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تحضير عدد من مشتقات الادوية الجديدة لحامض الاسكوربيك وسكر الرايبوز وقياس تاثير هذه المركبات على فعالية انزيم اللايبيز والكولين استريز == Preparation A Number of New Drug From The Derivatives From Ascorbic Acid And Ribose And Study The Effect of These Compounds on The Activity of Lipase And Cholinesterase

اسم المؤلف: محمد يونس حمادي حسين
اسم المشرف: نزار احمد ناجي | فراس طاهر ماهر
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this study, the preparation of a number of new drugs from the derivatives of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and ribose have been done through the formation of esters of these compounds. The tetra - acid esters of ribose have been obtained with mefenamic acid and methyldopa and aspirin during treatment of mefenamic acid, methyldopa and aspirin chlorides with ribose. The tetra - ester of ascorbic acid with ampicillin has also been obtained through the reaction of ampicillin chloride with ascorbic acid. The Products have been diagnosed by infrared spectroscopy (IR).The effect of four products has been studied on lipase activity compared with metronidazole benzoate as ester on lipase activity. The results showed that the highest activity of the enzyme was when tetra aspirin ester of ribose was used (2.36 Cherry - Crandall’s unit) and the lowest activity (1.37 Cherry - Crandall’s unit) when using tetra ampicillin ascorbic acid ester. Other compounds showed a slight increase in lipase activity.The effect of four compounds have been studied on cholinesterase activity, the results showed that tetra ampicillin ester is the highest effect to increase cholinesterase activity

دراسة طيفية وثرموديناميكية لعدد من معقدات انتقال الشحنة المشتقة من تفاعل 3 - ميثوكسي - 4 - هيدروكسي بنزلديهايد وعدد من الامينات الاروماتية مع عدد من المستقبلات الالكترونية == Spectral And Thermodynamic Studies for A Number of Charge Transfer Complexes Derived From The Reaction of 3 - Methoxy - 4 - Hydroxy Benzaldehyde And Number of Aromatic Amine With A Number of Electron Acceptors

اسم المؤلف: اماني اياد حسين علي
اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن خضير عبد الحسين الطائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الجزء الاول : وفيه تم تحضير تسعة من قواعد شف المشتقة من 3 - ميثوكسي - 4 هيدروكسي بنزلديهايد وعدد من الامينات الاروماتية متمثلة بالانيلين والانيلين المعوض ب ( 2 - هيدروكسي، 4 - هيدروكسي، 2 - امينو، 4 - امينو، 2 - كربوكسي، 4 - كربوكسي، 2 - نيترو، 4 | This work divided into three parts which is dealt with study of charge transfer complexes. Nine Schiff bases used in this work were prepared by mixing (1 : 1) mole 3 - methoxy 4 - hydroxy benzyldehyde and the corresponding aromatic amines (aniline ,2_hydroxy aniline , 4_hydroxy aniline , 2_amino aniline , 4_amino aniline ,2_carboxy aniline , 4_carboxy aniline , 2_nitro aniline , 4_nitro aniline).The electronic spectra in absolute ethanol solvent were used to study the intermolecular charge - transfer complexes between the considered Schiff bases as charge donor and five charge accepter molecules.Three of them are non - acidic acceptors such as (dinitro benzene DNB , Trinitro benzene TNB and Iodine I2 ) , another two are weak - acidic acceptors (Trinitro phenol TNP and p - nitro phenol p - NP ).The equilibrium constant of the CT complexes have been calculated by applying the Benesi - Hildebrands equation for (1x10 - 4 : 1x10 - 5 M) Schiff base : Acceptors concentration ratio. The equilibrium constants for complexes formation which are ranging between (1250 - 3000 mol - 1. dm3) with Iodine, (800 - 6000 mol - 1. dm3) with dinitro benzene, (833 - 4500 mol - 1. dm3 ) with trinitro benzene, (1000 - 5555 mol - 1. dm3 ) with para nitro phenol, (1000 - 6250 mol - 1. dm3) with Trinitro phenol ,The extinction coefficients have been determined were (3333 - 25000 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with Iodine, (3333 - 25000 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with DNB, (1111 - 20000 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with TNB, (1111 - 20000 L. mol - 1.cm - 1) with p - NP , (2000 - 33333 L.mol - 1.cm - 1) with TNP.The ionization potential (Ip) of these bases also have been determined and are (6.02 - 8.90 e.V) with Iodine ,(11.6 - 14.15 e.V ) with Dinitro benzene (8.10 - 9.20 e.V) with trinitro benzene , (8.57 - 9.64 e.V) with Para nitro phenol ,(6.26 - 8.15 e.V) with Trinitro phenol for the Schiff base association constant , It way noticed that the values of all the physical parameters of CTC and Schiff bases are affected by the substituted group due to the increases or decreases in the stability of the carbonium ion character of the azomethane.The another part of this work deals with study of the effect of temperature on the value of equilibrium constant KCT in the range (298 - 318)0k for charge - transfer complex formations in addition the values of ?H , ?G0 and ?S0 of the CT complexes were calculated from the dependence of KCT upon the temperature , The negative values of the enthalpy which proves that the formation of CTC are exothermic and could occur spontaneously.Finally , the third part of this work deals with studying the kinetic of formation and decomposition of the CTC in ethanol.The results indicated , the more stable CTC decomposes slower whatever was the nature of the acceptors , and the rate constant for formations and decompositions followed first order.

تحضير بعض بوليمرات قواعد شف ودراسة التشويب والتوصيلية الكهربائية لها == Synthesis And Characterization of Some Poly Schiff Base And Study Their Doping And Electrical Conductivity

اسم المؤلف: عمار فراس ابراهيم الدليمي
اسم المشرف: عماد طه بكر التكريتي | علي طه علي السامرائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتناول البحث تحضير المونومير ثنائي الامين (M1) الناتج من تفاعل 4 - امينو اسيتو فينون مع التيرفثالدهايد بطريقة تحضير الجالكونات وكذلك تحضير سبع بوليمرات من نوع بولي قواعد شف اذ استعمل ثنائي الامين (M1) في تحضير البوليمر (I) من خلال عملية تكاثف مع التيرفثال | This research handles preparation of seven polymers of poly Schiff bases , and The di amin (M1) has been prepared from reaction of 4 - amino acetophenone with terphthaldehyde by Chalcons preparing method , where terphthaldehyde was used to prepare ( VI , V , VII ) polymers through condensation with di amines { 2,6 - di amino pyridine , 4 - amino phenyl sulfone , di amino malono nitrile } , also phtaldehyde was used to prepare ( VII , IV ) polymers by condensation with di amines ( 2,6 - diamino pyridine , 4 - amino phenyl sulfone ) , and isophthaldehyde was used in preparation of polymer (III) by condensation with { 2,6 - di amino pyridine } and below is the structure of the prepared di amine (M1). All polymers have been characterized by FT - IR technique , and some of them were characterized by CHN and 1H - NMR , Pellets preparing of all polymers where prepared with thickness range (0.97 - 0.75) with range pressure (1000 - 2000) Kg\cm2 , and then a Volume Electric doped Conductivity has been measured for the samples in their pure and doped state by using different dopants (Iodine , Ferric chloride , Zinc chloride , and p - toluene sulphonic acid) , with different mole percentage , and also The Iodine doping was carried out by vaporization tecnique , electrical conductivity of polymers have been found in pure state (fist polymer to seven polymer) as follows : ( 1.19 - 11 , 1.22E - 11 , 2,76E - 11 , 3.00E - 11 , 2.28 E - 11, 2.33E - 10 , 8.00E - 11 ) the highest value for conductivity was for polymer ( VI ) which reached 2.33E - 10 , while the highest conductivity for the doped polymers was by using dopant iodine and reach to 9.66E - 6. the effect of changing the substitution benzene and the effect of dopants on increasing conductivity of polymers where the most effective factors for increasing the conductivity.

دراسة بايوكيميائية وجزيئية لتاثير مرض السكري من النوع الثاني على مستوى الهوموسيستين وعلاقته بالجين (SHMT1C1420T) == Biochemical And Molecular Study on The Effect of Diabetes Type II on Homocysteine Level And Its Relationship With Gene (SHMT1C1420T)

اسم المؤلف: حسام داود عبد الله
اسم المشرف: نزار احمد ناجي | عقيل حسين علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء اللاعضوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذا البحث تم تحضير واستخدام ليكاندين من مشتقات ال 2 - مركبتوبنزاميدازول وهما 2 - بنزويل ثايو بنزاميدازول (L1) و2 - ) بارا نايتروبنزويل ) ثايوبنزاميدازول (L2) لتحضير نوعين من المعقدات احدهما بوجود الليكاند المشترك phenanthroline (L') 1,10 - مع ايونات ا | IN this work Two of 2 - mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives ligands 2 - benzoyl thiobenzimiazole (L1) and 2 - (p - nitrobenzoyl) thiobenzimiazole (L2) were prepared and used to synthesize two types of transition metal complexes ; One of the set of complexes was prepared in presence of a co - ligand 1,10 - phenanthroline(L') with the metal ions V(IV), Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II), the other set of complexes was prepared with the heavy metal ions Rh(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) using conventional method. These ligands and their metal complexes were isolated and characterized in solid state using FT - IR, UV - Vis spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 1H, 13C - NMR, flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis C.H.N.S. and magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as melting point and conductivity measurements. The nature of bonding between the metal ion and the donor atoms of the ligands was demonstrated through the calculation of Racah parameter and other ligand field parameters, which were calculated using suitable Tanabe - Sugano diagrams. The nature of some (L2) complexes in liquid state was studied by following the molar ratio method which gave results approximately identical compared with those obtained from the isolated in the solid state; also, stability constants of the prepared complexes were studied , they were stable in the molar ratio 1 : 1.According to the results of the above measurements, the following shapes were suggested for the prepared complexes : Complexes of mixed ligands (L1 with L') : All complexes have an Oh geometry except V(IV) complex has a square pyramid geometry. Complexes of ligand (L2) : Complexes of Rh(III), Pd(II) and Au(III) have a square planar geometry, while Pt(IV) complex has an Oh geometry.A theoretical treatment of the ligands and the prepared complexes in gas phase was done using two programs; Hyperchem - 8 and Gaussian program (GaussView Currently Available Versions (5.0.9) along with Gaussian 09 which is the latest in the Gaussian series of programs).Hyper chem. - 8 program used the molecular mechanics and semi - empirical calculation, the heat of formation (?H?f), binding energy (?Eb) dipole moment (µ) for the free ligands and their metal complexes were calculated using ZINDO/1, PM3 and AMBER methods at 298 K. It was found that the complexes were more stable than their ligands; furthermore, the electrostatic potential of free ligands was calculated to investigate the reactive site of the molecules, PM3 was used to evaluate the vibrational spectra of free ligands ,the obtained frequencies agreed well with those values experimentally found; in addition, the calculation helped to assign unambiguously the most diagnostic bands.Electronic spectra measurements for the ligands were calculated theoretically using ZINDO/S method comparing it with the experimental results. It was found that there was a closely relationship between the theory and experimental spectra.Gaussian program semi - empirical (PM3) method which used in order to calculate : the geometry optimization, dipole moment (?),total energy ,electrostatic potential, ELUMO and EHOMO was obtained, evaluate the vibrational spectra of free ligands and these obtained frequencies agreed well with those values experimentally found.Also electronic spectra measurements for the ligands were calculated theoretically by using the job type : Single point energy (SP) along with ZINDO method and also the job type frequency (Freq) used along with CIS method (3 - 21G).

تحضير وتشخيص بعض مركبات قواعد شف الحلقية الجديدة ودراسة انتقائية معقداتها وبوليمراتها الكلابية == Synthesis And Characterization of Some New Heterocyclic Schiff Bases And The Study of Their Metal Ions Selectivity Complexes And Chelating Polymers

اسم المؤلف: دينا سعدي احمد مخلف الفلاحي
اسم المشرف: علي طه علي السامرائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن هذه الدراسة تحضير مشتقات الاوكسادايازول (4,2,1 و4,3,1) ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية لبعضها وذلك بتحضير المركب 2 - امينوثايازول حامض الخليك (1) من تفاعل 2 - امينوثايازول مع كلورو حامض الخليك في الايثانول المطلق ثم تحضير معوضات الاميدواوكزيم (6 - 2) ا | This study deals with the synthesis of (1,2,4 & 1,3,4 - ) Oxadiazole compounds and evaluation their biological activity.The synthesis was outlined as follows : - 1 - 2 - aminothiazole acetic acid (1) was prepared through the reaction of 2 - aminothiazole with chloroacetic acid.2 - Some new amidoxime derivatives (2 - 6) were synthesized by the reaction of substituted aromatic nitriyle with hydroxylamine hydrochloride.3 - the reaction of compound(2 - 6) with 2 - aminothiazole acetic acid (1) in the presence of (DCC) afforded compounds (7 - 11) namlly; N - O - (subs) amidoximyl - thiazol - 2 - yl - amino carboxylate. cyclo dehydration reactions of compounds(7 - 11) by heating yielded the corresponding1,2,4 - oxadiazol (12 - 16).4 - 5 - pyridyl - 1,3,4 - oxadiazole - 2 - thiol (17) was prepared by the reaction of Nicotinic acid hydrazide with carbondisulfide (CS2) in alcoholic(KOH).5 - Reaction of compound (17) with aryl halides in the presence of alcoholic(KOH)yielded the corresponding thioethers (18 - 25). 6 - Some hydrazone derivatives (28 - 30) were prepared by the condensation reaction of benzoic acid hydrazide (27) with appropriale aromatic aldehyde , these hydrazone were cyclized to the corresponding1,3,4 - oxadiazoles (31 - 33) using(PbO2) in glacial acetic acid. These compounds were characterized by asins available spectroscopic methods (UV,IR and NMR) , the spectral data obtained are combatable with the structures assigned to these compounds , some of these compounds were tested againstThis study also include the evaluation of biological activity of some prepared (12,13,14,15,16,18,19,20,21,23,24,25,31,32&33) on the growth of four types of pathogenic bacteria , (Escherichia coli, pseudomonas auruginosa, klebsela pneumoniae (gram negative) and staphylococcus aurous (gram positive) ).The results abtained are shown in tables (22 - 24).

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية والمناعية في النساء المجهضات خلال الثلث الاول من الحمل == Study of Some Biochemical And Immunological Parameters in Abortifacient Women During First Trimester of Pregnancy

اسم المؤلف: انتصار فاضل مصطفى
اسم المشرف: صباح حسين خورشيد | نزار احمد ناجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الرسالة تحضير العامل المساعد اوكسيد الزنك بطريقة الترسيب وقد تم تشخيصه بوساطة تقنية حيود الاشعة السينية XRD)) والاشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR) والاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية (..(UV - Vis تم دراسة تاثير درجة حرارة التلدين على الفعالية الضوئية لاوكسيد الزن | This work included preparation of zinc oxide by precipitation method. characterization of sample prepared work by using X - Ray Diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectra (FTIR) and Ultraviolet - visible spectra (UV - Vis). The effect of calcination temperature was studied on the photo activity of zinc oxide and physical properties such as surface area and porosity and density. The results showed that annealing temperature 773K was the best for the preparation of zinc oxide , which gave a good physical properties. The adsorption of Alizarin gelb dye (A.G) on the surface of zinc oxide was studied and it was found that the equilibrium time required was 30 min.. The kinetics of photo reaction of dye was studied in the presence of catalyst and oxygen through the irradiation of the dye solution by medium pressure mercury lamp at a temperature of 298 K and it was found that the order of reaction was first order. The optimum conditions for photooxidation of the dye was determined by studying several factors such us : dye concentration at the range (30 - 70) mg/L and it was found the optimum concentration was 40 mg/L , weight of zinc oxide at the range (0.05 - 0.9) g and it was found that the optimum weight was 0.3 g , pH of the medium at the range (3 - 11) and it was found that the optimum pH was 8 , different oxidants (potassium dichromate, potassium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide) and it was found that the highest percentage of dye decolorization was by using of hydrogen peroxide, The effect of doping transition metal ions (Co2+,Ni2+,Cu+2) it was found that undoping zinc oxide possessed higher activity from doped oxide , Effect presence of support materials such as (alumina, silica, bentonite, activated charcoal) on the dye decolorization and it was found that the higher percentage was by using activated charcoal.

دراسة طيفية لعدد من معقدات انتقال الشحنة لقواعد شف وحركيات الانحلال الضوئي للقواعد == Spectral And Photo Decay Kinetic Study for A Number of Charge - Transfer Complexes of Schiff Bases

اسم المؤلف: بشرى كامل نجم الفراجي
اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن خضير عبد الحسين الطائي | نشوان عمر رشيد تبة باشي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The thesis included the preparation of a number of new compounds derived from coumarin. In the first stage was to prepare two of the main compensators coumarin and published by preparation methods known , It was the preparation of compound 3 - acetyl coumarin [70] via Biginelli condensing and through reaction Salicyladehyde with ethyl acetoacetate in existence Piperidine. also prepared compound 3 - Carbomethoxy coumarin [85] in the same way by reaction Salicyladehyde with dimethyl malonate in existence Piperidine.Then, depending on the substituted groups in the two compounds [70] , [85] was the synthesis of other derivatives, namely : 1. Prepare derivatives [71] , [72]through reaction compound [70] with Phenyl hydrazine to produce derivative [71] or with 4 - Nitrophenyl hydrazine to produce derivative [72].2. Prepare derivatives [73] , [74] by Fischer reaction and through treatment of derivatives [71],[72] with poly phosphoric acid to produce a derivatives [73] , [74]respectively.3. Prepare derivatives [75] , [76] by Vilsmeier - Heack reaction and that the treatment derivatives [71] [72], with a mix of (DMF / POCl3) to produce a derivatives[75] , [76] respectively.4. Prepare derivatives [77] , [78] through reactance derivatives [71] , [72] with Copper acetate aquatic in acidic medium to produce a derivatives [77] , [78] respectively.5. prepare a series of derivatives [79 - 84] by Biginelli reaction and through treatment of compound [70] with a number of substitute aromatic aldehydes and urea in acidic medium and get on derivatives [79 - 84].6. prepare a series of derivatives [86 - 88] through reaction compound [85] with a number of primary aromatic amines in acidic medium and get on derivatives [86 - 88].7. prepare a series of derivatives [89 - 92] through reaction compound [85] with Piperazine and its derivatives in the acidic medium and get derivatives [89 - 92].In addition in this research was assigned the structures of some new derivatives via spectroscopic methods (FT - IR) and (1H NMR) and (13C NMR) and (HSQC, HMBC) in addition to accurate analysis of the elements (CHN), has demonstrated diagnostic studies the success of the chemical reactions and the health of chemical compositions of the derivatives prepared.As has been the study of biological effectiveness of some prepared compounds and the results showed a difference in their effect on bacteria and fungi, it was found that most of the derivatives prepared possess biological activity in the killing and inhibition of bacteria (E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus), as well as fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger) so as to contain aldehyd and hydroxyl groups and fluorine atoms, chlorine, and heterogeneous episodes that make these derivatives are more effective than the base compound in inhibiting and killing bacteria.

تحضير بعض مشتقات المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة المتضمنة حلقات رباعية وخماسية وسباعية وحلقة البايرازولين وتقييم تاثيرها على انواع مختلفة من البكتريا والفطريات == Synthesis of Some Deriativel Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Four, Five, Seven - Membered Rings And Pyrazol - 5 - One And Evaluate The Biological Activity of Some Bacteria And Fungies

اسم المؤلف: هبة حمزة رشيد لطيف التكريتي
اسم المشرف: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن الدراسة عدة اجزاء : الجزء الاول : تحضير مجموعة من قواعد شف من تكثيف البنزلديهايدالمعوض بالمواقع بارا بمجاميع( بارا - برومو، بارا - كلورو، بارا - نايترو، بارا - N,N - ثنائي مثيل امينو بنزالديهايد ) مع معوضات الانلين المختلفة (بارا - امينو اسيتوفينو | This Work was accomplished through the following four part : Part one In this part nine Schiff bases derived from p - substituted benzaldehyde) with (p - bromo aniline , p - amino acetophenon, aniline, 2 - amino phenol were prepared.The electronic spectra in absolute ethanol solution were used to study the intermolecular charge - transfer complexes between the considered Schiff bases as charge donor , and iodine as charge acceptor molecules.The physical parameters of charge - transfer complexes were calculated by applying Bensi - Hildebrand equation. The equilibrium Constants for complexes formation were found to follow (3<4<9<6<7<8<5<1<2) arrangement. The energy of the complexes and extiztion coefficient were found to have the same arrangement shown above. The difference in the values of this physical properties are attributed to structural difference of the molecular (donating and withdrawing substituted groups). KCT values for the complexes were calculated from Bensi - Hildebrand equation and was found to fit the following arrangement ( 9<8<7<4<3<6<5<1<2 ), depending mainly on the types of substituted groups on aniline ring. Part Two Effect of temperature variation on equilibrium constant for the charge - transfer complexes formation were measured by applying Bensi - Hildebrand equation ,which used to estimate the thermodynamic parameter such as (?G0, ?S0 , ?H ) in absolute ethanol. Part Three The kinetic of the formation of charge - transfer complexes in absolute ethanol was studied.The results indicated that, the more stable charge - transfer complexes have higher rate constant formation and the kinetic of CTC was first order. Part Four Photo stability of (1 - 9) Schiff bases against direct sun light was investigated as solution in both ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO.The results indicated that, the rates of photo decay of the Schiff bases in ethanol were faster than in DMSO solvent and the photo decay kinetic was found to follow first order reaction in ethanol and second order in DMSO solution.

المتحسس الكهروكيميائي المعتمد على الاقطاب المطورة == Electro Chemical Sensor Based on Modified Electrodes

اسم المؤلف: مثنى سعيد علي كريم
اسم المشرف: سهام توفيق امين | عبد الرحمن خضيرعبد الحسين الطائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الدراسة تتضمن ثلاثة خطوات : - الخطوة الاولى : _ تحضير قواعد شيف (H1 - H15) التي تحتوي على موقع بارامع رسم المجموعات تحتوي على التحضيرات على التوالي في وسط متعادل خلال التفاعل بين مركبات الامينات الاروماتية ومعوضات البنزلديهايد في الايثانول المطلق. الخطوة | First step Schiff bases [H1 - 15] containing Para donating and with drawing groups have been prepared respectively in a neutral medium, through the reaction between aromatic amines compounds and substituted enz aldehyde in absolute ethanol. Second steppreparation of some of heterocyclic compounds include 3 - chloro - 2 - oxo - zetidine - 2 - one (H16 - 30) through its rection with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of tri ethyl amine in 1,4 - Dioxan and2 - (substituted aryl)thiozoldin - 4 - one (H31 - 40) is prepared from the reaction of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases in presence of zinc chloride in dry Benzene and2 - (sub.aryl) - 5,7 - di - one oxazipene (H41 - 50) are synthesized by cyclization of Schiff bases using malic anhydride in methanol.Third stepthis part of the research included the preparation of compounds similar to chalcones which are the phenyl propene amide derivatives by the condensation of acetanilide and substituted acetanilide with substituted benzadehydes The phenyl propene amide derivatives were reacted with hydrazaid(iso nazaid) is preparation of Pyrazoline compounds (H56 - 60) are synthesized from the reaction of chalcons (H50 - 55).The structures of the synthesized compounds were supported by means of (FTIR), (UV - Vis), (1H - NMR) and the results are agreement with the proposed structures assigned to the synthesized compounds. Study of the biological activity for prepared compounds The study also includes the biological activity for some of the prepared compounds against four kinds of germs which known by its resistance against antibiotics, these are the compounds (H18,H31,H35,H41,H42,H53,H5) are tested on four types of germs which cause illness and resist the antibiotic agents and these germs( Bacillus submits, E - coli, salmonella, Enter course)and study the biological activity for some of the activity using different concentration and different type of fungous The results showed prominent activity against these bacteria, the detailed antibacterial screening are reported in Table (15) and the Inhibition of the fungus screening are reported in Table (16).

التقدير الطيفي للترايفلوبيرازين والكلوربرومازين في المستحضرات الصيدلانية باستخدام تفاعلات الاكسدة == Spectrophotometric Determination of Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride And Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation By Oxidation Reactions

اسم المؤلف: عمر عدنان هاشم شريف ال ابليش
اسم المشرف: علي ابراهيم خليل الجبوري | محسن حمزة بكر
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study contained ageneral introduction about the Ion - Selective electrodes and ageneral introduction about Schiff's Base and the determination of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride (DPH) and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (PEH) and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride (METO) and Metformin Hydrochloride (METF ) drugs using new methods applying potentiometric (the first part) and using Schiff's Base as ionophor In ISES membranes ( the second part).The first part includes construction of membrane selective electrodes for DPH and PEH drugs based on complexation of drugs with Ammonium Reinckate (AR) and Phospho Molybdic acid (PMA) as an active substance using Di - n - Butyl phthalate (DBPH) as a plasticizers , poly vinyl chloride was used as a matrix for all electrodes.The Characters of each electrode were as follow : 1. For the Diphenhydramine - Ammonium Reinckate (DP - AR) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (4.5 - 6.5), (20 - 30?C), 10 - 2 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29.40) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9971, detection limit (8.88x10 - 7 M) and life time of the electrode was 34 days.2. For the Diphenhydramine - Phospho Molybdic acid (DP - PMA) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (4.5 - 6.5), (20 - 30 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29. 90) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9960, detection limit (6.8x10 - 8 M )and life time of the electrode was 40 days.3. For the Phenylephrine - Ammonium Reinckate (PE - AR) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (5 - 6), (25 - 30 ?C), 10 - 3 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29.8) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9990, detection limit (2.22x10 - 7 M) and life time of the electrode was 24 days.4. For the Phenylephrine - Phospho Molybdic acid (PE - PMA) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (5 - 6), (25 - 30 ?C), 10 - 3 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29.5mv\decade), correlation coefficient r= 0.9990, detection limit (4.87x10 - 7 M ) and life time of the electrode was 26 days.The second part includes the use of Schiff's Base as ionophor in ISES MembranesThe second part includes construction of membrane selective electrodes for METO and METF drugs based on complexation of drugs Schiff METO and Schiff METF as Ionophor with Phospho Molybdic acid (PMA) as an active substance using Nitro benzene (NB) and Di - n - Butyl phthalate (DBPH) as a plasticizers , poly vinyl chloride was used as a matrix for all electrodes.The Characters of each electrode were as follow : 1.For the Metoclopramide - Phospho Molybdic acid (Schiff’s METO - PMA) electrode using (NB) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (4 - 6), (20 - 35 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (19.90) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9970, detection limit (4.5x10 - 7 M) and life time of the electrode was 122 days.2.For the Metoclopramide - Phospho Molybdic acid (Schiff’s METO - PMA) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (4 - 6), (20 - 35 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively. The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29. 70) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9950, detection limit (3.83x10 - 7 M )and life time of the electrode was 108 days.3.For the Metformin - Phospho Molybdic acid (Schiff’s METF - PMA) electrode using (NB) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (5 - 6), (25 - 35 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29. 30) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9970, detection limit (3.87x10 - 7M )and life time of the electrode was 102 days.4.For the Metformin - Phospho Molybdic acid (Schiff’s METF - PMA) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (5 - 6), (25 - 35 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29. 10) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9980, detection limit (2.37x10 - 7 M )and life time of the electrode was 90 days

تحضير، تشخيص وتقييم بايولوجي لبعض الادوية المصاحبة المشتقة من بعض مضادات الالتهابات غير الستيرويدية == Synthesis , Characterization And Biological Evaluation of Some Prodrugs Derived From Non - Steroidal Anti - Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى راجي عايد حمد
اسم المشرف: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي | اياد سعدي حميد الدليمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجري هذا البحث لايجاد العلاقة بين العجز الكلوي المزمن ومستويات بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية عن طريق قياس مستوى انزيم الرينيين والفيوكوز الكلي (TF), الفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين (PBF) , البروتين المرتبطة بالسكريات السداسية (PBHex) وعدد من المتغيرات الكيموحيوية | This study has been done to determine the relationship between chronic renal failure and the level of some biochemical parameters (Rennin enzyme, Total Fucose(TF), Protein bound Fucose(PBF), protein bound Hexose (PBHex), and some other biochemical parameters including glucose , Urea, createnine, Uric acid, High density lipoproteins Cholestrol(HDL - c.), low density lipoproteins Cholestrol (LDL - c.) and electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Ca+2). Case study included (80) patients with chronic renal failure,Who admitted to the Kirkuk General Hospital Department of Dialysis , there ages were (31 - 60 years) of both sexes , patients has been divided into subgroups according to age {(31 - 35),(36 - 40),(41 - 45),(46 - 50),(51 - 550),(56 - 60)}year and severity compared with (45) normal persons as control with same ages, the results was as follows : Results showed a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of rennin enzyme (5.013±0.052 ng/mL.h) of patients before dialysis compared with control group (2.58±0.32 ng/mL.h) for different age groups, and there was a significant increase slightly for different age groups.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of TF and PBF (12.14±0.89 mg/dL),(7.450±0.18 mg/dL) respectively compared with control group (28.76±0.03 mg/dL), (2.26±0.27 mg/dL) respectively for different age groups, and there was no significant correlation between age groups or sex.There was significant decrease (P?0.01) in the level of protein bound hexose PBHex, (123.35±0.9 mg/dL) compared with control group (89.76±0.9 mg/dl) for different age groups, and there was no significant correlation between age groups or sex.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of glucose (5.072±0.13 mmol/L) compared with control group (7.03±0.46 mmol/L) for different age groups, and there was a significant increase for females (7.40±0.7 mmol/L) compared with males (6.84±0.4 mmol/L).There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of urea, uric acid and createnine, (5.66±0.24 mmol/L) , (336.5±1.4 mmol/L) , (90.8±1.3 mmol/L) respectively when compared with control group (34.27±0.9mmol/L) ,(516±1.8 mmol/L), (866±1.9 mmol/L) respectively for different age groups, and there was significant increase for males compared with females.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in K+ level (5.896±0.05mmol/L) compared with control group (4.253±0.12mmol/L) and there was no significant correlation for males compared with females.There was a significant decrease (P?0.01) in Na+, Ca+2 level, (2.317±0.044 mmol/L), (144.35±1.6mmol/L) respectively compared with control group (1.89±0.046 mmol/L) , (121.00±1.1mmol/L) respectively and there was no significant correlation for different age groups or males and females, while there was a a significant correlation for male (1.979±1.1mmol/L) compared with female (1.768±0.073mmol/L).Result showed a significant decrease in HDL_c in the serum of patients before dialysis (1.263±0.027 mmol/L) compared with control (0.701±0.014 mmol/L) and there was a significant increase in HDL - c for female group compared with male group.There was significant increase in LDL_c in the serum of patients before dialysis (2.946±0.019mmol/L) compared with control (5.1±0.68mmol/L) and there was a significant increase in LDL - c for female (6.30±1.3 mmol/L) compared with male group(5.076±0.023mmol/L).

تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات السكارين العضوية ومعقدات السكارين ومشتقاته الفوسفينية مع بعض الفلزات == Synthesis And Characterization Some of Organic Saccharin Derivatives And Metal Complexes of Saccharin And Its Phosphine Derrivative

اسم المؤلف: عفراء صابر شهاب الزوبعي
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الحسن احمد الكاظمي | صبحي عطية محمود الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير عدد من الادوية المصاحبة المشتقة من مضادات التهاب غير ستيرويدية تم الحصول عليها من معمل ادوية سامراء هي الايبوبروفين، الاندوميثاسين، النابروكسين، الاسبرين، الكابتوبريل والايزونوزايد. عملية تحوير ال | In this study, a number of prodrugs have been synthesized starting from Non - steroidal anti inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Naproxen, Aspirin, Captopril and Isoniazid. The modification process started from the conversion of carboxyl group which is existing in these drugs (except in Isoniazid) into esters, chlorides and acid hydrazide.The drugs have been linked to each other and to itself via amide linkage through the reaction of their acid chlorides and acid hydrazides to afford 1,2 - diacyl hydrazine derivatives(M17 - M27). Some acid hydrazides have been treated with isophthaloyl chloride to Benzene - 1,3 - dicarbo hydrazide - 1,3 - Bis substituent(M28 - M30). The same hydrazides have been treated with Benzen - 1,3,5 - tri carbonyl tri chloride to afford Benzen - 1,3,5 - tricarbhydrazide - 1,3 - Tris substituent (M31 - M33). Compounds M28 and M29 have been treated with POCl3 to afford Bis - substituent - 5 - phenyl - 1,3,4 - Oxadizole(M34 - M35). Another modification onto drugs has been done through the linking of these drugs with quinazoline nucleus through amide linkage to afford N - (4 - oxo - 2 - phenylquinazolin - 3(4H) - yl)amide - substit derivatives (M38 - M42). Another modification has been carried out through the reaction of hydrazides with Aromatic aldehydes to afford the mono hydrazide - hydrazones derivatives or Schiff's bases (M43 - M65) and di hydrazide - hydrazones derivatives in which two moles from hydrazide have been treated with one mole of dialdehyde(M66 - M73). In addition, new hydrazones have been synthesized through the reaction of hydrazides with Isatin nucleus which is well known as biological active center to afford the compounds (M74 - M77) with good biological activity. Benzodiazepines have been obtained through the reaction of Isoniazid hydrazones with glycene phthalimide and p - aminobenzoic acid(M82 - M92). Indomethacin hydrazones have been treated with acetic anhydride to afford 1 - [2 - (substituent) - 5 - (5 - methoxy - 2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - ylmethyl) - [1,3,4]oxadiazol - 3 - yl] - ethanone derivatives (93 - M97). The Derivatives of 5 - substit - 2 - Mercapto - 1,3,4 - Oxadiazole(M98 - M103) have been obtained through the reaction of the drug hydrazides with CS2 in the presence of KOH. The oxadizoles have been treated with hydrazine hydrate to afford 4 - amino - 5 - sub - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol derivatives for the Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs(M104 - M107). In addition, 5 - sub - 1,3,4 - Oxadiazole - 2 - amine derivatives have been obtained through the reaction of drug hydrazides with BrCN(M108 - M111). The compound 5 - {1 - [4 - (2 - methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl} - N3 - phenyl - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3,4 - diamine (M113) has been synthesized through the reaction of the compound 2 - {2 - [4 - (2 - methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoyl} - N - phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (M112) with hydrazine hydrate. The ester compound 2 - hydroxyphenyl 2 - [4 - (2 - methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoate (M114) have been obtained through the reaction of Ibuprofen chloride with salicylic acid. The two compounds, 2 - (4 - Isobutyl - phenyl) - propionic acid [1 - (4 - methyl - piperazin - 1 - ylmethyl) - 2 - oxo - 1,2 - dihydro - indol - 3 - ylidene] - hydrazide (M115) and 2 - (4 - Isobutyl - phenyl) - propionic acid [5 - fluoro - 1 - (4 - methyl - piperazin - 1 - ylmethyl) - 2 - oxo - 1,2 - dihydro - indol - 3 - ylidene] - hydrazide (M116) have been obtained through the reaction of M74, M77 with excess of formaldehyde and equimolar of N - methyl piperazine.The synthesized compounds have been identified using Infra - red spectroscopy FTIR, Nuclear Magnetic resonance (1H,13C), Mass spectroscopy and X - Ray. In addition , the changes in physical properties such as melting points, boiling points and color have been considered. Finally, the biological activity of some synthesized compounds has been evaluated and some of them have shown good biological activity especially those containing Isatin nucleus (M74 - M77) and (M115 - M116).

تحضير عدد من المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة المشتقة من 2 - امينو - 6 - بروموبنزوثايازول وتقييم تاثيرها البيولوجي == Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From 2 - Amino - 6 - Bromobenzothiazole And Evaluation Their Biological Activity

اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد العزيز عطية البدراني
اسم المشرف: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي | احمد خضر احمد الخياط
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد الدوال المدروسة مع عينات عمرية لنساء مصابات بالاجهاض للثلث االثاني من الحمل ومستويات تركيزالفيوكوز الكلي Total fucose (TF), والفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين protein bound fucose (PBF), والسكريات السداسية المرتبطة بالبروتين (PBH) protei | The study was done to determine the relationship between the causes of abortion in women during the second trimester of pregnancy and total fucose (TF) level , protein bound fucose (PBF) , protein bound hexose (PBHex) and other biochemical parameter , which include : thyroid gland hormones ( T3, T4 ,TSH ) and testosterone , progesterone and Prolactin as well as the estimation of the levels of cholesterol , triglyceride , high density lipoprotein( HDL) , low density lipoprotein ( LDL) , and very low density lipoprotein( VLDL) Samples of ( 53) patientshave been collected from Azadi hospital and General Kirkuk hospital who have suffered from abortion where the agesranged between ( 16 - 45) years divided into three age groups first age group( 15 - 24) years & second age group( 25 - 34) years & third age group( 35 - 44) years. also the studyincluded (40) healthy persons at same age groups regarded as control groups1. Significant increase in the levels of (TF & PBF ) and Significantdecrease in the levels of (PBHex in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women2. Significant increase in thyroid hormone (T3) for the first & third age group, and there is no significant difference for the second age group in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. Significant increase in thyroid hormone (T4) for the first & third age group, and Significant decrease for the second age group in aborted womencompared with non - pregnant women. Significant decrease for the first & third age group and Significant increase for the second age group in thyroid hormone (TSH) in aborted women compared withnon - pregnant women.3. Significant increase in Testosterone hormone level For all age Groups in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women And Significant decrease in progesterone hormone level For all age Groups in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. 4. Significant increase in Prolactin level in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women.5. Significant decrease in( cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL) level in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. 6. Significant increase in the levels of ( HDL ) for the first age group, and there is no significant difference for the second& third age group in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women.

تحضير وتشخيص عدد من معقدات البلاديوم (??) والبلاتين (II) مع مزيج من ليكاندات الثايويوريا او الحلقات غير المتجانسة الحاوية على الامين مع السكارين او الثايوسكارين == Synthesis And Characterization of Some Palladium (??) And Platinum(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes of Thiourea Or Heterocyclic Amine And Saccharin Or Thiosaccharine

اسم المؤلف: نور عبد المجيد ضياف الدوري
اسم المشرف: صبحي عطية محمود الجبوري | مظهر يونس محمد المهيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتناول هذه الاطروحة تحضير المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة ذات الحلقة الخماسية مثل معوضات الثايادايازول و3,2,1 - ترايازولين والثايازولدين - 4 - اون والحلقة الرباعية مثل الازتدين - 2 - اون والحلقة الثلاثية الاوكسازردين, فضلا عن تحضير الحلقة السداسية البرمدين | The thesis deals with hetero cyclic compounds with five member rings like thiadiazole substituted 1,2,3 - triazoline and thiazoldine - 4 - one, four member ring like azetidine - 2 - one and three member rings oxazirdine. Synthesis including six member ring compounds like pyrimidin - 2,4,6 - trione in addition to synthesis seven member ring compound like oxazepine are synthesized. In the present work 4 - bromo aniline is used as precursor for the synthesis of the required compound; the 2 - aminobenzothiazole - 6 - bromo (K1) is synthesized from the reaction of 4 - bromo aniline with potassium thiocyanate in presence of bromine, the later (K1) was reacted with ethyl chloroformate to give ethylcarbamate (K2),which is used for the synthesis of urea derivatives (K3 - 8).through (K2) reaction with substituted aniline. Pyrmidin - 2,4,6 - trione (K9 - 14) is synthesized from the reaction of malonic acid with urea derivatives in acetyl chloride.Schiff bases (K15 - 20) are prepared through the condensation of 2 - aminobenzothiazole with substituted benzyldehid. Seven member ring are synthesized by cyclaziation of Schiff bases (K15 - 20) by using malic anhydride in absolute ethanol to give 2 - aryl - 3 - N - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 5 - 7 - dione oxazepene (K21 - 26). four member ring is prepared from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with chloro acetyl chloride in 1,4 - Dioxane in the presence of tri ethyl amine to give azetidine - 2 - one(K27 - 32). Thiazoldine - 4 - one(K33 - 38) is synthesized from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with thioglycolic acid in the presence of Zinc chloride. The Oxazirdine(K74 - 79) is also prepared from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with 3 - chloro per benzoic acid in pyridine. 2 - (2 - chloroacetamide) - 6 - bromobenzothiazole(K39) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - aminobenzothiazole - 6 - bromo (K1) with chloro acetyl chloride. The compound (K39) is used in the preparation of substituted aryl amino acetyl - 2 - amino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K40 - 46) through its reaction with substituted amine. The thiazoldine - 4 - one - 2 - imine (K47) is also synthesized from the reaction of compound (K39) with potassium thiocyanate. The thiazoldine - 4 - one - 2 - imine (K47) is reacted with substituted benzeldehyd to give 2 - (5 - (aryldin) - 2 - imino - 4 - oxo - thiazoldin - 3 - yl) 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K48 - 53).The 2 - (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylimino) thiozoldine - 4 - one(K95) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - acetylamino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole(K39) with ammonium isothiocyanate in ethanol 96%. The thiazoldine - 4 - one(K95) is used in the preparation of 2 - (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylimino) - 5 - (sub.Methyl) thiozoldine - 4 - one(K96 - 100) through its reaction with various amine and formaldehyde.The aminobenzothiazole (K1) is also used for the preparation of thiosemicarbazide (K54) by its reaction with carbon disulphide. The substituted 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (K55 - 60) is synthesized from the reaction of thiosemicarbazide (K54) with various of carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The aminobenzothiazole (K1) is used in the preparation of aryl ( benzothiazole - 2 - ayl ) dithiocarbamate (K61 - 65) through its reaction with carbon disulphide and arylhalid or alkylhalid in ethanol.The 2 - azido - 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K66) is prepared from the reaction of sodium azide with diazonuim salt ( prepared from the reaction of benzothiazole (K1) with sodium nitrate , hydrochloric acid ). 1,2,3 - triazoline (K67 - 71) are synthesized through the reaction of 2 - azidobenzothiazole (K66) with various olefin in ethanol. The treatment of aminobenzothiazole (K1) with phenyl isothiocyanate gives (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - yl) - 3 - phenylthiourea (K72) which is converted to (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - yl) - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxydihydropermidine - 4 - 6 - one (K73) through its reaction with malonic acid in dry. Benzene. The 2 - hydrazinobenzothiazole (K80) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - aminobenzothiazole (K1) with a mixture from hydrazine hydrate and hydrochloric acid in ethylene glycol. Pyrazoline compounds (87 - 92) are synthesized from the reaction of chalcons (K81 - 86) ( which are prepared from the condensation of substituted benzaldehyde with acetophenone in a base medium ) with hydrazino (K80). The hydrazino (K80) is used in the preparation of 2 - amino( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole)isoandole - 1,3 - diaone (K93) and 1 - (2 - amino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole)pyrroline - 2,5 - di - one (K94) through its reaction with phathalic anhydride and malic anhydride in ethanol. For furthur work, the preparation of Schiff bases (K101 - 110) carried out. from the condensation of substituted benzaldehyde with hydrazino (K80) in the presence of glacial acetic acid in ethanol. The 3 - ( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylamino) - 2 - (sub.aryl) - 5,7 - di - one oxazipene (K111 - 120) are synthesized by cyclazition of Schiff bases (K101 - 110) by using malic anhydride in methanol. Schiff bases (K101 - 110) are also used in preparation of 1 - ( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylamino) - 4 - (sub.aryl) - 3 - chloro - 2 - oxo - zetidine - 2 - one (K121 - 130) through its rection with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of tri ethyl amine in 1,4 - Dioxan. The 3 - (6 - bromobenzothioazol - 2 - ylamino) - 2 - (substituted aryl)thiozoldin - 4 - one (K130 - 140) is prepared from the reaction of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases (K101 - 110) in presence of zinc chloride in dry. Benzene. In order to show the antibacterial activity of prepared compounds (k11,k23,k41,k56,k61,k62,k89,k97,k112,k118,k126,k137,k139) are evaluated against four types of common bacteria (Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschershia coli, Klebsiella peneuomina). The result of biological study are compared with standered antibiotic (Ciprofloxacine & Gentamycin). The structure of the synthesized compound are confirmed by I.R, 1H - NMR & 13C - NMR spectra and Some chemical physical data.

تحضير الكاشفين DPIDBSA وMBDPI واستعمالهما في الدراسة التحليلية للايونات Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) بالطرق الطيفية == The Preparation And Use of The Two Reagents DPIDBSA And MBDPI In An Analytical Study of Ions Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) By Spectroscopic Methods

اسم المؤلف: زينب جاسم خضير الربيعي
اسم المشرف: سامي وحيد راضي الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم تحضير مركبات دايمرات ازوبلورية سائلة بالصيغة الاتية : no.on n = 2 - 7و تشخيصها بالطراق الطيفية المتمثلة بطيف الاشعه تحت الحمراء وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون بالاضافة الى التحليل العنصر الدقيق وقد تبين من خلال التحليل الطيفي والتحليل العنصري | A new series of liquid crystal compound has been synthesized : no.on n=2 - 7 The identification of this new series had been done by IR and HNMR spectra in addition to C.H.N analysis. By using a hot stage polarizing microscope, it was found that the members n=2,3 show pure nematic phase and members n=4 - 7 show smectice (sc ) in addition to nematic phase. The effect of the number of carbon atoms on the side chains of the these compounds with TN - I shows odd - even effect transition temperatures was recognized. The TN - Sc show odd - even odd effect. The brodeniris groups (CH3) in terminal benzene rings decrease the transition temperature and has less effect on dimenshing the liquid crystalline properties than the monomers.

تطبيقات طريقة استخلاص سائل - سائل للفصل والتقدير الطيفي لبعض العناصر الانتقالية بواسطة معقدات عضوية جديدة == Applcations of Liquid - Liqid Extraction Method For Separation And Spectrophotometric Determiination To Some Transition Metal Elements By New Organic Reagents

اسم المؤلف: احمد ابراهيم حمزة
اسم المشرف: شوكت كاظم جواد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم على بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية في الدم, ومقارنتها مع القيم الطبيعية (مجاميع السيطرة) والبالغ عددهم (125) (47 اناث و72 ذكور) والذين تراوحت اعمارهم بين (21 - 70) سنة حيث تضمن البحث : دراسة 115 حالة مرضية للاش | The present study was carried out to determine the effect of hypertension on some biochemical parameters in the blood compared to that of normal values of healthy subjects in healthy control group(125) (47 females and 72 males) Their ages ranged between(21 - 70) yearsThe study included : - 1 - seventy hypertensive patients(30 females and 40 males)Their ages ranged between (30 - 80) years the following biochemical parameters were included : (Cho, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, GOT, GPT, SOD MDA, HbA1C ,LDH, Metall oendopeptidase , leptin )for both hypertensive patients and health subjects as a control. Results of this study have shown a significant increase(p?0.05) in the concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride ,LDL,VLDL compared with control group while high density lipoprotein showed a significant decrease (p?0.05) compared with control groupThe estimation of LDL/HDL ratio showed a significant decrease (p?0.05) compared to that of healthy subjects The study also included the effect of hypertension duration on BMI and age in relation to the concentration of (Cho, TG ,LDL,VLDL,HDL)The study showed increase in the concentrations of (Cho, TG ,LDL,VLDL) while a decrease in the concentrations of high density lipoprotein for all patients compared with that of healthy subjects (control group).A clinical study of Metallo endopeptidase on the serum of healthy and hypertensive patients was carried which has been shown that the activity of this enzyme in healthy subjects does not affect by sex, age, and smoking while there is significant increase in the activity of Metallo endopeptidase in the serum of the hypertensive patients for both sexes at different ages compared with that of control group while there was an increase in the activity of Metallo endopeptidase in relation to the duration of disease the result also demonstrated a significant increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in hypertensive patients compared with that of control group.ALT and AST enzyme levels have been estimation in this study which showed a significant increase in the level of AST in hypertensive patients for both normal weight and overweight compared with that of control group, while ALT level showed no significant difference in hypertensive patients for both normal weight and overweight compared with that of control groupAs for Leptin the study has showed a significant increase in the concentrations of leptin hormone in control group of healthy subject (over weight BMI?25) compared with normal weight(BMI?25) for the same group. the concentration of leptin in all hypertensive patients showed an increase level in relation to age &BMIThis study also included the estimation of SOD and MDA in both hypertensive patients and healthy subjects (control group).It showed a significant decrease in the activity of SOD as the duration increases and there was a significant increase in the level of MDA(P?0.05)in hypertensive patients compared healthy group.Finally the level of (HbA1C) was also studied which no significant difference in hypertensive patients compared with that of control group, while there was a signi

استخدام تقنية كروماتوغرافيا الغاز باستعمال اطوار سائلة ثابتة لدراسة كفاءة فصل بعض مركبات الازو المشتقة من الباراكريزول == Use Gas - Chromatography Technique By Using Stationary Liquid Phases For Study of Separation Efficiency For Some Azo Compounds Derivative From P - Cresol

اسم المؤلف: وداد ابراهيم يحيى خزاعل
اسم المشرف: قاسم كاظم الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: حضر كاشفين عضويين جديدين هما2 - [3 - Acyl methyl phenyl )azo] - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazol (3 - AMePADPI) 1 - [(2 - Pyridyl azo)] - 2 - naphthol (PAN) وقد استخدما في فصل واستخلاص والتقدير الطيفي لعناصر النحاس(II)، النيكل(II)والبلاديوم(II) على هيئة ايونات موج | Synthesized two organic reagent was 2 - [(3 - Acyl methyl phenyl)azo] - 4,5 diphenyl imidazole (3 - AMePADPI) and 1 - [(2 - pyridyl azo)] - 2 - naphthol (PAN), which is used for separation , extraction and spectrophotometric determination Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) as Cations according to solvent extraction method ,dependence on measurement absorbance of ion pair complex extracted at ?max as well Calculation distribution ratio (D). This Study include limitation of optimum conditions for Complex formation and extraction such as pHex. and the experimental shows optimum pH for extraction Copper(II) with (3 - AMePADP) (pHex=8) and (pHex=9) with (PAN) but for Nickel was(pHex=11) with both organic reagent as well (pHex=9) for palladium (II) with both organic reagents. The study about metal ions concentration effect on extraction methods demonstrate 40µg Cu2+ suitable concentration giving higher absorbance for ion pair complex extracted to organic phase and higher distribution ratio (D) with both organic reagent , also for Nickel(II) was 80µg Ni2+ with (3 - AMePADP) and 50µg Ni2+ with (PAN) , but for palladium(II) was 20µg Pd2+ with(3 - AMePADPI) and 15µg Pd2+ with (PAN). Kinetic energy has important role in extraction. method according to Solvent extraction , and this study show effect shaking time of two immiscible phase on qualification `of extracted and illustrate 15 min was suitable shaking time for Copper(II) and Nickel(II) with both organic reagent and 5 min for palladium(II) with both organic reagent to obtaining higher absorbance of ion pair complex extracted to organic phase and distribution ratio (D). Organic solvent effect study appear there is not any linear relation between dielectric constant (?) of organic solvents and distribution ratio (D) that’s is mean there is not any effect for polity of organic solvent on extraction method but there is an effect for organic solvent structure which is participate in the structure of ion pair complex extracted by formation ,Tight ion pair or loose ion pair as well experiment result illustrate dichloro methane organic solvent (DCM) was the best organic solvent in extraction Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) by organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN. Study about determination more probable structure of ion pair complex extracted (stoichiometry ) by performance four spectrophotometric method for extraction Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN under optimum conditions and all experiment show the structure of ion pair complex extracted was (1 : 1) (metal : ligad) [Cu(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - . , [Cu(PAN)]+HSO4 - .[Ni(PAN)]+Cl - . [Ni(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - . [Pd(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - . , [Pd(PAN)]+Cl - . Declination of distribution ratio (D) frequently by reason of the organic reagent not gratify the coordination shell of metal ion and in this case water molecule participate to saturate the coordination shell and increase partition the complex to aqueous phase and increase dissociation of complex and decrease distribution ratio(D) as well probable to formation ion pair complex in structure of [M(L)]n+(OH) where M=Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ and L = (3 - AMePADPI) or PAN this complex favorite partition to aqueous phase and decrease distribution ratio. Thermodynamic study include Temperature effect on extraction efficiency the experimental results demonstrate the reaction was exothermic for Copper(II) with both organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN but the Complextion reaction of Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) with organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN endothermic reaction , after calculation thermodynamic data ?Hex , ?Gex , ?Sex show entropy values was high that is mean complexation reaction is entropic in region. The study about Interferences effect on extraction method of Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN to clarify metal cations of first group in periodic table Li+ , Na+ and K+ giving enhancement in distribution ratio in arranging Li+ >Na+>K+ by reason of high affinity of these ions to water and the thickness hydration shell increase with diameter decrease , this properties these ions being to contribute to destroy hydration shell of Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ and increase chances of association with organic reagent and increase distribution ratio (D) , but metal cations of second group in periodic table Mg2+ , Ca2+ has more charge density than metal cation of first group and has less thickness in hydration shell and the effective behavior on extraction method was less , but anions able to participate in electrostatic combination with cation complex and giving different effects by differ in molar volume , stereo structure and charge density. The study about synergism by used tributyl phosphate (TBP) and Methyl iso butyl Ketone (MBK) in the extraction the experimental results shows TBP and MIBK giving enhancement in distribution ratio (D) by participate molecular of these solvents in the structure of ion pair complex extracted install f water molecular in coordination shell of metal cation as well as the results show there is one molecular of TBP or MIBK participate in ion pair complex extraction [Cu(MIBK)(PAN)]+HSO - 4 , [Cu(MIBK)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - [Cu(TBP)(PAN)]+HSO - 4 , [Cu(TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - [ Ni (MIBK)(PAN) ]+Cl - , [ Ni (TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+ 2Cl - [ Ni (MIBK)(PAN) ]+Cl - , [ Ni (TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+ 2Cl - [Pd(MIBK)(PAN)]+Cl - , [ Pd(MIBK)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - [Pd(TBP)(PAN)]+Cl - , [ Pd(TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - The study about of effect of ethanol in aqueous solution on extraction method of metal in aqueous solution on extraction method of metal cation Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3AMePADPI) and PAN the results show foundation of ethanol in aqueous solution with metal cations giving increase in distribution ratio and this increasing continue until reached optimum concentration of ethanol after this value distribution ratio (D) decrease. This study include used organic reagent (3AMePADPI) and PAN for spectrophotometric determination of Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) in different environmental and vital samples.

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات خماسية وسباعية غير متجانسة الحلقة لمشتقات الامينو بنزوثيازول == Synthesis And Identification of Five And Seven Membered Ring Heterocyclic Compounds of Amino Benzothiazole Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: علي فتاح ناصر الحسيني
اسم المشرف: فائز عبد الحسين عبد الرماحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن الجزء الاول من البحث تحضير اربعة كواشف عضوية جديدة هي مشتقات ازو لمركب الباراكريزول وقد تم تشخيص الكواشف المحضرة من خلال اطياف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية (UV - Vis) فضلا عن قياس اطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء IR)) وتم اجراء قياسات نسب العناصر الدقيق ( | The first part of this study included perpetrating four new organic reagents which are derivatives of P - cresol. Its identification was done by UV - Vis spectrophotometer, IR and C. H. N. Depending on the results, we found the correspondence between the theoretical calculation and the experimental ones with a way to suggest the final structures of the prepared reagents. The purity of these reagents was tested through thin layer chromatography.The prepared reagents are : 1. 2[(4 - Methyl phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (MePAMP)2. 2[(4 - Chloro phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (CPAMP)3. 2[(4 - Methoxy phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (OMePAMP)4. 2[(4 - Nitro phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (NPAMP)The second part deals with the study of chromatographic behavior of organic prepared reagents dissolved in ethanol according to gas chromatography on stationary liquid phases as capillary columns with different polarities as zebron (FFAT) which is characterized with high polarity, silica fused (BP10) with a medium polarity and poly phenyl siloxine (OV - 5) that appears with low polarity.Gas chromatography was equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and the nitrogen as carrier gas with flow rate 30cm3min - 1 at different column temperatures ranged 100C increments depending on columns maximum operation temperature, column inlet temperature and detector temperature were higher than the separation column (25,50) 0C respectively.This investigation attempts to find the optimum conditions for the sequential separation were defined for the azo compounds of all capillary columns such as injection, applied pressure inlet of column, gas flow rate as well as the conditions of the efficient separation.The order of elution and resolution of compounds on various stationary liquid phases were normal chromatographic behavior which is decrease in specific retention volumes with increase of column temperature through the relationship between logarithm of specific retention volume for the studied compounds against reciprocal of absolute column temperature which is observed generally linear relation for all compounds on different liquid phases by using (Clausius - Clapeyron) , then calculate the thermodynamic parameters ?H0 , ?S0 and ?G from the slope and intercept respectively the negative values of partial molar enthalpy ?H0 of solutions indicate to highest interaction between liquid phases and separated compounds. The results show that the zebron (FFAT) consider the high negative value of ?H and the reaction was exothermic, on other hand the highest negative value of ?s means less random of solutes on some liquid phase , so it was more selective towards to prepared azo derivatives of p - cresol. Also calculated separation factor (RS),number of theoretical plate (N), equivalent highest of one theoretical plate (HETP) respectively for mixture of studied compounds on various liquid phases.The precision and accuracy of the prepared organic reagent (MePAMP) from 0.06% to 1.44% for (CPAMP) from 0.91% to 1.5%, (OMePAMP) from 0.03% to 1.42% and finally for (NPAMP) from 0.06% to 1.6%

تحضير لقاح مضاد للبكتريا المرضية المسببة لالتهاب القــدم السكري باستخدام التشعيع بالليـزر واطئ الطاقة == Preparation of Vaccine Against Diabetic Foot Pathogenic Bacteria Using Low Level Diode Laser

اسم المؤلف: زينب عواد راضي محمد
اسم المشرف: احسان فتح الله رستم محمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة المثنى - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى تحضير نوعين من اللقاح (الحي المضعف، والمقتول) ضد البكتريا المسببة لحالات داء القدم السكري في الانسان، وذلك باستخدام اشعة الليزر ثنائي الصمام. تم جمع العينات من (40) شخص يعانون من التهاب القدم السكري، باستخدام مسحة قطنية معقمة Sw | The objective of this study is to prepare two types of vaccine (Live attenuated and killed vaccines) against pathogenic bacteria of diabetic foot infection in humans, using laser irradiation. Samples collected from forty patients suffered from diabetic foot infection, using sterile cotton tinge (Swab), the samples diagnosed depending on a number of morphological examinations, biochemical tests and culturing on selective media, as well as to use of the API system. The bacterial isolates obtained including the followings : Staphylococcus aureus (24.59 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.95 %), Escherichia coli (21.31 %), S. epidermidis (9.84 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.84 %), Proteus mirabilis (8.20 %), and other species (3.28 %). The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates before irradiation to a number of antibiotics were examined, they all gave high resistance to the antibiotics, except two types (Amikacin & Ciprofloxacin), which the bacterial isolates were sensitive to. The bacterial isolates irradiated with laser using wavelengths (660, 820, and 915nm) to increase their sensitivity reaching to a step of attenuating or killing the bacteria with increasing exposure times. Then the attenuated and killed bacteria from each isolate used to prepare a mixed vaccine. Laser effect on the bacterial isolates showed a significant decrease in the viability of the bacteria of all species when the dose was increased, where occur killing the bacteria after 20 min and more of laser dose. The efficiency of the vaccine was tested by using laboratory animals, fifteen rabbits were used in the current study, they were divided into three groups with five rabbits each, one group for live attenuated vaccine inoculation, and the other one for the killed vaccine while the third group used as a control group. One month after the completion of the vaccination, the concentrations of the immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM C3, and C4) in the rabbit serum measured using Radial Immunodiffusion (RID) method.The results showed very high significant differences P < 0.001 for the level of IgG between the live attenuated vaccine group when compared with the control one, high significant differences P < 0.01 for the level of killed vaccine group compared with the control one.The results of IgA concentrations for the three groups were highly significant, P < 0.01, when comparing the attenuated with control group, while were significant, P < 0.05 between the killed vaccine group and the control one, it was also significant for the level of IgM, C3, and C4, when compared both the live attenuated and killed vaccine groups with the control one respectively. There were no significant differences between the live attenuated and the killed vaccine groups of all measured concentrations.Subsequently the animals inoculated again with a live dose of the bacterial isolates and the levels of (IgM, IgA, IgG, C3, and C4) were measured, the same results as in the vaccinations readings were obtained.Finally the animals were inoculated with the challenge dose of all the isolated live bacteria. The animals of the control group died, while the immunized animals remained healthy revealing the efficacy of the vaccine and the vaccination program.

دراسة بعض الملوثات الصناعية وتاثيرها في الصفات التشريحية لبعض الانواع النباتية في قضاء سامراء == Study of Some Industrial Pollutants And Their Impact in The Anatomical Characteristics of Some Plant Species in Samarra

اسم المؤلف: احمد يونس حمادي الكنعاني
اسم المشرف: طالب عويد الخزرجي | ياسين محمد احمد الدليمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • النبات - الامراض
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان نمو النباتات في مواقع ملوثة قد يعرض صحة المستهلك للخطر سواء اكان انسان? او حيوان?، لذلك انجز هذا البحث لتقييم التلوث بالعناصر الثقيلة في مياه المخلفات الصناعية للحي الصناعي في مدينة سامراء وفي التربة والنباتات الواقعة على مجرى هذه المياه الجارية في ساق | The growth of plants in contaminated sites may expose consumers' health at risk, whether a human being or animal so accomplished this research to assess the pollution heavy elements in the waters of industrial waste of the neighborhood's industrial city of Samarra, in soil and plants located on the course of this running water in a stream length of 800 m even downstream Tigris River, as they are put waste industrial district as well as sewage water into the river is directly without treatment, as the study was to take part of the water and soil of that region as well as four types of plants that grow where is the tail of the seven, mint, sugar cane and corporal parents, study Some qualities Physical and chemical soil and water in addition to study some changes anatomical got to plants due to pollution, and that by dividing the study area into four zones as is the region (1) part near the industrial district and region (2) is located just 200 meters from the site of No. (1) towards the river, followed by site number (3), which is 200 m from the site of No. (2) The region (4) is located near the bank of the river and about 200 m from the site number (3) and samples were taken control of the West Bank of the Tigris River, was measurement of both pH and electrical conductivity and salinity in addition to measuring some heavy elements (iron, copper, cadmium) of soil and water, as well as the measured requirement vital for oxygen and the degree of turbidity of the water, also included the study to measure some heavy elements (iron, copper, cadmium) in plant and study the anatomical changes that occur due to the pollution produced by the launch of industrial waste. The results of the study that there is variation among study sites for each of the regions of the east bank of the river (the contaminated samples) and the West Bank of the river (the control) for most attributes Physical and chemical water and soil as well as for changes anatomical plants between contaminated samples and the control and in general has The results are within the limits permitted by the World Health Organization, the results indicate the high concentration of copper in the soil compared with iron and cadmium as the highest concentration has 10 ppm at the site (1), while the concentration of sample control 0.17 ppm The iron was higher focus him in the soil is 5.2 ppm in both locations (3) and (4), while the concentration of sample control 3.3 ppm The cadmium was the highest concentration has 0.43 ppm at the site (2), while the concentration of sample control 0.15 ppm and these concentrations are all not exceeding the allowable limit for the World Health Organization (for cadmium 1.5ppm of iron 120ppm copper 40ppm) respectively, and the results showed variation in pH between the soil and water for study sites on the one hand and sample control on the other hand, as shown soil samples to pH moderate among the four sites studied, where ranged pH between 7.26 - 6.33 The sample control was pH 8.64 As for water, the results showed basal water sites studied ranged pH between 6.8 to 5.8 which is comparable to Las pH for sample control 8.5, As for connectivity electrical has emerged variation between samples studied and sample control for soil and water and showed samples of soil and water at the site (2) the extent of the variation connectivity electrical them at the sites (3, 2, 1) and which are all higher than in the sample control, with varied degrees connectivity for soil samples between 14, 200 - 2860 Maekerosemins / cm The sample control 2300 Maekerosemins / cm The degree connectivity for water samples 2810 - 2450 Maekerosemins / cm The sample control of water was connectivity 1457 Maekerosemins / cm, for salinity, the results showed an increase in salinity of soil samples and water compared to a sample control ranged salinity in the soil between 8.92 - 1.79 g / l, while a control sample was salinity 1.438 g / l The salinity in the water was between 1.759 - 1.532 g / l The control sample was 0.907 g / l The results showed that the sample at the site (2) the degree of salinity have is higher than the rest of the other samples in soil and water. Results showed high copper for iron in the water was the highest percentage of copper in the signatories (4), (3) 0.05ppm The sample control has, (2.1) compared to a control sample, where he was between 55 - 20 mg / L, while a control sample 3.8 mg / liter, while for water Ekorh has ranged between four samples where Ekorh was water between 12.36 - 2.97 naphthalene The control sample was Ekorh water 2.1 Naphthalene. The results showed that the concentration of iron was high in most plants for copper and cadmium, as was the highest concentration of iron in the plant reeds 24 ppm as was assembled in the root zone of the plant which is within the limits permitted by the World Health Organization while the highest concentration of iron in the area of control of the plant reed it reached 17.5 ppm as it was assembled in the root also Copper was the highest concentration in the plant sergeant cock 0.89 ppm as it was assembled in the root while the focus was in control very few samples The cadmium is 0.1 ppm in all plants is within the allowable limits by the World Health Organization, while in the side anatomical has emerged is a difference between the samples studied and samples of control, as happened increase in the dimensions of the vascular bundles of the leg, as well as an increase in the thickness of the crust in the samples studied compared a sample of control as well as an increase in the thickness of the tissue foundation and a decrease in the number of packets Vascular plant roots as well as increase the thickness of the securities, an increase of pollution in the studied plants compared to a control sample..

تاثير حامض الهيوميك والاوكسينات في نمو نبات حشيشة الليمون Cymbopogon citratus L. وتراكيبه الافرازية ومكوناته الفعالة == Effect of Humic Acid And Auxins on Growth of Lemon Grass Plant (Cymbopogon Citratus L.), Secretors Stractures And Its Active Constituent

اسم المؤلف: ايوب جمعة عبد الرحمن علي البياتي
اسم المشرف: جميل ياسين التميمي | شاكر مهدي صالح
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت تجربة حقلية باستخدام اصص بلاستيكية في كلية التربية - جامعة تكريت بهدف دراسة تاثير حامض الهيوميك والاوكسينات في الصفات المظهرية والتشريحية لنبات حشيشة الليمون ومحتواه من المادة الفعالة, نفذت التجربة العاملية وفق التصميم العشوائي الكامل CRD وبثلاث مكر | Afield experiment was conducted using plastic pots on lemon grass to study effect of Humic acid and Auxins in growth, anatomical characteristics and its content of active constituents this plant in Tikrit University - College of Education, using the factorial experiment in CRD.The first factor was humic acid as organic acid fertilizer and two ways for applied, The first spraying with Lighumus 18 concentration 1.5 ml/2L of water(H1).The second addition Liqhumus 18 with irrigation water 1.5 ml/2L of water(H2)In addition to the treatment control(without Liqhumus 18(H0). The second factor two type of growth regulators(IAA And IBA) and their mixture as follow : 1 - spray growth regulator IAA 150mg/L(A1).2 - spray growth regulator IBA150mg/L(A2).3 - spray the mixture (IAA+IBA) 150mg/L(A3).4 - (Control) spraying with water. The data analysis ststistical using analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and compared between the treatment using Duncan test at 5% level of probability, and results of the experiment were as follow : 1 - The treatment (H2A3) was superior in plant hight(150.92cm), leaf area(3278.0cm2), number of leaves/plant(49.16)and shot dry weight(153.86 g) While the lowest value of plant high were(127.17cm)leaf area(1341.0cm2), leaf number/plant(29057)and shot dry weight (98.58gm)in the control treatment.2 - The treatment (H2A3) was superior significantly in all plant elements content : Nitrogen(2.78%), phosphorus(0.388%), potassium(2.95mg/l), Iron (87mg/i), Copper(16.8mg/l)and Zinc(15.8mg/l)whereas control treatments gave the lowest value were (1.31%), (0.29%), (1.05mg/l), (47.66mg/l), (12.0mg/l)and(3.10mg/l)respectively.3 - The treatment (H2A3)gave high number of oil cell in the leaf blade(5.88)cell, leaf mid rib(5.88)cell and leaf sheath(6.88)cell while less value were in the treatment(H0A2)which gave(3.22)cell in leaf blade and(2.66)and(3.66)cell on midrib and sheath respectively gave by control treatment4 - The treatment (H2A3) was superior significantly increased the volatile oil percentage by (1.04%), Specific gravity(0.9460), oil density(0.9260)and refractive index(1.4839).while less percentage were (0.68%), (0.8890), (0.8880)and(1.4820)respectively in the control.5 - The treatment(H0A3)was superior significantly in Citral a compound percentage by(32.87%), total citral(54.59%)and linalool(11.53) hn the leaf and sheath.in compare with treatments(H0A1), (H1A0)and(H1A2)which never contain Citral, while less percentage of total Citral was (2.06%)in the control.6 - The treatment(H0A1)was significantly increased compound Citral b compound percentage(27.82%) in the leaf and sheathwhile less Citral b percentage was(1.90%) in the control.7 - Superior the treatment(H2A0) significantly in Limonen compound percentage by(88.81%) in the leaf and sheathwhile less Limonen percentage was(21.72%) in the treatment(H1A1).8 - the treatment(H1A1)was significantly superior in Myrcin compound percentage by(35.83%) in the leaf and sheath in compare with(H1A0) which never contain Myrcin.9 - the treatment(H1A3)was significantly superior in Geraniol compound percentage by(36.14%) in the leaf and sheath in compare with(H0A3)and(H2A1) which never contain Geraniol.

دراسة تاثير المستخلص المائي لنبات الحناء Lawsonia inermis كمضاد للاكسدة في ذكور الجرذان البيض المعرضة للاجهاد التاكسدي == A Study Effect of Henna Aqueous Extract Lawsonia Inermis As Antioxidant in Exposed Oxidative Stress White Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: سعدية جمال قادر السامرائي
اسم المشرف: صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي | منيف صعب احمد ساجت الجنابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير المستخلص المائي لنبات الحناء Lawsonia inermis كمضاد اكسدة في ذكور الجرذان البيض المعرضة للاجهاد التاكسدي المستحدث ببيروكسيد الهيدروجين مع ماء الشرب طيلة مدة التجربة البالغة 30 يوما، بالاضافة الى فيتامين C المعروف كمضاد قوي لل | The study was examined the effect of aqueous extract of the Lawsonia inermis antioxidant in Albino male rats which exposed to oxidative stress induced hydrogen peroxide with drinking water for the duration of the experiment of (30 days), compared with vitamin C, known as strong anti - oxidant.1. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide led to a high moral (p <0.05) in the level of Glucose and Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG) and low lipoproteins - lying density cholesterol (LDL - C) and lipoproteins low - lying density cholesterol is very (VLDL - C) and evidence Atherosclerosis, phospholipids and Malondialdehyde (MDA) peroxynitrite radical (ONOO - ) , Urea and Total count of white blood cells (WBCs), as well as significant decrease at the level (p <0.05) in the level of high - density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL - C) and the level of, Glutathione (GSH), and Ceruloplasmin (CP), Uric acid, Albumin, serum Creatinine in the blood of Albino male rats exposed to oxidative stress.2. Resulted in treatment of male rats, eggs exposed to stress oxidative vitamin C (concentration of 250 mg \ kg of body weight) to a significant decrease (P ? 0.05) compared with the group treated with H2O2 only in the total count of white blood cells and the level of glucose, cholesterol, Triglerids and lipoproteins and low density cholesterol and very low - lying density of cholesterol and signs Atherosclerosis and Phospholipids, Urea, and the Malondayaldehid Peroxynitrite radical, while the moral high concentrations in high - density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, Albumin, Creatinine, and, Glutathione and Ceruloplasmin.3. As well the treatment of animals exposed to stress oxidative Palmstkhals water plant henna to a significant decrease compared with the group treated with H2O2 only in the total number of white blood cells(WBCs) and concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein choesterol LDL - C, and low density is very VLDL - C, phospholipids, levels of evidence Altasd, Urea, and the Malondayaldehid MDA and Peroxynitrite radical, (ONOO - ) while the moral high concentrations in high - density lipoprotein choesterol, HDL - C, Uric acid, Albumin, and, Glutathione and Ceruloplasmin.4. That the treatment of Albino male rats group water plant henna led to a significant decrease in the concentration of Malondayaldehid Peroxynitrite radical (ONOO - ) compared with the control group, while did not show significant difference (P> 0.05) in the concentrations of Glucose, total cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein, high - density cholesterol lipoprotein HDL - C, and low density cholesterol lipoprotein LDL - C, and low density cholesterol is very VLDL - C, phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels I, II and III, Uric acid, Creatinine, Albumin, Ceruloplasmin, Urea, peroxynitrite radical and total (WBCs) number of white blood cells compared with control group. It is clear from the current study that aqueous extract of henna, vitamin C role of great importance to reduce the emergence and development of atherosclerosis induced proxaid hydrogen as anti - oxidation which removal of free radicals, and contain the extracted compounds in particular have an impact on physiological and biochemical events occurring in the body and without side effects makes it possible to make use of the prevention and treatment of many different conditions, which may reflect the preventive role of this extract against free radicals.

دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لانواع الجنس Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) في وسط وشمال العراق == Comparative Taxonomical Study of The Genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) in Mid And North of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: محمد عدنان هاشم ال ابليش
اسم المشرف: طالب عويد الخزرجي | عقيل حسين العاصي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث الحالي دراسة مقارنة مظهرية وتشريحية وكيميائية ووراثية لثمانية انواع تابعة للجنس Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) في وسط وشمال العراق هي H.bacciferum Forssk., H.ellipticum Ledeb. H.europaeum L., H.lasiocarpium Fisch., H.noeanum Boiss., H.ramosissi | The current research study is a comparative morphological, anatomical, chemical, genetical of the genus Heliotropium in mid and north of Iraq between eight species belonging to the genus of the family Boraginaceae, and the study included some morphological characteristic of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers (calyx, corolla, stamens, pistils), inflorescence, fruits and pollen grain shows that there are clear differences between the species under study. The study included aspects of anatomy and the differences included the qualities of epidermis leaf and stem and stomata as well as study transverse sections of roots, stems, leaves and petiole and peduncle, fruits, Nutlets and seeds, also studied the system of Venation in the leaf where he studied the type of venation as well as study the direction of midrib, thickness, branching as well as the study of secondary veins, Arrangement, Aerioles and Veinlets that showed clear differences between species.The study showed that pollen grains in the species are Tricolporate in all species except H.bacciferum it contains four grooves and pollen grains of contain Psaudotricolporate found in all species except H.lasiocarpium was completely absent of false grooves have distinguished this species by this character, showed the study of pollen grain Psaudotetracolporate in species H.bacciferum only and did not appear in the rest of the species. the study noted that there are variations evident in the two axes equatorial and polar as well as in the length of the groove, width, the rate of the thickness of the wall of pollen grain, the rate of diameter germination aperture in all species. The study showed clear difference between species in dimensions of upper and lower epidermis leaf, as well as a study stomata index on the surfaces of upper and lower leaves where show that all species were the lower surface more than the upper surface in density of stomata and Trichomes were studied in all parts of plants under study it was observed that there is variation in the distribution of hair and their locations as well as the lengths of hairs and thickness of the walls and shape of apex and base. Studied species in pathway of photosynthesis showed that two species are C4 plants H.noeanum, H.suaveolens either species H.bacciferum, H.ramosissimum, H.lasiocarpium was belong of intermediate C3 - C4 species while the rest were from C3 plants after analysis qualities and similarities of these qualities were very important to isolate the species from each other because present of bundle sheath, thickness of leave in cross section, thickness of cuticle, thickness of chlorenchyma and collenchymas tissues, frequency of stomata and it distribution, the number of aerioles and veinlets density and size. Has also been studying the chemical content of alkaloids and found that there are six alkaloids isolated for the first time from inflorescences for plants belonging to the genus Heliotropium were isolated using the technique liquid chromatography for identified six alkaloids compounds (indicine and supinine, indicine - N - oxide, heleurine, heliotrine and lindelofidine), which included the study of compounds Alkaliods type, concentration and percentage and the pyrrolizidine alkaloids that have a biological importance of cure tumors and cancers. The study showed high percentage of heliotrine in four species of Heliotropium H.bacciferum, H.ramosissimum, H.europaeum, H.noeanum were (48%, 54%, 51%, 54%) while heleurine was high percentage in two species H.suaveolens, H.supinum were (33%, 56%), while the study showed lower percentage of indicine - N - oxide in three species H.ramosissimum, H.noeanum, H.supinum were (2%, 4%, 1%). The current research identified for the first time on the content of the Glycosides from inflorescences in eight species of Heliotropium from mid and north of Iraq. These species are H.bacciferum, H.ellipticum H.europaeum, H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum, H.ramosissimum, H.suaveolens, H.supinum by using the liquid phase chromatography diagnosis of six compounds (heliotrope, isopyrrolidine, isorhamnetin, naringenin, quercetein, triterpene) results showed that plant species studied vary their content of these compounds, with absent of naringenin in the species H.noeanum while absent of triterpene in species H.ellipticum, H.europaeum, H.supinum. They also showed the studied differences in concentrations glycosides and percentage of species as shown H.europaeum, H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum, H.ramosissimum, H.supinum, H.suaveolens lower concentrations (12 - 37 mg / ml) and percentages (1 - 9%) for quercetein compared to the rest of the species studied and the species H.europaeum, H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum, , H.supinum, H.suaveolens were higher concentrations (99 - 442 mg / ml) and percentages (26 - 51 %) for heliotrope compared to other species. These results indicate the possibility of the adoption of the content glycosides for inflorescence criterion for the separation between species as well as use for medical purposes, especially pyrolizidine and isopyrrolidine important in the treatment of tumors and cancer. Studied the genetic variation through the study of random variation indicators RAPD for eight species of the genus Heliotropium, and using 14 primer showed variation between the species under study and were divided into two groups are : 1. Group A : Included only two species H.bacciferum, H.ramosissimum where the genetic distance between these two species (0.249) where the two species are similar in genetic traits and genetic content in the absence of many bands of the primers and appear in the other. 2. Group B : Included six species of the genus Heliotropium under study and was less genetic distance between H.ellipticum, H.europaeum where (0.105) and this is a great similarity in appearance bands between the two species in some of primers, then the following two species were also two other, where he was the closest genetic distance between the two species H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum where (0.153) and was very close two species of H.ellipticum, H.europaeum were was (0.125). The data were analyzed and characteristics after into the program (NTSYSpc) to study morphological and anatomical, chemical, genetic and find a genetic distance inter - species on the basis of similarity So was isolated species to groups and based on a large number of morphological characteristics and anatomical, chemical, genetic possible distinguish species from each other and show the variation at the level of species belonging to the genus Heliotropium.

تاثير عدد من المستخلصات النباتية الطبية في تركيز هرمون الميلاتونين وبعض المتغيرات الفسلجية والنسجية في ذكور الجرذان البيض == Effect of Many Medical Plant Extracts in Melatonin Hormone Concentration And Some of Physiological And Histological Parameters in Albino Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: وداد محمود لهمود العبيدي
اسم المشرف: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الفسلجة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية للبحث في الاجهاد التاكسدي المستحدث بتاثير الجرعة العلاجية لعنصر الحديد لوحده بشكل املاح الحديد بهيئة اقراص Ferrous fumarat (2.85ملغم/كغم من وزن الجسم/يوم)التي تعادل (200ملغم /70كغم من وزن جسم الانسان /يوم)وقد بلغت كمية الحديد فيها (0. | The current study was designed to observe the oxidative stress induced by first dose for Iron salt alone as ferrous fumarat (2.85 mg /kg of b.wt./day)was equivalent to (200mg/70 kg of b.wt. of person)and it is containing of iron (0.94mg iron/kg of b.wt.), or by giving together doses of iron (ferrous fumarat) salt conjunction with doses of copper (in copper sulfate) in white male rats which has been given one of The experimental unit (8.57 mg/kg b.wt./day)was equivalent to (600mg / 70 kg of b.wt. of person) which use for treating acute anemia, in experimental group were given dose (8.57 mg/kg b.wt./day + 8.57 mg copper sulfat/kg b.wt./day) daily by the oral feeding and the dosage considered as the (first treatment group), with regard to a second dose of iron and copper were as follows (17 mg iron /kg b.wt./day +17 mg copper/kg b.wt./day) and considered a (second dose), research on the role of the aqueous extracts for number of plant commonly used in popular medicine like pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), green tea (Comellia sinensis L.) and virgin olive oil (Olea europaea L.) to limit or inhibit the accumulation of these salts in number of organic Tissues and normalization of the variables in the balance oxidants - antioxidants and a number of Biochemical and Physiological parameters in addition to the Histological Changes in Liver, Kidney and Testis of the white male rats used through 30 day of The experiment, The present study aimed to evaluate activity of many plant juice Like sour Cherry (Prunu scersus L) sweet Cherry (Prunu savium L.)sweet paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) and Banana (Musa paradisiacal L.) in number of Biochemical and Physiological variation, in addition to Histological changes in the Liver, Kidney and Testis in white male rats and oxidative stress induced by Hydrogen peroxide(0.5%) during the experimental period of 30. current study investigation included the effect of exposing the white male rats for continuous lighting and the constant darkness for a period (30 days).The present study aimed show the effect of Tryptophan experimental in most Physiological, Biochemical and Histological activities. The experiments had been performed in the animal house at Dept.of Biology of Education Fecundity at Tikrit Univ. from Jan. 2011 through July 2011. male rats were measured (250 - 350)gram, in age (16 - 20) weeks, (110) experimental, the rats were divided to (22) groups in which each consisted of (5) rats.The first experiment results have revealed the following : - 1 - The giving of Ferro alone and the Second dose has caused a noticed significant increase at the level of (p<0.01) in the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) and in the concentrations of each of Glucose(Glu), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low density of lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), (VLDL - C), Malondialdehyde(MDA)and Peroxy nitrite(ONOO.) compared with control group, whereas it caused a high significant decrease at the level of (p< 0.01) in the concentration of each of High Density of lipoprotein of cholesterol(HDL - C), Total protein (TP), Glutathione(GSH) and ceruloplasmin(CP) and a decrease in sperm parameters. The two groups have also noticed a significant decrease of (p<0.01) in the concentrations of the melatonin hormone in the rats blood serum, growth Hormone and the Luteinizing hormone, in addition to the testosterone hormone and a decrease in the effectiveness of the catalase enzyme; taking into consideration the accumulative increase of Ferro element in the liver, kidneys and testes for both groups. As for the accumulation of copper, it has been noticed in the second dose group in liver, kidneys, and testes tissues, whereas the group of animals exposed to Ferro alone has noticed a high significant decrease in copper concentration in the three studied organs.2 - The giving of a first dose to white male rats (rattus ratus) has revealed a lack of significant differences in each of the total number of white blood cells, and the concentrations of most of biochemical parameters and sperm parameters, taking into consideration the significant decrease in the concentrations of each of (HDL - C), (GSH), (CP), (Mel), and (CAT). It has been noticed the occurrence of a significant increase in the concentration of (LDL - C). This group has also suffered a significant and insignificant increase in the Ferro accumulation in the studied organs, with a simple decrease of the accumulation of copper element in the three studied elements compared to the sound control group.3 - The giving of the three vegetal extracts which are Punica granatum L., Comellia sinensis L., and Olea europaea L. for animals exposed to second dose has caused a high significant decrease (p< 0.01). The effective power of extracts according to their arrangement and order in which first is Olea europaea L., then Punica granatum L., and lastly is Camellia sinensis L. have revealed positive significant changing in many biochemical parameters, with high significant increasing in (Mel), (GH), (LH), and (T) blood serum conc. in addition to the effectiveness of (CAT), compared to the group of animals exposed to second dose. All the sperm parameters in each of Olea europaea L. and Punica granatum L. have revealed a significant increase compared to the second dose group, whereas the Comellia sinensis L. has not revealed the occurrence of significant changes in most of the sperm parameters except in the percentage of active and moving sperms when compared with the second dose group.As for the accumulation of mineral elements, all the groups treated with vegetal extracts and exposed to second dose have witnessed a decrease in the accumulation of Ferro element in the liver, kidneys and testes tissues when compared with the second dose group, and this is also a fact concerning the accumulation of copper element.4 - The giving of Ferro alone and second dose have caused clear malady and tissue changes represented by diffusion of fat drops in a wide range between the liver cells. There has also been a poisonous and harmful effect of kidney tissue represented by the harm occurring in the disintegration and damage of the glomerulus and damage to the renal tubules, on the level of testis tissue, there have occurred huge damages in most tissue structures of the testes with a loss of most of the sperm formation stages, whereas the first dose group has not revealed any clear tissue changes compared to the sound control group. These changes have decreased when treated with vegetal extracts for each of Punica grantum L., Olea europaea L. and Comellia sinensis L. with the availability of Ferro and copper elements, since these elements have largely decreased the negative effects by affecting the three tissue levels which are liver, kidney and testes. Olea europaea L. has revealed a magnificent role on the reformative level of damaged tissues with a big similarity to the control group which exceeded both of Punica granatum L. and Comellia sinensis L. compared to the second dose group.Second experiment results : - 1 - The treatment of animals with hydrogen peroxide revealed very high significant changes at the level of (p<0.01), (p<0.05) in white blood cells, and in most of the biochemical and hormone criteria and sperm parameters which are similar to the effect of each of the Ferro dose alone and the second dose when compared with the sound control group.2 - The treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide with Capsicum annuum L. and Musa paradisiacal L. separately Shown positive effect more than Prunus cersus L. and Prunus avium L. all juice led to the occurrence of noticed significant decrease at the level of (p<0.01) in the total number of white blood cells and in the concentrations of (Glu), (TC), (TG), (LDL - C), (VLDL - C), (MAD) and the root (ONOO.). This is compared with the group exposed to hydrogen peroxide alone, taking into consideration the occurrence of high significant increase in the concentrations of (HDL - C), (TP), (GSH), (CP) and in sperm parameters. There has also been noticed a significant increase in (p<0.01) in the concentrations of each of (Mel), (GH), (T) and (CAT)and (LH) compared to the group exposed to hydrogen peroxide alone.3 - The treatment with industrial tryptophan did not reveal any changes in the total number of most of the studied biochemical and hormone concentrations, but there has been witnessed an occurrence of significant decrease in the concentration of (LDL - C). As for the sperm parameters, the changes were between significant decrease and no significant changes when compared with the control group, with a significant increase in the effectiveness of enzyme CAT and concentration of hormone (Mel) in blood plasma with the sound control group.4 - The exposition of male rats (rattus ratus) to a period of continuous lightness led to the occurrence of several physiological and biochemical changes and to a high significant increase of (p<0.01) in sperm parameters and in the concentrations of hormones (Mel), (GH), (T), and (CAT) in blood plasma when compared with the control group; except for the occurrence of high significant increase in concentration of (LH). The darkness group revealed slight insignificant changes in most of the biochemical criteria and between the lack of changes in concentrations of (GH), hormone (T) and enzyme (CAT). This group also suffered the occurrence of high significant increase in concentration of (Mel) and a significant decrease in concentration of hormone (LH) when compared to the control group.5 - The giving (H2O2)caused several tissue changes in the livers of male rats (Rattus ratus). This has caused clear tissue and malady changes and similar to the Ferro and second dose groups. These changes have reduced when treated with Prunus cersus L., Prunus avium L., Capsicum annuum L. and Musa paradisiacal L. with the presence of hydrogen peroxide in that it greatly reduced the negative effects of hydrogen peroxide on the level of the three tissues of liver, kidney and testes. There is a lack of harmful tissue effects of industrial tryptophan on the tissues under study, when compared with the control group. In addition, both groups of rats exposed to durations of continuous lightness and darkness have suffered very huge tissue damage on the level of the three tissues, but the continuous lightness group suffered more damage when compared with the control group and continuous darkness duration.

دراسة علاقة الاجهاد التاكسدي ببعض العوامل الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في احداث الاجهاض لدى النساء الحوامل في مدينة كركوك == Study of The Relation of Oxidative Stress With Some Physiological, Biochemical And Histological Factors in Abortion Induction Among Pregnant Women in Kirkuk Province

اسم المؤلف: ليلى عبد الستار صادق سليمان ليلاني
اسم المشرف: صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي | زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الفسلجة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة للفترة من 1 كانون الثاني 2010 ولغاية 31 كانون الاول 2011 في مستشفى كركوك العام ومستشفى ازادي التعليمي في مدينة كركوك وشملت الدراسة (160) سيدة من السيدات اللواتي يراجعن صالات الولادة وكانت على الشكل الاتي : (100) سيدة تعاني من الاجهاض و(3 | The study was conducted from the 1st of January 2010 till the 31 December 2011 in Kirkuk - General hospital and Azadi - teaching hospital in Kirkuk province, the study was included (160) women who are attending labor word and they are follows : (100) women who have abortion, [30]normal vaginally delivered women and they are regarded 1st control group, in addition to that another [30]new pregnant women between (14 - 16) weeks of pregnancy aged (16 - 45) years who are regarded as 2nd control group and they are consulted special Gynecologists for primary health care center for follow up. The current study was designed for research purposes to detected some of Biochemical , hematological and histological variables which have direct relationship with oxidative stress among studied sample to determine the effect of this variables on aborted women in Kirkuk province. The study found that : 1 - There was a continues increasing in the number of abortion between the year 2010 - 2011. 2 - Many causes were related to abortion occurrence which arranged according to their importance as follow : Hormonal. Infective, Congenital, parasitic. 3 - Villi dimension (width and length) measures less than those of 1st control group (normal vaginally delivered women).4 - Placental weight (wt) taken from aborted women measure less than those taken normal delivered group (1st control group).5 - From the study results, it was indicated that the total body mass index (BMI) among aborted women recorded less significant value (p< 0.05) than those of 1st control group and high significant value in comparison to the 2nd control group (new pregnant women 6 - The current study show that the consented level of malondialdehyde(MDA) in blood serum among aborted women is higher than those of 1stcontrol group and 2nd control group. Also it was indicated that the level of MDA in placental extracted is higher than 1stcontrol group.7 - Regarding Glutathione concentration, the aborted women recorded significant elevation in level of blood serum in comparison to the two mentioned control groups, also its concentration in placental extract is higher than 1st control group only.8 - The study found that the level of glutathione peroxidase GPX concentration is significant decrease among aborted women in comparison to the 1st control group while the level of peroxy nitrate PN was a significantly increase in its concentration in blood serum.9 - The current study revealed that there is now a significant in albumin conc. And uric acid in blood serum among aborted women in comparison to2nd control group.10 - The study referred to the significant different value (p<0.05) in concentration of estrogen hormone in blood serum among aborted women which indicated that there is a low conc. also progesterone hormone level recorded less than in the women in comparison both control groups.11 - The study found that the Concentration of Tri - iodothyronine hormone which recorded is a low in aborted women comparison both control group while thyroxin hormone referred to the a significantly decreased in blood serum comparison to 1st control group and now significant comparison to 2nd control group.12 - Concerning the prolactin hormone level which recorded alow conc. Level among aborted women.13 - Blood pressure recorded a significant decrease in both tow measures (systolic and diastolic).14 - Hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells (R.B.C) recorded a significant decrease in its value among aborted women and a significantly elevation in white blood cells level(W.B.C)in comparison to both control groups.15 - Toxoplasmosis antibodies were detected in 10% of aborted women.16 - Histological studies, Histological study revealed that there is an obvious cross - sectional placental changes among studied women. The study show that there is a large amount of Red Blood Cells (R.B.C.) in placental section among women subjected to previous complete abortion which indicates a sever hemorrhage, the RBC seen collected in some area of referring to degeneration and hemolysis process with the presence of small piece of uteri in the tissue epithelium distributed between red blood cells due to while in women subjected to spontaneous abortion, the histological appearance enlarge and small pieces of uterine tissue epithelium distributed blood vessels which indicated that is an aggregation of RBC and seen of the nuclei appear atrophied in there is a presence of double size degradation nuclei and hemolysis of muscle nuclei which presented either spindle or flat in shape.In women subjected to incomplete abortion, the histological section a show the of uterine lying cells with muscle cells and bleeding due to rupture of placental blood vessels with hemolysis of red blood cell which appear like clusters duo to congestion process and the muscular layer appears clear fibers, necrosis.It is also obvious that in those women who subjected to in complete abortion, there is a large amount of falling muscle tissue with abortion process which is a thin structure with little necrosis in some area of it hamolysis can be seen presented by R.B.C decomposition and swelling of uterine lying nuclei and necrosis which the chromatin bodies appear either as spare parts or atrophied for the final analysis with the other appeared empty and necrolizal due to ruptured uterine lying epithelium and hemolysis is of R.B.C

دراسة وبائية لاميبا النسج في مدينة كركوك وعلاقته بالجذور الحرة في مصل دم المصابين == Epidemiological Study on Entamoeba Histolytica in Kirkuk City And Its Relationship With Free Radicals in Blood Serum of Infected Persons

اسم المؤلف: ليما طارق يواش لازار
اسم المشرف: شهاب احمد محمد الجبوري | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية فحص 600 عينة غائط للمرضى المراجعين لمستشفى الاطفال في مدينة كركوك للفترة من 1/12/2010 الى 17/7/2011 للتحري عن طفيلي Entamoeba histolytica.تم فحص عينات الغائط بطريقة المسحة المباشر باستخدام المجهر الضوئي للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية وال | The present study includes the examination of stool sample of patients attended pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city for period from 1st of December till 17th July 2011 for detection of Entamoeba histolytica.The stool samples were examined by direct wet mount method, using light microscope for detection of trophozoites and cysts stages of parasite. The study showed that the rate of infection with E. histolytica / E. dispar was 21.67% (130 of 600). The cystic stages were dominant in infected stool samples which being 53.85% (70 of 130), while the trophozoite stage was 15.38 % (20 of 130). The epidemiological survey based on direct stool examination showed the rate of infection among females was 23.07% (60 of 260) in comparison with males 20.59% (70 of 340). The highest rate of infection was among the age group 1 - 5 years 25.5% (69 of 270). The highest rate was also in children of illiterate parents 26.1% (68 of 260). The biochemical tests were carried out to estimate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and selenium. The study showed that the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde increased in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls, while the study showed decreased selenium concentration in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was done to estimate serum IgG level for Entamoeba histolytica, the rate of seropositivity for IgG was 21.68% (18 of 83). The rate of IgG in positive sample was 17.73% (7 of 41) while in negative sample was 26.19% (11 of 42).

دراسة بكتيريولوجية وراثية لبعض الانواع المعزولة من المصابين وغير المصابين بداء السكري == Bacteriological And Genetic Study of Some Species of Bacteria That Isolated From Patients And Healthy of Diabetes

اسم المؤلف: قناة محمود عطية سلامة الجبوري
اسم المشرف: كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري | رشيد حميد حسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومختبرات قسم علوم الحياة - كلية العلوم في جامعة تكريت للمدة من كانون الثاني 2010 لغاية كانون الثاني 2011، تضمنت جمع 534 عينة من اخماج المسالك البولية والجروح للمرضى المصابين بالنوع الاول والثاني من السكري | The study was conducted in the Laboratories of Teaching Tikrit Hospital and the laboratories of the Biology Department - College of Science - Tikrit University from January 2010 to the January 2011. In this study five hundreds thirty four samples of urine and wounds from patients with diabetes and healthy were collected from both sexes and all ages to isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria by morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics then determination of virulence factors and genetic variation between dominant type depending on the isolating source and the type of infection in diabetic patients. The counts of urinary tract infections and wound infection in non _diabetic patients were 118 and 52 respectively.The percentage of positive isolation of bacteria for both of them were 44, and 38.4% respectively and from the same patients with urinary tract Infections and wounds and Insulin Depended Diabetes (IDD) patients were 158 and 68 samples respectively and the percentage of bacterial isolation were at 78.5 and 67.6% respectively. The patients with Insulin Non - dependent Diabetes (INDD) were 69 and 42 samples, where positive isolates from bacteria were 75 and 71.4% respectively. The infections females from the Healthy and Diabetes Patients that (IDD) or (INDD) were larger than that of the males patients and with the same state with the wounds infections state for (IDD) patients, whereas the rate was smaller than of males for wounds infections to patients with the other diabetes infections type. The age group between 41 - 60 years was the larger percentage with all infections, except with wounds infections to (INDD) patients, while the age group between 16 - 40 years was the larger, and the infections were the largest means in the Winter and Autumn compare the other seasons.The higher rate of bacteria that isolated from patients with Urinary Tract Infections was Escherichia coli then other types like Citrobacter diversus , Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The larger rate of bacteria in patients with diabetes and wounds Infections was Escherichia coli then Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Morganella morganii and Staphylococcus aureus. The rate of diabetes infections with urinary tract infections and wounds increased in winter and autumn seasons more than of summer and spring seasons, Most bacterial isolates where sensitive for chloramphenicol.Other antibiotics were highly variable in their ability to inhibit bacterial isolates.the bacterial isolates were different in their ability to produce virulence factors, the diabetes infections was the reason of increase the variation in their ability to produce that virulence factor and the bacteria that isolated from diabetes patients produced haemolysine factor and capsule.PCR technique was used to show the genetic variations for the more repeats bacterial isolates isolated from all sources infections and used the Specific Primers (KPSMT II) group II capsule, (CNF1) Cytotoxic Necrotizing factor, (CNFs) and (HLY A) haemolysine, the bands appeared after electrophoresis to represent the used Primers, one band was appeared in the sample of diabetes Patients with Urinary Tract Infections(KPSMT II) at molecular weight 270 bp, and one band appeared in the sample of diabetes with urinary tract infections for Primer (HLY A) and it is molecular weight was 177 bp. One band appeared in the sample of diabetes patients for the primer (CNF1)hg with Wound Infections and it is molecular weight 450 bp, and there is not any band in the Primer (CNFs).

دراسة وراثية خلوية وجزيئية للتاثير الوقائي للكركم في سمية العقار ميترونيدازول في الفئران البيض == Cytogenetic And Molecular Study of Protective Effect of Curcumin in Toxicity of Metronidazole in White Mice

اسم المؤلف: فائق ابراهيم علي محمود
اسم المشرف: عادل فوزي شهاب
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الوراثة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية لغرض التعرف على التاثيرات السمية الوراثية والسمية الخلوية للعقار ميترونيدازول(MTZ) في الفئران البيض Balb/ C والتاثير الوقائي الذي توفره المعاملة المسبقة بالكركم(CUR) في سمية العقار ميترونيدازول. تم استخدام مؤشرات الوراثة الخلوية (النو | The current study was designed to identify the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Mitronidazole (MTZ) and protective effect of Curcumin (CUR) against the toxicity of MTZ in whit mice. Cytogenetic endpoints (micronuclei (MN) and mitotic chromosomes), Productive biomarkers (sperms), molecular cytogenetic biomarkers (comet assay), molecular endpoints (genomic and mitochondrial DNA concentration in liver and spleen and testis) and mutation assessment in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of liver and testis by PCR and restriction pattern were used to evaluate genotoxicity, cytotoxicity of MTZ and protective effects of CUR in white Balb/Cmice. The study was conducted in the laboratories of college of education, college of science in Tikrit university and laboratories in the state company for drugs industry - Samarra - Iraq (SDI). Dosages of 30 and 50 mg/kb.b.wt. of MTZ were tested for genotoxic and cytotoxic and mutagenic effects in somatic and sperms of white mice. The dosages 4.5 and 10 mg/kgb.wt. of CUR were used to study the protective effects of CUR in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity and mutagenecity of MTZ. The current study showed that MTZ has genotoxic effect expressed by high frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (PECs) which reached 15.5 ± 2.88 with the dosage 30 mg/kg.b.wt. and 21.31 ± 4.2 with the dosage 50mg/kg.b.wt. compared with 7.25 ± 1.88 in negative control. In the study of the protective effects of CUR against genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of MTZ, we observed that in mice treated with the dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt of CUR for 9 days before the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ, There were significant p<0.05 decrease in MN frequency which reached 13.25 ± 4.19 compared with 21.31 ± 4.2 for mice treated with the dosage 50mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ withoutCurcumin. The study showed that MTZ has cytotoxicity expressed by significant p<0.05 decrease in mitotic index (MI) which reached 0.010 in bone - marrow of the mice treated with 50 mg/kg.b.wt. compared with 0.023 in negative control. The dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt. of CUR for 9 days before giving the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ resulted in returning of MI in bone - marrow 0.021 to its levels in negative control 0.023 compared with its value which reached 0.010 with the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ. The two dosages 30 and 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ caused significant p<0.05 decrease in total number of sperms which reached 2.4±2.4 and 1.5 ± 0.1 milions simultaneously compared with 6.7 ± 0.9 millions in negative control. More over there were significant p<0.05 decrease in motile sperms which reached 25.2 ± 11.0 and 14.6 ± 10.6 compared with 57.6 ± 8.0 of negative control. Significant p<0.01 decrease in the length of mid - piece and total length of sperm tail with the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ which reached 19.2 ± 6.0 and 69.0 ± 6.0 simultaneously compared with 31.6 ± 9.0 and 100.3 ± 15.0for negative control. Treating with the dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt. of CUR for 9 day before the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ resulted in the return of mid - piece and total length of sperm tail which reached 29.5 ± 3.0 and 95.0 ± 5.0 close to the levels of negative control 31.06 ± 9.0 and 100.3 ± 15.0 simultaneously. Compared to 19.2 ± 6.0 for the length of mid - piece and 69.0 ± 6.0 for total length of sperm tail in mice treated with the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ without previous treatment with CUR. The study of damage levels in DNA with comet assay showed that MTZ induced significant p<0.01 levels of damage reached 45.4 ± 2.36 with the dosage 50mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ in bone - marrow and 36.8 ± 0.58 in liver cells compared with 9.0 ± 2.12 and 5.2 ± 0.58 simultaneously in negative control. There were decrease occurred in the level of damage in DNA of bone - marrow and liver cells. However it did not return to its levels of negative control 9.0 ± 2.12 in bone - marrow and 5.2 ± 0.58 in liver cells. OTM values reached 26.4 ± 1.29 and 24.0 ± 1.14 in mice treated with the dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt. of CUR for 9 days before the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ. However The values of OTM lower than its values in bone - marrow 45.4 ± 2.36 and 36.8 ± 1.66 in liver cells of mice treated with the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. without CUR. In the molecular study, The results showed mutagenic effect of the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ in mice mtDNA expressed by novel restriction sites for Bam - HI and Hind - III in liver tissue and SauA3 in testis. The treatment of mice with the dosage 4.5mg/kg.b.wt. of CUR for 9 days before the dosage 50mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ did not resulted in the inhibition of mutagenesis in mtDNA. In conclusion, results of this study showed that MTZ has genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in white mice and mutagenic effect in mice mtDNA. The dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt.of Curcumin has protective effect against genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of MTZ. on the other hand the dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt. of Curcumin has no protective effect against mutagenicity of MTZ in mice mtDNA.

دراسة عدد من المتغيرات الفسلجية والمناعية لدى النساء المصابات بالتهاب السبيل البولي في مدينة تكريت == Study Some of Physiological And Immunological Parameters in Women With Urinary Tract Infections in Tikrit City

اسم المؤلف: لبنى عبد الجبار ياسين
اسم المشرف: موسى جاسم محمد الحميش
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الفسلجة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الهدف الرئيس لهذه الدراسة هو معرفة علاقة الانترلوكينات(IL - 2, IL - 4, IL - 6) ببعض الهرمونات لدى النساء المصابات بالتهاب السبيل البولي.تضمنت هذه الدراسة 116عينة دم من النساء المراجعات للعيادات الخارجية التابعة لمستشفى تكريت التعليمي اللواتي تترواحت اع | The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of Interleukines (IL - 2, IL - 4, and IL - 6) with hormones in women with inflammation of the urinary tract. This study involved (116) women visiting outpatient clinic of Tikrit Teaching Hospital for the period from September 2011 until February 2012. The ages of women were 16 - 50 years, and blood samples were taken for each of these women for the purpose of determining the levels of sex hormones (FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) and the levels Interleukines (IL - 6, IL - 4, IL - 2) and identify some of the variables blood parameters (WBC, ESR) and C - reactive protein Twenty samples were taken from the blood of women who are not infected and non - pregnant as a control group samples. The patients divided into three groups, which included non - pregnant women infected and pregnant women who are infected and pregnant non - infected urinary tract (UTI) also samples of the study was divided by periods of gestation into three periods included the first period (1 - 12 weeks) and the second period (12 - 24 weeks) and the third period (24 - 40 weeks) of pregnancy The results of the current study showed that there is significant increase in ESR for a pregnant women infected and pregnant women non - effected with UTI when compared to control (P ? 0.01) and highest level of ESR was in the last third of pregnancy, The total Count of white blood cells (WBC), results showed a significant difference between the three groups compared to the control group, had the highest level for (WBC) in the last third of pregnancy. As for the study of hormones when measuring the level of the hormone LH showed a significant decrease (P ? 0.05) for the three groups compared to control and the steepest decline of hormone level was in the last third of pregnancy. The hormone FSH got a significant decrease in the three groups compared with a control (P ? 0.01), lowest level was in the third trimester of pregnancy.Estrogen level showed a significant decrease (P ? 0.01) for a non pregnant women with UTI compared with a control, and show a significant increase in the level of the two sets of hormone - positive pregnant non - infected, and the highest increase was in last third of Pregnancy in both groups. The progesterone showed a significant increase in the level of the pregnant infected and pregnant non - infected (P ? 0.01) compared with a control group. While in non - pregnant, there is no significant difference. The testosterone level increased significantly (P ? 0.05) in the three groups compared to control group. the level Interleukines, Tests showed that a significant increase(p ? 0.01) in the level of interleukin - 2 (IL - 2) for a pregnant women with (UTI) compared with a control and a significant decrease in the last third of pregnancy in pregnant women which is non infected compared to the rest of the gestation periods, and for the level of interleukin - 4 The present study showed a significant increase (p ? 0.01) in the level of interleukin - 4 (IL - 4) for a non - pregnant women with (UTI) compared with a controlThe highest level reached by IL - 4 was in the last third of pregnancy in the non - infected at (p ? 0.05), interleukin - 6 has a significant decrease for the two sets of pregnant women with (UTI) and non - infected, compared with the control group and the absence of significant differences between the two sets of pregnant women infected and non - infectedRegarding level of C - reactive protein there is a significant increase (P ? 0.01) in the two groups of pregnant and non pregnant women compared with a control, and significant differences between control group and a group of pregnant non - infected.

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Enterococcus faecalis من مصادر مرضية مختلفة ودراسة امراضيتها في الفئران المختبرية == Isolation And Diagnosis of Enterococcus Faecalis From Different Clinical Sources And Study of The Pathogenicity in Experimental Mice

اسم المؤلف: عباس ياسين حسن
اسم المشرف: وعد محمود رؤوف | عباس عبود فرحان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية بهدف عزل وتشخيص المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis من مصادر سريرية مختلفة، وتقييم التغيرات المظهرية والافات المرضية في بعض اعضاء الفئران البيض السويسرية المصابة تجريبيا لذا تضمنت هذه الدراسة محورين رئيسين هما : الجانب ال | The present study was conducted to isolate and diagnose an Enterococcus faecalis which are isolated from different clinical sources, and evaluate the appearance changes and pathological lesions in some Swiss white mice organs which are infected experimentally, so this study deals with two main aspects : The bacteriological type : The results obtained may be summarized as follows : - The total number of (310) clinical samples were collected from Baquba Educational Hospital and Al - Batol Hospital for Maternity and Children in Baquba city from the beginning of March to the end of September (2009) with various ages and from both sexes, including (82) urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections, (46) vaginal swab from infection of female reproduction system, (45) surgical wound swabs, (38) stool sample from patients with abdominal pains and diarrhea, (32) throat swabs from tonsillitis patients, (25) middle ear swabs, (22) burn swabs, and (20) blood sample from patients with bacteremia and prosthetic valvular heart diseases. The isolates diagnose depended on the cultural and microscobial characteristics and biochemical tests, serological diagnosis according to Lancefield method and assertion diagnosis according to (API - 20 Strep) was done to find (32) isolates of Enterococcus : (28) isolates of E. faecalis (87.5%), (3) isolates of E. faecium (9.4%) and one isolate of E.gallinarum (3.1%). - The sensitivity of E. faecalis was tested against (23) different antibiotics. The isolates showed resistance of about (100%) against Aztreonam, Amikacin, Co - Trimoxazole, Cephalexin and Cefotaxime, while the isolates were sensitive about (100%) against Amoxicillin, Nitrofurantoin, Imipenem and Ampicillin, while they showed a various resistance to another antibiotics involved in this study. - The ability of the isolates for producing the Beta - lactamase enzymes was tested by the standard rapid iodometric method. The results showed the disability of these isolates for producing the Beta - lactamase enzymes. - The production ability of E. faecalis for some virulence factors was evaluated. The results showed the ability of these isolates of adherence to the uroepithelial cells of human's urinary system were (93%), and (82.1%) were bacteriocin producer, and (28.6%) were hemolysin producer, and (43%) were gelatinase producer, and (10.7%) were lipase producer, and (35.7%) were capsule producer, and (14.3%) were cytolysin producer, while none of the isolates under the study showed the ability of haemagglutination.Histopathology type : (4.6 x 106) cell / ml concentration of the bacterial suspension of E. faecalis was used orally on mice and histopathological changes were examined after (3, 5, 7, 14) days of infection, which revealed the ability of bacteria for colonization and causing pathological lesions and many histological changes in the liver, kidney, small intestine and hearts of these animals. The damage in the animal tissues of the second group (treated with Streptomycin and EFU10) was more than that in the third group (treated with Streptomycin and EFS14), and fourth group (treated with EFU10 only). Generaly, the most important histopathological changes were the necrosis in some areas, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in infected tissues. These pathological lesions cause damage and decompose of tissues with distortion of their morphologies.

دراسة وبائية تشخيصية لداء اللشمانيا مع تحديد انماط الطفيل المسبب بواسطة تقنية PCR وتمييز الانواع الناقلة من ذبابة الرمل sand fly في محافظة ديالى == Epidemio Diagnostic Study for Leishmaniasis With Determination of Parasite Strain’s By PCR Technique And Morphologically Differmates The Species of Sand Fly Vector in Diyala Governorate

اسم المؤلف: جابر عودة كاظم
اسم المشرف: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي | عبد الله حسين عبد الله الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية تسليط الضوءعلى انتشار داء اللشمانيا الجلدية والاحشائية المتسبب من قبل الطفيلي Leishmania spp في مناطق مختلفة في محافظة ديالى ودراسة الظروف البيئية المساهمة في انتشار المرض ومقارنة الفحوصات السريرية والمختبرية والمصلية المستخدمة في تش | The aims of present study to illuminate a light on visceral and cutaneous leishminiasis disease caused by leishminia Spp parasite as registered in Diyal Governorate, and study the environment condition which contributed in diffusion the disease and comparison the tests of clinical, Laboratory and serological tests which used in diagnosing with PCR technique test, the study included many steps. 1. The epidemiologically which is main to determine the rates of infection as registered in some district of Diyala province in according to the age, sex, and the month of the year so according to the environmental conditions : - 7200 samples of blood collected from many different ages persons from different districts in Diyala. (3009 males, 4011 females) are examined. The study shows a positive cases of 607 distributed among the districts including (Jalawlaa, Bani Saa'd, Baladruz, Baquba, Alodeim amd DeliAbbas) these register a highest percentage of infection in Jalawlaa sub - district about 12.8% and less percentage of infection are in Baquba about 1.3% whiel is register highest percentage of in infection were (>1 - 5) years about 13.2% and lower percentage infection (<5 - 10) years wuth rate 2.4% so the groups of ages (25 - 30) years didn't appear any infections. according to the gender the males are high from the females whom effected with this disease the number of males (432) case with rate 71, 1%. The number of infected females about 175 cases with rate 28.8%.while in the month of years were the male infection are a highest infection in January - 2012, but did not register any infection in (June and July). The environmental condition infective in prevalence the disease between the people whom resident the houses which breed the animals inside, the number of infections are 245 cases from 607 positive cases with rate 40.3%. This was the low rate 4.9% from the infected people because of rats in their hoses. which didn't kill them. 2. The comparison of diagnostic methods of clinical test, laboratory test and serological test, with the molecular methods from the direction of sensitivity and specificity, The studies results appeared the importance of clinical test subtle in case of a similar cases depend on the clinical symptoms there are a highest cases from clinical test that the children suffering from liver magle their number are 176 cases the rate 80.36%, but the lowest cases of clinical test are 59.19% whom suffered from a skin pallor and black. The laboratory tests appeared the blood picture through testing the 350cases whom suspicion in their infection with leishmaniasis, the number of whom suffering from the lower of WBC 73 with rate 34.2%, while the low cases are 6 with rate 2.82% from whom suffering from hipper ESR, but the serological test was IFAT, Dipsrtick, spotkala - azor, ELISA, KA tex LATEX. Diagnostic infection leishmaniasis a best in diagnostic disease is dipstick test it's sensitivity are 95%, but it's specificity 100% but the lowest is the test of LATEX, it's sensitivity 75% and specificity 80%.3. The Molecular methods : PCR technique test clear recently the new highest sensitivity in diagnosis when the number of the parasite are a little in the blood in the infections peoples whom choose in random way. when testing 100 samples of DNA from the infection with cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, the number of infected male are 73, But the number of infected females are 27 with leishmaniasis. and studying the relation between PCR diagnosis according to the sex, age, district and environment condition, so as the recognize between the species of the parasite from the sequence Nitrogen basics with number in each species, (the species are L.donovani, L.infantum, L.tropica, L.major) so recognize the vector insect sand fly Morphology by key classification (ph.alexandri, ph.papatasi Ph.sergentasi, and sqauanlpleuris).

تقييم استخدام الانترليوكينات في تشخيص تسمم الدم الجرثومي لدى الاطفال حديثي الولادة في تكريت == Evaluation Uses The Interleukines for Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis in Tikrit

اسم المؤلف: هبة حازم صالح
اسم المشرف: موسى جاسم محمد الحميش | عاشور رفعت سرحت
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الهدف الرئيس لهذه الدراسة هواستخدام الانترلوكيناتInterleukin - 8, Interleukin - 10 (IL - 8, IL - 10) كعلامة تشخيصية للتسمم الدموي الجرثومي لدى حديثي الولادة. تضمنت الدراسة 45 عينة دم من الاطفال حديثي الولادة الراقدين في ردهة الاطفال في مستشفى تكريت الت | The main aim of this study was uses the Interleukines IL - 8 and IL - 10 as diagnosis marker for neonatal sepsis. This study involved 45 blood samples, were taken from neonates admitted to the pediatrics - neonatal wards at Tikrit Teaching Hospital who were clinically diagnosed as sepsis for the period from September 2011 until March 2012. The ages of neonates were 1 - 30day, and this blood samples were taken for the purpose of determining the levels Interleukines IL - 8 and IL - 10 and identify (WBC and C - reactive protein). Seventeen samples were taken from the blood of neonates without of septicemia as a control group samples. The results of the current study showed non significant differences in total white blood cells count for patients with sepsis when compared with a control group. and showed non significant differences in total white blood cells count for patients with sepsis as gestation birth, sex and birth weight compared to the control group. Regarding level of C - reactive protein there was no significant differences between the control group and the patients with sepsis as gestation birth and sex. and showed a significant differences in C - reactive protein level for patients compared to the control group as birth weight. The Interleukine levels showed that a significant increase in the level of interleukin - 8 (IL - 8) for all patients mals and femals, preterm or full - term and who there weight < 2.5 or >2.5kg compared with a control group. this results showed that the relationship between IL - 8 and WBCs was not significant differences at (p<0.05). and for the level of interleukin - 10 the present study showed a significant increase for patients with sepsis as gestation birth, sex and birth weight compared to the control group, the relationship between IL - 10 and WBCs was not significant differences at(p<0.05). The relationship between IL - 1o, IL - 8 and WBCs was not significant differences. when comparison The results as end result for sepsis show is the absence of significant differences (p<0.05) for patients who became good and who had complications compared with the control group. At last, the study concluded that the Interleukines IL - 8 and IL - 10 levels increase in early time for Inflammation ;So its agood diagnosis marker for neonatal sepsis.

تاثير اضافة عناصر الكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم والحديد الى الوسط الغذائي في حياتية خنفساء الطحين الصدئية Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Tenebrionidaci) Coleoptera :) == Effect of Calcium, Magnisium And Iron Elements With Various Nutreint Sources on Biology of Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) Tenebrionidaci) Coleoptera : )

اسم المؤلف: حوراء ياسين احمد عبد
اسم المشرف: برهان مصطفى محمد الدليمي | عواد شعبان داود الناصري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة اختبار تاثير اضافة ثلاثة عناصرمعدنية الكالسيوم (Ca) المغنيسيوم (Mg) الحديد (Fe) في سطين غذائيين (الطحين والجريش) لصنفين من الحنطة (ابو غريب والعز) في حياتية خنفساء الطحين الصدئية الحمراء Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). اذ استخدمت العناصر بترا | This study includes testing the effect of addition of three elements (Ca, Mg, Fe) in flour and crushed partially debranned wheat for two kinds of wheat : Abu - ghareeb and Al - is in the life of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).using the elements under different concentrations (0.01 - 0.03 - 0.05) g.to know their effects in Tribolium inculuding : (the number of eggs, period of incubation eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation) after adding to nutreint base for the two kinds of wheat.This experiement must be in dark incubation at 35±2°C & relative humidity 75±5% during one generation the result show most important role of nutreint element in life of insect (the number eggs, period incubation eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation). on side of period incubation eggs period generation there is not any mentioned effect and the most meaningful one is in kind of Al - Is comperad with Abu - ghareeb. It is noticed the maxi effect for Calisum element.It achieved the highest level in : (the number eggs, period incubation eggs, number of Larvae, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation) to ratio of flour kind of Al - Is and achieved maxi number : (the number eggs, period incubation eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation)in concentration (0.05)g.while the highest in ratio of generation agents in (Fluorine)element ratio(76.2) under concentration (0.03)g, it achieved the less ratio in the dead insect kind of Abu - ghareeb7s the highest in average number eggs, number of larvers for calisum element.while the highest value in average number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation to (Magnasium) element it is achieved the highest in number of eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, in concentration (0.05)g and the higher of average ratio new generation is (66) and the higher ratio new generation (79.3) is concentarte (0.03)g.It is noticed the relationship between nutreint element and life of insect is parallel, that is, concentrates increased, number of growing also increased except (Fluorine) element the relation is inversion. on side of crushed partially debranned wheat the effect is more meaningful in kind of Abu - ghareeb than in Al - Iz.Calicum element shows acceptable results, it appeared the higher in : (the number eggs, , number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect) in Abu - ghareeb and new generation in Al - Iz. In the test of the effect of nutreint element agents in life of this insect according to the nutril base for both kinds.the result show that nutrient base of flour is more effective than the nutrient base crushed bartially debranned whaet in all steps of insect life for both kindc in flour maxi In flour maxi number in new generation about (62.5)g and the main ratio of new generation in crushed partially debranned wheat (36.3) for Abu - ghareeb kind (6.7)in flour. (61.1) crushed partially debranned wheat For Al - Is which shown the same features of the results of the effect in nutrient base without adding any elements to its life of insect

تاثير استخدام عقار الكلوميفين ستريت والقهوة العربية وفيتامين E على بعض المعايير الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في الارانب البيض المعرضة للاجهاد التاكسدي ببيروكسيد الهيدروجين == Effect of Clomiphene Citrate, Coffea Arabica And Vitamin E Use on Some Biochemical, Physiological And Histological Parameters in Albino Rabbits Exposed To Oxidative Stress Induced By Hydrogen Peroxidase

اسم المؤلف: اسماء خالد مطني محمد
اسم المشرف: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الفسلجة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم في هذه الدراسة اختبار فعالية عقار الكلوميفين ستريت Clomiphene citrate والتحري عن تاثيراته في نسيج الرحم والخصى وكذلك الهرمونات الجنسية والتكاثرية Follicular Stimulating Hormone(FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) , Prolactin, Estrogen, Testosterone, Progest | This study includes the effect of clomiphene citrate drug in uterus and testes tissue and sex, reproduction hormone (Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Prolactin (PRL), estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) and in Some Biochemical and Physiological Parameters as : WBCs counts, glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), High density lipoproteins - cholesterol (HDL - C), Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), Very low density lipoproteins - cholesterol (VLDL - C), Total protein, albumin, globulin, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in males and females Albino rabbits sera which have oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) for (20) days, compare with the control rabbits.The study involud : - comparison the effects of vitamin E effects and (100mg\kg) body weight of arabica coffea.The animals distributed and randomly divided to(8) groups (each group included 8 rabbits : 4 males+ 4 females) as follow : control group, Hydrogen peroxide (0.05) group, (2mg\kg of B.W) clomiphene citrate (c.c.) group, (2mg\kg of B.W) clomiphene citrate group, (500mg\kg of B.W) vitamin E+(10mg\kg of B.W) clomiphene citrate, (100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea group, Hydrogen peroxide (0.05) +(100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea group and (10mg\kg of B.W)(c.c.) +(100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea group. The results revealed : - 1 - The treatment of males and females of Animal by clomiphene citrate (2 and 4 mg\kg of B.W) cased significant increase at leve (P? 0.05) in concentration of the FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone hormone, and Glucose, Triglycerides, Globulin, LDL - C, VLDL - C and Glutathione in both male and female compare with the control group, while the same treatment caused increase the concentrations of Testosterone and Prolactin for males, whereas in females the treatment showed increase in Testosterone and Prolactin concentrations Compare with the control. Also the treatment caused decrease Albumin concentration in male and no significant (P? 0.05) changes had been showed in the female s. Respect to total protein, WBCs count there were no significant variation (P?0.05) had been recorded for both sexes compare with the control group. So the result showed Significant increase (P? 0.05) in HDL - C in male only compare with the control group. 2 - The induced oxidative stress caused significant increase at level (P?0.05) WBCs count, Glucose, Total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL - C, LDL - C, MDA concentrations for both sexes compare with the control group.While there were no significant variation had been recorded in Albumin and Prolactin concentrations in Females and total protein concentrations for both sexes compare with the control group in another hand there were significant increase (P<0.05) in concentrations of HDL - C, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Glutathione, Progesterone, Testosterone, Estrogen, FSH, and LH of male compare with the control group.3 - The treatment of Rabbits (male and female) with (100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea revealed significant decrease (p ?0.05) in concentration of FSH, LH, estrogen, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL - C for both sexes, and PRL, testosterone , glutathione and albumen in concentrations for male compared with the control group while there treatment. 4 - Treatment males and females albino rabbits by high dose vitamin E caused significant decrease in concentration of FSH, estrogen, total cholesterol, Triglycerides and Globulin for both sexes, compared with the control group, Whereas caused also a significant decrease in concentrations LH, PRL, testosterone in male, and caused a significant decrease in concentration HDL - C in female. Whereas caused also significant increase in concentration of the glucose, MDA, glutathione and the total number of white blood cells for about sexes, and caused also significant increase in concentration of the hormones PLR, testosterone in female only. Whereas caused also a significant decrease in concentrations of HDL - C, LDL - C and VLDL - C in male, whereas no significant variation in concentration of total protein, albumin for both sexes, and in concentration of LDL - C and VLDL - C in female compared with the control group.5 - Treatment males and females albino rabbits by high dose vitamin E, clomiphene citrate, Arabica coffea and H2O2 (0.5%) showed important histological changes in testes and uterus compared with the control group. Treatment males by clomiphene citrate caused significant increase (P<0.05) in sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatids and Spermatogonia in male, whereas in uterus tissue treatment caused significant increase in granular cells, hypertrophy smooth muscular and increase cytoplasm size compared with the control group.6 - Treatment by high dose vitamin E and Arabica coffea caused damage in somniferous tubules decrease in sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatids and spermatogonia in male, whereas in uterus tissue treatment caused effected uterus gland and loss of normal form and the incident of degeneration, necrosis in the surrounding cells and decrease in vassals blood compared with the control group.The present study showing that to drug clomiphene citrate play an important role to activation the oogenesis and spermatogenesis through stimulating gonadotrophic Hormones(FSH, LH). Also the study showed the role of coffea arabica to induce the infertility through it's impact on the thyroid gland which responsible for the oogenesis and spermatogenesis.the result also showed that the high dose vitamin E working on the accumulation of free radical causing oxidative stress damaging body.

التحري عن فيروس التهاب الكبد نمط B باستخدام تقنيات ELISA وReal Time PCR في دم ولعاب المرضى في محافظة الانبار == Detection of Hepatitis B Virus By Using Elisa And Real Time PCR Techniques in Patients' Blood And Saliva in Al - Anbar Governorate

اسم المؤلف: ثائر عبد الله حسن الدليمي
اسم المشرف: امين سليمان بدوي الجنابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة في كلية التربية وفي مختبرات مستشفى الرمادي التعليمي العام ومستشفى الرمادي للنسائية والاطفال ومختبرات النظائر المشعة في بغداد للفترة من 1/11/2011 ولغاية 1/5/2012 والتي تضمنت التحري عن فيروس التهاب الكبد نمط B في | The present study has been carried out at the laboratories of the department of biology at the college of Education and the laboratories of the public - teaching Al - Ramadi hospital and Al - Ramadi hospital for women and children and laboratories of Al - Nathaer Al - Mushe'ah in Baghdad for the period from 1/11/2011 to 1/5/2012. The study consisted of the investigation about Hepatitis B virus in the saliva as compared with serum by using the ELISA and Real Time PCR techniques as well as the detection about antigens and antibody to this virus in serum. It also seeks about the liver functions enzymes and evaluating the extent of its importance for diagnosing liver disease resulted that virus. However, the obtained results showed that HBsAg antigen was found in 99.4% and (1.101± 0.335) mean ±SD in serum as compared with 48.6% in saliva with a (0.330±0.278) mean ±SD, that gave a noticeable increase when comparing it with the control group which was (0.0039± 0.0024) and (0.0017±0.0014 ) for serum and saliva respectively. The value of T test for serum and control group was (16.25) , while the value of T test for saliva and control group was (4.18). The proportion of correlation between saliva and serum in ELISA test was equal to (0.361) with high significance of test while the value of T test for them was (28.902) with high significance of test. The results have also stated that the age groups involved in the experiment contributed as being high proportion of infection in the serum, but in the saliva, these proportions were different and it has been found that the high proportion of infection was 53.3% in the group (10 - 20) yrs., While the lowest proportion was 38.4% in the (31 - 40) yrs. Moreover, it has been concluded that the number of males exceeded the number of females, but the number of females was the most infected with HBsAg in the experiment group. However, the total number of males was 91, It was found that 90 males have positive test to the HBsAg in serum with a proportion equals 98.9% whiles 42 males have a positive test to the HBsAg in saliva with a proportion equals 46.1%. on contrary, the number of female was 84 female and all of them had a positive test to the HBsAg in serum with a proportion 100% and 43 females have a positive test to the HBsAg in the saliva with 51.1 % as compared with control group which included 15 males and 10 female. All of them were negative to the HBsAg test in serum and saliva... The levels of HBV DNA were determined in the samples of positive saliva to ELISA test by using Real Time PCR. 95% from tested serum samples were positive to the viral load While in saliva 50% from the samples was HBV DNA positive. The results also showed that soluble antigen HBeAg has been detected in 24 patients with 13.7% from a total 175 patient as compared with the control group that showed a negative result to this antigen. As for the antibodies, it has been found that anti - HBc IgM was found in only 5 patients with 2.5% while anti - HBc IgG was found in 170 patients with 97.2% from the total number of patients. The control group revealed negative result for these two antibodies. The anti - HBeAg was in 150 patients with 85.7% from the total number of patients. There were no positive patients to this antibody in control group. The anti - HBs wasn’t found in any patient but it was found in the half of control group. This emphasizes to immunize against HBV in those members. The results also exposed that there was a noticeable increase in liver enzymes that it was found that ALT the elevated levels of were found in 76% of patients. As compared with the control group which has normal values 100%. As for AST enzyme was elevated in 60.6%, As compared with the control group which was normal 100%.It has been observed that ALP enzyme was elevated with a 38.4% in the experiment patients as compared with the control group which was normal 100%. Finally, the total values of TSB was elevated in 35.5%, As compared with control group which was normal 100% with (0.52±0.19). Nevertheless, it has been noticed that it cannot be judged about the person's blood on the basis that it is healthy in case of absence of surface antigen unless it is certain that his/her blood is free from HBV DNA by using the technique of Real Time PCR - since many patients who heal from past infection or their infection in a time of passive and amounts of HBV DNA can't be diagnosed by using the ELISA technique

مستوى هرمون الليبتين في مصل النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض قبل وبعد العلاج بالميتفورمين == Serum Leptin Level In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Before And After Treatment With Metformin

اسم المؤلف: بتول حسين كاظم
اسم المشرف: وليد حميد يوسف سندال النصيري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - المعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy in women, affecting 5 - 10% of women of reproductive age.The principal features of PCOS are anovulation, resulting in irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, ovulation - related infertility, and polycystic ovaries; excessive amounts or effects of androgenic hormones. Leptin, a key hormone in energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function, has a permissive role in the pathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction. Aim of the study To assess the role of serum leptin in women with PCOS and to evaluate leptin levels in PCOS women before and after treatment with metformin. Materials and Methods This prospective experimental study included 60 women of reproductive age (18 - 38years) were allocated to four groups : 15 obese women with PCOS (BMI >30 kg/m2), 15obese controls, 15 non - obese women with PCOS (BMI 18 - 30 kg/m2), and 15 non - obese controls. Serum leptin and insulin levels were measured and compared between case and control subjects also comparison done before and after treatment with metformin. Results There was a significant increase in leptin in non - obese PCOS group (8.2±2.73) compared to non - obese control (5.64±1.43), (P value=0.0032), insulin level was significantly higher in PCOS group (15.87±6.65) than control (5.47±1.68), (P value<0.001). There was significant decrease in BMI, leptin and insulin levels after 12 weeks of metformin treatment in obese and non - obese PCOS subjects. Conclusions Leptin level increased remarkably with increasing body weight. It is higher in non - obese PCOS women in comparison with non - obese healthy women. Treatment with metformin for 12 weeks resulted in significant reduction in leptin levels in both obese and non - obese PCOS subjects.

تاثير المستخلص الكحولي لاوراق نبات ذيل العقرب Heliotropium europium وفيتامينC في بعض الجوانب الفسلجية والكيموحيوية لذكور الجرذان المعرضة للكرب التاكسدي == Effect of Heliotropium Europium Leaves Alcoholic Extract And Vitamin C in Some Physiological And Biochemical Parameters of Male Rats Exposed To Oxidative Stress

اسم المؤلف: صفا احمد عبد القادر محمد دنيدل
اسم المشرف: صاحب جمعة عبد الرحمن | عويد هيدان الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة تاثير المستخلص الكحولي لنبات ذيل العقرب Heliotropium europium في وزن الجسم وعدد من المتغيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية كتركيز الهيموكلوبينHaemoglobin (Hb) وحجم كريات الدم المرصوصةPacked cell volume (PCV) والعدد الكلي لخلايا الدم | The aim of the present study was to investigate some effects of the alcoholic extract of Heliotropium europium in body weight and some of physiological and biochemical parameter such as concentrations of Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and the total count of leukocytes (WBCs) and concentrations glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Peroxynitrite radical (ONOO - ) , Superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), glucose, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL - C), Low density lipoprotein (LDL - C), Very Low density lipoprotein (VLDL - C), Atherogenic indices levels, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea and Uric acid in serum and histological changes in liver of male rats that exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2(0.5%) with drinking water for (30) days, and comparison these effects with the effects of the vitamin C as well known antioxidants(250 mg/kg of body weight), for the purpose of this study preliminary experiments were carried out to find the most effective does of plant extracts and it was found that this does was (300 mg/ kg) body weight.The study included(35) male albino rats, (4 - 6) months ages and(245 - 280)gm weight were divided to (7) groups both group with (5) rats as follows : Control group, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) group, Heliotropium extract group, H2O2+ Heliotropium extract group, Heliotropium extract + vitamin C group, H2O2+ Vitamin C group, H2O2+extract of Heliotropium+ vitamin C group.The results showed : 1. The animal under oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide caused a significant decrease (p? 0.05) in body weights and values of Hb , PCV, GSH, activity of SOD enzyme, HDL - C, total protein, albumin, globulin and compared with the control group. While it caused a significant increase in WBCs, MDA, ONOO. - , glucose, cholesterol, TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C, Atherogenic indices levels(I, II, III) and urea compared with the control group.2. The treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide with extract of Heliotropium europium showed significant increase in the weights of animals, Hb, PCV, GSH, activity of SOD enzyme, HDL - C, total protein, albumin and globulin compared with a hydrogen peroxide group. While this treatment showed significant decrease in WBCs, MDA, ONOO. - , glucose, cholesterol, TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C, Atherogenic indices levels (I, II, III), and urea when compared with a hydrogen peroxide group.3. Compared with a hydrogen peroxide treatment of rats exposed to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide with vitamin C, extract of plant and vitamin C with hydrogen peroxide group showed the results were similar to the results of treatment plant extract with hydrogen peroxide group.4. The treatment plant alcoholic extract and vitamin C showed a significant increase in the level GSH, MDA, activity of SOD enzyme, HDL - C, globulin compared with the control group. And showed a significant decrease in animal weights, WBCs, ONOO. - , LDL - C, VLDL - C and urea compared with a hydrogen peroxide group. While not shown significant differences in the values of Hb, PCV, glucose, cholesterol, TG, Atherogenic indices levels total protein and uric acid compared with the control group.5. The treatment alcoholic plant extract group showed increase in the weights of animals and values Hb, PCV, WBCs, GSH, MDA, Triglyceride, VLDL - C, Atherogenic indices levels, globulin and urea compared with the control group. Showed significant decrease in the HDL - C and albumin compared to the control group. while did not show significant difference in ONOO. - , activity SOD enzyme, glucose, cholesterol, total protein and uric acid compared the control group.6. The most important histological changes that have occurred in this study have showed treatment hydrogen peroxide compared with a control to swelling hepatocytes with necrosis each and the small size of the nuclei with swelling sinusoid, and the treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress plant extract has showed a lack of clarity within the cells in hepatocytes necrosis and swelling sinusoid compared with a hydrogen peroxide while the treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress with vitamin C showed sinusoid constriction and showed treatment alcoholic plant extract and vitamin C for the animals exposed to oxidative stress loss nucleus cells with the difficulty of distinguishing sinusoid.

دراسة بيئية ونوعية لمشروع تصفية ماء الكرخ في الطارمية == An Ecological And Qualitativ Study for Al - Karkh Drinking Water Plane At Al - Tarmia

اسم المؤلف: احمد توفيق احمد المشهداني
اسم المشرف: رياض عباس عبد الجبار
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نظرا لما لمياه الشرب من اهمية كبيرة في حياة الانسان وضرورة ان تكون هذه المياه ضمن مواصفات ومعايير خاصة, فضلا عن ظهور العديد من مشاكل تلوث مياه الشرب في مختلف مدن العراق. دعت الحاجة لاجراء هذه الدراسة لبيان مدى صلاحية مياه الشرب المنتجة من مشروع تصفية ماء | Owing to the drinking water of great importance in human life and it is important to be under the specifications and standards, as well as the emergence of many of the problems of contamination of drinking water in various cities of Iraq. Needed to conduct this study to demonstrate the viability of drinking water produced from the project filter water Karkh (which is the largest project the liquidation of water in the Middle East, it is feeds many of the cities of Baghdad, on the side of Karkh) and compare the specifications of Iraq and the global standard for drinking water in order to investigate the potential weaknesses in the project and study the possibility of the development of such large projects as a first step to improving the situation of drinking water in Iraq. So were the tests, physical, chemical and biological common to drinking water in the project and divided into four main stations, namely, (station socket raw water, sedimentation basins secondary sand filters, pumps, distribution of drinking water), including nine stations secondary starting of the month of October - 2010 to July - 2011.The results showed high values of turbidity, and electrical condactivety and pH, and dissolved oxygen, and biological dimond of oxygen, and alkalinity, and total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, phosphate, nitrite, silica, fluoride, sodium, potassium, and heavy metals, namely, (iron, copper and cadmium, nickel, lead, chromium and zinc), and the total numbers of bacteria, and total coliform bacteria, the fecal coliform bacteria and E. Coli in drinking water for most of the stations in the Alsta spring and low concentrations in summer and autumn.Values for water temperatures between (4 - 37.5) c, as recorded differences significant between the months of winter and spring, summer and autumn, and the values of brownish discharge ranged between (250 - 0.3) NTU as it showed the differences of the moral high values of turbidity in the winter and fall in the summer and fall in each stage of the treatmant with it, and the values of electrical conductivity was between (520 - 895) Micro Siemens / cm 3. The water Alnehrualcherb in the project was registered as a weak base pH values between (9.7 to 1.7), and it was well ventilated, as the oxygen values were high in the winter months registered clear monthly variation ranging between (5.14 - 2.3) mg / L, either values biologicaldimond of oxygen were values between (4.4 - ND) mg / L and found that basal total stations ranged from every stage of the liquidation potential in increasing concentrations of dissolved oxygen, between (160 - 100) mg / L, and found that drinking water hardness too, as that the values of total hardness ranged between ( - 215 335) mg / L as suited their values directly proportional to both the calcium and magnesium hardness ranging between (197 - 139) and (31.472 - 16.128) mg / L, respectively, while for the values of the chloride ranged between (69 - 25) mg / l, while the fluoride has recorded values ranged between (15 - 0.05) mg / L, with values ranging between sulfate (169.2 - 90) mg / L, free chlorine residual values ranged between (4.18 - 1.1) mg / L, and materials for suspended solids ranged values between (84 - ND) mg / L proven contribution stages of liquidation, all in the rates of removal of different, either TDS fluctuated values between (545 - 315) mg / L, with log Aluminum values ranged between (0.98 - 0.01) mg / L, but for the potassium values ranged between (3.2 - 2.15) mg / L, and sodium values ranging between (6.31 to 3.21) mg / liter.As for the concentrations of heavy metals did not detect any significant concentration of heavy metals measured except for iron ranging between concentrations (9.2 to 8.1) mg / L, so after the industrial plants that contain the droppings of these metals. The nutrient values were recorded between nitrite (0.024 - 0.001) mg / Trosgelt nitrate values between (1.7 - 0.16) mg / l, recorded between ammonia (0.54 - ND) mg / L, placed at either phosphate values ranged between (0.26 - ND) mg phosphorus atom - phosphate / L, while for the values of silica fluctuated between values (5.12 to 5.1) mg atom of silicon - silica / liter. As for the study of signs bacteriological ranged the total numbers of bacteria in air through (24) hours between (555 - 0) × 10 cells / 1 ml, and ranged in numbers for a period of (48) hours between (1186 - 0) 10 × cells / 1 ml, while for the numbers of total coliform bacteria fluctuated between (1700 - 0) cells / 100 liters, and fecal coliform bacteria, they ranged (1100 - 0) cells / 100 ml, and the E.coli bacteria, the numbers fluctuated between (1100 - 0) cells / 100 ml. For to match the drinking waterproduced from the projects liquefaction research found matching the values and concentrations of brownish, and connectivity electrical and pH, and dissolved oxygen, and the requirement is vital for oxygen, and basic college, and chloride, and ten college, and magnesium, nitrite, phosphate, and the total numbers of bacteria, and the numbers of total coliform bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria and E Coli, and silica with the standard specifications for drinking water the Iraqi and global at all stations.While the study results show non - conformity of calcium concentrations in this study with the standard specifications for drinking water of Iraq and the world.

تقييم فعالية مستخلصات مستنبت القمح Triticum aestivum في بعض الانواع البكتيرية المسببة لاخماج مختلفة == Evaluation The Activity of Germinated Wheat Extractions Triticum Aestivum on Some Bacterial Species That Cause Different Infections

اسم المؤلف: اسماء عيسى محمود
اسم المشرف: رشيد حميد حسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study had included isolation and diagnosis of three hundred samples for both sexes their ages were between (1 - 60) years of the inpatients and outpatients in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and General Samarraa Hospital during the period from 1/9 / 2011 to 1/3/2012. The infections were distributed among the burns infections, the wounds, urinary tract infections (UTI) and female genital tract infections (High vagina). This study clarified that (192) sample from the total samples showed bacterial growth in percentage 64%. The results of this study indicated to the proportion 58% with (UTI) by (87) bacterial isolation were produced from (150) isolation. The percentage of burns infections were 81.81% from (55) sample which distributed among the first, second and third class burns. The burns of second and third class gave bacterial growth in a proportion 100% while the first class burns gave 64.28%. Concerning the wounds infections, bacterial growth was 62.9% from (62) sample. The infections proportion of (H.V) was 63.63% from (33) sample. The results of the current study showed that the infections in females were higher that in males with respect to (UTI), while there was not considered difference between the males and females about the burns and wounds infections. Differently, the (H.V) infections were just for the females in the ages between (18 - 45). It was clear according to the results of diagnosis that Escherichia coli had the highest proportion of isolations 25.52% from the total isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus 18.23% Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.63%, both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus miribilis 10.42% Staphylococcus epidermidis 4.69% Citrobacter freundii 4.17%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3.64% both Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis 2.6%, Streptococcus pyogenes 1.56% and Staphylococcus intermedius had the least percentage 0.5% by one from (192) isolate. The sensitivity of these isolates was tested by (10) antibiotic which included quinolones, aminoglycosides, beta - lactams and tetracyclines antibiotics. Among these antibiotics imipenem and ciprofloxacin were more effective, while the other antibiotics were different either active or not active at all.The wheat germinating was used in this study with the ages (36 - 48) hour and its activity was tested by using some bacterial kinds. After completing several quantitative and qualitative tests on this germinating, the carbohydrates proportion was between 67 - 70%, the protein proportion by folin method was between 10 - 8%, the lipids proportion was 1.5%.Some mineral elements in germinated wheat were estimated which include Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Potassium, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Selenium, and Sodium element, active materials were also estimated in the wheat germinating extracts which had inhibitory effect on the microbiology. It was clear by the tests that the germinating contains a lot of Phenolic compounds, Terpeniods, glycosides and steroids. These materials were extracted by using some extracts included the cold water extracts and hot water extracts, alcoholic extracts (ethanol and methanol) and phenolic extract. All the extracts prepared in concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200) mg/ ml. This study showed that the phenolic extract had high effect on the bacterial kinds in comparison with the methanolic and ethanolic extracts at (200) mg/ ml concentration while the cold water extract had less effect on these bacterial isolates in comparison with the above extracts, finally the hot water extract had no inhibitory effect against any isolated bacterial type with all the concentrations. The inhibitory action of these extracts was compared with some antibiotics as a control sample. These antibiotics represents different groups of antibiotics and which contained Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ceftazidime in addition to Augmentin.In this study the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fenolic, alcoholic and watery extracts was determined and the concentration was different according to the extract type, the bacterial type and the isolation site.

التحري عن مؤشرات وراثية وفسلجية لتحمل الجفاف لصنفين من الحنطة Triticum aestivum L. == Investigation of Genetic And Physiological Markers for Drought Tolerance of Two Cultivars of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L)

اسم المؤلف: اشواق ابراهيم بشير العبيدي
اسم المشرف: شاكر مهدي صالح | عقيل حسين العاصي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم في هذه الدراسة البحث عن امكانية ايجاد مؤشرات وراثية ترتبط بمؤشرات فسلجية وذلك من خلال الدراسة على مستويين : ا - المستوى الفسلجي : زراعة صنفين من الحنطة الناعمةL Triticum aestivum في حقول كلية الزراعة/ جامعة تكريت لموسم النمو 2010 - 2011، وذلك بزراعة بذو | This study was conducted to investigate a genetic marker linked to physiological marker through a design an outdoor experiment which includes two parts : - 1 - Physiological part : Included planting two cultivars of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the fields of the college of Agriculture, university of Tikrit, during growth season (2010 - 2011). The stage of work had been done by cultivated the seeds of two cultivars of wheat (Sham - 6, Abu - Ghraib) in pots, when they reached the stage of (4 - 5) leaves it had been exposed to two dryness periods 7 and 10 days. It spread with growth regulator Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) (150 ppm) to know which type is more resistance for dryness through estimation of proline concentration as a physiological marker and to indicate the effect of IAA to reduce the dryness effect in some features of growth physiological function and yield component according to complete Randomize Design (CRD). Some markers of drought tolerance have been estimated including : proline content, chlorophyll concentration and the degree of membrane stability then plants were left for harvesting period. The results of the outdoor experiment were : 1 - Exposure the plants to dehydration periods during their growth caused reducing of the most studied characters (leaf area, plant height, tillers number, concentration of chlorophyll A and B and the total chlorophyll), while there was an increase in the content of the proline and the injury index of plasma membrane. 2 - Some characteristic did not showed effect by drought periods (dry weight of plant, number of days of flowering, spikes number, spike length, number of grains/ spike and weight of 1000 grains).3 - Sham - 6 cultivar was superior than Abu Ghraib - 3 in three characteristic (number of days of flowering, leaf area, weight of 1000 grains), while Abu Ghraib - 3 cultivar was superior in the grains number /spike than sham - 6 cultivar.4 - The concentration of IAA (150 ppm) had a different effect. It had a positive effect in the decrease drought for some characteristic (proline content, injury index of plasma membrane, leaf area, plant height, dry weight, spike number and grains yield).2 - Genetic part : DNA has been isolated from fresh leaves of two types of wheat, arrange yields of DNA were in the range of (40 - 150) micro gram per 1.5 gram of plant leaves, and the purity ranged between (1.2 - 1.7). The reaction PCR was done by using 11 primer of the Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) in addition to two pair of specific primer to detect the genes which are responsible for coding of two enzymes which involved in anabolism and catabolism of proline. The results obtained are as follows : - 1 - Five primer of RAPD did not appear any binding site (OPA - 18, OPL - 20, OPA - 11, OPQ - 17 and OPH - 14).2 - Six primer of RAPD have appeared main and monomorphic bands (OPO - 16, OPH - 07, OPN - 16, OPM - 20, OPJ - 13 and OPQ - 06), in addition to the absent of the other bands from some treatments. 3 - The two pair of specific primer have given three monomorphic bands with different molecules weight.4 - The primer (OPH - 07) has appeared a unique band with molecular weight (1670) pb for Sham - 6 cultivar during second drought period (10 days without hormone). These results obtained from this study were identical with physiological part in the ability of both types to drought tolerance

دراسة تاثير الملوثات المنبعثة من المركبات على الاشخاص في شوارع مدينة تكريت == Study The Effect of Pollutants Emitted From Vehicales Upon Blood of Workers in Tikrit City Streets

اسم المؤلف: رغد مقداد محمود الحمداني
اسم المشرف: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: استهدفت الدراسة الحالية التي جرت في شوارع مدينة تكريت قياس تراكيز بعض الغازات المهمة التي تطرحها المركبات الى البيئة وهي احادي اوكسيد الكاربون, ثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون, ثنائي اوكسيد الكبريت (CO, CO2, SO2) وكذلك دراسة نوعية مياه الامطار المتساقطة على منطقة ا | The current study which takes place in the main streets of the city of Tikrit, aims at measuring the concentrations of some essential gases which are emitted by the vehicles of the environment. These gases include Monoxide Carbon, Dioxide Carbon and Sulfur Dioxide (CO, CO2, SO2). This study also aims at investigating the quality of rainwaters which are falling on the area of the study, and conducting some biological tests for them. Moreover, this study aims to identify the effect of vehicles productions upon blood physiology and the construction of some persons who are dealing with them. The samples have been collected during September 2010 till May 2011, and then classified in terms of age and duration of exposure. Alsuqoor Village represents the control group. A sample has been collected from healthy, non - smoker males. The concentrations of some polluted gases emitted from exhausted vehicles are identified. They are significantly high in comparison with the control group and during the whole chapters of the study. The highest level of pollution value is recorded by the gases (CO, CO2, SO2) and at (p< 0.05) level in Albasha Street during the Autumn, whereas the lowest value is recorded in Alzuhoor Street, during the Winter ( ). In addition, some of rainwater characteristics have been measured such as, (Ph, electrical m and the amount of plankton in water). The obtained results show that there is a significant decrease in PH concentration and a significant increase in EC concentration. Moreover, results indicate that the highest concentration of the clot material is in Alarbaeen Street ( ) whereas, the lowest concentration is in Alzuhoor Street ( ). The level of some rare elements has been measured in the blood serum of those who are exposed to (lead, cadmium) and in different periods of times. A significant increase is recorded in the levels of those elements, in comparison with the control group (ps 0.05). As for effect of blood components of those who are exposed to pollutants, the concentrations of both (Hb, Pcv) have been decreased with an increase in the concentrations of (the number of red and white cells and ESR) in comparison with the control group at level (P<0.05). It is also noticed that there is a significant increase in the number of the neutral and acidic white blood cells with a significant decrease in the number of the moral white blood cells at the lymph cell, in comparison with the control group. Results also show that there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of each (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Lipoproteins with low density LDL) with decreased concentrations of (High Density Lipoproteins HDL) whereas, there are no significant difference in the concentrations of (Low density Lipoproteins Very high density VLDL). Concerning the concentrations of (Urea, Uric acid, Kreatenin) there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in comparison with the control group and for all the groups of the study. The pollutants have an effect upon the average number of enzyme in the blood serum. There is a significant increase in the average of the enzymes that carry amino (ALT, AST) an enzyme phosphate in comparison with the control group. The study has also shown a significant increase in the Monoaldehyde level MDA and decrease in the glutathione level, under the effect of various pollutants. It is noticed that the blood components as well as the biochemical variable are greatly affected as the period of exposure extended and these biochemical variables become very great. Therefore, most of the differences are existed in the third group whose ages range between (40 and 49) with 9 years of work, followed by the second group whose ages range between (30 and 39) with 7 years of work. Then comes the first group whose ages range between (20 and 29) with 5 years of work, in comparison with the control group

دراسة وبائية لبعض مسببات الاسهال من الاوالي الطفيلية في المرضى المراجعين لمستشفى صلاح الدين العام في تكريت مع دراسة تجريبية لتاثير المستخلص الكحولي لنبات Lantana camara عليها في الفئران المختبرية == Epidemiological Study for Some Diarrhea Causes From Parasitism Protozoa for The Patients That Attended General Salahalddin Hospital in Tikrit With Experimental Study for The Effect of Alcoholic Extract From Lantana Camara Plant on It in Experimental Mice

اسم المؤلف: رواء محمود هاشم
اسم المشرف: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من 2010 /11/1 الى 2011/11/1.وتضمنت فحص 1002 عينة من غائط مصابين بالاسهال تراوحت اعمارهم ما بعد الولادة الى اثنتي عشرة سنة من العمر راجعوا مستشفى صلاح الدين العام في تكريت. اشتملت الدراسة على جزءين تمثل الجزء الاول بدراسة وبائية، ت | This study made on the period between (1/11/2010) to (1/11/2011) that included testing (1002) diarrhea patients excrement samples, their ages were between after birth to twelve years that had attended General Salahalddin Hospital.The study included two parts. First epidemiology study, collecting samples and making the laboratory tests that accomplish with 2 methods, the direct method and deposition method to detect the percentage of infected by some parasitism protozoa that cause the diarrhea according to a lot of standards that included, age, sex, class, nature of suckle, number of family members, the source of water, mother education, sequence of the child in his family and the season of infection, the laboratory test assured that from the total (582) , (58.08 %) are infected with parasitism diarrhea compare with other diarrhea cases that was (420) , (41.91%) and reached to the following : - The infection with E.histolytica diarrhea was (492), (%84.5) and infected with G.lamblia diarrhea was (90) , (15.46%). Number of infected males with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism as follows(8.24%)(46.39%) and infected females with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism as follows (7.21%) (46.39%).The highest infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism was the ages between (4 - 6)years and the percentage was as follows (4.81%, 29.89%). The highest infection with amebic tissue and G.lamblia parasitism that came from country were (9.10%, 60.82%) also noticed that the raise of infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among children that their mothers had low education less than intermediate (illiteracy and intermediate) as follows (29.8%, 36.5%) for the children were infected with G.lamblia parasitism. And for children that infected with E.histolytica parasitism among children that their mothers had low education less than intermediate (illiteracy and intermediate) as follows (4.29%, 36.5%). The percentage for infants for the first 2 years had been infected with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism for the first 2 years that they depend on industrial suckle as follows (7.73 %), (41.2%). The percentage for infants above 2 years had been infected with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism for the first 2 years that they depend on industrial suckle as follows (9.10%) , (48.96%) also noticed the raise of infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that was the river is the water source, the percentage were as follows (8.59 %), (51.54%). And the infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that was the pipes system is water source the percentage were as follows (6.87%), (23.98%). the infection were very high with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that lives within crowded families, the percentage was (12.54%), (55.67%). and the infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism according to the seasons was dissimilar, and the highest recorded infection with E.histolytica parasitism in winter as follows (35%) and the lowest infection was (11.3%) in summer. Meanwhile the highest infection with G.lamblia parasitism (8.41%) in summer and (1.20%) in autumn.The second part studied the effect of alcoholic extraction from lantana camara plant on growth of E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism on mice. The effect was obvious for the alcoholic extraction for the mentioned plant for all extraction on the E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism in general, but the most effectiveness extraction to destroy the E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism was 1000 mlm/kgm from the alcoholic extraction for the plant lantana camara

التاثير الوقائي لعصير الليمون والمستخلص المائي للمعدنوس في منع التحصي التجريبي المستحدث باستعمال الاثيلين كلايكول وتقليل السمية الكلوية المستحدثة بالمضادين الحيويين جينتامايسين وفلوكساسين في الجرذان == The Protective Effect of Lemone Juice And Parsley Aqueous Extract in Prevent Experimental Urolithisis Induced By Ethylene Glycol And Decrease Renaltoxity Induced By Gentamicine And Floxacin Antibiotics in Rats

اسم المؤلف: صبا خير الدين ابراهيم الطائي
اسم المشرف: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | فدوى خالد توفيق
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة بعض التاثيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والتاثيرات النسيجية للمستخلص المائي لنبات المعدنوس Petroselinum Sativum وعصير الليمون Citrus Linnaeu في كبح تكون حصى الكلى Renal calculi المستحدث بمادة الاثيلين كلايكول Ethylene glycol وال | The study aimed to searching the Physiological, Biochemical and Histological effects of the aqueous extract parsely of petroselinum sativum and lemon juice of citrus linnaeu in inhibition renal calculi formation which induced by Ethylene glycol and decreasing the nephrotoxity casead by the use of Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The study included number of Physiological and Biochemical parameters : total white blood cells count (WBCS), Hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL - C), Low density lipoprotein (LDL - C), Phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, Glutathione (GSH), Maloddialdehyd (MDA), Aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT) concentration, beside the measurement of calcium ions, potassium ions, and magnisum ions concentrations in male and female rat serum which had been induced Oxidatiotion stress by use (0.05) hydrogen peroxide daily for (30)days.Also anather group of rats mouthy feeded with(100 mg/kg of body whight)Ciprofloxacin and the last group of rats feeded with (80 mg/kg of body wight)Gentamicin by muscular injection daily for (14)days. the active dose of petroselinum sativum (parsley) aqueous extract and Citrus linnaeu(lemon juice)had been demonstrated as (250 mg/kg of body whight)and(1.5ml/kg of body whight) successively.the rats distributed randomly (male and female)to (13) groups included (five rats for every group) : control group, Ethylene glycol (Eg)group, (Eg)+parsely aqueous extract group, (Eg)+lemon juice group, Hydrgen peroxide(H202)group, (H202)+ parsely aqueous extract group, (H202)+ lemon juice group, Ciprofloxacin+ parsely aqueous extract group, Ciprofloxacin+ lemon juice group, Gentamicin+ parsely aqueous extract group, Gentamicin+ lemon juice group.The results showed1 - the Treatment rats with Ethylene glycol caused high significant increase (P? 0.01)in concentrations of, TC, TG, Phospholipids, 2nd and 3rd of atherogenic indices, blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, VLDL - C, AST, WBCs and MDA, while significant (P? 0.01) decrease had been happen in the concentration of albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, ALT, Hb, Ca, Ma.2 - the Treatment rats with Ethylen glycol and lemon juice and parsley produced high significant increase(P? 0.01) in concentrations of albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, ALT, Hb, Ca, Ma. while significant (P? 0.01) in concentrations of, TC, TG, Phospholipids, 2nd and 3rd of atherogenic indices, blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, LDL - C, AST, Hb, K and MDA compared whith the E G onlay.3 - Induced oxidative stress by H202 caused high significant (P? 0.01) in the concentrations of TC, Phospholipids, 2nd and 3rd of atherogenic indiced blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, k+, AST, LDL - C, MDA and Hb while significant (P? 0.01) decrease had been happened in the concentrations of albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, ALT and 1st atherogenic indices.4 - the Treatment rats with (H202)whith lemon juice and parsely for rats produced high significant (P? 0.01) increase in concentrations of albumin, globulin, K+ total protein, HDL - C, GSH, AST. while Increase significant (P? 0.01) in concentrations ofTC, Phospholipids, 3rd of atherogenic indices, blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, LDL - C, AST, Hb, K and MDA compared whith the(H202) Only.5 - The results of Treatment the animals with Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin produced high significant (P? 0.01) in the concentrations of TC, TG, Phospholipids, Ist atherogenic indices blood urea, glubulin while the Treatment with Ciprofloxacin caused significant increase (P? 0.01) in concentrations of serum creatinine, VLDL - C, AST, WBCs, MDA, ALT, K+ and Hb.on the another significant decrease had been oecured in the concentrations of ALP, albumin, globulin while decrease of concentrations occurred when the animal had been treated with Gentamicin : total protein, HDL - C, GSH, Hb, Mg+and Ca++.6 - The Treatment by Gentamicin+ Ciprofloxacin+ lemon juice+ parsley to the rats when compares whith rats treated only antibiotics caused high significant (P? 0.01)increase in concentrations of albumin, , globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, K+, Hb and ALP. while high significant decrease happened in the concentrations of total protein, MDA, Ist and3rd atherogenic indices, blood urea, TG, serum creatinine, ALT, MDA, and VLDL - C.7 - The Treatment with Ethylene glycol caused many histological changes like preipration of calcium oxalate in kidney tubules, necrosis, recrudesce of glomerales and caused degredation to the central vein, bleeding in kidney while the two types of antibiotics Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin caused the same effects as ahave.8 - The action of lemon juice and parsely showed aprotection role against calcium oxalate precipitation and prevented the renal calculi formation or it aggregation in the kidney of the rats treated with Ethylene glycol.the action of that extract and juice were the decrease of oxidative stress damage induced by(H202)in the kidney tissue.

دراسة نسجية فسلجية لتاثيرات خلات اليورانيل والمستخلص المائي لنبات ورد لسان الثور في فعالية الغدة الدرقية في ذكور الارانب البيض == Histological And Physiological Study on The Effects of Uranyl Acetate And Aqueous Extract of Borogo Officinalis on The Activity of Thyroid Gland in Albino Rabbits

اسم المؤلف: علا صالح علي الجميلي
اسم المشرف: كوكب سليم نجم القيسي | منيف صعب احمد ساجت الجنابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة، للتعرف على تاثير خلات اليورانيل والمستخلص المائي لورد لسان الثور Borago officinalis (Borage) معا وكلا على انفراد في ما ياتي : - 1 التركيب النسجي للغدة الدرقية. - 2 مستوى هرمون T3و T4وTSH. - 3 معايير الدم (التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم ال | The aim of this study was to determined the effects of uranyl acetate and aqueous extract of Borago officinalis(Borage) alone or when they are given toghther the following : 1 - The histological structures of the thyroid gland.2 - Serum concentration T4, T3, TSH Hormones.3 - The blood parameters (WBC, PCV, Hb, Platelet and ESR). A total 30 mature males(Albino Rabbit) were used in this study, and their weights were recorded before and after the experiment. Animals were divided into five groups and administrated by using oro - gastric tube and included these following groups : 1 - (G1) which was given drinking water and considered as control group. 2 - (G2) group treated with uranyl acetate which was given orally only (50mg/kg body weight) for one month.3 - Group G3 which was treated with uranyl acetate with the same concentration used in (G2), then just after one hour they were post - administrated of with aqueous extract of Borage (adose of 5 ml concentration 10%).4 - (G4) group of animals treated with aqueous extract of Borage and adose of 5 ml concentration 10%.5 - (G5)which was pre - treated with uranyl acetate with concentration similar to the dose in (G2) for after one month, then post - administrated of with aqueous extract of Borage at a dose 5 ml concentration of 10%.At the end of the experiments (one month) blood sample was drawn by heart puncture and then ansethized by using ether, animal were killed and thyroid gland prepare for histological study. The following results were recorded : 1 - A significant decrement (p<0.05) in the mean of animals weight (G2, G3, G5) while there are no significant differences in the (G4)as compared with G1.2 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of (Hb, PCV) of group G2 where as group G3 showed no significant difference.While group G4 and G5 showed decreased as compared with G1.3 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of WBC in (G2, G3 and G5) while G4 showed no significant difference as compared G1.4 - A significant increment (p<0, 05) in the (G2, G4 and G5) while G3 there are no significant difference as compared G1.5 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of platelet in (G2, G3and G4) while there are no significant differences as compared with G1.6 - A significant increment (p<0.05)T4 hormone level, in the (G2, G4) while G5 showed a significant decreased where as G3 showed no significant difference as compared with G1.7 - A significant decrement (p<0.05) in the T3 hormone level in the (G2, G4 and G5) while there are no significant differences in the G3 in comparison with G1.8 - A significant decrement (p<0.05)in TSH hormone level in the G2 while no significant changes in the (G3, G4) and a significant increment in the G5 in comparison with G1. Histological results of thyroid gland 1 - A degenerative changes were observed in the epithelial tissues of thyroid gland in the (G2) due to direct effect of uranyl acetate and loss of cell style aggregation in addition to infiltration with inflammatory cells, with loss of depletion of colloid from thyroid follicles.2 - G3 showed normal thyroid cells and thyroid follicles filled with colloid fluid as compared with control group.3 - The result of histology examination of thyroid of group have shown presence of some follicles that contain colloid while ether lack theis colloid.4 - Characterized thyroid follicles cells (G5) lining simple cuboidal tissue but it contains more than one row of cells, suggesting a hyperplasia, but these effects are less negative compared with (G2).From this study we can concluded that uranyl acetate have negative effect on thyroid cells and the chemical substance of aqueous extract of Borago offcinalis inhibit the negative impact of uranyl acetate on thyroid cells in awide aspects of this study, and the aqueous extract of Borago offcinalis have high effect in regulation of thyroid function

دراسة تاثير النفط الخام وهايدروكسيد الامونيوم على بعض صفات الترب ونمو نبات الشعير الابيض == Study The Effect of Crude Oil And Ammonium Hydroxide on Some Characteristics of Soils And Plant Growth of Barley White

اسم المؤلف: براء محمد ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شمل البحث دراسة انتشار المخلفات النفطية وهايدروكسيد الامونيوم في مقاطع لاربعة ترب مختلفة النسجة وهي التربة (المزيجية الرملية، المزيجية الغرينية، المزيجية الطينية 1، والمزيجية الطينية 2)؛ اجريت التجربة باستخدام صندوق مصنوع من الخشب الغير منفذ للماء؛ اذ قسم | Research involved studying the spread of oil residues and hydroxide ammonium in excerpts of four soils of different Texture, the soil (sand, gypsum, Loam, and clay); experiment was carried out using a box made of wood and non - port of the water; it was divided into four sections with barriers, wooden supported tin galvanized to ensure that Waste oil spread between the different types of soils, left central Hole made of tin and galvanized perforated and lined with container made of filter paper. Container filled with waste oil and allowed to seep into sections of the four soils through the holes, where waste oil was allowed to spread for 45 days, after which a series of analyzes were conducted to look for oil residue in the soil sections of the experiment. Then added ammonium hydroxide liquid substance in the central Jura and left for 45 days also were conducted after a series of analyzes to determine the changes and the effects on the soil material and components; was also white barley cultivation, After two months of growth, a set of analyzes were conducted Hordeun vulgare Barley and whose scientific name to find out the impact of oil on the chemical characteristics and uptake of heavy metals.Results were recorded the highest prevalence rate of the waste by 218.5 ppm in the Loam soil in depth 15 cm, while the lowest in the clay soil at the depth of 45 cm 44.8 ppm, while in the sandy soil did not happen the spread in the depths of 15 cm and 30 cm; also recorded the highest connectivity Power in the Loam soil 5.37 Micro Smenz / cm and recorded clay soil less connectivity, electric 1.81 Micro Smenz / cm; and when measuring the pH was recorded sandy soil 8.3, while they recorded the soil gypsum 7.5 As for the relative humidity in the soil recorded soil Loam the highest percentage is 93.55% in while the lowest percentage recorded in the soil moisture gypsum 57.90%. Were measured concentration of heavy metals such as cobalt, where the highest concentration in sandy soils 15.40 ppm while the lowest concentration him in the clay soil 7.10 ppm; and cadmium, where the highest concentration in soil gypsum 58.10 ppm in return was the lowest concentration of cadmium 14.60 part million in the clay soil; and when measured the highest concentration of lead found in the soil has Loam reaching 122.80 ppm was the lowest concentration of lead in soil clay 71.90 ppm.Reached the highest value of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plants grown in clay soils (3.21, 2.96) Eq ml / g, respectively, while the highest concentration of phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium in the soil clay (5.6, 15.9, 2.9, 16.4, 20.1, 46) ppm, respectively;As for the heavy elements (chromium, cobalt, cadmium, lead, and iron) have the highest concentrations in plants grown in soil gypsum, as was (0.98, 0.24, 0.70, 0.31, 14) ppm.While the lowest value for chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plants grown in sandy soil (1.62, 1.24) Eq ml / g, while the lowest concentration of elements (phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, calcium and potassium) in plants grown in sandy soil reaching (4.2, 4.1, 1.2, 5.9, 1.2, 12.2) ppm, the lowest concentrations of heavy elements were recorded in the sandy soil as well as the (0.03, 0.12, 0.20, 0.20, 8.3) ppm.

دراسة مجتمع الديدان الحلقية قليلة الاهلاب بنهر الفرات في المسيب - العراق == Study of Aquatic Oligochaetes Community In The Euphrates River In Al - Mussayab / Iraq

اسم المؤلف: الهام عبيد صالح الجنابي
اسم المشرف: هيفاء جواد جوير
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد ديدان قليلة الاهلاب المائية مجموعة حيوانية تضم انواعا مهمة من الناحية الاقتصادية والعلمية كونها غذاء جيدا للاسماك، ودورها في النظام البيئي بوصفها مؤشرات حياتية معروفة في تقييم نوعية المياه ودرجة تلوثها. وبسبب قلة الدراسات التشخيصية وعدم وجود قائمة خ | Aquatic oligochaete worms is an animal group that contains important species, economically speaking as its being a good fish food, and its scientific role in the ecosystem as well known bio - indicator for assessment water quality and evaluate the degree of water pollution. Due to little identification studies available about this group, and the absence of Iraqi checklist of species, the idea of the current study came, which concerned with the community of aquatic oligochaetes worms in the middle sector of the Euphrates River. Three sites have been chosen for this purpose, the first site is on the Euphrates River in the district of River at Al - Mussayab city (S1) and two streams branched from it, including Al - Mashroo'a stream (S2) and Abu - alasafeer stream (S3).These sites are characterized by sediment texture ranged from silt - sandy sediment in S1, sandy in S2 and Sandy - Clay in S3, the percentage of organic matter in the sediment ranged between1.8 - 2.6 % in S1, 0.7 - 1.9% in S2, and 4.8 - 6.4 % in S3. As far as plants concern, the presence of reed plant Phragmites australis, Potamgeton crispus plant, Hydrilla verticellata plant, and some filamentous algae in all study sites.Total of 1720 individuals of aquatic oligochaeta have been sorted out during the study period from all sites representing 37 species belong to the family Lumbricidae, Tubificoid naidid worms, Naidid worms of subfamily Naidinae and subfamily Pristininae, and finally, family Aeolosomatidae. Eleven species were considered as new records for Iraq. Regarding study sites, S2 recorded a least number of individuals and number of species, while the number of individuals and number of species were converged at S1 and S3. Results of the Species Richness Index showed that the highest value was recorded at the S3 and reached 8.37, while Species Uniformity Index, ranged between the highest value of 1.88 at the S3 and lowest value of 1.60 in S2, and finally in S1 it was 0.85. Shannon - Weiner diversity Index, recorded its highest value of 6.33 bits / individual in the S3, and lowest value has in of 2.78bits/individual in S1, but it was 4.80 bit / individual in S2. The Results of Jacquard Presence - Community values of similarity showed that the highest degree of similarity is (58.62%) recorded betwen S1 and S2. One species of family Lumbricidae was recorded that is Eiseniella tetraedra in S2.This family recorded a percentage of 3% of the total isolated worms. Total of 584 individuals of Tubificoid naidid worms were sorted with a percentage 34% of the total number of worms and they were identify as nine species included Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, L. profundicola, L.claparedeanus, Tubifex tubifex, Aulodrilus pigueti, Peloescolex tenuis, Potamothrix hammoniensi, Rhyacodrilus coccineus, and finally Branchiura sowerbyi which recorded the highest percentage of 65.24% of the total tubificoid naidid worms with the highest frequency of 100%, followed by L. hoffmeisteri with a percentage of 16.95% and the frequency percentage of 85.19%, while the remaining species recorded close proportions ranged between 1 - 2%. Peloscolex tenuis was considered as a new record for Iraq, where10 individuals of this species were sorted with a percentage of 1.71%, and a frequency percentage of 3.70 %.Total of 47 individuals of subfamily Pristininae, were sorted, represented five species, including two species of genus Pristinella, P obsorni, and P. sima, and three species of genus Pristina, identified as, P. longiseta, P. aequiseta, and P. foreli, with a highest percentage of 53.19%, and a highest frequency of 14.81% were recorded by P. longiseta. A total of 788 individuals of subfamily Naidinae were sorted represent 20 specie includes Chaetogaster diastrophus, Stephensoniana trivandrana Paranais litoralis, P.frici, Ophidonais serpentina, Slavina appendiculata, S.isochaeta, Specaria josinae, Stylaria lacustris S. fossularis, Dero(Dero) evelinae, D.(D.) nivea, D. (Aulophorus) furcatus, Nais simplex, N.pseudobtusa, N. stolci, N. variabilis, N. elinguis, N. pardalis, Allonais inaequalis. Nine species of which were recorded for the first time in Iraq (in Bold). Species S. lacustris recorded the highest frequency percentage of 59.25%, and the highest individuals number 0f 187 was recorded by both S. lacustris and O. serpentine. Finally, 207 individuals of family Aeolosomatidae were identified into two species, Aeolosoma variegate and A. hemprichi. The first species recorded the highest percentage of 82.61% and a frequency percentage of 33.33%, and the second species recorded a percentage of 17.39% and a frequency percentage of 29.64%. The study also included a description of the identified species with photos illustrations of the identification characteristics of each species.

تاثير عقار البريدنيزولون في بعض مناسيب الدم الهرمونية والكيموحيوية لدى مرضى الربو القصبي من الرجال في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Effect of Prednisolone Medicine On Some Hormonal And Biochemical Levels In Bronchial Asthma Patients of Men In Al - Najaf Governorate

اسم المؤلف: نور زهير جاسم
اسم المشرف: ارشد نوري غني الدجيلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير عقار البريدنيزولون في بعض المناسيب الهرمونية والكيموحيوية لدى مرضى الربو القصبي من الرجال, اذ اجريت هذه الدراسة في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي في محافظة النجف الاشرف \ مركز الحساسية والربو للمدة من 1\7\2011 الى 1\1\2012. تم فحص | The present study was concerned to investigate the effect of prednisolone medicine in some of hormonal and biochemical levels in patients with bronchial asthma of men. The study was carried out in Sadr Teaching Hospital in Najaf City \ Center of Allergy and Asthma for the period from 1 \ 7 \ 2011 and up to 1 \ 1 \ 2012, (56) blood samples from men with bronchial asthma and who treated by prednisolone were tested. As well as a Healthy group consisting of (24) healthy persons who do not suffer from any health problems, the effect of medicine was tested on study levels. The statistical analysis of the results revealed that there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of Triiodothyronine Hormone (T?) in patients with bronchial asthma of men who treated by prednisolone compared with Healthy group. The statistical results also showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the concentration levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Follicle - Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Testosterone Hormone in asthmatic group compared with Healthy group. The results of the biochemical investigations revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and liver enzymes Alkaline Phosphatase ALP, Alanine & Aspartate Transaminase (ALT, AST), and lack of significant difference in the concentration of High - Density Lipoproteins (HDL) in the asthmatic group compared with Healthy group. The results of the current study also exhibited a significant increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of T? for the age group (21 - 30) years of the patient group, whereas the same asthmatic group recorded a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the concentration of FSH, LH and Testosterone Hormone in compared with Healthy group. The results of the study revealed a significant increase (P<.05) in the concentration of Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and alkaline phosphatase ALP for the age group (41 - 50) years in asthmatic patients compared with Healthy group. The results of the current study also showed that the concentration of the TSH, FSH, LH and Testosterone Hormone had declined significantly (P<0.05) in asthmatic group who treated by prednisolone for (16 - 20) years compared with Healthy group. The concentration of Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and liver enzymes Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase (ALP, ALT and AST) had risen significantly (P<0.05) in asthmatic group who treated by the prednisolone for (16 - 20) years compared with Healthy group. The current study concluded that Treatment with prednisolone has hormonal and biochemical effects on bronchial asthmatic patients in all ages

انتشار القراد الصلب Ixodidae : Acari وعلاقته مع بعض الاوالي السبورية في بعض المناطق المحيطة بمدينة تكريت == Bovine's Hard Ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) And Their Relation With Some Haemosporian Parasites in Tikrit Rural Boundaries

اسم المؤلف: الاء عماد توفيق التكريتي
اسم المشرف: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة الحالية مسحا للقــراد الصلب المتطفل على الابقار في بعض المناطق المحيطة بمركز مدينة تكريت وللفترة من 1/10/2010 ولغاية 30/7/2011، وقد جمعت العينات من مناطق العلم والبو عجيل وعوينات والمحزم. اختير لاتمام هذه الدراسة مضيف واحد هو الابقار لما له | Ectoparasitic Ioxdae (hard ticks) of cattle were surveyed from five rural stations near by Tikrit city/Iraq since 1st. October 2010Till 30 th. Jully 2011. The sampling stations as fellows : Alam , Albo - Ajeel, Ewanat and al - Mahzam.It he neer chosen only oneHost which is caw.The tick speciemens were collected from one to foure - year cattle host with both sexes. It was found that theHost was infested with two ixodid species ; Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Boophilus annulatus. H. anatolicum anatolicum was the dominant one in all the survey stations.It has been recorded in this study which carry for the first timprovince of Salah EL - Din on tick and disease which is transmittd. The species of Hyalomma anatolicum represent a high percent of infection in the province. As well as the present study showed the presence of relation between temperature and infection by ticks. This study showed that the ticks were aparasitic on ears, nipples and percenal regoin.In comparison between (67.16 %) to (47.82%) for Alam and Al - Mahzam respectively. The presence study included also Exploring the parasitic disease transmitted by tick, That shown infection of cows by three type of parasite which are Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma from both sex. where Theileria recorderd the high percent (54.65 %) fllowed by Anaplasma ( 23.97 %) and last percent Babesia (13.77 %). while mixed infection the ratios were (50.68 %, 34.24 %, 15.06 %) respectively.

دراسة تاثير المستخلص المائي لنبات اللهانة على مستويات هرمونات الدرقية، الاجهاد التاكسدي وعدد من المعايير البيولوجية في الارانب == Study The Effect of Cabbage Aqueous Extract on The Thyroid Hormones Levels, Oxidative Stress And Some Biological Parameters in Rabbits

اسم المؤلف: سرى سمير محمد الدوري
اسم المشرف: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | صاحب جمعة عبد الرحمن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة بعض تاثيرات المستخلص المائي لنبات اللهانة ((Brassica oleracea على مستويات هرمونات الغدة الدرقية الثايرونين ثلاثي اليود Triiodothyronine (T3) والثايروكسين (Thyroxine (T4والهرمون المحفز للدرقية Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH | The aim of the present study was to investigate some effects of the aqueous extract of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) on the Thyroid hormones concentrations Triiodothyronine T3, Thyroxine T4 and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Body weight rate, and some physiological and biochemical parameters such as the total count of leukocytes (WBCs), packed cell volume (PCV) and concentrations of Hemoglobin (Hb), Glucose, Total Cholesterol(TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL - C), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL - C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL - C), Phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels, Uric acid, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Serum Creatinine Blood urea, glutathione(GSH), Malondialdehyde(MDA), Peroxynitrite radical(ONOO - ) Ceruloplasmin(Cp), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in sera of male rabbits exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) with drinking water along the period of experiment (30) days, with comparison the effect of the cabbage extract with the effect of carbimazole (anti - thyroid drug) to induce Hypothyroidism.For the purpose of this study, preliminary experiments were carried out to find the most effective dose of the cabbage extract and this dose was (300 mg/kg body weight).Rabbits (8 - 10 months age) and (950 - 1560 gm weight) were determined randomly divided into five groups, each group includes five replicates These groups are : The control group, cabbage aqueous extract group, cabbage aqueous extract and H2O2 group, carbimazole drug group and H2O2 GroupThe results showed the following : 1 - Treatment the animals with cabbage aqueous extract caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in Hb, PCV and concentrations of T3 hormone, T4 hormone, TC, LDL - C, phospholipids, second atherogenic index, blood urea, serum creatinine, albumin, MDA, (ONOO - ) radical and Cp, While it caused significant increase in weights, TSH hormone, TG, VLDL - C, glucose, globulin and GSH compared with the control group. While no significant variations were observed in total (WBCs) and concentrations of AST, ALT, HDL - C, atherogenic index (first and third), uric acid and total protein compared with the control group. 2 - Treatment of rabbits with carbimazole drug showed significant decrease in levels of body weight, Hb, PCV, and concentrations of T3 hormone, HDL - C, blood urea, albumin, glucose, GSH and Cp. This treatment showed as well a significant increase in T4 hormone, TSH hormone, ALT, TG, uric acid, VLDL - C, serum creatinine and atherogenic indices levels, Whereas showed no significant variations in total (WBCs), AST, TC, LDL - C, phospholipids, total protein, globulin, MDA and (ONOO - ) radical compared with the control group. 3 - Compared with the control group the oxidative stress induced by H2O2 caused significant decrease in concentrations of Hb, T3 hormone, HDL - C, albumin, GSH and Cp, While this stress showed a significant increase in total (WBCs), T4 hormone, ALT, TG, VLDL - C, phospho - lipids, atherogenic indices levels, serum creatinine, glucose, MDA and (ONOO - ) radical. However no significant variations were observed in weights, TSH hormone, PCV, AST, TC, LDL - C, uric acid, blood urea, total protein and globulin compared with the control group.4 - The Treatment of rabbits under oxidative stress with cabbage extract showed significant decrease in Hb, PCV, T3 hormone, TC, LDL - C, phospholipids, atherogenic indices levels, blood urea, serum creatinine, albumin, GSH, MDA, (ONOO - ) radical and Cp comparison with the control group. While a significant increase was observed in weights and concentrations of T4 hormone, TG, HDL - C, VLDL - C, uric acid, glucose and globulin, While no significant variations showed in total (WBCs), TSH hormone, ALT, AST and total protein comparison with the control group.The study results revealed that the effect of cabbage aqueous extract was better than carbimazole effect as antithyroid and as antioxidant role by reduction the harmful effects of the free radicals through some improvement was observed in many physiological and biochemical activities in the body and may be used in protection and treatment many of pathological cases specially Hyperthyroidism, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

التاثير الوقائي لعصير التفاح الاخضر والمستخلص المائي للزنجبيل في التقليل من التاثيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية للاشعة فوق البنفسجية والاشعة السينية في الجرذان == The Protective Effect of Green Apple Juice And Ginger Aqueous Extract in Lowering of The Physiological And Biochemical Effect From Ultraviolet Ray And X - Ray in Rats

اسم المؤلف: عبير امين مصطفى الامين
اسم المشرف: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | منى حسين جانكير
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة التاثير الوقائي لعصير التفاح الاخضر (Malus domestica) والمستخلص المائي للزنجبيل (Zingiber officinale) من التاثيرات الضارة نتيجة التعرض للاشعة فوق البنفسجية والاشعة السينية في ذكور واناث الجرذان البيض لمدة ثلاثة ايام من خلال قيا | This study is designed to evaluate the protective effect of Green Apple (Malus domestica) juice and the aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) against the side effect of Ultraviolet ray (UV) and X - ray in male and female albino rats for three days by examined some physiological and biochemical effects and histotoxicity in liver and kidney tissues. The rats with age (5 - 7) months and weight (250 - 350) g were divided into 16 groups (5 rats for each group) : group (1) control group received drinking tab water and ideal diet, group (2) Ultraviolet ray group only for half hour, group (3) Ultraviolet ray group only for one hour, group(4) UV group for half hour + green apple juice (2 ml/kg), group (5) UV group for half hour + green apple juice (4 ml/kg), group (6) UV group for one hour + green apple juice (2 ml/kg), group (7) UV group for one hour + green apple juice (4 ml/kg), group (8) UV group for half hour +ginger abstract (1000mg/kg), group (9) UV group for half hour +ginger abstract (2000mg/kg), group (10) UV group for one hour +ginger abstract (1000mg/kg), group (11) UV group for one hour +ginger abstract (2000mg/kg), group (12) X - ray group only, group (13) X - ray group+ green apple juice (2 ml/kg), group (14) X - ray group+ green apple juice (4 ml/kg), group (15) X - ray group+ ginger abstract (1000mg/kg), group (16) X - ray group+ ginger abstract (2000mg/kg).The study result showed that : 1. The radiation exposed rats by Ultraviolet ray for half hour and one hour and exposed group to X - ray only caused significant elevation in total count of leukocytes (WBCs), Platelets count, and in the level of blood sugar (glucose), Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG), Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), Very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (VLDL - C), Phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels, Urea, Creatinine, Malondialdehyde, Peroxy nitrate radical, and a significant decrease in Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), count of Erythrocytes (RBCs), High density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL - C), total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Uric acid, Glutathione compared with control group.2. when the groups treated by green apple juice (2, 4 ml/kg) and the aqueous extract of ginger (1000, 2000 mg/kg) after that exposing rats to the radiation by Ultraviolet ray for half hour and the exposing groups to Ultraviolet ray for one hour only and the exposing groups to X - ray only showed significant reduction in total count of leukocytes (WBCs), Platelets count, and in the level of blood sugar (glucose), total Cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), Very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (VLDL - C), Phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels, Urea, Creatinine, Malondialdehyde, Peroxy nitrate radical, and a significant increase in Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), count of erythrocytes (RBCs), High density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL - C), total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Uric acid, Glutathione compared with groups exposed to Ultraviolet ray only for half hour.3. The Exposing radiation of the rats groups by Ultraviolet ray and X - ray that lead to makes changes in tissues and many abnormalities in animals liver and kidney of these groups, in liver this included necrosis and degeneration in the hepatocytes and fibrosis and observed Atrophy hepatocytes and that lead to loss its normal shape and observed infiltration of Lymphocyte and many ceases of Central vein damage and degeneration of epithelial cells and that caused hemolysis and hemorrhage cases and appear of RBCs in tissue sections. While in Kidney the tissue abnormalities included necrosis and degeneration the epithelial cells of tubules and damage cases of glomerulus, tubeules and blood vesscles and degeneration of epithelial cells and that lead to hemorrhage cases in most area and combined with Infiltration of Lymphocyte.4. when the animals groups treated by green apple juice (2, 4 ml/kg) and the aqueous extract of ginger (1000, 2000 mg/kg) after that exposing rats to the radiation by Ultraviolet ray and X - ray, this abnormalities happened but more less, and observed the normals shaped in some area of tissues sections. The result showed the important and the ability of Green Apple juice (Malus domestica) and the aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in protect against the side effect of Ultraviolet ray and X - ray in male and female albino rats
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