First pages:

الذكاء اللغوي وعلاقته بمهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة) لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية == Linguistic intelligence and its relation to writing skills expression (use of rules and sentence structure) of secendery school students

Author name: هله وليد غانم

Supervisor name: حيدر كريم سكر

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تعد صعوبات اكتساب اللغة من اول العلامات والمؤشرات التي يتم ملاحظتها على الطالب الذي يفتقر الى تطور القدرات العقلية المعرفية، كما تعد مشكلات اللغة من اشد المشكلات واعمقها لان اي نقص في تطور هذه القدرات يؤثر سلبا على مستوى ذكاء الطلبة، وعلى مهاراتهم في التواصل (الشفهي والكتابي) الا ان غياب المؤثرات اللغوية عند الطلبة يسبب مشكلة في تنمية الذكاء اللغوي، ونجد هذه المشكلة تسبب ضعفا، او فقرا شديدا في المهارات اللغوية التعبيرية، وضعفا في فهم استعمال القواعد اللغوية وتركيب الجملة اثناء التعبير، ويعود ذلك الى امتلاك الطلبة الشعور بالخوف والتردد، مما يسبب اتساع الفجوة بينهم وبين اللغة.فالطالب الذي يتميز باستخدام اللغة ينعكس ذلك ايجابيا على ذكائه اللغوي، حيث يمتلك (جانبا بلاغيا للغة) اي استعمال اللغة لاقناع الاخرين بسلوك معين، وقدرة على معالجة البناء اللغوي والاستخدام العلمي بهدف البلاغة او البيان، كما انه يكسب الطالب قدرة لغوية تساعده على الطلاقة في التعبير، ويفسح المجال امامه لاعمال الرؤيا والخيال وتخير الالفاظ والمفردات، وانتقاء التراكيب واستعمال القواعد المناسبة للجملة التعبيرية عند كتابة موضوع ما، فمهارة استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة لهما اهمية تبرز في انها العمود الفقري للغة، لما لها من اهمية كبيرة في مهارات التعبير الكتابي، اذ تجعل الفرد ذا قدرة مميزة في التعبير عن ارائه بكل وضوح ودقة من ناحية، وقدرة على التواصل الاجتماعي من ناحية اخرى، فالانسان حينما يفكر فانه يستخدم الالفاظ والجمل والتراكيب اللغوية، وكذلك في كتابة اي موضوع اثناء التعبير، ومن هنا جاء هذا البحث محاولة لمعرفة العلاقة بين الذكاء اللغوي ومهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة)، وعليه استهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على الاتي : 1 - الذكاء اللغوي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعداديه.2 - مهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة) لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية .3 - العلاقة بين الذكاء اللغوي ومهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة) لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية .4 - الفروق في العلاقة بين الذكاء اللغوي ومهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة)لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية تبعا لمتغيري : ا - الجنسب - التخصص5 - مدى اسهام مهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة) في الذكاء اللغوي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية .واقتصر البحث على طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية في تربيات الكرخ (الاولى، الثانية، الثالثة) من الذكور والاناث وللتخصص (العلمي - الادبي) للعام الدراسي (2010 - 2011).وتحقيقا لاهداف البحث قامت الباحثة بتبني مقياس الذكاء اللغوي الذي اعده "جاردنر" والمكون من (13) فقرة وتحققت من صدقه وثباته، ومن ثم قامت بتطبيقه على عينة تم اختيارها بطريقة عشوائية عنقودية منتظمة بلغت(400) طالب وطالبة .وقامت الباحثة ايضا بتبني اختبار مهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة) المعد من قبل "فلانجان"حيث تحدد اختبار استعمال القواعد من (40) فقرة،واختبار تركيب الجملة من (12) فقرة، وتحققت الباحثة من صدق الاختبار وثباته، وقامت بتطبيقه على العينة نفسها ايضا.وفي ضوء اهداف البحث الحالي وبعد تطبيق اداتيه واستعمال الوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة تم التوصل الى النتائج الاتية : 1 - اظهرت النتائج ان عينة البحث تتمتع بذكاء لغوي بدرجة متوسطة .2 - اظهرت النتائج ان عينة البحث تتمتع بمهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة) .3 - كما اظهرت النتائج ان هناك علاقة بين الذكاء اللغوي ومهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة) .4 - اظهرت النتائج ان هناك فروقا في العلاقة بين الذكاء اللغوي ومهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة) لصالح الاناث وللتخصص العلمي .5 - اظهرت النتائج ان مهارتي التعبير الكتابي (استعمال القواعد وتركيب الجملة) تسهمان في الذكاء اللغوي .وفي ضوء هذه النتائج طرحت الباحثة عددا من التوصيات كان اهمها : استعمال الانشطة اللغوية داخل الصف مثل المقالات، والقصة القصيرة، التي تكثر من استعمال الكلمات والمفردات اللغوية من اجل تنمية الذكاء اللغوي للطلبة وزيادة قدرتهم على التعبير. | That the difficulties of language acquisition of the first signs and indicators that are observed in a student who lacks the development of mental knowledge, so are the problems of the language of the more profound problems, because any deficiency in the development of this capacity adversely affected the level of intelligence of the students, and their skills in communication (oral and written) so that the absence of effects language of the students caused the problem in the development of intelligent language, and we find this problem is caused by weakness, or extreme poverty in language skills, expressive, and weakness in understanding the use of grammar and sentence structure during the speech, because the result has the students a sense of fear and hesitation, which causes widening the gap between them and the language. An individual who enjoys language is characterized by his intelligence language, where he owns (the rhetorical language) all use language to persuade others of certain conduct, and capacity to address the construction of linguistic and scientific use to rhetoric or statement, he earns students the ability of language to help him fluency of expression, it lends itself to them for the realization of the vision, imagination and choice words and vocabulary, and the selection of compositions and the use of appropriate rules of inter expressive when writing a theme, each of the skill of the use of rules and syntax importance stand out in it the backbone of the language, because of their great importance in the skills of written expression, as it makes the individual a special place to express his opinions very clearly and accurately the one hand, and the ability of the social networking on the other hand, man when he thinks he uses words and phrases and linguistic structures, and in writing any subject during the expression, hence this research effort to find out the relationship between linguistic, my skills written expression ( use of rules and sentence structure), and therefore the current research was to identify the following : 1 - linguistic intelligence among the students of middle school. 2 - my skills written expression (use of rules and sentence structure) at the middle school students. 3 - the relationship between intelligence and linguistic written expression my skills (use of rules and sentence structure) at the middle school students. 4 - Differences in the relationship between linguistic, my skills of written expression (induce rules and sentence structure) at the middle school students according to variables : A - Gender B - Major 5 - the extent to which my skills written expression (use of rules and sentence structure), linguistic intelligence in the middle school students. Find and identify the students in middle school Terbaat Karkh (the first, second, third) of the males and females and specialization (scientific - literary) for the academic year (2010 - 2011). To achieve the objectives of the research the researcher to adopt linguistic intelligence test prepared by the "Gardner", consisting of (13) and achieved a paragraph of charity and firmness, and then applied to the sample was chosen randomly reached (400) students. The researcher also adopt test my skills written expression (use of rules and sentence structure) prepared by the "Flanagan" where you specify the test to use the rules of (40) a paragraph, and test the syntax of (12) a paragraph, and achieved a researcher of the sincerity of the test and its stability, and has applied to the same sample as well. In light of the objectives of current research and after the application of instrumental and use appropriate statistical methods was reached following results : 1 - The results showed that the statistical sample to have a linguistic intelligence moderately. 2 - The results showed that the statistical sample has Bmharta written expression (use of rules and sentence structure). 3 - The results also showed that there is a statistical relationship between intelligence and linguistic written expression my skills (use of rules and sentence structure). 4 - The current study showed that there are differences in the relationship between intelligence and linguistic written expression my skills (use of rules and sentence structure) for females and for scientific specialization. 5 - The current study showed that all my skills of written expression (use of rules and sentence structure) contribute to the linguistic intelligence. In light of these results the researcher put forward a number of recommendations was the most important : The use of language in the classroom activities such as articles, short stories, which abound from the use of words and vocabulary for the development of linguistic intelligence for students and increase their ability to express.

الشعور بالياس وعلاقته بالاتجاه نحو الهجرة لدى طلبة الجامعة == Desperateness and Its Relationship with the Tendency towards Migration among University Students

Author name: نور جمعة مرزوق اليعقوب

Supervisor name: سناء عبد الزهرة الجمعان

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Due to the events happening around them and because of wars and catastrophes, many young people suffer from disappointment and desperateness. This makes them feel like they are helpless and can't get along with the events in their country. When this feeling sneaks up into the person, he will be hit by depression and desperateness and other psychological illnesses which lead to problems that make him flee of his reality and migrate to achieve his goals and improve his social and financial status and enjoy security. As living circumstances grow worse, people in general and students in particular will be prone to depression and desperateness. Chances of getting jobs inside the country decreased and became so rare inside and outside the university which resulted in the increase of need and deprivation. Since the desperate person feels like unsteady, he can't take the right decisions. One of these decisions that he would take to solve his problems is migration.The study problem is summarized in the following question : Do the research sample suffer from desperateness? Is there any relationship between desperateness and the tendency to migration among the members of the research sample?The study targeted five main objectives, they are : 1. Identifying desperateness among university students.2. Identifying the tendency to migration among university students.3. Identifying the differences of the feeling of desperateness among university students according to the variable of study specification (human - scientific).4. Identifying the differences of the tendency to migration among university students according to the variable of study specification (human - scientific).5. Identifying the relationship between desperateness and the tendency to migration among university students.To achieve this, the researcher adopted (Beck's 1974) depression scale, and built a scale for the tendency to migration among university students. The researcher validated the psychometric features of the scales through (validity and reliability, face validity, discrimination validity and building validity) and the reliability of the scale through (test - retest and Alpha Cronbach's formula) and the discrimination power of the scales items by applying them on a sample of (400) students from the University of Basra. The results showed that : b1. The research sample suffers from desperateness.2. The research sample has a tendency to migration.3. There are statistically significant differences in the feeling of desperateness among university students according to the variable of study specification (human - scientific).4. There are no statistically significant differences in the tendency to migration among university students according to the variable of study specification (human - scientific).5. There exists a weak correlative relationship between desperateness and the tendency to migration.In the light of the above results, the researcher has come up with a number of recommendations and suggestions, they are : 1. Activating the role of university guidance and counseling centers to set protection plans to deal with cases of desperateness among university students.2. Urging the related institutes to held seminars and workshops that clarify the role of the young people to serve their country.The researcher suggested the following : 1. Preparing a counseling program to decrease the level of desperateness among university students.2. Preparing a counseling program to modify students tendency to migration

اثر الارشاد بالمعنى في خفض الاحتراق النفسي عند معلمات ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة == Effect of Logo - Counseling on Alleviating Burnout of Female Teachers of The Special Needs

Author name: ايمان سامي طاهر اللعيبي

Supervisor name: بتول بناي زبيري

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Our Society has been exposed to many wars and crises and witnessed a huge epetemic and technological development. All this increased and varied the needs of our every - day life and the obstacles we face nowadays make us suffer of many psychological problems like anxiety and stress. such problems require more efforts and thinking on the part of the researcher so as to explore their nature, identify their causes and see how we can avoid their impact on both the individual and the society.Teaching is one of the oldest professions where teachers exert more efforts and which causes much psychological and occupational stress. Usually, the teacher is exposed the most serious obstacle facing teachers, particularly those of the Special Needs since such teachers are dealing with students of different kinds of impairment and who need special service and additional care. Consequently, such teachers exposed more than other ones to the psychological burnout.Since logo - counseling is considered as one of the techniques to treat many psychological problems, the researcher has thought of tackling thin problem by designing a counseling program based on the of logo - counseling. The problem of study is defined by the following questions : 1. Do female teachers of the Special Needs suffer of the burnout ?2. Does the logo - counseling have any influence to alleviate the level of burnout those teachers suffer of ?The current study attempts to design a programme the is based on the techniques and technicalities of the logo - counseling theory which is considered as the most important and active movement of psychology nowadays.CThis theory tries to change and modify behavior through finding out the meaning of life, assigning the clear aim of life and reevaluating matters by use of the different techniques, drills and tactics that focus on both the soul and the psych to modify the ubnormal and disturbed behaviour.Since logo - counseling is one the counseling techniques that proves to be active in treatment of many psychological problems and disturbances, the researcher designed a counseling programme according to the logo - counseling theory to confront the phenomenon of psychological burnout of female teachers of the Special Needs by using a group of techniques and technicalities for that purpose.The objectives of the study are to : 1. measure the burnout that female teachers of the Special Needs suffer of.2. investigate the influence of the logo - counseling programme to reduce the burnout of the famele teachers of the Special Needs.1. There are no differences between the pre - test and the post on the scale of the burnout of the experimental group on the significance level of (0.05).2. There are no statistically significant difference between the per - test and the post - test on the scale of burnout of the control group on the significance level of (0.05).3. There are no statistically significant differences between the par - test and the post - test in both the experimental and control group on the scale of the burnout on the significance level of (0.05).Victor Frankle was the founder of the logo - counseling theory. He was in one way or another influenced by many fundamental factors that made the historical and psychological roots from which the logo - counseling theory came out. These roots were : existentialism, phenomenonlogy, clinical practices and him experience in the him camps.DLogo - counseling theory includes a group of some main concepts, It is based on the three fundamental concepts of freedom of will, meaning of the will, and meaning of life. The specific technicalities of the logo - counseling theory are : the counter : 1 - intention : awareness of responsibility, providing intention information, directing questions, granting trust, discussion and family training.2 - Techniques and technicalities of alienating thinking : concentration, forming the direction, encouragement, reversing meaning.3 - Technicality of the Socratic dialogue .4 - Modifying directions.5 - The drama that is based on logo - counseling (logo - drama).6 - The technicality of Analysis by meaning.7 - The technicality of pleading.Burnout is one of the most dangerous and negative phenomenon suffered by those working the sector of human service including teachers because such work, naturally, requires them to participate emotionally and to exert continuous efforts for the sake of others. Thus, they fell tired, exhausted, strained and having weak motivation towards the work. As a result their psychological is going to deteriorate. Today, the possibility of burnout is very high and it is longer a rare case because of the increased pressure of the society and the profession. This problem does not only affect the individuals, but also the establishment where they work. Be sided the term psychological Burnout is widely used nowadays and the phenomenon becomes a feature of modern societies. Maslach proved that people working in that different profession are infected with burnout that may lead to malfunction and failure to achieve the required in work. Freidman (1991) argued that burnout is more associated with the professions.EThe burnout has three dimensions : emotional stress, inactivity of feeling and lack of feeling of personal achievement. It has physical, psychological and behavioural symptoms and develops through the phases of inactivity, breakup and the critical phase. Generally, it has negative effects on the infected people.Burnout of the teacher a phenomenon is related to other phenomena like the attitude and the satisfaction of the teacher to his profession, his efficiency and interaction with the society. Sometime, the attitude of the teacher towards his profession is the main determinant of how for and how. Long he can bear the profession and it is psychological stress and consequently the burnout he suffers of.To achiere the aims of the current study, the researcher adopted the scale of psychological burnout (Said Ahmed 2015) and designed counseling programme based on a group of techniques and technicalities that are specific to the logo - counseling theory. The sample of the study originally consisted of 135 female teachers of the disabled in primary schools that had classes for the special education and institutes for the Special Needs in the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Lab our and Social Affairs during the academic year 2015 - 2016. The experimental sample consisted of 20 female teachers that were intentionally selected and that were distributed in to the control group (10 teachers) and experimental group (10 teachers). The researcher made these two groups equal the same as far the variables of social status, level of education and the number of years in the job are concerned. The experimental group went through 20 counseling sessions; two sessions a week. Each session lasted for 50 - 60 minutes. The statistical method that was used in the current study was the statistical portfolio SPSS.Finally, the researcher arrived some conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

مقارنة بين اسلوبي نموذج راش ونظرية القياس الكلاسيكية لبناء اختبار الذكاء اللغوي لتلامذة المرحلة الابتدائية في قدرته على التنبؤ بتحصيلهم في مادة اللغة العربية

Author name: انعام هاشم سلطان النعيمي

Supervisor name: شذى عبد الباقي العجيلي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Measurement and Evaluation

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: كان نتيجة التطورات المهمة في القياس النفسي واتجاهاته ونظرياته ظهور اتجاهات في قياس الظواهر النفسية والتربوية هما القياس السيكومتري واعتماده على مبدا التوزيع الاعتدالي للسمات والقدرات بين الافراد والذي يتم فيه مقارنة درجة الفرد بدرجات مجموعته التي ينتمي اليها بحيث تتوزع درجات المجموعة توزيعا اعتداليا وبالاعتماد على التوزيع الطبيعي للظواهر والخصائص النفسية لذا سميت بالاختبارات والمقاييس معيارية المرجع . اما الاتجاه الاخر فهو القياس الاديومتري الذي ظهر حديثا مقارنة بالقياس النفسي السيكومتري اذ انه ظهر نتيجة لتطور مفهوم العملية التعليمية في تحقيق مفهوم التعلم من اجل التمكن ومقارنة درجة الطالب بمحك الاداء المعين وبحسب الاهداف الموضوعة ويعد نظام القياس الموضوعي من التطورات المعاصرة في القياس النفسي وقد ارتبط ذلك بمدخل جديد يطلق عليه مدخل السمات الكامنة في القياس وكان انموذج راش من اهم نماذجها من حيث عدد الفروض وسهولة اجراءاته الاحصائية . وعلى الرغم من ميزات كلا من هما لا يزال ادب القياس يفتقر الى الدراسات التي تقارن بين الاسلوبين ومعرفة ايهما افضل في تحقيق مطالب المجتمع ومشكلات بيئاته الخاصة وصولا الى الدقة والموضوعية مما حفز الباحثة الى تحديد هدف البحث للاجابة عن السؤال : - هل ان بناء اختبار للذكاء اللغوي على وفق انموذج راش لتلامذة المرحلة الابتدائية له قدرة على التنبؤ بتحصيل التلاميذ في مادة اللغة العربية مقارنة بالاسلوب التقليدي ؟ وذلك من خلال حساب الدرجة الكلية لافراد العينة بثلاث صور هي : ا - صورة تعتمد الفقرات التي عدت صالحة على وفق الطريقة التقليدية . ب‌ - صورة تعتمد الفقرات التي عدت مطابقة لافتراضات انموذج راش .ت‌ - صورة تعتمد الفقرات التي عدت صالحة على وفق الطريقة التقليدية والمطابقة لافتراضات انموذج راش . وللاجابة عن السؤال اتبعت خطوات عدة لبناء اختبار الذكاء اللغوي استنادا الى نظرية كاردنر في الذكاء المتعدد تكون الاختبار في صورته الاولية من ( 67 ) فقرة غطت سبعة عوامل للذكاء اللغوي وبحسب اهمية كل عامل وعلى وفق ما حدده الخبراء ومن نوع الاختيار من متعدد وباربع بدائل للاجابة . طبق الاختبار على ( 504) تلميذ وتلميذة من تلامذة الصف الرابع ، والخامس ، والسادس من المرحلة الابتدائية وبشكل جمعي . في تحليل الفقرات بالطريقة التقليدية تم اعتماد اربعة محكات لانتقاء الفقرات هي : (1) معامل التمييز (0.20) فاكثر (2) مستوى صعوبة بين ( 0.20 الى 0.70 ) باستخدام اسلوب المجموعتين المتطرفتين في الدرجة الكليـــــة (3) صدق الفقرة باعتماد علاقة ارتباطية بين درجة الفقرة والدرجة الكلية باستخدام معامل ارتباط بوينت بايسسريال (4) معامل سالب لفعالية البدائل ويحذب 3% من افراد العينة في الاقل . وعند حساب الخصائص القياسية للاختبار باكمله : ا - استخرج صدق الاختبار بطريقتين هما : اولا : صدق البناء ، وتم من خلاله ا - التحليل العاملي ب - وجود ارتباطات دالة احصائيا بين درجات العوامل السبع . ثانيا : الصدق المرتبط بمحك وتم من خلال وجود ارتباط بين درجات افراد عينة الصدق ودرجاتهم في الامتحان النهائي اذ بلغ معامل الارتباط 0.753 . ب - استخرج ثبات الاختبار بطريقتين هما : 1 - طريقة تحليل التباين اذ بلغ ( 0.811) . 2 - طريقة كودر - ريتشاردسون 20 ، اذ بلغ (0.918) .كما تم تحليل الفقرات على وفق انموذج راش وقد اعتمدت المحكات الاتية : ا - الفقرات التي طابقت افتراضات انموذج راش باستخدام برنامج راسكال المحوسب استنادا الى عدم الدلالة الاحصائية لقيمة مربع كاي عند مستوى (0.05) .ب‌ - ان يقترب معلم التميز من الواحد . كما تم التحقق من الموضوعية في القياس من ثم تم اعتماد درجات افراد العينة في الامتحان النهائي للعام الدراسي (2003 - 2004) لمادة اللغة العربية محكا للتنبؤ بالتحصيل الدراسي لكلا الاسلوبين في تحليل الفقرات وتوصلت نتائج البحث الحالي الى : (1) بعد تحليل فقرات الاختبار باستعمال الطريقة التقليدية قد ابقت في الصورة النهائية للاختبار (60) فقرة من بين (67) فقرة . (2) بعد تحليل فقرات الاختبار باستعمال انموذج راش قد ابقت في الصورة النهائية للاختبار (39) فقرة من بين (67) فقرة . (3) فيما يتعلق بالقدرة على التنبؤ بالتحصيل في مادة اللغة العربية ، كان لكلاهما القدرة على التنبؤ بالتحصيل غير ان اسلوب انموذج راش تميز بقدرة اعلى على التنبؤ مقارنة بالطريقة التقليدية . (4) اما فيما يتعلق بـوسط وتباين الدرجات الكلية فلم تكن هناك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين وسط الدرجات الكلية للاختبار على وفق الطريقة التقليدية وانموذج راش . في حين هناك فروقا ذات دلالة احصائية بين تباين الدرجات الكلية لصورتي الاختبار ولم تتوصل الباحثة الى تلك الفرو قات بعد تنقيح الاختبار التقليدي مما اوعزت الباحثة النتيجة الى الفرق بين عدد الفقرات لصورتي الاختبار . | The result of important developments in psychological measure and its direction . theories anew directions appeared in measure psychological and educational phenomena s . They are psychology and its depend on medium distribution for features and abilities between individual and compare individual marks of the group marks that he belongs to in which the marks of the group are distributed fairly by dependence natural distribution for phenomena s characteristics so they are called standard soured measures and tests. Another trend is Audiometric which is appeared recently than psychometric. It appeared recently than psychometric. It appeared due to development of concept of teaching procedure to achieve learning concept in order accomplish and compare student marks by certain performance subjective measure system is considered modern development in psychological measure . This was correlated by new access named Access for features imbedded in measuring . The sample of Rash was the most important through its hypothesis and easy procedures of statistics . In spite of these feature , measurement literature , still lack the studies which compare the two methods and know which is best to meet society needs and problem of its environment to reach precise and objectivity . That evoke the research to detriment research aim to as this question . Has test of linguistic intelligence according to Rash sample for puple of primary stage the ability to predict puple acquirements in Arabic language comparing with traditional methods ? Through calculate total marks of sample individuals in three pictures : A. A picture depends on items which are valide on traditional method . B. B. Picture that depends on items which are identical to Rash sample hypotheses .C. Picture that depend on items which are valid according to traditional methods that identical to Rash sample hypothesis. To answer this question . I have followed several steps to make intelligence . The test I primary picture from (67) term which covered seven factors for Linguistics intelligence according to importance of each factor through what experts determine multi choose and by four substitutes for answer . The test was made for 504 male and female from fourth and sixth year of primary stage . B - Test reliability was concluded by two methods .1 - Defecation Analyses variance method methods reached (0.811) . 2 - Goder - Richardson 20 reached ( 0.918) terms analyze was performed on Rash sample based on the following styles : - A. Items which identical to Rash sample by use Rascal computerized program based on none statistical for chi - square cube value at (0.05) level .B. Distinguishing mark hear by one objectivity were investigated and to take marks of sample individual in final exam to : - (1) After analyze test items by use of classical method for final form in test (60) terms of (67) items .(2) After analyzing test term s by use Rash sample 39 items we stage in final form of 67 .(3) About the ability to predict the obtains in Arabic language, both has the ability .I analyzing items by traditional method four touches were taken to select the items .They are : - 1 . Distinguishing coefficient (0.030) and more .2 . Difficulty level between (0.30 to 0.70) by use two extreme grunt methods in total marks .3 . The vaildity of the items by take correlation relation between term mark and total marks by use correlation point by serial confident .4 . Negative coefficient for substitute activities and %3 of sample individual were omitted at least .When measure standard characteristics of the perform .1 . Conclude the valid of two methods .First / Forming valid which the following are perfumed .A . Active analysis .B . Exist of tactical coefficient connection between seven factors .Second / valid which is connected by touch in which through correlation exit between valid sample individual and their marks in final exam . it is (0.753) to predict the gain , but Rash sample has ability higher then predict of traditional methods. 4 . Medium and distinguishing of total marks there are no statistical significant differences among total marks for test on traditional method and Rash sample .

الذكاء الثقافي وعلاقته بالتفتح الذهني لدى طلبة الجامعة == Cultural Intelligence and Its Relation to Mind Openness of University Students

Author name: زينب علي جاسم سميسم

Supervisor name: كريم فخري هلال السريراتي الجبوري

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: ﹸيعد الذكاء الثقافي مقياسا" لمدى قدرتنا على التعايش مع الاخرين والارتباط بهم ، والانسان ما هو الا كائن اجتماعي بحاجه الى تطوير تلك القدرات من اجل النجاح في الحياة والاستمتاع بهواتكوين علاقات ايجابية من الصداقة والمودة في حالة التمايز الثقافي . والذكاء الثقافي كما عرفه روبرت ستيرنبرغ هو قدرة الفرد على اقامة علاقات شخصية ذات كفاية في مواقف تتسم بالتعدد الثقافي ، والقدرة على فهم الاشارات والرموز اللفظية وغير اللفظية في ثقافة مغايرة لثقافته الاصلية والاستجابة لهذه الاشارات بشكل توافقي.وبغيابه تظهر العديد من المشكلات بما فيها قلة تبادل الخبرات وعدم التوافق مع الحقائق التي نحملها عن ثقافة اخرى ....الخ . عندما يتحقق هذا الامر بين الطلبة يصبح مناخ مناسبا للتعليم والتفكير والابتكار وهذا ما يعنيه التفتح الذهني الذي هو كما عرفه روكش هو نمط من التفكير يتميز بانه مرنا ناميا متطور ويتقبل التغير ، حيث يهتم الفرد بمعرفة افكار الاخرين ومعتقداتهم ويتقبلها ، لديه القدرة على تغيير افكاره اذا ثبت انها خطا. مجتمع البحث الحالي هم طلبة جامعة بابل للعام الدراسي (2016 - 2017 ) للدراسة الصباحية الاولية من الذكور والاناث ومن التخصصين العلمي والانساني والذي بلغ عددهم (20541) طالبا ، يسعى البحث الحالي الى تقصي العلاقة الارتباطية بين الذكاء الثقافي والتفتح الذهني لدى عينة من مجتمع البحث مؤلفه من ( 411 طالب وطالبة ) اختيروا بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية وقامت الباحثة بتبني مقياسي للذكاء الثقافي مقياس عيدي (2010) وللتفتح الذهني مقياس عسلي (2013 ) . حيث يهدف البحث الحالي التعرف الى : 1 - مستوى الذكاء الثقافي لدى طلبة جامعة بابل. 2 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى الذكاء الثقافي لدى طلبة الجامعة على وفق متغيري الجنس (ذكور - اناث ) والتخصص (علمي - انساني ).3 - مستوى التفتح الذهني لدى طلبة جامعة بابل .4 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى التفتح الذهني لدى طلبة الجامعة على وفق متغيري الجنس (ذكور - اناث ) والتخصص (علمي - انساني ).5 - العلاقة الارتباطية بين الذكاء الثقافي والتفتح الذهني لدى طلبة جامعة بابل . تم تحليل جميع بيانات الدراسة احصائيا باستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (Statictied Package For Social Sciences) والمعروفة بـ(SPSS ) ونظام جداول البيانات (Excel.2016) والتي اتاحت تطبيق عدد من الوسائل الاحصائية مثل معامل ارتباط بيرسون ، T - test لعينتين مستقلتين واختبارT لعينة واحدة وتحليل التباين الثنائي وغيرها من الوسائل الاحصائية . وتوصل البحث الى النتائج الاتية : - 1 - ان طلبة جامعة بابل لديهم مستوى ذكاء ثقافي دال احصائيا".2 - لا توجد فروق دالة احصائيا في مستوى الذكاء الثقافي على وفق متغير الجنس ومتغير التخصص.3 - يتمتع طلبة جامعة بابل في مستوى التفتح الذهني دال احصائيا".4 - لا توجد فروق دالة احصائيا في مستوى التفتح الذهني على وفق متغيرات الجنس والتخصص.5 - وجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائيا بين مستوى الذكاء الثقافي ومستوى التفتح الذهني لدى طلبة جامعة بابل. وعلى ضوء النتائج قدمت الباحثة عددا من التوصيات والمقترحات | Cultural intelligence is considered as a measure of the extent to which we can live with others and relate to them. Who needs to develop these abilities in order to succeed in life and to enjoy positive relations of friendship and affection in the case of cultural differentiation. The intellectual intelligence, as Robert Sternberg has defined it, is the ability of the individual to establish adequate interpersonal relationships in multicultural situations, to be able to understand verbal and nonverbal signs and symbols in a culture different from his original culture and to respond to these signals consensually. And the incompatibility with the facts we hold about another culture ... etc. When this happens between students, it becomes an appropriate environment for learning, thinking and innovation. This means the Mind openness which is, as Rokeach defines, a pattern of thinking characterized by a flexible, developed and accepting change. The individual is interested in knowing and accepting others' ideas and beliefs. He has the ability to change his ideas if proven it's wrong. The current research community is the students of the University of Babylon for the academic year (2016 - 2017) for the undergraduate morning study of males and females and the scientific and human specialization which consisted of (20541) students, the present research aims to investigate the correlation between cultural intelligence and mind openness in a sample of the research (411 ) students were chosen by the random stratified method and the researcher adopted a measure of cultural intelligence scale Eidi (2010) and to Mind Openness scale Azyle (2013). The current research aims to identify : 1 - The level of cultural intelligence between the students of Babylon University.2 - Differences of statistical significance in the level of cultural intelligence between university students according to the variables of gender (male - female) and specialization (scientific - artist).3 - the level of Mind Openness between students of the University of Babylon.4 - The differences of statistical significance in the level of Mind Openness between university students according to the variables of gender (male - female) and specialization (scientific - artist).5 - the correlation between the cultural intelligence and Mind Openness between the students of the University of Babylon. All statistical data were analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the spreadsheet system (Excel2016) which enabled the application of a number of statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient, T - test for two independent samples and T test For single sample and analysis of binary variance and other statistical means. The research reached the following results : 1. The students of the University of Babylon have a level of statistically significant in the level of cultural intelligence.2 - There are no statistically significant differences in the level of cultural intelligence according to gender variable and the variable of specialization.3 - The students of the University of Babylon have a level of Statistically significant at the level of Mind Openness 4 - There are no statistically significant differences in the level of Mind Openness according to gender and specialization variables.5 - There a correlation relationship is statistically significant between the level of cultural intelligence and the level of Mind Openness between students of the University of Babylon.In light of the results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions

الاندماج المعرفي وعلاقته بالسيادة الدماغية لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في المدارس الحكومية والاهلية == The cognitive Engagement and its relation with the Brain dominance among the students at the secondary school level in public and private schools

Author name: ضمياء حميد صلال

Supervisor name: كاظم عبد نور عبد زيد

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: تكمن مشكلة هذا البحث في ان الاندماج المعرفي عند طلبة المدارس الثانوية والاعدادية الحكومية والاهلية وعلاقته بالسيادة الدماغية لم تدرس دراسة علمية على الرغم من اهمية المتغيرين للمتعلم نفسه ومجتمعه. اما اهميته فتنطلق من اهمية متغيري البحث في الفكر التربوي والنفسي والمعرفي واهمية العلاقة بينهموامن اهمية مجتمع البحث وعينته ودور الثقافة النفسية التربوية العلمية في فاعلية عملية التعلم - التعليم. اما اهدافه فتتلخص في التعرف الى : 1 - مستوى الاندماج المعرفي لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية. 2 - مستوى انماط السيادة الدماغية لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية.3 - العلاقة الارتباطية بين الاندماج المعرفي والسيادة الدماغية لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية.4 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاندماج المعرفي على وفق : 1 - السيادة الدماغية.2 - المدارس الحكومية والاهلية.3 - الجنس(ذكور - اناث). وقد تالف مجتمع البحث من (3661 ) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة الصف الخامس العلمي في المدارس الحكومية والاهلية في مركز محافظة بابل المستمرين في الدراسة الصباحية خلال العام الدراسي (2013 - 2014 .(اذ بلغ عدد طلبة المدارس الحكومية (3517 ) طالبا وطالبة, (1654) منهم طالبا يمثلون نسبة ( 7(%4 و(1863 ) منهم طالبة بنسبة (53%(. اما طلبة المدارس الاهلية بلغ عدد طلبتها (144) طالبا وطالبة, (95) منهم طالبا يمثلون حوالي(66%) تقريبا من مجتمع البحث و(49) منهم طالبة بنسبة ( 34%). اما عينة البحث فتكونت من (200) طالب وطالبة, (100) منهم ذكور و(100) منهم اناث. وشكلت نسبة افراد العينة الى افراد المجتمع حوالي (5%). وقد اختير افرادها بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية من (8) مدارس، (4) منها من المدارس الحكومية ، و(4) من المدارس الاهلية.ولقياس الاندماج المعرفي تبنت الباحثة مقياس كل من ( Schraw and Dennison (1994 لقياس مجال التفكير فوق المعرفي ومقياس (الموسوي,2010) لقياس مجال التنظيم الذاتي. اما مقياس السيادة الدماغية تبنت الباحثة مقياس(كاظم,2011) لقياس السيادة الدماغية, وتم معالجة البيانات احصائيا باستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية (SPSS) في معالجة البيانات. وقد اظهرت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي للبيانات ما ياتي : . 1 - ارتفاع مستوى الاندماج المعرفي لدى عينة البحث. اذ بلغ المتوسط الحسابي (439.25) والمتوسط الفرضي (312) وهذا الارتفاع دال عند مستوى (0.05). 2 - ارتفاع مستوى انماط السيادة الدماغية ( (HBDI لدى افراد عينة البحث. اذ ظهر المتوسط الحسابي اعلى من المتوسط الفرضي لجميع انماط السيادة الدماغية 3 - توجد علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائيا عند مستوى (0.05) بين الاندماج المعرفي وانماط السيادة الدماغية((A.4 - توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة(05,0) في الاندماج المعرفي على وفق (الجنس). 5 - توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (05,0) في الاندماج المعرفي تبعا للانماط السيادة الدماغية لدى افراد عينة البحث.6 - توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في الاندماج المعرفي تبعا للمدارس لصالح المدارس الحكومية لدى افراد عينة البحث. وعلى ضوء تلك النتائج استنتجت الباحثة ما ياتي : 1 - ان ارتفاع مستوى الاندماج المعرفي ربما يعود الى اسباب عديدة يقف في مقدمتهزايادة الوعي بالاندماج المعرفي بين افراد عينة البحث. 2 - ان البيئة المدرسية تشجع او تعزز انماط السيادة الدماغية.3 - ان البحث الحالي يؤكد ضرورة تعزيز ثقافة الاندماج المعرفي وانماط السيادة الدماغية بين المدرسين والطلبة . واهم التوصيات هي : 1 - تضمين برامج اعداد المرشدين النفسين موضوعات تضع في برامجها كيفية تحسين الاندماج المعرفي لدى جميع الطلبة في المراحل الدراسية كافة.2 - تضمين برامج اعداد المعلمين والمدرسين مواضيع في مقرراتهم الدراسية بكيفية الكشف عن انماط السيادة الدماغية لدى طلبتهم ومحاولة تحسينهواالتعامل معها بالطريقة الصحيحة. اما اهم المقترحات فهي : 1 - اجراء دراسات مشابهة للبحث الحالي على مراحل دراسية اخرى ومقارنة نتائجها مع نتائج البحث الحالي.2 - القيام بدراسات تتناول علاقة الاندماج المعرفي بمتغيرات اخرى مثل التفكير الابداعي, التحصيل, وحل المشكلات. | The problems of this study lies in, that the cognitive integration to the students at the secondary and high schools in the public and private schools and its relation with the brain dominance ,didn’t study as a scientific study, in spite of the importance of the variables for the learner himself and its society. While its significance based on the necessity of the variables search in the educational, psychological, and scientific thought. And to find out the relation between them ,and the importance of the society research and the role of the psychological ,and educational and scientific culture in the activity of learning - education .while its goals can be summarized in knowing the points below.1 - the level of the cognitive integration among the students at secondary grade.2 - the level of the cerebral dominion patterns among the students at the secondary grade.3 - the partner relation between the cognitive integration and the cerebral dominion among the students at the secondary grade.4 - the statistically important differences in the cognitive integration according to : 1 - the cerebral dominion .2 - the public and private schools.3 - gender(females - males). Population of Research consists of (3661) students males and females from the fifth scientific grade at the public and private schools in the center of Babylon province who are ongoing in the morning study during the year (2013 - 2014) the number of the students in the public schools reached to (3517) males and females (1654) from them represent (%47)percent .and (1863)with one female (%53)percent .while the private schools students ,the number of its students reached to (144) males and females ,(95)from them represent (%66) percent approximate and (49)from them with one female under the rate (%34)percent .while the research sample consists of (200) males and females students (100) males and (100) females .The proportion of the sample members formed (5)percent from the community members and its members have chosen in a random way from (8)teachers ,(4) from public schools and (4)from private schools .To measure the field of the cognitive integration the researcher used the standard (1994 schraw and dennison) to measure the field of thinking over the cognitive and the standard (2010,al musawi) to measure the field of self - regulation. whereas the cerebral dominion ,the researcher used (2011 ,khadim) standard ,to measure the cerebral dominion ,and the documents have resolved statistically using the statistical bag (SPSS), the result of the statistical analysis has shown the documents as below : 1 - the increased in the level of the cognitive engagement to the sample research ,the arithmetic average has reached (439,25) and the premise average (312) and this increased refers to the level (0,05).2 - the increased in the level of the brain dominance patterns (A,B,C,D) to the members of the research sample .3 - there is no statistically partner relation at level (0,05) between the cognitive integration and the brain dominance patterns.4 - there are statistically differences at level (0,05) in the cognitive integration according to (gender and schools)5 - there are statistically differences at level (0,05) according to cerebral dominion pattern in the cognitive integration and due to those result the researcher has concluded the following .1 - The increased in the cognitive integration level maybe due to many reasons ,fist of all the high awareness in the among the research sample members .2 - the school environment encourages and enhances the cerebral dominion patterns.3 - the current study emphasizes the necessity of enhancing the culture of the cognitive integration and the cerebral dominion patterns among the teacher and students .The most important recommendations are : 1 - include the training programs for the psychologists and instructors subjects of how to improve the cognitive integration to all the students in the different grades .2 - include the training programs for the teachers at primary and secondary schools subjects in their basic course of how to discover the cerebral dominion patterns to their students and try to improve it and handle I in proper way.The most important suggestions are : 3 - conduct studies which are similar to the current research on the different study levels and compare its result with the result of the current research .4 - do studies about the relation of the cognitive integration with the other variables ,like the creative thinking ,the result and solve problems

القدرات المعرفية وما فوق المعرفية لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية من ذوي اضطراب السلوك التواصلي واقرانهن العاديين == Cognitive abilities and meta Cognitive abilities for preparatory students from conduct behavior disorder and normal

Author name: ريا عبد الهادي حسن الجبوري

Supervisor name: علي محمود كاظم الجبوري

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: The title of search (Cognitive abilities and Meta cognitive abilities of preparatory students with conduct behavior disorders and normal students ) refers to the difficulties that the Iraqi pupil from the lower level of Cognitive abilities and Meta cognitive abilities specially to the preparatory students that refer the number of pupils whose inter preparatory are (34142) and the number finalize are (33411) and one cause of this its lower level of Cognitive abilities and Meta cognitive abilities , so what upholds that Al obeady study (3991) was applied upon (111) pupils from high school the result was there are a communication between Cognitive abilities and conduct behavior disordersSo the year & kreadge study was applied upon (412) pupils from preparatory the result was there are a general lower of Meta cognitive abilities . because of all that This search aim to know : 3 . conduct behavior disorders among preparatory students .2 . Cognitive abilities of preparatory students with conduct behavior disorders .1 . Cognitive abilities among preparatory students from normal .4 . The differences of statistical significance in cognitive abilities according to (disorder , sex) .4 . Meta cognitive abilities above of preparatory students with conduct behavior disorders .1 . Meta cognitive abilities above of preparatory students from normal .1 . The differences of statistical significance in mate cognitive abilities according to (disorder , sex) .To achieve these objectives , the researcher adopted the selection of cognitive abilities prepared by the national center for measurement and Evaluation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the meta cognitive abilities above scale prepared by Lain Zhang (Lain Zhang ,2131) and adopted the measure of conduct behavior disorder in the prepared by (Al Bayati ,2134) verified by virtual truth and truth construction and stability research tools and after verifying truth and stability , the three tools were applied to basic sample of (114) high students in public schools in Babil , after collecting and processing the data statistically using appropriate statistical methods , the following results were obtained : 3 . The size of the sample of people with conduct behavior disorders (31,341) of the total research sample .2 . There are cognitive abilities of students with conduct behavior disorders .1 . There are cognitive abilities of normal students .4 . there are statistically significant differences in the cognitive abilities in favor of normal students .4 . There are no meta cognitive abilities above of students with disorders .1 .There are Meta cognitive abilities above of normal students .1 . There are statistically significant differences in the meta cognitive abilities in favor of normal students .To supplement the benefits related to this research , the researcher recommended to solve the problems that cause the emergence of conduct behavior disorder and the use of correct methods in dealing with adolescent andimprove the family and school reality to reduce the emergence of these disorders and subjecting students with conduct behavior disorders to appropriate treatment programs . The researcher suggests conducting a study to determine the prevalence of communicative behavior disorder among preparatory students and conducting a study to find out the relationship between the disorder of communicative behavior in displaced families and their normal peers .

اساليب التعلم لفيلدر وعلاقتها بالاخفاق المعرفي لدى طلبة الجامعة == Learning Styles to Fielder and its relationship to cognitive failure to university students methods

Author name: دموع خلفة جواد

Supervisor name: علي حسين مظلوم المعموري

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: حاجه ملحة للفرد فحسب وانما ضرورة تفرضها مطاليب المجتمع المتقدم لبناء حياة اجتماعية سليمة ،مما يتطلب منه امتلاك كثير من المعارف والمعلومات لمواجهة التحديات والمشكلات التي تواجهه بصورة مستمرة وبعقلية مرنة متطورة قادرة على التفكير والتعلم والتطور بما يكفل لها النجاح ازاء اي مشروع يخطط له بانخفاض مستوى التحصيل عند الكثير من الطلبة ورغم الجهود الكبيرة التي تبذل من قبلهم الامر الذي يعكس سلبا في ادائهم التحصيلي ويتسبب في الفشل في تحقيق النجاح او على الاقل مواجهة صعوبات حتمية في تعلمها ,وان الاهتمام بهذه الظاهرة المهمة في التعلم تعد محاولة متواضعة لفهم الاسلوب المفضل لدى الطلبة في عملية التعلم , فاسلوب التعلم المتبع قد يحل الكثير من المشكلات التي يعاني منها الطالب وان كثيرا من الطلبة الذين نعتقد انهم اغبياء هم يمتلكون القدرات اللازمة للنجاح ولكن اساليب تعلمهم لا تتناسب مع طرائق التدريس التي نستخدمها معهم, فالاعتقاد بان الطلبة غير اكفاء ليس بسبب نقص في قدراتهم العقلية ولكن بسبب ان اساليب تعلمهم لا تتطابق مع اساليب من يقومون بعملية التقويم وبصورة خاصة في التدريس فنحن بحاجة الى ان ناخذ في اذهاننا اساليب تعلم مناسبة لطلبتنا اذا اردنا ان نصل اليهم ونتواصل معهم.واستهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على ماياتي : - اساليب التعلم لـ فيلدر لدى طلبة الجامعة .2 - الاخفاق المعرفي لدى طلبة الجامعة . 3 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى اساليب التعلم لـ فيلدر لدى طلبة الجامعة وفق متغيري : ( الجنس والتخصص) .4 - الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى الاخفاق المعرفي لدى طلبة الجامعة وفق متغيري : ( الجنس والتخصص) .5 - العلاقة الارتباطية بين اساليب التعلم لفيلدر والاخفاق المعرفي لدى طلبة الجامعة . ولتحقيق اهداف البحث استخدم مقياس اساليب التعلم لفيلدر بعد اذ تم تكييفه وجعلــــــــــــــه مناسب للبيئــــــــــــــــة العراقيـــــــــة ,وتبنــــــي مقياس الاخفاق المعــــــــــرفيBroadbent, 1957)) الذي عربه (الخيلاني، 2008), وتحقق من صدق مقياس اساليب التعلم لفيلدر ومقياس الاخفاق المعرفي بطريقة الصدق الظاهري وصدق البناء وتحقق من ثباتهما بطريقتي اعادة الاختبار ومعادلة الفا _كرونباخ والخطا المعياري للقياس , وبعد استكمال اداتي البحث تم تطبيقهما على عينة البحث الاساسية البالغة (450) طالبا وطالبة واختيرت بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية اي عشوائية موزعة على وفق متغيرات الجنس والتخصص وبعدد يتناسب ونسبة تمثل المتغيرين في المجتمع الاصلي . وبعد جمع البيانات ومعالجتها احصائيا استعملت الوسائل الاحصائية منها( مربع كاي, الاختبار التائي لعينة مستقلة واحدة , الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقليتين , معامل ارتباط بيرسون , معادلة الفا كرونباخ, وتحليل التباين الثنائي ,معادلة ارتباط بوينت بايسريل ). واظهرت النتائج ماياتي : 1.اسلوب التعلم لفيلدر الاكثر تفضيلا من قبل طلبة الجامعة هو الاسلوب البصري.2.ان طلبة جامعة بابل لديهم اخفاق معرفي.3.لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في درجات الاسلوب النشط - التاملي لدى طلبة الجامعة تبعا لمتغيري الجنس (ذكور_ اناث),والتخصص (علمي _ انساني).4.توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في درجات الاسلوب الحسي - الحدسي لدى طلبة الجامعة تبعا لمتغير الجنس (ذكور_ اناث),لصالح الاناث اذ يستخدمن الاسلوب الحسي اكثر من الذكور. لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية تبعا لمتغير التخصص (علمي _انساني).5.توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في درجات الاسلوب البصري _ اللفظي لدى طلبة الجامعة تبعا تغير الجنس (ذكور _اناث ) لصالح الاناث اذ يستخدمن الاسلوب البصري اكثر من الذكور.وكذلك تبعا لمتغير التخصص (علمي _ انساني ),اذ ان طلبة التخصص العلمي يفضلون استخدام الاسلوب البصري اكثر من التخصص الانساني.6.لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في درجات الاسلوب التسلسلي _ الشمولي لدى طلبة الجامعة تبعا لمتغير الجنس (ذكور _اناث) .ولكن توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية تبعا لمتغير التخصص (علمي _ انساني) اذ ان الطلبة ذوي التخصص العلمي يفضلون استخدام الاسلوب التسلسلي اكثر من الطلبة ذوي التخصص الانساني.7.لاتوجد علاقة ارتباطية بين اساليب التعلم لفيلدر والاخفاق المعرفي لدى طلبة الجامعة. وبناء على هذه النتائج , قدمت الباحثة عددا من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات المناسبة | Mental activity is considered essentially a continuation of progress ، So the expansion and development Human mental abilities no became persistent need Only But a necessity imposed by the demands of the developed society to build a healthy social life Which requires him to possess a lot of Cognitive and information to meet the challenges and problems that facing him on a Continuously and a flexible mindset capable of thinking, learning and development To ensure success for any project planned for him low level of achievement for many students and despite the great efforts being made by them , Which is reflects a negative in their performance and causes failure to achieve success or at least to face the inevitable difficulties in Learning , Attention to this important phenomenon in Learning is a considered as Modest attempt to understand students' preferred style of Learning , The style of Learning followed may solve many of the problems suffers from it the student and that many of the students who we think are stupid they have the capabilities to succeed, but their Learning styles do not fit the teaching styles that we use with them , The belief that students are Not efficient is not due to a lack of their mental capacity But because their Learning styles do not match with the styles for Who do with the Evaluation process Especially in teaching We need to keep in mind Learning styles suitable for our students if we want to reach them and communicate with them.The current search is Targeted Recognition Which follows : 1. The Learning styles for a Fielder for the university students.2. the Cognitive Failures for the university students.3. Differences of statistical significance in the level of learning for Fielder of University students According to variable (gender and specialization).4. Differences of statistical significance in the level the Cognitive Failures for the university students (Sex and specialization).5. Relationship between The Learning styles for a Fielder and the Cognitive Failures for the university students.To achieve the objectives of the research, scale of learning style for fielder is used After having been adapted and make it suitable for the Iraqi environment , And adopt a cognitive failure scale (Broadbent, 1957) Which translated it (Al - Khailani, 2008), And check the veracity of the scale learning styles for fielder and a scale the Cognitive Failures in a way the face validity and construct validity and Verification from their Stability by away Re - testing and by away alfa _cronbach equation and the Standard error of scale , After completing the preparation of the instrument of research , they were applied to the basic research sample of (450) students . The random stratified method was chosen according to gender and specialization variables And a number proportional to the ratio represents the variables in the original society. After data collection and processing Statistically The researcher used statistical means Including (Chi - square , t. test for One independent sample , t. test for two independent samples , Pearson correlation coefficient , Alpha Cronbach equation, Analysis of bilateral variation, Correlation equation Point - Beiseral)The results showed which follows : 1. The most preferred styles of learning by university students is the visual style.2. That the students of the University of Babylon have a cognitive failure.3. There were no statistically significant differences in the degrees of active - meditative style among university students according to gender variables (male - female) and specialization (scientific - humanity).4. There were statistically significant differences in the degrees of sensory - intuition style among university students according to gender variables (males and females) , For females, where they use the sensory method more than males. There are no statistically significant differences depending on the variable of specialization (scientific - humanity).5. There are statistically significant differences in the degrees of visual - verbal style among university students, according to the gender variable (male and female) in for females, where they use the visual method more than males. It also according to the specialization variable (scientific - humanity), as the scientific specialization prefer to use the visual method more than the humanity specialization.6. There are no statistically significant differences in the degrees of method (serial - totalitarian) in The university students according to gender (male - female).but there are statistically significant differences depending on the variable of specialization (scientific - humanity). Students of scientific specialization prefer to use the serial method more than students with humanity specialization.7. There is no correlation between the learning styles for fielder and the cognitive failure of university students.Based on these results, the researcher number of Conclusions, Recommendations and the appropriate Suggestions

التحيزات الادراكية وعلاقتها بالذاكرة العاملة لدى طلبة الصف الخامس الاعدادي == Perception Biases and Their Relationship To The Working Memory of eleventh grade Preparatory Students

Author name: جنان وهاب رزاق البيرماني

Supervisor name: حسين ربيع حمادي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: علماء النفس المعرفي ابداوا اهتمامهم في موضوع التحيزات الادراكية اذ انها تؤثر في عمليات اتخاذ القرارات بشكل كبیر في جمیع میادین الحیاة الیوم، واصبحت التطورات والبحوث المتقدمة في هذا المجال الشغل الشاغل للعدید من الباحثین الاكادیمیین والممارسین داخل الجمعيات النفسية , وتلعب الذاكرة دورا اساسيا ومهما في السيطرة على التحيزات الادراكية لدى المتعلمين على اختلاف فئاتهم ومراحلهم العمرية وبما ان العجز او القصورالذي يصيب الذاكرة وخصوصا الذاكرة العاملة تعد احد مظاهر الصعوبات النمائية لدى المتعلمين اذ تعتمد على هذه الذاكرة وظائف وعمليات معرفية اخرى كالانتباه والادراك وهي تمثل مكونا من مكونات الذكاء فتتاثر بمستوى النمو العقلي لدى الفرد.لذلك هدف البحث الحالي لتعرف الى : 1. مستوى التحيزات الادراكية لدى طلبة الصف الخامس الاعدادي.2. مستوى الذاكرة العامله لدى طلبة الصف الخامس الاعدادي.3. الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في التحيزات الادراكية على وفق متغيري ( الجنس - التخصص).4. الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية للذاكرة العامله على وفق متغيري ( الجنس - التخصص).5. العلاقة الارتباطية بين التحيزات الادراكية والذاكرة العامله لدى طلبة الصف الخامس الاعدادي.ولتحقيق هذة الاهداف تم تبني مقياس للتحيزات الادراكية وبناء اختبار للذاكرة العاملة بالاعتماد على بحوث ومقاييس سابقة . وبعد التحقق من الخصائص السايكومترية للمقياسين ، تم تطبيقهما على عينة مكونة من (400) طالب وطالبة من طلبة المدارس الثانوية العلمي والادبي في مركز محافظة بابل تم اختيارهم بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية .وبعد جمع البيانات ومعالجتها احصائيا باستعمال معادلات معامل ارتباط بيرسون، ومعامل ارتباط بوينت باي سيريا ل، واختبار مربع كاي، والوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري والاختبار التائي لعينة الواحدة ، ومعامل التمييز، ومعادلة كيودر - ريتشاردسون (21)، ومعادلة الفا كرونباخ ، وتحليل التباين الثنائي. تم التوصل الى النتائج الاتية : 1 - بشكل عام ظهر ان الطلبة لديهم تحيزات ادراكية.2 - ان الطلبة لديهم ضعف في الذاكرة العاملة ولكافة المجالات.3 - توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في التحيزات الادراكية على وفق متغير الجنس ولصالح الاناث ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية لمتغير التخصص. 4 - توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في الذاكرة العاملة ( اللفظية , التنفيذية) على وفق متغير الجنس ولصالح الذكور ولاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية على وفق متغير التخصص. 5 - العلاقة الارتباطية ضعيفة بين المتغيرين.كما قدمت الباحثة عددا من التوصيات من اهمها : 1. الاهتمام بموضوع التحيزات الادراكية وجعله جزءا لا يتجزا من ثقافة البيت والمدرسة والمجتمع من اجل مساعدة الطلبة على النهوض بسلم تعليمي افضل يليق بقدراتهم وامكانياتهم التي وهبها لهم الله سبحانه وتعالى .2. الاهتمام بموضوع التحيزات الادراكية وادراجها ضمن مفردات مادة علم النفس المعرفي والتدريب على كيفية استعمال اختباراتهوامقاييسها .3. ادخال مهارات تنمية الذاكرة ضمن المناهج الدراسية على شكل قصص او صور اوتمرينات يقوم الطالب بتطبيقها عمليا في المرحلة الثانوية.4. فتح مراكز خاصة لتنمية مهارات الذاكرة العاملة لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية ليصلوا لمرحلة متقدمة من التذكر من اجل مواكبة التطور في البرامج الدراسية المتبعة في الدول المتقدمة.وقدمت الباحثة عددا من المقترحات كان اهمها ما ياتي : 1. تطبيق اختبار الذاكرة العاملة الذي اعدته الباحثة على الطلبة ذوي صعوبات التعلم والذين يعانون من خلل الانتباه والعاديين لقياس مستوى الذاكرة لديهم . 2. اجراء دراسة في مجال التحيزات الادراكية لمعرفة العوامل المؤثرة في التحيز سواء على مستوى المرحلة المتوسطة او الثانوية .3. اجراء دورات تدريبية وبرامج لتدريب المعلمين على كيفية استخدام وتدريس مقاييس التحيزات الادراكية لطلبة وكيفية استعمالها في الحياة العملية .4. مقارنة في التحيزات الادراكية بين طلبة المجتمع الحضري والمجتمع الريفي في العراق على اعتبار ان التحيزات الادراكية تتاثر بالبيئة الثقافية المختلفة | Cognitive psychologists have begun their interest in the subject of cognitive biases, as they affect decision making processes in all aspects of life today, and advanced research and development in this field has become the concern of many academic researchers and practitioners in psychological societies. Memory plays an important and important role in controlling Adolescent prejudices among learners of different age groups and disabilities. The deficit or deficit that affects memory, especially working memory, is one of the manifestations of development difficulties among learners. Such as attention and perception, which is a component of intelligence is affected by the level of mental development in the individual. Therefore, the current research goal to identify : 1. The level of cognitive prejudices among fifth graders.2. The level of memory disturbance among fifth graders.3. Differences of statistical significance in the cognitive biases according to variables (sex - specialization).4. The statistical significance of the memory disorder, which is based on variables (sex - specialization).5. The correlation between cognitive and memory disorders in the fifth grade.To achieve these goals, a measure of cognitive biases was adopted and a test of working memory was established based on previous research and measures. After checking the cycometric characteristics of the two measurements, they were applied to a sample of (400) male and female secondary school students in the center of Babil governorate who were selected by random class method.After the statistical data collection and processing using Pearson correlation coefficients, coefficient - point - BY - Cyrillic correlation, kay - test box, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and test (V), coefficient of differentiation, Keoder - Richardson equation, alpha - Cronbach equation, The following conclusions were reached : 1 - In general, students have cognitive biases. Students have weak working memory and all areas.23 - There are statistically significant differences in cognitive biases according to sex variable and for females and there are no statistically significant differences in specialization variable4 - There are statistically significant differences in the working memory disorder (verbal and operational) according to the gender variable and for the benefit of males and there are no differences of statistical significance according to variable specialization.The relationship between the two variables is weak - 5The researcher made a number of recommendations, the most important of which are the following : 1 - Pay attention to the subject of cognitive biases and make them an integral part of the home, school and community culture in order to help students to promote the best educational peace worthy of their abilities and potential that God Almighty gave them.2 - Attention to the subject of cognitive biases and integration into the vocabulary of cognitive psychology and training on how to use tests and measurements.3 - Introduce the development of memory skills within the curriculum in the form of stories or pictures and exercises that the student applies practically in the secondary stags4. Opening to develop working memory skills of middle school students to reach an advanced stage of recall in order to keep abreast of curriculum development in developed countries.The researcher presented a number of proposals, the 1 Application of the working memory disorder test prepared by the researcher to students with learning disabilities and who suffer from attention deficit disorder and normal to measure the level of memory disorder.2. Conducting a study in the field of cognitive biases to determine the factors affecting bias at the intermediate or secondary level.3. Conducting training courses and training programs for teachers on how to use and teach the measures of students' cognitive biases and how to use them in practical life.4. Comparison of the cognitive prejudices between the students of the urban society and the rural society in Iraq on the basis that cognitive prejudices are affected by the different cultural environmentaffected by the different cultural environment

الدرجة الحقيقية لاختبار واطسون - جليسر للتفكير الناقد باستخدام النظرية التقليدية والنظرية الحديثة في القياس لدى طلبة الجامعة == The real score Watson - Glaser critical thinking test using the classical theory and modren theory of measurement of student university

Author name: حسين موسى عبد الجبوري

Supervisor name: حسين ربيع حمادي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى اعداد اختبار واطسون - جليسر للتفكير الناقد على وفق نظرية القياس التقليدية ونظرية السمات الكامنة وحساب الدرجة الحقيقية للاختبار باستعمال معادلات الدرجات الحقيقية للنظريتين، ولتحقيق هذه الاهداف قام الباحث بالخطوات العلمية المناسبة، معتمدا على صورة اختبار واطسون - جليسر للتفكير الناقد الاصلية التي اعدها Watson & Glaser , 2014) ) بعد ان ترجم الى اللغة العربية وتكييفه للبيئة العراقية،عرضت تعليمات الاختبار وفقراته على مجموعة من المحكمين المتخصصين في القياس النفسي والتربوي؛ لبيان مدى صلاحية كل فقرة في قياس ما اعدت لقياسه، وحصل على موافقة المحكمين بنسبة 100% على مجالات الاختبار وفقراته ، وعدت صالحة لقياس التفكير الناقد، طبق الباحث الاختبار بصيغته النهائية على عينة مكونة من (400) من طلبة جامعة بابل اختيرت بالاسلوب الطبقي العشوائي المتناسب، واعتمد الباحث في تحليل فقرات الاختبار وحساب الدرجة الحقيقية الخطوات اللازم اتباعهوافق النظرية التقليدية للقياس وانموذج راش احد نماذج نظرية السمات الكامنة الذي اتخذ انموذجا لتحليل الفقرات وتم التوصل الى : 1 - طرق تكييف وتطوير الاختبار وفقا لنظرية السمات الكامنة هي الاكثر موضوعية من خطوات نظرية القياس التقليدية لكونها تتعامل بياناتها مع فقرات الاختبار باحتساب قدرة الافراد وصعوبة الفقرات وهذا يدل على استقلالية القياس بما يحقق موضوعية القياس كما تمثل بانموذج راش .2 - الدرجة الحقيقية المحسوبة وفقا لمعادلة انموذج راش كانت الاكثر دقة ووضوح من الدرجة الحقيقية المحسوبة وفق المعادلة التقليدية.وفي ضوء النتائج تم التوصل الى صياغة عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات. | The present study aimed to prepare the Watson - Glaser test for critical thinking based on the traditional measurement theory and the theory of the inherent characteristics and the calculation of the real degree of the test using the true degrees of the two equations. To achieve these objectives, the researcher undertook the appropriate scientific steps, based on the original( Watson - Watson & Glaser, 2014) After being translated into Arabic and adapted to the Iraqi environment, the test instructions and paragraphs were presented to a group of arbitrators specialized in psychological and educational measurement; to demonstrate the validity of each paragraph in measuring what was prepared for measurement, and Obtain the 100% approval of the arbitrators on the test areas and paragraphs, The researcher applied the test in its final form to a sample of (400) students of the University of Babylon chosen by the random class proportional method, and the researcher adopted the analysis of the test paragraphs and the calculation of the real degree steps necessary to follow the traditional theory of measurement and Rush model Sun The theory of latent personality models which I took as a model for analyzing paragraphs was reached : 1. The steps of preparing the test according to the theory of the underlying characteristics are the most objective of the steps of the traditional measurement theory because they deal with the test paragraphs by calculating the ability of individuals and the difficulty of the paragraphs and this indicates the independence of measurement to achieve the objectivity of measurement as represented by Rush model.2 - The real degree calculated according to the formula model Rush was the most accurate and clear of the real degree calculated according to the traditional equation.In the light of the results, a number of recommendations and proposals were formulated

اثر اسلوب اعادة البناء المعرفي في خفض الوساوس القهرية لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية == The Effect of Re - Construction Style on Reeducating Obsessives Compulsive of Preparatory Females Students

Author name: سارة صباح هادي

Supervisor name: نشعة كريم عذاب اللامي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: عد الاضطرابات النفسية من المشكلات التي يجب الاسراع بايجاد حلول واساليب علاجية مناسبة لها للتقليل منهواذلك لشيوعهواانتشارها بين الافراد ومن هذه الاضطرابات الوساوس القهرية التي من الممكن ان تجعل الفرد عاجزا عن اكمال مسيرته الحياتية وتؤثر عليه من الجوانب كلها، ومن هنا برزت الحاجة الى استعمال الفنيات الارشادية لاسلوب اعادة البناء المعرفي وفق النظرية المعرفية لـــ(بيك) Beck في خفض الوساوس القهرية.استهدف البحث الحالي : 1 - اثر اسلوب اعادة البناء المعرفي في خفض الوساوس القهرية لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف ستتحقق الباحثة من اختبار الفرضيات الصفرية الاتية : • لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسط درجات افراد المجموعة التجريبية في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي على مقياس الوساوس القهرية لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية.• لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسط درجات افراد المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي على مقياس الوساوس القهرية لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية.• لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسط درجات افراد المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار البعدي على مقياس الوساوس القهرية لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية.2 - حجم الاثر الذي يحدثه المتغير المستقل (اسلوب اعادة البناء المعرفي) في المتغير التابع (الوساوس القهرية) لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية.وبرزت مشكلة البحث عن طريق الاجابة على التساؤل الاتي : ــــــــــ هل هناك اثر لاسلوب اعادة البناء المعرفي في خفض الوساوس القهرية لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية؟ ولغرض اختبار فرضيات البحث استعملت الباحثة التصميم التجريبي (تصميم المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة ذات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي) اذ تكونت عينة البحث من(18) طالبة من طالبات اعدادية ام البنين من اللواتي حصلن على درجات اعلى من المتوسط الفرضي في مقياس الوساوس القهرية الذي قامت الباحثة ببناؤه في ضوء الادبيات والدراسات السابقة، وقامت الباحثة ببناء اداتين الاولى هي مقياس للوساوس القهرية بالاعتماد على تعريف الــــDSM - V)) في بناءه، وتكون المقياس من (31) فقرة موزعة على اربع مجالات (وساوس التحقق القهرية، التلوث، ضعف السيطرة على الافكار الوسواسية، القلق من ضعف السيطرة على الافعال القهرية) واستخراج الصدق الظاهري وصدق البناء والثبات بطريقة اعادة الاختبار ومعادلة (الفا - كرونباخ) للمقياس، والثانية هي بناء الاسلوب الارشادي وفق الخطوات التالية : (تحديد عنوان الجلسة، تحديد الاهداف، تحديد الانشطة والفعاليات المستخدمة، تقويم الاسلوب). تكون الاسلوب الارشادي من (13) جلسة وحددت مواضيع الجلسات في ضوء مجالات مقياس الوساوس القهرية وكانت مدة كل جلسة (45) دقيقة، ولكل جلسة اهداف خاصة بهوااهداف سلوكية وفنيات ارشادية وفق اسلوب اعادة البناء المعرفي بواقع جلستين اسبوعيا، وتم التحقق من صدق الاسلوب بعد عرضه على مجموعة من الخبراء والمختصين بمجال الارشاد النفسي والتوجيه التربوي، اما الوسائل الاحصائية التي استعملت في البحث فكانت (الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين، معامل ارتباط بيرسون، اختبار مان - وتني، اختبار كولمجروف - سميرنوف، اختبار ولكوكسن، معادلة الفا - كرونباخ، معادلة حجم الاثر). وتوصلت الباحثة الى مجموعة من النتائج منها : - وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات الافراد في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي للمجموعة التجريبية على مقياس الوساوس القهرية بعد تطبيق الاسلوب الارشادي وهذا الفرق لصالح الاختبار البعدي. - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات الافراد في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي للمجموعة الضابطة على مقياس الوساوس القهرية، وهذا مؤشر على ان المجموعة الضابطة لم تتاثر وتم ضبط المتغيرات لعدم تعرضها للاسلوب الارشادي. - وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات افراد المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار البعدي على مقياس الوساوس القهرية بعد تطبيق الاسلوب الارشادي. - كما اثبت الاسلوب الارشادي اعادة البناء المعرفي ان له تاثير كبير في خفض الوساوس القهرية، اذ بلغ حجم الاثر 0،82 وهي قيمة كبيرة جدا مقارنة بالقيمة التي اشار اليها كوهين Cohen.وقدمت الباحثة عددا من التوصيات والمقترحات : التوصيات 1 - تدريب المرشدين والمرشدات على استعمال اسلوب اعادة البناء المعرفي وفنياته من قبل قسم الارشاد التربوي في مديرية التعليم العام.2 - توظيف اداة قياس الوساوس القهرية التي اعدتها الباحثة للكشف عن اللاتي يعانين من الوساوس القهرية من طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية من قبل المرشدين التربويين.3 - اعمام تطبيق الاسلوب الذي اعتمده البحث الحالي على المرشدين التربويين لخفض الوساوس القهرية لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية من قبل قسم الارشاد التربوي في مديرية التعليم العام.4 - تطبيق الاساليب الارشادية الحديثة بشكل عملي رصين لمعالجة المشكلات النفسية والاكاديمية والاجتماعية التي يعاني منها الطلبة في المدارس العراقية من قبل المرشدين التربويين.5 - اقامة دورات تدريبية باشراف مختصين في المجال النفسي للتدريب على الاساليب المعرفية والسلوكية لمساعدة الذين يعانون من الوساوس القهرية والاضطرابات النفسية.6 - اعداد جلسات ارشادية من قبل المختصين بالارشاد النفسي والتوجيه التربوي لتدريب المسترشدين على ملاحظة افكارهم وسلوكهم ومقارنتها مع الافكار والسلوكيات الصحيحة قبل التصرف في المدارس الاعدادية.المقترحات استكمالا للبحث الحالي تقترح الباحثة اجراء الدراسات والبحوث الاتية : 1 - دراسة على طلاب المرحلة الاعدادية من الذكور ومقارنة نتائجها مع نتائج البحث الحالي.2 - دراسة مماثلة باستخدام اسلوبين ارشاديين معرفيين اخرين لخفض الوساوس القهرية.3 - اجراء دراسة لمعرفة اثر اسلوب اعادة البناء المعرفي في خفض متغيرات اخرى كاضطراب الشخصية الانهزامية، القلق، الاكتئاب. | Psychological disorders are problems that must be speeded up to find solutions and methods of treatment appropriate to reduce them for the prevalence and spread of individuals and these obsessive compulsive disorders that can make the individual unable to complete his life and affect it from all sides, hence the need to use techniques The guidance of the method of cognitive reconstruction in accordance with the cognitive theory of (Beck) in the reduction of obsessive compulsive.Aims current search : 1 - The impact of the method of cognitive reconstruction in the reduction of obsessive compulsive students in the preparatory stage.To achieve this goal, the researcher will achieve the following zero hypotheses : • There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0,05) between the average scores of the experimental group members in the tribal and post - test on the compulsory obsessive - compulsive scale of the middle school students.• There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0,05) between the average score of the control group in the tribal and post - test on the compulsory obsessive - compulsive measure of the middle school students.• There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group and the control group in the post - test on the coercive osmotic scale in the middle school students.2. The effect of the independent variable (cognitive reconstruction method) in the dependent variable (obsessive compulsive) among the students in the preparatory stage.2 - Identify the extent of the effect of the independent variable (cognitive reconstruction method) in the dependent variable (obsessive compulsive) in the middle school students.The problem of research emerged by answering the following question : - Is there an impact of the method of cognitive reconstruction in the reduction of obsessive compulsive students in middle school?For the purpose of testing the hypotheses of the research, the researcher used the experimental design (design of the experimental group and the control group) as the sample of the research consisted of (18) female students of middle school or boys who obtained higher than the average mean in the measure of obsessive compulsive, which the researcher built in the light of literature and studies The researcher has constructed two tools : the first is a measure of the obsessive tentacles based on the definition of the DSM - V in its construction, the measure of (31) divided into four areas (the method of verification of coercion, pollution, Weak control over obsessive thoughts , Anxiety of weak control of compulsive acts) and extraction of virtual honesty and sincerity construction and stability in a way and re - testing of the alpha Cronbach equation scale, and the second is to build a beacon method according to the following steps : (specify the title of the meeting, setting goals, identifying activities and events used, calendar method).The duration of each session was (45) minutes, each session had its own objectives, behavioral objectives and instructional techniques according to the method of cognitive reconstruction, with two sessions per week. The method was approved after presenting it to a group of experts and specialists in the field of psychological guidance and educational guidance. The statistical methods used in the research were (the test of two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Mann - Witney test, the Kollmegroff - Smirnov test, The magnitude equation effect).The researcher reached a number of results, including : The researcher reached a number of results, including : - There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of individuals in the tribal and post - experimental tests of the experimental group on the measure of obsessive compulsive after application of the guidance method and this difference in favor of the post - test. - - There were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of individuals in the tribal and remote tests of the control group on the coercive osmotic scale. This indicates that the control group was not affected and the variables were adjusted for not being subjected to the extension method. - There were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group and the control group in the post - test on the force - free osmotic scale after applying the guidance method. - The extension method of cognitive construction proved to have a significant impact on the reduction of obsessive force. The magnitude of the effect was 0.82, which is a very large value compared to the value referred to by Cohen.The researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions : Recommendations1 - Train mentors and guides on the use of cognitive reconstruction and techniques by the Directorate of Educational Guidance in the Ministry of Education.2 - employing the instrument of measuring obsessive compulsive prepared by the researcher to identify the victims of obsessive compulsive students of the preparatory stage by educational counselors.3 - generalization of the application of the method adopted by the current research on educational counselors to reduce obsessive compulsive students in the preparatory stage by the Directorate of Educational Guidance in the Ministry of Education.4 - applying modern guidance methods in a practical way to address the psychological problems, academic and social problems suffered by students in Iraqi schools by educational counselors.5 - The establishment of training courses under the supervision of specialists in the field of psychological training in cognitive and behavioral methods to help those suffering from obsessive compulsive and mental disorders.6 - Preparation of guidance sessions by specialists in psychological guidance and guidance to train teachers to observe their ideas and behavior and compare with the correct ideas and behaviors before the disposal of middle schools.suggestion To complement the current research, the researcher proposes the following studies and researches : 1 - A study on male middle school students and comparing their results with the current research results.2 - A similar study using two other instructional methods to reduce obsessive compulsive.3 - Conduct a study to know the impact of the method of cognitive reconstruction in reducing other variables such as personality disorder, defeatism, anxiety, depression

استراتيجيات ما وراء المعرفة وعلاقتها بالتفكير التقاربي والتباعدي لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية == Strategies Of Meta Cognition and Their Relationship With Convergent and Divergent Thinking For Preparatory Stage Female Students

Author name: حميد صالح احمد الحديدي

Supervisor name: يوسف حنا ابراهيم

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Basic Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Mosul

First pages:

Abstract: يشهد العالم ثورة معلوماتية وتكنولوجية هائلة وهذه الثورة مستمرة ويزداد تاثيرها يوما بعد يوم في مختلف جوانب الحياة ونتيجة لهذه الثورة تسعى الامم جاهدة لمواكبة هذا التطور في بناء مجتمعاتهوالكي تكون تلك الامم قادرة على مواكبة هذا التطور في بناء مجتمعاتها فعليها اعداد جيل واع ومتعلم ومثقف ومنظم الذي يعد اساس التنمية بمجالاتها كافة وبناء على ذلك فقد اصبحت التربية امام مسؤوليات جديدة في اعداد وتربية الجيل الجديد في كل جوانب حياتهم (الجسمية والعقلية والمعرفية والانفعالية والاجتماعية) سيمواان المرحلة الاعدادية جزء من النظام التعليمي والتي هي من اهم مراحل التعليم كونها منعطف مهم في حياة الفرد وتعد من اكثر مراحل التعليم حساسية لارتباطها بمرحلة عمرية حرجة هي مرحلة المراهقة. ان الاتجاه التقليدي في التعليم يجعل من عقول الطلبة مخازن تعبا فيها المعلومات لكي يتذكروها عند الحاجة بينما يعنى الاتجاه الحديث بالتنمية الكاملة للطلبة من خلال تحسين التفكير لديهم وبكل مستوياته ليكونوا موجهين ذاتيا ومشاركين بدور نشط وفعال في عملية التعلم ويتم ذلك من خلال امتلاكهم القدرات العقلية التي تتيح لهم كيف يفكروواكيف يدركوا طريقة تفكيرهم ويتحملوا مسوؤلية السيطرة عليهواالتحكم بها اثناء عملية التعلم مما يؤدي الى بناء متعلم مفكر وليس متلق للمعرفة فقط، وهذا ما يطلق عليه (استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة) ومن هنا جاء البحث الحالي ليحقق الاهداف الاتية : 1 - قياس استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية 2 - قياس التفكير التقاربي لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية. 3 - قياس التفكير التباعدي لدى طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية. 4 - التعرف على العلاقة بين استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة والتفكير التقاربي . 5 - التعرف على العلاقة بين استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة والتفكير التباعدي. 6 - التعرف على الفروق في العلاقة بين استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة والتفكير التقاربي وفقا لمتغير الفرع (علمي، ادبي). 7 - التعرف على الفروق في العلاقة بين استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة والتفكير التباعدي وفقا لمتغير الفرع (علمي، ادبي). وقد اختيرت عينة تناسبية عشوائية بلغت (600) طالبة من طالبات الصف الخامس الاعدادي وللفرعين (علمي، ادبي) موزعات على (7) مدارس ثانوية واعدادية (3) من الساحل الايمن و(4) من الساحل الايسر للعام الدراسي (2009 - 2010) واعتمد الباحث على ثلاث ادوات هي : مقياس استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة الذي اعدته افراح ابراهيم سعيد صالح (2007). واختبار التفكير التقاربي من اعداد الباحث واختبار التفكير التباعدي الذي اعدته صنعاء يعقوب التميمي (1996) واستخدمه الدليمي (2001). وقد تم التحقق من الصدق الظاهري للادوات الثلاث من خلال عرضها على مجموعة من الخبراء المختصين في العلوم التربوية والنفسية وكذلك تم التحقق من صدق البناء وحساب القوة التمييزية لفقرات ادوات البحث الثلاثة كما تم حساب درجة الصعوبة لفقرات اختباري التفكير التقاربي والتباعدي. وكذلك تم حساب معامل الثبات لمقياس استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة بطريقة اعادة الاختبار وطريقة الاتساق الداخلي اما اختباري التفكير التقاربي والتباعدي فتم ايجاد معامل الثبات بطريقة اعادة الاختبار فقط. وقد عولجت البيانات احصائيا باستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) واظهرت النتائج ما ياتي : 1 - ان طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية يمتلكن استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة. 2 - ان طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية يمتلكن قدرات التفكير التقاربي. 3 - ان طالبات المرحلة الاعدادية يمتلكن قدرات التفكير التباعدي. 4 - وجود علاقة ارتباطية ايجابية بين استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة والتفكير التقاربي. 5 - وجود علاقة ارتباطية سلبية بين استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة والتفكير التباعدي. 6 - وجود فروق في العلاقة بين استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة والتفكير التقاربي وفقا لمتغير الفرع (علمي، ادبي) ولصالح العلمي. 7 - وجود فروق في العلاقة بين استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة والتفكير التباعدي وفقا لمتغير الفرع (علمي، ادبي) ولصالح العلمي.وفي ضوء هذه النتائج قدم الباحث بعض التوصيات والمقترحات منها : - العمل على تطبيق برامج ارشادية داخل الصفوف تؤدي الى تعزيز وعي الطالبات لعملياتهن العقلية في عملية التعلم. - اجراء دراسة مماثلة للتعرف على علاقة استراتيجيات مواراء المعرفة بمتغيرات اخرى لم يتناولها البحث الحالي (كالذكاء والتحصيل والتفكير الناقد والتفكير التاملي | The world is witnessing a great informatics and technological revolution, and this revolution is in continuous and its influence is increasing day after day in the different life sides, and as a result of this revolution, the nations try diligently to go along with this development in building their communities, and to be able to do that they have to prepare an educated, conscious and organized generation which is considered the base of development with all its sides, and according to this, education became in front of new responsibilities in preparing and educating the new generation with all their (body, mental, intellectual, emotional and social) life sides, especially that the preparatory stage is a part of the educational system which is considered one of the most important education stages for being a turning point in the individual's life, and is considered a sensitive stage for its relation with a critical age stage, which is adolescence.The traditional direction of education makes the students as stores for saving information so that to remember them in need, while the modern direction deals with the complete development of students through improving their thinking with all its levels to be self directed and participate actively in education process through having the mental abilities which help them how to think and how to realize their thinking way, and to take the responsibility of controlling them during the education process, and that is lead to build an educated and thinking person, not a knowledge receiver and that is called (strategies of meta cognition). So, the current research aims at : 1. Measuring strategies of meta cognition for the preparatory school female students. 2. Measuring the convergent thinking for the preparatory school female students. 3. Measuring the divergent thinking for the preparatory school female students. 4. Investigating the relationship between strategies of meta cognition and the convergent thinking.5. Investigating the relationship between strategies of meta cognition and the divergent thinking.6. Investigating the differences in the relationship between strategies of meta cognition and the convergent thinking according to the variable : specialization (scientific - literary).7. Investigating the differences in the relationship between strategies of meta cognition and the divergent thinking according to the variable : specialization (scientific - literary).A random proportional sample consisted of (600) female students from the fifth class was selected, for both specializations (scientific - literary) distributed on (7) secondary and preparatory schools (3) in the right side and (4) in the left side the researcher chose three tools : strategies of meta cognition which is prepared by (Afrah Ibraheem Saeed Salih (2007), convergent thinking test prepared by the researcher and divergent thinking test prepared by San'a Yaqoub Al - Tamemi (1996) and it was used by Al - Doliemi (2001). The three tools validity has been proved by displaying them on a number of specialized trustees and experts. Also, the construction validity of the three tools has been proved besides the discriminative strength of the items. Also the reliability coefficient of the strategies of meta cognition by retesting method and the internal consistency, while the two convergent and divergent thinking tests, their reliability coefficient were found by retesting only. The results were treated statistically by using the statistical package of the social sciences (SPSS), and they were as follows : 1. Preparatory female students have strategies of meta cognition.2. Preparatory female students have convergent thinking abilities.3. Preparatory female students have divergent thinking abilities.4. There is a relative positive relationship between strategies of meta cognition and convergent thinking.5. There is a relative negative relationship between strategies of meta cognition and divergent thinking.6. There are differences in the relationship between strategies of meta cognition and the convergent thinking according to the variable : specialization (scientific - literary) in favor of scientific.7. There are differences in the relationship between strategies of meta cognition and the divergent thinking according to the variable : specialization (scientific - literary) in favor of scientific. In the light of these results, the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions

اثر برنامج تربوي في تخفيف التمرد النفسي لدى المراهقين == THE EFFECT OF AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM IN LESSENING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE AMONG THE ADOLESCENT STUDENTS

Author name: خلود بشير عبد الاحد

Supervisor name: فاتح ابلحد فتوحي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Mosul

First pages:

Abstract: تعد مرحلة المراهقة من اهم مراحل النمو في حياة الانسان ففيها تتبلور شخصية الفرد ومفهومه عن ذاته ونضجه الانفعالي والفكري ونتيجة التغيرات السريعة التي يشهدها المجتمع العربي في مجالات الحياة المختلفة، هذه التغيرات التي ادت الى تغير في القيم والمعتقدات مما دعا المراهقين الى استحداث قيم جديدة تدعو الى الحرية الفردية والمتعة ووجد المراهقون لانفسهم الحق في رفض هذه القيم والاعراف مما ادى بهم الى الثورة والتمرد.فالتمرد هو العصيان وعدم الاذعان لمطالب الكبار فيعتقد المراهق بضرورة رفضهم السلطة الوالدية فيبدا التمرد لديهم على كل الطلبات وعلى جميع القوانين واللوائح ويرفضون الالتزام بنماذج السلوك المقبول وبسبب ما يحدثه التمرد من مخاطر على حياة المراهقين والتي قد تتمثل بالاكتئاب او القلق والاغتراب والشعور بالذنب الذي يقود الى الافكار الخاطئة عن الاخرين والتعبيرات العاطفية المبالغ فيها، وبما ان البحث الحالي يتناول شريحة مهمة من شرائح المجتمع وجانب مهم من جوانب حياة المراهقين والتي يبدو فيها المراهق سريع الغضب ومتمردواقد يعجز عن حل مشكلاته فقد هدف البحث الى : 1. بناء برنامج تربوي لتخفيف التمرد النفسي لدى المراهقين.2. التعرف على اثر البرنامج التربوي في تخفيف التمرد النفسي لدى المراهقين. 3. معرفة اثر البرنامج التربوي على تخفيف التمرد النفسي لدى الذكور.4. معرفة اثر البرنامج التربوي على تخفيف التمرد النفسي لدى الاناث.5. معرفة دلالة الفرق لاثر البرنامج التربوي في تخفيف التمرد النفسي تبعا لمتغير الجنس.وقد شمل البحث طلبة معهدي الفنون الجميلة لكلا الجنسين في محافظة نينوى للعام الدراسي (2004/2005) وقد تم اختيار قسمي الرسم والتشكيلي للمرحلة الثالثة عينات تجريبية واختيار اقسام الخط بصورة مقصودة في كلا المعهدين عينات ضابطة.وتكونت عينة البحث من (78) طالبا وطالبة بواقع (40) طالبا وطالبة للمجموعات التجريبية و(38) طالب وطالبة للمجموعات الضابطة، وتم اجراء التكافؤ بين مجموعات البحث احصائيا في المتغيرات ذات العلاقة وهي (مستوى الذكاء، ترتيب الطالب في الاسرة، مستوى تحصيل الوالدين، العمر الزمني للطالب)، واستخدم تصميم المجموعات الضابطة ذات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي اذ يمكن ضبط العوامل المؤثرة في التجربة والسيطرة عليها قدر الامكان باستثناء المتغير المستقل وهو البرنامج التربوي .اما ادوات البحث فقد اعتمد البحث على المقياس المعد من قبل اللامي (2001) وعرض على مجموعة من الخبراء المختصين في التربية وعلم النفس لمعرفة مدى صلاحيته لموضوع البحث وبناء على ارائهم تم حذف عدد من الفقرات لانها حصلت على نسبة موافقة اقل من المعيار المقبول واستخرج معامل صدق البناء من خلال القوة التمييزية للفقرات وعلاقة درجة الفقرة بالدرجة الكلية وبلغ معامل ثبات المقياس (0.84) بطريقة اعادة الاختبار .اما الاداة الثانية فكانت البرنامج التربوي الذي استهدف تخفيف التمرد النفسي، وتكون البرنامج من جزاين ، تضمن الجزء الاول اعداد القصص والاسئلة الملحقة بهواالمناقشات الموجهة لتخفيف التمرد النفسي ، اما الجزء الثاني فقد تضمن اعداد مشاهد افلام مع الاسئلة والمناقشات الموجهة لتخفيف التمرد النفسي ، تكون البرنامج من (14) جلسة ، (8) جلسات عبارة عن قصص و(6) جلسات عبارة عن مشاهد الافلام وحصل البرنامج بجزايه على موافقة الخبراء والمختصين في مجال التربية وعلم النفس كما عرض البرنامج القصصي على عدد من خبراء اللغة والادب لمعرفة صلاحية وارتباط القصة مع الفقرة التي بنيت في ضوئها ، وتم تطبيق البرنامج على المجموعتين التجريبيتين في الفصل الاول من العام الدراسي (2004/2005).بعد الانتهاء من تطبيق البرنامج التربوي تم قياس التمرد النفسي لغرض التحقق من صحة فرضيات البحث، وعولجت البيانات باستخدام تحليل التباين للاختبار البعدي لمجاميع البحث واختبار (شيفه) لمعرفة دلالة الفروق بين المجموعات وقد اظهرت النتائج فاعلية البرنامج التربوي المستخدم في تخفيف التمرد النفسي لدى عينة البحث وتفوقت المجموعة التجريبية (ذكور) على المجموعة الضابطة (ذكور) وذلك بدليل انخفاض متوسط المجموعة التجريبية ، كما اظهرت نتائج الاختبار تفوق المجموعة التجريبية (اناث) على المجموعة الضابطة (اناث) ولم تظهر اي فروق دالة بين المجموعتين التجريبيتين وفقا لمتغير الجنس ، وبهذا قبلت الفرضية الصفرية بانه لا توجد فروق بين المجموعة التجريبية ذكور والمجموعة التجريبية اناث اي ان تاثير البرنامج كان متساو للمجموعتين .وفي ضوء نتائج البحث ، تم صياغة مجموعة من التوصيات للاستفادة من البرنامج التربوي المعد في الدراسة الحالية ، كما اقترحت الباحثة اجراء دراسة لمعرفة اثر البرنامج التربوي المعد في هذه الدراسة لتخفيف التمرد النفسي على مراحل دراسية اخرى وتطبيق البرنامج بجزايه كل على حدة لمعرفة ايهما اكثر تاثيرا في تخفيف التمرد النفسي لدى المراهقين . | Adolescent is one of the most important stages of development in man’s life. In this stage the individual’s personality, his self - concept, and intellectual emotive maturation are crystallized. Due to the rapid changes witnessed by the Arabic society in the different fields of life. These changes that led to the change of values and thinking. The adolescent renewed new values that called for the individual freedom and pleasure, and they licensed themselves. The rejection of these values and customs that consequently led them to rebel and reactance. Reactance is the disobedience and indifference to the demands of the grown - ups. The adolescent believes in the necessity of the rejection of parental authority. They start reacting against all demands/requests, rules and lows. They refuse to follow the manners of the appropriate behaviour. Reactance has risks that endanger the adolescent lives, which might be represented in depression or anxiety or alienation and guilt - feeling. This refusal leads to the wrong thoughts about the others and the exaggerative emotional changes. So long, this research tackles an important slice of society, and an important side of the life of adolescent in which the adolescent appears furious, disobedient, and unable to solve his problems, the research aimed at : 1. Establishing an educational programme to lessen the psychological reactance among the adolescent. 2. Acquainting to the effect of the educational programme on lessening the psychological reactance among the individuals of the sample.3. Knowing the effect of the educational programme on the lessening of the psychological reactance among the male. 4. Knowing the effect of the educational programme on the lessening of the psychological reactance among the female. 5. Knowing the signification of the difference of the effect of the educational programme on the lessening of the psychological reactance according to gender variable. The research included the students of the two fine arts institutions in Mosul, 2004 - 2005 study year. The third year students of the departments of drawing and painting have been randomly examined as experiment samples. The inscription has been intentionally examined / tested in both institutions as control samples. Th sample of the research consisted of 78 students : 40 students for the experiment series, and 38 ones for the control one. Equivalence among the series was statistically made in the variables concerned : (intelligence levels, the arrangement of the student in the family, the scientific level of the parents, and the student’s age). The scheme of the control series that had a before test and an after one was used; the effective factors in the experiment can be restrained and controlled as far as possible except the independent variable, the educational programme. As for the instruments of the research, the research depended on AL - Lami scale (2001) and was exposed to a group of experts in education and psychology so as to know the extent of its fitness to then subject of the research. Depending on the opinions of the experts, a number of items was dropped, because they received a lower percentage of approval, and for the purpose of the statistical analysis of the items of the scale, and detecting, and detecting the correlation of the validity of construction by means of the discriminative force of the items and the relationship of the item degree to the total one. The correlation of the consistency of the scale was (84%) by means of re - testing. As for the second instrument, it was the educational programme that aimed at refining the behaviour and lessening the psychological reactance. The programme that consisted n two parts was prepared. The first part included the preparation of stories, their supplementary questions and the discussions that were oriented to lessen the psychological reactance. As for the second part, film scenes, and questions and discussions oriented to lessen the psychological reactance prepared. The programme consisted in 14 sessions : 8 sessions as stories and 6 sessions as film scenes. In its two parts the programme was approved by experts and specialists in the fields of education, and psychology. The programme also exposed to a number of experts in language and literature the stories to know the validity and the relevance of the story to the item in whose light it was constructed. It was applied to the to empirical series in the first semester, 2004 - 2005 study year.After the finishing of the application of the educational programme, the psychological reactance was measured so as to investigate the validity of the hypotheses of the research. Data were processed by means of the analysis of divergence of the after - test of the research series. The researcher chose Chevet to know the signification of differences among the series. The results showed the effectiveness of the educational programme used in the lessening of the psychological reactance among the students of the sample of the research by means of Scheffe test that showed the superiority of the experiment series (the male one) to the control one (the male one) on the evidence of the decline of the average of the experiment series. The results of the test also showed the superiority of the experiment series (the female one) to the control series (the female one). As for the knowing of the signification of differences between the two experiment series according to gender variable, the test results did not show any differences between the series (the male series and the female one). Zero hypothesis took into, granted that there are no differences between the experiment series (the male one) and the other experiment one (the female one), i. e. the impact of the programme was equal with regard to the two series. In the light of the results of the research, a group of recommendations was formed so as to make use of the educational programme prepared in this study. The researcher suggested administering a study so as to know the effect of the educational programme prepared in this study to lessen the psychological reactance in other stages of study, and apply the programme in its two parts in which each part was applied separately so as to know which part is more effective in lessening the psychological reactance among the adolescent.

اثر برنامج ارشادي معرفي في خفض قلق الموت لدى عينة من المسنين المصابين بتوهم المرض == The effect of counseling program Gognative in reduced Death Anxiety with Sample of the elderly Infected Disease illusion

Author name: عباس اسامه صالح

Supervisor name: نشعة كريم عذاب اللامي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يعد القلق مشكلة رئيسية لدى المسنين بصورة عامة وقلق الموت بصورة خاصة، اذ تتخلل مرحلة المسنين بعض المشكلات ترتبط بطبيعة المرحلة او تطرا على المسن وفي هذه المرحلة يتجمع تراكميا مالم يحل من مشكلات الشباب والرشد وحتى الطفولة، وتصاحب هذه المرحلة بعض المشكلات المرتبطة بالتشاؤم والتوتر والاحساس بقرب النهاية والقلق منها على ما تبقى من العمر والقلق من الموت وقد يلاحظ توهم المرض وتركيز الاهتمام على الصحة، وقد يزداد قلق الموت بسبب عدم فهم المسن لهذه المرحلة العمرية من الحياة، مع انه من الممكن تجنب هذه الحالة من القلق من خلال تقديم الخدمات الارشادية المتكاملة للمسنين ببرامج ارشادية مبنية على اسس علمية واحتياجات المسنين، لذا جاء هذا البحث لمعرفة اثر برنامج ارشادي معرفي في خفض قلق الموت لدى عينة من المسنين المصابين بتوهم المرض. استهدف البحث ماياتي : 1. التعرف على اثر برنامج ارشادي معرفي في خفض قلق الموت لدى عينة من المسنين المصابين بتوهم المرض. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اشتقت الفرضيات الصفرية الاتية : ا - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0،05) بين متوسطي درجات افراد المجموعة التجريبية على مقياس قلق الموت في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي. ب‌ - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0،05) بين متوسطي درجات افراد المجموعة الضابطة على مقياس قلق الموت في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي.ت‌ - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0،05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة على مقياس قلق الموت في الاختبار البعدي.ث‌ - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0،05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية على مقياس قلق الموت في الاختبار البعدي تعزى الى متغير النوع.2. التعرف على حجم اثر البرنامج الارشادي في خفض قلق الموت لدى المسنين المصابين بتوهم المرض ولغرض اختبار الفرضيات استعمل الباحث التصميم التجريبي (المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة)، اذ تكونت عينة البحث من (20) مسن مصاب بتوهم المرض (ذكور واناث) الذين حصلوا على درجات اعلى في المتوسط الفرضي على مقياس توهم المرض ومقياس قلق الموت، وزعوا بطريقة عشوائية الى مجموعتين احدهما تجريبية والاخرى ضابطه، فقد قام الباحث بتكافؤ المجموعتين بعدة متغيرات هي التوهم المرضي، وقلق الموت، والتوافق النفسي، والعمر الزمني، والتحصيل الدراسي. فقد قام الباحث ببناء ثلاثة ادوات في بحثه وفق المنظور المعرفي، وهي الاول مقياس توهم المرض بلغت عدد فقراته (50) فقرة موزعة على خمس مجالات هي (الاعتقاد في الاصابة بمرض جسمي، والانشغال الشديد بالاعراض الجسمية، ومخاوف الاصابة بمرض ما، ومشاعر النقص والشك في الذات، واعاقة اتصال الفرد مع الاخرين) ، والثاني مقياس قلق الموت بلغت عدد فقراته (50) فقرة موزعة ايضا على خمس مجالات وهي (الشعور بالضيق والتدهور الصحي، والنظرة السلبية للمستقبل، والتفكير المستمر بالموت، والخوف من الموت). ومن ثم استخراج الصدق الظاهري وصدق البناء والثبات بطريقتين اعادة الاختبار ومعادلة الفا كرونباخ، والثالثة البرنامج الارشادي تم بناءه على وفق انموذج بوردرز ودراري وتضمن الخطوات الاتية، تحديد الاحتياجات، وضع الاهداف، تحديد الاولويات، واختيار وتنفيذ الانشطة، وتقويم وتقدير مدى كفاءة البرنامج. تكون البرنامج الارشادي من (15) جلسة ارشادية ومواضيع الجلسات اختيرت في ضوء فقرات مقياس قلق الموت، كانت مدة الجلسة (45) دقيقة ولكل جلسة اهداف خاصة بهوااهداف سلوكية وفنيات ارشادية على وفق نظريات الارشاد السلوكي المعرفي وبواقع جلستين لكل اسبوع، وتم التحقق من صدق البرنامج الارشادي بعد عرضه على مجموعة من الخبراء والمختصين في مجال الارشاد النفسي والتوجيه التربوي، اما الوسائل الاحصائية المستعملة فقد استعملت (الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين، معامل ارتباط بيرسون، اختبار مان - وتني اختبار ولكوكسن ، الوسط الحسابي ، الانحراف المعياري ، معادلة حجم الاثر، مربع كاي اختبار كولموجروف - سميرنوف، الفا ـ كرونباخ). وقد توصل البحث الى النتائج الاتية : 1 - وـجود فروق بين متوسطي درجات افراد المجموعة التجريبية في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي على مقياس قلق الموت وهذا الفرق لصالح الاختبار البعدي.2 - لا توجد وجود فروق بين متوسطي درجات افراد المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي على مقياس قلق الموت بعد تطبيق البرنامج الارشادي على المجموعة التجريبية.3 - توجد فروق بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة على مقياس قلق الموت في الاختبار البعدي بعد تطبيق البرنامج الارشادي لصالح المجموعة التجريبية.4 - لا توجد فروق بين متوسطي درجات الذكور والاناث في المجموعة التجريبية على مقياس قلق الموت في الاختبار البعدي.5ــ اتضح ان مستوى حجم الاثر الذي تركه البرنامج الارشادي في متغير قلق الموت كان كبيرا، حيث بلغ (7،90) في ضوء المستويات التي حددها كوهين في الحكم على مستوى حجم الاثر.وتوصل البحث الحالي في ضوء النتائج الى مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات ومنها : - التوصيات : - 1ـ تطبيق البرنامج الارشادي المعد لهذا البحث على المسنين المصابين بتوهم المرض في دور الدولة الحكومية والاهلية غير عينة البحث. 2ـ الافادة من مقياس قلق الموت ومقياس توهم المرض الذي اعدهما الباحث للكشف عن المسنين المصابين بتوهم المرض وعن قلق الموت من قبل المرشدين النفسيين. 3ـ ضرورة اهتمام مؤسسات الرعاية الاجتماعية بالبرامج الارشادية والاخذ بهواتطبيقها لتخفيض وتعديل الكثير من الامراض النفسية كقلق الموت التي يعاني منها المسنين. 4ـ ضرورة الاهتمام بالجانب الصحي للمسنين وتوفير الادوية لذوي الامراض المزمنة ولاسيما المقيمين منهم في دور الدولة، فهذا احد العوامل التي تساهم في خفض مستوى القلق من الموت لديهم. 5ـ ضرورة تعزيز دور المرشد النفسي والاجتماعي في دور الرعاية الخاصة بالمسنين. 6ـ اقامة سفرات ترفيهية بين الحين والاخر للمسنين المقيمين في دور الدولة من قبل الجهات المسؤولة، فذلك يساعد في الترويح عن النفس وخفض درجة الشعور بالاكتئاب الناجم عن العزلة الاجتماعية. المقترحات : - يقترح البحث اجراء الدراسات الاتية : - 1ـ دراسة وصفية ارتباطية لمعرفة العلاقة بين قلق الموت ومتغيرات اخرى مثل الاتجاه نحو الحياة، القلق الوجودي، الرضا عن الحياة. 2ـ دراسة مشابهة للبحث الحالي على شرائح عمرية اخرى ومقارنة نتائجها مع نتائج البحث الحالي بحيث تشمل المسنين في محافظات القطر كافة. 3ـ بناء برنامج ارشادي لخفض الشعور بالاكتئاب لدى المسنين المقيمين في دور الدولة. | Anxiety is a major problem in the elderly in general and of is particularly death anxiety, permeate the elderly stage some of the problems are related to the nature of the stage or occur to the elderly at this stage Assembles cumulatively what did not solve of problems of youth and adulthood and even childhood, Accompany This stage some of the problems Associated with pessimism and tension and a sense near end And anxiety of which the remains of the age and anxiety of death May notes Suspicion of the disease and to focus attention on health, Death Anxiety has increased due to lack of knowledge of and understanding of the elderly to this stage of life, While it is possible Avoid this situation of anxiety once you Integrated counseling services for the elderly Extension programs based on scientific grounds and the needs of the elderly. For this, the researcher conducting research titled, Counseling Program Gnostic in reduced Death Anxiety with Sample of the elderly Infected Disease illusion.1. To know the impact of the Gnostic Counseling Program in reduced Death Anxiety with Sample of the elderly Infected Diseas To achieve this objective developed the hypotheses zero Following : A. There are no statistically significant differences at the significant level (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental group individuals' to scale Death Anxiety In pre and post test. B. There are no statistically significant differences at the significant level (0.05) between the ranks of the Members of the control group to scale Death Anxiety In pre and post test. C. There are no statistically significant differences at the significant level (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental group individuals' and Individuals of the control group to scale Death Anxiety In the post test. D. There are no statistically significant differences at the significant level (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental group individuals' to scale Death Anxiety In the post test, Attributed to the variable type. 2. Identify the size of the effect the counseling program in reduced Death Anxiety with Sample of the elderly Infected Disease illusion. In addition, for testing the hypotheses Researcher use the experimental design (the experimental group and the control group) if sample consisted Research from (20) an elderly of infected the disease Illusion (Males and females), Who have received highest grades Medium Hypothetico On the scale Disease illusion and scale Death Anxiety, Handed out randomly Into two groupsone of them experimental and the other control group The two groups a number of variables Illusion patients, death anxiety, and psychological adjustment, and the chronological age, and scholastic achievement.The researcher build three Search Tools According to the cognitive perspective.First, scale Disease illusion Number of paragraphs (50) items distributed on five fields of "The belief in my body disease, Preoccupation with severe somatic diseases, Fears of the disease, of disease fears, feelings Shortages and doubt of self, Obstruction of the individual in touch with others.Second, scale death anxiety Number of paragraphs (50) items distributed on five fields of, Malaise, Health deterioration, Negative outlook for the future, the constant thought of death, the fear of death.Have been built Counseling program (15) Psychological counseling Hearings topics chosen in the light of the paragraphs Scale of Death Anxiety Hearings length (45 minutes) Per Hearings Objectives and objectives of their own behavioral techniques and extension According to the theories of cognitive behavioral counseling and two meetings per week.The researcher reached the following results : A. Existence difference between the ranks of the experimental group individuals' to scale Death Anxiety In pre and posttest And in favor of the post test.B. There are no difference between the ranks of the Members of the control group to scale Death Anxiety In pre and post test, after applying the counseling program on the experimental group.C. Existence difference between the ranks of the experimental group individuals' and control group on scale Death Anxiety In the post - test, after applying the counseling program For the experimental group.D. There are no difference between the ranks of the Members Males and females in the experimental group on scale Death Anxiety In the post - test Reach current research in light of the findings A set of recommendations and proposals including the : The proposals1. The need to apply counseling program the elderly Disease illusion in the role of government and private non - state research sample.2. To benefit from scale Death Anxiety and scale Disease illusion for the detection of elderly people Infected Disease illusion and Death Anxiety By counselors. 3. The need for social welfare institutions interesting programs counseling to lower and modify a lot about mental illness Death Anxiety Who experienced by the elderly.4. Need for attention to the health aspect for seniors as many of them complained of a lack of adequate support in this aspect.5. The need to strengthen the role of psychological and social worker in the role of private elderly care.6. The field visits repeated nursing home by administrators and work to dam essential needs. 7. Recreational trips between now and then the elderly of resident in the role of the state by the responsible authorities. 8. The need to establish private workshops where elderly of resident exercise the role of the state in their hobbies and activities. SuggestionsFind proposes to undertake the following studies : 1. Descriptive study of correlation to find out the relationship between death anxiety and other variables Such as the trend towards life, existential anxiety, life satisfaction.2. Similar study the current research on segments of age other.3. A study of death anxiety and its relationship to illusion of disease in the elderly.4. Building counseling program to reduce the feeling of depression in the elderly of resident in the role of the state.5. Develop counseling programs and prevention and treatment to reduce the illusion of the disease in the elderly.

Author name: نصير محمد حمود الخزاعي

Supervisor name: عبد العزيز حيدر الموسوي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

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Abstract: That the development of any civilization must be accompanied by mental, artistic and creative production and that the lack of these elements threatens that civilization recession and collapse , and reinforcing it is the creative capabilities and products of the reators that lend authenticity to the heritage of each nation and civilization development , and education is one of the most important means of progress of civilization , prosperity and growth cultural being the backbone of the entity so communities should be summoned to the change and looking forward reform in the educational system to live up to the level of knowledge renewed.Won the Undergraduate great deal of interest on the account the higher stages of the educational pyramid , and what was the university students of important groups in society who are the generation that has the responsibility to meet the challenges in allwalks of life , so it became necessary to characterize these students personalities creative motivation One of the basic necessities business and enterprise management, since the time is on the rise , needs and aspirations are the other in the growth and expansion ,there is no longer sufficient or even satisfactory business performance in organizations of different patterns and types of conventional routine methods because continuing the lead to stand a result fell behind the rapidly moving to forward or failure , so thesuccessful organizations in their work and in order to ensure that it remains a strong and influential and continuity should not stop at the extent of efficiency in the sense that convinced to carry out their work properly or functioning placed on it with honesty and sincerity , and despite the importance of this feeling and Highness , we must have ambition beyond that , are intended to more distant sight of the ultimate and hopes to even be creative creative institution , becomes creativity and innovation is the hallmark of their performance features and services.The quality of life development a primary goal for everyone, happy Individuals who feel good about their lives achievers and participants in the community are able to work for the prosperity of the community, as is the concept of quality of life one influentialvariables in people's behavior from the perspective of positive psychology because you can not imagine to live a man psychological health and happiness and the effectiveness of the catches that without meaning to his life in this existence, and that he should seekto uncover the meaning or creativity in some way. When you meet all the needs of the person feels that he can achieve its objectives and aspires to making it feel happy and extroversion and then stimulated to accept life actively, perseverance and desire to take into account the likelihood of success , but if it fails the individual to satisfy his needs, he feels frustration and pessimism and that he can not to achieve its objectives and making it feel despair and loss of hope and accept life coolly and frequency and is expected failure and was skeptical of success, leading to the loss of satisfaction with his life, which is an important mental health indicator rejoiced rights and happiness and sense of quality of life are all function indicators on the quality of life and mental health the decline of optimism and happiness they are pushing the individual to pessimism. The current research aimed to identify : 1. creative motivation among university students.2. The significance of differences in the creative motivation among university students , depending on the variables : sex (Males - Females ) , a course of study (Scientific - Humanitarian) , classrooms (Second - Fourth).3. The quality of life of university students. 4. The significance of differences in the quality of life of college students depending on the variables : sex (Males - Females), a course of study (Scientific - Humanitarian ) , classrooms (Second - Fourth).5. correlation between motivation, creativity and quality of life among university students.6. significance of differences in the correlation between the creative motivation and the quality of life of college students depending on the variables : sex (Males - Females) , and a course of study (Scientific - Humanitarian ) and classrooms (Second - Fourth).The research identifies the students of the University of Qadisiyah scientific and humanitarian males and females and ranks second and fourth to study the morning of specialization , for the academic year (2015 - 2016).To achieve the objectives of the research researcher depends on the following : 1. At the creative motivation among university students scale, and consisted of the scale was finalized after the completion of the terms of validity and reliability and the ability to distinguish from (36) items distributed among three areas (Motivation , Grandma , Efficiency).2. adopt a quality of life measure of university students prepared ( AL - Gemayel , 2008) , and consisted of the scale was finalized (42) were distributed to paragraph (3) areas of life within the family , within the university life, life in the general environment.In order to achieve objectives of the research , the researcher apply the scales on a sample of (400) students, and then analyzed the data using statistical bagful of Social Sciences (Spss).The results were as follows : 1. that college students are characterized by creative motivation high.2. Creative Motivation is not affected by sex (Males - Females) and a course of study (Scientific - Humanitarian) and classrooms (Second - Fourth).3. that college students have a sense of above - average quality of life.4. There is no difference among university students a sense of the relative quality of life that they were males or females. 5. that college students of humanitarian specialization are relatively more students a sense of scientific specialization quality of life.6. does not have university students that were in the second row or rows fourth relatively sense of the quality of life.7. There is a positive correlation between the creative motivation and quality of life relationship.8. There is no difference among university students if they are male or female or second rows or fourth rows in the creative motivation and their sense of the relative quality of life. While there is a difference in the correlation between the creative motivation andquality of life that they were students of scientific specialization at the university for their peers in the human specialization. In light of the findings of the research , the researcher offers a number of recommendations and proposals.

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العلاقة بين بعض المتغيرات النفسية والتحصيل المدرسي في المرحلة الثانوية

Author name: ابراهيم عبد الخالق رؤوف

Supervisor name: ابراهيم يوسف المنصور

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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اثر محو امية العمال في اتجاهاتهم الاجتماعية == The Impact Of Literacy On Social Attitudes Of Labourers

Author name: خليل ابراهيم مصطفى الدباغ

Supervisor name: احمد حقي اسماعيل الحلي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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اثر الارشاد النفسي في تقدير الذات الواطئ لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الاعدادي

Author name: لطيف غازي مكي الاسدي

Supervisor name: ناجي عبيد ملاغي الحجامي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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تقويم كتب الرياضيات المعاصرة لمرحلة الدراسة الاعداية في العراق من وجهة نظر المدرسين والمدرسات والخبراء

Author name: بهاء الدين عبد الله خضير

Supervisor name: محمد جواد سعد الدين

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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دافع الانجاز وعلاقته بالتحصيل الدراسي : دراسة مقارنة بين ابناء الشهداء واقرانهم من ابناء غير الشهداء المرحلة الاعداية == Relntionnhip Jletween Achievement Drive And School Frorluction : A Comparnti Ve Stucly Between Martyrs M1Ildre11 Rnd Their Other Classmates

Author name: رياض ناصر رمضان

Supervisor name: ابراهيم عبد الخالق رؤوف

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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دراسة مقارنة لمستوى التوافق بين طلبة الدراسة المتوسطة (الجذب الجيد، الاعتيادية) في مركز محافظة البصرة

Author name: رجاء خليل عبيد العكيلي

Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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قياس الضغوط المهنية لمدرسي المرحلة المتوسطة ومدرساتها : بناء وتطبيق == Measure The Vocational Stress Of Male And Female Teachers Of Intermediate Stage Structure And Application

Author name: عبد القادر رحيم الانصاري

Supervisor name: مظفر عبد الصمد عبد الرزاق

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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التفضيل المهني وعلاقته بالحاجات النفسية لدى طلبة الصف السادس الاعدادي == The Vocational Preferences And Their Relations To Psychological Needs Of Sixth - Class Students In Preparatory Schools

Author name: ماجد احياب رمضان

Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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دراسة تجريبية في تاثير الارشاد على التحصيل المدرسي في الصف السادس الابتدائي

Author name: انور طاهر رضا

Supervisor name: نعيمة الشماع

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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دراسة مقارنة في السلوك القيادي بين مديري المدارس الثانوية ومديراتها == Acomparative Study To Leadership Behavior Among Secondary School'S Headmasters And Headmistresses

Author name: صلاح خليفة اللامي

Supervisor name: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: Undoubtedly , the head master has got the most important role in the educationaJ process. It is due to his efforts that the educational environment is prepared in an wat that helps in enhancing the teaching and administrative staff to produce their best in shorter time and heith less efforts. In fact , one can say that the head master is the · ing mindd that controls the whole educational process. His behaviour is considered th criterion that measures the achievements of school population.What gives this study its importance can be stated as follows : 1 - 'The importance of the educational administration in general and school administration in particular since they are regarded as the educational leadership that works to the objectives of the society.2 - The importance of secondary and preparatory schools that supply the institutions and univen;ities with large numbers of students.3 - The important and vital role of the headmaster who is considered the leading figure in/ his tretment with his teaching staff. I4 - It is important to srudy the leaden;hip behaviour of secondary schools head masters and mistress since administration.5 - School administration is put in a position fronting behavioural challenges that requir efficient and s.kil.ful administrative leaders.The.Problem of the Study : IIt is necessary to know and diagnose the differennces in the educational leaders1p and leadership behaviour in their administrative work one can arrive at and limit 1'te scieatific interpretations of the successful of this educaitional institute (school).No to say that the leaderhipl has style clear effect on education our generations and prepartijig them for the future.Aims of the stuely The aims of the present study is to answer the following questions : t' I.what is leadership behavion level that is praetisead by secondary schools head mast according to leudership behaviour test prepared for this purpose 2 - Are there any statistically significant differences between the headmasters and head mastresses in general •3 - Are there any statistically significant differences in the leadership behaviour betwee~ the head masters arid head mistresses in the different respects of the test (responsibilil : y , discipline personality , skill , and administration beliefs ) ?4 - What is the leadership behaviour level of the buildity sample (teachers supervisors , head mesters and mistresses , teaching staff ) on the test iin general. 5 - Are there any statistically significant differency in the leadership behaviour among th~ members of the building sample on the test in general ? 6 - Are there any statistically significant differences in the leadership behaviour between I the members of the building sample , on one side , and the members of the applicatior sample , on the other side , on the test in general ?Limits of the Study : The present study is limited to a sample including number of secondary schools i Basrah city, the academic year of 1998 - 1999. Procedur8y of the study : Firstly : Samples of the study : After limiting the original society of the present research which included (280) seclondary schools, the reseacher chose a randoun class sample of ((75)) head masters an mistresses. The percentage of this random sample constitutes 40% of the original soci Secondly : Means of the study : The researcher uused the leadership behaviour scale of secondary schools hea4 masters and mistresses which he constructed to achhieve his research objectives.Thirdly : Now to test the validity and reliability of the scale : ' ** Validity : The reseacher used three ways to ensure the validity of his scale ; content vaJ lidity , face validity and distingushilg? ** Reliability : Many statistical means were used to investigate the reliability of the scale.Scale stability coefficient was extracted by spli - half ocucording to spareman - Brown formula , it approximates (0,97). According to getman formula , it approximates ((0,98)) and ((0,98)) according to rolson formula. Scale consistency coefficient approac ((0,89)).Fourthly : AppUcatian qf the smfe : After presenting the : items of the scale to the jury and after doing some proced s and the required modifications, the items primarily applied to a random sample of (4 ) healh : nasters to be sure ofv the clarity of the instructions and the interprelation and e meaning of the items. The researcher also applied the scale to another random sample itseached (75) head mascers and mistresses. The reason behind that was to find out the v+.lidity and consistency by statistical means. After proving the above mentioned matterS , the fundamental application of the sc+ ' took place on original sample of (75) head masters and mistresses to measure the leadef - ' ship behaviour level and to know the implication of the differences among the head m~ - ters and mistresses in order to set the comparison.F!fUtly : Statistical Means : The researcher used the following means : 1 - Pcrcentages 2 - Analysis of variance 3 - The coefficient deviation. 4 - Spereman - Browit, Person , Jennan , Rolon , coder Richardson coefficient correlation to find the consist : u cy of the instrument. 5 - The T - test.71te ReS!dts : The results of the present study are summarized as the following : 1 - The secondary school's hedd masters and mistresses have very high leadership behav4 our which proves their efficiency in leading and controlling their schools. ! 2 - There are no differences of statistical significance between the head masters and mis tresses in the general application of the scale except in respect of ((resposibility and skill). Within these two respects , the scale shows significant statistical differences for the sak of the head mistresses.

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الكفايات المهنية للازمة لاعداد المرشد التربوي

Author name: بتول غالب الناهي

Supervisor name: جواد كاظم فهد المالكي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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دراسة مقارنة في المشكلات التي يواجهها طلبة المدارس المتوسطة المشمولة وغير المشمولة بالارشاد التربوي والتوجية المهني

Author name: احمد محمد احمد البكر

Supervisor name: شاكر مبدر جاسم

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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كشف الذات وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات الاسرية لدى طلبة الجامعة

Author name: هناء عبد النبي كبن العبادي

Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Author name: نمر خضير عباس

Supervisor name: ليث كريم حمد السامرائي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/ARSHAD/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B1.pdf

University location: Diyala

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Abstract: ويهدف البحث الحالي الي معرفة (تاثير الارشاد المعرفي في خفض الخوف من الفشل الدراسي لدى طلاب المرحلة الاعدادية)؛ وذلك من خلال تحقيق الاهداف الاتية : اولا : قياس الخوف من الفشل الدراسي لدى طلاب المرحلة الاعدادية.ثانيا : معرفة اثر البرنامج الارشادي في خفض ا | The school of the most important educational and scientific institutions in the community they are located in the top of the pyramid of Education, an organization working to supplement the younger generation with different types of science and knowledge they need to cope with scientific developments accelerating , as well as being the means that are of introduction Leadership professional , artistic and intellectual and configured , it works to provide the community workforce that is their management institutions, social, cultural and economic. The problem is the fear of academic failure of important problems The current research aims to find out (the effect of cognitive counseling in reducing the fear of academic failure among students in middle school) and that by achieving the following objectives : First - measuring fear of academic failure among students in middle school. Secondly - to know the impact of the program in reducing the fear indicative of academic failure among students in middle school , by testing the following hypotheses : 1. There are no statistically significant differences in reducing the fear of academic failure at the level (0.05) for the control group in the test (tribal posttest).2. There are no statistically significant differences in reducing the fear of academic failure at the level (0.05) for the experimental group in the test (tribal posttest).3. There are no statistically significant differences in reducing the fear of academic failure at the level (0.05) for the two groups (experimental control group) in the post test The researcher has built a measure of the fear of academic failure and presented to a group of experts agreed unanimously to use it , has been extracted characteristics Alsekoumtria to scale them (validity and reliability). Been applied to measure a sample of students from the middle school , as the number of respondents (400) students from grade (fifth Scientific) , and the researcher adopted the experimental method; verification of research hypotheses , as sample program (20) students from fifth grade science , from students who received degrees higher than the center - premise , has been selected from the junior Sharif Razi , the researcher built a pilot program adopted in the construction of the program theory Beck, having been exposing the experimental group for the program has not suffered the control group of the indicative Programme has reached the number of sessions (10) sessions guidance. To address the research data and then rely on several statistical methods , including : (Pearson correlation coefficient , and Chi - square test , and the test t - T.test, and weight percentile , and the weighted average , the equation Alvakronbach) has been using the bag statistical (Spss) to reach the desired results in the search procedures. The current research found the following results : 1. The presence of fear of academic failure among the students of the preparatory stage 2. Indicative that the program impact in reducing the fear of academic failure in favor of the members of the experimental group In light of the results and conclusions of the researcher concluded a set of recommendations and proposals , including : 1. the attention of school administrators and counselors problems of students , especially those that relate to their fear of academic failure in order to create appropriate solutions to satisfy their needs psychological and social.2. take advantage of the measure prepared by the researcher to gather information about the fear of academic failure and the extent of its spread among students.3. Find ways and new techniques by counselors seek to develop means of psychological counseling , educational and especially after the development and opening - up happening in the country. Complementing the results of current research studies researcher suggests the following : 1. Study of the fear of academic failure in middle school and elementary school.2. to conduct a study using similar methods other guidance to reduce the fear of academic failure is that the methods used by the researcher.3. conduct a similar study for students in middle school.

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انماط التعلق وعلاقتها بخبرات الاساءة في مرحلة الطفولة لدى الطلبة المشمولين بخدمات الارشاد الفردي في المدارس المتوسطة == Patterns Attachment And Their Relationship To The Experiences Of Abuse In Childhood Among The Students Covered By The Patterns Of Individual Counseling Services In Middle School

Author name: كاظم غميس ياسر العمري

Supervisor name: مائدة مردان محي الطعان

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: ان ما نشهده من تغيرات سريعة اصابت مختلف جوانب حياتنا الفكرية، والاجتماعية، والسياسية، والاقتصادية، ما هي الا نتيجة طبيعية للتطور العلمي، والتكنولوجي، والتقدم الصناعي في عالمنا اليوم، الذي سهل لنا الحياة من جانب وعقدها من جانب اخر، فملئت المجتمعات بالصراع | The quick changes that we are witnessing have struck the different aspects of our life; cognitive, social, political and economic. These changes come to be as a natural result for the scientific, technological and industrial development in our world nowadays, which simplified life from one side and complicated it from another side. Consequently, conflicts and problems filled the societies because of the change in life style. New needs come into existence which required varied means of fulfillment and various ways of dealing with such needs in order to achieve the intended goal of convergence to accommodate with the requirements of the changeable environment. Researchers have dealt with the role of attachment in adolescents who are in need for psychological care. They found that the model of attachment in these adolescents to their parents is related to negligence and abuse especially in the case of unsafe attachment in adolescence. That's why abuse experiences, regardless of their being parental or non - parental, make a universal problem, beyond the borders of our society or any other society but rather many human societies suffer from. For this reason, it was the core many researches. The problem of abuse experiences in childhood is one of the problems that impact the development of the individual. The problem of the research can be summarized in the following question : Is there any relationship between models of attachment and abuse experiences in the childhood of students who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools? What kind of relation it is? To answer this question, the researcher adopted three main objectives : 1. Knowing the models of attachment among students who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools according to the variable of gender (male - female).2. Identifying abuse experiences in childhood among students who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools according to the variable of gender (male - female).3. Identifying the kind and direction of the relationship between the variable of the models of attachment and the variable of abuse experiences according to the variable of gender (male - female).To achieve these objectives the researcher designed two scales; one for the models of attachment and the other for abuse experiences in childhood among students who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools. In order to verify their psychometric characteristics of validity and reliability, the researcher calculated both face and content validity. In addition, he calculated the reliability of the scale for models of attachment by the test retest method and the Cronbach's Alpha to measure the internal harmony of the scale. As for the scale of abuse experiences the researcher used the test retest method and the Cronbach's Alpha to measure the reliability of the scale. After verifying the psychometric characteristics of the two scales, they were applied on the research sample which is students, who receive individual guidance in intermediate schools in Di Qar governorate, the research results have shown that : 1. The targeted research sample is not a normal sample; it suffered from problems and difficulties as it tended to adopt confused and avoiding models of attachment and an obvious decrease in adopting safe attachment model.2. A high percentage of the males of the research sample have suffered from physical abuse experiences in childhood, whereas females were more prone to speech abuse. 3. There is a positive correlative relationship between the variable of the models of attachment and the variable of abuse experiences.4. Correlation between safe attachment model and abuse experiences in childhood, in general, was negative. Whereas it was positive between confused and avoiding models of attachment and abuse experiences in childhood.In the light of the results of the study the researcher has come up with some suggestions and recommendations

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القابلية للاستهواء وعلاقتها بالنزاهة الاخلاقية لدى موظفي الدولة == Suggestibility Relationship With The Moral Integrity Of Officials

Author name: عبد الله عادل محسن السعيدي

Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الزهرة حميد الجمعان

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: تعرض المجتمع العراقي الى العديد من الازمات والظروف السياسية، والاجتماعية والاقتصادية، من حروب، وسوء ادارة، وحصار اقتصادي، وصعوبة تدبير لقمة العيش، كذلك غياب الامن الاجتماعي، اثر كل ذلك بشكل سلبي على بنائه وتكوينه الفكري والاخلاقي.فعلى الجانب الفكري تجد ب | The Iraqi society has faced l lot political and social crises including wars, ill - administration, poor conduct, the economical siege its consequences, and above all, the absence of the social security. All these bad conditions have negatively affected the Iraqis’ morals and their ways of thinking. At the level of thinking, some figures suffer from bluntness in that one can notice them thinking in a traditional way. Thus, they become victims of rumors and superstitions. They have often been inclined to believe these kinds of biased circulations. These social rumors and superstitions may be communicated by a numbers od means such as the relatives and social media resulting in making these figures suffer from impressibility. At the moral level, capitalism, expediency and the materialistic tendencies in general have control over the humanistic and moral aspects of life, besides, the expansion of suggestibility and the deterioration of the religious and national impulses and motivations. These have resulted in weakening and destructing the moral ideology which embraces social, moral and practical values for the members of the society specially the officials who have been suffering from weakening or absence of the moral integrity. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to recognize suggestibility and integrity among the officials and to identify the individual differences in relation to tendencies to the number of years in service (lesser than five years or more between suggestibility and moral integrity. To attain the objectives of this study, an equal and random number of officials (4oo males and females) who have lesser than five years in service and more than five years.Two instruments are used in this study. The first one is manipulated to measure impressibility. The researcher has constructed a measurement for suggestibility and its psychological - metric characteristics have been attested such as the explicit honesty and the constructive one. The researcher has noticed a measurement stability via testing and retesting when the correlative factor reaches (0. 87), following cornbach’s Alpha, when the stability value reaches (0.81). appropriate statistical means are used to achieve the aims of this work and the procedures followed. The second instrument is used to measure the moral integrity when its psycho - metric feature are attested ( explicit and structural honest). The measurement stability is tested by the retesting procedure where the correlative factor reaches (0.89) following Cronbach’s Alpha where the stability value gets (0.82). The main results of this work can be summarized as in the following two points : 1) The specimen of this research enjoys a low level of suggestibility and this what enables subjects to criticize, analyze and have self - independence. They also show a considerable level of moral integrity, and of course, there are some individual diversifications from this level which is highly rejected by others officials in that they do represent the majority. 2) There is an inversely correlative relation between suggestibility and moral integrity. The researcher has recommended that the officials should be encourage to think critically and enjoying the moral integrity by holding seminars and symposiums aiming at praising and educating them. The researcher has also suggested some important things such as investigating the type of relation between the political and social levels that are liable to permissibility and moral integrity.

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الاختيار المهني وعلاقته بانماط الشخصية والبيئات المهنية السائدة لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة الاعدادية == The Vocational Selection And Its Relation With Personality Styles & Vocational Environments Prevailed For The Secondary Stage Students

Author name: خلف مطشر دايخ الاسدي

Supervisor name: عياد اسماعيل صالح السامرائي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى التعرف على الاختيار المهني وعلاقته بانماط الشخصية والبيئات المهنية السائدة لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة الاعداية، كما تضمن اهدافا فرعية اخرى وهي التعرف على كل من : 1. الاختيار المهني لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة الاعدادية.2. دلالة الفروق في | The present study aims to identify the vocational selection related with the personality styles and the vocational environments prevailed of secondary stage students as major objective. Furthermore , it also includes some other subsidiary objectives which are listed bellow : 1. The identification of the vocational selection of the secondary stage students 2. The identification of the denotation of differences of the vocational. selection in accordance with the specialization variable ( literary - scientific ). 3. The identification of the denotation of differences of the vocational. selection in accordance with the gender variable ( male - female ). 4. The identification of the personality styles of secondary stage students. 5. The identification of the denotation of differences of the personality styles of secondary stage students in accordance with the gender variable ( male - female ). 6. The identification of the prevailed vocational environments of secondary stage students. 7. The identification of the denotation of differences in the prevailed vocational environments of secondary stage students in accordance with the gender variable ( male - female ).8. The identification of the relation among the vocational selection , personality styles and vocational environments of secondary stage students. 9. The identification of the relation between the personality styles and vocational environments of secondary stage students. 10. The identification of the relation between the - - - - - - - - - subsidiary personality styles and the prevailed vocational environments of secondary stage students.11. The identification of the relation between the associative relation and the statistical denotation between the vocational selection as a variable and personality styles and the vocational environments of the study respondents. The study was limited to secondary stage students ( 6th grade ) for both genders ( male - female ) in Basrah Governorate for the academic year 2014 - 2015.In the first chapter , the researcher introduces a theoretical and procedural definition of the research variables. In the second chapter , demonstrates a theoretical framework related to the research variables , the vocational selection , theories of vocational selection , the concept of personality styles , the theories dealt with personality styles , vocational environments , previous studies which are reasonably in connection with the subject matter of research along side with a discussion of such studies. Research procedures are specified as follows : Study respondents The community research is represented by the male and female students of the 6th grade - secondary schools in Basrah. Total number is 19202 students of the morning study for the academic year 2014 - 2015. The study respondents are 290 male and female students as - - - - - - sample selected simply and randomly with a percentage no less than 2% of the original community while the sample of the final application is 480 male and female students with a percentage no less than 3% of the original community.Research tools : the research is composed of three tools : The tool of the vocational selection , the researcher built the items of the vocational selection and they were composed of 76 items in their preliminary formulation , divided into six fields : self , social , family , economical , valorem and environmental and personal field and in order to recognize the apparent truth of the tool , the researcher presented the scale before a group of experts and specialized members in the field of psychological counseling in order to evaluate the items whether or not they are fit to measure what they are after along side with suggesting proper modifications in the formulation of items. Consequently , the items approved by 80 % of experts ' approval or more were accepted while the rest which scored les vote were omitted , that is , 29 items were omitted and they were divided into six fields. The Remaining 47 items scored more than 80 % of experts ' approval. In order to know the distinctive truth of the tool , the researcher applied it to a sample of 235 male and female students selected randomly. students ' marks were arranged through a descending order began with the highest mark to the lowest mark in the vocational selection. The tow radical groups were specified with the full mark scoring 27 % out of the sample 's respondents. They were 64 in each group. T. test was applied for two independent groups for the purpose of identifying the denotation of the difference between the two radical groups in terms of each single item of the scale on the basis of that the calculated T force represents the distinctive force of items. It is reported that 6 items were not distinct at the level of 0,05 because the T calculated values were less than the T tabular value which was equal to 1,96 with a liberty degree of 126. Accordingly , they were excluded out of the scale while the 41 remaining items were distinct at the level of 0.05. Furthermore , the researcher conducted a group of statistical procedures to determine the truth of the interior correlations. It was reported that all correlations treatments were distinct except item No. 30 didn’t score the required correlation mark which is 0,11 or higher. Ultimately ,the tool in its final manifestation was composed of 40 items divided into six fields. Personality styles The researcher conducted the scale of personality styles in accordance with Holland Codes of personality styles after being translated from English to Arabic and its compliance with Iraqi environment. Holland's codes is composed of 80 items which he distributes into the six sub items where the personality styles are evaluated as follows Realistic (13) items , investigative (12) items , social (16) items , conventional (13) , enterprising (12 ) items and artistic (14 ). In order to express the apparent truth of the tool , it was presented in its preliminary manifestation before the experts and specialists in the psychological Counseling Dep. in order to evaluate the validity of its items. In the light of arbitrators ' judgments , 23 were omitted divided into six styles. Thus , the items of the personality styles tool is composed of 57 items divided into 6 fields. In order to recognize the distinctive truth of the tool , it was applied to a random sample of 290 male and female students selected randomly and simply. The researcher arranged the individuals ' marks in a descending order starting from the total highest in the personality styles up to the lowest one. then , the two radical groups were specified of 27 % out of the sample respondents which they were 78 respondents in each group. The T. test was applied to two independent groups for the purpose of the denotation of the difference between the two groups v , between the marks of each items of the scale. It was reported that there 2 items were not distinct at the level of 0,05 because the T calculated values were less than from the T tabular value (1,96 ) with liberty degree of 154 which was resulted in excluding them out of the scale. while the remaining 55 items were distinct at a denotation level 0,05. Thus , the tool was composed of 55.Vocational environments After reviewing the literature of the vocational orientation , Holland ' s theory and its constituents and the related previous studies , the researcher listed 166 careers divided into 6 vocational environments meeting opposite the aforementioned personality styles. Consequently , Holland ' s code of vocational environments is composed of realistic environment 38 careers , investigative environment (30 ) careers , social environment (23 ) , conventional environment (15 ) careers and the artistic environment (34 ) careers. To investigate the apparent truth of the tool , the researcher presented the scale of the vocational environments before 20 experts , specialized in the field of psychological counseling in order to evaluate the items whether or not they are fit to measure what they are after. Consequently , experts ' remarks led to some modifications in the scale items. They also approved the integration of both tools together as well as determining the environment which is opposite and peculiar for each style of personality. furthermore , they agreed to select 20 - 15 careers out of those which are widely common and acceptable in Iraq that 52 items were omitted and with applying such procedure , the tool was composed of 114 careers divided into 6 sub scales. The researcher inspected the distinctive force of tools by the use of the two radical groups at the ultimate mark through the application of the scale items over the same statistical sample of the scale of personality styles which are 290 male and female students selected randomly. The researcher arranged the individual's marks in a descending order began with the total highest mark to the lowest mark in the vocational environments. Then , the tow radical groups were specified with the full mark scoring 27 % out of the sample 's respondents. They were 78 in each group. T. test was applied for two independent groups for the purpose of identifying the denotation of the difference between the two radical groups in terms of each single item of the scale. It is reported that 14 items were not distinct at the level of 0,05 because the T calculated values were less than the T tabular values (1,96 ) with liberity degree of 154 which resulted in to be excluded out of the scale while the 100 remaining items were distinct at the level of 0,05. Thus , the tool of the vocational environments was composed of 100 items divided into six environments. tools stability In order to figure out the stability of the vocational selection scale of secondary school students , the researcher used the Retest Method and after applying the scale once again on the same sample which was 50 male and female students , Pearson ' s correlation coefficients were stated between the two applications which was 0,79. In terms of personality styles scale , the researcher figured out a stability for each style of the 6 personality styles. After reapplying the scale once again on the same sample , Pearson ' s correlation coefficients were stated between the two applications for each of the 6 sub scales to know the nature of the relation of the marks of both application , the first and the second. it appeared that correlation coefficients ranged from 0,84 - 0,75. In terms of scale of vocational environments , it was reported that the correlation coefficients ranged between from 0,98 - 0,71.The application of tools The researcher applied his tools on a sample of 480 male and female students who were selected randomly with percentage no less than 3 % of the original community. The time assigned for answering the questions was (30 - 40) minutes with average of 35 minutes. The final application required the period from 14/3/2015 up to 30/3/2015.In the fourth stage , the researcher introduced a demonstration for the results whom he culminated by the present research alongside with discussing such results in accordance with consequence of its objectives. Conclusions were as follows : 1. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational selection of secondary school students in general. 2. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational selection of secondary school students in accordance with specialization ( scientific - literary ). 3. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational selection of secondary school students in accordance with gender variable (male - female).4. The presence of a statistical denotation in the personality styles of secondary school students in general. 5. The presence of a statistical denotation in the personality styles of secondary school students in accordance with gender variable ( male and female ) in the realistic and investigative style while no such denotation is absent in the personality styles of secondary school students in accordance with gender variable ( male and female ) in the social , conventional , artistic and enterprising style.6. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational environments of secondary school students in general. 7. The presence of a statistical denotation in the vocational environments of secondary school students in accordance with gender variable ( male opposite female ) in the realistic and vocational investigative environments along side with the absence of such denotation in the vocational environments in accordance with ( male opposite female ) in the social , vocational conventional , vocational enterprising and vocational artistic environments. 8. there is no correlative relation between the vocational selection on one hand and personality styles and prevailing vocational environments of secondary school students on the other. 9. The presence of a correlative relation between personality styles on one hand and the prevailing vocational environments of secondary school students on the other.10. The presence of a correlative relation between styles of sub personality of the tool with the opposite vocational environments of secondary school students as follows : - The presence of a correlative relation between the realistic personality style and the vocational realistic environment. - The presence of a correlative relation between the investigative personality style and the vocational investigative environment. - The presence of a correlative relation between the conventional personality style and the vocational conventional environment. - The presence of a correlative relation between the enterprising personality style and the vocational enterprising environment. - The presence of a correlative relation between the artistic personality style and the vocational artistic environment. 11. The absence of a correlative relation and statistical denotation between the vocational selection as variable on one hand and the personality styles as well as vocational environment as second variable to the members of study correspondents in general.Recommendations : In the light of research results , the researcher suggested some recommendations , we hereby mention some of them : 1. Appling the code of the vocational selection by cancellers to develop the counseling process. Proposals : 2.conducting a study concerning the vocational selection of the secondary school students and its relation with other variables such the self concept.

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Author name: حسن محسن سعدون الجابري

Supervisor name: فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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اثر برنامج ارشادي نفسي في تخفيف القلق الوجودي لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة الاعداية == The Impact Of A Psychological Counseling Program On The Reduction Of Existential Anxiety In Secondary School Students

Author name: عفيفة طه ياسين

Supervisor name: عياد اسماعيل صالح السامرائي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The Iraqi Society with drastic changes the Economic , political & social levels. These changes , violence & blood shed have there reflections on all the stratifications of the society. These events represent & index for the existential anxiety. Feeling the threat and the lack of security weaken the intimate social relations. Consequently , the individual feels that he/she is responsible for his/ her life or death. In this case life becomes meaningless for the individual.Secondary school students are strongly associated with existential anxiety if they realize that this stage determined failure or success. This means too much to their self - esteem and capabilities. During this period the student is just a teenage which is a very critical period of life time. He/she is subjected to different behavioral disorders which makes it very important to build a remedial program. Tlte st11dv aims at the {olloH"i11g : Constructing a scale to measure existential anxiety. Identifying the level of existential anxiety in Secondary school students. Identifying a statistical difference between anxiety and any of its fourdimensions in relations to(sex, class grade, study major)(scientific of literary).Designing a remedial program for a selected sample of Secondary school students to reduce the le\·el of existential anxiety. - Applying the program and identifying its results.To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher has constructed two Existential anxiety which consists of 80 items distributed among for dimensions. They are : ( death anxiety , freedom , existential isolation , meaninglessness. The validity and reliability of the scale were approved and it was applied to 400 female and male Secondary school students.2 - The counseling Program : The researcher has constructed a remedial program in accordance with the (five points). It includes : a) Analysis b) Planning c) applicationd) program evolution. e) decision making.different techniques of Psychotherapy have been adopted. The program takes (88) days, (24) group sessions and (38) individual sessions, two session a week. Each session is (90) minute.The researcher has used different statistical tools like qi square , Anova, t - test, mean , sd standard error and Person formula. The results show a high desgree of existential anxiety in Secondary school students. It is higher in female students and develop gradually in relation to the stage of study from the fourth grade to the sixth grade. The results show no significant difference in relation to the study major whether sci en ti fie or I iterary.The results show also that the program has a positive effect in reducing the degree of existential anxiety. Accordingly some recommendations and suggestions are forwarded.

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اساليب المعاملة الوالدية وعلاقتها بتحديد الميول المهنية لدى طلبة الصف السادس الاعدادي == Parents Treatments And Their Relationship To Vocational Interests Of Sixth - Class Students In Preparatory School

Author name: ماجد احياب رمضان

Supervisor name: مها حسين يوسف سالم البدر | عياد اسماعيل صالح

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: The problem of this study focuses on recognizing the kind of relationship between parents' Treatment and their Relationship Interests of sixth class students in preparatory schools.Importanceofthestudy : 1. The occupation is an important matter in the individual life.2. The parents' treatments that role in limited in Vocational Interests for the individual in future.3. Providing school counselors with information they could use to help students in their vocational Interests.Aims of the stt1dy : The purpose of this study are the fallowing : Recognizing Parents treatments for six class students in preparatory schools.Recognizing Vocational Interests for six class student in preparatory School.3. Finding the relationships between parents Treatments and Vocational Interests for the some sample.This study was limited for : 1. A sample of six - class students in preparatory school ( Art & since ).2. Both Sexes (Males and Females).3. The academic year of 2004 - 2005.Procedures : The study population was limited to ( 28 ) preparatory schools ( males and females ) in the center of the Basrah city. The sample was randomly chosen and was ( 25 % ) from the population and the number of the students was ( 442).Instrtnnents and statistical 1nethods : Two instruments were used in order to accomplish the purposes of this study, first is the scale of parents treatment and vocational interests list. In order to get validity of the instruments, content and face validity were used as well as item analysis. (Thetest - Re - test) was used to get the instruments reliability. Both instruments were found valid and reliable so the next step was application.The statistical computation used to get the results were percentage , the mathematical mean , the standard deviation , persons correlation coefficient.The finding can be summarized as the followings : 1. There were significant differences between thesample according to the variables of sex and field of especially on both instruments. 2.There was relationship between the sample parents treatments and most of their vocational interests.Recommendation and Suqqestions : The researcher recommends the following.I.School counselors must be pervaded to construct programs that could help students to be which motivate them to make their vocational Interests.2.Higher education Institution must develop a new policy selecting students to collages by using some aptitude interests tests.It has been suggested that : A - A similar study must be mad in different areas of the country.B - Using the vocational Interest Inventory and parents treatments scales by school counselors in planning their Interests programs.

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بناء وتقنين اختبار التخيل العقلي لدى طلبة الجامعة == Constricting And Standardizing A Mental Imagination Test For The University Students

Author name: ميسون ظاهر رشاد

Supervisor name: احسان عليوي ناصر الدليمي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: The of any test in a country requires ensuring its suitabilitjr for the new aplicat environment as it is influenced by the culture of the given country or by the theoretical perspective of the society in which it is prepared. Thu.s this tesearch aims to construct a standardized test for the mental imagination for urtiversit : yrtudents • So the research aims are the following : Constnicting the imagination test for the university studelttS. Standardizing the imagination test and deriving norms for it. - Identifying level of mental imagination of urtiversity students according to the variables of sex and specialization •To achieve the research aims the researcher chose the sample ·f the research from Univetsities students by the random stratified ,ethod The sample includes (1004) male and feniale students from.aghdad. Mustansiryah and Technology Universities. By the random stratified method. The Reaserther the ental imagination test Construct on test the theory of ( NILE , 87) and on the classical theory in psyc)lological measurement •· e researcher adopted the self - report technique making the item cl. determined five alternatives for the test which give 4 , 3, 2, 1 , '\ ·arks.The test in its initial form consists of items distributed in eight fields tactile imagination , tasting imagination , smellingimagination , motor kmetic in : tagination visual imaginatiotJ a : ttd in : tagination hering visual imagination organic biological imagination •The test was introduced to several experts to ensute the validity of the items and their fields, and chi - square was used a$ astatistic method to identify the valid items. as aresult 82 items ere kept distributed on the eight fields • The test was then applied n the statistic al analysis sample which inchtded 500 male and emale students Item discrimination is calculated by using the two xtreme groups method , and item Validity coefficient by finding he correlatio11 - coefficient of each item with the total test score.ccotding to this procedure 70 items were kept distributed on the ight fields The researcher also used the relation ship between the · em score and the score to of the field which it belongs and found ttt the matrixe of correlations between the fields.The Psychometric features were verified represented in the dityand reliability of the test by use of face validity ,logical. 'dicy and construct v~dity. The reliabilicy was calculated by t w 'methods : two - way a : ttalysis of variance and test - retest ethod.The norms of the scores of the mental imagination test pie (which includes 1004 male and female stp.dents) were rived. Thus the percentile norn : ts were found out according to ·and specialization In the analysis of results and in the procedures of this research some statistical methods were used (such as chi - squate ,t - test for two independent samples ,two - way ANOVA Pearson correlation coeffient percentile ranks ,t - test for one sample )The research has arrived at constructing amental imagination test for university students and deriving percentile ranks for to make comparisons of two or more persons.The imagination level of university students has reached to the level of the theoretical mean of the test However ,the scientific specialization was superior to the humanities specialization in the imagination level.Finally in the light of the study finding t~e researcher has made some recommendations and suggestion.

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التوجهات القيمية للذات والاخر لدى طلبة الجامعة

Author name: رفعت عبد الله جاسم

Supervisor name: ابراهيم عبد الحسن الكناني

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychology

Degree: Doctorate

University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Literature - Department Of Psychology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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التوافق وعلاقتة بالرضا عن الحياة لدى المسنين المقيمين في دور الدولة للرعاية الاجتماعية

Author name: عبد القادر رحيم الانصاري

Supervisor name: فاضل عبد الزهرة الحمداني

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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اثر برنامج ارشادي اسري في تخفيف الضغوط عن ذوي الاطفال المصابين بالسرطان == The Effect Of A Family Counseling Programme On Reducing Stresses Among Parents Of Children With Cancer

Author name: عبد المحسن عبد الحسين خضير

Supervisor name: فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل | جنان غالب حسن

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: he thesis aims to : 1 - show the importance of the psychological counseling I differentfields of life as rach of applied psychology.2 - Preset a scale to diagnose pressures I children with cancer.3 - Preset a new style I family counseling that cane made use of to encounter symptoms that result from pressures and other problems. 4 - Show how rare family studies are. The study adds a qualitative and qualitative addition to the previous studies I this field.5 - Show the future importance of such studies for researchers I the field of counseling and children with cancer.6 - Draw the attention of health establishments to use psychological counseling programmes with the patients and their families tomaintain their psychological health. The tools of the research includes the construction of a Stresses scale hich is valid and reliable. A pre test and a post test are used to identify he sample of the study in both groups. The study includes the onstruction of a family counseling programme with some group essions. It includes some selective techniques like giving instructions, iscussion, positive reinforcement, phaticcomm dramatization, union, roblem solving practice, rephrasing and self esteem practice. The rogramme lasts for one month and 24 days with 15 group sessions; two essions per week. Each session takes 45 minutes except for session one hich takes 60 minutes. The procedures of the study are determined to ee its effectiveness in achieving its aims. The postponed test is applied fter 21 days after the end of the programme to ensure the continuation of he effect of the programme. Statistics used includes Man Whitney test, ilcox test, Chi square, Pearson formula, T - test for two independent amples, Alpha - Kronbach formula and median.Statistical interpretation shoes positive changers concerning parents ith pressures during the period between the pre - test and the post - test ith significant difference in favour of those who participate in the rogramme. The experimental group are better than the control group ho have not participated in the programme. The postponed test shows he continuation of the effect of the programme. The researcher arrives at ome conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.Mandatory counseling, which is used in this research, represents one f the most effective tools in dealing with family pressures. The esearcher makes use of different techniques in counseling. It is agreed pon that there is no comprehensive theory that can interpret and analyze he individual's behaviour and motives and can deal with all his living d cultural needs.Accordingly, the research aims at investigating the Stresses found in he sample of the study according to a scale which is constructed for this urpose. Moreover, a counseling and a psychological programme 1s onstructed to see its effect concerning its purpose.The researcher adopts the experimental approach and the experimental esign for the experimental group and the control group with pre and post ests. A sample with cancer infected children is chosen. They suffer from tresses and they are all registered in the oncology department in Basrah rom 2003 to 2007. All of them are regular patients from the southern rovinces in 2008 at the department and are willing to participate in the ounseling programme. They are randomly classified into two groups : xperimental and control with l 0 individuals of parents in each.

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بناء برنامج ارشادي للطلبة المستفيدين في دور الدولة للرعاية الاجتماعية == Constructing A Counseling Programme For The Beneficiary Students In The Social State Care Institutions

Author name: عبد الكريم زاير رسن الموزاني

Supervisor name: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي | فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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التحصيل القرائي وعلاقته بالصعوبات في بعض العمليات العقلية لدى تلاميذ صفوف التربية الخاصة

Author name: يحيى شاهين حمادي

Supervisor name: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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اضطرابات ما بعد الضغوط الصدمية وعلاقتها بالتفكير التجريدي بعد الحرب لدى طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة

Author name: عبد السجاد عبد عبد السادة البدران

Supervisor name: شاكر مبدر جاسم | عقيل ابراهيم الصباغ

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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دراسة مقارنة لبعض المتغيرات النفسية والاجتماعية والتربوية بين المتفوقين عقليا والعاديين من طلبة الصف الرابع الاعدادي

Author name: فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل

Supervisor name: حسين نوري الياسري

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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حاجة المدارس الابتدائية للارشاد التربوي من وجهة نظر معلماتها == The Need Of Primary School For Educational Counseling By The Its Teacher Point Of View

Author name: عطار محمد سعيد سلمان السبتي

Supervisor name: فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: The Importance of the Research and The need for it : Always, There is no one denies the importance education in the socially and economically development as it is a means aims to prepare the person for the life. The modern education at the present time did not considered with the knowledge only but also concentrated its attention on the growth of the person alone so that the care with the personality of the educated person and his integration growth as an active member reacts with his environments and prepare him for the professional life and directing him to the profession relevant with his abilities, capacities and trends of the objectives the basic education (Dawood, 1984 : PP. : 129 - 130). The Primary Stage is concerned with a little part of this task which impose to consider it as an important stage within the educational stages. The Objectives of the Research : This research aims to : 1. Identify the level of counseling requirement at the primary school as per the following fields : a. Scholastic Field.b. Psychological field.c. Field of treatment manner used with the child.d. Sociology Field.e. Evaluation Field.f. Health Field2. Identify the types of counseling requirement types which arc in need to the presence of the educational counseling at the primary school as per the level of requirements for it in general and for each field of the I questionnaire separately. Identify the need of school primary for the educational counselor fro the teachers' points of view. The Scope of ResearchThis present research is determined by : 1. Primary Schools in Baghdad Governorates within Al - Rusafa and Al - Karkh Sectors.2. Girls schools only for the academic year 2003 - 2004. Methods : This questionnaire is applied on 500 female teachers from the primary schools in Baghdad governorate upon a pattern of 44. the final questionnaire is applied on a pattern of 500 female teachers from Baghdad and its suburbs after analyzing the answers of the teacher as per its repetition answers. It is got 78 phrase distributed on six fields (scholastic, profession, psychology, treatment manner used with the child, the social, environmental and health fields.)Statistical Means : It is arranged the fields of questionnaire using the probability means equation to explain the severity of this problem as it is used the percentage weights of the repetitions of the three alternatives as it is arranged the items on the field decently as per the means of the severity and the weight to verify the stability of the tools as well as arranging the items at the questionnaire in general as per the means of severity and percentage weights to confirm the stability of the tool notably it is used Person Coefficient.Results It is shown from analyzing the answers of the female teachers that the difficulties for which they expressed in the open and closed questionnaire are very much in its number as it is attached in the severity and the views of the female teachers are in vicinity of the vieV\'S of the teachers, headmasters , and Associate Headmasters in determining the most difficulties and repetitions which are divided into the fileds : (scholastic, profession, psychology, treatment manner used with the child, the social, environmental andhealth fields.) which is discussed in the last part of the thesis. Number of problems and the increase of its severity confirm clearly the real need for the counseling at the primary schools which may be increditable at the primary, intermediate and secondary schools. This case confirms that percentage showed that the consent of this need is 87°/o. Also, the severity is high in the problem of anxiety feeling in their scholastic life related with facing the problem of professionally , psychology and scholastic modification as well as the increased severity in respect of the problem of Knowledge and discovering like as it needs the more of reviews and studying objectives concerning considering the individual differences in comprehending the scholastic subjects and their academic qualifications. Extending the difficulties and problems assists inproviding a good aspect for the educational counselor to perform his duties at the primary school providing his counseling service such as pursuing the concerns of thethose who are delayed in their study , the top and superiors , and specialties who have many absence days , the orphans in addition to provide the attention to the social, artistic activities and cooperation between the counselor, the teaching staff and the administration.There arc some services in the field of psychological counseling summarized by caring and individual pursuing for the emergency cases in which the student needs the assistance of the counselor regarding to interviewing the sons of criminals, orphans and those who missed their parents or one of them and identify the ways of their modification and scholastic situations.

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تقييم كتب العلوم والتربية الصحية للمرحلة الابتدائية في ضوء تنميتها للاتجاهات العلمية

Author name: خليل ابراهيم رسول

Supervisor name: رؤوف عبد الرزاق حسن

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Educational Psychology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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بناء اداة لقياس الخجل لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة المتوسطة

Author name: ثابت حسن جمعة الجبوري

Supervisor name: فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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بناء ادارة لقياس الحاجات الاساسية لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة المتوسطة == Constructing A Scale For Measuring Essenti Al Needs Of The Pupils At Intermediate Stage

Author name: عبد الكريم خلف ساجت المالكي

Supervisor name: فاضل عبد الزهرة مزعل

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: An individual's need ofte indicat1;<~ in sufficieny ; and such insufficiency or need needs to be satisfied in some ways according to the importance of such a need. If the need is not satisfied, it will be an obstacle for an individual to achieveharmong with other people. Moreover , it affects him physioloically and psychologically and it will become an unhealthy condition. Knowing such needs requires availability of objective scales for measuring these needs.The study aims at constructing a scale for measuring the essential needs of the pupils at the intern1ediate stage. To my know ledge such a scale is not available upto now to measure essential needs. Hopefully this study includes the pupils at intermediate stage ( males and females ). It covers those who live Basrah city - centre for the a cademic year 2003 - 2004.The educational scale of the study has been designed upon Like1i's method since a number of alternatives can be supplied and the pupils can choose the option that seem fit or right.When the process C<?ucerned has been evaluated for the first (92) items have been formed to represent essential needs for the pupils who may respon according to 1 ( dueto ) Likert' s n1ethod "Vhich depends on three alternatives ( choices ). These itemshave been shown to· son1e professionals in psychology and educational counseling. Ten items have been eliminated due to the advice of such professionals. The scale finally has been formed including ( 82 ) items. Each respondent ( sbubject) was required to choose the alternative that he believs to be right. (420) papers (copies) of the question aire have been distributed to the subjects. Only ( 20 ) papers have been excluded for being in complete. So the number of the papers was ( 400) : All these papers have been statistically 2.naly sed. After aualysing all items and finding their significance , validity of the scale used has been proved through face validity and s tatistical one while LI reliability of the scale has been calculated by retesting another ri experimental group of pupils after certain peviod ofti1ne (about W 15 days ) between the two tests.The results of the study have shown that the - educational scale used vvas quite valid and reliable in measuring the essential needs of the pupils at intermediate stage. Thus, such a scale can be applied by the researchers and professionals to compare andmeasure essential needs of the pupils at Intermediate schools.

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الاضطرابات السلوكية وعلاقتها بالتنشئة الاسرية لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة

Author name: طالب سرحان شفيق المالكي

Supervisor name: مظفر عبد الصمد عبد الرزاق

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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الاستيعاب وعلاقته ببعض العمليات المعرفية الاساسية لدى طلبة الجامعة

Author name: عباس مرير وسيج

Supervisor name: عامر حسن ياسر المهنا

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Author name: فرحان عباس فرحان

Supervisor name: سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي

General topic: Psychology

Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

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Abstract: The study of psychological health is considered very important to the human behavior. In addition to the harmony among people because of the effect it has on the nature of the social relationships and individual's ability to produce and create.The researcher studied the educational councellors in Basra}l because they should have perfect psychological health. Since they help and guide pupils.The problem There is no real practical scale that can determine the properties which the counselor should have and the level of his psychological health and his proficiency to work as educational counselor.The Importance of The Study The study will contribute to the educational process and it willl help in the evaluation of the counsellor's psychological health through which counceling takes place. The Aim of The Study The study aims at the following : I - constructing a scale for the psychological health of the i educational counsellors in Basrah.2 - Application the measurement of psychological health of the educational counsellor.3 - Measuring the level of the psychological health of the counsellors in Basrah.4 - Realizing the level of the psychological health of the sample's individuals according to the sex variables (male - female) and service period (Jess than ten years - more than ten years).5 - Are there differences of statistical significance in the level of the psychological health in accordance with the study variables? Limits of The Study The study is limited to a sample of 71 male and female counsellors in Basrah for the academic year 2001 - 2002. ProcedureA questionaire was distributed a sample of20 counsellors in he schools of the centrs and outskirts of Bas rah in order to arrive at he health whether they are negative or positive. The same uestionaire was handed out to three senior psyciatrics in Basrah.e items were modified then according to the in complete A triodic scale was determined according to always, sometimes and rarely : 3, 2, 1 respectively. Then the reliability tes~ was used.Results The study has arrived at the fact that counsellors possess a cceptarole psychological health. Recommendations The study has arrived at son1e recommendations : I - Conduct the same study in other provinces.2 - Conducting other studies that take into consideration the sex factor and experience.Suggestions I - Holding conferences to counsellors.2 - Holding cultural and qualification workshaps.3 - Making use of the following scale in appointing counsellors.4 - Asserting the importance of the psychological health of the educational counsellors.

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