اسم المؤلف:
انوار فاضل عبد الوهاب الشوك
اسم المشرف:
امل داود سليم العيثاوي
المستخلص:
يكتسب هذا البحث اهميته من تناوله موضوع (المشكلات البيئية) لدى فئة عمرية مهمة، وهي فئة اطفال ما قبل دخول المدرسة، وكذلك تتجلى اهمية البحث، لان (المشكلات البيئية ) تشكل خطرا كبيرا على استمرار حياة البشر ولا سيما الاطفال، لذا كانت البيئة بمشكلاتها ضمن برام | The research acquires importance as it addresses the subject (environmental problems) in connection with a definite age group, pre - school children, and also reflects the importance of the environmental problems as constituting a major threat to the continuation of human life, particularly children. For this reason dealing with environmental problems within kindergarten programs represents the basis of education at this stage, helps to develop environmental awareness among children and get them used to the sound practices and behaviors since childhood.The research also detects problem - solving and creative skills of kindergarten children. It is also important that the skills of creativity and problem - solving of environmental issues always start with the sense of the problem and the awareness that there is a deficiency or problem that needs to be solved. Children face in their daily lives a lot of the issues that require special education and the use of specific methods to confront and solve them. Thus, the development of problem - solving and creative skills (such as originality, flexibility, fluency and sensitivity to the problems) becomes the basis for education of children.Based on the foregoing, the researcher considers that the phenomenon of environmental problems represents a fundamental problem for all or most of the age groups, including a class of kindergarten pupils and it is a phenomenon (psychological, social, educational and health), worth studying. This prompted the researcher to do a field study, which would address this phenomenon in connection with its effects on kindergarten children. On the whole children represent the segment of society, most prone to the negative influence of environmental issues, but because of their young age, they can not deliver their voices to others, because most of the adults around them may not meet their needs and their wish to help them get rid of all the unfavorable consequences. This research, in the author’s opinion, can help children through the construction of a training program based on the development of skills of creative solution to environmental problems.This research is aimed to identify the effectiveness of the training program for the development of creative skills in solving environmental problems with kindergarten children, through the validation of the following zero hypotheses : - 1 - There is no statistically significant difference between the scores of the children from experimental and control groups on a scale, showing the ability to solve environmental problems (congestion, waste, air pollution) (application at the tribal level of significance (0.05)).2 - 1 - There is no statistically significant difference between the scores of the children from experimental and control groups, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, sensitivity to problems) (application at the tribal at the level of significance (0.05)).3 - There is no statistically significant difference between the scores of the children from experimental and control groups on a scale, showing the ability to solve environmental problems (congestion, waste, air pollution) (application of the post - test at the level of significance (0.05)).4 - There is no statistically significant difference between the scores of the children from experimental and control groups, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, sensitivity to problems) (application at the dimensional level of significance (0.05)).5 - There are no statistically significant differences between the scores of the children from the experimental group, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, sensitivity to problems), when it comes to solving the problem of congestion (application of the post - test at the level of significance (0.05)).6 - There are no statistically significant differences between the scores of the children from the experimental group, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, sensitivity to problems), when it comes to solving the waste problem (application of the post - test at the level of significance (0.05)).7 - There are no statistically significant differences between the scores of the children from the experimental group, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, sensitivity to problems), when it comes to solving the problem of air pollution (application of the post - test at the level of significance (0.05)).This research deals with children of both sexes (male and female) who attend kindergarten and live in the province of Baghdad, in particular in the districts of Baghdad Karkh and Rusafa (first, second and third) during the academic year 2012 - 2013 - 2014.With regard to the framework theory, the researcher has reviewed six theories which interpreted the environmental problems and the relationship of man to the environment as well as creative solutions to those problems. The researcher also adopted The researcher has adopted an integrated approach between associative theories , because of the principles and the basic assumptions, adopted by each theory in the interpretation of environmental problems and the appropriate ways to solve them.With regard to the training program, the researcher relied on some creative skills strategies for the six theories adopted in the current research.The researcher applied the experimental design, a pretest and post - test, for experimental and control groups, to verify the research hypotheses. The sample consisted of (40) boys and girls who have received the lowest grades in the scale of detection of awareness of environmental problems, As well as to test the creative skills in solving environmental problems (the tests were built by the researcher). The sample was divided into two groups : experimental and control, and each group consisted of (20) boys and girls selected from kindergarten (Sinbad); they formed a basic group for a training program on the experimental group.The measure of solving environmental problems was built, it consisted of (60 ) items, divided into three areas or problems, namely : congestion (consisted of 21item), waste (consisted of 21item) and air pollution (consisted of 18 items). The sincerity scale was extracted, using the measure of honesty, virtual and certified construction (sincerity concept). The items were discriminatory and featured. Consistency has been identified during re - testing, the correlation coefficient was( 0.94) and Alpha Cronbach, and stability coefficient reached (0.97).The researcher has also built creative skills test in solving environmental problems, which are of (27) items, that included four creative skills, namely originality, flexibility, fluency and sensitivity to problems. Honesty and truthfulness were verified, as well as the extracted stability test, reaching (0.990); Cronbach's alpha reached (0.991).The program was based on an integrated approach according to the six interrelated theories researchers that I mentioned in the second chapter, namely, psychoanalysis, behavioral, social constructivism, social learning, cognitive, Teresa.Presentation of the program was made for a group of arbitrators, and later applied to the experimental group with the number of sessions (15) and the duration of a session (30 minutes); all in all there were two sessions per week.The researcher used the following statistical methods : - (square Ka 2, to test samples t (T - test) for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, , Alpha Cronbach test, Mann - Whitney test for small samples, analysis of variance of the second division of Friedman). All the data were analyzed with the help of a statistical software program (SPSS).The researcher obtained the following results : - 1 - There is a statistically significant difference between the scores of the children from both experimental and control groups on a scale, showing the ability to solve environmental problems (congestion, waste, air pollution), applicable at the tribal level of significance (0.05).2 - There is a statistically significant difference between the scores of the children from both experimental and control groups, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, allergy problems) (application of the tribal at the level of significance (0.05)).3 - There is a statistically significant difference between the scores of children from both experimental and control groups on a scale, showing the ability to solve environmental problems (congestion, waste, air pollution), (llttbaiq post - test at the level of significance (0.05)).4 - There is a statistically significant difference between the scores of the children from both experimental and control groups, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, sensitivity to the problem) (application of the post - test, when the level of significance is (0.05)).5 - There is a statistically significant difference between the scores of children from the experimental group, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, sensitivity to the problem) in solving the problem of congestion (application of the post - test, when the level of significance is (0.05)).6 - There is a statistically significant difference between the scores of children from the experimental group, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, sensitivity to the problem) in solving the problem of waste (application of the post - test at the level of significance (0.05)).7 - There is a statistically significant difference between the scores of the children from the experimental group, tested for creative skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, sensitivity to the problem) in solving the problem of air pollution (application of the post - test, when the level of significance is (0.05)).The research presented a number of conclusions, namely : - 1 - Members of the sample, considered as a whole unity, have some weakness in solving environmental problems.2 - Members of the sample have some weakness in applying creative skills to solve environmental problems.3 - After the application of the program it turned out that there are differences in the level of skills of creative solution to environmental problems between the experimental group and the control group. For the experimental group.4 - There is a significant effect of the training program, due to the acquisition of a large number of children creative skills in solving environmental problemsAfter a researcher for the results of her research, made a series of recommendations and proposals which it believes benefit researchers who wish to complete the findings.* necessity of the development of the Ministry of Education to solve environmental problems for the children of the kindergarten, through attention to reconsider methods of kindergarten.* Conduct a study using methods other Tdrbeh is a technique that was used by a researcher at the consideration of other strategies to theories of creative solution
