التشخيص الجزيئي وخصوصية المضيف لداء الابواغ الخبيئة Cryptosporidiosis في بعض انواع الطيور البرية والداجنة ود راسة الاصابة التجريبية في الفئران البيض == Molecular Diagnosis And Host Specificity For Cryptosporidiosis In Some Species of Wild And Domestic Birds And Study of Experimental Infection In White Mice
Author name:
اخلاص عباس مرهون الزبيدي
Supervisor name:
غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
General topic:
Biology
Specific topic:
Microbiology - Parasites
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Qadisiyah
First pages:
24T3004 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The present study aimed to investigate of Cryptosporidiosis in some wild and domestic birds, and study some concerned aspect of it such as : Host specificity for Cryptosporidium spp., histo - pathological changes which parasite produced it and molecular analysis for this species. To attainment this purpose we applied our study in three major parts : The First part : Investigation of Cryptosporidium in birdsA total of 236 birds were collected from different regions of Al - Diwaniya province between May 2013 to June 2014, Birds included six species which are : 22 sample from Turkey (Meleagris gallopova), 60 from Quail (Coturnix coturnix) , 40 from Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), 52 from Caged chicken(Gallus gallus), 32 from Common duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and 30 from Feral pigeon (Columba livia). Fecal and bile samples which took from birds were examined by used hot modified Zeihl - Nelseen stain.Results revealed that the birds were infected with two types of Cryptosporidiosis : Intestinal and Biliary Cryptosporidiosis (58.1% and 12.7% respectively).Our study recorded four species belong to Cryptosporidium be responsible for intestinal type which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis, C.baileyi and C.galli, While just the first three species of them were be responsible for biliary type.Also results showed that no significant difference according to gender of birds in infection with two types of Cryptosporidiosis, while showed a significant difference to study's months in infection, the highest ratio of Intestinal type was in March and April (87.5% and 89.3% respectively) and the lower ratio was in July, it reached 27.8% ; While the highest ratio of biliary type was in April, it reached 39.3%.Also results revealed that all cases of Biliary type were light infection, while the severity of infection with Intestinal type was between heavy and light infection. Quail birds showed a significant difference in severity infection compared with other birds, it was higher in quail which reached 60.9% and lower in common duck(30.0%) and there was no heavy infection in feral pigeon. when reading of preparation histological sections from : intestinal, fabricious bursa and bile sac, the results showed a histological changes that parasite induced it which included : hyperplasia in infection's regions, necrosis and destroyed in infected cells with infiltration of inflammation cells.The second part : Experimental studyTo test a host specificity and to know how incidence of cross transmission of Cryptosporidium species which isolated from birds to human, therefore the laboratory mice were dosage with the four species of parasite and then we determinate of : susceptible of age group to infection, prepatent period and histological changes in experimentally infected mice.Result showed that cross transmission could happened for three species of Cryptosporidium that infected birds to lab. mice which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis and C.baileyi with total ratio 30% and showed a significant difference compared with control group, and the results recorded a mortality ratio in infected mice (7.5%).The probability of mammalian infection by Cryptosporidium spp. which isolated from birds in our study represent the first record in Iraq. C.parvum and C.meleagridis showed loss of host specificity whereas C.baileyi was opportunist in his ability to infect another host beside their ordinary host (birds), while C.galli showed a high specificity for its host.The third part : Molecular studyThis part in our study studied for the first time in Iraq, which contains the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium species that infected birds and their genetic analysis through : DNA sequence analysis of species by used small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18SrRNA), read of phylogenetic tree of these species and do comparison among genetic trees according to : original host (birds), experimental host (infected mice) and to their parasitic site in their ordinary host.The phylogenic tree of parasite species was drown by used MEGA6 program, the results of neighboring tree revealed two major branches : First branch include C.galli while the second branch include the other three species. Also genetic tree showed presence of two difference strains of C.parvum can infected the birds with neighboring ratio between them reached to 82% and the same thing was found for C.meleagridis but with neighboring ratio reached to 70%.The reading of phylogenetic tree showed that all species of studied birds can infection with isolated Cryptosporidium species excepting C.galli which just isolate from domestic chicken and C.meleagridis which found parasite only in turkey and quail.Results of genetic analysis of neighboring tree among species according to parasitic sites in infected birds showed similarity between species which isolated from fecal and bile, which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis and C.baileyi, this result corroborate the ability of these species to transfer their infection from intestine to bile sac.The results of comparative concerned with isolated species from infected mice's fecal(experimental host) and from birds' fecal (ordinary host), results showed similarity among three species which isolated from mice's fecal with their analogous species isolated from birds' fecal which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis and C.baileyi, while C.galli doesn't have ability to infect mice which dosage it.Finally the result of this study give evidence to ability of cross transmission for these three species from the class : Aves to the class : Mammalian, So this fact give to us a hygienic indication for probability of human infection with these species.
