اسم المؤلف: محمد يونس حمادي حسين

اسم المشرف: نزار احمد ناجي فراس طاهر ماهر

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة طيفية وثرموديناميكية لعدد من معقدات انتقال الشحنة المشتقة من تفاعل 3 - ميثوكسي - 4 - هيدروكسي بنزلديهايد وعدد من الامينات الاروماتية مع عدد من المستقبلات الالكترونية Spectral And Thermodynamic Studies for A Number of Charge Transfer Complexes Derived From The Reaction of 3 - Methoxy - 4 - Hydroxy Benzaldehyde And Number of Aromatic Amine With A Number of Electron Acceptors

اسم المؤلف: اماني اياد حسين علي

اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن خضير عبد الحسين الطائي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: الجزء الاول : وفيه تم تحضير تسعة من قواعد شف المشتقة من 3 - ميثوكسي - 4 هيدروكسي بنزلديهايد وعدد من الامينات الاروماتية متمثلة بالانيلين والانيلين المعوض ب ( 2 - هيدروكسي، 4 - هيدروكسي، 2 - امينو، 4 - امينو، 2 - كربوكسي، 4 - كربوكسي، 2 - نيترو، 4 | This work divided into three parts which is dealt with study of charge transfer complexes. Nine Schiff bases used in this work were prepared by mixing (1 : 1) mole 3 - methoxy 4 - hydroxy benzyldehyde and the corresponding aromatic amines (aniline ,2_hydroxy aniline , 4_hydroxy aniline , 2_amino aniline , 4_amino aniline ,2_carboxy aniline , 4_carboxy aniline , 2_nitro aniline , 4_nitro aniline).The electronic spectra in absolute ethanol solvent were used to study the intermolecular charge - transfer complexes between the considered Schiff bases as charge donor and five charge accepter molecules.Three of them are non - acidic acceptors such as (dinitro benzene DNB , Trinitro benzene TNB and Iodine I2 ) , another two are weak - acidic acceptors (Trinitro phenol TNP and p - nitro phenol p - NP ).The equilibrium constant of the CT complexes have been calculated by applying the Benesi - Hildebrands equation for (1x10 - 4 : 1x10 - 5 M) Schiff base : Acceptors concentration ratio. The equilibrium constants for complexes formation which are ranging between (1250 - 3000 mol - 1. dm3) with Iodine, (800 - 6000 mol - 1. dm3) with dinitro benzene, (833 - 4500 mol - 1. dm3 ) with trinitro benzene, (1000 - 5555 mol - 1. dm3 ) with para nitro phenol, (1000 - 6250 mol - 1. dm3) with Trinitro phenol ,The extinction coefficients have been determined were (3333 - 25000 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with Iodine, (3333 - 25000 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with DNB, (1111 - 20000 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with TNB, (1111 - 20000 L. mol - 1.cm - 1) with p - NP , (2000 - 33333 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with TNP.The ionization potential (Ip) of these bases also have been determined and are (6.02 - 8.90 e.V) with Iodine ,(11.6 - 14.15 e.V ) with Dinitro benzene (8.10 - 9.20 e.V) with trinitro benzene , (8.57 - 9.64 e.V) with Para nitro phenol ,(6.26 - 8.15 e.V) with Trinitro phenol for the Schiff base association constant , It way noticed that the values of all the physical parameters of CTC and Schiff bases are affected by the substituted group due to the increases or decreases in the stability of the carbonium ion character of the azomethane.The another part of this work deals with study of the effect of temperature on the value of equilibrium constant KCT in the range (298 - 318)0k for charge - transfer complex formations in addition the values of ?H , ?G0 and ?S0 of the CT complexes were calculated from the dependence of KCT upon the temperature , The negative values of the enthalpy which proves that the formation of CTC are exothermic and could occur spontaneously.Finally , the third part of this work deals with studying the kinetic of formation and decomposition of the CTC in ethanol.The results indicated , the more stable CTC decomposes slower whatever was the nature of the acceptors , and the rate constant for formations and decompositions followed first order.

تقدير الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه الابار المحلية بوساطة تقنيات تحليلية مختلفة لتحديد نوعيتها وصلاحيتها للاستخدام البشري والزراعي Determination of Physical And Chemical Characteristics of Local Wells Water By Using Different Analytical Techniques For The Establishing Their Quality Specifications And Usage Conformity

اسم المؤلف: احسان نصيف جاسم العبيدي

اسم المشرف: كريم ديمة خلف كاميران حسين شكر

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2008

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء التحليلية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: مؤخرا، ازدادت ظاهرة حفر الابار في المنازل والمناطق المحلية خصوصا بعد الحرب على العراق عام 2003 تبعا لشحة تجهيز الماء الصالح للشرب من قبل السلطات المسؤولة. هدف البحث اساسا لتعرف نوعية مياه الابار المحلية ومدى صلاحيتها للاستهلاك البشري والمنزلي، با | Recently , the phenomenon of drilling wells in the local areas and housings has increased before the war on Iraq 2003 due to the anticipations of insufficient supply of drinking water by the competent authorities. This research work is aimed to recognize the quality of the local wells water quality and the extent of their adequacy for human and domestic consumption. In addition to try to know the relevance of these wells water and the nearest point of surface water (i.e. river water). In this study , five wells were selected in Al - Adheem Embankment area and the surface water of Al - Adheem River itself. The sampling strategy of the two type of water began in 1/3/2007 and the process of sampling is complied with guidelines cited by national and international specifications , This piece of study involves four chapters. Chapter one deals with chemical literature review concerning environment and pollution , sources of groundwater pollution in addition to the physical and chemical characteristics of water such as color turbidity , electrical conductivity , TDS , TSS , pH , total hardness, Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Cl - , SO42 - , NO3 - , NO2 - and heavy metals contaminates (Cu2+ , Cd2+ , Ni2+ , pb2+ , Zn2+). Chapter two describes all methodology and techniques used in this study such as atomic absorption spectrometry (both FAAS and ETAAS) , UV - Vis spectrophotometry , pH - meter , conductivity meter , and sampling protocol according to those cited by national and international bodies. In addition to , the all procedures for measuring the constituents and characteristics of water samples were described. In chapter three , the outcome of this research work were reviewed and discussed for each constituent as mentioned above. The results of study are summarized in the table hereafter : Chapter four explicates the conclusions that attained by this research work showing the important study accomplished for the first time in this area of Iraq in one hand. In the other hand , it showed that some characteristics agree and disagree with the specifications of drinking water that are listed by Iraqi and other international bodies. Finally , It concluded that all water recourse selected in this work were not drinkable and improper for human consumption according to national and international specifications , but it could be useful for arable particularly for that plants stand high concentrations of salts.

تطوير طرائق طيفية لتقدير السلفاميثوكسازول والسلفاديازين باستخدام تفاعل الاقتران الازوتي Development of Spectrophotometric Method For The Determination of Sulphamethoxazole And Sulphadiazine Using Diazotization Coupling

اسم المؤلف: امل حسين محيميد حسين

اسم المشرف: سعدية احمد ظاهر

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2011

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اشتملت هذه الرسالة على ثلاثة فصول : يتضمن الفصل الاول استعراضا موجزا لاملاح الديازونيوم والكاشف الثايمول واهمية ادوية السلفا فضلا عن بعض الطرائق الحديثة في تقدير ادوية السلفا والهدف من اجراء البحث.واشتمل الفصل الثاني على وصف طريقة طيفية بسيطة وحساسة | his thesis consists of three chapters : - the first chapter includes a short notes on the diazonium salt and thymol reagent demonstrates a brief review for, an assay of sulpha drugs and aim of the work.The second chapter describe a simple sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microgram amounts of sulphamethoxazole in aqueous solution, based on the coupling of diazotized sulphamethoxazole with thymol reagent in alkaline medium to produce an intense yellow coloured ,water - soluble and stable azo - dye which exhibits maximum absorption at 473 nm. The determination limits of Beer’s law were 1 - 6 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity 2.1 × 104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1. The average recovery was 100.12 %, and RSD 0.492 %, the LOD is 0.0087 ?g.ml - 1 and LOQ is 0.029 ?g.ml - 1. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of sulphamethoxazole in pharmaceutical preparations where the analytical results are compatible with certified value of pharmaceutical preparations and with a standard addition procedure.The third chapter demonstrates the development of simple sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microgram amounts 1 - 7 µg.ml - 1 of sulphadiazine , based on the formation of diazotized sulphadiazine by adding sodium nitrite in acidic medium; followed by removing the excess of nitrite by sulphamic acid, the formed diazotized sulphadiazine was then coupled with thymol in strong alkaline medium to get a yellow coloured azo dye. The produced dye is stable and soluble in aqueous medium and it has maximum absorption at a wave length of 469 nm. The molar absorptivity was 2.6 × 104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1 with LOD and LOQ 0.0077 and 0.025µg.ml - 1 respectively. The method had good accuracy and precision; The average recovery was 100.57 % and RSD 0.657 %. The method was applied on the pharmaceutical preparation of sulphadiazine (as cream), the analytical results were in agreement with certified value of pharmaceutical preparation and with a standard addition procedure.

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاندات ازو جديدة ومعقداتها ودراسة تطبيقاتها الصناعية والبكتيرية Synthesis And Characterization of New Azo Ligands And Their Complexes And Studying Their Industrial And Bacteriological Application

اسم المؤلف: زينب سلمان كاظم

اسم المشرف: عامر جبار جراد

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تتضمن هذه الدراسة تحضير ثلاثة ليكاندات ازو جديدة (L3 - L1) ارتكزت جميعها على 2،4 - ثنائي مثيل فينول، تمتلك الصيغ التركيبية الاتية : - شخصت الليكاندات المحضرة باستخدام (FTIR, UV - Vis, 1HNMR) والتحليل الكمي الدقيق للعناصرC.H.N) )، فضلا عن درجات الانصهار. | Three new azo compounds (ligands) L1 - L3 have been prepared all rest on the 2,4 - dimethylphenol as a back - bone of the prepared ligands having the following structures.The prepared ligands were characterized by melting points measurements, IR, 1HNMR and UV - Vis spectra and (C.H.N) analysis. The other part of this project refer to the synthesis of complexes of the ions Ni(II) and Cu(II) with all prepared ligands.All preparation was performed after fixing the ideal pH and molar concentration that obeyed Lambert - Beer’s law in the studied pH ranges. The structure of these complexes was deduced according to the molar ratio and Job methods depending on the spectroscopic studies of the complex solution of the above ions. However, ration of 1 : 2 M : L for all ions were obtained.The prepared complexes were characterized using IR and Uv - Vis spectra conductivity magnetic susceptibility and melting points measurements. The percentage of the metals in the complexes has been found by flameless atomic absorption technique. Micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.) were also measured, the results are in agreement with the calculated values. All the complexes are quite stable and could be stored for months without any appreciable change. According to the results obtained by elemental and spectral analysis, an octahedral structure was suggested for the prepared complexes with the ligand (L1) and mixed ligands (L1,L3)while tetrahedral for the all prepared complexes with the ligand (L2) and ligand (L3).In addition the dyeing performance of the prepared compounds was assessed. The dyes were tested for light and detergent fastness. Study of biological activities of the prepared compounds has also been performed. The study was carried out using Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aurous and Bacillus cereus in agar medium. Some of the complexes exhibit good bacterial activities.

تقنية استخلاص نقطة الغيمة لفصل واغناء المغنيسيوم (II) والخارصين (II) والنيكل (II) على هيئة ايونات سالبة وتقديرها طيفيا في نماذج بيئية وحياتية مختلفة Cloud Point Extraction Method For Separation And Preconcentration of Mg 2+,Zn 2+,Ni 2+as Anions And Their Spectrophotometric Determination In Environmental And Vital Samples

اسم المؤلف: اباء عدنان عزوز المحنه

اسم المشرف: شوكت كاظم جواد

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: النجف

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: قد استعملت تقنية CPEعلى مدى واسع من التطبيقات في اغناء وفصل واستخلاص العديد من المركبات البايلوجية والدوائية والمركبات العضوية والعديد من الايونات الفلزية على هيئة معقدات سالبة اوموجبة في محاليلها المائية.وتعد من التقنيات المهمة والسهلة والرخيصة والصديقة | Cloud point extraction CPE methodology is wide spread used for applications to separation or Preconcentration and extraction of many medic mental or biological compounds as well as organic compounds and several metal ions as negative or positive and neutral complexes for aqueous solutions, as well as this method considers an easy, cheap and important technique and one application of green chemistry with high sensitivity which isn’t use organic solvents. This study is an application for CPE methodology for extraction, separation and preconcentration of magnesium (II), zinc (II) and nickel (II) from aqueous solutions as anions coupled with spectrophotometric method for determination these metals in different vital and environmental samples. And the major thought of this study is to change the metal ion to anion complex in aqueous solutions, and then extracted as ion pair association complexes after combination with large suitable complexing agent and using surfactant as additional phase to extract ion pair association complexes formed and in this study surfactant TritonX - 100 was used. This study include extraction of Mg (II) as anion complex with Oxine [Mg (OX3) - ] after combination Mg2+with Oxine produced from 8 - hydroxy qunoline in basic solution NaOH, afterward formed ion pair association complex with Rhodamin - B.The first step in this study is the definition (?max ) for ion pair association complex formed and extracted spectrophotometricaly. The study show ?max was 648 nm according to mechanism below : Mg2+ + 3 OX - Mg (OX) 3 - Rhb+; Cl - + Mg (OX) 3 - [Rhb+; Mg (OX) 3 - ] + Cl Cloud point extraction CPE method is one of indirect method of extraction to submit to thermodynamic equilibria which is control extraction method.This study demonstrate (50µg/10 mL) giving best extraction with higher activity as well as this method need 0.08 M 8 - HQ for extraction, as well as 0.5 M NaOH to produce Oxine from 8 - HQ as well as need 1×10 - 4 M Rhodamine - B for favorable activity of extraction. Extraction of zinc (II) according to CPE method, by using PANN as new complexing agent prepared in this study to produce ion pair association complex in HCl media after change Zn2+ to ZnCl3 - , ZnCl4= , spectrophotometricaly show ?max = 414 nm for ion pair association complex formed and extracted. According to equilibria below : PANN + 2 HCl [2H - PANN] 2+; 2Cl - PANN + HCl HPANN+; Cl - Zn2+ +3 HCl - ZnCl3 - + 3H+ Zn2+ + 4 HCl ZnCl4= or HZnCl4 - + 3H+ or 4H+ HPANN+; Cl - + ZnCl3 - HPANN+; ZnCl3 - + Cl - HPANN+; Cl - + HZnCl4 - HPANN+; HZnCl4 - + Cl - [2H - PANN] 2+; 2Cl - +ZnCl4= [2H - PANN] 2+; ZnCl4= +2Cl - Hydrochloric acid HCl media play a major rule for change metal cation Zn2+ into anion complex ZnCl3 - or ZnCl4= , then study demonstrate 1M was optimum concentration of HCl giving higher activity of extraction Zn2+ with (20µg/10 mL). Extraction of nickel (II) according to CPE method by used DB18C6 with mechanism of extraction below : Ni2+ + 3H+Cl - NiCl3 - + 3H+ Ni2+ + 4 H+Cl - NiCl4=+ 4H+ Na+Cl - + DB18C6 [NaDB18C6] +; Cl - [NaDB18C6]+; Cl - + NiCl3 - [NaDB18C6] +; NiCl3 - + Cl - [NaDB18C6]+; Cl - + HNiCl4 - [NaDB18C6] +; HNiCl4 - + Cl - Higher activity of extraction was by use of 0.5 M HCl, 0.25 M NaCl, Ni2+ (50µg/10 mL) as well 1×10 - 4 M DB18C6. With study the effect of crown ethers and cryptand kinds. Which include thermodynamic and applications for spectrophotometric determination of these metals in different samples.

تحضير وتشخيص انواع جديدة من الاطيان الهجينة بطريقة ادخال ايونات المعادن باستخدام اطيان السمكتايت العراقية Preparation And Characterization of Anew Hybrid Clays By Intercalaion With Metal Ions Using Iraqi - Smectite Clays

اسم المؤلف: فرات لطيف يحيى شريف

اسم المشرف: محمد حسن عبد اللطيف

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The aim of this study is to prepare two types of hybrid Iraqi Clays, which have been magnetic Properties by using the mothed of Intercalation.In this study, we have used two types of Iraqi clays (Bentonite and Attapulgite) with a saturated solution of ferrous chloride aqueous (FeCl2.4H2O) , ferric chloride aqueous (FeCl3.6H2O) and Super Magnet solution (Nd2 Fe14 B), the clays activate firstly by using the way of the ionic exchange with industrial Ionic exchanger on the formula (H - Form) , then we intercalate different percentage of iron ions and Super Magnet to that clays.They have used different analytical techniques in this study which include : Magnetic Susceptibility ,Infrared spectroscopy , X - ray diffraction spectrum and Scanning Electron microscopy. the results were have obtained as follows : 1 - The activation process has led to removal the impurities and thus led to increase of the proportion each of Montmorillonite and Attapulgite metal.2 - Magnetic Susceptibility of Initiated Clays are higher than the Magnetic Susceptibility of crude clays.3 - Magnetic Susceptibility increases due to intercalate two types of iron ions, as well as intercalated Super Magnet and has models depended in Table (3 - 2) as the higher models of Magnetic Susceptibility with bentonite clay and models in Table (3 - 13) are higher models of Magnetic Susceptibility with Attapulgite clay, 'the model number (1) is the highest Magnetic Susceptibility models of Super Magnet with clay bentonite, either Attapulgite clay has increased Magnetic Susceptibility by using all ratios in Table (3 - 27).4 - Infrared spectrum has showed appearance of clear peaks back to Hematite and Magnetite which have two types of iron oxides, which own magnetic properties and the peaks have notpresented in the spectrum of the raw clay for each of bentonite and Attapulgite as well as appearance of new peak back to hydroxide neodymium at intercalated the Super Magnet.5 - Powder X - ray diffraction spectrum has Showed an increasing in the intensity of each of the Montmorillonite and Attapulgite metal after activation process' After intercalation process we note a decrease in the intensity of Montmorillonite and Attapulgite metal because of the entry of different ratios of iron ions As well as (Nd2 Fe14 B) This is evidence formation of hybrid clays where the X - ray spectrum showed appearance of new peaks back to Hematite , Magnetite and Super Magnet, as well as an increase in the intensity peaks of Hematite in the original clay.6 - Scanning Electron microscopy image has shown on a clear change in the crystalline structures that have appeared on the surface of clay which show the success of intercalation process.Through the results we have obtained through this study that the method used in Activation of clay and intercalation of two type of iron as well as a Super Magnet is a successful method and can be depended in the preparation of Clays possess magnetic qualities can be used in high - efficiency adsorption and ion exchange applications.

طريقة مطورة لتقدير عقاري هيدروكلوريد البايريدوكسين واللايسينوبريل ببناء اقطاب بوليمرية انتقائية غشائية وبالطرائق الطيفية Development Method for Determination of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride And Lisinopril Dihydrate Drugs By Construction of Selective Membrane Polymer Electrodes And Spectrophotometric Methods

اسم المؤلف: فدعم متعب عبدون حمد الجبوري

اسم المشرف: سهام توفيق امين

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2008

الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This study includes the determination of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (PYR) and Lisinopril dihydrate (LIS) drugs by using Potentiometric and Spectrophotometric Analytical Methods.First : Potentiometric Methods : This method includes construction of membrane selective electrodes based on complexation of drugs with Phosphomolybdic acid (PM) and Phosphotungestic acid (PT) as an active materials and using Di - Butylphthalate (DBP) and Tri butyl phosphate (TBP) as a plasticizers , polyvinylchloride was used as a matrix for this electrodes.The Characters of each electrode were as follow : 1. For electrode PYR - PM using DBP as a plasticizer, the results were : 10 - 5 - 10 - 1, 52.4 mV/decade ,0.9969 , 2.37 x 10 - 7 M, 2.8 - 3.0 at 27oC for linear range, slope , correlation coefficient , limit of detection, optimum pH range respectively using internal filling solution of 10 - 3 M. The life time of the electrode was 23 days. 2. For electrode PYR - PT using DBP as a plasticizer, the results were : 10 - 5 - 10 - 1, 57.2 mV/decade ,0.9991 , 5.24 x 10 - 7 M, 2.5 - 2.7 at 25oC for linear range, slope , correlation coefficient , limit of detection, optimum pH range respectively using internal filling solution of 10 - 3 M. The life time of the electrode was 19 days.3. For electrode LIS - PM using DBP as a plasticizer, the results were : 10 - 5 - 10 - 1, 32.0 mV/decade ,0.9970 , 2.1 x 10 - 7 M, 3.6 - 3.9 at 27oC for linear range, slope , correlation coefficient , limit of detection, optimum pH range respectively using internal filling solution of 10 - 3 M. The life time of the electrode was 35 days.4. For electrode LIS - PM using TBP as a plasticizer, the results were : 10 - 5 - 10 - 1, 28.175 mV/decade ,0.9985 , 1.16 x 10 - 7 M, 3.2 - 3.5 at 25oC for linear range, slope , correlation coefficient , limit of detection, optimum pH range respectively using internal filling solution of 10 - 3 M. The life time of the electrode was 28 days.Second : Spectrophotometric Methods : 1. Oxidative Coupling : The drug PYR determined by oxidative with 1.8 ml of 0.1M Sodium periodate and 1.6 ml of the reagent 4AAP 0.05M , the absorption of the colored product is measured at 528 nm , for the range of concentration from 2.0 - 30 ?g.ml - 1.The molar absorptivity was 6126.88 l.mole - 1.cm - 1 and Sandel index 0.03356 ?g.cm - 2.2. Diazocoupling : The drug LIS determined by dizocoupling reaction , the drug react with excess nitrite in an acdic medium to produce the corresponding diazonium salt.After the removal of residual nitrate with sulphamic acid, the diazonium salt is coupled with the reagent 4AAP in basic medium to produce aso - dye an intense orange colored which exhibits maximum absorption at 453nm. Beer's law is obeyed over range from 40 - 320 ?g.ml - 1 with molar absorptivity was 1.0596×103 l.mole - 1.cm - 1 and Sandel index 0.416?g.cm - 2.

تحضير بعض بوليمرات قواعد شف ودراسة التشويب والتوصيلية الكهربائية لها Synthesis And Characterization of Some Poly Schiff Base And Study Their Doping And Electrical Conductivity

اسم المؤلف: عمار فراس ابراهيم الدليمي

اسم المشرف: عماد طه بكر التكريتي علي طه علي السامرائي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يتناول البحث تحضير المونومير ثنائي الامين (M1) الناتج من تفاعل 4 - امينو اسيتو فينون مع التيرفثالدهايد بطريقة تحضير الجالكونات وكذلك تحضير سبع بوليمرات من نوع بولي قواعد شف اذ استعمل ثنائي الامين (M1) في تحضير البوليمر (I) من خلال عملية تكاثف مع التيرفثال | This research handles preparation of seven polymers of poly Schiff bases , and The di amin (M1) has been prepared from reaction of 4 - amino acetophenone with terphthaldehyde by Chalcons preparing method , where terphthaldehyde was used to prepare ( VI , V , VII ) polymers through condensation with di amines { 2,6 - di amino pyridine , 4 - amino phenyl sulfone , di amino malono nitrile } , also phtaldehyde was used to prepare ( VII , IV ) polymers by condensation with di amines ( 2,6 - diamino pyridine , 4 - amino phenyl sulfone ) , and isophthaldehyde was used in preparation of polymer (III) by condensation with { 2,6 - di amino pyridine } and below is the structure of the prepared di amine (M1). All polymers have been characterized by FT - IR technique , and some of them were characterized by CHN and 1H - NMR , Pellets preparing of all polymers where prepared with thickness range (0.97 - 0.75) with range pressure (1000 - 2000) Kg\cm2 , and then a Volume Electric doped Conductivity has been measured for the samples in their pure and doped state by using different dopants (Iodine , Ferric chloride , Zinc chloride , and p - toluene sulphonic acid) , with different mole percentage , and also The Iodine doping was carried out by vaporization tecnique , electrical conductivity of polymers have been found in pure state (fist polymer to seven polymer) as follows : ( 1.19 - 11 , 1.22E - 11 , 2,76E - 11 , 3.00E - 11 , 2.28 E - 11, 2.33E - 10 , 8.00E - 11 ) the highest value for conductivity was for polymer ( VI ) which reached 2.33E - 10 , while the highest conductivity for the doped polymers was by using dopant iodine and reach to 9.66E - 6. the effect of changing the substitution benzene and the effect of dopants on increasing conductivity of polymers where the most effective factors for increasing the conductivity.

تحضير مشتق جديد للبايروزولون ازو واستعماله في تقدير الكميات الضئيلة لبعض الايونات الفلزية بالطرائق الطيفية Preparation of New Pyrozolone Azo Derivative And Use It For Micro Determination of Some Metal Ions By Spectrophotometric Methods

اسم المؤلف: شيماء حسن ملاح

اسم المشرف: حسين جاسم محمد

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: القادسية

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير الكاشف الجديد 3 - (?4 - انتي بايرايل ازو) - 1 - نايتروزو - 2 - نفثول واجراء دراسة اولية مع (9) ايون فلزي واستحداث طريقة طيفية لتقدير كل من النحاس (II) والكوبلت (II) بهذا الكاشف في الوسط المائي، اذ كان الطول الموجي الاعظم للكاشف (374) نان | The research includes primary study of the reaction of 3 - (4? - Antipyriyl azo) - 1 - Nitroso - 2 - naphthol (APANN) with (9) metal ions and spectrophotometric method for the determination of copper (II) and Cobalt (II) ions with this reagent. The wavelength of maximum absorption (?max) for the reagent is (374) nm and for complexes formed between these ions with this reagent was found at (430.5) nm and (432) nm for both copper (II) and Cobalt (II( respectively in aqueous medium, also the optimum conditions for the reaction of these ions with the reagent were employed ,such as the volume of reagent solution, time, temperature, type of buffer, order of addition and effect of pH, calibration curves of these complexes were constructed. Beer's law was obeyed in the range (0.1 - 2.5) ppm of copper with a correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9971) and molar absorptivity ? = 1.83 × 104 L.mole - 1.cm - 1 and Sandell sensitivity was (0.00349) ?g.cm2 - , as for Cobalt, the range was (0.1 - 2.5) ppm with a correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9965) and molar absorptivity ? = ) 3.3×104 ( L.mol - 1.cm - 1 ,and Sandell sensitivity was (0.0018)µg.cm - 2. The stoichiometry of the formed soluble complexes between copper (II) and Cobalt(II) with reagent was investigated by both the continuous variations method and mole ratio method, the ratio (M : L) was (1 : 2) for Copper complex and Cobalt complex at pH (8.5) for both complexes. The stability constant (Ksta) for the complexes of copper (II) and Cobalt (II( was equal to (8.237 ×108 L.mol - 1) and (1× 108 L.mol - 1) respectively. Precision and accuracy of the analytical procedure were showed for (0.5) ppm of Cu (II) and Co (II) that R.S.D.% was equal to (0.97), (0.73) , (Erel, Re)% (0.6, 99.4)%, (0.4, 99.6)% for these ions, respectively. The analytical procedure were showed for (1) ppm of Cu (II) and Co (II) R.S.D.% was equal to (0.41,0.60) , (Erel, Re)% (0.3, 99.7)%,(0.2, 99.8)% for these ions respectively. The interference of metal ions in the presence of related ions was determined, as well as, masking of these ions by suitable masking agents was studied. The study of effect of three kinds of surfactants on the absorptions of the complexes and calculation of stability constants and treatment of the results statistically and make comparison with aqueous medium were done. The physical properties of precipitants were studied through the establishment of melting point, solubility and molar conductivity as well as the measurement of infrared spectra , and C.H.N, with the suggestion of structural formula of the formed complexes with the reagent (APANN). The method was applied for the determination of the content of copper (II) in tea leaves samples and Cobalt (II) in raw caw milk samples. Finally ,The biological activity of these complexes was tested with four types of bacteria.

تاثير بعض الادوية على بعض الانزيمات الناقلة لدى مرضى السكري النوع الثاني في محافظة بابل Study Effect of Some Drugs On Some Transfer Enzymes In Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 In Babylon Province

اسم المؤلف: زينب غالب عبد الكريم الجبوري

اسم المشرف: عودة مزعل ياسر الزاملي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: شملت الدراسة 100 مريضا بداء السكري من النوع الثاني )غير المعتمد على الانسولين( NIDDM، تراوحت اعمارهم بين ) 53 - 35 ( سنة وتم الحصول على النماذج من المرضى المراجعين الى مركز السكري في مدينة مرجان الطبية في محافظة بابل - العراق، بالاضافة الى 35 شخص ا اصحاء | This study involved 100 patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2, with average of age between (35 - 63) years old. The patients were enrolled in the Diabetes Center in Merjan Medical City, in Babylon Province, Iraq at February 2014 to August 2014. In addition to 50 healthy persons who represent control group, and their age between (35 - 55) years old.The patients were divided into three groups as followingFirst : (28 patients were treated with Metformin (Glucophage) drug).Second : (30 patients were treated with Daonil (Glibeneclamide) drug).Third : (42 patients were treated with Metformin and Daonil).In addition to 50 healthy persons who are selected as control group (without chronic diseases or diabetic and without smoking).The Diabetes Mellitus type 2 was characterized as in WHO criteria which including that all patients in this study, (the patients who are not suffering from hypertension, the asthma, smoking, alcoholism and without using any other drugs over the essential diabetes drugs except that of (Metformin and Daonil) are dismissed in this study). Serum and whole blood were used to estimate the levels of fasting blood glucose, urea, creatinine, proteins, cholesterol, tri glyceride, fatty proteins (HDL - c, LDL - c and VLDL - c) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and GGT) in the serum, HbA1c was detected in the whole blood. MDA and Glutathione in the erythrocytes. In this study, It was found that there are significant and insignificant differences for each of variables related to Diabetes for different types of drugs. Also, the glutathione S - transferase GST was purified from red blood cells (RBC) of control group by ionic exchange chromatography by means of DEAE Cellulose. After that, the electrophoresis of resulted enzyme was made to assess the molecular weight by using of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - Poly Acrylamide Gel2Electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE). The same process was done by using NAITIVIN apparatus to separate the enzyme quantified, and the resulted enzyme from NAITIVIN was treated with the drugs taken by patients. After that, the activity of GST enzyme was measured to show the different drugs effect upon the GST enzyme activity. For the purified enzyme activity after treating it with drugs was 3.62 , 3.57, 3.66 ?mol / min / ml , for each of Metformin, Daonil, and Metformin & Daonil respectively, while the activity of GST purified enzyme without treating with drugs was 3.24 ?mol / min / ml.Through this study, it has been noticed that there is an increasing of enzyme activity after purifying and mixing it with drugs, and this increasing results from the drugs effect upon GST activity, for the enzyme use to transform these poisons (drugs) and resulted compounds outside the body.

تحضير وتشخيص بوليمرات جديدة مقاومة لللهب ودراسة خواصها الحرارية Synthesis And Characterization of New Flame Retardant Polymers And Study Their Thermal Properties

اسم المؤلف: محمود عودة مطشر

اسم المشرف: محمد علي مطر

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: القادسية

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تستخدم البولي ايميدات الاروماتية على نطاق واسع في الصناعة لما لها من خصائص ممتازة في الثبات الحراري, الصلابة العالية ومقاومة اللهب, وهي واحدة من البوليمرات التجارية القوية جدا والعالية الاداء ولها استخدامات وتطبيقات واسعة في التكنلوجيا المتقدمة ,وتضمنت ال | Aromatic polyimides have been widely used in industry because of their excellent properties in thermal stability, high hardness and flame resistance. The present work involved preparation of new diamine monomers ( ABBB, ABAB, ABTB, ABDB, BPP, BCP, BDBP) containing (bromine, chlorine, phosphorus) as flame retardants and introducing them in reaction with different dianhydrides including )PMDA, BTDA, 6FDA) producing new aromatic polyimides (P1 - P7), as follows : - 1. preparation of aromatic diamine monomers containing bromine (ABAB and ABBB), and then introduced in reaction with dianhydride (PMDA) by solution polycondensation producing polymers (P1 and P2) respectively.2. preparation of aromatic diamine monomers which containing elemental (chlorine and bromine), a (ABDB, ABTB) and then reaction with dianhydride (BTDA and PMDA) respectively by solution polycondensation producing polymers (P3 and P4). 3. Preparation of aromatic diamine monomers which containing elemental phosphorus, (BDBP, BCP, BPP) and then their reaction with dianhydride (BTDA, 6FDA, BTDA) by solution polycondensation producing polymers (P5, P6, P7).The prepared monomers and polymers were characterized by (FT - IR and 1HNMR Spectra). The thermal stability of these aromatic polyimides were investigated by means of thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) in a argon atmosphere and at a heating rate of 10°C/min at 800°C and by comparing them with aromatic polyimides (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F) empty elements flame retardant, where proven polymers (P1 - P7) stability of heat is very high, where temperatures were at loss (50%) by weight (T50%) more than (800oC) while the aromatic polyimides (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F) ranging between (492 - 582oC), and the percentage of remaining at a temperature of 800 o C for polymers( P1 - P7) ranging between (59 - 71%) on reverse polymers (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F), the percentage of remaining range (20 - 42%) , has been proven polymers (P1 - P7) high resistance to flame through the rate ratios (Char yield%) at a temperature of 500 o C where it was ranging between (86 - 99%), while for polymers (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F) ranging between (48 - 56%) at the same degree. and has been studying and evaluating the solubility of polymers prepared where appearance polymers (P1 - P7) solubility is very high, especially in solvents (polar aprotic) and because the process of modification in its chemical composition, where the presence of groups hydroxide and flexible ether linkages averse polymers (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F), which showed a lower solubility.

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية لبعض مشتقات البريميدين الجديدة بتطبيق تفاعل سوزوكي Synthesis And Characterization And Biological Activity Study of Some New Pyrimidine Derivatives Via Application Suzuki Reaction

اسم المؤلف: رؤى جميل كامل

اسم المشرف: نبيل عبد عبد الرضا

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: القادسية

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تضمنت الرسالة تحضير وتشخيص عدد من مشتقات البريميدين الجديدة من خلال تطبيق تفاعل سوزوكي، كما شملت الرسالة الفعالية البايولوجية للمركبات المحضرة ضد فيروس الايدز، تم انجاز موضوع الرسالة بتطبيق الاجزاء التالية : الجزء الاول تحضير المركبات 99 , 101 , 103 , 1 | The thesis included a detailed study of the biological importance of Pyrimidines compounds. The literature screening included the synthesis of different derivatives of pyrimidines compounds as well as their chemical reactivity , in addition to the experimental part which included the chemical procedures for preparation of the new derivatives of pyrimidine. New pyrimidine derivatives have been prepared by several parts : The first part include preparation of compounds 99 , 101 , 103 , 105 , 107 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 116 by Suzuki coupling reaction via reaction of uracil derivatived with the aromatic boronic acids to give new derivatives.The second part includes preparation of pyrimidine derived 117 by nitration of compound 42 using of concentrated nitric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid and preparation of new derivatives starting from compound 117 via Suzuki coupling reaction with some aromatic boronic acids.The third part includes includes preparation of new two compounds derived from compound 120 via Suzuki coupling reaction with the different boronic acides. The fourth part includes preparation of pyrimidine derivatives 126 by reaction of pyrimidine derivatives 120 with para - chloroaniline via coupling reaction to give the new derivative of azo pyrimdine dye.The fifth part includes preparation of new two compounds derived from compound 126 via Suzuki coupling reaction with the different boronic acides.As well as the thesis which us discussed the preparation and identification of new pyrimidine derivatives from throough spectra (I.R) , (1H - NMR) , (13C - NMR) and (C.H.N) and specta (HSQC) , (COSY) and (HMBC). For some of these compounds, and these identification studies approved the correctness of the chemical structures for the prepared derivatives. As well as in the thesis is included biological activity against AIDS. Scheme (1)R NO. R NO.4 - OH 96 4 - CHO 984 - OMe 109 4 - Cl 1004 - CN 111 4 - OEt 1024 - CF3 113 4 - OMe 1043,4 - OMe 115 4 - Br 106 (A) : (Ph3P)4Pd, Na2CO3, n - PrOH, Reflux(B) : NaNO2, HCl, (0 - 5)C°, 16h.

تحضير وتشخيص الليكاند 7 - ]2 - (بنزاميدازوليل) ازو [ - 8 - هيدروكسي كوينولين مع بعض ايونات العناصر الانتقالية ودراستها ضوئيا Preparation And Identification of Ligand 7 - [2 - (Benz Imidazolyl)Azo] - 8 - Hydroxy Quinoline (BIAHQ) And With Some of Transition Elements Ions And Photo Study

اسم المؤلف: سؤدد عبد الباقر جابر

اسم المشرف: حسن عباس حبيب خالد جواد العادلي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: القادسية

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: لقد تضمنت هذه الرسالة تحضير نوع جديد من ليكاندات الازو العضوية غير المتجانسة حلقيا الحاوية على مجموعة ازو واحـدة وهو الليكاند 7 - ]2 - (بنزاميدازوليل ازو[ - 8 - هيدروكسي كوينولين(BIAHQ).وقد تم تشخيص هذا الليكاند بوساطة طيف الكتلة وبروتون طيف الرنين الن | This research included prepare a new ligand of azo organic heterocyclic ring containing one azo group which ligand 7 - [2 - (Benzimidazolyl azo) - 8 - hydroxy quinoline] (BIAHQ). Has been identification this ligand by mass spectrometry , proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra ,infrared and UV - visible as well as analysis of the elements(C,H,N), included the preparation of four complexes of ligand (BIAHQ) with metal ions Co 2+ , Ni 2+,Cu 2+ and Zn2+ also studied the spectra of infrared spectra of the complexes prepared, and when compared with the spectra of the free ligand gave the obvious changes have shown these spectra a new peaks were not already present in the spectra ligand This is due to corrdenation between the metal ions under study with the atoms donor nitrogen group azo and nitrogen atom imidazole ring (N3) in the molecule of ligand, suffered with other peakes obvious changes in the shape, intensity and location, and an indication of this process for corrdenation between the metal ions under study and ligand, also studied the spectra of UV - visible, as well as a rigorous analysis of the elements (C,H,N) has been shown by the results agreat compatibility between the ratios calculated theoretically and practically of acquired. Through the results that have been reached suggested formulas compositional complexes showing through which that ligand azo imidazole mono - azo behave as ligand Triplalt coordenat through a nitrogen atom imidazole ring (N3),nitrogen group azo away from the ring heterogeneous and Oxygen of hydroxy quinoline group, which leads to the formation of complexes hexagonal symmetry. Studied the kinetics of photochemical dissociation of these complexes claw through irradiation solution single - wavelength light 365=? nm issued by the mercury lamp low pressure and at a temperature of 25 ?c and show that the interaction of dislocation is first order for all complexes. Was calculated photolysis rate constant kd mediated follow spectral changes during the process of irradiation. For access to the optimum conditions for the dissolution of these complexes have been studying the impact of several factors on the behavior of photochemical included : study the effect of the change in the intensity of light on the rate of disintegration and found that the increas in the intensity of the incident light increased the rate of disintegration of the complexes , as well as the study of the disintegration of the complexes in the temperature range 30 - 15?c found it increasing the temperature increases rate of disintegration. Values were calculated activation energy for all complexes , also studied the effect of the acidic function within the range of 9.3 and found that the rate of the disintegration of the four complexes increases with increasing pH solution. It was the study of the effect of the solvent polarity on the rate of disintegration using solvents ( methanol , ethanol,1 - butanol and isopropanol ) and found that the higher the rate of the disintegration of the complexes have been achieved in methanol , while lower rate was in isopropanol.Also thermal stability studied for ligand and complexes were submitted to thermal analysis (TGA and DSC) activation thermodynamic data are calculated and determainTg ,Tc , Tm and Td.

تحضير ودراسة طيفية وامتزاز لمعقدات بعض ايونات العناصر الانتقالية لليكندات المشتقة Synthesis Spectroscopic And Adsorption Studies of Some Ions Transition Metal Complexes For Ligands Derived From Sulfamethoxazole And Its Mixed Ligands

اسم المؤلف: فرح علي داود

اسم المشرف: ساهرة صادق عبد الرزاق احمد ثابت نعمان

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ان الهدف من الدراسة هو تحضير وتشخيص ليكاند ثنائي السن : - [4 - (5,5 - dimethyl - 3 - oxocyclohex - 1 - enylamino) - N - (5 - methylisoxazol - 3 - yl)benzene sulfonamide]من تفاعل السلفاميثوكسازول مع الدايميدون لينتج الليكاند [H2L] باستخدام طريقة الصهر ا | The aim of the study is the preparation and characterization of bidentate Ligand [4 - (5,5 - dimethyl - 3 - oxocyclohex - 1 - enylamino) - N - (5 - methylisoxazol - 3 - yl) benzene sulfonamide]. The ligand was prepared by fusing sulfamethoxazole and dimedone at (170) ?C for half hour. The prepared ligand was characterized by FTIR,UV - Vis spectroscopy, H1,C3 - NMR spectra, mass spectra, molar conductivity measurement and melting point. The molecular structure for the ligand [H2L] which was proposed as drawn in the figure below : - Ligand [H2L]The complexes prepared using reflux in ethanol as solvent were two types namely : - 1 - Complexes of (1 : 1) mole ratio formula [M(H2L)(H2O)2]Cl22 - Complexes of (1 : 1 : 1) mole ratio formula [M(H2L)(HA)] in the presence of KOH as a base, Where : - M(II) = (Co ,Ni ,Cu) HA= 3 - amino phenol. Spectroscopic methods (FT - IR, UV - Vis spectroscopy) along with (A.A), chloride content and melting point were carried out in addition to molar conductance were done for the characterization of all complexes.The proposed tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions studied were concluded from these measurements. [M(H2L)(H2O)2]Cl2 [M(H2L)(HA)]Molar ratio method were used to determine M to L ratio at maximum wave length (?max=455nm ).The ratio were (1 : 1) mole for both complexes (1) and (4). Bentonite clay was used as adsorbent surface to gather with complexes (1) and (4). The adsorption time investigated was between (15 - 120) min at (25)°C as constant concentration for complexes being (70) mg/L for complex (1) and (50) mg/L for Complex (4) and mesh 75))?m. The results revered that the time needed to reach concentration equilibrium in the were 60 to 75 min for complex (1) and (4). during studying isotherm adsorption for the two complexes on bentonite surface, the results revealed that the trend of the adsorption isotherm was (L1) type according to Giles classification , which means that the adsorbent distributed horizontally on the bentonite surface to from a single adsorption layer type langmire.The adsorption phenomenon was studied at different temperatures (10, 25, 37.5, and 50) oC. The results of the adsorption for both complexes on bentonite surface were showed an increase with increasing temperature (endothermic process). Thermodynamic functions (?Ho, ?Go, and ?So) were calculated and the results were discussed. Generally, the increase in the pH of solution was showed an increase in quantity of both complexes that adsorbed on bentonite clay surface at a certain temperature. The study proved that an increase of adsorbent weight may be enhanced the adsorption process of both complexes. Moreover, the particle size of clay surfaces has an influence on the adsorption process showing an increase in adsorption quantity as the particle size decreased.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات الملئيمات الجديدة الحاوية على حلقات 2 - بايرازولين وبايرمدين - 2 - اون / ثايون ودراسة فعاليتها البايولوجية ثم بلمرتها ذايا او مع بعض معوضات الفاينيل Preparation And Identification Some New Maleimide Derivatives Containing 2 - Pyrazoline And Pyrimidin - 2 - One / Thione Rings And Study of Biological Activity Then Homopolymerization Or With Some Substituted Vinyl

اسم المؤلف: غزوان حسن عبد الوهاب الصميدعي

اسم المشرف: احمد شهاب حمد الجنابي خالد مطني محمد الجنابي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2008

الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ترتبط بعض الامراض النفسية مثل مرض الاكتئاب الشديد والفصام بتغيرات مناعية حتى ولو كان الشخص سليم من الناحية الجسمية. على الرغم من ان هذين المرضين لايعتبران حاليا من الامراض المناعية الاساسية لكن توجد ادلة تقترح كون الالتهاب يلعب دورا في عملية الاصابة بالاك | Psychiatric illnesses, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, are associated with inflammatory processes even in individuals who are otherwise physically healthy. While it is unlikely that MDD and schizophrenia are a primary inflammatory disorder, evidence suggesting that inflammation plays a subtle role in the pathophysiology of MDD and schizophrenia has been obtained. Several studies have shown that proinflammatory markers have increased in these disorders. However, these studies have included patients with obvious inflammation, i.e., patients with C - reactive protein >6 mg/L. A comprehensive study concluding that these conditions are inflammatory disorders and inflammation is due only to these two disorders have not been performed. In the present study, the inflammatory natures of MDD and schizophrenia were investigated. To achieve this goal, serum levels of the interleukins - 6 (IL - 6) and interleukins - 18 (IL - 18), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?), and soluble interleukin - 2 receptor (sIL - 2R) in MDD and schizophrenia were obtained and compared with those of the control group. The total serum and ionized levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the studied groups were then measured.Significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum levels of IL - 6, IL - 18, TNF?, and sIL - 2R in the MDD and schizophrenic groups were observed in comparison with those of the control group. In general, the schizophrenic group showed higher levels of inflammatory markers than the MDD and control groups. These results indicate a clear inflammatory state in both disorders. The schizophrenic patients exhibited significant changes in the ratios of T. Ca/Mg and I. Ca/Mg in comparison with those of the healthy and MDD patients; this finding reveals that T. Ca/Mg and I. Ca/Mg ratios are better indicators of cation state than serum cation levels alone.Basing on the results of the present study, we concluded that the immunological responses of the MDD and schizophrenia are significantly stimulated. These conditions may be considered inflammatory disorders because of increased pro - and inflammatory factors in both disorders.Anti - inflammatory drugs may be potentially used as an adjuvant aid in treating schizophrenia and MDD. Future studies may involve investigating other proinflammatory markers and following up results of treated patients that utilized and did not utilize anti - inflammatory drugs.

تحضير ودراسة طيفية ومعالجة نظرية لمعقدات مزيج ليكاندي مشتقات البنزاميدازول والفينانثرولين

اسم المؤلف: دعاء حبيب محل

اسم المشرف: محاسن فيصل الياس

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: In this study, two new aromatic chalcones have been synthesized. The first one contain one amino phenyl group while the second contain two amino phenyl groups , from the reaction of 2 - acetothiophene or pamino acetophenone with p - or m - amino benzaldehyde respectively by Claisen - Schmidt condensation in alcoholic base medium (10%NaOH ).Also, some of heterocyclic compounds have been derived from these prepared chalcones as a derivatives for 2 - pyrazoline ring and for dihydro pyrimidine - 2 - one/thione as follows : 1 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl ) - 2 - pyrazoline (3,9) derivatives from condensation of (1,2) chalcone with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol.2 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl) - 1 - phenyl - 2 - pyrazoline (4,10) derivatives by the reaction of chalcone (1,2)with phenyl hydrazine in presence of acetic acid.3 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl) - 1 - substituted - 2 - pyrazoline (5 - 7,11 - 13) from the reaction of chalcones (1,2) with semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide and isoniazide in strong basic medium (45% NaOH) in absolute ethanol.4 - Preparation of 4,6 - di(amino phenyl ) - 3,4 - dihydro pyrimidine - 2 - one / thion (14,15) : from the reaction of chalcone(2)with urea and thiourea in presence of sodium ethoxide in absolute ethanol in two ways : thermal catalyse and ultrasonic waves with high yield for the last one.The phenyl amines derivatives (3 - 7,9 - 15)included benzidine (8) were converted into N - substituted maleimic acid (16 - 28) , by reacted it with maleic acid anhydride in ether or dry acetone.These derivatives (16 - 28) were undergo dehydration by using anhydrous acetic and sodium acetate to give N - substituted malimide products ( 29 - 41) in good yield.Also, the homopolymers (42 - 54) for these malimides were prepared by free radical polymerization with benzoyl peroxide as initiator and dimethyl formamide (DMF) as a solvent at 130 0C. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com The copolymers (55 - 104)have been prepared by the samemethod and initiator with vinyl acetate for polymers (55 - 67)and with acryl amide for polymers (68 - 72) and with allyl benzene for polymers (73 - 80) and with maleimide (31) for the polymers (81 - 88) , also with maleimide (32) for the polymers (89 - 96) and finally with maleimide (33) for the polymers (97 - 104).The structures of these new compounds were characterized by UV spectra (as a comparable study for unpolymered molecules ),IR (infra - red ) spectra and 1H - NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance ) spectra for some of the prepared compounds and followed by TLC (thin layer chromatography ).The stability of these compounds (9 - 12) were studied spectrally from the changing in its high absorbance values (peaks) ?max for their solutions at concentrations 2×10 - 5M in light and dark with time for comparability. These compounds showed good stability whichcan be suggested to be used as an organic reagents for analytical study especially with drugs and phenolic compounds.More ever, the identification study , here we have studied the heoretical study of formation heat for intermediates and final compounds bodies length of the bond which was agreement with the particularly results.This study ,also includes the biological activity for some of the prepared compounds against four kinds of germs which known by its resistance against antibiotics ,these are Staphylococcus aureus (positive for Gram stain )and Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonalla typhi (negative for Gram stain ) and studiesy the inhibition values for these compounds comparable with three of standard antibiotics as controls (ampicilline : C1, Cloxacilin : C2, erythromycin : C3) , and the results show the ability of these prepared compounds to inhibit all the used germs except Pseudomonas which shows clear resistant for less polarity comparable with control samples.

دراسة بايوكيميائية وجزيئية لتاثير مرض السكري من النوع الثاني على مستوى الهوموسيستين وعلاقته بالجين (SHMT1C1420T) Biochemical And Molecular Study on The Effect of Diabetes Type II on Homocysteine Level And Its Relationship With Gene (SHMT1C1420T)

اسم المؤلف: حسام داود عبد الله

اسم المشرف: نزار احمد ناجي عقيل حسين علي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء اللاعضوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم للبنات - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: في هذا البحث تم تحضير واستخدام ليكاندين من مشتقات ال 2 - مركبتوبنزاميدازول وهما 2 - بنزويل ثايو بنزاميدازول (L1) و2 - ) بارا نايتروبنزويل ) ثايوبنزاميدازول (L2) لتحضير نوعين من المعقدات احدهما بوجود الليكاند المشترك phenanthroline (L') 1,10 - مع ايونات ا | IN this work Two of 2 - mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives ligands 2 - benzoyl thiobenzimiazole (L1) and 2 - (p - nitrobenzoyl) thiobenzimiazole (L2) were prepared and used to synthesize two types of transition metal complexes ; One of the set of complexes was prepared in presence of a co - ligand 1,10 - phenanthroline(L') with the metal ions V(IV), Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II), the other set of complexes was prepared with the heavy metal ions Rh(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) using conventional method. These ligands and their metal complexes were isolated and characterized in solid state using FT - IR, UV - Vis spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 1H, 13C - NMR, flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis C.H.N.S. and magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as melting point and conductivity measurements. The nature of bonding between the metal ion and the donor atoms of the ligands was demonstrated through the calculation of Racah parameter and other ligand field parameters, which were calculated using suitable Tanabe - Sugano diagrams. The nature of some (L2) complexes in liquid state was studied by following the molar ratio method which gave results approximately identical compared with those obtained from the isolated in the solid state; also, stability constants of the prepared complexes were studied , they were stable in the molar ratio 1 : 1.According to the results of the above measurements, the following shapes were suggested for the prepared complexes : Complexes of mixed ligands (L1 with L') : All complexes have an Oh geometry except V(IV) complex has a square pyramid geometry. Complexes of ligand (L2) : Complexes of Rh(III), Pd(II) and Au(III) have a square planar geometry, while Pt(IV) complex has an Oh geometry.A theoretical treatment of the ligands and the prepared complexes in gas phase was done using two programs; Hyperchem - 8 and Gaussian program (GaussView Currently Available Versions (5.0.9) along with Gaussian 09 which is the latest in the Gaussian series of programs).Hyper chem. - 8 program used the molecular mechanics and semi - empirical calculation, the heat of formation (?H?f), binding energy (?Eb) dipole moment (µ) for the free ligands and their metal complexes were calculated using ZINDO/1, PM3 and AMBER methods at 298 K. It was found that the complexes were more stable than their ligands; furthermore, the electrostatic potential of free ligands was calculated to investigate the reactive site of the molecules, PM3 was used to evaluate the vibrational spectra of free ligands ,the obtained frequencies agreed well with those values experimentally found; in addition, the calculation helped to assign unambiguously the most diagnostic bands.Electronic spectra measurements for the ligands were calculated theoretically using ZINDO/S method comparing it with the experimental results. It was found that there was a closely relationship between the theory and experimental spectra.Gaussian program semi - empirical (PM3) method which used in order to calculate : the geometry optimization, dipole moment (?),total energy ,electrostatic potential, ELUMO and EHOMO was obtained, evaluate the vibrational spectra of free ligands and these obtained frequencies agreed well with those values experimentally found.Also electronic spectra measurements for the ligands were calculated theoretically by using the job type : Single point energy (SP) along with ZINDO method and also the job type frequency (Freq) used along with CIS method (3 - 21G).

اسم المؤلف: هبة حمزة رشيد لطيف التكريتي

اسم المشرف: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تتضمن الدراسة عدة اجزاء : الجزء الاول : تحضير مجموعة من قواعد شف من تكثيف البنزلديهايدالمعوض بالمواقع بارا بمجاميع( بارا - برومو، بارا - كلورو، بارا - نايترو، بارا - N,N - ثنائي مثيل امينو بنزالديهايد ) مع معوضات الانلين المختلفة (بارا - امينو اسيتوفينو | This Work was accomplished through the following four part : Part one In this part nine Schiff bases derived from p - substituted benzaldehyde) with (p - bromo aniline , p - amino acetophenon, aniline, 2 - amino phenol were prepared.The electronic spectra in absolute ethanol solution were used to study the intermolecular charge - transfer complexes between the considered Schiff bases as charge donor , and iodine as charge acceptor molecules.The physical parameters of charge - transfer complexes were calculated by applying Bensi - Hildebrand equation. The equilibrium Constants for complexes formation were found to follow (3<4<9<6<7<8<5<1<2) arrangement. The energy of the complexes and extiztion coefficient were found to have the same arrangement shown above. The difference in the values of this physical properties are attributed to structural difference of the molecular (donating and withdrawing substituted groups). KCT values for the complexes were calculated from Bensi - Hildebrand equation and was found to fit the following arrangement ( 9<8<7<4<3<6<5<1<2 ), depending mainly on the types of substituted groups on aniline ring. Part Two Effect of temperature variation on equilibrium constant for the charge - transfer complexes formation were measured by applying Bensi - Hildebrand equation ,which used to estimate the thermodynamic parameter such as (?G0, ?S0 , ?H ) in absolute ethanol. Part Three The kinetic of the formation of charge - transfer complexes in absolute ethanol was studied.The results indicated that, the more stable charge - transfer complexes have higher rate constant formation and the kinetic of CTC was first order. Part Four Photo stability of (1 - 9) Schiff bases against direct sun light was investigated as solution in both ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO.The results indicated that, the rates of photo decay of the Schiff bases in ethanol were faster than in DMSO solvent and the photo decay kinetic was found to follow first order reaction in ethanol and second order in DMSO solution.