density. Similarly, the soil chemical properties like pH, cations and anions had more effect on the abundance of Malathion - Dursban tolerant bacteria in the soil. However, the impact of soil organic carbon, organic nitrogen and available phosphorus was very significant. The results of the present study can be utilized for the development of effective bioremediation process for pesticide - contaminated soil. Under optimal conditions, Malathion and Dursban degradation was measured by using GC - MS analysis. The results revealed that Pseudomonas putida was the best isolate for degrading Dursban by monoculture isolate (47.18%) , while mixed culture(P.putida and S.vitulinus) was the best in degrading Malathion and Dursban that gave 90.84% and 81.055% respectively. Results also indicated that the number of byproducts produced by mono and mixed culture of Malathion and Dursban biodegradation. Whereas the results obtained from GC/Ms analysis revealed that not detected of toxic byproduct Malathion and Dursban degradation by Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus vitulins respectively.Moreover, under natural conditions.The study tested the ability of selected bacterial isolates (P. putida and S. vitulins) in biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban, the results showed slower biodegradation by selected bacterial isolates compared with laboratory conditions but study showed a intermediet product like phenol, diethyl phosphorothioate and oxon.The GC - MS results showed that the number of metabolic intermediates formed during the degradation of Malathion by bacterial mixed - culture were relatively higher in number than by bacterial mono - culture.The mass spectra of malathion containing samples treated with bacterial mono and mixed culture showed no any known toxic intermediates. The result indicated that the two main degradation products resulted from bacterial degradation, namely malathion monocarboxylic (MMA) and malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA), the first one may convert into the latter over time. Some other degradation products may occur such as ethyl hydrogen fumarate (EHF) but in negligible amount.The result indicated that the main degradation products resulted from bacterial degradation of dursban is trichloropyridinol(TCP) and then de - chlorinated into 2 - pyridinol.The mass spectra results obtained in this study showed that the dursban was degraded to many metabolites.The results suggested that the bacterial isolates were not forming any toxic intermediates but no any intermediate was identified till R.T. 22 minutes. This indicated that dursban is probably completely metabolized by the isolates into smaller intermediatesThe isolate Pseudomonas putida isolated from soil contaminated with pesticides was identified genotypic tests. Molecular typing was performed by RAPD - PCR and comparison of the results to other Pseudomonas isolates. The result shows that genotyping differences between isolates and found the convergent percent biodegradation between this isolates of both selected pesticide, although from these differences, there was no more effect to biodegradation, which means that the biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban not related to genotype

مقارنة لتشخيص الخمج بالمقوسات الكوندية بين النساء المجهضات والولودات طبيعيا مع دراسة للتغيرات النسجية المتسببة عن الخمج == Comparative Diagnosis of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection Among Aborted & Normally Delivered Women With Study of Histological Changes As A Result of Infection

Author name: فراس محمد بشير عبد الكريم الخشاب
Supervisor name: ابراهيم شعبان داوود | صباح سعيد محمود
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة التي امتدت من بداية شهر ايار (2007) لغاية نهاية شهر اب (2008) للتحري عن نسبة الخمج بالطفيلي المسبب لداء المقوسات بين النساء المجهضات والولودات طبيعا في بعض مناطق مدينة الموصل والمراجعات لمستشفى الخنساء التعليمي للولادة والاطفال.شملت عي | This study was conducted during the period from May 2007 to August 2008 to investigate the rate of infection with toxoplasmosis among aborted and normally delivered women in Mosul City territories who attending AL - Khansa'a educating hospital.Out of 150 women under study, 50 were aborted while 100 were normally delivered. The employed tests were included latex agglutination test LATEX and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with its two types (ELISA - IgM), (ELISA - IgG) which used as a high specific and sensitive test to differentiate between types of infection acute, chronic and congenital. Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 28(56%) out of 50 abortive placenta and in 57(57%) out of 100 non abortive placenta (normally delivered women), these samples of placenta were microscopically examined after homogenizing and staining by Gimsa and Leishman's stain The parasite development stages were also noticed including developing from the tachyzoites into the oocysts stage and the histopathological effects resulting from infection in the placenta in both aborted and normally delivered women which were represented by necrosis, vaculation and cells degeneration , inflammatory cells infiltration and the focal inflammatory reaction in the villi in addition to hemorrhage and accumulation of eosinophilic substances, the results also showed that 41 (82%) of aborted placenta and 18 (18%) of non abortive placenta (normal delivered women) were infected with Toxoplasmosis by using the laboratory Balb/c mice inoculation method while, some cases of inflammation were diagnosed in the brain, of the experimental infected mice, which were represented by the inflammatory cells infiltration and the prevailing of gliosis, tissue necrosis vaculation and cells degeneration.This study revealed that laboratory mice inoculation in the peritoneal cavity is a useful and efficient method in the detection of the parasite in infected placenta as compared with the microscopic examination of direct smears and examination of tissue sections from placenta.The present study showed an overall percentage of infection among aborted women was (92%) while (58%) showed an acute infection and (34%) chronic infection, in another hand the infection rate among normally delivered women was (70%), and it has been found the infection rate among acute and chronic cases were (41%), (20%) respectively, Its to be noted this is the first time in Mosul City for such a study conducted in this area concerning the congenital Toxoplasmosis in newborns with an infection rate (9%).In this study, sera were tested by Latex (LAT), and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). It was shown that IgG - ELISA is the most sensitive to diagnose the infection as compared to other tests.These study also concerned with the isolation and diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii parasite from blood by inoculating the blood samples in laboratory Balb/C mice the rate of infection was (16%) in laboratory mice inoculated with blood collected from aborted women while the infection rate in laboratory mice inoculated by blood samples (mother and her neonatal cord blood) collected from normally delivered women appear in (12%) & (16%) respectively. The rate of occurrence of the specific antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii was identified, The highest rate was found for the type (IgG+ - IgM+), in both aborted and normally delivered women with percentage reach (40%) & (26%). The titer (100 IU/ml) of the specific IgM & IgG antibodies was found in high rate reached (75%), (43.5%) in mother blood, also found in a high percentage in the neonatal cord blood estimated as (50%), (64.4%) for the specific IgM & IgG antibodies respectively, in another hand the titer (100 IU/ml) was also found to be the more predominate titer in blood samples of aborted women with percentage reached to (50%) & (60.5%) for the specific IgM & IgG antibodies respectively.

دراسة امكانية الاستفادة من تركيز بروتين المصل الفعال نوع سي بروتين التفاعلي CRP في التشخيص المبكر للاصابات البكتيرية لحديثي الولادة وتحديد توقف اعطاء العلاج من خلاله == The Study of Usefulness of C - Reactive Protein Concentration In The Early Diagnosis And Determining The Duration of Antibiotic Therapy of Suspected Neonatal Bacterial Infection

Author name: قاسم ابراهيم حسين
Supervisor name: ايمان ناطق ناجي البياتي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان التشخيص السريع لاصابات تجرثم الدم في الاطفال حديثي الولادة من الامور المهمة وذلك لخطورة الاصابة المؤدية الى الموت.الغرض من دراستنا هو امكانية استخدام فحص سي - البروتين الفعال في التشخيص المبكرلهذا المرض البكتيري وكذلك استخدامه في تحديد نقطة التوقف عن ا | Rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections of newborn infants is very important itcause of morbidity and mortality. Aim of the studyThe aim of the studyis to examin the possibility of using C - reactive protein in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, as well as its use in determining thestop point of the antibiotic treatment.Patent, Materials and methods This study was conducted at the Hospital of Ibn - Albaladi for children and women in Rusafathe Healthoffice / Baghdad.Iraq from February 2013 to February 2014.The number of patients with bacterial infection was 102 (62%) of the total number of patients (165) who were admitted to the neonatal care unit aged less than 28 days and their weights was more than 1500 g,. The number of males was 92 (56%) and the number of females was 73 (44%), the number of patient withearly onset sepsis EOS (less than three days) was 43 (42%) and with late onset sepsis LOS for (more than three days) was 59 (58%), 43 (57%) ofEOSwas normal deliveries infected and cesarean deliveries infected 33 (43%), while51 (57%) of LOS was normal deliveries infected and cesarean deliveries in LOS was 38 (43%). Blood samples were collected and divided into three portion : bloodculture, CRP andhematological profile.1 - Blood culture.Blood was collection from neonatal sepsis patientinto special blood culture bottle and incubate in bact /Alert 3 D device when growth of bacteria then subcultured on blood agar, MaCconkey agar, and incubatedusingvitek /2 to diagnose bacterial infection anddeterminetheir susceptibility to antibiotic treatment.ResultThe Compact results indicated that 63 (38%)of patient were negative and 102 (62%) were positive out of them 23 patients (22.6%)were infected with gram negative bacteria including {Klebsiella pneumonia 30%, Acinetobacterlowffi 17%, Enterobacter cloaca 13%, } while 79 (77.4%) were infected with gram positive bacteria including { staph Homins and staph hemolyticus each 28% then staph epidermidis 13% and staph aureus 10%, while strep spp was 6% }. 2 - c - reactive protein.It was done by twomethod for the same samples in order to characterize the accuracy of the diagnosis. The first method was agglutination test (method 1) the cut off value for positive result ? 6 µg % 79 (48%)were negative, while 86 (52%) werepositive, while the second method was immune test (method 2) µµµusing Nycocard device werethe cut off value for positive result ? 5 µg % the results 102 (62%) were positive while 63 (38% negative.3 - hematological profile.The hematological profile of our patient included PCV, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, count were measured using Emerald automated Hematology device. The results of these tests werenot compatible with the results of the blood culture, but normal result were compatible with negative blood cultures. The results adopted of blood culture confirm the presence of bacterial infection and then compared with theresults CRP test and blood profilefor the same samples.Negative result of blood culture and CRP test were 54 (33%) while positive results of blood culture and CRP test were recorded and improved after taking treatment for (, 3, 5, 7,) days for (40, 31, 5)patients respectively.ConclusionWeconcluded C - reactive protein test was useful in the diagnosis of bacterial blood infections and determine the stop - point otreatment. Gram negative bacterial isolates were sensitive impinim, livofloxacin and Amikacin while they were resistant to Ampicillin, Ampicillin /Sollbectam and Gentamycin. on the other hand gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Amikacin, Ampicillin/sulbactam Ciprphloxacin, and Tigecyclin and were resistant to Erythromicin, and Oxacillinand Benzylpencillin.

تاثير المعالجة المغناطيسية لمياه الري والسماد العضوي في نمو وانتاج القرنابيط botrytis var. Brassica oleracea صنف Solid snow == Effect of Magnetically Treatment of Irrigation Water And Organic Compost On Growth And Cauliflower Production Botrytis Cv. Solid Snow Var. Brassica Oleracea

Author name: كوثر عبد الجبار عبد
Supervisor name: ثامر خضير مرزة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: ا جريت هذه التجربة في قسم علوم الحياة / كلية العلوم / جامعة الكوفة في محافظة النجف الاشرف وتضمنت مرحلتين : الاولى زراعة البذور لغرض قياس نسبة الانبات للمدة من 1 / 8 لغاية 8 / 8 / 2011 وانتاج الشتلات للمدة من 15/8/2011 ولغاية 14 / 9 /2011 في حقل خاص لانتا | This experiment was conducted in the Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Kufa in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf province. It included two periods : the first was seed sowing to measure germination percentage from 1 - 8 till 8 - 8 - 2011, and transplants production from 15 - 8 - 2011 till 14 - 9 - 2011 in a private farm for vegetable transplants production. The second was transplanting in an open field belongs to Plant Production Department/Kufa Technical Institute from 15 - 9 - 2011 till 17 - 1 - 2012 to measure plant growth parameters and curd cauliflower production cv.solid snow in harmless environment techniques. The experiment was adopted as factional experiment. The treatments were distributed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment included the study of two factors : the first, was five magnetic intensities for treating waters magnetically (0; 500; 750; 1500 and 2500 Gauss) by means of dipolar magnetrons. The second was three quantities of plant organic manure(rice residues).i.e.(0, 2.5 and 5.0 kg/furrow) with a length of 6.5 m. and their interactions on growth and production the yield of cauliflower, cv.solid snow. Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to compare means at probability of0.05. Correlation and regression coefficient were also used to evaluate the relationships between studied parameters and time. Vegetative growth parameters that are measured were : plant leaf number ; stem height; stem diameter; plant leaf area; leaf fresh and dry weight; stem dry weight; plant shoot fresh and dry weight. Flowering parameters were : curd fresh and dry weight and curd diameter. The results could be summarized as following : 1. Water chemical analysis showed that irrigation with magnetized treated water had an effect on physical properties, nevertheless, was more or less affected ions components. 2. The use of magnetized treated water in irrigation resulted in an increase in germination percentage of cauliflower seeds cv. Solid snow.The highest germination percentage was obtained from magnetic intensity of 1500 Gauss in both experiments, laboratory and field that reached 71.14 and 65, 62%, respectively on the base of Arc Sin. 3. The use of magnetized treated water in plant irrigation at all the used intensities resulted in an early emerged curd cauliflower by 15 days compared with control treatment plants. 4. 750 gauss magnetized treated water achieved at age of 138 days from transplanting, the highest plant leaf area mean is (4836.2 cm2) with percentage increase of 51.7% compared to control treatment plant leaf area (3188.3 cm2).That effect was reflected on curd weight. 5. 1500 and 2500 Gauss magnetized treated water treatments at earlier ages increased the values of vegetative growth parameters which reflected its effect on flowering growth parameters by shorter time of curd irritation, compared with the effect of 500 - 750 Gauss at earlier ages , which are in spite of its late effects produced at 150 days old from transplanting particularly 750 Gauss the highest mean of curd fresh weight. 6. 750 Gauss magnetized treated water achieved the highest yield reached 22.2 ton/h. which differed from that productivity gained from control treatment plant(9 - 29 ton/h.) with percentage increase of 138.8%. 7. Organic plant manure addition at both quantities(2.5 and 5.0kg/furrow) resulted in an increase in both vegetative and flowering growth parameters compared with untreated plants. 5 kg/furrow treatment produced the highest means compared to control treatment particularly at the age of 138 days in all vegetative growth parameters. 8. The addition of 5 kg/furrow at age of 150 days produced the largest curd fresh weight 918.4 g. and diameter of 17.2 cm which statistically differed to compared plant treatment that produced 506.0 g. and 13.3 cm. for curd fresh weight and diameter at the same age respectively. 9. 5 kg/furrow organic manure addition resulted in a highest productivity of 21.6 ton/h. compared to that of control treatment of 11.9 ton/h. with an increase of 81.5%. 10. Interaction between irrigation water magnetically treated with 750 Gauss and addition of (organic manure with 5 kg/furrow) at the age of150 days resulted in the highest curd fresh weight of 1292.9 g. with curd diameter of 20.3 cm. compared to that plant of control treatment produced curd fresh weight of 292.5 g. and 11.0 cm. diameter. This interaction also produced 30.3 ton/h. for (750 Gauss×5 kg/furrow) compared with the productivity of control treatment plants that gave 6.86 ton/h. with percentage increase of 341.6%

دراسة كفاءة بعض المضادات الحيوية ذات المناشئ المختلفة على بعض انواع البكتريا المعزولة من حالات مرضية مختلفة == The Efficacy Study of Some Antibiotics From Different Origins On Some Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated From Different Cases

Author name: ليلى عاصي خزعل
Supervisor name: نجدت بهجت مهدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Kirkuk - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Kirkuk
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة جمع 278عينة سريرية تضمنت نماذج من اخماج المجاري البولية ومسحات الجروح والحروق وعينات الدم ومسحات الاذن الوسطى من مستشفى كركوك العام ومستشفى طوز العام وللمدة من ( 2013 - 4 - 15) ولغاية ( (2013 - 10 - 15. اظهرت نتائج الزرع البكتريولوجي الاولي | The study included the collection (278) clinical samples included the same of urinary tract infections and swabs of wounds and burns, and blood samples and swabs from ear from Kirkuk General Hospital and Tuz General hospital in period from (2013 - 4 - 15) until (2013 - 10 - 15). The results of the first Bacteriological implant using the blood Agar and Macconkey agar emergence of planting positive in (148) of the total sample (278) sample rate (53.33%). Diagnosed colonies developing depending on planting characters and biomicroscopy and tests biochemical as possible diagnosis (90) the isolation of clinical divided to (30) isolation of each of the bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) divided to (28) isolates of Urine and 21 isolated from wounds and 25 isolates of burns and 11 isolated from blood and 5 isolates from the ear of the total isolates, confirmed diagnosis using the API Staph System and API 20E system. The study included examination of sensitivity using discs toward the 15 antibiotic for three types. The isolates showed to different in resistant rate, and was Anti Chloramphenicol is the most effect on the bacteria S.aureus where all isolates were sensitive to him 100%, and was an anti Imipinem, Nitrofuranation the most effect on bacteria E.coli where the percentage of sensitivity to two anti - (90%), either Anti Amikacin was the most impact on the isolates of Ps. aeruginosa where all isolates were sensitive to him ratio (100%) I tested the sensitivity of bacterial species toward (5) antibiotic (Amoxicillin Augmantine, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracyclin) concentrations of certain several different origins for each antibiotic using the method of casting dishes, use an anti Amoxicillin concentration (25) mg / ml and origins different (Iraqi, Indian, Turkey, United Arab Emirates) The results show that the origin United Arab Emirates is the most efficient than the rest of other. Use the adversaries (Cefotaxime, Augmantine) concentration (10) mg / ml and three - origins (Turkish, Indian, United Arab Emirates), oukd show that Origin United Arab Emirates is the most efficient of the rest of the origins Other. also used anti Tetracyclin concentration (10) mg / ml for three origin (Iraqi, Indian, Chinese). show that Origin Iraqi is the most efficient of the rest of the origins Other.and used anti Ciprofloxacin concentration (5) mg / ml for four origin (Iraqi, Indian, Turkish, United Arab Emirates) and show that the United Arab Emirates and Turkish origin is more efficient than the rest of other origins.Bacterial isolates showed multiple drug resistance to antibiotics where all isolates Ps. aeruginosa with resistance to multiple antibiotics by (100%) and showed isolates of S.aureus resistant multi - rate (93.3 %) and showed isolates of E.coli (96.6%) as well characterized bacterial isolates in multiple resistance to antibiotics Alpittalaktam particularly where the rates of multiple resistance (93.3 %) of the isolates of E.coli and (100%) isolates Ps.aeruginosa and (93.33%) of the isolates by S.aureus.the rapid Iodine standard method was used for screening for susceptibility of bacterial isolates to produce enzymes Beta - Lactamase have shown (73) the isolation of a positive result from the total (90) isolation rate (81.1%), were distributed among the isolates produced (27) isolated from bacteria by S.aureus (90 %) and (25) isolates of E.coli bacteria by (83.3%) and (21) isolated from bacteria Ps. aeruginosa (70%).to detect broad - spectrum Beta - Lactamase enzymes is used discs method adjacent and the results showed that there are (24) isolation of the total (73) is positive for examination by (32.87%) distributed on (12) isolated from bacteria S.aureus by (44.44%) and (5) isolates of E.coli bacteria (20%) and (7) of the bacterial isolates Ps. aeruginosa by (33.33%).Tested susceptibility bacterial isolates to produce mineral Beta - Lactamase enzymes Metallo ? - Lactamase using IMP - EDTA Combination disc and three isolates can from the production of the enzyme (4.10%) by two isolates of bacteria Ps.aeruginosa by (9.52%) and one isolate of the bacterium E.coli (4%).

تحديد شدة الاصابة الحادة والمزمنة لداء المقوسات الكوندية بواسطة مستويات (IL - 6, IL - 8, TNF - ?) == Determination of Acute And Chronic Toxoplasmosis By Estimation of IL - 6, IL - 8 And TNF - ? Levels

Author name: لينا قاسم كاظم الزهيري
Supervisor name: بان نوري القاضي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المقوسات الكونديه من الطفيليات الشديده النجاح في انشاء اصابة مزمنه طويلة الامد. وقد اجريت الدراسة الحاليه على 366 امراة (117 مجهضات، 141 حوامل، 108 غير متزوجات) جمعت من مستشفيات مختلفة في بغداد. جمعت عينات الدم لجميع المجاميع المدروسة خلال الفترة مابين تش | Toxoplasma is a highly invasive parasite which establishes a life - long chronic infection. The present study was performed on 366 women (117 miscarriages, 141 pregnant and 108 singles) aged (17 - 35) years old from different hospital in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected from all patients during the period of Oct.2013 until of Jan. 2014. Anti - toxoplasma antibodies in the sera of all samples by using two tests, Latex test (LAT) and ELISA (IgG), (IgM) while, the proinflammatory cytokine were estimated by evaluation of the cytokine such as (IL - 6, IL - 8, TNF - ?). The results were showed that : ? The infection rate of toxoplasmosis by LAT was (41.53%) which was more sensitive than ELISA IgG (36.85%), and miscarried women were diagnosed by higher anti - toxoplasma IgG antibodies 62/117(52.99%), while pregnant result were lower 30/108 (27.78%). ? The most frequent age group of chronic infection with T.gondii was (23 - 28) year in both miscarriage and pregnant women, and represented by 45.16%, 40% respectively. While the most frequent age group for a single woman was (17 - 22) years, and represent 46.511% of the total number of this group.? Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis by ELISA IgM test revealed low sensitivity in different studied groups 25/366(6.830%), and miscarried women were diagnosed by a highly significant (P ?0.01) percentage of acute toxoplasmosis14/117(11.965%).and The age group of (17 - 22) years old diagnosed high significant (p?0.01) percentage of acute toxoplasmosis in all studied groups.? According to the distribution of infected miscarried women with toxoplasmosis and gestational age by ELISA IgM the result showed that most of miscarriages were occurred at the first trimester which considered high significant (p? 0.01) 8/14(57.42%). While, chronic infected women at the second trimester (4 - 7 month) diagnosed by significantly (P?0.01) higher percentage of miscarried 24/62(38.71%).? The level of pro - infalmmatory cytokine (IL - 6) in acute infected miscarried women with toxoplasmosis distincted with a significantly high increase (P? 0.05) (177.31±12.53 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected one (119.36 ±14.07 Pg/ml).While, chronic infected pregnant women was low significantly (P ?0.01) (48.41± 2.79 Pg/ml) in comparison to acute infected one and other studied groups, ? The acute infected singles was (118.98± 15.68 Pg/ml) higher non - significantly (P?0.05) than chronic infected one (112.65 ± 17.91 Pg/ml) and both disease activity were significantly higher than its level in healthy singles.? The level of TNF - ? in acute infected miscarried women distincted with significantly higher (P?0.05) (97.46 ± 5.37 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected women (69.55 ± 4.58 Pg/ml), Whereas the mean level of TNF - ? in pregnant infected women during acute phase (62.31 ± 3.82 Pg/ml) was significantly (P?0.05) higher than chronic infection (21.42 ±2.74 Pg/ml)? Single infected women showed high significant increase (P?0.05) of TNF - ? level (50.48 ± 7.42 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected one (35.46± 5.36 Pg/ml) and both disease activity scored high significant increase (P?0.05) of TNF - ? in comparison to healthy singles (18.29 ± 1.02 Pg/ml).? Finally, the mean level of IL - 8 in miscarried women with positive infection with T. gondii during acute phase (187.92 ± 15.38 Pg/ml) was significantly (P?0.05) higher than chronic phase of infection (140.57 ± 13.87 Pg/ml).Whereas the mean level of IL - 8 in acute infected pregnant women (110.32 ± 9.13 Pg/ml) was higher significantly (P?0.05) than healthy pregnant (91.49 ± 7.59 Pg/ml) and healthy singles (88.82 ± 5.62 Pg/ml).? Infected single women showed highly significant (P?0.01) increased levels in both diseases activity in comparison to single women without infection (88.82± 5.62 Pg/ml).
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