First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية لبعض مشتقات البريميدين الجديدة بتطبيق تفاعل سوزوكي == Synthesis And Characterization And Biological Activity Study of Some New Pyrimidine Derivatives Via Application Suzuki Reaction

Author name: رؤى جميل كامل

Supervisor name: نبيل عبد عبد الرضا

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Organic Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت الرسالة تحضير وتشخيص عدد من مشتقات البريميدين الجديدة من خلال تطبيق تفاعل سوزوكي، كما شملت الرسالة الفعالية البايولوجية للمركبات المحضرة ضد فيروس الايدز، تم انجاز موضوع الرسالة بتطبيق الاجزاء التالية : الجزء الاول تحضير المركبات 99 , 101 , 103 , 1 | The thesis included a detailed study of the biological importance of Pyrimidines compounds. The literature screening included the synthesis of different derivatives of pyrimidines compounds as well as their chemical reactivity , in addition to the experimental part which included the chemical procedures for preparation of the new derivatives of pyrimidine. New pyrimidine derivatives have been prepared by several parts : The first part include preparation of compounds 99 , 101 , 103 , 105 , 107 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 116 by Suzuki coupling reaction via reaction of uracil derivatived with the aromatic boronic acids to give new derivatives.The second part includes preparation of pyrimidine derived 117 by nitration of compound 42 using of concentrated nitric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid and preparation of new derivatives starting from compound 117 via Suzuki coupling reaction with some aromatic boronic acids.The third part includes includes preparation of new two compounds derived from compound 120 via Suzuki coupling reaction with the different boronic acides. The fourth part includes preparation of pyrimidine derivatives 126 by reaction of pyrimidine derivatives 120 with para - chloroaniline via coupling reaction to give the new derivative of azo pyrimdine dye.The fifth part includes preparation of new two compounds derived from compound 126 via Suzuki coupling reaction with the different boronic acides.As well as the thesis which us discussed the preparation and identification of new pyrimidine derivatives from throough spectra (I.R) , (1H - NMR) , (13C - NMR) and (C.H.N) and specta (HSQC) , (COSY) and (HMBC). For some of these compounds, and these identification studies approved the correctness of the chemical structures for the prepared derivatives. As well as in the thesis is included biological activity against AIDS. Scheme (1)R NO. R NO.4 - OH 96 4 - CHO 984 - OMe 109 4 - Cl 1004 - CN 111 4 - OEt 1024 - CF3 113 4 - OMe 1043,4 - OMe 115 4 - Br 106 (A) : (Ph3P)4Pd, Na2CO3, n - PrOH, Reflux(B) : NaNO2, HCl, (0 - 5)C°, 16h.

تحضير وتشخيص الليكاند 7 - ]2 - (بنزاميدازوليل) ازو [ - 8 - هيدروكسي كوينولين مع بعض ايونات العناصر الانتقالية ودراستها ضوئيا == Preparation And Identification of Ligand 7 - [2 - (Benz Imidazolyl)Azo] - 8 - Hydroxy Quinoline (BIAHQ) And With Some of Transition Elements Ions And Photo Study

Author name: سؤدد عبد الباقر جابر

Supervisor name: حسن عباس حبيب | خالد جواد العادلي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: لقد تضمنت هذه الرسالة تحضير نوع جديد من ليكاندات الازو العضوية غير المتجانسة حلقيا الحاوية على مجموعة ازو واحـدة وهو الليكاند 7 - ]2 - (بنزاميدازوليل ازو[ - 8 - هيدروكسي كوينولين(BIAHQ).وقد تم تشخيص هذا الليكاند بوساطة طيف الكتلة وبروتون طيف الرنين الن | This research included prepare a new ligand of azo organic heterocyclic ring containing one azo group which ligand 7 - [2 - (Benzimidazolyl azo) - 8 - hydroxy quinoline] (BIAHQ). Has been identification this ligand by mass spectrometry , proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra ,infrared and UV - visible as well as analysis of the elements(C,H,N), included the preparation of four complexes of ligand (BIAHQ) with metal ions Co 2+ , Ni 2+,Cu 2+ and Zn2+ also studied the spectra of infrared spectra of the complexes prepared, and when compared with the spectra of the free ligand gave the obvious changes have shown these spectra a new peaks were not already present in the spectra ligand This is due to corrdenation between the metal ions under study with the atoms donor nitrogen group azo and nitrogen atom imidazole ring (N3) in the molecule of ligand, suffered with other peakes obvious changes in the shape, intensity and location, and an indication of this process for corrdenation between the metal ions under study and ligand, also studied the spectra of UV - visible, as well as a rigorous analysis of the elements (C,H,N) has been shown by the results agreat compatibility between the ratios calculated theoretically and practically of acquired. Through the results that have been reached suggested formulas compositional complexes showing through which that ligand azo imidazole mono - azo behave as ligand Triplalt coordenat through a nitrogen atom imidazole ring (N3),nitrogen group azo away from the ring heterogeneous and Oxygen of hydroxy quinoline group, which leads to the formation of complexes hexagonal symmetry. Studied the kinetics of photochemical dissociation of these complexes claw through irradiation solution single - wavelength light 365=? nm issued by the mercury lamp low pressure and at a temperature of 25 ?c and show that the interaction of dislocation is first order for all complexes. Was calculated photolysis rate constant kd mediated follow spectral changes during the process of irradiation. For access to the optimum conditions for the dissolution of these complexes have been studying the impact of several factors on the behavior of photochemical included : study the effect of the change in the intensity of light on the rate of disintegration and found that the increas in the intensity of the incident light increased the rate of disintegration of the complexes , as well as the study of the disintegration of the complexes in the temperature range 30 - 15?c found it increasing the temperature increases rate of disintegration. Values were calculated activation energy for all complexes , also studied the effect of the acidic function within the range of 9.3 and found that the rate of the disintegration of the four complexes increases with increasing pH solution. It was the study of the effect of the solvent polarity on the rate of disintegration using solvents ( methanol , ethanol,1 - butanol and isopropanol ) and found that the higher the rate of the disintegration of the complexes have been achieved in methanol , while lower rate was in isopropanol.Also thermal stability studied for ligand and complexes were submitted to thermal analysis (TGA and DSC) activation thermodynamic data are calculated and determainTg ,Tc , Tm and Td.

تحضير ودراسة طيفية وامتزاز لمعقدات بعض ايونات العناصر الانتقالية لليكندات المشتقة == Synthesis Spectroscopic And Adsorption Studies of Some Ions Transition Metal Complexes For Ligands Derived From Sulfamethoxazole And Its Mixed Ligands

Author name: فرح علي داود

Supervisor name: ساهرة صادق عبد الرزاق | احمد ثابت نعمان

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: ان الهدف من الدراسة هو تحضير وتشخيص ليكاند ثنائي السن : - [4 - (5,5 - dimethyl - 3 - oxocyclohex - 1 - enylamino) - N - (5 - methylisoxazol - 3 - yl)benzene sulfonamide]من تفاعل السلفاميثوكسازول مع الدايميدون لينتج الليكاند [H2L] باستخدام طريقة الصهر ا | The aim of the study is the preparation and characterization of bidentate Ligand [4 - (5,5 - dimethyl - 3 - oxocyclohex - 1 - enylamino) - N - (5 - methylisoxazol - 3 - yl) benzene sulfonamide]. The ligand was prepared by fusing sulfamethoxazole and dimedone at (170) ?C for half hour. The prepared ligand was characterized by FTIR,UV - Vis spectroscopy, H1,C3 - NMR spectra, mass spectra, molar conductivity measurement and melting point. The molecular structure for the ligand [H2L] which was proposed as drawn in the figure below : - Ligand [H2L]The complexes prepared using reflux in ethanol as solvent were two types namely : - 1 - Complexes of (1 : 1) mole ratio formula [M(H2L)(H2O)2]Cl22 - Complexes of (1 : 1 : 1) mole ratio formula [M(H2L)(HA)] in the presence of KOH as a base, Where : - M(II) = (Co ,Ni ,Cu) HA= 3 - amino phenol. Spectroscopic methods (FT - IR, UV - Vis spectroscopy) along with (A.A), chloride content and melting point were carried out in addition to molar conductance were done for the characterization of all complexes.The proposed tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions studied were concluded from these measurements. [M(H2L)(H2O)2]Cl2 [M(H2L)(HA)]Molar ratio method were used to determine M to L ratio at maximum wave length (?max=455nm ).The ratio were (1 : 1) mole for both complexes (1) and (4). Bentonite clay was used as adsorbent surface to gather with complexes (1) and (4). The adsorption time investigated was between (15 - 120) min at (25)°C as constant concentration for complexes being (70) mg/L for complex (1) and (50) mg/L for Complex (4) and mesh 75))?m. The results revered that the time needed to reach concentration equilibrium in the were 60 to 75 min for complex (1) and (4). during studying isotherm adsorption for the two complexes on bentonite surface, the results revealed that the trend of the adsorption isotherm was (L1) type according to Giles classification , which means that the adsorbent distributed horizontally on the bentonite surface to from a single adsorption layer type langmire.The adsorption phenomenon was studied at different temperatures (10, 25, 37.5, and 50) oC. The results of the adsorption for both complexes on bentonite surface were showed an increase with increasing temperature (endothermic process). Thermodynamic functions (?Ho, ?Go, and ?So) were calculated and the results were discussed. Generally, the increase in the pH of solution was showed an increase in quantity of both complexes that adsorbed on bentonite clay surface at a certain temperature. The study proved that an increase of adsorbent weight may be enhanced the adsorption process of both complexes. Moreover, the particle size of clay surfaces has an influence on the adsorption process showing an increase in adsorption quantity as the particle size decreased.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات الملئيمات الجديدة الحاوية على حلقات 2 - بايرازولين وبايرمدين - 2 - اون / ثايون ودراسة فعاليتها البايولوجية ثم بلمرتها ذايا او مع بعض معوضات الفاينيل == Preparation And Identification Some New Maleimide Derivatives Containing 2 - Pyrazoline And Pyrimidin - 2 - One/Thione Rings And Study of Biological Activity Then Homopolymerization Or With Some Substituted Vinyl

Author name: غزوان حسن عبد الوهاب الصميدعي

Supervisor name: احمد شهاب حمد الجنابي | خالد مطني محمد الجنابي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: ترتبط بعض الامراض النفسية مثل مرض الاكتئاب الشديد والفصام بتغيرات مناعية حتى ولو كان الشخص سليم من الناحية الجسمية. على الرغم من ان هذين المرضين لايعتبران حاليا من الامراض المناعية الاساسية لكن توجد ادلة تقترح كون الالتهاب يلعب دورا في عملية الاصابة بالاك | Psychiatric illnesses, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, are associated with inflammatory processes even in individuals who are otherwise physically healthy. While it is unlikely that MDD and schizophrenia are a primary inflammatory disorder, evidence suggesting that inflammation plays a subtle role in the pathophysiology of MDD and schizophrenia has been obtained. Several studies have shown that proinflammatory markers have increased in these disorders. However, these studies have included patients with obvious inflammation, i.e., patients with C - reactive protein >6 mg/L. A comprehensive study concluding that these conditions are inflammatory disorders and inflammation is due only to these two disorders have not been performed. In the present study, the inflammatory natures of MDD and schizophrenia were investigated. To achieve this goal, serum levels of the interleukins - 6 (IL - 6) and interleukins - 18 (IL - 18), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?), and soluble interleukin - 2 receptor (sIL - 2R) in MDD and schizophrenia were obtained and compared with those of the control group. The total serum and ionized levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the studied groups were then measured.Significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum levels of IL - 6, IL - 18, TNF?, and sIL - 2R in the MDD and schizophrenic groups were observed in comparison with those of the control group. In general, the schizophrenic group showed higher levels of inflammatory markers than the MDD and control groups. These results indicate a clear inflammatory state in both disorders. The schizophrenic patients exhibited significant changes in the ratios of T. Ca/Mg and I. Ca/Mg in comparison with those of the healthy and MDD patients; this finding reveals that T. Ca/Mg and I. Ca/Mg ratios are better indicators of cation state than serum cation levels alone.Basing on the results of the present study, we concluded that the immunological responses of the MDD and schizophrenia are significantly stimulated. These conditions may be considered inflammatory disorders because of increased pro - and inflammatory factors in both disorders.Anti - inflammatory drugs may be potentially used as an adjuvant aid in treating schizophrenia and MDD. Future studies may involve investigating other proinflammatory markers and following up results of treated patients that utilized and did not utilize anti - inflammatory drugs.

تحضير ودراسة طيفية ومعالجة نظرية لمعقدات مزيج ليكاندي مشتقات البنزاميدازول والفينانثرولين

Author name: دعاء حبيب محل

Supervisor name: محاسن فيصل الياس

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Organic Chemistry

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: In this study, two new aromatic chalcones have been synthesized. The first one contain one amino phenyl group while the second contain two amino phenyl groups , from the reaction of 2 - acetothiophene or pamino acetophenone with p - or m - amino benzaldehyde respectively by Claisen - Schmidt condensation in alcoholic base medium (10%NaOH ).Also, some of heterocyclic compounds have been derived from these prepared chalcones as a derivatives for 2 - pyrazoline ring and for dihydro pyrimidine - 2 - one/thione as follows : 1 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl ) - 2 - pyrazoline (3,9) derivatives from condensation of (1,2) chalcone with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol.2 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl) - 1 - phenyl - 2 - pyrazoline (4,10) derivatives by the reaction of chalcone (1,2)with phenyl hydrazine in presence of acetic acid.3 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl) - 1 - substituted - 2 - pyrazoline (5 - 7,11 - 13) from the reaction of chalcones (1,2) with semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide and isoniazide in strong basic medium (45% NaOH) in absolute ethanol.4 - Preparation of 4,6 - di(amino phenyl ) - 3,4 - dihydro pyrimidine - 2 - one / thion (14,15) : from the reaction of chalcone(2)with urea and thiourea in presence of sodium ethoxide in absolute ethanol in two ways : thermal catalyse and ultrasonic waves with high yield for the last one.The phenyl amines derivatives (3 - 7,9 - 15)included benzidine (8) were converted into N - substituted maleimic acid (16 - 28) , by reacted it with maleic acid anhydride in ether or dry acetone.These derivatives (16 - 28) were undergo dehydration by using anhydrous acetic and sodium acetate to give N - substituted malimide products ( 29 - 41) in good yield.Also, the homopolymers (42 - 54) for these malimides were prepared by free radical polymerization with benzoyl peroxide as initiator and dimethyl formamide (DMF) as a solvent at 130 0C. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com The copolymers (55 - 104)have been prepared by the samemethod and initiator with vinyl acetate for polymers (55 - 67)and with acryl amide for polymers (68 - 72) and with allyl benzene for polymers (73 - 80) and with maleimide (31) for the polymers (81 - 88) , also with maleimide (32) for the polymers (89 - 96) and finally with maleimide (33) for the polymers (97 - 104).The structures of these new compounds were characterized by UV spectra (as a comparable study for unpolymered molecules ),IR (infra - red ) spectra and 1H - NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance ) spectra for some of the prepared compounds and followed by TLC (thin layer chromatography ).The stability of these compounds (9 - 12) were studied spectrally from the changing in its high absorbance values (peaks) ?max for their solutions at concentrations 2×10 - 5M in light and dark with time for comparability. These compounds showed good stability whichcan be suggested to be used as an organic reagents for analytical study especially with drugs and phenolic compounds.More ever, the identification study , here we have studied the heoretical study of formation heat for intermediates and final compounds bodies length of the bond which was agreement with the particularly results.This study ,also includes the biological activity for some of the prepared compounds against four kinds of germs which known by its resistance against antibiotics ,these are Staphylococcus aureus (positive for Gram stain )and Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonalla typhi (negative for Gram stain ) and studiesy the inhibition values for these compounds comparable with three of standard antibiotics as controls (ampicilline : C1, Cloxacilin : C2, erythromycin : C3) , and the results show the ability of these prepared compounds to inhibit all the used germs except Pseudomonas which shows clear resistant for less polarity comparable with control samples.

دراسة بايوكيميائية وجزيئية لتاثير مرض السكري من النوع الثاني على مستوى الهوموسيستين وعلاقته بالجين (SHMT1C1420T) == Biochemical And Molecular Study On The Effect of Diabetes Type II On Homocysteine Level And Its Relationship With Gene (SHMT1C1420T)

Author name: حسام داود عبد الله

Supervisor name: نزار احمد ناجي | عقيل حسين علي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Inorganic Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - College Of Science For Girls - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: في هذا البحث تم تحضير واستخدام ليكاندين من مشتقات ال 2 - مركبتوبنزاميدازول وهما 2 - بنزويل ثايو بنزاميدازول (L1) و2 - ) بارا نايتروبنزويل ) ثايوبنزاميدازول (L2) لتحضير نوعين من المعقدات احدهما بوجود الليكاند المشترك phenanthroline (L') 1,10 - مع ايونات ا | IN this work Two of 2 - mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives ligands 2 - benzoyl thiobenzimiazole (L1) and 2 - (p - nitrobenzoyl) thiobenzimiazole (L2) were prepared and used to synthesize two types of transition metal complexes ; One of the set of complexes was prepared in presence of a co - ligand 1,10 - phenanthroline(L') with the metal ions V(IV), Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II), the other set of complexes was prepared with the heavy metal ions Rh(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Au(III) using conventional method. These ligands and their metal complexes were isolated and characterized in solid state using FT - IR, UV - Vis spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra 1H, 13C - NMR, flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis C.H.N.S. and magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as melting point and conductivity measurements. The nature of bonding between the metal ion and the donor atoms of the ligands was demonstrated through the calculation of Racah parameter and other ligand field parameters, which were calculated using suitable Tanabe - Sugano diagrams. The nature of some (L2) complexes in liquid state was studied by following the molar ratio method which gave results approximately identical compared with those obtained from the isolated in the solid state; also, stability constants of the prepared complexes were studied , they were stable in the molar ratio 1 : 1.According to the results of the above measurements, the following shapes were suggested for the prepared complexes : Complexes of mixed ligands (L1 with L') : All complexes have an Oh geometry except V(IV) complex has a square pyramid geometry. Complexes of ligand (L2) : Complexes of Rh(III), Pd(II) and Au(III) have a square planar geometry, while Pt(IV) complex has an Oh geometry.A theoretical treatment of the ligands and the prepared complexes in gas phase was done using two programs; Hyperchem - 8 and Gaussian program (GaussView Currently Available Versions (5.0.9) along with Gaussian 09 which is the latest in the Gaussian series of programs).Hyper chem. - 8 program used the molecular mechanics and semi - empirical calculation, the heat of formation (?H?f), binding energy (?Eb) dipole moment (µ) for the free ligands and their metal complexes were calculated using ZINDO/1, PM3 and AMBER methods at 298 K. It was found that the complexes were more stable than their ligands; furthermore, the electrostatic potential of free ligands was calculated to investigate the reactive site of the molecules, PM3 was used to evaluate the vibrational spectra of free ligands ,the obtained frequencies agreed well with those values experimentally found; in addition, the calculation helped to assign unambiguously the most diagnostic bands.Electronic spectra measurements for the ligands were calculated theoretically using ZINDO/S method comparing it with the experimental results. It was found that there was a closely relationship between the theory and experimental spectra.Gaussian program semi - empirical (PM3) method which used in order to calculate : the geometry optimization, dipole moment (?),total energy ,electrostatic potential, ELUMO and EHOMO was obtained, evaluate the vibrational spectra of free ligands and these obtained frequencies agreed well with those values experimentally found.Also electronic spectra measurements for the ligands were calculated theoretically by using the job type : Single point energy (SP) along with ZINDO method and also the job type frequency (Freq) used along with CIS method (3 - 21G).

Author name: مثنى سعيد علي كريم

Supervisor name: سهام توفيق امين | عبد الرحمن خضيرعبد الحسين الطائي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Organic Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/work%202018/science%20dept/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF.pdf

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: الدراسة تتضمن ثلاثة خطوات : - الخطوة الاولى : _ تحضير قواعد شيف (H1 - H15) التي تحتوي على موقع بارامع رسم المجموعات تحتوي على التحضيرات على التوالي في وسط متعادل خلال التفاعل بين مركبات الامينات الاروماتية ومعوضات البنزلديهايد في الايثانول المطلق. الخطوة | First step Schiff bases [H1 - 15] containing Para donating and with drawing groups have been prepared respectively in a neutral medium, through the reaction between aromatic amines compounds and substituted enz aldehyde in absolute ethanol. Second steppreparation of some of heterocyclic compounds include 3 - chloro - 2 - oxo - zetidine - 2 - one (H16 - 30) through its rection with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of tri ethyl amine in 1,4 - Dioxan and2 - (substituted aryl)thiozoldin - 4 - one (H31 - 40) is prepared from the reaction of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases in presence of zinc chloride in dry Benzene and2 - (sub.aryl) - 5,7 - di - one oxazipene (H41 - 50) are synthesized by cyclization of Schiff bases using malic anhydride in methanol.Third stepthis part of the research included the preparation of compounds similar to chalcones which are the phenyl propene amide derivatives by the condensation of acetanilide and substituted acetanilide with substituted benzadehydes The phenyl propene amide derivatives were reacted with hydrazaid(iso nazaid) is preparation of Pyrazoline compounds (H56 - 60) are synthesized from the reaction of chalcons (H50 - 55).The structures of the synthesized compounds were supported by means of (FTIR), (UV - Vis), (1H - NMR) and the results are agreement with the proposed structures assigned to the synthesized compounds. Study of the biological activity for prepared compounds The study also includes the biological activity for some of the prepared compounds against four kinds of germs which known by its resistance against antibiotics, these are the compounds (H18,H31,H35,H41,H42,H53,H5) are tested on four types of germs which cause illness and resist the antibiotic agents and these germs( Bacillus submits, E - coli, salmonella, Enter course)and study the biological activity for some of the activity using different concentration and different type of fungous The results showed prominent activity against these bacteria, the detailed antibacterial screening are reported in Table (15) and the Inhibition of the fungus screening are reported in Table (16).

التقدير الطيفي للترايفلوبيرازين والكلوربرومازين في المستحضرات الصيدلانية باستخدام تفاعلات الاكسدة == Spectrophotometric Determination of Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride And Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride In Pharmaceutical Formulation By Oxidation Reactions

Author name: عمر عدنان هاشم شريف ال ابليش

Supervisor name: علي ابراهيم خليل الجبوري | محسن حمزة بكر

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: This study contained ageneral introduction about the Ion - Selective electrodes and ageneral introduction about Schiff's Base and the determination of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride (DPH) and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (PEH) and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride (METO) and Metformin Hydrochloride (METF ) drugs using new methods applying potentiometric (the first part) and using Schiff's Base as ionophor In ISES membranes ( the second part).The first part includes construction of membrane selective electrodes for DPH and PEH drugs based on complexation of drugs with Ammonium Reinckate (AR) and Phospho Molybdic acid (PMA) as an active substance using Di - n - Butyl phthalate (DBPH) as a plasticizers , poly vinyl chloride was used as a matrix for all electrodes.The Characters of each electrode were as follow : 1. For the Diphenhydramine - Ammonium Reinckate (DP - AR) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (4.5 - 6.5), (20 - 30?C), 10 - 2 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29.40) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9971, detection limit (8.88x10 - 7 M) and life time of the electrode was 34 days.2. For the Diphenhydramine - Phospho Molybdic acid (DP - PMA) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (4.5 - 6.5), (20 - 30 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29. 90) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9960, detection limit (6.8x10 - 8 M )and life time of the electrode was 40 days.3. For the Phenylephrine - Ammonium Reinckate (PE - AR) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (5 - 6), (25 - 30 ?C), 10 - 3 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29.8) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9990, detection limit (2.22x10 - 7 M) and life time of the electrode was 24 days.4. For the Phenylephrine - Phospho Molybdic acid (PE - PMA) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (5 - 6), (25 - 30 ?C), 10 - 3 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29.5mv\decade), correlation coefficient r= 0.9990, detection limit (4.87x10 - 7 M ) and life time of the electrode was 26 days.The second part includes the use of Schiff's Base as ionophor in ISES MembranesThe second part includes construction of membrane selective electrodes for METO and METF drugs based on complexation of drugs Schiff METO and Schiff METF as Ionophor with Phospho Molybdic acid (PMA) as an active substance using Nitro benzene (NB) and Di - n - Butyl phthalate (DBPH) as a plasticizers , poly vinyl chloride was used as a matrix for all electrodes.The Characters of each electrode were as follow : 1.For the Metoclopramide - Phospho Molybdic acid (Schiff’s METO - PMA) electrode using (NB) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (4 - 6), (20 - 35 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (19.90) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9970, detection limit (4.5x10 - 7 M) and life time of the electrode was 122 days.2.For the Metoclopramide - Phospho Molybdic acid (Schiff’s METO - PMA) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (4 - 6), (20 - 35 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively. The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29. 70) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9950, detection limit (3.83x10 - 7 M )and life time of the electrode was 108 days.3.For the Metformin - Phospho Molybdic acid (Schiff’s METF - PMA) electrode using (NB) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (5 - 6), (25 - 35 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29. 30) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9970, detection limit (3.87x10 - 7M )and life time of the electrode was 102 days.4.For the Metformin - Phospho Molybdic acid (Schiff’s METF - PMA) electrode using (DBPH) as a plasticizers, the optimum condition were (5 - 6), (25 - 35 ?C), 10 - 4 M for pH , temperature and concentration of filling solution respectively.The linear concentration range was from (10 - 5 - 10 - 1) M with a slope of (29. 10) mv/decade, correlation coefficient r= 0.9980, detection limit (2.37x10 - 7 M )and life time of the electrode was 90 days

دراسة تاثير الفسفاتين وبعض المتغيرات الحياتية على مرضى سوفان المفاصل المصابين وغير المصابين بداء السكري من النوع الثاني == A Study of Visfatin And Some Biochemical Variables In Osteoarthritis With And Without Diabetes Mellitus Type2

Author name: لمياء شاكر عاشور

Supervisor name: طارق محمد علي رجب الحكيم | حامد غفوري حسن

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يتضمن هذا الفصل مقدمة عن المركبات الدوائية الاتية وطرائق تقديرها وهي : • الترايفلوبيرازين هيدروكلوريد Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride • طرائق تقدير للترايفلوبيرازين هيدروكلوريد Methods for the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride • الكلوربروم | This thesis consists of four chapters : Chapter one : contains introduction about drug compounds listed below - Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. - Methods for the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. - Chlorpromazine hydrochloride. - Methods for the determination of Chlorpromazine. - Aim of the research.Chapter two The Chapter includes the development of a new sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of a Trifluoperazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride with Sulphanilic acid reagent in a acidic medium pH 1.4 in the presence of Potassium Iodate to produce an intense violet coloured, water soluble and stable product , which exhibits maximum absorption at 544 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the arange 12 to 66 µg.ml - 1 of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride, with a molar absorptivity of 4804 L.mo1 - 1.cm - 1 , Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.01 µg.cm - 2 , relative error range not more than 1.26% , and D.L 0.495 µg.ml - 1. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride in tablets.Chapter threeThe Chapter includes the development of a sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution based on reduction of Fe3+ with Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. The Fe2+ formed is complexed with 2,2’ - bipyridyl at pH 4.2 to produce a red , water soluble and stable complex, which exhibits maximum absorption at 524 nm. Beer’s law obeyed in the concentration range from 2 to 50 µg.ml - 1 of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. The molar absorptivity is 5284.4 L.mol - 1.cm - 1 and Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.090 µg. cm - 2 , relative error from 1.64 % , and D.L 0.788 µg.ml - 1. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride in tablets.Chapter FourThe Chapter includes the development of a new sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of a Chlorpromazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride with Sulphanilamide reagent in a acidic medium pH 3.2 in the presence of Ammonium ceric Sulphate dihydrate to produce an intense violet coloured, water soluble and stable dye, which exhibits maximum absorption at 530 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the arange 6 to 66 µg.ml - 1 of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride, with a molar absorptivity of 2842.28 L.mo1 - 1.cm - 1 , Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.1250 µg.cm - 2 , relative error range not more than 2.49 % , and D.L 1.2028 µg.ml - 1. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride in tablets.

دراسة مستوى انزيم الرينيين والفا - ل - فيوكوز وبعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية للمرضى المصابين بالعجز الكلوي المزمن == Level of Renin Enzyme, ? - L - Fucose And Some Biochemical Markers For Chronic Renal Failure Patients

Author name: سروت بهرام عارف محمود الكاكةئي

Supervisor name: صباح حسين خورشيد

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Biochemistry

Degree: Doctorate

University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: خلفيه البحث : سوفان المفاصل هو مرض مزمن يؤدي الى حدوث تغيرات ضارة في الغضاريف والعظام والاربطة والعضلات , علما ان وصف المرض بشكل دقيق غير محدد لحد الان. والسؤال المطروح عن العلاقة بين العلامات الناتجة عن هذا المرض وتلك الناتجة عن مرض السكري, هل الام السك | خلفيه البحث : سوفان المفاصل هو مرض مزمن يؤدي الى حدوث تغيرات ضارة في الغضاريف والعظام والاربطة والعضلات , علما ان وصف المرض بشكل دقيق غير محدد لحد الان. والسؤال المطروح عن العلاقة بين العلامات الناتجة عن هذا المرض وتلك الناتجة عن مرض السكري, هل الام السكري تخفي الام المفاصل ؟ حيث ان كلا المرضين(السكري والمفاصل) هما من الامراض المزمنة وتتصف بمستويات غير واضحة من التغيرات البايولوجية للمريض.الهدف من البحث : صممت هذه الدراسة لايجاد العلاقة بين داء السكري وسوفان المفاصل من خلال دراسة بعض المتغيرات الحياتية المشتركة بين المرضين مثل الفسفاتين واللبتين وهرمون النمو المشابه للانسولين... , وايضا دراسة تاثير داء السكري على تطور سوفان المفاصل. العينات, المواد وطرائق العمل : تضمنت هذه الدراسة (88)عينة مرضية من النساء فقط تراوحت اعمارهم (40 - 60) سنه ,في بداية التشخيص لمرض سوفان المفاصل من المصابين وغير المصابين بداء السكري الذين يعانون من السمنه)وقد تم جمع العينات من مستشفى الكاظمية التعليمي والمركز الوطني لبحوث وعلاج السكري / مستشفى اليرموك,من شهر ايار - تشرين الاول(2013 ) وقد تم تقسيم عينات المرضى الى ثلاث مجاميع وهي( مجموعة سوفان المفاصل وعددهم 24)و(مجموعة داء السكري وعددهم 20عينه)و(المجموعة الحاملة كلا المرضين عددهم 24عينه) فضلا عن مجموعة السيطرة وعددهم (20عينه) وقد تم تقدير مستويات الدوال في امصال العينات من خلال اجراء الفحوصات المختبرية التالية : هرمون الفس?اتين, هرمون االلبتين, هرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين - 1,مستوى الانسولين الصائم , هرمون المناسل المحفز الجربي FSH والمحفز للجسم الاصفر LH , مؤشر معصد البلازما بوساطه العلاقة اللوغاريتمية المتمثلة بالكسر المولي للدهون الثلاثية والدهون عالية الكثافة وفحص مقاومه الانسولين,وفحص السكر الصائم, الدهون في الدم وخضاب الدم المعسل والتي تم قياسها لجميع المرضى وافراد مجموعة السيطرة.النتائج : كانت النتائج المستحصلة من هذه الدراسة كما يلي : ? اظهر المستوى االمصلي للفسفاتين واللبتين وكذلك قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما زياده معنويه في مجاميع المرضى الثلاث وهي (داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل والذين يعانون كلا المرضين) بمجموعه السيطرة بمستوى احتماليه p< 0.05)),في حين لوحظ انخفاض معنوي لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من كلا المرضين (السكري والسوفان) في حالة اخذ الدواء مقارنة بالمرضى بدون دواء تحت احتماليه p< 0.05)).? اظهر المستوى المصلي لهرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين انخفاض معنوي في مجاميع المرضى الثلاث وهي (داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل والذين يعانون كلا المرضين) بمجموعه السيطرة تحت احتماليه p< 0.05)), في حين لوحظت زيادة معنوية لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من كلا المرضين (السكري والسوفان) في حالة اخذ الدواء مقارنة بالمرضى بدون دواء تحت احتماليه p< 0.05)), ووجد ايضا ان عامل العمر له تاثير " كبير جدا على قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما ومستوى الفسفاتين ,اللبتين وهرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين.? اظهر انخفاض معنوي في مستوى نسبة LH/ FSH في مجاميع المرضى الثلاث وهي (داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل والذين يعانون كلا المرضين) بمجموعه السيطرة تحت احتماليه p< 0.05)), في حين وجدت زياده معنوية في مستوى نسبة LH/FSH في مجموعة المرضى اللذين يعانون من كلا المرضين مقارنة بمجموعة مرضى السكري ومجموعة سوفان المفاصل ولوحدها. ? مستوى الفسفاتين يرتبط ايجابيا مع قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما في مجموعة مرضى داء السكري والمجموعة اللذين يعانون كلا المرضين تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)),في حين لايوجد ارتباط بين مستوى الفسفاتين وقيم مؤشر معصد البلازما في مجموعة مرضى سوفان المفاصل ومجموعة السيطرة. ? اظهر مستوى هرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين ارتباطا سلبيا مع قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما عند مجاميع المرضى الثلاثة ( داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل وكلا المرضين) تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)), لكن لايوجد ارتباط مع مجموعة السيطرة. ? اظهر مستوى اللبتين ارتباطا ايجابيا مع قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما عند مجاميع المرضى الثلاث ( داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل وكلا المرضين) تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)), لكن لايوجد ارتباط مع مجموعة السيطرة.? وايضا وجد ارتباط سلبي بين مستوى الفسفاتين ومستوى اللبتين عند المجموعة الحاملة كلا المرضين داء السكري وسوفان المفاصل تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)),في حين كان هناك ارتباطا ايجابيا بين مستوى الفسفاتين ومستوى اللبتين عند مجموعة السكري ومجموعة سوفان المفاصل ولوحدها تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)), وقد وجد ايضا ارتباطا سلبيا بين مستوى الفسفاتين ومستوى هرمون النموالشبيه بالانسولين عند مجاميع المرضى الثلاث تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)) , ولايوجد ارتباط مع مجموعة السيطرة. ? اظهر ارتباطا ايجابيا بين مستوى نسبة LH/FSH وكل من مستوى الفسفاتين , اللبتين وهرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين عند مجاميع المرضى الثلاث تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)), لكن لايوجد ارتباط في مجموعة السيطرة. الاستنتاج : نستنتج ان سوفان المفاصل له تاثير مباشر على بعض المؤشرات الحياتية مثل مستويات هرموني اللبتين والفسفاتين واختلال الدهون وقيم مؤشر معصد البلازما. ومن اهم النتائج ان الفسفاتين مؤشر جيد لدراسة تطور المرض ومن الممكن استخدامه كوسيلة للعلاج وكذلك نستنتج ان السيطرة على مستويات السكر عند مرضى سوفان المفاصل مهم جدا خلال العلاج وبالاخص لو تطلب الامر اجراء عملية جراحية.

تحضير، تشخيص وتقييم بايولوجي لبعض الادوية المصاحبة المشتقة من بعض مضادات الالتهابات غير الستيرويدية == Synthesis , Characterization And Biological Evaluation of Some Prodrugs Derived From Non - Steroidal Anti - Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID's)

Author name: مصطفى راجي عايد حمد

Supervisor name: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي | اياد سعدي حميد الدليمي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: اجري هذا البحث لايجاد العلاقة بين العجز الكلوي المزمن ومستويات بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية عن طريق قياس مستوى انزيم الرينيين والفيوكوز الكلي (TF), الفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين (PBF) , البروتين المرتبطة بالسكريات السداسية (PBHex) وعدد من المتغيرات الكيموحيوية | This study has been done to determine the relationship between chronic renal failure and the level of some biochemical parameters (Rennin enzyme, Total Fucose(TF), Protein bound Fucose(PBF), protein bound Hexose (PBHex), and some other biochemical parameters including glucose , Urea, createnine, Uric acid, High density lipoproteins Cholestrol(HDL - c.), low density lipoproteins Cholestrol (LDL - c.) and electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Ca+2). Case study included (80) patients with chronic renal failure,Who admitted to the Kirkuk General Hospital Department of Dialysis , there ages were (31 - 60 years) of both sexes , patients has been divided into subgroups according to age {(31 - 35),(36 - 40),(41 - 45),(46 - 50),(51 - 550),(56 - 60)}year and severity compared with (45) normal persons as control with same ages, the results was as follows : Results showed a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of rennin enzyme (5.013±0.052 ng/mL.h) of patients before dialysis compared with control group (2.58±0.32 ng/mL.h) for different age groups, and there was a significant increase slightly for different age groups.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of TF and PBF (12.14±0.89 mg/dL),(7.450±0.18 mg/dL) respectively compared with control group (28.76±0.03 mg/dL), (2.26±0.27 mg/dL) respectively for different age groups, and there was no significant correlation between age groups or sex.There was significant decrease (P?0.01) in the level of protein bound hexose PBHex, (123.35±0.9 mg/dL) compared with control group (89.76±0.9 mg/dl) for different age groups, and there was no significant correlation between age groups or sex.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of glucose (5.072±0.13 mmol/L) compared with control group (7.03±0.46 mmol/L) for different age groups, and there was a significant increase for females (7.40±0.7 mmol/L) compared with males (6.84±0.4 mmol/L).There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of urea, uric acid and createnine, (5.66±0.24 mmol/L) , (336.5±1.4 mmol/L) , (90.8±1.3 mmol/L) respectively when compared with control group (34.27±0.9mmol/L) ,(516±1.8 mmol/L), (866±1.9 mmol/L) respectively for different age groups, and there was significant increase for males compared with females.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in K+ level (5.896±0.05mmol/L) compared with control group (4.253±0.12mmol/L) and there was no significant correlation for males compared with females.There was a significant decrease (P?0.01) in Na+, Ca+2 level, (2.317±0.044 mmol/L), (144.35±1.6mmol/L) respectively compared with control group (1.89±0.046 mmol/L) , (121.00±1.1mmol/L) respectively and there was no significant correlation for different age groups or males and females, while there was a a significant correlation for male (1.979±1.1mmol/L) compared with female (1.768±0.073mmol/L).Result showed a significant decrease in HDL_c in the serum of patients before dialysis (1.263±0.027 mmol/L) compared with control (0.701±0.014 mmol/L) and there was a significant increase in HDL - c for female group compared with male group.There was significant increase in LDL_c in the serum of patients before dialysis (2.946±0.019mmol/L) compared with control (5.1±0.68mmol/L) and there was a significant increase in LDL - c for female (6.30±1.3 mmol/L) compared with male group(5.076±0.023mmol/L).

تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات السكارين العضوية ومعقدات السكارين ومشتقاته الفوسفينية مع بعض الفلزات == Synthesis And Characterization Some of Organic Saccharin Derivatives And Metal Complexes of Saccharin And Its Phosphine Derrivative

Author name: عفراء صابر شهاب الزوبعي

Supervisor name: احمد عبد الحسن احمد الكاظمي | صبحي عطية محمود الجبوري

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Organic Chemistry

Degree: Doctorate

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: تضمن البحث تحضير عدد من الادوية المصاحبة المشتقة من مضادات التهاب غير ستيرويدية تم الحصول عليها من معمل ادوية سامراء هي الايبوبروفين، الاندوميثاسين، النابروكسين، الاسبرين، الكابتوبريل والايزونوزايد. عملية تحوير ال | In this study, a number of prodrugs have been synthesized starting from Non - steroidal anti inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Naproxen, Aspirin, Captopril and Isoniazid. The modification process started from the conversion of carboxyl group which is existing in these drugs (except in Isoniazid) into esters, chlorides and acid hydrazide.The drugs have been linked to each other and to itself via amide linkage through the reaction of their acid chlorides and acid hydrazides to afford 1,2 - diacyl hydrazine derivatives(M17 - M27). Some acid hydrazides have been treated with isophthaloyl chloride to Benzene - 1,3 - dicarbo hydrazide - 1,3 - Bis substituent(M28 - M30). The same hydrazides have been treated with Benzen - 1,3,5 - tri carbonyl tri chloride to afford Benzen - 1,3,5 - tricarbhydrazide - 1,3 - Tris substituent (M31 - M33). Compounds M28 and M29 have been treated with POCl3 to afford Bis - substituent - 5 - phenyl - 1,3,4 - Oxadizole(M34 - M35). Another modification onto drugs has been done through the linking of these drugs with quinazoline nucleus through amide linkage to afford N - (4 - oxo - 2 - phenylquinazolin - 3(4H) - yl)amide - substit derivatives (M38 - M42). Another modification has been carried out through the reaction of hydrazides with Aromatic aldehydes to afford the mono hydrazide - hydrazones derivatives or Schiff's bases (M43 - M65) and di hydrazide - hydrazones derivatives in which two moles from hydrazide have been treated with one mole of dialdehyde(M66 - M73). In addition, new hydrazones have been synthesized through the reaction of hydrazides with Isatin nucleus which is well known as biological active center to afford the compounds (M74 - M77) with good biological activity. Benzodiazepines have been obtained through the reaction of Isoniazid hydrazones with glycene phthalimide and p - aminobenzoic acid(M82 - M92). Indomethacin hydrazones have been treated with acetic anhydride to afford 1 - [2 - (substituent) - 5 - (5 - methoxy - 2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - ylmethyl) - [1,3,4]oxadiazol - 3 - yl] - ethanone derivatives (93 - M97). The Derivatives of 5 - substit - 2 - Mercapto - 1,3,4 - Oxadiazole(M98 - M103) have been obtained through the reaction of the drug hydrazides with CS2 in the presence of KOH. The oxadizoles have been treated with hydrazine hydrate to afford 4 - amino - 5 - sub - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol derivatives for the Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs(M104 - M107). In addition, 5 - sub - 1,3,4 - Oxadiazole - 2 - amine derivatives have been obtained through the reaction of drug hydrazides with BrCN(M108 - M111). The compound 5 - {1 - [4 - (2 - methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl} - N3 - phenyl - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3,4 - diamine (M113) has been synthesized through the reaction of the compound 2 - {2 - [4 - (2 - methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoyl} - N - phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (M112) with hydrazine hydrate. The ester compound 2 - hydroxyphenyl 2 - [4 - (2 - methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoate (M114) have been obtained through the reaction of Ibuprofen chloride with salicylic acid. The two compounds, 2 - (4 - Isobutyl - phenyl) - propionic acid [1 - (4 - methyl - piperazin - 1 - ylmethyl) - 2 - oxo - 1,2 - dihydro - indol - 3 - ylidene] - hydrazide (M115) and 2 - (4 - Isobutyl - phenyl) - propionic acid [5 - fluoro - 1 - (4 - methyl - piperazin - 1 - ylmethyl) - 2 - oxo - 1,2 - dihydro - indol - 3 - ylidene] - hydrazide (M116) have been obtained through the reaction of M74, M77 with excess of formaldehyde and equimolar of N - methyl piperazine.The synthesized compounds have been identified using Infra - red spectroscopy FTIR, Nuclear Magnetic resonance (1H,13C), Mass spectroscopy and X - Ray. In addition , the changes in physical properties such as melting points, boiling points and color have been considered. Finally, the biological activity of some synthesized compounds has been evaluated and some of them have shown good biological activity especially those containing Isatin nucleus (M74 - M77) and (M115 - M116).

تحضير وتشخيص مشتقات جديدة للاندنول تحمل حلقات غير متجانسة متنوعة == Synthesis And Characterization of New Indole Derivatives Bearing Various Hetero Rings

Author name: كاظم ماذي لازم العلياوي

Supervisor name: جمبد هرمز توما | خالد فهد علي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Organic Chemistry

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: تتضمن هذه الاطروحة تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات السكارين العضوية ومعقدات السكارين ومشتقاته الفوسفينية مع بعض الفلزات، حيث استخدم سكارينات الصوديوم والسكارين كمواد اولية للتحضير وكما ياتي : 1 - حضر N - كلور اسيتل سكارين (A2) من تفاعل السكارين مع كلور استيل كلور | This thesis include synthesis and characterization of some organic saccharin derivatives and metal complexes of saccharin and its phosphine derivatives are synthesized in this work according to the following : 1. The N - Chloro acetyl saccharin (A2) is prepared from the reaction of saccharin with chloro acetyl chloride, in presence of Et3N in 1,4 Dioxan. The N - (2 - aryl amino) acetyl saccharine (A3 - A9) is synthesized from the reaction of compound (A2) with the substituted amin.The N - (2 - Saccharin - 2yl) acetyl saccharine A(10) is prepared from reaction of two mole saccharin with mole chloro acetyl chloride in presence of Et3N in 1,4Dioxin.2. Mannich Bases (A11 - A26) are prepared from the reaction of saccharin with substituted primary amin and fromaldehyde in methanol.3. N - Hydroxy methyl saccharin (A27) is prepared from the reaction of saccharin with formaldehyde in H2O or EtOH. The N - methylacetat saccharin (A28) is prepared from the reaction of compound (A27) with acetic anhydride in the presence of NaOH.4. (3 - Benzosulfonamide2 - Carboxylicacid2 - yl)2 - imino thiazolidin - 4 - (one) (A29) is prepared from the reaction of compound (A2) with KSCN in acetone.5. N - Benzoyl Saccharin (A30) is prepared from the reaction of saccharin with Benzoyl Chloride in acetone in the presence of NaHCO3.6. N - acetyl Saccharin(A31) is prepared from the reaction saccharin with acetyl chloride in DMF in the presence of Et3N also N - acetyl saccharin (A49) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with acetyl chloride in DMF. The N - acetyl saccharine is used in the preparation of ? - ? - Unsaturated carbonyl compounds(A50 - A54) through its reaction with substituted benzaldehyde , and also N - acetyl saccharin is used in the preparation of Schiff bass A(55 - 58) through its reaction with substituted amine.7. N - acetonyl saccharin (A32) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro aceton in DMF. The N - acetonyl saccharin is used in the preparation of Schiff base A(33 - 38) through its reaction with substituted of amine and also N - Acetonyl saccharin is used in the.preparation.of? - ? - Unsaturated.carbonyl.compound(A39 - A45) through its reaction with substituted benzaldehyde.8. N - saccharinato acetic acid (A46) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro acetic acid in DMF. The N - saccharinato acetic acid used in the preparation of 5 - (N - Saccharin) methyl )2 - amino - 1,2,3 thiadiazol (A47) through its reaction with thio semicarbazide in toluene and also N - Acetic acid saccharin is used preparation of N - ((1H - benzo[d]imidozol - 2yl)methyl) Saccharin (A48) through its reaction with O - Phenyl diamine.9. N - 3 - bromopropyl saccharin (A59) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with 1,3 dibromopropan in DMF.10. 2 - ChloroN - (4 - (2 - methaoxazol - 5yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide (A60)is prepared from the reaction of4 - aminosulphamethaoxazol with chloroacetyl chlorid in 1,4dioxan in the presence of Et3N.2 - saccharin - N(4 - (2 - methyloxazol - 5yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl acetamide(A61)is.prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with (A6o)in DMF11. N - ethyl acetate saccharin A(62) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro ethyl acetate in DMF. The N - acetic acid saccharin (A63) is prepared from the acidic hydrolysis of N - ethylsaccharin acetate by HCl , CH3COOH.The N - (acetyl thiosemicarbazide)saccharine(A64) is prepared from in the reaction of thiosemicarbazide with (A62)in acetone.The 5 - ((N - Saccharin )methyl) - 1,3,4 - thiadiaezol A(65) is synthesized in ring closur reaction by compound (A64) by sulfuric acid.12. N - Diphenyl phosphin saccharin (66) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro diphenyl phosphine in dry ether. The N - diphenyl phosphin saccharin is used in the preparation of the complexe of the type [M CL2L2] , M=Pt(II) , Pd(II), Ni(II), L = Diphenyl phosphin saccharin [A70 - 72] through its reaction with Na2PdCl4 , PtCl2(DMSO)2,NiCl2 - 6H2O in CH2Cl2 or aceton in which N - Phenyl phosphin saccharin Ligands berhaves as amono dentat and coordinat through (P) atom to Metal.13. Aqua saccharin complexes of the type [M(Sac)2(H2O)4] 2H2O , (M=Ni,Co,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cd,Cu)(A73 - 79) are prepared from reaction sodium saccharin with divalent metal ions from (Ni,Co,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cd,Cu) in which saccharin Ligands behave amono dentate and coordinate through (N) atom to metal.Treament of (dppe , dppm) with aqua saccharinat complexes(A80 - A88) in CH2Cl2 gave complexes of this type.The treatment of dppe with aqua saccharinat complexes of the (Cd,Zn,Fe,Mn)(A79,A78 ,A76,A75)give complexes (A80 - A83)of this type [M(Sac)2(dppe)2], the dppe in these complexes coordinate as abidentate. but treatment of dppe with aqua saccharinat of the (Ni,Co)(A73,A74) gave complexes (A84,A85)of this type [M(Sac)2(dppe)], but treatment of dppe with aqua saccharinat complexes of the (Cu)(A77) , gave complexes(A86) of this type [Cu(Sac)dppe]. The treatment of dppm with aqua saccharinato complexes of the (Cd,Zn)(A78,A79) gave complexes (A87,A88) of this type [M(Sac)2(dppm)2].The structure of the synthesized compound are confirmed by I.R , H1 - N.M.R,C13 - N.M.R,Elemental analysis , molar conductivity and some chemical physical data.

تحضيروتشخيص بعض المشتقات الجديدة لثنائي هيدروبريميدينون باستخدام تفاعل بكينيلي ودراسة فعاليتها البايلوجية == Synthesis And Characterization And Biological Activity Study of Some New Dihydropyrimidinones Derivatives Via Application Biginelli Reaction

Author name: احمد ماهر فهيم

Supervisor name: نبيل عبد عبد الرضا

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: The present work involved synthesis of new indole derivatives containing other heterocyclic ring. These derivatives could be divided into the following parts : 1. The first part involved synthesis and characterization of novel 1,3 - diazidine[XIII]a - d and [XIV]a - d by the following steps : Scheme(1).a. Synthesis of 3 - [(5 - hydrazinyl - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)methyl] - 1H - indole [VI], this compound is synthesized by neucleophilic substitution reaction of 1,2,4 - triazole - 5 - thiol compound [V]a with excess of hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol as a solvent.b. Synthesis of 2 - {5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl) - propyl] - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl} - thio - acetohydrazide[VIII]b, by the reaction of ester compounds[VII]b with excess of 80% hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux.c. Synthesis of new Schiff bases[IX]a - d and [X]a - d by condensation reaction of primary amino compounds[VI] or [VIII]b with different aromatic aldehyde in absolute ethanol as a solvent.d. Synthesis of new N - acyl derivatives[XI]a - d and [XII]a - d by reaction of acetyl chloride with the synthesized Schiff bases[IX]a - d, [X] a - d in dry benzene.e. Synthesis of 1, 3 - diazetine derivatives[XIII]a - d and [XIV]a - d by addition reaction of compound[XI]a - d or [XII]a - d with sodium azide in dimethylformamid as a solvent at (55 - 60)0C temperature.2 - While the second part involved synthesis and characterization of novel thiazolidine - 4 - one compounds[XXI]a - d and [XXII]a - d by the following steps : Scheme(2).a. Synthesis of 2 - [5 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl) - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - yl] - thio - ethyl hydrazide[XVIII] by the reaction of ester compound[XVII] with excess of 80% hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux.b. Synthesis of 2 - {5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl) - methylene] - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl} - IXthio - ethylhydrazide[XVIII], by the reaction of ester compounds[XVII] with excess of hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux. Also synthesize new Schiff bases [XIX]a - d and [XX]a - d by condensation reaction of acid hydrazide compounds [VIII]a or [XVIII] with different aromatic aldehyde in absolute ethanol as a solvent.c. Synthesis of new thiazolidine - 4 - one derivatives, [XXI]a - d and [XXII]a - d by refluxing equimolar amounts from Schiff bases[XIX]a - d and [XX]a - d with excess of thioglycolic acid in dry benzene.3. The third part involved synthesis and characterization of new series of thiazolidine - 4 - one [XXVII]a - c and [XXVIII]a - c by many steps reaction as follows : Scheme(3).a. Synthesis of new Schiff [XXIII]a,b, [XXIV]a,b by condensation reaction of acid hydrazide [III]a,b with two types of aromatic aldehyde in absolute ethanol.b. Synthesis of another type from thiazolidine - 4 - one derivatives [XXV]a, b and [XXVI]a, b from the reaction of Schiff bases [XXIII]a,b, [XXIV] a,b with excess of thioglycolic acid in dry benzene. The alkoxy derivatives of compounds [XXVII] and [XXVIII]; 2 - (4 - N - alkoxyphenyl) - 3 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl)amido - 1,3 - thiazolidine - 4 - one[XXVII]a - c and 2 - (4 - N - alkoxyphenyl) - 3 - (1H - indol - 3 - yl) acetamido - 1,3 - thiazolidine - 4 - one [XXVIII]a - c were synthesized by the reaction of terminal OH group of compound[XXV]a or [XXVI]a with different n - alkyl bromide in alkaline media.4 - The fourth part involved synthesis and characterization of amide derivatives of 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXXI]a - d, [XXXII]a - d and [XXXIII]a - d by the following steps : Scheme(4)a. Preparation of 2 - amino - 5 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl) - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXIX] by cyclization reaction of 2 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indole - 3 - carbonyl) hydrazine carbo - thio amide [XV] in conc. H2SO4 under reflux followed by neutralized with liquid ammonia. While 2 - amino - 5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl)methyl] - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXX]aand 2 - amino - 5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl)propyl] - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXX]b synthesized by cyclization reaction under reflux of indole - 3 - acetic acid or indole - 3 - butric acid with thiosemicarbazide in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride.b. Synthesis of new amide derived from 2 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole [XXXI]a - d, [XXXII]a - d and [XXXIII]a - d from the reaction equimolar of suitable 2 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazoles[XXIX] and [XXX]a,b with different acid chlorides in DMF and pyridine as accepter.5. The fifth part involved synthesis and characterization of new hydrazones [XXXVII]a - d and [XXXVIII]a - d. These compounds were synthesized according to the follows steps : Scheme(5)a. Synthesis and characterization of 1 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indole - 3 - yl) carbonyl - 3 - methyl - pyrazol - 5(4H) - one[XXXIV] and 1 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl) ethanoyl or butanoyl] - 3 - methyl - pyrazol - 5(4H) - one [XXXV]a, b by heating under reflux a solution of equimolar from acid hydrazides[III]a - c with ethylacetoacetate in absolute ethanol.b. Synthesis and characterization of 1 - [4 - acetyl - (1H - indol - 3 - yl)ethanoyl or butanoyl] - 3 - methyl - pyrazol - 5 - one [XXXVI]a, b through reaction of pyrazolone derivatives[XXXV]a,b with acetyl chloride in 1,4 - dioxane in presence of calcium hydroxide.c. Synthesis and characterization of novel hydrazones [XXXVII]a - d and [XXXVIII]a - d by the reaction of 4 - acetyl - pyrazolone compounds[XXXVI]a, b with phenyl hydrazine or substituted phenyl hydrazine in ethanol.The synthesized compounds have been characterized by their melting points, elemental analysis (C.H.N) and by their spectral data, FTIR, 1HNMR and Mass spectroscopy (of some of theme).Study of the biological activity of some of the synthesized compounds against Gram - positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram - negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results showed that most of the tested

دراسة مركبات الاوزميوم العنقودية باستخدام كيمياء الكم == Quantum Chemical Studies of Osmium Clusters

Author name: احلام حسين حسن

Supervisor name: محسن عبود محسن العبادي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Organic Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة تحضير عدد من المشتقات الجديدة للدايهيدروبريميدينون والكوينزولينون وذلك من خلال عدة مسارات. المسار الاول تم تحضيرالمركبان (86,85) بعملية البنزلةbenzylation) ) والسلفنةsulfonation) ) لمشتق الالديهايد(4 - هيدروكسي بنزلديهايد) لانتاج الديه | The studies involves synthesis some new derivatives for the ( 3 , 4 dihydropyrimidin - 2(1H) - ones) by many schemes. The first Scheme involve synthesis compounds (85,86) by Benzylation and Sulfonation for aldahyde derived (4 - Hydroxybanzaldahyde) to give aldahydes larger and treatment in Biginelli reaction. The second Scheme includes preparation of derivatives(87 - 99) by Biginelli reaction for treatment different derivatives aldahydes with Ethylacetoacetate or Acetylacetone and Urea Catalyzed by Hydrochloric acid to give ( 3 , 4 dihydropyrimidin - 2(1H) - ones) The third Scheme includes preparation of Quinazolinone compounds (100 - 105) via reaction Cyclohxanone , Aldahyde derivativesand Urea Catalyzed by tributylborate in methanol as solvent. The last Scheme is treatment compound(90) is contan ketone group and a product via Biginelli reaction with primary amines such as p - toluidine and phenylhydrazine to give new Schiff base , also treatment compound(90) with diffrents aldehyde to give of pyrimidine compounds it is contan of Chalcones. As well as the thesis which us discussed the preparation and identification of newdihydro pyrimidine derivatives from throough spectra (I.R) , (1H - NMR) , (C13 - NMR) , (C.H.N) , specta (HSQC) , (COSY) and (HMBC). For some of these compounds, and these identification studies approved the correctness of the chemical structures for the prepared derivatives The study of biological activity of some of the synthesized compounds which were applied on bacteria of negative and positive gram formula showed that some of the studied compounds possess medium retardation activity against these bacteria.

تحضير دقائق مغناطيسيه متناهيه الصغر (نانو) ودراسة تقييدها لانزيم الزانثين اوكسيديز == Prepared of Magnetic Nanoparticles And Study The Immobilized For Xanthine Oxidase

Author name: مصطفى محمد كريم

Supervisor name: حسين كاظم الحكيم

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to report quantum chemical investigations into a series of problems related to contemporary organometallic chemistry. In recent years density functional approaches have become the most commonly used theoretical methodology in organometallic chemistry. Alongside these developments, a number of new tools for analyzing electronic structure such as topological analysis of electron density (Atoms in Molecules theory) have emerged. As a result, theory is now in a position to compute ab initio many of the experimental observables that underpin modern organometallic chemistry.The bonding in the Triosmium carbonyl cluster 1 [Os3(? - H)(? - ?2 - dpa - N,N)(CO)10] and Triosmium carbonyl cluster 2 [Os3( ? - H)2(NHC)(CO)9] are explored using the Quantum Theory of Atoms - in - Molecules (QTAIM). The metal - metal and metal - ligand bond critical points properties ?(r), ?2?(r), H(r), G(r), V(r) and ellipticity, and also the bond delocalization indices ?(A, B), are correlated with the data from previous studies of the organometallic systems. These results have allowed a comparison between topological properties of different atom - atom interactions. In the core of dihydride triosmium cluster 2, Os3H2 part, the topological data recognizes the existence of a bond path in the dihydride bridged Os atoms, Os(1) - Os(3) edges, whereas in monohydride triosmium cluster 1 there is no direct bond path has been found for the interaction between the hydride bridged Os atoms, although a non - negligible delocalization index ?(Os(1)...Os(2)) has been obtained for this non - bonding interaction. A multicenter 4c - 4e interaction is proposed to exist in the core part, Os3H, in cluster 1 and bridged part, Os(1) - H(1) - Os(3) - (H2) in cluster 2. In addition, an interaction of 5c - 5e type is proposed to exist in the core part, Os3H2. All topological parameters calculated for the Os - N and Os - C bonds between the osmium atoms and the pyridyl and NHC ligands in compound 1 and 2, respectively, are similar, and they confirm that these interactions are pure ? bond. The analysis of the topological parameters of the NHC and pyridyl ligands bonds confirm the existence of ? - electron delocalization within the six - membered ring of pyridyl ligand and hindered ? - electron delocalization within the five - membered ring of NHC ligand with some double - bond character in the interaction of the carbine C atom with the adjacent N atoms.

دراسة الخواص الميكانيكية لخلائط المطاط الطبيعي باستخدام انواع مختلفة من البوليمرات والمالئات == Study of Mechanical Properties For Natural Rubber Blends Using Different Types of Polymers And Fillers

Author name: قصي خزعل موجر

Supervisor name: محمد علي مطر

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: تم تحضير مركبات نانو مغناطيسية جديدة باستخدام الكوليستيرول والسلفادايزين مع اوكسيد الحديد المغناطيسي. حضرت هذه المركبات باستعمال طريقة الترسيب المشترك لاوكسيدي الحديد الثنائي والثلاثي ومن ثم ربطه بالحامض بطريقة فوق الاشباع. تم تشخيص المركبات المحضرة بالطر | Two new magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared using magnetic iron oxides with cholesterol and sulfadiazine. These compounds were prepared by iron oxide (II and III) co - precipitation, and then the prepared MNP were incubated with cholesterol and sulfadiazine. The synthesized compounds were identified using multiple techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, diffractive light scattering, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results demonstrated the formation of new magnetic nanoparticles, namely, MNP@Cholesterol and MNP@Sulfadiazine. The interaction between the prepared MNPs and xanthine oxidase (XO) was evaluated as a potential method for the inhibition of the enzymatic activity. The inhibition of XO is an important issue to reduce the formation of uric acid, which is responsible for gout and kidney stone formation. Another potential application is the extraction of the XO enzyme from biological fluids, such as blood, or the immobilization of XO on the surfaces of MNPs as a new application of these insoluble particles.The interaction studies involved the incubation of XO solution with the suspension of prepared MNPs using XO solutions with different concentration and fixed MNP mass. The adsorption studies of XO on MNPs showed that the prepared MNPS can extract suitable amounts of XO from a solution. Slight differences in the XO quantities adsorbed on different MNPs were found. Adsorption isotherms followed the Sips equation, indicating slight heterogeneity in the adsorption active forces on MNPs. Circular dichroism study of the XO adsorption on the prepared MNPs showed significant changes in the secondary structures, namely, reduction of the ? - helix structure. Furthermore, fluorospectrophotometric studies showed changes in the tertiary structure of the XO caused by the interaction with the active sites of the prepared MNPs. The study of the inhibition of XO activity by the prepared MNPs showed mixed inhibition as a result of the changes in the original XO enzyme after interaction with the surfaces. Magnetic Fe3O4 showed the highest inhibition activity, followed by MNP@Sulfadiazine and MNP@Choleterol - XO.

التحضير والتشخيص الطيفي ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية لليكاندي البنزاميدازوليل ازو غير متجانسي الحلقة الجديدين وبعض من معقداتهما الفلزية == Synthesis, Spectral Characterization And Biological Activity Study For New Heterocyclic Benzimidazolyl Azo Ligands And Their Metal Complexes

Author name: بان عدنان حاتم

Supervisor name: خالد جواد العادلي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: نتيجة للتقدم العلمي الحاصل في مجال صناعة البوليمرات ظهرت الحاجة الى مواد بوليميرية بمواصفات معينة لا يمكن الحصول عليها من نوع واحد من البوليمرات , لذا كانت هناك محاولات لمزج نوعين او اكثر من البوليمرات للحصول على مزيج بوليميري بمواصفات صناعية مرغوب فيها و| As a result of scientific progress made in the field of polymer industry emerged the need for materials polymers with certain features has emerged can not be obtained from one type of polymers, so there have been attempts to blend two or more polymers for combination Self - leveling industrial specifications undesirable and the formation of a physical blends has the common characteristics of basic materials, and this depends on the type of polymers and blending mode. This study included the preparation Ajanta blends of natural rubber with thermoplastics, as follows : 1. Prepare Ajnat of natural rubber by (100phr) has been reinforced and the usual filers used black carbon types (HAFN330, ISAFN220, SAFN110) and adopted ratios (60,50,40,30,20,10 phr), and the results show that the increase in the content of black carbon leads to an increase in the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, hardness) and a decrease in (elongation at break and compressibility), and that the best ratio add was when (50phr) of all kinds of black carbon the study found that the best values of the properties of the species used from black carbon at (50phr) of type (SAFN110).2. Prepare Ajnat of natural rubber by (100phr) has been reinforced and enhanced using filer Nano (black carbon Nano, titanium dioxide Nano) rates (6,5,4,3,2,1 phr) and found that the increase during the study nano filers content leads to an increase in the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, hardness) and a decrease in the elongation at break and compressibility add that the best ratio was (5phr) of all kinds nano filers used. .3. Prepare Ajnat blends of natural rubber with thermoplastics (PP, PE, PS, PVC) adopted the blending ratios (55 / 45,70 / 30,85 / 15 phr), and the study found that an increase in plastics content leads to an increase in the hardness and low in compressibility, has been shown that the best mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation, and hardness, and compressibility) was when the proportion of blending (85phr) of natural rubber with (phr 15) of (PP, PS, PVC) and the proportion of blending (70phr) of natural rubber with (30phr) of (PE).4. The results of chemical analysis tests showed that blends prepared characterized by good resistance to chemical solutions (acids and bases) and a decrease in the degree of intumescent greater thermoplastics content ratio of(15phr) to (45phr) Ajnat in combination.5. The results show that the natural rubber blends with polyethylene showed chemical properties and good resistance to chemical solutions best compared with the plastics used in the preparation Ajnat.6. Determine compatibility blends by using technology (DSC) for blends prepared.

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاندات ازو جديدة غير متجانسة الحلقة مشتقة من 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل اميدازول ومعقداتها مع بعض الايونات الفلزية == Synthesis And Characterization of New Heterocyclic Ligands Based On 4,5 - Diphenyl Imidazole And Their Complexes With Some of Metal Ions

Author name: اسراء نور كاظم وتوت

Supervisor name: حسين عبد محمد صالح

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: تضمن العمل تحضير ليكاندين جديدين من ليكاندات الازو العضويه غير المتجانسه المشتقة من البنزامبدازول الاول هو اليكاند 2'] - 2 - (بنزايميدازوليل) ازو [ - 6,4 - ثنائي كلورو فينول Benzimidazolyl) Azo] - 4,6 - dichloro phenol (BIADClP)) 2 - [2' - والليكاند الثا | This study deals with the preparation of two new ligands from the heterogeneous organic azo ligands drived from Benzimidazol.The first) 2 - [6 - Benzimidazolyl) Azo] - 2,4 - dichloro phenol (BIADClP). The second is 2 - [6 - (benzimidazolylazo)] - 2,4 - dibromo phenol(BIADBrP).The heterogeneous chain in both ligands includes two nitrogen atoms. These two ligands have been identification by the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H - NNMR) ,the mass spectrum, infrared, visibale ultraviolet as well as the analysis of the micro - elements (C.H.N).And two new series of the solid canine complexes for these ligands. The first series includes six solid complexes of the ligand (BIADClP) with the metallic ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II). The second series includes the preparation of six solid complexes of the ligand (BIADBrP) with the metallic ions mentioned above. The effect of the solvent and the complexes stsbility have been studied on the prepared ligands with the passage of time starting from the moment of the metallic ion solution reaction with the ligand solution and up to 170 minutes. Also, the stability constants for these complexes have been calculated spectrally by visbale - ultraviolet spectra.All results show that these complexes have high stability. The infrared spectra of the prepared complexes have been studied and when compared with the free ligand spedtra give obvious changes as these spectra show new bands not already found in the spectra of both ligands and this is due to the occurance of the correlation between the metallic ions under study with the donar atoms [the nitrogen atom azo group near the heterogeneous chain (N3) and nitrogen atom benzimidazole molecule (N3) , the oxygen atom of hydroxyl group in the heterogenous chain ] in the ligand molecule whereas the other band suffered from obvious changes in shape, intensity and location and this is a proof on the occurance of consistency process between the metallic ions under study and the tow ligands. Atomic absorption spectrometer is used for assigning percentages of the metallic ions in the prepared complexes as well as the analysis of micro - elements (C.H.N). These results indicate the great consistency between the percentages theoretically calculated and practically gained. The magnetic sensitivity indicated that Ni(II) - complex and Cu(II) - complex for both ligands have baramagnatic characteristics whereas the Co(III) - complex, Zn(II) - complex, Cd(II) - complex, Hg(II) complex have adia magnetic characteristics. Also , the study deals with the molar conductivity of the canine complexes dissolved in DMF nad ethanol in a concentration (1×10 - 3) molar and in lap temperature. The results show that the complexes of Ni(II) , Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) do not have ionic characteristics and they are solution of non - electrolytes nature whereas the complexes of Co(III) and for both prepared ligands (BIADClP) and (BIADBrP) have ionic characteristics of the electrolytes nature of type (1 : 1) whereas other remaining complexes do not have any ionic characteristics. Throughout the results that have been reached at, certain structural forms for the canine complexes have been suggested.It has been indicated that the azo Benzimidazol ligands under study behave as tridentate ligands where the consistency happens through the N atom benzimidazole chain (N3) and N azo group far from the heterogeneous chain (N3) oxygen hydroxyl group of the homogeneous chain which leads to forming canine hexagonal complexes having octahydral as steric form.The hybridization of these complexes is d2sp3 concerning Co(III) - complexes of the ligands (BIADClP) and (BIADBrP) whereas the other complexes have the hybridization sp3d2 with the tow prepared ligands under syudy. Moreover, the study deals with the biological activity of these ligands and metallic complexes in the growth of four types of bacterial spores (germs) by using the solvent DMSO and deployment technology as anti - bacterial such as Staphylococcus aureuse and Staph.lentus representative for Gram positive bacteria and enterobacte and Escherichia coli representative for Gram negative bacteria. It is found that ligands and there complexes have different effect as antidepressants in the inhibition and the growth of bacteria under study wheras the ligand (BIADClP) gave the ability in inhibition of the growth of bacteria more than the ligand (BIADBrO) this is due to the change of substituted group on the homogeneous chain and their different in both ligands which led to the emergence of such difference in the inhibition and growth of bacteria.

تخليق وتشخيص ودراسة الخصائص التفلورية والمضادة لفايروس نقص المناعة المكتسبة لبعض مشتقات البركنينولون الجديدة == Synthesis, Characterization, Fluorescence Properties, Anti - Hiv Activity And Molecular Modeling Study of Some New Pregenolone Derivatives

Author name: رواء علاوي كاظم القريشي

Supervisor name: نجم عبود لعيبي المسعودي | نبيل عبد عبد الرضا

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9.pdf

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: نظرا لما تتمتع به مركبات الازو من تطبيقات مهمة في كل من المجالين الاكاديمي والتطبيقي فقد تمحورت دراستنا على تحضير ستة ليكاندات ازو جديدة مشتقة من المركب 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل اميدازول ودراسة السلوك التناسقي لكل منها مع ستة ايونات فلزية هي Co(II) , Ni(II) , C | Azo compounds have important applications in both of academic and applied fields, Accordingly, our study based on the synthesis of azo compounds derived from 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole and characterization of these azo compounds with their metal complexese containing Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions. Mass Spectra of ligands and their complexes were supported their molecular formula, while H1NMR spectra of ligands agreed well with the suggested structures , The C.H.N. and Atomic absorption analysis showed a good agreement with the calculated values , The purity of ligands and their complexes were examined by TLC and the values of Rf were values measured.Electronic spectra of complexes showed a bathochromic shift comparing to ligands spectra as a result of the coordination between the metal ions and ligands. The concentrations that obeyed Beer - Lambert Law of the complexes were determined from calibration curves , Mole Ratio Method indicate a ratio (1 : 2) (Metal : ligand) for the complexes of (DPEPI) and (DPDED) while other complexes with other ligands show a ratio (1 : 1) (Metal : ligand).Satiability Constants of the complexes were calculated and found that the Stability constants of complexes of the first ligand (DPEPI) were ( 2.955×10 12) >(2.294× 1011 ) <(1.121×10 12 ) < (1.108 ×1011 ) varied in the arrangement as Co(II)< Ni(II) < Cu(II)> Zn(II) which agree with Irving - Williams Series. This arrangement was applied on the complexes of the other ligands. The Conductivity measurements of complexes showed non ionic character. Apparently the magnetic susceptibility values agree with their values of the octahedral high spin complexes for Co(II)) while the complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) were diamagnetic. IR Spectra of complexes showed obvious changes of the frequencies of ? (N=N) of azo group and ?(C=N) of heterocyclic imidazole ring as result of coordination with metal ions, While the frequencies of ?(C=N) of azomethine group did not show any significant change for complexes comparing to the ligands spectra ,New bands were appeared in the region (400 - 500) cm - 1 in the spectra of complexes that due to frequencies of ?(M - N) because of coordination process. From the previous results the purposed structures of the complexes can be summarized as shown in the following : Proposal structure of (DPEPI) Complexes Proposal structure of (DIDHP), (DIDMP),

دراسة حركية لتاثير بعض المركبات المخفضة للدهون الثيازينات والثياديازول على الكرياتين كاينيز و3 - هيدروكسي - 3 - مثيل كلوتاريل كو انزيم - اي ريدكتيز في امصال مرضى ارتفاع الدهون والفئران المختبرية التي تم حث ارتفاع الدهون فيها == Kinetic Study of The Effect of Some Novel Lipid Lowering Thiazines And Thiadiazole Compounds On Creatine Kinase And 3 - Hydroxy - 3 - Methyl - Glutaryl - Coa Reductase Activities In Sera of Hyperlipidemia Patient’s And Wister Mice With Induced Hyperlipide

Author name: تمارة احمد عبد الكريم العبيدي

Supervisor name: زينب منيب مالك الربيعي | غيد حسان عبد الهادي العبيدي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تمثل الستيرويدات فئة هامة من العقاقير الطبيعية وكذلك الصناعية نظرا لقدرتها على اختراق الخلايا واداء بعض الوظائف البيولوجية الاساسية وبشكل رئيسي هي عوامل مضادة للفيروسات ومضادات للاورام. وتقسم الرسالة الحالية على ثلاثة فصول.يمثل الفصل الاول مقدمة عامة حو | Steroids represent an important class of natural as well as synthetic drugs because of their ability to penetrate cells and perform some of the most fundamental biological functions mainly as antitumor and antiviral agents. The present thesis is devided into three chapters.The first chapter represented a general introduction concerning the structures of some potent steroids, and the pathways of the synthetic adrenal steroids as well as their pharmacological importance in medicine, in general. This part is focused mainly also on the pregnenolone as an important potentially active steroid, including its structural modification at the hydroxyl and keto groups at C - 3 and C - 20 and their uses as antitumor agents. Mitsunobu, Suzuki reactions and aldol condensation as well as chalcon formation and their application at steroids have been described. The second chapter is concerned with the experimental work which included different synthetic methodology.The third chapter is the main part of the thesis, described the synthesis of new 3? - pregnenolone ester derivatives at C - 3 via Misunobu reaction of the carboxylic acid derivatives, such as : rhodamin B, indomethacin, naproxen, protocatecuic acid, vanillic acid and p - coumaric acid, which showed inversion in configuration at the ester group at C - 3. In addition, the synthesis of 17 - (4 - chloro - chalconyl)pregnen - 3? - ol has been described, which then treated with various substituted phenylboronic acids such as : 2,4 - difluoro - , 5 - carboxy - 3 - nitrop - ,4 - fluoro, 4 - thiomethyl - , 4 - hydroxy - , 2,4, - dimethoxy - , 4 - trimethylsilyl, 2 - triflouromethyl - , 3 - cyano, 4 - ethoxyphenyl boronic acids under Suzuki cross - coupling reaction conditions using Pd(PPh3)4 as a catalyst and Na2CO3 as a base to give the (E) - 3 - (substituted - [1,1’ - biphenyl] - 4 - yl) - 1 - (3? - hydroxy - pregnen - 17 - yl) - prop - 2 - en - 1 - one. Two compounds, 17 - acetyl - 5 - pregnen - 3? - yl) - 2 - (2,6 - bis(diethylamino) - 9H - xanthen - 9 - yl)benzoate, and 17 - ((E) - 3 - (4 - chlorophenyl)acryloyl) - 5 - pregnen - 3? - yl) - 2 - (2,6 - bis(diethylamino) - 9H - xanthen - 9 - yl)benzoate have been synthesized via coupling reaction using DCC as a coupling reagent to afford these ester with retention in configuration, aiming to study their fluorescence properties. Moreover, tritylation of the pregnenolone has been described to protect the alcohol at C - 3 during the structural modification of keto group at C - 20 under basic medium. The structures of all the synthesized compounds have been assigned from their 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY) spectroscopy as well the as theoretical calculations of the HOMO and LUMO energies of the trans and cis isomers of the chalconyl pregnenolone aryl derivatives to compare them with the NMR data, which showed that trans isomer is energetically more favoured.Furthermore, the flourescence proroperties of the two rhodainyl pregnenolone esters have been studies which one show remarkable quantum yield (?F) in comparison to Rhodamin B itself.The anti - HIV activity of some arylated chalconyl pregnenolone derivatives have been studies and one of these analogues having diflouro substituents exhibited remarkable activity against HIV - 1 and 2. Therefore, the molecular modeling study of this analogue is performed and showed two hydrophobic interactions and one hydrogen bonding with the amino acids residues of the reverse transcriptase enzyme of HIV.

تحسين حماية التاكل للمعادن (الخارصين، النحاس، الالمنيوم، الحديد الكربوني والحديد المقاوم للصدا 316) في ماء البحر الصناعي باستخدام الطلاء بالمواد النانوية == Corrosion Protection Enhancement Of; Zn, Cu, Al, Carbon Steel And Stainless Steel 316 In Artificial Seawater By Coating With Nanomaterials

Author name: رائد عبد شاكر محمود

Supervisor name: عبد الكريم محمد علي جبر السامرائي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: الهدف من هده الدراسة هو تقدير تاثير بعض مشتقات الثياديازول والثيازين الجديدة التحضير على فعالية كل من الانزيمين الكرياتين كاينيز و3 - هيدروكسي - 3 - مثيل كلوتاريل كو - انزيم اي ريدكتيز بالاضافة الى قياس صورة الدهون في مرضى ارتفاع الدهون والفئران المختبرية | The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of some novel prepared derivatives of thiadiazole and thiazine on the activities of creatine kinase (CK) and 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl CoA reductase(HMGR) in addition to lipid profile in sera of hyperlipidemic patients and in mice induced hyperlipidemia by feeding cholesterol rich diet.The study includes two parts; in vitro study : Sixty individuals with age ranged between (40 - 60) years were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups; first group (G1) consists of 30 healthy individuals as a control group with body mass index (BMI) (25.67). The second group (G2)consists of 30 patients with hyperlipidemia and BMI (26.48) which diagnosed by physician. The patients attended the Ibn - Al Naphes hospital during November 2013 to February 2014. Patients with high blood viscosity, diabetes mellitus, renal failure as well as those who are under treatment with statins were excluded. The serum which obtained used in the determination of lipid profile[total cholesterol(Tch),triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL - c), very low density lipoprotein(VLDL - c)], fasting blood glucose(FBG), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase(ALT) and C - reactive protein(CRP).Four organic compounds 3 - (4 - (dimethylamino) phenyl) - 2,3 - dihydro - 2 - (3 - nitrophenyl benzo[1,3 - e]thiazin - 4 - one[I], 5 - (4 - imethylamino)benzylideneamino) - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2 - thiol[II], 2 - (4 - dimethylamino)phenyl) - 2,3 - dihydro - 3 - (5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)benzo[1,3 - e]thiazin - 4 - one[III], and N - (4 - (dimethyl amino)benzylidene) - 5 - (isopropylthio) - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2 - amine[IV] were used in this study to test their antihyperlipidaemic ability and their effect on CK and HMGR activities. The results revealed that compounds(III and IV)showed an activation effect in all concentrations on CK and HMGR activities, while compounds(I and II) showed an inhibitory effect in some concentrations for CK and in all concentrations for HMGR. Therefore, compounds (III and IV) were excluded from this study. The results showed that (10 - 4M) for compound I and (10 - 5M) for compounds II give the best inhibition percentage among the other concentrations on CK and HMGR activities which the kinetic study throughout with these concentrations for these compounds. Simvastatin, which considered as standard drug for lipid lowering, was used for comparsion with the potency of compounds I and II on HMGR activity in treatment of hyperlipidaemia. The results showed an inhibitory effect of simvastatin on HMGR activity with percentage inhibition 88%. The effect of compounds (I and II) on ALT and AST were examined in (10 - 4 M) for compound I and (10 - 5M) for compound II in vitro study. The results showed the inhibitory effect of compounds I in concentration (10 - 4 M) and compound II in concentration (10 - 5M) on ALT and AST activities.The Vmax, Km and type of inhibition for compounds I and II on CK and HMGR activities were studied by using Lineweaver - Burk plot. The results showed that also compound I at 10 - 4M was considered to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for CK activity with Vmax values (1000 and 344.82)U/L for uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively and Km value (10) mmol/L. The results also showed that compound II at concentration 10 - 5M was considered to be a competitive inhibitor for CK activity with Vmax value (588.23)U/L and Km values (5.51 and 4)mmol/L for the uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively.In vitro, the effect of compound (I) with concentration (10 - 4M) and compound (II) with concentration (10 - 5M) were examined in vivo study. The study was carried out with sixty male Wister mice aged seven to eight weeks and theirweight were (180 - 200 g) ,obtained from animal house , in College of Medicine, Baghdad University. The mice were grouped as follow : group one (12 mice) as control group, group(2) : consists of 48 mice in which the mice were daily administered cholesterol (25mg/k/day), in coconut oil 6% and creamy cheese for 28 days. Lipid profile were measured for twelve mice chosen randomly from G2 to diagnosis hyperlipidemia. Then group2 is subdivided into three groups as follows : group (2.A) : (12 mice) as positive control group in which the mice were daily administered simvastatin (40mg /day) as standard drug for hyperlipidemia, group 2B : (12 mice) in which the mice were daily treated with (10 - 4)M of compound (I)via drinking water for 20 days and Group(2.C) : (12 mice) in which the mice were daily treated with (10 - 5)M of compound II for 20 days. The results showed significant elevation in levels of Tch, TG, LDL - c and VLDL - c, while there is significant reduction in HDL - c levels in G2 comparing to control group(G1), after administration of fat rich diet. Simvastatin, compound I with concentration (10 - 4M) and compound II with concentration (10 - 5M) were administrated to G2A, G2B and G2C respectively. Also, the results showed that the activities of CK reduced for group G2B and G2C while it is increased for G2A. The results also showed that the activities of HMGR were reduced in the three treated groups. The results revealed that compounds I and II exhibit more potent antihyperlipidaemic effect than simvastatin. Also, compound I showed more potent antihyperlipidaemic effect than compound II.The results revealed that compounds I and II showed a noncompetitive inhibitor effect on CK with Vmax values(1000and 166.6) U/L for uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively and Km value (0.6) mmol/L for compound I, and with Vmax vales (1000 and 250)U/L for uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively and Km value (0.84) mmol/L for compound II.In conclusion, the novel synthetic compounds (I and II) seem to be of interest in the development of new antihyperlipidaemic agents that exhibit inhibition effect on CK while statins cause increase in this enzyme. Also these compounds exhibit inhibition effect on HMGR activity more than simvastatin, which is a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.

تحضير مركبات عضوية جديدة ذات صفات بلورية سائلة == Preparing of New Organic Compounds With Liquid Crystalline Properties

Author name: محمود عبد الستار يحيى القزاز

Supervisor name: ابتسام خليفة جاسم

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Physical Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يهدف هذا العمل لدراسة امكانية طلاء سطوح بعض المعادن مثل الفولاذ المقاوم للصدا 316، الحديد الكربوني، النحاس، الالمنيوم والزنك، بالمواد النانوية لتحسين مقاومة التاكل وذلك باستخدام اثنين من التقنيات، الاولى بواسطة الطلاء بالالياف النانوية لمادة متعدد الانيلي | This work aims to study the possibility of coating the surfaces of some metals such as stainless steel 316, carbon steel, copper, aluminum, zinc, with nanomaterials to improve the corrosion resistance using two techniques, first by coating with polyaniline nanofiber using electropolymerization of aniline monomer and the second technique by TiO2 nanoparticles via sol - gel process starting from titanium isopropoxide. The work focused on getting thin and homogeneous layer to cover the entire surface of the metal and protect it from corrosion in artificial seawater solution (3.5% NaCl) at 293, 303, 313, and 323 K.Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x - ray (EDX), x - ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS), and x - ray diffraction (XRD) were used to diagnose and describe the structure and morphology of the layers that cover the surface of the metals under investigation, and finally the corrosion parameters ;corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current (Icorr), protection efficiency (PE%), polarization resistance (Rp) and the effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency in the absence and presence of polyaniline (PANI) or TiO2 coating at temperature ranging from 293 to 323 K were obtained and expressed as; Ea , ?H*, ?S*, and ?G* of all samples were estimated from Tafel plots using potentiostatic technique.The SEM and AFM images of PANI films reflect nanofibers (diameter from 50 to 70 nm); the thicknesses were measured by special AFM scans. They showed values between )700 to 1564 nm(, which may be attributed to the differences in oxidation - reduction potentials of the metals. The XRD patterns of the deposited PANI showed duplicate broad scattering peaks around 2? of 20? and 25?.The AFM images of TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on specimens revealed that the layer was extremely smooth, the particles are small spherical and the average diameter between 26 and 38 nm.The shifts in Ecorr of the uncoated with comparison of the PANI or TiO2 coated samples were small for; S.S316, C.S, Cu, Al, and Zn which means that the anodic and cathodic reactions affected by the same extent.The Rp of the PANI and TiO2 coated substrate was always more than the uncoated ones that attributed to the weak conductivity of PANI and the semiconducting properties of the Titania. All coated metals with PANI or TiO2 exhibited good degree of corrosion protectiveness. For PANI the PE ranged between 56 and 92 % and the best results was achieved for Zn metal this may attributed to the high corrosion values of the bared Zn, while TiO2 coating showed PE at the range of 68 and 93% and the best was for Al metal. The protection efficiencies showed small changes by increasing the temperature but for TiO2 in some cases the PE somehow increased with increasing the temperature. The data showed that the thermodynamic activation functions (Ea and ?H*) of the corrosion of the coated samples are higher than those of the uncoated ones indicating more energy barrier. The entropy of activation ?S* for the uncoated and coated samples are always negative ,this indicates that the activated complex in the rate determining step represents an association rather than a dissociation step, the measured ?G* values takes positive values and showed almost small change with increasing temperature, indicating that the activated complex was not stable and the probability of its formation decreased somehow with rise in temperature and the ?G* values for coated samples reveal that in the activated corrosion complex becomes less stable as compared to the uncoated specimens.Single cyclic potentiostatic tests conducted at 293 K to follow up the pitting probabilities of each metal in seawater before and after coating. The I - V plots indicated that only SS316 and Aluminium specimens suffer from pitting corrosion and the two types of coating reduces the pitting area of the hysterias loop with pushing the pitting potentials for more positive values

تحضير ,تشخيص, دراسة فعالية مضادة للاكسدة ومضادة للسرطان لمعقدات الذهب (III) مع مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة == Synthesis ,Characterization ,Antioxidant And Anti - Cancer Activity Studies of Gold (III) Complexes With Heterocyclic Compounds

Author name: اية جمال عبد الحميد

Supervisor name: فراس عبد الله حسن

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Doctorate

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تضمن موضوع البحث تحضير مركبات حلقيه خماسية وسباعية غير متجانسة متنوعة،من خلال اربعة اجزاء هي : الجزء الاول : - تضمن هذا الجزء تحضير مركبات مشتقات 1, 3, 4 - اوكسادايزول من مركب (ثنائي اثيل مالونيت)، كما موضح بالمخطط (1).الجزء الثاني : - تضمن هذا الجزء تحض | This work involves synthesis of different five, and seven membered heterocyclic rings, and divided into four different parts and the reaction steps for each part are summarized as shown below.First part : This part involved the synthesis of 1,3,4 - Oxadiazoles derived from diethyl malonate.Scheme (1).Second part : This part involved the synthesis of Oxazepine , tetrazoles, and thiazolidinone,from 4,4' - ((((methylenebis(1,3,4 - oxadiazole - 5,2 - diyl))bis(3,1 - phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(N,N - dimethylaniline).(Scheme 2).Third part : This part involved the synthesis of 1,1' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(N - substitutedmethanimine) [C1 - 9] from terephthalaldehyde. (Scheme 3). Fourth part : This part involved the synthesis of 1,3,4 - Oxadiazoles derived from terephthalaldehyde and hydrazone carboxamide.In addition, this part deals with the evaluation of antibacterial activities of some of the synthesized compounds. These activities were determined in vitro using disc diffusion method against four pathogenic strains of bacteria (E.coli a, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus.), the results revealed that some of these compounds showed measurable activity. (Scheme 4).The liquid crystalline behaviors of the two series have been examined by means of hot - stage polarizing microscopy for the determination of phase transition temperatures and the type of mesophases. The prepared compounds are characterized through determining their melting points, colors physical properties) and (FT - IR, 1H - NMR,) spectroscopy, (C.H.N.S, DSC) analysis and checked by T.L.C.

دراسة البلمرة الكهروكيمياوية وخواص حماية التاكل لطلاء متعدد البايرول على الفولاذ الكاربوني والفولاذ المقاوم للصدا == An Investigation of Electropolymerization And Corrosion Protection Properties of Polypyrrole Coating On Carbon Steel And Stainless Steel

Author name: رواء عباس محمد

Supervisor name: عبد الكريم محمد علي جبر السامرائي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تم تحضير سلسلة من مشتقات 1, 2, 4 - ترايزول بواسطة تفاعلات الغلق ,حضر حامض البنزويك هيدرازايد (1) بواسطة تفاعل مثيل بنزويت مع الهيدرازين ثم تفاعل المركب (1) مع CS2 في محلول كحولي قاعدي ليعطي ملح البوتاسيوم (2). حضر المركب (3) بواسطة غلق ملح البوتاسيوم (2)م | A series of 1,2,4 - triazole derivatives were synthesized by cyclization reaction, the benzoic acid hydrazide (1) was synthesized by reaction of methyl benzoate with hydrazine hydrate then compound (1) was reacted with CS2 in solution of alkali ethanol to give potassium dithiocarbazinate salt (2) , the basic nucleus 4 - amino - 5 - phenyl - 1 - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol (3) was prepared by cyclization of potassium salt (2) with hydrazine hydrate using water as solvent under reflux condition. compound (3) was subjected to addition reaction with different aromatic aldehydes to synthesize Schiff bases (4a,b) which were cyclized by treating with thioglycolic acid to prepare compounds (5a,b).compounds (6) and (7) obtained by cyclization reaction of compound (3) with urea and thiourea. Also in this research, 1,3,4 - thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized by cyclization of thiosemicarbazied with substituted carboxylic acid and sulphuric acid, to yield 2 - amino - 5 - R - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (8). Schiff bases formation (9a,b) were by reflux of aromatic aldehyde with 2 - amino - 5 - R - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (8) in the presence of absolute ethanol. Compounds (10a,b) were prepared by cyclization reaction of compounds (9a,b) with thioglycolic acid.The Synthesized compound were confirmed by their melting point ,FTIR ,U.V - visible ,1HNMR spectra and evaluated for their antioxidant activity by using stable free radical 1,1 - diphenyl - 2 - picryl - hydrazyl DPPH. of all tested compounds. compound (5b) was the most active in all concentrations compared to standard Ascorbic acid with an IC50 value 5.84 ?g/ml. In this study, the cytotoxic effects for compounds (5a),(5b),(6),(7),(10a),(10b) were studied in one cultured cellular models (MCF7 cell line) breast cancer (at different concentration) compared to doxorubicin as positive control by cell viability assay (MMT assay), compound (5b) showed the highest cytotoxicity effect with an IC50 value =56.98?g/ml.Also, we examine the cytotoxic effects of gold III complex (AuL2) of bi - dentate ligand (5a) in one cultured cellular models (MCF7 cell line) by High Content Screening and analysis (HCS). The inhibitory effect of AuL2 on breast cancer cell growth was due to induction of apoptosis as evidenced by Annexin V staining and cell shrinkage. We found that AuL2 - mediated lead to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell membrane permeability, and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. suggesting (AuL2 ) as a potential MCF7 inhibitor. Thus, we suggest that (AuL2) may have therapeutic value in breast cancer treatment worthy of further development. Bis(2 - (4 - Dimethylamino - phenyl) - 3 - (3 - mercapto - 5 - phenyl - [1,2,4]triazol - 4 - yl) - thiazolidin - 4 - one)gold(III) chloride. monohydrate

تحضير وتشخيص المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة الجديدة والمشتقة من الجالكونات == Synthesis And Characterization of New Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From Chalcones

Author name: نبراس مظفر جميل

Supervisor name: جمبد هرمز توما | ضحى فاروق حسين

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Physical Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يتقصى البحث امكانية الحصول على طبقة طلاء رقيقة ومتجانسة لبوليمر البايرول على بعض السبائك مثل الفولاذ المقاوم للصدا 316 والفولاذ الكربوني بواسطة البلمرة الكهروكيميائية لمونمر البايرول ودراسة امكانية تحسين مقاومة التاكل في مختلف الاوساط البيئية مثل المياه ا | This research focuses on getting thin and homogeneous polypyrrole (PPy) layer on carbon steel (45) and stainless steel (316) alloys by electropolymeriztion procedure of pyrrole monomer, and study the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance in different medias; saline water (3.5% NaCl), acidic media (1M H2SO4) and basic media (1M NaOH) at different temperature of 293, 303, 313 and 323 K. The deposited PPy layer on samples under investigation were examined by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Visible and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV - Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT - IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X - Ray Diffraction (XRD).The corrosion parameters are including corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current (icorr), protection efficiency (%PE), polarization resistance (Rp) and the effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency in the absence and in the presence of PPy coating at temperature ranging from 293 to 323K were obtained and expressed as; Ea, ?H*, ?S*, and ?G* of all samples were estimated from Tafel plots using potentiostatic technique.The SEM and AFM images of PPy films revealed a nanofiber like structure; diameter from 20 to 120 nm, the thicknesses were measured by gravimetric and special AFM scans, they showed values between 1300 to 1450 nm. UV - Vis studies showed that the PPy films exhibit weaker absorption peak at 477 nm and stronger absorption peak at 906 nm and the XRD patterns of the deposited PPy show two peaks around 2? of (43o) and (50o).The shift in Ecorr of the uncoated and of the PPy coated samples are between ( - 600 to - 200 mV) and ( - 200 to 100mV) for CS and SS316 respectively.The protection effectiveness of all PPy coated specimens showed remarkable degree of enhancement, and the %PE ranged between (30 to 80%) for CS and (78 to 96%) for SS316 in all medias.The values of Ea and ?H* of the coated PPy metals are always higher than the uncoated ones which indicate more energy barrier. The negative entropy ?S* for the uncoated and coated samples indicates that the activated complex in the rate determining step represents an association rather than a dissociation step, the measured ?G* values takes positive values and showed almost small change with increasing temperature, indicating that the activated complex was not stable and the probability of its formation decreased somehow with rise in temperature and the ?G* values for coated samples reveal that in the activated corrosion complex becomes less stable as compared to the uncoated specimens.Single cyclic potentiodynamic tests conducted at 293 K to follow up the pitting probabilities of each alloy in all medias before and after coating, the I - V plots indicated that only SS316 in salty media specimens suffer from pitting corrosion and the PPy coating reduces the pitting area of the hysterias loop with pushing the pitting potentials for more positive values

التقديرات الطيفية للمركبات الاحادية والمتعددة للادوية == Spectrophotometric Determination For Single And Multi Components of Drugs

Author name: مروه صباح يونس

Supervisor name: خالدة حميد محمد السعيدي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يتضمن هذا البحث تحضير مشتقات جديدة لنوعين من قواعد شف هما نوع وكذلك [XI]a - d والبايارازولون [X]a - d ومشتقات البايارازول، [XIII]a - d و[XII]a - d ونوع جميعها تحتوي على وحدةالايزوكزولين او البيرمدين باستعمال الجالكون [VII]a - d الكوينولين - مادة اساسية. | The work involves synthesis of new two types from Schiff bases ([IV]a - f , [V]a - f and [XII]a - d, [XIII]a - d), pyrazoles[X]a - d, pyrazolones[XI]a - d and quinolones [VII]a - d derivatives containing isoxazoline or pyrimidine unit starting with chalcones. 4 - Bromoacetophenone was reacted with 4 - hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4 - hydroxyacetophenone was reacted with 4 - bromobenzaldehyde and 3 - Aminoacetophenone was reacted with 4 - bromobenzaldehyde or 4 - N,N - dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde in basic medium to give four chalcone compounds by Claisen - Schemidt reaction. The chalcons [I]a - d was reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form isoxazolines [II]a - d, while, the chalcones type [I]c,d was reacted with thiourea to give pyrimidine - 2 - thiones [III]a,b in basic medium. The pyrimidine - 2 - thiones [III]a,b and isoxazolines [II]c,d reacted with 4 - or 3 - substituted benzaldehyde and coumarin to form Schiff bases[IV]a - f [V]a - f and quinoline derivatives[VII]a - d, respectively. On the other hand, compounds[II]a,b or [V]b,f were reacted with ethylchloroacetate in basic medium to get new ester compounds[VIII]a - d.The condensation of new ester[VIII]a - dwith hydrazine hydrate led to produce new acid hydrazide [IX]a - d. The later compound refluxed with 4 - substituted benzaldehyde in ethanol to give Schiff bases( [XII]a - d and [XIII]a - d) ,while the reaction of these acid hydrazides [IX]a - d with acetyl acetone and ethyl aceto acetate led to form pyrazoles[X]a - d and pyrazolones[XI]a - d,respectively. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting points, C.H.N. analysis, FTIR, Mass and 1HNMR spectroscopy(of some of them). Some of the synthesized compounds have been screened for their antibacterial activities using two types of bacteria; E. Coli and Staph. Aureus. All the examined compounds did not show any biological activity towards E. Coli but some of them show activity towards Staph. Aureus.This work can be summarized by the following schemes :

تقدير التعكرية لفصائل منتخبة باستخدام التشعيع بمصفوفة من ثنائي وصلة باعث وبمتحسسات شمسية بتقنية الحقن الجرياني المستمر : دراسة وتطبيق == Turbidimetric Determination of Some Selected Species Via The Use of Linear Array Light Emitting Diode Irradiation With Solar Cell In Continuous Flow Injection Analysis : Study And Application

Author name: محمد كاظم حمود

Supervisor name: عصام محمد علي شاكر الهاشمي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: في هذا البحث تم تقدير المركبات(SMX,TMP,CAF,HYO and PAR) باستخدام المشتقات الطيفية (الاولى , الثانية ,الثالثة والرابعة). على شكل امزجة ثنائية للادوية بواسطة تطبيق التقاطع الصفري كما يلي : 1 - مزيج السلفاميثاكسازول والترايميثوبريم باستخدام المشتقة الاولى و| This research includes determination of drugs SMX, TMP, CAF, HYO and PAR using derivative spectrophotometry (first, second, third and fourth derivative) were developed for binary mixture by applying zero - crossing technique for pure synthetic mixture and their pharmaceutical formulation as follows : 1. SMX with TMP mixture : SMX was determined by applying 1D&4D teach s at 288.0 and 257.8 nm (zero crossing point of TMP) with linear concentration ranges (2 - 30) and (2 - 25) mg/L , r = 0.9996 and r = 0.9992 LOD = 0.750 and LOD = 0.360 mg/L and TMP was determined by applying 4D teach at 251.5 nm (zero crossing point of SMX) with concentration range (2 - 30) mg/L , r = 0.9995 and LOD = 0.382mg/L. The RSD were 0.255, 0.280 and 1.136 for SMX and TMP respectively and applied for (TRIMOL - 400SMX, 80TMP mg) and (METHOPRIM - 400SMX,80TMP mg).2. PAR with CAF mixture : PAR was determined by applying 3D teach at 275.8 nm (zero crossing point of CAF).With linear concentration range (2 - 35) mg/L , r = 0.9987and LOD=0.445mg/L. And CAF was determined by applying 4D teach at 294.7 nm (zero crossing point of PAR). With linear concentration range (2 - 35) mg/L , r = 0.9995 and LOD = 0.162 mg/L. The RSD was 0.222 for PAR and 0.130 for CAF and applied for (PANADOL EXTRA - 500PAR, 65CAF mg).3. PAR with HYO mixture : PAR was determined by applying 1D&2D teach s at 297.4 and 303.5 nm (zero crossing point of HYO) with linear concentration ranges (2 - 30) and (2 - 30) mg/L , r = 0.9998 and r = 0.9987 LOD = 0.081 and LOD = 0.250 mg/L and HYO was determined by applying 1D teach at 215.9 nm (zero crossing point of PAR) with concentration range (2 - 25) mg/L , r = 0.9997 and LOD = 0.091mg/L. The RSD were 0.107, 0.400 and 0.342 for PAR and HYO respectively and applied for (SPAZMOTEK PLUS - 500PAR,10HYO mg). This thesis has mainly been structured in three different chapters, each one containing the following information : Chapter one provides a short historical review with the analytical performance characteristics of UV - visible are described. The applications of UV and DS in pharmaceutical and SMX, TMP, CAF, HYO and PAR analyses and their mixture.the general and specific objectives of thesis are reported. Chapter two corresponds to the experimental part. Reagents, instruments, procedures and detail protocols for the preparation of standard solution and pharmaceutical sample which used in this study are reported.Chapter three contains the experimental results and discussion that lead to the possibility of successful applications which used DS to determine the concentration of each material in drugs.

Author name: زينب جاسم خضير الربيعي

Supervisor name: سامي وحيد راضي الحسناوي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص معقدات بعض العناصر الانتقالية مع ليكاندات نتروجينية ودراسة فعاليتها الحيوية == Preparation And Identification Complexes of Some Transition Metales With Nitrogeneus Ligands And Study Its Biological Activity

Author name: علي ابراهيم علي بكر الجبوري

Supervisor name: نهلة عبد الحميد عبد الجبار

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: تضمن البحث تحضير كاشفين جديدين هما الكاشف 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid ويرمز له (DPIDBSA) والكاشـــف2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole ويرمز له (MBDPI) وذلــــك من مفاعلة ملـح الديازونيـوم ل | This thesis included the preparation of the two new reagents 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid (DPIDBSA) and 2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole (MBDPI) by reacting adiazonium salt solution of (3 - aminobenzene sulfonic acid) and (3 - methoxyaniline) with (4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) in alkaline ethanoic Solution.The identity of these reagents have been characterized by spectral methods such as(UV - Vis) , FTIR , another physical properties (m.p.) and elemental analysis.The ionization constant of the reagent (DPIDBSA) was determine using spectroscopic method , the pKa was equal to 9.9.Six chelating complexes of the above reagents were synthesized with metal ions) Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+). The two wavelength of maximum absorption for the two reagents were found (422nm) and (416nm) respectively in ethanol and for the complexes formed between these ions with these reagents were found at (476, 492, 504nm) and (455, 458, 496nm) for cobalt(II) , nickel(II) and copper(II) respectively in aqueous medium.It has been prepared after fixing the optimum condition of concentration and acidity function, through the study of UV - Vis spectrum for reacting of metal solution and two reagents solution. For wide range of pH (5 - 11) and concentration which obey to Beer - Lambert Law.The structures were determine according to the mole ratio method and continuous variation method which is obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions. The ratios of (metal : reagent) are equal to (1 : 2) for all the complexes ions.The stability of complexes in the solutions was also studied at the optimum conditions.Diagnosis the solid prepared complexes by UV - Vis spectrum in ethanol solution showed high chromic shift from as compared with free reagents in visible region to all the complexes prepared.Micro elemental analysis for all the complexes were prepared and the percentage of Co(II) and Cu(II) were determined , using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was noticed a great accord between theoretical and particle ratio.The infrared spectrum of chelating complexes also studied and it's compared with the two reagents spectrum. They give notice change with free two reagents spectrum. These showed new bands that were not found original in two reagents spectra but other bands have been changed in shape, in trinity and location. This may indicate that a coordination between the metal ions and the two reagents prepared.The Conductivity measurements for solutions at (1×10 - 3M) in ethanol solution have shown non - ionic character for all chelate complexes.From the above observations, it's suggested stereo shapes for complexes, that show the two reagents (DPIDBSA) and (MBDPI) behave as bidentit reagent, we can conclude that the proposed geometrical structure of all chelate complexes are octahedral.The study also included using spectrum method for determination stability constant of complexes in the thermal rang (25 - 45C?) for complexes with reagent (DPIDBSA) while the thermal rang was (10 - 30 C?) for complexes with reagent (MBDPI), and calculating ?G , ?H and ?S for complexes.The bacterial activity of the ligand and it's complexes were studied toward two type of bacteria : 1 - Pseudomonas. aurginosa 2 - StaphylloCoccus. aureusThe complex of Ni(II) with reagent (DPIDBSA) and the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with reagent (MBDPI) and metal ions solution showed high bacterial activity on Pseudomonas. aurginosa while the solution of two reagents and all chelate complexes prepared also the aqueous solution of metal ions don't showed any activity toward the two type of bacteria (StaphylloCoccus. aureus) (G+ve).

Author name: نادية باقر حسين

Supervisor name: حسن عباس حبيب

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

تقدير بعض الملوثات العضوية وازالتها من محاليلها المائية باستخدام اطيان عراقية واطيان عراقية محورة وتطبيق برنامج شبه تجريبي لدراسة الامتزاز نظريا == Determination And Removal of Some Organic Pollutants From Aqueous Solution By Using Iraqi Clays, Modified Clays And Applied Semi - Empirical Program To Theoretical Adsorption Study

Author name: اقبال سلمان محمد

Supervisor name: سعدية احمد ظاهر | خلود عبد صالح

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تم في هذه الدراسة تحضير معقدات مخلبية للموليبدنيوم (V) مع ليكاندات ثنائي الالكيل ثنائي ثايوكاربامات وتشخيصها طيفيا" باستخدام مطيافية الاشعة المرئية والفوق البنفسجية ومطيافية الاشعة تحت الحمراء, وهذه المعقدات هي : 1 - فنيل هايدرازايدو - ثلاثي (ثنائي مثيل ث | This study included Preparation of chelate molybdenum(V) complexes with diethyldithiocarbat ligands and characterized them by (UV - Visible) and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.These complexes are : 1 - Phenyl hydrazido - tris - dimethyldithiocarbato molybdenum(V) [Mo(N2ph)(S2CNMe2)3].2 - Phenyl hydrazido - tris - diethyldithiocarbato molybdenum(V) [Mo(N2ph)(S2CNEt2)3].3 - (2,4 - dinitro - Phenyl hydrazido) - tris (diMethyldithiocarbamato molybdenum(V). [ Mo( N2ph - (NO2 )2) (S2CNMe2)3 ]. 4 - (2,4 - dinitro - Phenyl hydrazido) - tris (diethyldithiocarbamato molybdenum(V). [ Mo( N2ph - (NO2 )2) (S2CNEt2)3 ].The study of the kinetics of chemical decomposition for these chelates complexes by using irradiation of these complexes solution, by using a mono wave light (? = 365nm) and temperature (25?C) for (60 min) in ethanol solvent. The result for all complexes were that the order of photochemical decomposition was first order reaction. As well as the rate constants of photo decomposition reactions (kd) were calculated by observed a spectral changes during irradiation process. To know the best conditions for decomposition of these complexes, it is necessary to study the effect of several factors on photo chemical behavior for complexes which included : Effect of concentration of complexes, where five concentrations of complexes have been studied and found that the highest decomposition rate have observed at lowest concentration (2.5x10 - 5M). In addition, study the impact of change in intensity of light on decomposition rate. The result was when the light intensity increase, rate of complexes decomposition also increased. Also study a decomposition of complexs at temperature range (25 - 40?C). The result was when increasing temperature, the rate of complexs decomposition was increas, also the values of activated energy of all complexes where calculated and the results where show in the table : Activated Energy (kj / mole) Complex24.808 B122.971 C120.209 B217.778 C2 Also study effect of pH value at ranging (3 - 11) and found that the rate of the complexes decomposition increased when pH of solutions decreases. The effect of four alcoholic solvent were studied such as (methanol, ethanol, 1 - butanol and isopropanol), and found that the highest decomposition rate of these complexes achieved in Methanol, while the lowest decomposition rate of these complexes achieved in Isopropanol. In addition study the effect of each of nitrogen gas, oxygen gas and the atmospheric air on the rate of complexes decomposition and compile the results with recorded results in normal conditions, the highest decomposition rate observed in presence of oxygen gas and the lowest decomposition in presence of nitrogen gas. The mechanism of photo chemical decomposition of these complexes has been interpreted by spectrophotometric technique, were the conclusion that have been obtained that there is (redox - reaction) happening in these complexes and the output of processes of homo cleavage of bond (M - L) that leading to reduction of metal ions and oxygenation of ligand and formation free radicals.

هرمون الانتي مولرين كدالة لمتلازمة تكيس المبايض في امصال النساء العراقيات == Serum Anti - Mullerian Hormone As A Marker of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome In Iraqi Women

Author name: شهد فوزي عبيد عبد الواحد الخفاجي

Supervisor name: بشرى فارس حسن | غريد خليل محمد علي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يتضمن البحث تنقية المحاليل المائية المخففة من الملوثات العضوية صبغة الرودامين وصبغة الكونغو الاحمر بطريقتين الطريقة الاولى كانت امتزاز هذه الصبغات على سطح البتونايت ضمن Al2O3، ZnO،TiO 005 ( جزء بالمليون استعلمت المركبات الثانوية 2 - مدى من التراكيز ) 05 ) | The present work deals with the purification of diluted aqueous solutions from organic pollutants Rhodamine B (RhB) and Congo red (CR) dyes with two methods. The first one was adsorption these dyes on bentonite in range (50 - 250)mgl - 1, Nanocompounds,TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3 and quaternary ammonium salts Hexadecyl tri methyl ammonium bromide (HDMAB), long chain hydrocarbon compounds Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) in different amounts (0.01 - 0.1)g/10g of bentonite were used to modify the adsorption capacity to remove the RhB and CR dyes from aqueous solutions. Both bentonite and modified bentonite are firstly characterized using SEM, AFM and FTIR techniques.The effect of dyes concentration, contact time, effect of initial dye concentration and contact time, adsorbent dosage, and amount of modifiers on the percentage removal have been studied. The modified bentonite with SDS. TiO2 , ZnO increased the percentage removal(R%) of RhB dye from 80% by natural bentonite to 99.3%,98.9% and98.7% respectively, the other dye CR modified bentonite with HDMAB,TiO2 ,ZnO, increased the R% from 81.3% to 99.6%, 99.0% and 98.8%,while adding Al2O3 did not success to increase the R% of RhB and CR on bentonite surface The study exhibits that Langmuir and Freundlich models gave geed fitted to the experimental adsorption at 25°C.The second method deals with advanced oxidation process by using photo - Fenton catalyst(Fe2+,H2O2 and UV light) to degradates of two dyes RhB and CR, the effect of Fe2+ concentration,H2O2 concentration , initial dye concentration and effect of pH at different interval time have been studied.results indicated that simultaneous utilization of UV irradiation with Fentons reagent increase the degradation degree of RhB and CR dyes quickly lose their color, indicating that the dissolves organics have been oxidized, the maximum color removal were obtained at pH 2.0,250 mgl - 1of Fe2+,300 mgl - 1of H2O2for RhB at 240 minute while for CR maximum removal were at pH 3.0,200 mgl - 1of Fe+2,350 mgl - 1of H2O2 at 270 minute.The photo - Fenton degradation process was monitored by HPLC chromatogram of RhB and CR dye solutions. The intensity of the peaks are gradually decreased with irradiation time.The irradiation time after three hours show no HPLC peaks detected, the results are in a good agreement with the results obtained from the UV visible spectrum.In this study semi - empirical methods are used to calculate the molecular orbital energies. This calculation let to suggest the best surface active material which can be used to modify the adsorption efficiency for RhB and CR on Iraqi bentonite surface. The theoretical study results are compared to experimental results achieved in experimental studies on some organic pollutants and modified bentonite by SDS and HDMAB. Using SDS led to the best adsorption efficiency for RhB while HDMAB lead to best efficiency for CR dye. The enthalpy of formation, dipole moment and energy of molecular orbital HOMO and LUMO energies levels were calculated for the two dyes and the two modifiers.

التقدير بتقنية الحقن الجرياني المستمر التعكرية لايون الاوكسونيوم من خلال مبادل ايواني واستعمال مصفوفة خطية للتشعيع بنظام فوتومتري 5SX1 - T - 1D وباستعمال خلية شمسية كمتحسس == Turbidimetric - Cfia Determination of Oxonium Ion Through Ion Exchange Resin With The Use of Linear Array Ayah 5Sx1 - T - 1D Solar Microphotometer

Author name: احمد ازهر منصور الصراف

Supervisor name: عصام محمد علي شاكر الهاشمي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: لوحظ في الفترة الاخيرة ظهور مرض متلازمة تكيس المبايض في الاناث خلال سن الانجاب، ان نشوء المرض ربما يعود للاختلال الهرمونات ( المبايض، الغدة النخامية ) ومقاومة الانسولين. ومؤخرا تم استخدام هرمون الانتي - مولرين كمؤشر في التشخيص الدقيق لمرض متلازمة تكيس | In the recent period there had been increased emergence of polycystic ovary syndrome in females during the reproductive age, which may be due to hormonal imbalances (ovaries, pituitary gland) and insulin resistance. Recently Anti - Mullerian hormone had been used as an indicator for determining the degree and accurate diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in serum of patients as well as the measurement fasting insulin and other hormones routine.Aim of study : - ? Proof that anti - mullerian hormone is a marker for diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome patients. ? Compares hormones level as : anti mullerian hormone, fasting insulin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulation hormone, Prolactin, testosterone between polycystic ovary syndrome and normo - ovulatory women. ? Correlate the level of anti mullerian hormone with other the biochemical features as hormones follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, prolactin and insulin resistance.? To find a cut - off value for anti - mullerian hormone in Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Subjects and Methods : - Forty patients with polycystic ovary syndrome , aged ( 20 - 35) years attending AL - Seweraa hospital / Waset , Kamal AL - Samarai hospital / Baghdad for infertility and gynecology and Al Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital were included in the present study , also forty normal fertile females ,aged (21 - 37) years who serve as control group. Blood samples were taken from all subjects from day 2 - 5 day of menstrual cycle. The level of all parameters were quantitatively determined in patients and control subjects by Vidas. Except Anti - mullerian hormone and insulin hormone quantitatively determined in patients and control subjects by Enzyme - Linked Immuno Assay [ELISA]. Test using commercially available Kits as well as the important measurements that had been done include body mass Index.Results : - ? There was a significant [P = 0.0001] increase in Anti mullerian hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome patients compared to controls.? There was a significant [P = 0.0001] increase in luteinizing hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome patients compared to controls , while the level of follicle stimulation hormone and fasting serum glucose was found to be insignificantly when compared with control group.? There was a significant [P = 0.001] increases in testosterone and prolactin hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome patients compared to controls.? Anti - mullerian hormone is more sensitive and specific than the other tests in predicting the occurrence of the disease with a cut off value (>7.9). ? The mean serum level of fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment was significantly [P=0.0001] elevated in the polycystic ovary syndrome patients when compared to that found in the control group.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المشتقات الجديدة للبنزايميدازول المعوضة == Synthesis And Characterization of Some New Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives

Author name: سحر ثامر عداي

Supervisor name: عبد الامير مطلك فنجان

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Analytical Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The project conducted in this research work was carried out from December 2013 to June 2014 which leads to this thesis, which are in five chapters. All these chapters cover up the survey, the practical part of preparing, manufacturing and using Atomic force Microscopy that have been adopted during this research work, and the results were subjected into various internationally used mathematical and data treatments.Chapter OneDiscusses the acids, ion exchange, precipitation reaction, crystal growth theories, light scattering, turbidity and describe FIA in general, it is classification and fundamentally involved ideas without forgetting the use and applications of FIA. Chapter one also discusses derivative spectroscopy, definition, classification, the applications. This chapter ends with the aim of the project.Chapter Two : In this chapter a complete description of the chemicals and ion exchange column, their preparations and their use throughout this project. This chapter describes the use of flow system with all it is components (i.e. peristaltic pump, connection tubes, junction(Y - junction), six ports injection valve, ion exchange column and measuring readout system). Chapter Three : Consists of four parts The first part describes the design of Ayah 5SX1 - T - 1D Solar cell CFIA and deals with calculation of dispersion to evaluate the change in concentration ateach location of the designed manifold system via the chasse of an air bubble. The second part deals with the analysis carried out in this research work. Determination of oxonium ion (HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4 and HCl) via turbidity of solution of zinc (II) ion in cation exchange column - K3[Fe(CN)6] system. A comprehensive detailed study was carried out using Ayah 5SX1 - T - 1D Solar cell CFIA microphotometer. The linear range (10 - 100 mMol.L - 1), limit of detection (43.20, 57.14, 30.28, 30.97 ng/sample) for above mentioned acids and percentage of relative standard deviation < 2% for five successive measurement of 20 and 80 mMol.L - 1 for used acids. The method was applied successfully for determination of the mentioned oxonium ion in pure and commercial samples. A comparison was made between the newly developed method and the classical method pH meter using of paired t - test. It was noticed that there was no significant difference between two methods.The third part deals with the analysis carried out in this research work. Determination of oxonium ion (HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4, HCl) via turbidity of solution of copper (II) ion in cation exchange column - K3[Fe(CN)6] system. A comprehensive detailed study was carried out using Ayah 5SX1 - T - 1D Solar cell CFIA microphotometer. The linear range (10 - 100) mMol.L - 1, limit of detection (42.94, 39.14, 20.61, 26.11 ng/sample) for above mentioned acids and percentage of relative standard deviation < 2.5% for five successive measurement of 20 and 100 mMol.L - 1 for used. The method was applied successfully for determination of the mentioned oxonium ion in pure and commercial samples. A comparison was made between the newly developed method and the classical method pH meter using paired t - test. It was noticed that there was no significant difference between two methods.The fourth part deals with the approache that was used through linear array Ayah 5SX1 - T - 1D continuous flow injection analyzer to distinguish between the responses that were obtained i.e. discrimination between the kind signals that were completely different.Chapter FourDeals with studying topography and morphography of the Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 and Cu3[Fe(CN)6]2 complexes using atomic force microscopy. Chapter Five : This chapter concludes few interesting points based on the obtained results throughout this research work, such as conclusions and future work, Published work, and references. -

تقدير السبروفلوكساسين, النورفلوكساسين والحديد الثلاثي باستعمال الطرق الطيفية مع الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة == Determination of Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin And Iron (III) Using Spectroscopic Methods With Cloud Point Extraction

Author name: نورا سعد مبدر

Supervisor name: زهير عبد الامير خماس

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Organic Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يتضمن البحث تحضير ستة وثلاثون مشتق جديد من مشتقات]2 - (5 - كلورو - 1H - بنزو]د[ايميدازول - 2 - يل انيلين[، وقد تمت دراستها وتشخيصها بواسطة اجراء تحاليل اطياف الاشعه تحت الحمراء FT - IR)) واطياف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتونH - NMR)1) لها.تم تقسيم تح | This research includes synthesis of thirty six new derivatives of [2 - (5 - chloro - 1H - benzo[d]imidazol - 2 - yl)aniline] and these derivatives were characterized by their FT - IR and 1H - NMR spectra.The synthesized compounds were divided into three parts : - The first part involved : - 1 - Synthesis of 2 - (5 - chloro - 1H - benzo[d]imidazol - 2 - yl) aniline [1] by the reaction of 4 - chloro - 1,2 - diaminobenzene with anthranilic acid and hydrochloric acid as a reagent.2 - Acetylation of compound [1] by using acetic anhydride in order to obtaine the Acetamide compound [2]. 3 - Synthesis of N - [2 - (5 - chloro - 1H - benzo[d]imidazol - 2 - yl) phenyl) - hydroxyl N' - methyl] acetimidamide [3] by the reaction of compound [2]with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride and sodium carbonate.4 - Synthesis of Benzimidazolyl Chalcone derivatives [4 - 11] by the reaction of the compound [2] with various aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde ,4 - nitro benzaldehyde,4 - chloro benzaldehyde and 4 - methyl benzaldehyde.The second part included : Mannich reaction was carried out based on the compound [1] using formaldehyde and different secondary amines such as piperdine , indole, diphenyl amine , morpholine , indole - 3 - acetic acid , and imidazole to offered [12 - 24]. The third part was synthesized as following : - 1 - Synthesis of Schiff bases [25 - 32] from the reaction of compound [1] with various aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, 4 - bromobenzaldehyde, 4 - hydroxy benzaldehyde, and glutar aldehyde.2 - Reaction of Schiff bases [26 - 29] with mercaptoacetic acid to give new compounds containing thiazolidin ring [33 - 36].