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دراسة بكتريولوجية لبيئة بعض كهوف شمال العراق والتحري عن الدور الجرثومي فيها == A Bacteriological Study On Some North Iraqi Caves Environment And Detection On The Bacterial Role In It
Author name:
امنة غانم عمر العاني
Supervisor name:
جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي | اميرة محمود محمد الراوي
General topic:
Biology
Specific topic:
Microbiology
Degree:
Master
University:
Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Salahaddin
First pages:
24T2793 - p.pdf
Abstract:
تضمنت الدراسة اجراء عدد من الفحوصات البيئية والبكتريولوجية على عينات الصخور ومياه النضح البالغ عددها 100 عينة والماخوذة من بعض كهوف المنطقة الشمالية في العراق التي شملت بهيري, شرانش, خنس, بجيل وانشكي للفترة ما بين تشرين الثاني - 2010 لغاية نيسان - 2011.ت | This study was included some of ecological and bacteriological tests on rocks and dripping water samples which were included 100 samples taken from some of north region caves in Iraq including Beherii, Sharanish, Khanas, Bejeel and Inishky from the period between November - 2010 to April - 2011.The results of ecological tests which represented with cave environment temperature were ranged from (13 - 24)?C and dripping water temperature were ranged from (11 - 20)?C while the results of pH values for the same sample shows simple variation between (7 - 8) for dripping water and (6 - 9) for the rocks samples. The results of geological screening and mineralization by using X - Ray Fluorescence and X - Ray - Diffraction showed that Beherii cave was mainly composed of manganese with 102 ppm comparing with other caves. While the concentration of iron and sulfur oxides were very low for all caves. The rocks of Beherii and Khanas caves were mainly composed of Dolomite (CaMg (CO3)2), Sharanish cave was composed of Calcite (CaCO3) and Dolomite with the closed ratio, while the rocks of Bejeel and Inishky were composed mainly of Calcite. The isolated bacteria in this study were identified according to cultural and morphological characteristics and biochemical tests, while the bacillus species were identified by using Microgen Bacillus Id System. Twenty two bacterial isolates were identified from total samples. There were nine (9)identified isolates from Beherii cave with 40.9% including Arthrobacter spp., Lysobacter spp., Caulobacter spp., Bacillus freudenreichii and Bacillus subtilis in with 4.5% for each isolate, while there was 18.1% of Methanogenic bacteria with its four genuses including Methanobacterium spp., Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanospirillium spp. and Methanosata spp. In Sharanish cave there was one isolate of sulfur oxidizing bacteria with 4.5 % from the total isolates. Three isolates were identified from Khanas cave included Pseudomonas spp., Xanthobacter spp., Clostridium spp. with 4.5% for each isolate. In addition, it was obtained from a cave Bejeel on six isolates included Bacillus lichiniformis, Bacillus lentus and 2 isolates of Bacillus cereus group, Streptomyces spp. and Gallionella spp. with 4.5% for each isolate and Merismopedia spp., Myxococcus Xanthus, Clostridium spp. were Isolated from Inishky cave with 4.5%for each isolate. The relation between some of bacterial species were studied by detection of the lytic ability of Lysobacter spp. and Myxococcus xanthus for Arthrobacter spp.The microbial role in caves were studied by detection of the ability of some isolated bacteria in Calcium Carbonate (calcite) formation and estimatation of calcite production, Xanthobacter spp. was the highest productive bacteria which gives0.2073 gram during 14 days comparing with other bacterial species.In addition, the effect of temperature and pH on calcite formation by Bacillus freudenreichii were studied, the results showed variation on calcite shape in 20?C and 30?C while the highest value of calcite production in pH.8 was 0.1336 gram comparing with pH.9 with 0.0190 calcite gram. The study also detected the ability of some isolated bacteria to oxidize of iron, manganese and sulfur, where Streptomyces spp. Gallionella spp. and one isolate of bacillus cereus group have shown the ability of oxidize iron on leptothrix medium while Bacillus freudenreichii, Bacillus lichinformis, Bacillus lentus, one isolate of Bacillus cereus group and Streptomyces spp. have shown the ability to the oxidize of manganese on Krumbein and Altmann Agar Medium. In addition, sulfur oxidizing bacteria has shown ability to oxidize sulfur on M.S. Agar and produce sulfuric acid as a product of the oxidation process.
