Author name: رؤى ابراهيم راضي

Supervisor name: صالح نهير راهي الزاملي

General topic: Educational Sciences

Specific topic: Curriculum and Teaching Methods

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The present research aims at (Identifying the effect of P.E.C.S strategy on the achievement of literary fourth stage students in the subject of sociology and their critical thinking ) To achieve the aim of the research , the research put the following two zero hypotheses ;1 - There is no difference with statistical significance at the significance level (0,05) between the average of the experimental group stdents scores whom taught sociology by using P.E.C.S strategy and the average of the controlled group students scores whom taught the same subject by using the ordinary method in achievement.2 - There is no difference with statistical significance at the significance level (0,05) between the average of the experimental group stdents scores whom taught sociology according to P.E.C.S strategy and the average of the controlled group students scores whom taught the same subject by using the ordinary method in Critical thinking.fo verify the two hypotheses of the research ,the researcher chose the suitable curriculum which is the experimental curriculum which is characterized by the ability to control the different factors the affect the phenomenon which is to be studied . while design which the researcher used is the experimental design with partial control represented by the post - test of achievement ahe critical thinking .The research society is represented by the female students of the fourth literary stage in the secondary and preparatory morning schools in Al.kut city of the study year 2016 - 2017 . They were (498) students distributed according to the type of study in to (295) female students in the secondary schools and (203) female students in the preparatory schools .The research sample ,since all schools contains one group of the literary secondary fourth stage, so two schools were chosen at random .These two schools are ; AL.Manar preparatory school for girls and AL.Fadhilat secondary school was chosen to represent the experimental group of (30) female students whom taught sociology by using P.E.C.S,and AH.Manar preparatory school was chosen to represent the controlled group of (30) female students whom laught the same subject by using the ordinany method .cBefore starting the experiment , the researcher took care of the epuality of the researchs two groups statistically in same variables which she thinks that they affect research results ,these variables are (chromogical age by months, the qverage of the previous year ,scores of the first ,study course and level of critical thinking ) .Regarding the research tools , the researcher prepared a achievement test in cludes (40) items, (34) items are objective ones and their alternatives type is multiple choice items of four to measure remembering levels , comprehension and application and (6) items are essay ones to measure analysis, its Truth and stability and the difficulty of its items , their discriminatory power and the effectivity of its wrong alternatives. The researcher adopted the critical analysis test which is prepared by (Ismeel Ibrahim Ali ) and used by (Bara a Jodeh kareem ) in her study in 2016 . this test in cludes (90)items distributed in five fields , (18) items for each field . These fields are ; Identifying , hypotheses , explanation, correction of prooding s , deriving, and conclusion).The researcher used to analyze the results and the research proceures the following methods : (T .Test for two independ samples , coefficient of difficulty , coefficient of discriminatory power , the equation of the effectivity of wrong alternatives , the equation of bearsons coefficient correlation) the result of the research showed the following : 1 - There is a difference with statistical significance at the significance level (0,05) between the average of the scores of the research two groups (experimental and controlled ) in (the achievement test ) for the benefit of the experimental group students whom taught by using P.E.C.S strategy .2 - There is a difference with statistical significance at the significance level (0,05) between the average of the scores of the research two groups (experimental and controlled ) in the total scores of critical thinking for the benefit of the experimental group which taught by using P.E.C.S strategy .In the light of the research results, the researcher concluded a number of conclusions some of them are using P.E.C.S strategy in teaching the subject of sociology for the students of fourth literary stage improve the level of their achievement in this subject as well as , raising the level of the students critical thinking .The researcher also recommended a number of recommendations , some of them are : taking care of the strategyof (P.E.C.S) in designing the process of teaching and learning in the secondary stage especially in teaching the subjects that their contents could by adjusted in the form of social or scientific problems . And helding training courses and warkshops to train teachers on how to use active learning strategies like (P.E.C.S) strategy as one of the modern strategies which proved its effectiveness and ; its effect on many of the variables like achievement and the different types of thinking .And to complete the research , the researcher suggest anumber of suggestions, some of them are : conducting similar researches to the present one on other study subject in the secondary stage and other study stages .