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دراسة بكتريولوجية على التفاقم الحاد لمرضى الانسداد الرئوي المزمن == Bacteriological Study On Acute Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

Author name: هبة اسماعيل علي العزي
Supervisor name: عروبة خالد عباس | عبد الحميد القصير
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لا يزال مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن مشكلة رئيسية في مجال الصحة العامة. ويرتبط التفاقم الحاد مع فقدان سريع في وظيفة الرئة وخلل في نوعية الحياة وهي من الاسباب الرئيسية للامراضية والوفيات في مرضى الانسداد الرئوي المزمن. تعتبر العدوى البكتيريا هي من الاسباب | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains a main problem in public health. The acute exacerbations are related with rapid loss in lung function and defect in the quality of life and are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in COPD. This study was carried out to isolate and identify the bacteria that cause acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sensitivity of isolated bacteria for most of the antibiotics currently in use.Eighty sputum specimens from patients were included in this study and their age was range forty and above , during the period from January 2015 to June 2015 from three places Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Medical City Hospital and Medical Al khademeain Emamaain City.Bacteria were identified in 52 (65%) while the patient is not specified any reasoned in 28 patients (35%) patients. The diagnosis of bacteria through culture and microscopic examinations and biochemical tests necessary for diagnosis and then the diagnosis has been confirmed of isolation by the Vitek method for each bacterium, the percentages were as follows : Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated bacteria, which recovered from 21 (26.25%) patients. Followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., which isolated from (7.5%, 7.5%, and 5%) of patients respectively, while (3.75%) for each of Acinetobacter baumannii & Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was (2.5%) while the proportion (1.25%) for each of Enterobacter cloacae, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Moraxella catarrhalis & Raoultella ornithinolytica.Through the search three cases were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosed by direct Acid Fast Stain test and their percentage was (3.75%).Sensitivity of bacterial isolates to antibiotics Carbapenems and Doxycycline and Chloramphenicol were the most effective against tested bacteria in vitro while Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Amoxicillin were the least sensitive

دراسة مناعية وجزيئية لخمج القرنية بحمة الحلا - 1 (حمة الهربس البسيط - 1) == Immunological And Molecular Study Of Herpes Simplex Virus - 1 Keratitis

Author name: نهاية كاظم سالم
Supervisor name: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | فائز اسماعيل الشكرجي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يمثل التهاب القرنية (Keratitis) مشكلة كبيرة قد تؤدي الى فقدان البصر احيانا نتيجة لخدش القرنية او فقدان الوضوحية في القرنية بعد اختفاء الالتهاب, ويعتبر فايروس الحلا (الهربس) البسيط - 1Herpes Simplex Virus - 1(HSV - 1))) هو من اهم العوامل المسببة لمرض التهاب ال | Keratitis is a medical term referring to inflammation of the cornea. It is a serious problem, resulting in everlasting loss of vision as a secondary effect to corneal scarring or loss of clarity of the cornea after the inflammation has disappeared. Most common microbes causing viral corneal keratitis is Herpes Simplex Virus - 1 (HSV - 1). HSV - 1 is a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belongs to the Herpesiviridae. It affects the majority of peoples and its infections have been frequently without clinical manifestation. Ocular HSV - 1 infections caused multiple pathologies with possibly the most damaging being herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). This study aimed to evaluate the abilities of the immunological and molecular indicators to diagnose herpetic keratitis in the infected and contralateral eye of patients, as well as to assess the immune status of both eyes by using tears and corneal scraping. Fifty - two patients with herpetic keratitis involved in this study, they attended the outpatient clinics / Ibn - AL - Haithum Teaching Hospital from March 2014 until December 2014. For the purpose of comparison, thirty, apparently healthy age matched control subjects were also included. Tears were collected from infected eyes of the 52 patients and from 16 out of the 52 patients contralateral eyes as well as from 30 controls. Corneal scraping had been obtained from 16 patient's infected eyes with corneal ulcers (epithelial ulcers) out of the total patients (52) with herpetic keratitis. Indirect immunofluorescence assay technique (IFA) was applied to measure levels of immunoglobulins (sIgA and IgG) in tears specific to HSV - 1. Realtime - polymerase chain reaction RT - PCR test was used to diagnose HSV - 1 in corneal scraping and tears of patients and control subjects. Interlukin - 17 (IL - 17A), tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF - ?) and interferon - gamma (IFN - ?) were measured in tear samples from patients and control subjects by the ELISA sandwich method. In tear samples; results of RT - PCR showed that 39/52 (75%) of the total patient's infected eyes were positive, 12/16 contralateral eyes were positive (75%). Corneal scraping and tear samples were taken from 16 patients with corneal ulcer, tear samples 14/16 (87.5%) positive result, while the corneal scraping samples were 16/16 (100%) positive, this indicates clearly that the cornea scraping is more appropriate and sensitive sample to detect HSV - 1 than tear. All controls were RT - PCR negative. IFA results of IgA and IgG in tears of infected and contralateral eyes were found to be more than the concentration in tears of control eyes with a highly significant p - value (0.0001). Comparison between the infected and the contralateral eyes indicates that both patients' eyes expressed a significant humoral immune response against HSV - 1. Although there were high significant differences between both the mean value of tears IL - 17A in infected and contralateral eyes with control, while the comparison between patient both eyes gave non - significant difference. The mean of tears TNF - ? and IFN - ? concentration in infected eyes of patients as compared to control was found to be highly significant (p= 0.0001). In this study we compared between patients infected eye with control to evaluate the performance of different markers in tear as HSV - 1specific sIgA, HSV - 1 specific IgG, IL - 17, TNF - ? and IFN - ? by using statistical test called Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the sensitivity for all studied parameters ranged from 80% - 96%.At the same time the comparisons between patient contralateral eyes and controls also revealed a high sensitivity range for these parameters ranged from 81% - 100%.These findings proved the ability of these markers in confirming diagnosis of HSV - 1 keratitis. In conclusion, the high percentage of RT - PCR results for corneal scraping sample indicate that this sample and by using this technique is more appropriate and sensitive to detect HSV - 1 than tear samples and detect the shedding of virus in both eyes of the same patients. Both patient eyes indicated that they were a good source for HSV - 1 diagnosis. In spite of the high sensitivity of all studied markers and their diagnostic ability, TNF - ? showed a higher sensitivity. To assess the immunological status of Herpetic keratitis patients, the studied markers TNF - ?, IFN - ? and IL - 17 were evaluated and showed a highly significant differences which indicated there was an active inflammatory condition combined with HSV - 1 infection and finally it can be concluded that both humoral and cellular branches of immune responses were involved in this disease.

تقييم دور مؤشرات حيوية مختارة لدى مرضى التصلب المتعدد == Assessment Of The Role Of Selected Biomarkers In Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Author name: ميساء نجاح امين
Supervisor name: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | سرمد عبد الرسول الماشطة
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التصلب المتعدد (MS) هو من امراض الجهاز العصبي المركزي الاكثر شيوعا الذي يسبب الاعاقه الدائمه لدى الشباب البالغين. بناء على ادلة غير مباشرة قوية، يعتبر مرض التصلب المتعدد اضطراب المناعة الذاتية لعضو محدد ولكن لا يزال هناك الكثير يجب ان يفهم عن كيفيه نشوء ا | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disease of the central nervous system that causes permanent disability in young adults. Based on strong circumstantial evidence, MS is considered to be an organ - specific autoimmune disorder, but much remains to be understood about the initiation of the disease. It seems unlikely that MS results from a single causative event, but rather the disease develop in a genetically susceptible population as a result of environmental exposures. The present study was planned to determine the serum levels of IL - 17A, IL - 21 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) in patients and control subjects by a sandwich ELISA test using commercially available kits. Vitamin D total was measured in a group of patients and control subjects by cobas e 411 analyzers which is an automated multichannel analyzer for immunological analysis by the use of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology.Forty Iraqi MS patients attending the Consultation Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis / Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period January 2013 - July 2013 were recruited for this study. For the purpose of comparison, 40 control subjects matched by age and gender were also included.The mean serum level of MOG in patient and control (554.85 vs. 315.20pg/ml) and IL - 17A (11.42 vs. 8.33pg/ml) was significantly higher in MS patients as compared to controls, while the mean serum level of IL - 21 (176.164 vs. 75.714pg/ml) was not significantly higher in MS patients as compared to controls. The mean serum level of vitamin D (n=20) (10.38 vs. 13.06ng/ml) was not significantly lower in MS patients as compared to controls. There was a positive correlation between MOG with IL - 17A and between MOG with IL - 21. These results might illustrate the synergism of action between antibody and T cell response in MS patients. A positive correlation was also detected between IL - 17A and IL21 in MS patients.A significant negative correlation was detected between Vitamin D with MOG. A negative correlation was recorded between Vitamin D and IL - 17A in patients. Also negative correlation was recorded between vitamin D and IL - 21 in MS patients. In conclusion, higher level of IL - 17A and MOG in MS serum indicates an important role of this cytokine and MOG as an auto antigen in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and demyelination process, so they could be considered as a good biomarkers for diagnosis and considered as a target for future therapy.

دراسة جزيئية ومناعية لدى عينة من مرضى التدرن الرئوي == Molecular And Immunological Study In A Sample Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Author name: مي يحيى عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: عروبة خالد عباس | احمد اسمر منخي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر مرض السل الرئوي tuberculosis الذي تسببه بكترياMycobacterium tuberculosis من الامراض المعدية والشائعة واحد الاسباب الرئيسية لحالات الوفاة في العالم, ولاهميته اجريت هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء اكثر حول التشخيص المناعي للمرض وعلاقته بالتشخيص الجزيئي.تضم | Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; which consider as one of the most common, infectious diseases and major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A prospective study was conducted to diagnose disease by immunological methods and its association with molecular diagnosis.The study included immunological diagnosis by Quantiferon - TB Gold In Tube Test, estimation the serum levels of IFN - ?, TNF - ? and IL - 10 in TB patients and control by a sandwich ELISA test using commercially available kits, in addition to molecular diagnosis by using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay, conventional bacteriological tests such as smear microscopy by Ziehl - Neelsen stain for sputum samples. Furthermore, estimation of ESR and WBCs.Fifty TB patients attending the National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis /Baghdad from the period between April to July 2014 were recruited in this study. For the purpose of comparison, 50 control samples (respiratory disease and healthy) matched by age and gender were also included.All TB patients' samples were positive by smear microscopy. The results revealed that there were significance differences between AFB scoring and G - Xpert results (p Forty five samples of TB patients with significance difference (p?0.01) were positively detected by Quantiferon - TB Gold Test.The mean serum level of QFT among TB patient and control (3.54 IU/ml vs. 0.866 IU/ml and 0.556 IU/ml), IL - 10 (53.02 Pg/ml vs. 22.24 pg/ml and 7.51 pg/ml) and TNF - ? (74.34 Pg/ml vs. 49.12 Pg/ml and 27.81 pg/ ml) were significantly higher in TB patients as compared to controls (P?0.05).In conclusion, high levels of IFN - ?, TNF - ? and IL - 10 in TB patients serum indicate an important role of theses cytokines in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, so they could be considered as a good biomarkers for diagnosis and considered as a target for future therapy. The present study revealed significant difference in the WBCs and ESR values between TB patients and control (P?0.05)

دراسة خمج فيروس الكبد نمط جي HGV في مرضى الثلاسيميا المصابين وغير المصابين بفيروس الكبد سي (HCV) واهميته السريرية

Author name: مريم صبري ابراهيم
Supervisor name: اروى هادي الحمداني | اشنا جمال فائق
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المرضى المصابين بفقر دم البحر الابيض المتوسط هم اكثر عرضة للاصابة بالالتهابات الفيروسية المنقولة دمويا. التهاب الكبد الفيروسي نمط جي (HGV)هو فيروس رنوي(RNA) مرتبط بالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي الحاد والمزمن. التهاب الكبد الفيروسي نمط سيHCV) ) والتهاب الكبد الفير | Thalassemia patients are at increased risk of infection with parentally transmitted viral agents. The hepatitis G virus (HGV) is an RNA virus, which is associated with acute or chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis G virus (HGV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections may have a role in complicating the clinical outcome in patients with thalassemia. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and clinical importance of HGV infection in thalassemia patients with or without hepatitis C virus (HCV) co - infection, furthermore to sequence and analyze phylogentic of HGV clones. One hundred fifty four thalassemia patients (56.5% male, 43.5% female) with a mean age of 22.84±6.06 years were involved in this study that was conducted in the period between Feb. to May, 2014. Anti - HCV antibody was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot. Then, HCV - RNA was detected in 53.2% of anti - HCV positive thalassemia patients. HGV antibodies were evaluated by ELISA. Also, the HGV viremia was analyzed in patients with thalassemia by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) protocol. Results obtained showed that the anti - E2 - HGV were found in 16 out of 154 (10.4%) thalassemia patients with significant decrease in its prevalence with increasing age, while HGV viremia was diagnosed in 28 out of 154 (18.2%) patients with thalassemia. No association of HGV infection was found with gender, age and frequency of blood transfusion.According to HCV and HGV infection status, thalassemia patients were categorized into four subgroups : subgroup I (HGV infection), subgroup II (HCV infection), subgroup III (co - infection of HCV and HGV), and subgroup IV (thalassemia patients with neither HCV nor HGV infection). Seven point one percent (7.1%) of thalassemia patients were found to be co - infected with HCV and HGV.In all thalassemia subgroups, liver transaminases; alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum bilirubin (TSB) were determined, in addition to measure serum ferritin levels by VIDAS. HCV infection shows significant increase in ALT level while in HGV is not. Co - infection with HCV and HGV decrease ALT levels when compared with infection with HCV alone, so HGV infection is suggested to have no role in increasing the severity of liver diseases in the thalassemia patients. In HGV infection, there were significant increase in ALP levels and significant decrease in ferritin levels than other subgroups in the study. However, HGV infection shows no significant differences in AST and TSB than other subgroups. The results of genotyping in 12 randomly selected patients showed presence of genotype 2 and genotype 5 with percentage of 91.7% and 8.3% respectively. The diagnosis of prevalence of HGV and HCV in patients with thalassemia in Iraq emphasized the importance of these lymphotropic viral hepatitis infections in pathogenesis and outcome of thalassemia patients.

دور الايبشتاين بار فايرس كعامل محتمل لتقدم سرطان الدم اللمفاوي المزمن == Molecular Characterization Of Metallo ? - Lactamase (MBL) Genes

Author name: لمى عامر ياسر
Supervisor name: عامر رشيد النجار | داود سلمان داود
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is ubiquitous virus which infects the majority of the human population and is the causative agent of infectious monocleosis and a variety of B - cell tumors including Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, human immunodeficiency virus - associated lymphomas and post - transplant lymphoproliferative disorders , this virus expressed many protein and it is associated with a variety of B - cell tumors. Recently many studies have suggested a causal relationship between EBV and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A prospective study of thirty samples of formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue of bone marrow aspirates samples and blood from newly diagnosis BCLL of 30 patients and our control included : 1) 20 bone marrow of patients who they have hematological disease other than leukemia as control. 2) Blood serum from healthy controls to study the level of IL - 10 and IL - 8. The present study conducted at Baghdad Teaching hospitals and the National Center of Hematology from September 2013 to Jun 2014. In this study we investigated the association between EBV and CLL. The detection of EBV encoded RNAs (EBER1,EBER2) by in situ hybridization and also latent membrane protein - 1 (LMP - 1) and EBV nuclear antigen - 2(EBNA2) by immunohistochemistry and detection for the level of Interleukin n (8 and 10) in the serum of CLL patients by ELISA. In situ hybridization study revealed that all the controls were negative for EBERs and 46.7% patients were found to be EBERs positive. There was a correlation between positive EBERs and tumors stage and also EBERs and IL10 and with LMP - 1 and EBNA - 2. Immuno - histochemical method was used to demonstrate the rate of (LMP - 1 and EBNA - 2) in CLL patients where a positive results of EBNA2 and LMP1were found in (43.3 % and 56.6s %), respectively in CLL patient group. All controls were negative with an exception of two patients were LMP1 positive. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA) was used to detect the level of IL - 8 and IL - 10 in serum of newly diagnosed of CLL patients. Interleukin 8 was significantly higher in CLL cases group (33.1 pg/ml) compared to control group.On the other hand It was found that high increase in IL - 10 level ,in CLL patients when compared with controls. Conclusion : It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between EBV and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mainly EBERs, also the association of significant increase in IL - 10 and IL - 8 with CLL.

مؤشرات جزيئية حول مقاومة الزوائف الزنجارية المرتبطة بخمج المجاري البولية للمضادات الحيوية == Molecular Markers Of Antibiotics Resistance Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Associated With Urinary Tract Infections

Author name: كريم عليوي حمادي سليمان
Supervisor name: عامر رشيد النجار
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الزوائف الزنجارية : وهي بكتريا سالبة لصيغة الكرام والمنتشرة بشكل واسع في البيئة مثل التربة والمياه. وهذه البكتريا تتسبب في كثير من الالتهابات مثل التهاب المجاري البولية والتهاب الحروق وهي بكتريا انتهازية. وتشكل تهديد لحياة المصابين بالمجاري البولية وخاص | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram |( - ve) bacteria, widely presents in the environment such as soil, water, its incubation period (1 - 3) days, generation time 1 - 2 hrs. This bacteria causes many infections such as (UTI), and burn infections. It is an opportunistic pathogen, life threating for immune compromised patients such as diabetic patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial pathogen, and it is ranking the second among Gram ( - ve) hospitals acquiring pathogen. Its antibiotic resistance increased due to acquiring many antibiotics resistance genes. The spread of these genes among bacteria is via plasmids. Plasmid profiling of Ps. aeruginosa isolates by gel electrophoresis is a best technique for detection of plasmid content. Through this study, which was carried out in two main teaching hospitals, the diabetic center and private labs in Baghdad, during the period from January to October 2014. A total of (620) urine specimens were collected during (9) months. Urine specimens from inpatients were (420 / 620, 67.75%) and from out patients were (200 / 620, 32.25%). Urine specimens from Dialysis unit were (280 / 620, 45.1%) and from burn units were (140 / 620, 22.5%). The male represented (n = 334, 52.38%) while female were (n = 286, 46.20%). The positive cultures of urine samples obtained from hospitalized patients were (72 / 420, 17.1%) while for urine samples obtained from out patients (n = 40 / 200, 20%) were positive culture. A total of (112) positive culture out of (620) collected with (18.06%) percentage. A total of (30) bacterial isolates were tested by using disc diffusion method for susceptibility test forward to (15) antibiotics. Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed highest resistance to gentamicin (87.5%) while the lowest resistant toward meropenem, and imipenem with resistance percentage (16.7% and 8.0%) respectively.The occurrence of multi - drug resistance in (30) selected isolates were grouped as follows to (MDR) for those isolates which showed resistance to at least (3) antibiotics which was found to be (5 / 30, 6.6%). While (XDR) referred to those isolates which showed resistance to (4 - 5) antibiotics with (19 / 30, 63.3%). In related to (PDR) which referred to isolates that showed resistance to more than 5 with (6 / 30, 20%). The extracted plasmid DNA were resolved by gel electrophoresis for detection of plasmid content for (20) isolates including (10) isolates from inpatients, and (10) isolates from out patients. The selection of these isolates were grouped according to their antibiotic resistance pattern and the number of plasmids that they carried. The results showed that out of (20) there were (12 / 20, 60%) had no plasmid. While the remaining (8 / 20, 40%) had plasmids with different sizes and numbers. By using PCR technique the most common kinds of genes such as bla CTX - M, bla OXA, which encoded extended spectrum ? - lactamase (ESBLS) and those for metallo ? - lactamase such as bla IMP, were investigated with specific primers. Five isolates were selected depending on the numbers of plasmids which they carried and their resistance to antibiotics.

دراسة مؤشرات مناعية وبايوكيميائية مختارة لمرضى السكري النوع الثاني المصحوب وغير المصحوب باعتلال الكلى ذات الادرار قليل الزلال == Study Of Selected Immunological And Biochemical Markers In Type 2 Diabetes With And Without Microalbuminuric Nephropathy

Author name: علي ناصر محمد علي
Supervisor name: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | حازم عبد الرزاق عبد الوهاب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetic diseases occuring all over the world including Iraq. This type of microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus represents the most common reason of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the world which considers the main reason for hemodialysis, kidney transplantation and death in developed countries. For this reason the assessment of some biomarkers as an early predicator before onset of microalbuminuria stage of diabetic nephropathy and the correlations between these biomarkers with microalbuminuria were carried out.This study was achieved at AL - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and the Diabetes National Center /AL - Mustansiriyah University/Baghdad from January 2013 to September 2014. The study involved ninety individuals, twenty volunteers selected from the local community; apparently healthy (group I), 40 type 2 diabetics with normal urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) (<30 mg/g) (group II), and 30 type 2 diabetic patients with abnormal UACR (? 30 - 300 mg/g) (group III). Mean of diabetes duration (D.D.) in group II is about 4 years and in group III is about 8 years. The mean age for group I, II and III were 53, 55 and 58 years respectively. The concentration was measured of each microalbuminuria by turbidmeteric method, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by using chronic kidney diseases - epidemiology equation, glycated heamoglobin (HbA1c) by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), both fasting blood sugar (FBS) and creatinine (serum and urine) by using colorimeteric method, body weight by using body mass index (BMI) and all of IL - 18, IL - 12 IL - 4, IFN - ? and urinary vitamin binding protein (VDBP) by using ELISA method in three groups.The present study showed that there is inverse correlation between UACR and eGFR. The cause of this inverse correlation is that the decline in renal function of diabetics can be predicted accurately by using both UACR to show the increase in microalbuminuria while eGFR show a measure of the decrease in the ability of kidney for filtration.The difference of FBS mean between group I and II and group I and III was significant (P= 0.000 for both). The P - value between II and III groups was significant (P= 0.024). The difference of HbA1c mean between group I and II, group I and III and group II and III was significant (P=0. 000 for all). These results were expected as high HbA1c level is in consequence of high FBS. The difference of BMI mean between group I and II, group I and III and group II and III was not significant (P= 0.870, 0.885 and 0.968 respectively). Because the BMI levels were approximately constant in three groups. The difference of D.D. between group II and III was significant (P= 0.000).There was no significant correlation in group II between urinary albumin to creatinine ratio with each of diabetic duration, glycated haemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and body mass index (r=0.219 with P=0.244, r=0.039 with P=0.840, r=0.080 with P=0.673 and r= - 0.126 with P= 0.506 respectively); but there was positively significant correlation between urinary albumin to creatinine ratio with each diabetic duration, HbA1c and fasting blood sugar in group III (r=0.298 with P=0.043, r=0.869 with P=0.000 and r=0.518 with P=0.003 respectively) which may be due to the chronic nature of the disease in this group that require these risk factors to initiation; however, the correlation was non significant between UACR and BMI (r= - 0.127 with P=0.228) in group III.The difference of S.Cr. among I and II groups, I and III groups and II and III groups were not significant (P= 0.998, P= 0.331 and P= 0.145 respectively).The correlation was not significant in group II between serum creatinine with each of diabetic duration, glycated haemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and body mass index (r= - 0.140 with P=0.462, r= - 0.124 with P=0.515, r=0.168 with P=0.374 and r=0.007 with P= 0.969 respectively). Also, there was no significant correlation in group III between S. Cr. with each D.D., HbA1c, FBS and BMI (r=0.187 with P=0.077, r=0.109 with P=0.220 and r=0.175 with P=0.124 respectively). The reason of these results backs to that S. Cr. level is not increased as the podocytes remain intact in the diabetics with and without microalbuminuria.The difference of eGFR between group I and II was not significant (P= 0.303). The difference between group I and III and group II and III was significant (P= 0.001 and 0.010 respectively). The correlation was not significant in group II between eGFR with each of diabetic duration, glycated haemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and body mass index (r=0.121 with P=0.524, r= - 0.180 with P=0.341, r= - 0.310 with P=0.096 and r=0.021 with P= 0.911 respectively). Also, there was no a significant correlation in group III between eGFR with each diabetic duration, HbA1c, FBS and BMI (r= - 0.179 with P=0.07, r= - 0.188 with P=0.061, r= - 0.123 with P=0.388 and r= - 0.112 with P=0.557 respectively). The reason of these results back to that eGFR level is at the normal range in group II and slightly beneath the normal range in group III in consequence of the podocytes remain intact in the diabetics with and without microalbuminuria.The difference of urinary VDBP level between group I and II, group I and III and group II and III was significant (P= 0.000 for all). The correlation between urinary albumin to creatinine ratio levels and VDBP level (r=0.963) with P - value 0.000 which was positively significant in group III. The correlationbetween eGFR and VDBP was - 0.524 with P - value 0.003 which is inversely significant in group III. The reason of this inverse correlation may be similar to the reason of inverse correlation between eGFR and UACR, as the cubilin - megalin receptors are common receptors for albumin and vitamin D binding protein. Otherwise, the correlation between urinary VDBP and eGFR in the group I was a weak negative with non significant P - value (r= - 0.188, P=0. 428). The reason of this non significant correlation is that the cubilin - megalin receptors are not damaged by inflammatory process to elevate VDBP in urine; also the podocytes in glomeruli are intact from the damage by inflammatory process, so the eGFR was at the normal range in the control group.The correlation was a positive between HbA1c and VDBP levels in group II and group III (r=0.579, P=0. 001 and r=0.686, P=0.000 respectively). This positive correlation was explained on the basis that deterioration of sugar level control lead to increase the proinflammatory cytokines that damage cubilin - megalin receptors then VDBP increase in urine.The difference of serum IL - 18 level between group I and II, group I and III and group II and III was significant (P=0.000 for all).The correlation between urinary albumin to creatinine ratio and IL - 18 was 0.983 with P - value 0.000 which was positively significant in group III. This may back to damage the cubilin - megalin receptors by IL - 18 action that lead to increase of UACR in urine. In other words, the correlation between serum creatinine and serum IL - 18 in group III was not significant (r=0.041 with P= 0.830). This may back to that podocytes remain intact in this early stage of diabetic nephropathy. There is a significant positive correlation between serum IL - 18 levels and HbA1c levels in group II and group III (r=0.641, P=0.000 and r=0.721, P=0.000 respectively). These two positive correlations support the suggestion of choosing serum IL - 18 as an excellent biomarker for avoidance an early stage of the disease.The difference of IFN - ? levels between group I and group II, between group I and group III and between group II and group III were not significant as follows : (P=0.640, P=0.292 and P=0.522 respectively). The correlation between UACR and IFN - ? (r=0.047) with P - value 0.830 which was not significant in group III which means that IFN - ? is not a good biomarker for prediction of the microalbuminuria as an early stage of DN.The difference of IL - 12 level between group I and group II, between group I and group III and between group II and group III were not significant (0.884, 0.431 and 0.439) respectively. The correlation between UACR and IL - 12 (r=0.190) with P - value 0.314 which was not significant in group III.The difference of IL - 4 levels between group I and group II, between group I and group III and between group II and group III were not significant (0.943, 0.704 and 0.648 respectively). The correlation between UACR and IL - 4 (r=0.169) with P - value 0.371 which was not significant in group III.These results of IFN - ?, IL - 12 and IL - 4 might lead to conclude that both cytokines can’t be selected as a biomarker for an early detection of DN. Finally from the all presented data it can be concluded that IL - 18 and VDBP are considered more sensitive and more efficient than a classic diagnostic method (UACR and eGFR) for avoidance and detection the early stage of DN.

مميزات التحويرات المناعية للريسفراترول المستخلص من قشور العنب الاحمر على التهاب الكبد المحدث باستخدام ديكالاكتوزامين والذيفان المعوي نوع ب للمكورات العنقودية == Immunmodulatory Properties Of Resveratrol Extracted From Skin Of Red Grape On Acute Liver Injury Induced By D - Galactoseamine And Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B

Author name: صباح زيارة كاظم المالكي
Supervisor name: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | متزي نكاركاتي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر اصابة الكبد الحاد احد الامراض ذو الاعراض السريرية التي تتصف بارتشاح الخلايا اللمفية الى الكبد وتجمع السوائل وارتفاع انزايمات الكبد مثل ناقل امين الاسبارتات Aspartate aminotransferase(AST) في مصل الدم. هنالك الكثير من الاسباب التي تؤدي الى حدوث ضرر | Acute Liver Injury is a vital clinical syndrome characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes in the liver, fluid accumulation, and elevation of liver enzymes such as Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum. There are many causes of liver injury, but in this particular study Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) was used to induce acute liver injury in mice, it is previously known that (SEB) it act as superantigen that bind with T cell receptor variable region beta chain (VB8), and MHC II of Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), which leads to activation of T - cells, and huge secretion of pro - inflammatory cytokines, all of these events cause an acute liver injury lead to liver failure, and death. In the last few decades the importance of some natural products appeared, in which these botanicals have an anti - inflammatory properties. Resveratrol is one of these botanicals with an anti - inflammatory effects, which was used as treatment in this study.This study was particularly intended to study the influence of Resveratrol on acute liver injury induced by Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B, lead to liver failure which includes estimation of aspartate aminotransferase levels (AST), histopathological analysis, immune cell counts of liver and spleen, in addition, study whether resveratrol has the ability to cause immunological changes on different immune cells that lead to suppress acute liver injury by using flowcytometry technique,these cells are inflammatory cells carrying CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK1.1+ T cells, CD44+ T cells, and suppressive cells such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), T regulatory cell (FOXP3), as anit - inflammatory markers. Furthermore evaluate the pro - inflammatory, and anti - inflammatory cytokines by using Bio - plex. Also to determine the molecular mechanism in which resveratrol can lead to induce changes in microRNAs (miRNAs) by microarray analysis. Finally validation (miRNAs) resulting from microarray analysis and genes of interest associated with these miRNAs by Real time polymearase chain reaction (RT - PCR).After sixteen hours blood samples were collected to determine AST levels in differents groups using Nanodrop, (Fisher - USA), after sixty hours animals sacrificing organs (liver, spleen) were collected afterward liver samples in 10% formalin were sent for histopathological study, liver immune cells were isolated for counts and molecular study (microarray analysis and quantitive (RT - PCR) total RNA was isolated from liver immune cells for microarray analysis then preparation of complementary Deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) by Reverse transcriptase PCR. Validation of the microarray analysis data was achieved by Real time PCR. Spleen immune cells were collected afterward for flowcytometric analysis of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK1.1+, CD44+ T cells, MDSCs, and T regulatory cells using cell surface staining and intra cellular staining.This study showed that Resveratrol oppose the effect of SEB induced acute liver injury through decrease AST concentrations (P< 0.0001). Also Resveratrol 50mg/Kg body weight led to cause reduction in the size of the spleen, compared to SEB+ Vehicle group. Histopathology study reported that resveratrol led to decrease of hepatic necrosis up to 10% in comparison to vehicle group with 60% of hepatic necrosis and decrease in the inflammatory response represented by immune cells as in liver immune cell counts which showed a significant decrease (P< 0.014) after 50mg/ Kg body weight of Resveratrol treatment. Spleen immune cell counts result reported a significant decrease (P<0.013) in the total cells when Resveratrol was used as treatment compared to disease group. Regarding to Flowcytometric analysis, it was found that Resveratrol significantly decrease the absolute count of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK1.1+, CD44+, Foxp3+ T cells in C57BL/6 mice (P< 0.0019, P< 0.001, P< 0.009, P< 0.002, P< 0.03, and P< 0.03 respectively). While MDSCs result reported significant increase with P< 0.01 in absolute cell counts after Resveratrol treatment. Depending on the Bio - plex data showed significant decrease in serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL - 1?, IL - 1?, IL - 3, IL - 5, IL - 12p(40), IL - 12p(70), IL - 13, IFN?, MIP - 1?, MIP - 1?, KC and Rantes cytokines with significant P values (0.009, 0.004, 0.034, 0.004, 0.0009, 0.01, 0.0007, 0.009, 0.0037, 0.0001, 0.0035, 0.006 respectively), while anti - inflammatory cytokines IL - 6, IL - 10 and G - CSF c showed a significant increase in the serum concentration after Resveratrol treatment with a P values of, 0.012, 0.02 and 0.001 respectively. Microarray analysis results recognized 451 miRNAs with P< 0.05, according to fold change expression, 78 miRNAs have fold change greater than - 1.5 fold of expression in Resveratrol treatment group (downregulated), while 87 miRNAs have fold change greater than 1.5 fold of expression (upregulated). According to the ingenuity tools predicted target gene for some of these miRNAs by using miRNA.org database, the database showed that miR - 130a - 3p with - 2.28 fold expression have direct relation of binding with CSF1 gene, Real time PCR results confirmed the results obtained from microarray analysis, the result of miR - 130a - 3p showed a significant decrease of relative fold expression with P< 0.013, and Colony Stimulating Factor - 1 CSF1 (M - CSF) relative expression increased significantly after resveratrol treatment with P< 0.0001. From all of previous data, it can be concluded that Resveratrol can counteract acute liver injury induced by SEB, by decrease AST concentration. Resveratrol acts as an anti - inflammatory compound due to decrease of immune cell numbers, decrease of inflammatory markers, and increase of anti - inflammatory markers. miR - 130a - 3p with inflammatory properties downregulated after resveratrol treatment. Finally Resveratrol treatment increased relative fold expression of CSF1(M - CSF); gene which play a role in the MDSCs proliferation

دراسة معظم السمات المناعية وتحديد البكتريا الابرز في مرض التهاب السحايا باستعمال تقنية البي سي ار == Study Some Immunological Aspects And Determination Of Most Prominent Bacteria In Meningitis Patients By Using Real Time Pcr

Author name: شيماء عبد الرضا حميد
Supervisor name: زينب فاضل عاشور | دريد قاسم الشريف
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Meningitis, which is inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord and can occur at any age, it is caused by infectious microorganisms include (Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites) and non infectious include (Drugs, Carcinoma and Inflammatory disorder), also requires early treatment with aggressive use of potent antimicrobials; otherwise the outcome almost ends fatally.The predominant causes of bacterial meningitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Neisseria meningitides.This prospective study includes 40 cases of meningitis which have been admitted to the Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Child Welfare Teaching Hospital during the period from May to November/ 2014.The detection of meningitis causative agent were specified by using the standard biochemical and microbiological methods such as : Determination of protein and sugar in Cerebrospinal fluid, Differential and cell count, growth on Culture media and morphological appearance on Gram's stain.Confirmative tests were also done for identification of meningitis causative agent; these tests included Procalcitonin, IL - 6, CRP, D. Dimer. These confirmative tests have been crowned by PCR technique, by employing the detection of the bacterial gene.The DNA of bacteria was extracted from CSF of meningitis patients and detection the type of bacteria gene by using multiplex PCR technique that using primers to amplify each ply, bexA and ctrA gene.Out of 40 samples, 28 (70%) were identified as bacterial meningitis and 12 (30%) as viral meningitis, the result of PCR reaction revealed unmistakably that 20 (71.4%) of 28 were detected the bacteria (S. pneumonia, H. influenzaetype b and N. meningitides) as a causative agent, while there were no detectable infectious agents in the (40) control group included in this study.Viral meningitis patients showed the number of lymphocytes (31.92 cell/ mm3) and neutrophils (1.00 cell/ mm3), while the highest number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in bacterial meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae (77.08 cell/ mm3) , (28.86 cell/ mm3) respectively, so that there was significant difference between cells (lymphocyte and neutrophil) with study group at P value = 0.010, P value = 0.013 respectively. In microbiological examination 22.5% of patients group (40) showed positive result of culture and 7.5% showed positive result of gram stain.In biochemical tests, the detection of Cerebrospinal fluid's protein and glucose level was done. The level of protein concentrations in bacterial meningitis with S. pneumoniae (103.08 mg/l), H. influenzae (65.14 mg/l) and in other bacteria was (124.44 mg/l) which is higher than the protein concentration in viral meningitis (42.25 mg/l), and these results showed highly significant difference at (P=0.010). Results of glucose's level determination showed that there were no significant difference among the studied groups (P =0.2). Results of glucose's level determination showed the presence of non significant difference among the studied groups, (60.92 mg/dl), (43, 57 mg/ dl), (51.00 mg/dl), (41.50 mg/dl) consecutively appeared in bacterial, viral.Interleukin - 6 and Procalcitonin levels were diagnosed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, while the plasma D. Dimer and erum C - Reactive protein was diagnosed by NaycoCard technique.The current results showed the presence of high concentration of IL - 6 among meningitis patients, high concentration of serum IL - 6 appeared in bacterial and viral meningitis (28.68 pg/ml) when compared with control group (2.194 pg/ml) (P =0.001), while CSF IL - 6 show high concentration in bothbacterial and viral meningitis but with no significant difference (579.24 pg/ml) (P =0.0001). The data of this study showed, there was correlation between IL - 6 levels and neutrophil in meningitis patients. Interleukin - 6 had significant correlation with neutrophil (P =0.009). While no significant correlation appeared between IL - 6 and Lymphocyte.Procalcitonin results showed high concentration in bacterial meningitis group compared with viral and control group with a highly significant differences (P =0.0001).The results of CRP shown no significant differences between bacterial and viral group, while the levels of D. Dimer appear significant differences in both groups when compared with control group.Current study indicated that PCR, Procalcitonin and D. Dimer played an important role in diagnosis of meningitis disease.

العلاقة بين مرض السكري المناعي الذاتي الكامن النمط الثاني للبالغين مع الخمج بالملوية البوابية == Association Between Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Of Adults In Type Ii Dm With Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Author name: سيف علي مكلف
Supervisor name: عروبة خالد عباس | مدين علي حسين
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) is a form of diabetes which is less recognized and underdiagnosed type of diabetes which appears to have characteristics of both type 1 (autoimmune in nature) and type 2 diabetes (adult age at onset).Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has a worldwide distribution. The bacteria colonize more than half of the world population and consider the main cause of gastritis, peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. The host immune response is unable to clear the infection and may actually contribute to the associated pathogenesis, also the bacterial virulent factors had certain role in the pathogenicity of infection as it was stated by limited studies that the Cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) protein and Vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (VacA) protein positive strains are possibly associated with severe infections.The present study was designed to find out the percent of LADA patients among group of type II Iraqi diabetic patients and the relation between LADA patients and H. pylori infection.The study was carried out on 350 type II patients attending the National Diabetes Center/ Al - Mustansirrhea University/ Baghdad Al - Yarmouk during the period May to October 2014 were recruited for this study. Diagnostic markers for LADA, namely, C - peptide levels by Radioimmunoassay and GAD autoantibodies by ELISA test were determined and other Various parameters such as, HbA1c levels, Anti - H.pylori IgG, Anti - CagA protein and Anti - VacA protein by ELISA test were evaluated and correlated with type 2 diabetes and 40 control, matched by age and gender were also included.57 patients of 350 of type II have low C - peptide level, from which, 40 patients have Anti - GAD65 positive and 17 patients have Anti - GAD65 negative.The percentage of LADA patients among type II diabetes was 11.4%.The mean serum levels of C - peptide of LADA patients, controls and type II diabetes (0.30 vs. 1.94 and 3.15ng/ml) were significantly lower in LADA patients as compared to controls and type II patients (p?0.05).Also the mean blood concentrations of HbA1c of LADA patients, type II and controls (8.5 vs. 7.5 and 5.2 %) were significantly higher in LADA patients as compared to type II patients and controls (p?0.05).The Higher frequency of anti - H. pylori IgG was in LADA patients when compared with patient's controls and healthy controls (59.6%, 21.3% and 19.1%) and the p - value (?0.05).In conclusion, Cytotoxic associated gene A protein (Cag A) protein is more frequency with H. pylori positive patients 36/47 (76.6%) indicate an important role of this virulence factor in the pathogenesis of H. pylori, so they could be considered as a good biomarker for discern the risk of developing serious gastroduodenal disease in the host, than Vacuolating cytotoxin A Protein (Vac A) which is less frequency than Cag A in H. pylori positive patients 16/47 (34%).

دور الانترلوكين RA - 1 والسكليروستين والخلية التائية المستجيبة CD4 في مصل مرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي == Role Of Serum IL - 1RA, Sclerostin And Effector T - Cell (CD4) In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Author name: سنن ثائر عبد الوهاب
Supervisor name: حيدر صباح كاظم | علاء الدين مظفر زبير
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التهاب المفاصل الرثوي هو احد امراض المناعة الذاتية الاكثر شيوعا والذي يتميز بالتهاب المفاصل المزمن والذي يؤدي فيما بعد الى تدمير المفاصل.لا يزال مرض التهاب المفاصل الرثوي يعرف على انه سمة من التوسع في الغشاء الزليلي وارتشاح الخلايا الالتهابية اضافة الى | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic joint inflammation and subsequent joint destruction. It is well known that RA is characterized by the expansion of the synovium and infiltration of the inflammatory cells coupled with destruction of adjacent articular cartilage and bone. This is strongly dependent on CD4 T cell. CD4 Cells stimulate monocytes, macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and other cells to produce cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor - ? (TNF - ?), interleukin - 1 (IL - 1), IL - 6, IL - 15, IL - 17 and metalloproteinases that produce tissue damage. TNF is a major inflammatory cytokine contributing to the pathogenesis of RA, which provides rational for development of anti - TNF biological agents in the treatment of RA.Wnt pathway (a complex protein network) important in control of the bone formation through the regulation of osteoblast activity, and sclerostin is an important in the regulator of the Wnt pathway by blocking Wnt binding to its receptor and thereby inhibiting bone formation. Blockage of Wnt antagonists such as sclerostin will trigger repair or even healing of bone erosion.Recently have shown that IL - 1Ra has been given therapeutically in several experimental models of arthritis with weak effect in RA. This study planned to evaluate the frequencies of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in Iraqi patients treated with RA under treatment with biological therapy (Etanercept). The level of serum sclerostin, serum level of IL - 1RA, and investigate the correlation between serum sclerostin and Treg expression. Correlate the level of serum sclerostin and Treg expression with disease activity by (CDAI or DAS28).This study was performed during the period from January 2016 to May 2016.The patients were attending the out patients' Clinic in Medical City/Baghdad Teaching hospital/Rheumatology Unit and the laboratory Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay tests were done in Bio - technology center at the University of Al Nahrain, flow cytometery analysis was performed in the private laboratory (Al Rawabi Laboratory) at Yarmouk/Baghdad. Thirty patients and 30 apparently healthy control individuals were included in this study, Patients under treatment of etanercept.The diagnosis of RA patients has performed under the rheumatologist consultant at the consultation clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital of the medical city. Blood samples had taken from RA patients to measure Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Complete Blood Picture, Rheumatoid Factor and High - Density Lipoprotein. Also, analyze the serum levels of Anti - Citrullinated Protein Antibodies and estimate the levels of sclerostin and IL - 1RAin patients and healthy individuals using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test kits. CD4+CD25+ Treg cells had achieved by flow cytometery analysis.The results showed the reduction in Treg cells in patients (0.00264 ± 0.002) % under biological therapy than control group (0.026 ± 0.012) % with significant difference (p< 0.05). Also body mass index showed significant difference between patients (32.10 ± 5.81) kg/m2 and control group (28.84 ± 4.67) kg/m2 (p< 0.05). The results showed that sclerostin level higher in healthy (1.072 ± 0.59) ng/ml than patients (0.801 ± 0.28) ng/ml which showed significant difference (p<0.05). Furthermore IL - 1RA serum level was higher in healthy (0.979 ± 0.34) ng/L than patients (0.633 ± 0.35) ng/L with significant difference (p<0.05). Anti - Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide results showed non - significant difference between patients and healthy control. Treg cells is reduction in the patients with RA. Sclerostin and IL - 1RA levels are low in patients treated with etanercept.

دراسة جزيئية للاصابات بفايروس الحليمي البشري وفايروس سرطان الغدد اللبنية البشري في المريضات المجراة لهن عملية استئصال الرحم الكامل == Molecular Study Of Human Papilloma Virus And Human Mammary Tumor Virus Infections Of Patients With Total Hysterectomy

Author name: سري ظافر داود العزيز
Supervisor name: سعد حسن محمد علي | بسام شهاب احمد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Theoretically , the origin & mode of in - utero transmission of high risk Human PapillomaVirus (HR - HPV) types could be acquired hematogenously, by semen at fertilization or as asending infection in the genital tract. Viral Oncogenes E6 and E7 have ability to altered the Cyclin D1,p21 and p27 protein levels. Worldwide, Human Mammary Tumor Virus(HMTV) infection been described in hormonal responsive tissues.This research work is to study viruses in relaition to endometrial carcinoma in Iraqi patients.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study envolved seventy(70) cases (158 samples) of endometrial and cervical tissues collected from teaching laboratories in Medical City, Al - Yarmok Teaching Hospital and private laboratories related to the period from 2012 to 2014. Sections were made and subjected to chromogenic in - situ hybridization technique to detect the presence of High risk (HR) HPV 16/18 DNA and HMTV integrated DNA (provirus) and immunohistochemical technique to detect the presence of Cyclin D1,P21and P27.Results : The most commonly affected age group was ? 60 year 60.0% in malignant endometrial tumors, 40 - 49 years 36.0% in non - malignant endometrial tumors. Adenocarcinoma was the only histopathological type among endometrial cancer (100%) and the majority have well differentiated grade (90.0% ),and have (70%) T1b/IB stage.Hight risk HPV16/18 expression was detected 33.3% of malignant endometrial tumors, 20% in non - malignant endometrial tumors, andSUMMARY26.7% in control group. The higher rates of expression of HPV in cervical lesions was 40%.Most HPV16/18 infections revealed in both sites (cervix and endomertium) have Punctate DNA pattern.Cyclin D1 expression was mostly in 43.3% of malignant endometrial tumors and 33.3% was in cervical lesions. The significant correlation between Cyclin D1 expression and HR - HPV16/18 infection was reported only in malignant endometrial tumors groups. The highest P21 expression was 40.0% in malignant endometrial tumors and 44.0% in cervical lesions that reveals a significant association between p21 expression and HR - HPV16/18 infection. The highest rates of P27 expression were noticed among non - malignant endometrial tumors 24.0% and 32.0% in cervical lesions.While significant association of P27 expression with HR - HPV16/18 infection was only found in the cervical lesions among malignant endometrial tumors group.The distribution of integrated HMTV genome detected by Chromogenic in - situ hybridaztion (CISH) in the endometrial tissues was 16.7% in malignant endometrial tumor , 8% in non - malignant endometrial tumors, and 13.3% in the control tissues group while in the cervical lesions HMTV was detected in 13.3%. Significant correlations were found between HMTV infection and Cyclin D1 expression in the cervical lesions among malignant endometrial tumors group and p21 expression in the malignant endometrial tumors.ConclusionsHR - HPV16/18 may be associated with initiation of endometrial carcinogenesis events as well as play a role in the progression of such malignant tumors in addition ,these viruses could ascendingly be transmitted from lower part(cervix) to the upper part of the genital tractSUMMARY(endometrium) in some way or other.Cyclin D1 ,P21,and p27 could have sharing in early events of tumorgenesis in endometrial carcinoma and a significant correlations of Cyclin D1 ,p21& p27 expressions with HPV infection was observed among study group.Althought a relating low rates of HMTV infection were detected among different endometrial as well as cervical lesion in this Iraqi study,it might mark or shade alight in the way for further researches in this field to exposure more aspects of this newly studied virus among other hormonal dependent malignancy

تقييم sFas ligand, sFas وcaspase - 3 في المرضى المصابين بمرض ابيضاض الدم النقياني المزمن == Assessment Of Soluble Fas, Soluble Fas Ligand And Caspase - 3 In Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Author name: سحر راضي ياسر
Supervisor name: ميسون علي سليم | بسام فرنسيس متي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ابيضاض الدم النقياني المزمن هو اضطراب التكاثر النقي النسيلي للخلايا الجذعية ويتميز بواسطة فلادلفيا كروموسوم وهو انتقال متبادل بين كروموسوم 9 و22. الجين المسرطن المتحد الجديد المتولد على كروموسوم 22 كنتيجة للانتقال يسمى BCR - ABL gene. في اغلبية المرضى, هذ | Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of the haemopoietic stem cell, defined by the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) - reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The novel fusion oncogenes generated on chromosome 22 as a result of this translocation are called BCR - ABL gene. In the majority of patients, this oncogene transcribes a 210 - kDa constitutively active protein tyrosine kinase, often referred to as p210BCR - ABL, which is necessary for the transformation of the disease. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) - imatinib mesylate (IM) - marked a major advance in CML treatment in terms of efficacy and tolerability and has now become the first line of therapy. In CML, besides genetic change during which a normal cell is transformed into a malignant one, evasion of apoptosis (programm cell death PCD) is one of the essential changes in a cell that cause malignant transformation. So ‘Evading apoptosis’ has been recognized as one of the six hallmarks of cancers, as reduced apoptosis or its resistance plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. Soluble receptors (sFas) that act as decoys, binding FasL and preventing association with transmembrane Fas. So production of sFas in tumor patients may be a key mechanism to inhibit Fas - mediated apoptosis. Soluble FasL competes with the membrane - bound counterpart; however, it can act even as an antagonist preventing apoptosis induction by the membrane integrated form of the ligand. Recently, caspase - 3 has been demonstrated to play an important role in determining the cellular sensitivity to diverse apoptotic stimuli, also it is involved in a number of non - apoptotic events. So the aims of the study were to estimate the level of serum sFas, sFas ligand & caspase - 3 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia at time of diagnosis (newly diagnosed), then after receiving imatinib myselate treatment with optimal response and compare them with healthy control. It was a prospective study, included 56 Iraqi CML patients (25 were males and 31 were females with Age ranged from 15 - 78 years) attending to Baghdad teaching hospital/hematology department between November 2012 up to June 2013, were categorized by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) for Ph chromosome into two stages, newly diagnosed CML patients (FISH Ph cells result ? 90% ) not received any treatment and optimally treated (complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) = FISH Ph cells result < 1% or by major molecular response (MMoR) = BCR - ABL : ABL ?0.10% by International Scale, on RT - Q - PCR) with imatinib mesylate 400 mg/day at least 1 year. Then used an ELISA technique to assess serum level of sFas, sFas Ligand (sFasL) & Caspase - 3 for each patients of CML, and compared them with 28 apparently healthy volunteers used as control. The controls were age and sex matched with the patients, they were not taken medication and with no history of chronic illness and/or acute infection. As well as, they were nonsmoker and nondrinker. For patients the inclusion criteria including all patients were free of fever and other chronic illness such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and infection; also they had no history of smoking and drinking of alcohol. And the exclusion criteria including patients suffering from any chronic, debilitating disease and other blood disorders were not taken.The observed results revealed the following : ? Patients were included in the study, male : female ratio was 0.8 : 1with mean age 42.6± 14.0.? The mean± SD serum of sFas levels (pg/ml) for the newly diagnosed and optimally responded of CML was 1163.6±231.5 and 1021.7±360.6 respectively.? The mean± SD serum of sFas Ligand levels (pg/ml) for the newly diagnosed and optimally responded of CML was 216.9±165.7 and 147.7±91 respectively. ? The median serum of Caspase - 3 (ng/ml) for the newly diagnosed and optimally treated cases was 0.421 and 0.361 respectively. ? The mean± SD serum of sFas and sFas Ligand levels (pg/ml) for the healthy group was 970.1±361.7, 152.5±98 consequently. The median serum of Caspase - 3 (ng/ml) for the healthy group was 0.314.? Serum sFas level was increased in newly diagnosed compare with optimal responder and healthy control group. Also serum sFas level in optimal responder group was increase when compared with healthy control group. The differences observed were no statistical significance (P=0.09).? Serum sFasL level was increased in newly diagnosed patients of CML when compared with optimal responder and healthy control group. But serum sFasL level in optimal responder group was decreased when compared with healthy control group. The differences observed were non statistical significance (P=0.07).? Serum Caspase - 3 level showed statistically significant (P ?0.001) increase in newly diagnosed when compared with healthy control group. While it was in optimal responder group was statistically increased (not significant P=0.13) when compared with healthy control group. And its level was increased in newly diagnosed compare with responder group which was statistically significant (P= 0.04).Finally, this study concluded that increase in sFas and sFas Ligand &Caspase - 3 in newly diagnosed CML patients compared with optimally and healthy control groups. Also concluded that Caspase - 3 was a good confirmed test to diagnose newly CML cases

دور بعض المؤشرات الالتهابية المختارة في البول وبروتينات خلية البودوسايت عند مرضى اعتلال الكلية السكري == The Role Of Selected Urinary Inflammatory Markers On Podocyte In Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

Author name: داليا محمود خلف
Supervisor name: رفيف صبيح الشوك | عصام نوري الكروي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اعتلال الكلية السكري هو السبب الرئيسي للمرض الكلوي المزمن وويرتبط ذلك مع زيادة وفيات مرضى القلب والاوعية الدموية. التعريف الكلاسيكي لاعتلال الكلية السكري هو زيادة افراز البروتين في البول. وتتميز المرحلة المبكرة للمرض عن طريق زيادة صغيرة في افراز الزلا | Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic renal disease. It is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. The DN has been classically defined as increased protein excretion in urine. Early stage is characterized by a small increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE), also called microalbuminuria or incipient DN. More advanced disease is defined by the presence of macroalbuminuria or proteinuria. The latter is classically named overt DN.This study was planned with the aim of evaluate the levels of urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein - 1(MCP - 1), interleukin (IL - 18), Osteopontin and Nephrin at diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with the parameters in Iraqi type 2 diabetic subjects and to explore the impact of albuminuria and duration of the diabetes on fine glomerular architecture using podocyte injury related marker (Nephrin) in urine. This may explore the more specific, and sensitive early biomarkers for nephropathy in diabetic patients and could help the physicians in controlling the occurrence of renal failure.Sixty Iraqi type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the National Diabetes Center for Treatment and Research at Al - Mustansiriyah University during the period October 2014 - June 2017 were recruited for this study. For the purpose of comparison, 20 control subjects matched for age, gender and ethnic background were also included. The patients and controls were characterized in family history of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy groups divide by used Albumin to creatinine ratio. The patients were also assessed for duration of disease, fasting serum glucose, and serum creatinine and blood urea.The mean urinary level of MCP - 1 (15.38±15.50 vs. 6.10±7.23pg/ml) and IL - 18 (35.90±16.67 vs. 23.55±12.67pg/ml) and osteopontin (337.15±257.06 vs. 174.11±183.65ng/ml) and nephrin (100.01±88.66 vs. 52.23±19.61ng/ml) were significantly higher in T2DM patients as compared to controls.The mean levels of urinary MCP - 1, uIL - 18 and osteopontin in macroalbuminurea group of patients were significantly higher than those in normoalbumine ( p < 0.008, p< 0.0001 and p< 0.03 respectively), and only of the Nephrin in the normoalbuminurea group of patients showed significant increased level as compared to the controls (52.23±19.61 vs.75.05±37.8 ng/ml) (p<0.022).The duration of disease showed an increase in mean of urinary level for all the markers MCP - 1, IL - 18, osteopontin and nephrin (17.01±18.09 vs. 19.76±21.30 pg/ml, 29.24±15.98 vs. 42.98±17.25pg/ml, 321.1±291.05 vs. 409.05±210.0ng/ml, 99.40±48.40 vs. 79.21±44.23 ng/ml) respectively, in late duration of disease as compared with early duration of disease except in Nephrin showed the early duration of disease higher than the late duration of disease (99.40±48.40 vs. 79.21±44.23), although the differences were not significant.The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for all markers MCP - 1, IL - 18, Osteopontin and Nephrin levels (MCP - 1 = 0.72, IL - 18 = 0.71, Osteopontin =0.70 and Nephrin =0.72) for early diagnosis and detection of DN revealed that the cut - off value of uMCP - 1 was 6.23 pg/mg with 70% sensitivity and 75% specificity; whereas, the cut - off value of u IL - 18 pg/ml was 23.69 ng/mg with 80% sensitivity and 59% specificity and Nephrin was 49.5 ng/ml with 78% sensitivity and 55% specificity. uOsteopontin was 182 ng /ml with 68% sensitivity and 69% specificity.The linear correlation revealed a significant positive linear correlation between urinary MCP - 1, IL - 18, Nephrin and A : C ratio, also showed a significant negative linear correlation between urinary MCP - 1, IL - 18, osteopontin and GFR.In conclusion the Nephrin may be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker a for the early detection and progression of diabetic nephropathy while the uMCP - 1, uIL - 18 and uOsteopontine may be considered as potential prognostic biomarkers for the diabetic nephropathy. The duration of disease also affect investigated biomarkers suggesting the long term effect of hyperglycemia

تقدير مستويات السايتوكينات (الحركيات الخلوية) المولدة للالتهاب والمضادة للالتهاب لدى مرضى فصال العظام في الركبة قبل وبعد الحقن بالبلازما الغنية بالصفيحات الدموية == Estimation Of Pro - Inflammatory And Anti - Inflammatory Cytokines In Patients With Knee Osteoarthrosis Before And After Injection With Platelets - Rich Plasma (Prp)

Author name: حسنين خضير عبد العباس
Supervisor name: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | سامر محمد رضا عنون | زيد وجيه رؤوف الشهواني
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التهاب العظام والمفاصل Osteoarthrosis)) او فصال العظام او ما يعرف بالاسم الشائع السوفان هو مرض يحدث في غضروف المفصل الذي يعمل على عدم احتكاك عظام المفصل ,مما يؤدي الى تقليل هذه الحماية ضد الاحتكاك فتصبح حركة المفصل بها خشونة ومصحوبة بالالام عند استخدام ا | Osteoarthrosis (OA) are defined as a progressive architecture destruction of the joints compared to slow healing of these joints which leads to reduce protection against degeneration and the movement of the joint is associated with by the roughness and accompanied by pain when using the joint. Often this disease affect the knee joint, it may affect any other joint in the body, especially those that carry weights such as leg hinges the pelvis, elbow and spine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of platelets - rich plasma injection in osteoarthritis knee and the estimation of the biological and immunological markers associated with the treatment. This study involved 50 patients suffering from inflammation of the knee joint under supervision of speiclist of orthopedic ,most of these patients attended Al - Shaheed Firooz hospital in wasit Governorate and specialty private clinics of orthopedic and Rheumatology in the district during the period from April 2015 until October 2015.The age of patients was about 35 - 65 years; 31 females and 19 males with 25 healthy matching group. All patients were injected into the knee joint by a specialist physician with two injections during two months with platelets - rich plasma (PRP)after its preparation from the same patient's blood in sterile conditions. This was done after the signing of the patient or one of his relatives on the written consent to conduct the injection process after explaining and clarifying the principle of injection and the purpose. The level of pain of patients group was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The enzyme linked immunnosorbant assay ELISA method to determine the level of some of cytokines in serum of patients group (interleukin - 1beta, tumor necrosis factor - alpha,IL - 10,IL - 8 and Transforming growth factor - B1) in addition to measuring the concentration of C - Reactive protein (CRP).The rate of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was also estimated. All were done to all patients groups before and after injections with PRP in addition to healthy group. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between males and females (54.5±1.2 males, 53.2±2.1 females). The study showed significant decrease in the mean of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of patients before and after two months of injections with (PRP) 8.46 ± 0.104, 5.98 ± 0.129, , respectively, with highly significant differences (P=000.0) , also the study showed that there was no significant differences in VAS between age groups (30?s, 40?s, 50?s , 60?s) before and after injections with PRP (7.5,8.0 ,8.38 ,9.05), (5.0,5.55,5.69,6.7) respectively. The study also showed a difference in the mean for inflammatory marker C. Reactive protein concentration before and after injections with PRP 7.156± 0.328 µg/ml, 5.384± 0.196 respectively, in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000).The study also showed a difference in the mean of ESR before and after injections with PRP (35.66± 0.879 mm/1hr, 23.7±0.856) respectively, with in comparison with healthy group highly significant differences (P=0.000).The mean of Interleukin 1 - Beta(IL - 1?) was decline after injections with PRP from 13.220±0.295, pg/ml to 9.622 ± 0.273 pg/ml in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). Also a decline in the mean of Tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF - ?) after injections with PRP from 62.384±0.927 pg/ml to 55.36 ± 1.121 pg/ml in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). The study also demonstrates a decrease in the mean of Interleukin - 8 (IL - 8) before and after injections with PRP (41.092±0.808 pg/ml, 35.93 ± 0.813pg/ml) respectively in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). An increase in the mean of Interleukin - 10(IL - 10) after injections with PRP from 5.108±0.291 pg/ml to 6.734±0.330pg/ml, in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). The final parameter in this study was demonstrated an increase in the mean of Transforming growth factor - ?1 (TGF - ?1) before and after injections with PRP (111.544±6.960, 149.212±7.540pg/ml) respectively in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). Association was obtained between VAS score and C. RP as well as ESR after treatment. PRP treatment also has an impact on increasing the level of anti - inflammatory IL - 10 and TGF - ?1 on one side and the decreasing level of pro - inflammatory IL - 1?, TNF - ?,IL - 8 (catabolic marker) on the other side these results suggest the inhibition of catabolic process demonstrated by reducing of VAS scores and the efficacy of effectiveness plasma rich platelets (PRP) treatment of osteoarthrosis.

دراسة التعبير المناعي النسيجي الكيميائي لبعض المعلمات المناعية في مختلف درجات سرطان البروستات == Study The Immunohistochemical Expression Of Some Immunological Markers In Different Grades Of Prostate Cancer

Author name: حسن هادي زريج
Supervisor name: زينب فاضل عاشور | وسن عبد الاله باقر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer related death among males worldwide. Prostate cancer developed in prostate , a gland that is located below the bladder and just in front of rectum.Inflammation is a fundamental physiological process that can arise in any tissue in response to traumatic, infectiousor autoimmune injury. Transforming growth factor beta one (TGF - ?I) is a potential regulator of prostate cancer cell growth that signals through a heteromeric complex composed of type I and type II receptors.TGF - ?R II is an important receptor , because TGF - ? bind to receptor II to initiate it's signaling, then receptor II recruits receptor I to initiate signal transduction. Interleukin - 17 (IL - 17) is a pro - inflammatory cytokine produced by T - helper 17 (Th17) cells contributes toboth the processes by playing a dual role in the antitumor immunity. On one hand, IL - 17 encourages an antitumor cytotoxic T cell response leading to tumor regression. On the other hand, by promoting angiogenesis and egress of tumor cells from the primary focus, so IL - 17 promotes tumor growth.This study was carried out to establish the correlation between expression of Transforming growth factor beta one(TGF - ?I), Transforming growth factor beta receptor one (TGF - ?RI) and Transforming growth factor beta receptor two (TGF - ?RII) and prostate cancer progression. Also to establish the role of IL - 17 in prostate cancer development.The study consisted of 16 patients with poorly differentiated malignancy (PDM) ,whose age ranged (48 - 89) years, with mean age of (71.2) years , and 25 patients with moderately differentiated malignancy(MDM) , whose age ranged (31 - 83) years , with mean age of (66.6) years , and 46 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) , whose age ranged (27 - 85) years , with mean age of (64.3) years. Allpatients were diagnosed surgically by consultant physicians in Baghdad hospital for specialist surgeries , Al - Yarmook teaching hospital ,as well as AL - Hilla teaching hospital , and 20 normal tissue sample taken from cadaver, whose age ranged (17 - 28) years , with mean age of (21.8) years , where chosen as a control group. The work was conducted in Iraqi center for cancer and medical genetic researches. The study were performed during the period from March 2014 to December 2014).Immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was used to detect the level of expression of TGF - ?I , TGF - ?RI , TGF - ?RII and IL - 17 protein in tissues of patients and healthy control groups.The current study revealed that there was significant difference in mean levels of TGF - ?I protein expression between each of poorly and moderately differentiated malignancy compared with healthy control subjects with P - value of 0.001 , but there was no significant difference in mean level of TGF - ?Iprotein expression between benign prostatic hyperplasia and healthy control subjects with P - value of 0.398. Also there was no significant difference between poorly and moderately differentiated malignancy in mean level of TGF - ?I protein expression.TGF - ?R1 protein was expressed in 3 (18.7%) and 14 (56%) of poorly and moderately differentiated malignancy respectively , with weak immunostaining reaction was the most frequent score. There was significant difference in mean level of TGF - ?RI protein expression among all studied groups. TGF - ?RII protein was expressed in 6 (37.5%) and 22 (88%) of poorly and moderately differentiated malignancy respectively ,with weak immunostaining reaction was the most frequent score. There was significant difference in mean level of TGF - ?RII protein expression among all studied groups.IL - 17 immunohistochemical expression was detected in tissues of all studied groups , the results showed that moderate immunostaining reaction was the most frequent score among them. There was significant difference in mean levels of IL - 17 protein expression among all studied groups.We concluded that there was statistically significant association between the loss ofexpression of TGF - ?1 signaling receptors, especially TGF - ?RI, andincreasing grades of malignancy in prostate cancer. These resultssuggest a potential mechanism for prostate cancer cells toescape the growth inhibitory effect of TGF - ? and thus, leadingto a more malignant phenotype.

دراسة التنميط الجيني لفيروس الSEN في متبرعي الدم الاصحاء ومرضى الثلاسيميا المصابين وغير المصابين بفيروس التهاب الكبد نمط ج واهميته السريرية == Genotypic Study Of SEN Virus In Healthy Blood Donors And Thalassemia Patients; With Or Without HCV Infection And Its Clinical Importance

Author name: بشار منذر خزعل الزبيدي
Supervisor name: اروى هادي الحمداني | اشنا جمال فائق
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Blood transfusion is one of the most common routes of viral hepatitis transmission among population. There are several diseases need continuous blood transfusions to manage the patient's condition; one of these diseases is ?thalassemia, so these patients are at increased risk of infection with blood transfusion transmitted agents. SEN - Virus is a DNA virus which is associated with acute post - transfusion hepatitis and the prevalence with the clinical importance and also the genetic characterization are still much unknown in Iraq; therefore, this study was designed to investigate the occurrence and the clinical importance of SEN - virus infection in healthy blood donors and thalassemia patients with or without HCV infection and then the study of the genome sequencing and the phylogenetic analysis of SEN - V clones. One hundred and fifty eight thalassemia patients (57.6% male, 42.4% female), with mean age of 16.8±8.5 year, and one hundred and fifty healthy blood donors with randomly selected persons (58.7%male, 41.3% female), with mean age of 16.7±8.6 year. All these samples involved in this study that were conducted in the period between January to June 2015. SEN - V had been identified by DNA extraction, DNA amplification by nested conventional PCR and then Agarose gel electrophoresis amplified DNA bands detection; while HCV was identified by RNA extraction, RNA reverse transcription into complementary DNA, DNA amplification by nested conventional PCR and then Agarose gel electrophoresis amplified DNA bands detection. Liver transaminases (Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase) were determined, in addition of measure of serum ferritin levels by VIDAS. SEN - V was detected in 68 out of 158 (43%) thalassemia patients and 16 out of 150 (10.7%) blood donors. HCV prevalence was (11.4%) in thalassemia patients. There was significant increase observed in the occurrence of SEN - V or HCV infection with age but there was no significant difference observed in the occurrence of both with gender. The most important (hepatotropic) SEN - V genotypes were SEN - V - D and SEN - V - H and there were patients infected with D genotype or H genotype alone, while there were patients co - infected with D and H. According to HCV and SEN - V co - infection status, patients and controls subdivided into six subgroups : subgroup I was thalassemia HCV RNA + and SENV DNA +, subgroup II was thalassemia HCV RNA + and SEN - V - , subgroup III was thalassemia HCV RNA - and SEN - V DNA +, subgroup IV was thalassemia HCV RNA - and SEN - V - , subgroup V was control SEN - V + and finally subgroup VI was control SEN - V - . Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant increase in AST and ALT levels in subgroup I when compared with the other subgroups - that showed the increasing relationship in the case of infection with both viruses - and there were no any significant differences in ferritin levels among these subgroups. Moreover, there were no significant differences between SEN - V - D, SEN - V - H and SEN - V - D and H co - infected samples in AST, ALT and ferritin among thalassemia patients and controls. The results from the study of gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of samples of amplified SEN - V - D and samples of amplified SEN - V - H DNA which were selected randomly from blood donors and thalassemia patients infected with D or H genotypes alone or together (co - infection), revealed that the most transmission route of SEN - V D and H was blood transfusion that is because there was (99%) gene similarity between blood donors and thalassemia patients, furthermore SEN - V - D or SEN - V - H sequences of the co - infected persons were the same sequences of D or H genotypes alone and with the observations of similarity with neighboring countries.

Immunological Status Of Seminal Plasma For Bodybuilders On Androgenic Anabolic Steroid Hormones == Immunological Status Of Seminal Plasma For Bodybuilders On Androgenic Anabolic Steroid Hormones

Author name: Anwar M. Rasheed Abdulhussein
Supervisor name: Dr.Abduladheem Y. Abbood AL.Barra
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicine
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Exercises done by bodybuilder have great benefit for the general health and muscle size and performance. Anabolic androgenic steroid hormones are commonly used by bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and strength depending on its mode of action to increase the level of nitrogen retention in muscle, insulin like growth factor IGF - 1 increase in muscle tissue and seminal fluid. IGF - 1 responsible for Cell proliferation, growth and inhibiting apoptosis activity. Also AAS generally has an immunmodulatory impact on cytokines interactions as well as infertility. This study was designed to estimate the changes in cytokines in seminal plasma, sperm count in the seminal fluid and estimation of testosterone concentration in serum due to the impact of androgenic anabolic steroids hormones in bodybuildrs. Eighty male volunteers their age groups are ranging from 21 - 35 years. They were divided into three groups; the first group 27 age matched volunteers apparently healthy (healthy control group) , Second group 27 bodybuilders players attending the sport club with androgen anabolic steroid hormone abuse (AAS) (steroid group), and the third group 26 bodybuilder players attending this sport club in Baghdad without AAS uptake (fitness group ). A blood sample and seminal fluid were obtained from each individual involved in this study. Blood, serum and seminal plasma were prepared from these samples were obtained and applied for estimation of testosterone level by using enzyme immuno - florescent technology. Anti - sperm Ab test by heamo - aglutenation method was used to exclude the positive cases from this study.Heparinized blood was used for estimation of neutrophil phagocytic activity Sperm count was done for each seminal fluid sample, cytokines were estimated by sandwich ELISA method, in seminal plasma, these cytokines are IL - 6, IL - 10,IL17a,TNF - ? and INF - ?. The bodybuilders with AAS uptake showed a significant reduction in sperm count (P=0.00), fitness group sperm count showed slight nonsignificant decrease compared to healthy control group (P=0.7). Serum testosterone level in the AAS uptake group showed a significant decline compared with fitness and healthy control groups (P= 0.00). Exercise alone increases the level of IL - 6 (P=0.00), while exercise with AAS uptake decreases the level of IL - 6 (P=0.06). The fitness group showed highly significant increases in TNF alpha (P =0. 00). IL - 10 as an anti - inflammatory cytokine shows a high level in the AAS uptake group compared to the healthy group (0.04). IL - 17 as an inflammatory cytokine showed high significant increase in steroid group and fitness group (P=0.00), which indicate that both exercises with and without AAS uptake increases the level of IL - 17 secretion(P= 0.02) separately or in combination. Phagocytosis of AAS uptake group showed a highly significant decline (P= 0.00).The correlation results showed that there is a complex network interactions between the studied cytokines. The Phagocytic activity of the AAS uptake group showed a strong correlation with both IL - 6 and IL - 10 levels. IL - 10 as a suppresser cytokine has a significant correlation with TNF - alpha, INF - gamma and IL - 17A while, IL - 10 showed a negative correlation with IL - 6. IL - 17 which act as an inflammatory cytokine has a significant correlation with all cytokines except IL6 and phagocytic activity. Generally seminal plasma cytokine network may be under the effect of immune regulation mechanism and cytokine inactions as well as, the impact of steroids uptakes. In general the final impact of AAS uptake on bodybuilders immunity are declining in phagocytosis and an increase in IL - 10 which act as suppressor to the Th1 immune response and increase of IL - 17 which has a role in increasing the inflammatory response so, these results suggest that AAS abuse players may be more liable for infection and decrease in sperm count which may cause temporary or permanent infertility.

دراسة المقاومة المتعددة للمضادات الحيوية لعصيات التدرن لدى مرضى التدرن الرئوي == A Study On Drug Resistance Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Author name: انمار ليث طالب الحسني
Supervisor name: عامر رشيد النجار | احمد اسمر منخي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر عزلات جراثيم التدرن المقاومه للادوية من المشاكل الرئيسية في معالجة مرضى التدرن حول العالم. , ولاهميته اجريت هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء اكثر حول الحساسيه الدوائية بواسطة الطرق المختبرية التقليدية وعلى الوسط الصلب ومقارنته مع الطرق التشخيصية المختبرية ا | Drug resistant tuberculosis remained as major problems in the treatment of tuberculosis patients in the world. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate drug susceptibility testing (DST) by classical methods on solid media as compared with advance and molecular Laboratory diagnostic methods (Bactec MGIT 960 and GeneXpert MTB - RIF ). The study included the estimation of the first line anti - TB drugs, including (Rifampicin,Isonizid,Streptomycin and Etambutol) by solid media (Lowenstein - Jensen medium) and Bactec MGIT 960 system. In addition, the use of rapid molecular diagnostic method by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Seventy five TB patients attending the National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis /medical city - Baghdad from December 2015 to June 2016 were included in this study. Patients were classified into two main groups : selected MDR patients, which were referred from different hospitals and health respiratory center in Iraq, represented 46 in order to compare different laboratory methods to detect of DST isolates, while 29 were randomly isolated and identified , the study matched by age and gender were also included. This study revealed that the drug resistance tuberculosis to Rifampicin was 47 (62.7%), Isonizid 41 (54.7%), Streptomycin 42 (56.0%) and Ethambutol 38 (50.7%). Respectively , on the golden stander in which solid media were used.The molecular and advance technique (GeneXpert and Bactec MGIT 960) as applied to estimation of drug resistance tuberculosis, the results of drug susceptibility testing (DST), as showed highly sensitivity and Accuracy, when compared with golden stander( LJ media) especially in detected of primary drugs (Rifampicin and Isoniazid) and showed lower sensitivity and accuracy to detected of the secondary drugs (Streptomycin and Ethambutol). The Multiple drug resistance (MDR - TB) case from selective samples was found to be almost similar to that found in other countries of the middle east and other regions in the world. While in the randomly identified samples, the rate of MDR - TB was lower than the referred (previously treated) cases.The GeneXpert MTB - RIF system is rapid molecular methods that used in many countries to identify of MTB and Rifampicin detected during 2 hours only, that used in this study. The high Rifampicin resistance and other drugs of local isolates could be due to abuse of the drug,defaulter and relapse of retreating cases (previously treated).

دراسة التنميط الجيني لفيروس تي تي في مرضى الثلاسيميا المصابين وغير المصابين بفيروس التهاب الكبد نمط ج

Author name: ابتسام نايف عودة الجبالي
Supervisor name: اروى هادي الحمداني
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ما زال الكثيرون لا يعرفون الاهمية السريرية لفيروس تي تي الذى رشح كاحد فايروسات التهاب الكبد انماط A - G)).ان فيروس تي تي يصيب المرضى المعرضين لخطر الحقن ونقل الدم المتكرر، كما في المرضى المصابين بفقر دم البحر الابيض المتوسط(? - Thalassemia major). تمت هذة | Much is still unknown about the clinical significance of TT virus (TTV) that has been reported as a candidate for non A - G hepatitis virus. TTV infects patients at risk for parenteral exposure and chronic blood transfusion, such as those with ? - thalassemia major. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and clinical importance of TTV infection in thalassemia patients with or without hepatitis C virus (HCV) co - infection, furthermore to sequence and analyse phylogentic of TTV clones.One hundred fifty four thalassemia patients (64.3% male, 35.7% female) with a mean age of 23.8±6.8 years were involved in this study that was conducted in the period between Feb. to Dec. 2013. TTV DNA was detected using Real time PCR. Furthermore, conventional PCR was done for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using N22 region from open reading frame 1 (ORF1). Anti - HCV antibody was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot. Then, HCV core antigen was detected in those anti - HCV Abs seropositive samples. Liver transaminases (ALT, AST) were determined, in addition to measure serum ferritin levels by VIDAS ferritin. TTV was detected in 45 of 154 (29.2%) of thalassemia patients with predominance of males than females (64.4% vs. 35.6%). The prevalence rate of anti - HCV Abs were 54.5% with significant increase in females than males (p<0.05).Out of these 84 samples, 59 (70.2%) were positive by HCV core Ag assay and related significantly to frequency of blood transfusion. According to HCV and TTV infection status, patients were categorized into six groups : Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core Ag + TTV+, Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core Ag + TTV - , Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core Ag - TTV+, Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core - TTV - , Anti - HCVAb - TTV+, Anti - HCVAb - TTV - . The increased levels of ALT, AST and ferritin in the HCV and TTV infected group were not significantly different from those in the TTV and HCV negative groups. Co - infection of TTV and HCV were significantly increase ALT levels compared to infection with HCV alone. No association of TTV infection was found with gender, age and frequency of blood transfusion.The results of genotyping in 12 randomly selected patients showed the presence of equal percentage of genotype 1 (G1) and genotype 2 (G2) 50% for each one, with homology between them 79.0%. Other TTV genotypes were not identified in the present study suggesting that G1and G2 are predominant in this area. Mixed infection of the same patient with multiple TTV genotypes was observed. The results concluded that TTV is moderately present in Iraqi thalassemia patients, with G1 and G2 were predominant. Patients co - infected with HCV and TTV had a significantly higher serum ALT level than those without TTV infection, so TTV infection is suggested to have a role in increasing the severity of liver diseases in the thalassemia patients when co - infected with HCV.

اثر مجمع تعليمي في تحصيل طلبة قسم التربية الفنية في مادة فنون الاطفال == The Effect of An Teaching Modul In The Students Achievement of The Department of Art Education In ' Children Arts' Subject

Author name: سالم صدام حواس
Supervisor name: فراس علي حسن الكناني
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي الى الكشف عن (اثر مجمع تعليمي في تحصيل طلبة قسم التربية الفنية في مادة فنون الاطفال)، ولغرض التحقق من هدف البحث تم صياغة الفرضية الصفرية الاتية : - ? لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية (التي تدرس باستعمال ا | The current research aims to detect (the impact of an educational complex in the collection of the students in the Department of Art Education material kids arts), for the purpose of verification of the aim of the research was the formulation of the null hypothesis of the following : - There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group differences (taught using educational complex) and the control group (which is studying the method according to the lecture) Article kids arts at the level of significance (0.05) in the post - test knowledge. Identify current research using educational complex, the material prepared by the kids arts researcher by relying on the opinions of experts and literature own article, and was six educational topics. Limited sample of the research on students Phase II / Mustansiriya University / core / Department of Art Education / Faculty of Education, the morning of the study, was chosen as the research sample Qsidia, as the number of sample students reached (60) students, 30 of them in the experimental group and (30) in the control group, was keen researcher on equal groups in some of the variables that may have an impact on them of the variable (age, sex, educational attainment, previous experience) researcher has chosen experimental design for the two Pachtbarren me and after me. Promising researcher cognitive test has been achieved from the virtual honesty and sincerity content after his presentation to a group of experts in the field (teaching methods of art education and the Measurement and Evaluation). After collecting the data were processed statistically using after the end of the experiment (samples t - test t.test). Results of the experiment showed superiority of the experimental group which studied the way the educational complex on the control group, who studied in the usual way (the lecture) for the same substance, which led to the rejection of the hypothesis of the research. In light of the current search results researcher recommended a set of recommendations, including : Use of the educational complex in teaching the material. As a complement to this research, a development researcher has suggested several proposals, including : conducting similar studies to study the stages of study materials and other stages majoring in art education

اثر انموذج كمب في تحصيل طلبة كلية التربية الاساسية في مادة طرائق تدريس التربية الفنية == The Effect of Kemp Samplle On Achiievement of Basiic Educatiion Collllege Students Iin The Subjject of Art Educatiion Methods

Author name: نور عادل خطاب عزة عريبي
Supervisor name: رغد زكي غياض الحسني
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The current research aims to identify the impact of camp model ( or design ) on the methods of art education teaching of the college of basic education students. And in order to achieve the research target , the researcher chose a design of a partial adjustment using two groups , one is experiential and the other is standard. The researcher identified the College of Basic Education / Department of Art Education fourth stage as a place to conduct the experiment ,the fourth stage contained two halls only , hall (2) was selected randomly to represent the experimental group that studied according to camp design which contained 40 students after excluding the failing ones , hall (1) was selected to represent the standard group that used the traditional method in studying which contained 40 students after excluding the failing ones.The researcher matched between the two groups statistically through the adjustment of the variables of chronological age , the education attainment of parents and the previous scientific knowledge.And in order to measure up the results of two groups for the second semester of 2013 - 2014 in the subject of ( the methods of art education teaching ) taught by the researcher ,The researcher prepared study test consisted of 41 test items ,20 items of objective type ) choose from many ) and an essay question ?? and 20 items true &false distributed among the four levels of Bloom's classification (knowledge ,comprehension, application, analyses ).CAnd in order to analyze the results statistically, the researcher used (T - Test) that showed the existence of a statistical difference between the two groups degrees for the benefit of the experimental group students used camp sample at level (0,05).The most important results of the research were, promote some skills among students, provide nourishing opportunities for the students to make them closely acquainted with the strong and weak sides of performance, It also depends on the self - learning (personal knowledge ) and this in turn leads to better results in education.The study presented some recommendations and suggestions such as the issuance of teachers guide about the usage of modern scientific samples , especially camp sample or model.The following are the most important suggestions : 1 - The use of camp model in the rest of educational stages.2 - To adopt camp model in designing of the specialized Education Curriculum for the Department of Art Education3 - A comparative study between camp sample and other educational model in motivating learners toward skillful learning.

بناء مقياس مصور للسلوك العدواني لتلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية بعمر 8 - 7 سنوات للحد من استخدام الالعاب الصغيرة == Design And Implementation of Image Tracker Algorithm Based On Matlab

Author name: مهند عبد كيطان
Supervisor name: غازي صالح محمود
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Physical Education
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Trithm is designed to serve two consecutive surveillance stations, in the first station; a pre - recorded video is used to select a vehicle of interest, interac - tively by an operator. The morphological properties of selected vehicle are to be transmitted to the following station and used to recognize the selected vehicle.When the objects pass in front of the second camera viewing area, the algorithm compares between each object?s measured property element and the corresponding received one from previous station. When all proper - ty elements agree to within an absolute tolerance, the object is declared a matching one by bounding it with a red box and showing its path in dotted red line. This treatment continues until the object exits the second camera viewing area (being outside the region of interest, ROI). Tracking process in the second station is performed in an on - line manner, as there is no pre - tracking data.A fixed camera has been considered for motion detection. By sub - tracting the background model from current image, the difference image of variant pixels is generated. Otsu's thresholding method has been used to find a suitable threshold to filter out the camera noise and to determine the sensitivity of motion detection. Morphological operations have been used to improve the segmentation results.Compensation for digital camera's white - balance algorithm has been used (subtracting image mean value) prior to generating difference image. This treatment has satisfyingly enhanced the segmentation operation. Moreover, using Euler number as a feature of a connected area, and adjust - ing the morphological operation sequence to be (close, thicken) combina - tion, has greatly enhanced recognition process; since thicken operation pre - serves Euler number, and hence keeping an important object feature.Adding salt and pepper noise to video frames has shown rather high algorithm sensitivity against noise, since it (the noise) directly affects con - nected area features, such as area and Euler number; 5 percent of noise has reduced hit ratio to about zero percent.The time performance three detection algorithms, namely temporal differencing, fixed background, and Gaussian mixture models, has been tested for a video of (120 x 160) pixels frame - size. For computational cheapness, the fixed background algorithm (which is based on taking the first captured empty video frame as a background) has been adopted in this thesis.

بناء وتقنين بطارية اختبار (بدنية - حركية - مهارية) لانتقاء لاعبي الكرة الطائرة في المنطقة الجنوبية باعمار (10 - 11سنة) == Building And Standard Battery Test (Physical - Kinetic - Skill) To Select Volleyball Players In The Southern Region of The Ages (10 - 11 Years

Author name: محمد عدنان هاشم الهاشمي
Supervisor name: علي سلمان عبد الطرفي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Volleyball
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الانتقاء المبكر هو الاساس في بناء الاندية والمنتخبات ولكي يسير في طريقه الصحيح لابد له من الاستعانة بالاختبارات والقياس ليكونا المعيار والاساس الذي يستند عليه عند الكشف عن قدرات المبتدئين وامكاناتهم, وصولا الى نقطة جوهرية هي تحديد مستوياتهم البدني | The early selection is the basis of building clubs and teams, and in order to be in the right way it is essential to use testing and measurement to be the standard and the foundation which bases upon the detection capabilities of novices and their potential to reach the essential point which determines the levels of physical and motor skills in volleyball players for ages (10 - 11 years) based on scientific bases away from improvisation and randomized by the adoption of these capabilities, as an accurate indicator for the selection as it represents the importance of these variables for each game including volleyball. The problem of the research is how to select players from school teams and national centers for caring the talent sports for volleyball in the southern region, which is a part of the foundation of the national teams and sports clubs depends on the subjective experience of the workers or their dependence on anthropometry only, without depended on scientific standards and reliable tests. selecting people unsuitable for the game leads to lose of effort and money. Thus, to develop appropriate solutions that are important in building and rationing battery test (Physical - Kinetic - Skill) that have been used to select volleyball players in this ages (10 - 11 years) as an indicator of the level of the players in order to select qualified players with high preparations of the physical and motor skills and to achieve high Achievements. The aims of the study is to build a battery of physical , kinetic , and skill tests that represent final factors for selection volleyball players for ages (10 - 11 years) and develop their standard levels. To achieve these goals, descriptive approach have been used by survey and correlation standarised relations to fit the nature of the problem. The sample of the research included (190) Player (10 - 11 year) from volleyball players represent care centers for talent of sports and players of the departments of education in the southern region distributors on three region (Maysan, Basra, Samawah). The Statistical analysis of the obtained data carried out, including the matrix correlation coefficients for all variables and factor of analysis by the basic components using orthogonal rotation. It named each factor which has been accepted , discussed and clarified the method of nomination of tests to represent the final battery of physical, motor ,and skill tests. The most important conclusions that resulted from this study : 1. The battery tests are suitable for the selection of volleyball players in the southern region aged (10 - 11 years).2. The capabilities of explosive power , speed of the transition , spatial accuracy and transmission in volleyball are the most important of physical, motor, and skill indicators that the players of the volleyball in the southern region aged (10 - 11 years) must characterize. 3. The battery tests is characterized by theirs selective goal, and making it easier for testers to understand the instructions, whether applied to them individually or in groups4. The battery tests are important tests that undergo to sufficient studies to extract the foundations and scientific transactions and factor analysis.5. The battery tests characterized by the achievement of results for the levels of the normal standard distribution and acceptable.6. The tests for volleyball players in the southern region (10 - 11 years old) allowed clubs and schools identify the levels of the standard because they are easily to interpret.

اثر استخدام اسلوب التعلم الاتقاني في تعلم بعض انواع التهديف بكرة اليد == The Effect of Using Perfection Education - Strategy In Teaching Some of The Scoring Skills In Handball

Author name: علي يونس حسين سالم المحمداوي
Supervisor name: اسماعيل عبد زيد عاشور الكرعاوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان اختيار الاسلوب الامثل في تعلم اي مهارة هو الذي يحقق لنا النتائج المطلوبة ويضمن نقل اثر التعلم الايجابي بين الانواع المراد تعلمها والذي يتناسب مع المستوى العمري ومدى صعوبة المهارة المراد تعلمها. وان استخدام اسلوب التعلم الاتقاني يعني الوصول بالمجموعة ال | This included the door on the front and the importance of research.The selection of the optimum technique in learning any skill is to achieve our desired results and ensures the transfer between the positive impact of learning skills to be learned and that fits with the age level and how difficult skill to be learned. And that the use of the Platform means learning Alatghani access group educated to a degree of perfection in learning and performance before moving on to learn other skills more complex and difficult. This included the door the importance of research, and his problem, and objectives, and homework, and the fields and which (human domain, the domain temporal, spatial domain).Part II : Turning researcher in this section to two axes : Axis I : theoretical studies and interconnected, and included theoretical studies (strategic, Alatghani learning, skills scoring the ball). Axis II : Studies interconnected, and included (study Majid Khalil (2012), a study Iyad Mohammed Shit (1994), a study Yassin Abdel - Halim (2012)).Part III : This included a chapter research methodology, as used researcher experimental approach, and selected research sample randomly and number (81) students from the first grade average of secondary - Mutanabbi, and deliberately researcher to parity side of knowledge and skills, and knowledge of research tools and procedures to identify the skills, and tests and experience exploratory and conditions for scientific achievement tests knowledge and skills in terms of the (honesty, consistency, objectivity) as well as the construction of the test in the collection of knowledge and preparation of curriculum and post tests, and statistical methods.Part IV : This included a chapter on the display, and analyze and discuss the results of the tests tribal, and meta - search for the two sets of control and experimental.Part V : This included the door a set of conclusions and recommendations, including : Conclusions 1 - learning strategy Alatghani positive impact on some of the skills ofe scoring and scoring FLAGELLATE of consistency and scoring from jumping in handball. 2 - manner as its impact on the skills of the scoring and scoring FLAGELLATE of consistency and scoring from jumping.Recommendations1 - emphasis on learning strategy Alatghani in physical education lesson material including handball. 2 - work to benefit from the results of the study using the learning capabilities Alatghani in scoring FLAGELLATE skills and scoring of consistency and scoring jump of the other variables.

بناء وتقنين مقياس التلوث النفسي لمتحدي الاعاقة الفيزياوية == Constructing And Standardizing Athletic Psychological Pollution Measurement of The Players of The Disability Alvezaawih

Author name: علي عبد الهادي صالح الزبيدي
Supervisor name: بان عبد الرحمن ابراهيم
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Physical Education
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاثير منهج تدريبي باسلوب نقص الاوكسجين باستعمال قناع (الهايبوكسك) لتطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والوظيفية والمهارية للاعبي كرة اليد الشباب == The Effect of A Training Curriculum In A Manner A Lack of Oxygen Using A Mask (Al - Haepoksk) To Develop Some of The Physical And Functional Capacity And Skills of Young Handball Players

Author name: علاء جاسم مخيلف الشيحاني
Supervisor name: انعام جليل ابراهيم
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Handball
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى اعداد منهج تدريبي باسلوب نقص الاوكسجين باستعمال قناع (الهايبوكسك) بما يتلاءم مع قدرات اللاعبين الشباب بكرة اليد، والتعرف على تاثيره في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والوظيفية والمهارية لدى لاعبي كرة اليد الشباب، واستخدم الباحث المنهج (التجر | The study aimed to develop a training curriculum manner lack of oxygen using a mask (Alhaepoksk) in line with the capabilities of the young players hand reel, and to identify the impact on the development of some of the physical, functional and technical skills capacity of the handball players young, the researcher used (demo), designed experimental and control groups with setting the arbitrator for the research sample of $ (30) as a player and distributed to each group (experimental and control group) (10) players and 10 players to sample reconnaissance, young people in clubs army and Karkh, in the period from 17.12.2013 up to 14/3 / 2014, in the Saidiya Club Hall of indoor / Ministry of Youth and Sports / Baghdad / Karkh / Saidiya, and use researcher and research tools, tools and devices required by the implementation of the curriculum under study, it was determined the physical, physiological and skill capacity and tests by agreement specialists where the (distinctive strengths speed of the arms and legs and speed the transition and carry speed, maximum consumption of oxygen, and the teams pulse heart to after the effort and kissed him, and the proportion of Alimoklopan in the blood, and handling and receiving, and shooting, and defense movement, and bulwark), was prepared vocabulary training curriculum manner lack of oxygen using a mask (Alhaepoksk) in line with the capabilities of the young players hand reel and executed after testing tribal and for a period of eight weeks each week four training modules has been used my way of training Recurring high intensity and pulsation, and committed to the researcher conditions and health determinants in the examination of the sample and to maintain their health in the exercises used, and then been testing a posteriori and use researcher Statistical bag system (SPSS) to extract the ratio values, standard deviation, and the broker, and the coefficient of convolution, and the coefficient of simple correlation (Person), and test (T - test) samples correlated, and test (T - test) of the samples is correlated, and after processing the results for each of the physical and physiological and skill variables researched under study tribal and Uday then analyzed discussed, as the researcher to conclusions summarized that the training curriculum manner lack of oxygen using a mask (Alhaepoksk) work on the development of distinctive strengths speed of the arms and the two men with the football players of young people who have been trained by hand, and their superiority The players who trained without, and helped to improve the speed of transition and tolerance of handball players young people who trained him, and their superiority on the slipway at the players who trained without him, and contributed significantly to the development level of the maximum consumption of oxygen (VO2max) among soccer players young people who have been trained by the hand, and superiority on the players who have been trained without him, and contributed to the improvement teams heart rate after the effort and kissed him with the football players of young people who have been trained by hand, and their superiority on the players who have been trained without him, and contributed to increased level of blood Imoklopan (Hb) among soccer players young people who are trained hand him, and their superiority on the players who have been trained without it did not increase the ratio, and the work on the emergence of a clear improvement in the performance skills (handling and receiving, and shooting, and defensive duties, rollback wall) with football players young people who have been trained by hand, and their superiority on the players who have been trained without him.

انموذج مقترح باستعمال الاهداف السلوكية وفق تصنيف سمبسون وتاثيره في تعلم بعض مهارات الكرة الطائرة == A Suggested Model By The Use of The Behavioral Objective According To Simpson Classification And Its Effect On The Learning of Some Volleyballs Skills

Author name: مهند احمد عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: ايمان حمد شهاب الجبوري
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اكد الباحث في المقدمة واهمية البحث على اهمية تاثير استعمال تصنيف سمبسون للاهداف السلوكية في التعلم المهاري ( النفسحركي ) الذي يتضمن سبع مستويات هي (الادراك الحسي، التهيؤ والاستعداد، الاستجابة الموجهة، الية الاداء او الميكانيكية، الاستجابة المعقدة، التكيف | The thesis included the following five chapters : The first chapter : introduction to the thesis : This chapter included an introduction, importance and its problem, objective, hypothesis, it extents and determine the most important terms in relation to the title.The researcher reaffirmed in the introduction the importance of using Simpson Classification and its Effect on the Learning of Some skills as the classification includes five levels (sensual realization, preparation and readiness, directed response, mechanical performance, complex response, conditioning and adjustment to take the learner to high degree of mastering and innovation. The lesson of physical education in all its departments and sections has designed behavioral terms which all the learner should do can be explained in that aspect. With the existence of a modern teaching plan that is in harmony with all the aspects objectives (cognitive, mental and psychometric objectives). The problem of study is confined to finding cases of hesitation and little mastering for students in their basic skill performance in volleyball. after search and investigation, the researcher found that there are a number of educational classifications that contribute in achieving set of objectives in compliance inside the pedagogic situation and concentrate on manifesting the learner as the pivot and the cornerstone in the process of education. The researcher preferred to study Simpson Classification of behavioral objectives by treating that problem as this classification is subject to verification when the learner passes through seven graduated levels from the difficult to the easy.The research objectives are the following : 1. Constructing a model by the use of behavioral objectives according to Simpson’s Classification in learning some of skills in volleyball. 2. Knowing the effect of the suggested model by the use of behavioral objectives according to Simpson’s Classification in learning some of skills in volleyball. The researcher hypothesized the following : 1. There is statistically significant differences between the results of pretest and posttest to the two groups of the study (experimental and control) for the interest of the posttest at the level of 0.05. 2. There is statistically significant differences between the results of posttest for the two groups of the study (experimental and control) for the interest of the experimental group at the level of 0.05. The domains of study are : 1. Human domain : a sample of preparatory stage - Fifth grade - at Ibn Rushud Preparatory school for boys - the Education of Rusafa the Second of (40) students.2. Temporal domain : the period from 14/2/2010 to 19/4/2010 A.C.3. Spatial domain : the yard of Ibn Rushud Preparatory school for boys - the Education of Rusafa the Second - New Baghdad region. The second chapter : this chapter includes the theoretical framework and the similar previous studies. The reesracher tackled in his theoretical framework the concept of pedagogic model, educational objectives, behavioral objectives (definition, importance, scopes, levels and methods of their formulation), the psychometric skill objectives, Simpson’s Classification of behavioral objectives, the concepts of teaching and learning and motional learning, the skill preparation of volleyball, the basic skills in volleyball, the skills under research are (sending skill, receiving skill, preparation skill, individual fence skill). It also included two previous similar studies from which the indications and distinguishing were deducted.Third chapter : the chapter included the mythology of the study and its field procedures. The reeseracher employed the experiential procedure for its suitability with the nature of his study. He conducted the experiment of a sample of a sample of preparatory stage - Fifth grade - at Ibn Rushud Preparatory school for boys - the Education of Rusafa the Second who were randomly chosen. They were subdivided into two equal groups (experimental and control group). Then, the experimental design was posed for arriving at the validity and accuracy of the procedure of the study according to the variables of (age, height, the extended arms. weigh). The researcher qualified in the light of the results of posttest. The researcher showed the methods of data collection and the researching - assisting equipments. He also determined the most importamt basic skills in volleyball by the experts and determined the nominated skills by the specialists.He applied the pedagogic procedure in sixteen pedagogic units as two units per week concentrating more on the pedagogic part which is 10 minutes of the main section and the variables were adjusted during execution. After that the posttest were conducted and the results were processed with the suitable statistical means which are (percentile, arithmetic rate, percentage weight, Simple corralatuion coefficient (Pearson)). The pretest and posttest results were processed by the use of the

تاثير التدريبات الخاصة والمكملات الغذائية في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والمؤشرات الوظيفية والكفاية القتالية لرجال النخبة في العمليات الخاصة == The Influence of Special Exercises And Nutritional Supplements In The Development of Some of The Physical Capacity And Functional Indicators Enough To Combat Men'S Elite Special Operations

Author name: رياض عبد الحسين ابو جري
Supervisor name: عباس فاضل جابر الخزاعي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Fitness
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: مقدمة البحث واهميته : بالنظر للتطور السريع الذي حدث في ميادين الحياة كلها المدنية والعسكرية، وتماشيا مع التطور الذي حصل اصبحت الحاجة ملحة للاهتمام بالمقاتل في قواتنا المسلحة من الناحيتين القتالية والانجازية واصبحت امكانية استخدام المقاتل للاجهزة الحديثة و| Part I : Definition search : Provided and the importance of research : Given the rapid development that has taken place in all fields of civil and military life, and in line with the development that took place is an urgent need for attention Palmqatl in our armed forces from the combat and Alanejazah became the possibility of using fighter modern, advanced high efficiency and the ability of the devices.The longer the special operations Specil Operation of complex combat operations and follows need to be trained fighters advanced training. And preparers militarily and physically and psychologically prepare special, and of course this type of operation is carried out by sub - units upscale training the researcher prepared a selection of good fighters and created their training curriculum proposal with some dietary supplementsThe importance of research, it lies in finding ways to develop the level of performance by the physical abilities and dietary supplements according to the scientific program thoughtful in the development of functional devices.Search problem : The researcher said that the focus of the research problem, including the following : Special exercises in the training curriculum and in the other dietary supplements side which Tsa'daly development level sufficiently combat positively, weakness efficiencies physical men's elite special operations military, which has a direct impact on the level of performance while training Lotta Terha in combat capability, and to carry an influential role in the completion of fighters and forms of training (physical _alguetala _ and tactical) innovative positive impact on the competence of combat.Research aims : Researcher aims to achieve three goals : 1. Prepare approach own exercises and nutritional supplements for men's elite special operations. 2. identify the impact of the training curriculum dietary supplements in the development of some physical abilities and functional Almosrat. 3. identify the impact of the special exercise and dietary supplements on the efficiency of the fighting men of the elite special operations.Part II : Theory and previous studies : This touched a researcher at the door to topics related variables SearchPart III : research methodology and field proceduresThe researcher used the experimental method in his designs president and is the experimental method using two unequal, and ensure that the door and a description of the research community and appointed with the homogeneity of the sample and berewarded with the instruments and tools used in the research and means of data collection and experiment exploratory as well as clarify the tests used in the search : The sample was divided into two groups (experimental and control group). As the experimental group underwent training subsidized food supplements either the control group did not undergo the training program and the food prepared for the experimental group and the duration of a program by two months (11) training units per week.The boldest researcher tests before me and after me and was on the pre - test and post - test 01.03.2015 dated 03/03/2015.The researcher used the statistical method (SPSS) for the purpose of processing the data statistically : This section included a research methodology used, which the experimental method, the research sample, which included 60 fighter fighters session (58) stun cycle, Academy of the fight against terrorism were divided into two groups and by (30) fighter for each group, research tools, exploratory experiment, measurements used in the search, which included anthropometric measurements (height, weight) to measure functional variables, and steps Ajrath field and the tools used and the proposed training program.Part IV : Results, analysis and discussionThis section included a presentation of the results of statistical treatment using a set of tables and then analyzed and discussed in a scientific manner supported by accurate scientific sources and through this discussion has been reached to achieve the objectives of the research and checking homework.Part V : Conclusions and recommendations : Researcher have emerged from several conclusions During his studies through which to achieve the goals of the research and homework and developed several recommendations to serve our armed forces.Conclusions : 1. There are statistically significant for the fitness tests are all significant differences in favor of the post test in the experimental group and this shows that the sample has evolved well in workouts (physical capacity).2. Godfrouk moral statistically significant tests combat capability and in favor of the post test in the experimental group and this shows that the sample has evolved well and this shows that the sample may well have evolved in this tactical test of combat which includes the performance of all physical and kinetic characteristics and combat skills3. It turns out the researcher that training, in particular circuit training has helped to contribute to the fitness of the fighters who helped keep the fighters going on the movement of non - stop development as well as ensuring the performance of the entire group because they are in front of the teacher and help in setting and order in the training on the basis of work and rest time which ensures not lost any part of the time.4. There are significant differences in the development of some physical abilities and functional Almosrat and in favor of the experimental group.5. The proposed approach to training a significant effect in the development of some physical abilities and functional Almosrat.6. The diet using X - Blood compound gave an increase in muscle strength and commensurate with the training curriculum for muscle power (optimum and explosive and quick), which was originally targeted for the development of this muscle power through various exercises used by the members of the experimental sample.Recommendations : 1. benefit as much as possible of the proposed training curriculum fighters prepared for Special Operations (Elite).2. use the method of training in the fitness ring fighters development.3. The introduction of combat exercises and performance skills within the training programs and the development of special units to Hadmn programs.4. The need to open specialized training courses for teachers and to continually Aejadmwaliman specialists.5. conducted at similar field research in this area to take advantage as much as possible Mnhola combatants and get them to the high level of combat efficiency.6. Introduce the proposed approach within the training curricula of the armed forces because it proved to be a significant impact in the development of some physical abilities and functional Almosrat

تاثير بعض تمرينات اليوغا في تركيز الانتباه والانجاز لدى لاعبي المنتخب الوطني للشباب بالقوس والسهم == The Effect of Some Yoga Exercises In Concentration And Attention To The Achievement of The National Team Players For Youth Bow And Arrow

Author name: كريم حمد كاظم
Supervisor name: لؤي ساطع محمد جواد
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Shooting
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اهمية البحث هي محاولة من الباحث لايجاد افضل الاساليب في تطوير تركيز الانتباه كونه عامل مهم واساسي لتطوير الانجاز للاعبي القوس والسهم وباستخدام تمرينات اليوغا. يرى الباحث من خلال تحديده لمشكلة البحث ان هناك ضعفا واضحا في نتائج لاعبي المنتخب الوطني للشباب | The importance of research is an attempt by the researcher to find the best methods to develop focus attention being important and essential factor for the development of achievement for the players bow and arrow and using yoga exercises. Researcher finds through its identification of the research problem that there is a clear lack of results of the national team players for youth bow and arrow, the result of distractions and lack of focus during the correction, so it felt researcher use exercises yoga to identify the extent of their impact in the focus of attention and processing with the national team players for youth bow and arrow The study aimed to : - 1. Preparation and application of yoga exercises fit and sample national team players for youth bow and arrow.2. Identify the impact of yoga exercises associated with the training program in the focus of attention and the achievement of the national team players for youth bow and arrow.The researcher assumes that there are significant differences between the results of the tests and tribal posteriori to focus attention and achievement of the control and experimental groups.And that there are statistically significant differences in the results of the post tests between the control and experimental groups in favor of the experimental group in the focus of attention and achievement differences. The research community understand the national team players for the youth bow and arrow totaling (10 players) for ages (18 - 20 years). The temporal area from the date of approval of research and delivery is very Find on Thursday, 06.05.2014 included duration of the test from 14/12/2013 up to 15/3/2014 was an experiment in the court of Baghdad Sports Club in the gardens of Zora park and playground equestrian federation Jadiriya. In the second chapter was addressed to sport a bow and arrow from where founded and nature and tools used in the bow and arrow as well as exercises of yoga, in terms of its inception and its concept and methods of yoga, to the task rules when practicing yoga, as well as the benefits of exercise yoga, as well as to the concept of focus of attention and the factors influencing focus attention and importance in the field of sports, as well as similar female students. But in the third quarter (the research methodology and field procedures) were used experimental approach in line with the nature of the problem, was also selected for the national team players for youth bow and arrow and deliberately because they are all the research community, depending on the results of achievement tribal were divided into two equal groups, experimental and another officer , and in a manner doubles and singles, as well as touched the researcher to the means and instruments and tools used and the steps to conduct the research, tests reconnaissance, tests tribal and preparation exercises yoga for the development of focused attention and achievement tests posteriori as well as a statistical means of b : (courier statistical spss). In the fourth chapter the results presented and discussed, as was the development of the results in tables through which the display tests before and after the experimental groups and the control group separately, and then has been testing a posteriori for the two experimental and control group were then discuss the results of the two groups after the differences between them have emerged.The researcher concluded the following : 1. The development of the experimental and control groups in the focus of attention and the achievement of the players bow and arrow youth.2. The percentage of the evolution of the experimental group is greater than the proportion of the evolution of the control group in focusing attention and achievement of the players bow and arrow youth.3. Yoga exercises have affected the focus of attention and the achievement of the experimental sample of more traditional exercises and used by members of the control group of players bow and arrow youth.4. outweigh the experimental group used yoga exercises demonstrating the effectiveness in the development of focused attention and achievement, as it showed a positive impact, and a significant improvement in the post tests with the experimental group.recommendations. In light of the findings of the researcher from the results, recommend the following : 1. Recommends researcher trained in the Iraqi Central Union of the arch and arrow using yoga exercises associated with the training program in the training curricula, because they have demonstrated a positive impact in the development of focused attention and achievement.2. conduct research and studies using similar exercises yoga on the other age groups and both sexes, and other sporting events associated with the special requirements focus of attention.3. Work on innovation and new ways of training not only in the field of the bow and arrow, but in all other fields of sports in the country to promote the level of sports for the better.

تاثير التمرين المتسلسل والعشوائي لذوات المجال المعرفي التاملي الاندفاعي في دافعية التعلم - وتطوير بعض المهارات لمناشئين بكرة القدم == The Impact of Serial And Random Exercise of Epstimological Field (Meditative - Impulsive) In Stimulation of Learning And Some Skills of Young Players In Football

Author name: علي حمد سمير الحميدي
Supervisor name: ايمان حمد شهاب الجبوري
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Football
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Supervised by : prof. Dr. Iman Hamad ShuhabThe first chapter tackles the introduction and the importance of research, whereas mentions the football which has a great popularity among the other sports. Actually, the importance of research manifests in necessity of preparing educational exercises which can join between the skillful side and psychological one of the player in the shortest time and most productivity. Hence, the importance of research stems from the necessity of preparing skillful and educational exercises according to the serial and random style of the learners in football with taking into consideration the individual differences through the style of epistemological learner.The problem of research has been detected through the observance of the researcher that learning and proficiency of artistic skills of football are not taking into consideration the importance of the individual differences of learners and follow particular styles. For the mentioned reasons above, it is urgently needed to use the various, new epistemological styles in learning to detect the individual abilities of learners besides their intellectual and perceptual abilities.The research aims to prepare an educational course in both styles (the serial and random) which adapt with the abilities of young players of football. In addition, to know the influence f the serial and random exercise according to theepistemological style (meditative - impulsive) in motivation of learning and some skills of young players in football. The other thing is to know the influence of educational course in the style of serial and random exercise in motivation of learning and some skills of young players in football match who have epistemological insight ( the impulsive - meditative).The researcher proposes that there are many statistics differences between pre - testes results and post - testes results and some skills of young players in football to the search groups and in favor of the post test. There are many statistics differences between post - testes results of the research groups in motivation of learning and some skills of young players in football.The second chapter consists of two sub - chapters, the first one is the theoretical studies which is divided to many axes, among them, the researcher points out to (the exercise concept and its importance, schedules of exercise, the epistemological styles, motivation and some skills in football). The second one is restricted on the previous studies in which the researcher deals with two studies taken from the local environment and the researcher comments on the previous studies and clarifies the features of his current study.In the third chapter, the researcher refers to the used method where he used the experimental method (for the four groups). The specimen of research consists of 28 players from Al - Hudood football club. The specimen has been selected randomly, the specimen is divided into two groups according to the epistemological style (meditative and impulsive) after distributing the applications forms to the players. It is worth mentioning that the researcher designs the application forms with himself and sets the appropriated tests which are used in the research. He also clarifies the steps of execution of the research. Then he sets a field experiment and makes his pre - tests then he prepares the educational program which lasts 10weeks distributed on 40 educational units that are divided into 20 educational units serially and 20 educational units in random style. After the end of program, the researcher makes the post - tests and clarifies the statically means which used in research.In the fourth chapter, the researcher deals with presenting, analyzing and discussing the results of pre - tests and post - tests of the fourth groups. The fourth chapter is enhanced with schedules and graphic charts.The most conclusions in the fifth chapter that the researcher concludes are : 1. the application of exercises serially and randomly in the meditative and impulsive persons has contributed in increasing motivation of direction the task and motivation of direction the ego of specimen.2. the application of exercises serially and randomly in the meditative and impulsive persons has contributed in the positive learning in some skills of the specimen.

تاثير برنامج تعليمي باسلوب الاكتشاف الموجه في عدد من المظاهر الحركية وفقا للمتغيرات البيو ميكانيكية والاداء الفني وانجاز رمي الرمح لطلاب المرحلة المتوسطة == The Effect of An Educational Program By The Manner of Guided Discovery On Learning Some Dynamic Aspects According To The Biomechanical Variables And Completion of The Javelin For Intermediate Students

Author name: عادل حامد عبيد الدليمي
Supervisor name: فاتن اسماعيل محمد
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Athletics
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناول الباحث التطور الذي حصل في العملية التعليمية في العالم وخاصة النظم التعليمية الحديثة وما شهدت السنوات الاخيرة من اهتمام المربين والباحثين بتطوير الدراسات التربوية في مختلف مراحل التعليم والتاكيد على تطوير المناهج التعليمية بما ينعكس ايجابيا في تربية | The researcher development that took place in the educational process in the world, especially modern educational systems, and recent years have seen the attention of educators and researchers to develop educational studies in various stages of education and the emphasis on the development of educational curricula reflect positively in the education of generations to prepare them to carry out their duties to the community, where countries began in interest in changing the curriculum, tools and theories as a result of scientific progress in all fields, including the field of sports, as sought a lot of states to create the conditions to grades in the acquisition of expertise and capacity physical, mental and psychological through the creation and preparation of various educational programs which access the learner to the integrated development which reaches all the way to the desired goal.The researcher also touched on the effectiveness of the javelin, which is considered one of the activities of athletics and that requires some study on the educational aspects of the rules of modern scientific and foundations associated with an increased understanding of the performance of kinetic learners and understanding to achieve the highest level, as this depends on the effectiveness of its own motor capacity. Here lies the importance of research first to identify the kinetic Kalanciabah and transport motor and the speed of movement and range of motion and the degree of interdependence between the movement parts and integration of its components, which can be obtained using the principles and rules of bio - mechanical and through which aspects we get a quantitative measure objectively reflects the learning process.The problem of the study; Researcher found through field experience that most of the tournaments directorates Alterpaat Athletics There fluctuation performance educated level in the application of skill javelin between the kinetic part and another weakness in harmony and interdependence kinetic and non - skill performance integration, which called for the researcher to design an educational program could give the opportunity for the learner to live fun anonymous revealed himself by re - organizing Information stored has adapted to enable him to see the new relationships were not known to him in learning to detect the individual potential of learners and their intellectual, cognitive and which provide for the learner to explore movement and experimentation and the development of recipes initiative and creativity and represent steps discovery method education allows students to develop their knowledge through practical experience directly. The Aims of the Study : 1 - Identify some of the kinetic aspects in accordance with the variables biomechanical technical performance of the effectiveness of the javelin to the research sample.2 - Preparation of an educational program in a manner guided discovery of the effectiveness of the spear suit the capabilities of the research sample of middle school students throw.3 - Identify the impact of an educational program in a manner guided discovery in the development of some motor manifestations according to the variables of bio - mechanical and technical performance of the effectiveness of the javelin to the research sample. The Hypotheses of the Study : 1 - There are significant Statistics differences between pretest and posttest in some kinetic aspects and technical performance results for the experimental and control groups.2 - There are Significant Statistics differences between posttest in some of the kinetic aspects of technical performance between the experimental and control groups results.Chapter II : - The researcher in this chapter theoretical studies in the means and methods of educational and educational programs and the types of programmed learning and features educational programs also touched researcher to learning and motor learning and the researcher learning styles, types and touched the researcher to the method of guided discovery and its features and steps to implement it and then touched researcher to motor manifestations, including the cruise and motor transport motor and motor speed and motor field and the researcher effectiveness javelin and linked to bio - mechanical variables that occur during the execution of the learner to throw as well as the researcher associated with some studies.Chapter III : - The researcher used the experimental method for suitability and the nature of the search, and follow the design of the two groups with pretest and posttest, either sample consists (15) student than the average second row in the Western middle of the Directorate of Education first Rusafa 2014 - 2015 was measured weight and height and age of the sample was conducted homogeneity and parity and natural distribution of the sample, then was a major experiment (pre - test) were filmed Video for testing after it was performed kinetic analysis by analysis program (Kenova), prepared researcher curriculum for eight weeks to teach effective javelin manner guided discovery.Chapter IV : - In this chapter Showing circles, standard deviations, and the percentage of development in the research variables, as well as circles calculation of the differences and standard error values and the values of (t) calculated spreadsheet of the results of the tribal tests and dimensional analysis of variance and the value of (q) the calculated value of LSD and the significance of the differences of the tests a posteriori for the two control and experiment by using statistical Pouch ((SPSS)) as well as analyze and discuss the results.The researcher concluded the following : 1 - The tutorial manner guided discovery prepared by a researcher working on the development of some of the kinetic aspects of the technical performance of the effectiveness of the javelin for beginners.2 - there are positive effect by using the style of guided discovery learning in some mechanical and technical performance of the effectiveness of the javelin for beginners variables.The use of 3 - tutorial - style guided discovery phase of all : A - cruise - motor and motor transportation and motor speed and range of motion and technical performance of the effectiveness of the javelin throwB - improvement in the cruise motor for the last three steps before the intersection javelin.C - development in the field of movement and temporal area and improved motor performance angles and the angle of the spear point.D - evolution in the speed of movement as there is a good improvement in the speed of the arm, which led to the achievement of the completion of the best in the javelin, as well as improve the speed of a short sprint.E - improvement in motor transport, as was the involvement of the two men in addition to the trunk and arms in motor transport process and the resulting improvement in the technique and harmony of the movement during the javelin.And - development in the technical performance of the effectiveness of the javelin throw (a short sprint, steps intersection, throwing, exchanges)4. The use of information technology such as X Alfdaoa can give us quantitative and qualitative measurement and also shows the track of the movement, and if there is an error can be corrected, as well as build our strengths for the performance.5 - appropriate exercises applied in the curriculum with the level of research sample.6 - guided discovery that is highly effective in increasing the capacity of thinking and research at the answer by the learner to a question or certain.Finally, the researcher recommended : 1 - The need for selection and use of instructional style can be used in line with the educational situation and works to strengthen the educational process is well suitable for students, according to their age as well as the use of appropriate means of communicating information to students.2 - emphasis on the use of the style of guided discovery in modules for beginners as this method is suitable from the viewpoint of the researcher, according to the results obtained from the application of this method because it puts the learner in the event of discovery, thinking and reasoning on how to learn any effectiveness or skill.3 - use biomechanical variables in the kinetic aspects of the Games track and field can be used as a quantitative measurement of the kinetic aspects in all the other events of the yard and the field.4 - use style kinetic analysis of the kinetic aspects of the Games track and field as the kinetic analysis of the manifestations of the motor can be the strengths and weaknesses shown in the test and can work to change the performance of the learners better.5 - conduct studies similar to this study measures the relationship between these variables and technical performance and some of the physical abilities of the athletes.6 - Making similar study of other events in athletics.

تصميم ميدان تعليمي تدريبي لتطوير عدد من القدرات البدنية والحركية والمهارية الى طالبات المرحلة المتوسطة == Design of An Instructional And A Training Field To Develop Some Physical , Dynamic And Skill Abilities For Intermediate Schoolgirls

Author name: ساهرة محمد عبد الامير
Supervisor name: سهاد حسيب عبد الحميد الربيعي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Fitness
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الباحثة في هذا الفصل الاهمية الكبيرة للتربية والتعليم وكذلك البرامج التعليمية والوسائل والطرائق التعليمية الحديثة التي تسهم في دفع عجلة التعليم وتطويره من اجل الحصول على جيل متسلح في العلم والاعتماد على النفس في التعلم وكذلك تناولت الباحثة الى طرائ | Preface and importance of the research : In this chapter , the researcher has dealt with tremendous importance in education , teaching programs , modern methods of teaching that contribute to advancing the education in order to get an advanced generation in science and self - reliance in learning. The researcher also has dealt with the great benefits of modern teaching methods in use , teachers adoption of modern methods in teaching and training , especially in the field of sports to perform basic skills in sport games. This concludes from developing physical and kinetic abilities , especially the abilities that the students have to perform skills that link to sports in order to obtain the best achievement. The researcher has discussed the field design that contributes to develop students potential in physical and kinetic abilities. The researcher has designed a field , accessible to females students , less expensive and contributes to the development of physical and kinetic performance, as well as contribute to the skills development.The problem of the research : Through the work of the researcher as a teacher of physical education in intermediate schools for girls , and through the observation of her colleagues during physical education classes , she found that there is weakness in the performance of students for most motor skills between a student and the other during the implementation process between the negative and positive and even reluctance to perform some of the skills and the result of not practicing students fitness, as well as motor skills and performance which prompting the researcher to think in the development of the design field , where students can practice some of games and physical movements and skill as an outside classroom. Research goals To design a training and teaching field to develop the physical kinetic and technical abilities for the intermediate females students. To identify the impact of the educational field in some physical and kinetic abilities of intermediate students. Research hypothesesThere are statistically significant differences between the results of pre and post measurements in some physical and kinetic skills and abilities of the two groups , experimental and control. Research fields Human field : group of females students , AL - Yarmook intermidate school , age ( 13 - 15 ) old year. Time field : from 27.11.2014 to 25.1.2015. Physical field : AL - Yarmook intermediate school yard. Second chapter : The researcher has dealt with the conception of the field and its importance in education for the students. The field plays a role in developing physical , kinetic ,and technical performance. The researcher also has discussed the educational design which emerges from modern theories in teaching. The researcher has dealt with physical education class , clarifying its importance and the modern methods that enable the students to do sports. The researcher has clarified the importance , and benefits of physical exercises , and the physical abilities in their kinds and benefits. The researcher has stated the kinetic abilities and their kinds and the importance and benefits of each ability. The researcher has mentioned some relevant studies. Third chapter : The researcher used the experimental approach because of its suitability with the nature of the research. She followed two groups design of before and after. The sample of the research consists of 16 students of AL - Yarmook intermediate school for girls , belongs to state directorate in Rusafa / 3 (2014 - 2015). Weight , length and age of the research sample was conducted. Homogeneity and natural distribution of the sample was conducted. The main experiment ( pre - test ) was conducted. The researcher prepared a design of teaching , training field according to a syllabus prepared by the researcher for 8 weeks and by 16 teaching training units. Fourth chapter : It has been shown the statistic mediators , standard deviation , the rate of development in the differences of the research and the value of the statistic mediators of the differences and the standard error , T value for the pre and post tests , the analyses of difference and the calcu as well as analyses and discussion of the results. Fifth chapters : Conclusions The research concluded the following : 1 - Application of training and educational field develops physical and kinetic abilities and some basic skills for the students of intermediate stage.2 - Application of training and educational field develops transmission speed for the students of intermediate stage.3 - Application of training and educational field develops explosive force for the students of intermediate stage.4 - - Application of training and educational field develops transmission speed for the students of intermediate stage.5 - Application of training and educational field develops the kinetic balance for the students of intermediate stage. 6 - Application of training and educational field develops kinetic agility for the students of intermediate stage. 7 - Application of training and educational field develops scoring in hand ball for the students of intermediate stage.8 - Application of training and educational field develops lapping up in basketball for the students of intermediate stage.Recommendations : Based on the conclusions have been obtained by the researcher , these are some recommendations ; 1 - It is to use training teaching field for the students of the intermediate stage as an activity of outside classroom. 2 - It is to utilize outside classroom activity to develop abilities of the students of the intermediate stage. 3 - It is to design modern teaching fields for the students of the intermediate stage.4 - It is to hold training sessions to apply training and teaching field for the intermediate schools in Education Ministry. 5 - It is to hold similar studies for other study stages.6 - It is to carry out comparative study between males and females students to measure their abilities after applying proposed training teaching field.

تاثير تمرينات تاهيله على وفق الايقاع الحيوي لتاهيل اصابة الرباط الصليبي ومستوى الدافعية عند الرياضيين المصابين == Effect of Exercise According Bio Rhythm To Rehabilitate The Injury of Cruciate Ligament And The Level of Motivation of Athletes Living With

Author name: حمزة محمد عودة الطائي
Supervisor name: حسن هادي عطية الهلالي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Rehabilitation Exercises
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى اعداد تمرينات تاهيلية وتطبيقها على وفق الايقاع الحيوي بدورته البدنية والتعرف على تاثير هذه التمرينات في المتغيرات البدنية، كذلك التعرف على تاثير التمرينات على وفق الايقاع الحيوي لتاهيل اصابة القطع الكامل للرباط الصليبي في المتغيرات البدني | The thesis includes five sections distributed in the following form : The study aimed to prepare rehabilitation exercises and applied in accordance with the dynamic rhythm of physical session and learn about the impact of this exercise on physical variables, as well as to identify the effect of exercises on dynamic rhythm of rehabilitation approved hit pieces full of anterior cruciate ligament on physical variables between the two groups pilot (first under dynamic positive rhythm and rhythm within a dynamic passive), as well as psychological treatment sessions to raise the level of motivation as vital emotional session rhythm and recognize the impact of meetings used to level of motivation, As well as identifying the impact of psychological therapeutic sessions between two tribal walbadi per set and between the two (the first according to the rhythm of a positive dynamic and emotional session from within the dynamic rhythm of negative emotional session), the researcher used experimental method to fit the nature of the research, the research sample consisted of (10) with full cutting injury ligament divided in two groups according to the vital experimental rhythm to each group (5) living, and mental therapeutic exercises and meetings (24) physical psychological rehabilitation unit (3) weekly units after Tests and measurements to expost researcher reached conclusions that exercises the physical rehabilitation and psychological therapeutic sessions have contributed to the improvement in the situation of infected through muscle force development working on the affected joint and dynamic range of pilot groups I and II, The exercises are applied according to the rhythm (from within the dynamic rhythm of the offeror) for physical session for first group represents positive results compared to the second group (under dynamic negative rhythm), psychological therapeutic sessions have influenced positively sets the tempo and dynamic approach to pilot groups, the recommendations were the researcher recommends using rehabilitative exercises used to improve sample search (the experimental groups I and II), emphasizing the need for psychological treatment sessions within a therapeutic exercise for people living with their From the positive impact of sports, confirm interest in rhythm and mind exercises used on jurisprudence in rehabilitation or training, The researcher recommends the introduction of complexes or physical and psychological rehabilitation centres in all the clubs in order to preserve the integrity of the athletes, emphasize attention to awareness - raising and health education among athletes about injuries and how to perform first aid for their importance to reduce the level of injury and the absence of any complications, the researcher recommends that similar research samples and various injuries according to the dynamic rhythm of physical and emotional sessions or other sessions.

بناء برنامج بالاسلوب التدريبي لتطوير العضلات العاملة واثره في تعلم فعالية الوثب الطويل

Author name: علي فؤاد فائق
Supervisor name: مؤيد عبد الرحمن حديث
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: انطوت الرسالة على فصول خمسة هي : الفصل الاول : التعريف بالبحث اذ اشتمل على المقدمة واهمية البحث تناول الباحث المؤسسات التعليمية التي تمثل الدعامة الاولى في خلق جيل الحاضر والمستقبل الذي على اكتافه تقوم نهضة وتقدم المجتمع، وذلك عن طريق التعلم المبني على الاس

تاثير تمرينات خاصة وفق معادلة الكثافة التدريبية المطلقة لتقنين شده الوحدة التدريبية لتطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والوظيفية والمهارية للاعبين الشباب في الكرة الطائرة == Impact Exercises Special Training In Accordance With The Equation Density Absolute Rationing Intensity Training Module To Develop Some of The Physical And Functional

Author name: اسامة سلمان احمد
Supervisor name: مصطفى حسن عبد الكريم
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Volleyball
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على تاثير التمرينات الخاصة لتطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والوظيفية والمهارية على وفق معادلة الكثافة التدريبية المطلقة.حيث ان العملية التدريبية تحتاج الى فهم عالي من قبل المدربين في كيفية التنسيق الصحيح بين اوقات العمل والراحة لتقنين | The study aimed to identify the impact of the training program for the development of some physical and functional skills and capacity according to the equation training absolute density. The researcher used the experimental method for suitability to the nature of the research, the research sample consisted of (16) as a player and aged (16 - 18) years since, the research sample was divided into two groups and the control group and the experimental group of (8) players per group. The training program applied to the experimental group of (10) weeks and by (4) training modules in the week as a total of 40 training modules, and reached 120 module minute time either exercises used, prepared by the researcher in the experimental curriculum time, reaching for implementation 30 - 85 minutes. Taking into account the strict regulation of work and rest times of rationing module intensity through training density equation used by the researcher, and after the completion of the application of the training program was conducted a posteriori tests on the sample. And using appropriate statistical methods, the researcher to several conclusions, including that the training using the equation of absolute intensity training the experimental group had achieved remarkable development in all tests Search capabilities of physical, functional and technical skills for the tests before and after. But in the post tests dimensional experimental group has outperformed the control group in all tests except the search in only two tests are Alphusvegeneh test capacity and test beating overwhelming. The researcher recommends the need to legalize the use of training load using the equation density in training for volleyball players and mainstream way rationing training load using the equation in determining the severity of the module.

تاثير منهج تعليمي مصاحب لاشكال من المنشطات العقلية في بعض الخصائص النفسية والمهارات الاساسية بالمبارزة == The Effect of An Instructoral Program Accompanying Some Forms of Mental Doping In Certain Psychological Characteristics And Basic Skills In Fencing

Author name: سكينة شاكر حسن البياتي
Supervisor name: ايمان حمد شهاب الجبوري
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Fencing
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن الباب الاول مقدمة البحث واهميته، اذ اوضحت فيه الباحثة دور التربية البدنية والرياضة واهميتها ودور علم النفس الرياضي وتاثير في التربية البدنية والرياضة، وحول ما يعيشه العالم اليوم من ثورة علمية وتكنولوجية كبيرة، وما المتطلبات التي يجب ان تواكب هذا ا | Part I included the introduction of research and its importance, as it explained researcher role of physical education and sport and its importance and the role of sports psychology and the impact on physical education and sport, and about what the world experienced by today's scientific and great technological revolution, and the requirements that must keep pace with this development and work to develop awareness and understanding among members of the community what is happening around them and directing them to live in a changing society and renewed. And the role of mental stimulants to help the learner to learn many of the materials and to retain what he learned by linking the new information prior information exists in memory symbols, shapes or numbers to facilitate the learning process and retrieve information and remember it and this is what we need in the new sports and difficult as it is a duel of non - sports familiar to a lot of mental work here and steroids to help the student remember the details and parts of the movement correctly and being able to perform properly. From the foregoing it is the importance of research to find out the extent of the impact of the curriculum prepared by the researcher and the accompanying some forms of mental stimulant to learn some basic skills duel and its impact on some of the psychological characteristics of students. The research problem was crystallized in the fact that most of the students are learning and storing what they learn, but they are losing the ability to restore what has passed through the experiences and performance skills in the right way required nor are working to recruit appropriate mental operations do not use symbols that are working to help them in easy to learn and easy retrieval of information instead of carry out information storage only, it leads to the loss of some information due to rely on skill, storage, and explain the lack of explanation and link them to the movement and non - movement remember well because it is new and difficult and unfamiliar skills which affects the level of performance and achievement. So felt researcher numbers curriculum companion forms of mental stimulants to see the effect of this approach in some psychological characteristics in learning some basic skills duel.The main objectives of the research were : - 1. Prepare curriculum companion forms of mental stimulants sport fencing.2. determine the impact of the curriculum associated with forms of mental stimulant in some psychological characteristics and basic skills duel.The researcher assumed hypotheses were : - 1. There are significant differences between the results of the tests and the results of the tribal posteriori tests for some of the psychological characteristics of the experimental groups under study differences.2. There are significant differences between the results of the tests and the results of the tribal posteriori tests for some of the basic skills duel experimental groups under study differences.3. There are significant differences between the results of the post tests for some of the psychological characteristics of the experimental groups under study.4. There are significant differences between the results of the post tests of some of the basic skills duel experimental groups under study.The second subject includes scientific theoretical studies that have addressed the main axes of the research topic, such as the concept of mental stimulants and assumptions underlying the methods presented and the timing of its appearance in the educational process and forms, as well as touched the researcher to the psychological characteristics that have been addressed in this study, attention, types and factors affecting it, and focus attention and classifications and their importance in Fencing and cognition and its features and the factors influencing it and demonstration and perception, learning and cognition in the field of sports and perceptions on sport and self - concept in general and self - concept in the field of sports and types of basic aspects of the self and the characteristics of self - concept and its dimensions and finally touched the researcher about fencing and basic skills that were used in this study, did not This section contains the previous studies of the fact that there is no previous study of the same variables addressed by the researcher. And ensure that Part III detailed in research methodology and field procedures if the researcher used the experimental method with three experimental groups equal, was chosen as the research sample way intentional They are students first stage matinee for the academic year 2013 - 2014, where the number (43) students and the researcher divided the sample into Three groups experimental first experimental group numbered (15) called the second experimental group numbered (15) student pilot and the third group numbered 13 students, used the first experimental group format "visual symbolic" trial and the second group form the "symbolic Audiovisual" group Experimental third form "audiovisual".Part IV has been the presentation of statistical results extracted tables with graphical analysis of those results and discussed according to the foundations of cognitive theory assigned scientific references.In light of the experiment carried out by the researcher and the results achieved through tests and statistical methods to the researcher found a set of conclusions, including : - 1. The number of curriculum companion forms of mental steroids in the game fencing.2. curriculum prepared and forms mental steroids contributed to the development process of learning some basic skills duel.3. mental stimulants positively impacted in some psychological characteristics (focus attention - perception - physical self) concept.4. have been inferred from the results of tests of skill that has been obtained that the forms of mental stimulants have contributed significantly to help learners to learn and store information related to the skill correctly and the possibility of their performance in the right way, even after the required period of time passing.5. curriculum prepared and forms mental stimulants contributed to their development in each of the focus of attention, perception and physical self - concept of the three experimental groups and are closely.6. contributed curriculum prepared and forms of mental stimulant in the development of basic skills (b greeting and movement to move forward and reverse movement of "retreat") of the three experimental groups and are evenly matched.7. The results showed that the second experimental group outweigh the form "symbolic Audiovisual" experimental group and the third figure, "Audiovisual" the first experimental group form the "symbolic visual" in the skill challenge.

تاثير الاسلوب التدريبي في التعلم والاحتفاظ في بعض المهارات الاساسية لخماسي كرة القدم == Impact of Training Style In Learning & Retaining In Some Basic Skills In Futsal

Author name: محمد غني حسين
Supervisor name: نبيل عبد الوهاب احمد العزاوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اشتمل الفصل على المقدمة واهمية البحث ومشكلته واهدافه، وفروضه، ومجالاته وتحديد اهم المصطلحات الواردة في العنوان اذ اكد الباحث في المقدمة على ان تحقيق المهام الجديدة للتربية الرياضية يتطلب الخروج عن نظام التدريس المتبع والمعلومات المكررة من مصدر لاخر وضرورة | This Thesis consists of five chapters, beginning with an introduction, and ending with conclusions & recommendations. The Chapters are : First ChapterThis Chapter defines the field of research, and consists of an introduction, discussion of the importance of such research, its aims, its implications, its dimensions and the problems that face it. There is also a glossary where important terms used in the thesis were defined clearly.In the introduction it was emphasized that new functions of physical education can only be realized by abandoning the old traditional teaching system with its old sources and often repeated data. The teaching programs, their contents and styles must be updated in order to guarantee better teaching.. and since such modern methods are few in our teaching media, this study gains importance because it shows the impact of training style on learning and retaining some basic skills in Futsal. The most problem that faced this study was the dominance of traditional methods of teaching physical education in Intermediary Schools. The absence of modern training styles prompted the pursuance of the present research in order to solve the problem and develop the game. Hence the aims of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. Establish a program for using the training style on learning and retaining some basic skills in Futsal for 13 years old2. Discovering the impact of such a program of using training style on learning and retaining some basic skills in Futsal for 13 years oldIt was assumed for the purpose of this study that : 1. There would be differences with statistical functions between the pre & aft tests in learning some basic skills for the Pilot Group and the Experimental Group that favours the aft tests, with a functional level of (0.05) 2. There would be differences with statistical functions for the aft tests in learning and retaining some basic skills between the Pilot Group and the Experimental Group favouring the Experimental Group the Experimental Group the Experimental Group, with a functional level of (0.05)Three dimensions were used in this study : A. People : Intermediate level students in Rusafa First Educational DirectoryB. Time : The period from 12 /1 / 2007 to 31/ 5 / 2007 C. Place : The outer yard of Al - Harith Intermediate School for BoysSecond Chapter : Theory & Previous Studies This chapter discusses the theoretical frame of the studies related to the field of research such as : Teaching, Teaching styles, Aims of Teaching styles, Aims of teaching physical education in Intermediary Schools, Training Style, Learning & Motional Learning, Retaining, Fusel's History and Skills.The Chapter contains, also, three previous studies.Third ChapterThis Chapter shows the method of this research and its practical steps. Experimental method was chosen because it is the most suitable for the nature of this study.A (Research Society) of (110) boys was chosen deliberately from the First Year students of Al - Harith Intermediate School (one of Rusafa First Educational Directory’s Schools).A (Research Sample) of 60 boys (54.54%) was taken from the (Research Society), and divided into two (30 boys) groups (Pilot & Experimental) taking into consideration the boys’ abilities and skills in Futsal shown by the results of tests they had to undergo.The Field Study started, after choosing the samples, and lasted (11) weeks with two training units per week. Each unit lasted (45) minutes, the same as a traditional physical education lecture. During the time of the Study, regular pre & aft tests were done, changes were noted and proper statistic methods were used to realize the aims of the research. This Chapter shows the results of the Field Study, analyze and discuss them using the statements reached as a result of the pre & aft tests of the Sample boys after using the Training Style to teach them. Proper Statistical methods and graphs are used, too, to prove the accuracy of the research. Fifth Chapter : Conclusions & Recommendations Analyzing the results of the research left the Researcher with the following conclusions : 1. There was a positive effect shown between the results of pre & aft tests of the Pilot Group which was taught in the Traditional Method. This positive effect was in favour of the aft tests in developing the basic skills studied.2. There was a development in the studied skills of the Experimental Group which was taught in the Training Style, and the results showed clear differences between pre & aft tests for this group with favour towards the aft tests, and this shows the impact of teaching with the style chosen by the researcher, i.e. the Training Style for developing the basic skills studied.According to these conclusions the Researcher recommends : 1. Using the Training Style in teaching and developing the studied Futsal Skills2. Directing the trainers to use the Training Style in developing the studied Futsal Skills

تاثير تمرينات باسلوبي القوة الارتدادية والمقاومات المتنوعة في بعض القدرات البدنية والمهارية للاعبين الشباب بكرة القدم == Two Methods Regressive Effective Exercises Power Resistors And Diverse In Some Physical And Skill Capabilities of The Young Players In Football

Author name: محمد سلطان عبد الله الربيعي
Supervisor name: محجوب ابراهيم ياسين المشهداني
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Football
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الفصل الاول تطرق الباحث تكمن اهمية البحث باستخدام تمرينات باساليب تدريبية متنوعة لتطوير القدرات البدنية والمهارية الخاصة للاعبين الشباب بكرة القدم، ووضع الاسس العلمية الصحيحة عند استخدام الاساليب التدريبية ومنها (اسلوب القوة الارتدادية - واسلوب المقاومات | The importance of research using exercises methods of training to develop the physical and skill capacities of young players in football, and the development of sound scientific foundations when using training methods including (style power regressive - style Aalmtnoah resistors) and thus contribute to this research scientifically contribution serious in one study of field problems in the game football.The research problem that this form of strength training regressive and resistors diverse did not take the role and size of the truth in the training process within the stomach curriculum by trainers and various its methods and in accordance with the proper scientific method thus vulnerable and influential born in performance, especially in the private numbers that are important stages in stage Training the fact that the physical side is according to the motor performance skills path on the one hand and focus on the performance skills of the other.Research goals : - 1 - Prepare exercises manner regressive force and resistors fit and diverse capabilities of the research sample.2 - to identify the impact of the style of regressive force in some physical and skill capabilities of the players from the research sample.3 - identify the impact of the diverse style of resistors in some physical and skill capabilities of the players from the research sample.4 - identify any of the regressive power resistors and the most diverse methods influential in some physical and skill capabilities of the players from the research sample.Research hypotheses : - 1 - There are statistically significant differences between the results of tests and tribal posteriori the research groups in some physical abilities of the players from the research sample and in favor of a posteriori tests.2 - There are statistically significant differences between the results of tests and tribal posteriori the research groups in some capacity for skill players from the research sample and in favor of a posteriori tests.3 - There are statistically significant differences between the results of the post tests of the research groups in some physical abilities of the players from the research sample and the experimental groups.4 - There are statistically significant differences between the results of the post tests of the research groups in some physical abilities skill players from the research sample and the experimental groups.The researcher used the experimental method and included a sample search on the (33) players clubs, police and Baghdad and the border football, and the sample was divided into groups used method regressive force and second diverse resistors and the third control, and the researcher used a training curriculum for a period of 8 weeks with three training modules per week.Conclusions : The appearance of physical and skill capabilities improve the young players in football who received regressive force exercises and various resistors.Recommendations : Need to be exercises two methods regressive power resistors and diverse skill performance in a manner similar to the working muscles include skill training.

تاثير منهج تدريبي مصاحب لمكمل الكرياتين وانزيم Q10 في بعض المتغيرات البدنية والوظيفية والهرمونية وفقا لفصائل الدم للاعبي كرة القدم == The Impact of A Training Programme Accompanying Creatine Supplement And Enzyme Q10 On Some Physical, Functional And Hormonal Variables of Football Players According To Blood Groups

Author name: علي زهير حسن السراي
Supervisor name: امجاد عبد الحميد بدر الماجد
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Football
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد كرة القدم واحدة من الفعاليات التي تطورت كثيرا نتيجة لجهود العلمية، كنتيجة للطرائق والاساليب العلمية الحديثة. اما في هذه الدراسة يحاول الباحث من خلال البحث العلمي التعرف على للتاثيرات السلبية والايجابية لمكمل الكرياتين وانزيم Q10 في بعض المتغيرات الب | Football is one of the events that are often developed as a result of scientific efforts, as a result of modern scientific methods and techniques are. In this study, the researcher tries through scientific research to identify the positive and negative effects of creatine and complementary enzyme Q10 in some physical and functional changes and hormonal football players, according to blood group. The problem of search and found the researcher that a lot of football players who take dietary supplements have functional disorders of the players because they are non - randomly codified used the fact that the body does not need food for just being a fuel for energy, as some athletes vary degrees of functional physical development they have in spite of the use of curricula standardized training and nutritional supplements.Research's Goals : - 1. Prepare a training curriculum that suits the capabilities of the research sample of the football players.2. Identification of complementary doses of creatine and coenzyme Q10 suit and a sample search3. identify the impact of the training curriculum associated with a complement of creatine and coenzyme Q10 in some physical variables and functional and hormonal research sample of football players and compared.4. Identify the differences in the post tests in some physical variables and functional and hormonal according blood groups of soccer players in the research sample.And touched a researcher in the second quarter to the theoretical framework and studies that are relevant to the subject of research and touched a researcher in the third quarter of the research methodology and field procedures, as used researcher experimental approach to Mlamth and the nature of the research and the sample was divided in the manner of class (according to blood group O10, B10, A10) on the two groups by (15) player each group was subsequently implement training curriculum for nine weeks, three training modules in the week.Chapter Four : This chapter included a presentation and analysis of results and discuss reached by the researcher through the data.Chapter Five : Conclusions and recommendations Conclusions : 1. All of the search results functional and hormonal fall within normal limits level.2. obtain a clear superiority in the results of the physical abilities tests and in favor of the first group and got a clear superiority in the results of the functional variables and in favor of the second set in the post tests between the two groups.3. The researcher did not get a significant significant differences between blood groups and hormonal changes in the post tests and both sets.4. The success of the training curriculum with dietary supplements (creatine and complementary enzyme Q10) prepared by the researcher in the development of physical capacity and functional changes and hormonal research sample.

تحديد مستويات معيارية لبعض القدرات البدنية والحركية والمهارية والوظيفية لاختيار اللاعبين الشباب بكرة القدم لاندية ميسان == Determining The Standard Levels For Some of The Physical, Kinetic, Skillful, And Functional Ability To Choose The Young Players For The Football Teams In Maysan

Author name: وسام حميد عبد الرضا
Supervisor name: محجوب ابراهيم ياسين المشهداني
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Football
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تكمن اهمية البحث في الاعتماد على الاسس العلمية لمؤشرات عملية الاختيار بغية الحصول على لاعبين يمتلكون استعدادا وقابليات تمكنهم من ممارسة لعبة معينة دون غيرها والتنبؤ بمستوياتهم في المستقبل وفقا لمجالات مختلفة وباستخدام الاختبارات والمقاييس(البدنية والحرك | This chapter includes an introduction, significance, problem, aim, and scope of the research. Then, the researcher determines some terms that are mentioned in the Title let them have the scientific principles as indicators to choose the players who are ready and have the capacity to play a specific game, and to predict their levels in the future based on differernt scopes and using tests and measurements such as physical, kinetic, skillful, and functional tests. They will be the criteria as a guide to the trainers to select good physical elements.Research problem : There are a lot people, who are interested in sports select players based on techniques that depend on coincidence, observation, and personal experience and this will make them to choose players who are not efficient and it will be wasting time and money.The aims of the research : 1. knowing physical, kinetic, skillful, and functional abilities for the football players in the teams of Maysan.2. Determining the standard grades and levels for some research variables such as physical, kinetic, skillful, and functional variables for the young football players in the teams of Maysan.3 - a model (profile) for some of physical, kinetic, skillful, and functional abilities for the young players in the teams of Maysan The scopes of the research1.4.1 The human resources : the young football players in the teams of Maysan.1.4.2 Time : from August 24, 2014 to December 24, 2014.1.4.3 Place : studiums of the football teams in Maysan.Chapter TwoTheoretical background and Literature reviewIn the theoretical framework of the research, the researcher addresses the studies that relate to the subject of the research. For example, the researcher cites some of the subjects such as the tests and measurements in the physical scope, the conditions of using criteria, Then, the researchers reveals the physical abilities, skillful abilities in football and functional abilities in football, the concept of selection in the physical scope.Chapter ThreeThe researcher uses the descriptive method by making a survey to make it fir the nature of the research problem. The research community and sample are the players of football teams in Maysan / season 2013/2014. The number of the subjects in the sample is 220 players; the researcher excluded 22 goal keepers and 8 players who have injury. Therefore, the total is 190 player and the researcher made the required tests which are chosen by the experts and making experiments for the research. The researcher extracted the scientific principles such as validity, reliability, objectivity, where the tests have it. In addition, he extracted the procedures of the main experiment and finally, using the statistical aids to achieve the aim of the research.Chapter FourThis chapter includes the analysis and discussion of the research results which were collected from data. The researcher used statistics to implement the physical, kinetic, skillful, and functional tests which showed the validity of the aims of the research.Conclusions and recommendationsBased on the results, the researcher concludes : 1. The results reveal the “T” standard grades for some of the required tests for the young football players.2 - The results show that standard levels for some of the required tests for the young football players.Recommendations : 1 - It is necessary to let degrees and levels for the physical, kinetic, skillful, and functional abilities which are achieved in the Iraqi teams that relate to the research in order to use it in the process or selection and the continuous evaluation to know the classifications and abilities of the players.2 - It is necessary to generalize the standardized tables and levels for the physical, kinetic, skillful, and functional abilities which are achieved in the Iraqi teams that relate to the research in order to use it in the process or selection and the continuous evaluation to know the classifications and abilities of the players.

تاثير برنامج تعليمي باسلوبي التمرين المكثف والموزع وفق الشبكة التدريبية في تطوير بعض المهارات الهجومية والاداء الخططي للاعبين الناشئين بكرة القدم == The Effect of Using The Condensed Exercises According To The Training Net To Develop Some Offensive Skill And The Tactical Performance For Beginners In Soccer

Author name: مظفر صالح محسن
Supervisor name: اسماعيل عبد زيد عاشور الكرعاوي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Football
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Turning research to add new in the field of sports science education in how to organize the distribution of leisure time and the time of iterations through the application of some scheduling exercise within the module methods. Some of them cared rest times between occurrences of exercise Kaltmaren distributor and the other from the care of the lack of leisure time between iterations or breaks A few Kaltmaren intensive. Summarized the research problem through inform the researcher and his experience as working in the field of education and training in a football game at home and follow - up and watch football tournaments noticed a weakness skill and tactical performance and declining level as a result of the lack of some club coaches in football to the performance of the curriculum and the curriculum proper training for football Foot and their adherence to the old traditional workouts and not Moakpthm era in global exercises on modern exercise Ktmarenat (training network). The study aimed to build a curriculum two methods intensiveexercise and training according to the distributor network for the development of offensive skills and performance tactical suit and capabilities of the research sample of young players reel Akaddm.autamthelt research sample of players Police Sports Club junior team for the ages (14 - 16). Totaling (30) and distributed to the three groups, the first experimental group work approach educational proposed intensive exercise, according to the training network, the second experimental group worked the same methodology Exercise distributor according to the training network and the third group was an officer of the experimental groups and worked the curriculum followed Police Sports Club, and reached The number of students in each group (10) students and continued for the implementation of the curriculum (8) weeks, three learning units per week, and after processing the results statistically using statistical Pouch (spss) researcher concluded that the educational curriculum proposed a positive influence in the development of some offensive skills and performance tactical players junior football for the experimental groups

تصميم وتقنين اختبارات مركبة لتقييم الاداء بدلالة بعض المتغيرات البدنية والمهارية والوظيفية للاعبي المبارزة == Design And Rationing Compound Tests To Assess The Performance In Terms of Some Capacity Physical And Functional Capacities of Players Fencing

Author name: محمد عبد الرزاق نعمة الغرباوي
Supervisor name: سهاد حسيب عبد الحميد الربيعي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Fencing
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الاطروحة على مشكلة البحث ومن خلال عمل الباحث ضمن اختصاص المبارزة ومشاهدته عمل بعض مدربي اندية البصرة في لعبة المبارزة، وجد الباحث ان عملية انتقاء اللاعبين تجرى بالطريقة التقليدية وهي بعض الاختبارات البدنية القديمة، وهي اختبارات لا تعطي او تحدد الم | Thesis Included the problem of research and through the work of the researcher within the jurisdiction of the fencing and watch the work of some coaches of Basrah clubs in the game of fencing The researcher found that the process of selection of players taking place in the traditional way which are some of the old physical tests. Lacking tests that give or determine the true level of performance of the player in all aspects of physical and technical skills and functional.The goals of the research was the designing and rationing compound tests to assess the level of performance (physical and technical and functional) among young players in fencing, determine the numerical indicators of designed tests according to an equation to calculate the test grade, determining standard levels and gradings of designed tests, and determining the contribution ratios of physical and technical and functional variables in designed tests. Finding equations to predict the level of skill performance in the term of physical and technical variables. The research program and its field procedures, the researcher used the descriptive approach, where is the most appropriate way to solve the current problem of the study, where he addressed a description of the research sample, and gadgets and equipments used in the experiment and design compound tests and electronic device designed, as he explained the first and the second and third exploratory tests and also explained how to conduct scientific bases of tests (sincerity, stability, objective).The main experiment in rationing the tests on the search sample The analysis and discuss of results was also presented in order to achieve the goals of research to identify the final public test indicators, as well as tests (technical skills, physical and functional) as well as standard grades, levels and predict equation of the indicator of general test. For conclusions are - The designed tests showed that individual differences between members of the research sample through crude grades and levels obtained by the members of the sample when rationing these tests. The recommendations, including - The need to use designed tests to assess the performance of the fencing players because of its importance and its ability to give objective values of the performance by the coaches and specialists in the game stages dependency of training programs

تاثير برنامج تدريبي على وفق القوى الداخلية والخارجية في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنيـة والمتغيـرات البايوميـكانيكية المؤثرة في انجاز لاعبي الوثب الطويل == The Effect of The Training Program In Accordance With The Internal And External Forces In Developing of Some Physical Abilities And Biomechanical Variables Affecting The Achivement of The Players of Long Jump

Author name: علي عبد العظيم حمزة الزبيدي
Supervisor name: نجاح مهدي شلش
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Athletics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: احتوت الاطروحة على خمسة فصول : الفصل الاول : (التعريف بالبحث) تحدث في المقدمة واهمية البحث عن فعالية الوثب الطويل ومتطلبات بناء بعض عناصرها على وفق اسس علمية جديدة، ترتبط باستخدام انواع واشكال القوة بالاداء الحركي الخاص بها، اما مشكلة البحث فقد تطرق الباحث | (definition of research) occur in the foreground and the importance of research on the effectiveness of the long jump and the requirements of building some of its elements in accordance with the basis of new scientific , linked using the types and forms of power performance motor own , the research problem has touched researcher and through his experience as a former coach and teacher Article athletics Note that there is a decline in the level of achievement of these efficiency and lack of access to required levels and the reason is that most of the approved training curriculum focused on some of the traditional scientific bases Limited. The objectives of the research, the goal to develop a training program based on the mutual influence of external forces (gravity, friction, center or (core)) in the internal forces contribute to the development of levels of Iraqi young players effectively in the long jump. The second objective is to find out the effect of exercise of training program in some of physical abilities and biomechanical variables responsible of achieving all levels of the horizontal scope of Iraqi young players in the effectiveness of the long jump. The most important hypotheses are no statistically significant differences between the results of the tests before and after in the level of physical abilities and biomechanical variables for the two sets of control and Experimental Research Iraqi young players due to the training program. There are also significant differences between the results of the tests before and after the completion of the level in the long jump for the two sets of control and Experimental Research Iraqi young players due to the training program.Chapter Two : he touched the researcher to internal forces and external forces and the most important physical abilities and special events affecting the long jump and the analysis and some of the biomechanical variables In addition to the technical stages of the effectiveness of long jump dependent on the expertise, resources and references available.Chapter Three : action research field : the researcher selected experimental method for suitability with the nature of the research problem, as well as the researcher selected sample discussed the way intentional (Elected Iraq athletics for young people) have been numbered (12) as a player and then were divided randomly into two groups (control group and experimental) for each group (6) players, and chose researcher tests examined by experts after he presented to them through the questionnaire attached with appendices, and the most important tests (test the long jump stability, test partridge (5)steps per man average, test the enemy (40 meters) from the start of higher status, and the researcher used appropriate statistical methods to extract the statistical results by the bag social (SPSS).Chapter Four : Results, analysis and discussion : It has touched the researcher to present the results of tests before and after the experimental and control groups were obtained and discussed according to the changes addressed by the researcher.Chapter Five : Conclusions and Recommendations : Conclusions : Depending upon results obtained, the researcher has drawn the most important conclusions : 1. The adoption of the training program of internal and external forces working on the development of some physical abilities : Explosive power to long jump term for a class of young people. Speed - strength to long jump term for a class of young people. The ability to fast for long jump of young players. Speed the transition to long jump term for a class of young people. 2. that the adoption of the training program of internal and external forces working on the development of speed indicator approach and the time of payment intraday (upgrading) of the effectiveness of the long jump for the youth category.3. that the adoption of the training program of internal and external forces working on the development of the corners of the tilt and the starting of the effectiveness of the long jump for the youth category.Recommendations : At the end of the research, the researcher recommended1. The need to use the training programs prepared by the researcher for their positive impact on the development of the technical performance of the effectiveness of the long jump for a class of young people. 2. the need to adopt the training program and circulated to the trainers at the stage of your preparation 3. The need to design training programs relies on natural means available to practical application in various sporting events.

تاثير تمرينات مركبة لتطوير التحمل الخاص في بعض القدرات البدنية والمهارية والوظيفية للناشئين بكرة القدم == The Effect of Compound Exercises On The Development of Special Endurance On Some Physical ,Skillful And Functional Abilities For Young Football Players

Author name: صادق جعفر محمود
Supervisor name: ماهر احمد عاصي العيساوي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Fitness
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: بناء تمرينات مركبة لتطوير التحمل الخاص تتلاءم وقدرات عينة البحث.2. التعرف على تاثير التمرينات المركبة في بعض القدرات البدنية والمهارية والوظيفية للناشئين بكرة القدم.وافترض الباحث : - 1. هناك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين نتائج الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية | 1. construction of compound exercises on the development of special Endurance fit with abilities research sample.2. Identify the effect of compound exercises in some physical, skills and functional abilities for young football players. Isuppose the researcher : - 1. There are significant differences between the results of the tests and tribal posteriori for the control and experimental groups in your stamina and some physical and technical skills and functional capacity football.2. There is variation in the evolution of your stamina and some physical and technical skills and functional capacity football pedigree.3. There are significant differences between the results of the post tests of the control and experimental groups in your stamina and some physical and technical skills and functional capacity football. The researcher used the experimental method for suitability in solving the problem of the research on a sample of players Juniors Club Air Force sports soccer football season (2014 - 2013) representing the age group (16 - 14 years) and totaling 20 players who make up the percentage (71.43%) of the Find the original community. Chosen way intentional been randomly assigned to two groups officer and pilot of (10) players for each group. It was the use of statistical Pouch (SPSS) to extract the results. The researcher concluded : - 1. led compound exercises (physical - physical skills - physical tactical skills) to develop the kinds of your stamina (bearing speed - bearing strength - bearing performance).2. High levels of both physical and technical skills and functional capacity (under discussion).3. that the style of choice exercises composite privacy, quality and number and distribution Equilateral had a clear impact on the development of all the variables that addressed research.

تصميم نظام موحد لاختبارات اللياقة البدنية كمؤشر للقدرات البدنية والحركية لطلبة المدارس العراقية == Building A Unified System For Fitness Tests As An Indicator of The Capacity of The Physical And Kinetic Iraqi Schoolchildren

Author name: سالم نجف الياس الطائي
Supervisor name: محجوب ابراهيم ياسين المشهداني
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Fitness
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of the thesis to build a unified system for fitness tests and kinetic school students according to Iraqi school uniform card starting from the first grade of primary (boys, girls) and ends at the end of junior high school.The search included all Iraqi schools (except the province of Kurdistan) and all stages Aldersah for boys and girls and includes research on the seven tests of physical and kinetic.The researcher found the following conclusions : The study aimed to : 1 - building a unified system includes card design school sports uniform fitness tests and kinetic accompany the student and the student from entering the school until his graduation from high school. 2 battery design fitness tests and motor stages in line with the study, elementary, middle and junior high in the Iraqi environment.3 calendar bodies instruction and teaching for teachers and school physical education and raise their efficiency in the development of the physical aspects of the students. As for theoretical studies have touched researcher into several sections, including a historical overview of fitness as well as measurement and evaluation and general concepts about fitness and components and their impact on services functional to the human body, including the musculature and Aledma and nervous and circulatory and respiratory systems as well as its relationship to health, , Was also presented similar studies and related research topic. The search follow the steps in the following procedures : - Has been the use of the descriptive method and survey manner. - Distribution of discs (cd) for all Directorates of Education in Baghdad and the provinces and ordered a ministerial issued by the General Directorate of Physical Education and scouting a number (10351), dated 02/02/2014 contains seven tests and the explanation and AVI to all of the tests with illustrations for each test. - Research was conducted on a sample of students and pupils and students of Pan Iraq, except Kurdistan region and for all grades for the academic year (2013 - 2014) - It took seven tests using the search facility, and a kinetic 1 test speed the transition. 2 jump test of fortitude. B3 medical test throw the ball. 4 test Hnao belly. 5 - agility test.6 balancing test. 7 test flexibility. physical and kinetic tests for Iraqi schoolchildren. After analyzing the data using appropriate statistical methods have been gaining access to many of the most important conclusions were as follows : 1 - get the card Unified school sports for all students, starting from a first - grader and finished in sixth grade preparatory and contains seven tests of physical and kinetic study is divided into two classes per year and recorded all of the data 2 - get modified standard grades determine the levels of light and are evaluated on physical abilities and mobility for all tests 3 - discovery of talented students through the selection process The recommendations are : - 1 - urged the educational institution of education to adopt and apply the card Unified school sports and all the students and the whole of Iraq. 2 - the use of modified standard grades in the process of evaluating the students to study Physical Education and dispensing Calendar which is based on the classic Alkiefah and student grades in other materials. 3 - need for familiarity with the teacher or teacher's procedures and methods of application tests are ideal mainly based on the accuracy of time Alachtparokzlk distance test and the number of occurrences of the test.

تاثير تمرينات خاصة مصاحبة لوسائل مساعدة في بعض المتغيرات البدنية والبيوميكانيكية لمهارة القلبة الهوائية الخلفية المستقيمة المتبوعة بلفة كاملة على الحركات الارضية بالجمناستك بحث تجريبي على لاعبي منتخب ناشئي ميسان بالجمناستك باعمار من(11 - 14) سنة == The Impact of Special Exercises Associated With The Assistant Means On Some Physical And Biomechanical Variables of Open Back, Straight Skill Followed By Flip Twist On The Land Movements Carpet In Gymnastics

Author name: حيدر صبيح نجم التميمي
Supervisor name: نجاح مهدي شلش
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Gymnastics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اذ تطرق الباحث الى ان مستويات التطور العلمي والتقني والبحثي والنهوض في الاداء الحركي والذي تقدم بشكل سريع وخاصة في الالعاب التي تتميز بالسرعة وخفة الاداء المهاري كالجمناستك الذي هو العمود الاساس لكل الالعاب الرياضية الفردية الخاصة ولاسيما الحركات الارضية | First part : definition of research It touched a researcher to the levels of scientific and technical research development and advancement in locomotor performance and which offers fast, especially in games that are fast and light performance skills for Gymnastics which is the basis for the column for each individual sports special, especially ground movements and where performance requires the body and its parts very short has a time up to fractions of a second, which is difficult for most of the coaches in the identification and diagnosis of the strengths and weaknesses of the locomotors path and discover the precise errors art associated with the performance of the gymnast in order to overcome them and pointing strengths to deepen and upgrading of each player because of their dependence on qualitative analysis through visual experience and observation element that does not come to through the use of laboratory equipment and cameras cinematic quick analysis Al Biomechanical (Al kinematically and a kinetically) movements ground fast vehicle and strong in gymnastics for monitoring the movement is more accurate than the naked eye and reflected the importance of research in the researcher analyzed the performance motor skill vehicle restricted research analysis Biomechanical after placing special exercises associated with aids linked to the mechanical underpinnings of angles muscle work - related increase the effectiveness of muscle strength of the Supreme parties and the lower trunk and of distinctive force the speed and power of the explosive in the performance of the purpose of identifying the extent of their impact in Al Biomechanic variables that control the performance of the motor ideal for skill which is a special movements requirements ground and that is consistent with the modern approach to training for the development of the results in the hands of trained and informed on the developments in emerging digital data for their performance.Research Problem - : *The research problem materialize in missan youth team participating in tournaments diameter established by the Iraqi Central Union Gymnastics as well as through the presence of continuous researcher for the training team in the province and its competence and taught for this article found that a lot of rookies because of their exposure to some injuries as a result of the large number of errors in the performance of which is characterized by difficult and requires physically performance through mastery learning achievement requirements and variables physical and biomechanical access to the maximum suitable height for the center of the weight of the body to perform the full lap, which is characterized by force and speed, accuracy and balance, which in turn up the speed of their performance to high levels to form difficult for any coach, whatever the experience of observation and monitoring performance with the naked eye, but requires the use of cinematography machines and fast motion video. Prompting the researcher to develop special exercises for muscle power to develop and increase the effectiveness of the muscles involved in the performance and associated means of mechanical foundations help for the purpose of override the fear and anxiety, frequency and increase the effectiveness of the impact of physical Biomechanical variables that control the performance of the Round off for open back, straight skill followed by flip twist to youth team during the opinion of specialists and experts, including fit with the nature of the problem to be knowledge and the development of proposals and find appropriate solutions to address them.*Research Aims : - 1 - Preparation exercises, especially associated with the means to assist in the development of some of the variables that control the biomechanical and skill in the performance of Round off to his open back, straight skill followed by flip twist on the land movements carpet in Technical gymnastics off youth team Missan. 2 - Understand the impact of special exercises associated with the means to help develop according to some biomechanical variables that control the performance of the skill Round off to his open back, straight skill followed by flip twist on the land movements carpet in Technical gymnastics off youth team Missan.*Research hypotheses : - 1 - The existence of a statistical significant difference between the results of the tests before and after the experimental and control groups in some biomechanical factors and variables affecting the performance of the skill Round off to his open back, straight skill followed by flip twist on the land movements carpet in Technical gymnastics. 2 - The presence of statistically significant differences between the results of the post tests for the two experimental and control groups in some biomechanical factors and variables affecting the performance and skill Round off to his open back, straight skill followed by flip twist on the land movements carpet in Technical gymnastics and in favor of the experimental group.Research fields : - * - human field; - Missan youth team coach for the ages between gymnastic ( 11 - 14 ) - place field : - Specialist Station for gymnastic in the province Missan - time Field : period from 1 / 12 / 2013 till 10/4/2014 Second part Similar and theoretical studies - : * Turning researcher in this chapter to the many topics of theoretical studies and associated as theoretical studies included the definition of physical exercise and types as well as the types of exercises muscle strength and special characteristics and of the explosive force and outstanding speed, in addition to the concept of science Al Biomechanical and its branches and its importance 'body, and also touched on the researcher to the motor and the importance of analysis and rules' body and sections qualitative analysis (qualitative) analysis and quantitative (causal) and classifications, and in addition to the concept of carpet floor movements and groups of skill requirements, and special skills lapping around the longitudinal axis device of this device and the mechanical and technical foundations of the Round off for open back, straight skill followed by flip twist and variables biomechanical affecting them, either related studies make researcher to studies that have linked his research relationship Part three : research course & its field measures : - * The researcher in this chapter methodology used, since the experimental method used in a manner experimental and control groups. Was chosen as the research sample way intentional players from junior aged (11 - 14 years) and numbered (6) players, were randomly assigned after a Aaltkava to make sure the line to initiate research and the lack of homogeneity because of the small sample, then explained the steps to implement the research and how to determine the selection each of muscle strength AlBiomechanical and special extract scientific conditions have variables, variables AlB the relative importance of her conduct exploratory tests, and then install a date for the tribal tests where the sample was tested Pachtbarren capacity explosive and two tests distinctive ability as quickly and test Mehari performance for the movement in question, and then the curriculum design experimental proposed, as used in the curriculum special exercises accompanied by the means and devices help Belt weights and weights of iron represent 50% of the one - third of body weight once and the body itself again and my way of training and low high - intensity pulsation, and continued to approach for (10) weeks and by (30) and a training unit and then explained Find ways to extract the physical and biomechanical variables and analyzed by computer and then determine a date for the post tests and evaluation skill, and use statistical methods nonparametric Mann - Whitney and Cookxin tests before and after and post a posterior *Part four : offer results & analyze & discussion : After that finished researcher of his research procedures deliberately to address the results statistically according to the hypotheses of the research included the two main first eating view and analyze the results of the tribal tests and a posteriori the two sets of research in their own muscle strength tests and variables Al biomechanical and skill under.While included second axis discuss the results before and after the tests and post a posteriori the two sets of research in muscle strength and special skill and biomechanical variables under consideration. The researcher reinforced this section tables and charts for the coefficient of variation for each variable of the variables examined, as well as the sources that have enhanced procedures, which went to a researcher in the interpretation of the results of his research.Part Five : Conclusions & Recommendations : - *The conclusions include : - - 1 - That the proposed approach using the exercises, especially associated with the means to assist a positive effect The development of biomechanical variables and the ability of muscle to own arms and legs and that control the performance of the skill under discussion in the ground movements gymnastic junior experimental group through a significant difference between pre and post tests.2 - contributed special exercises associated with the effectiveness of the training aids in the development of mechanical and technical performance on accordance with the principles of mechanical skill under discussion in the post - test the experimental group compared to the tribal test of her hand, and compared to the control group on the other hand. 3 - the experimental group achieved a treatment effect in the advanced test explosive power and speed characteristic of the arms and legs in the post tests compared to the control group.4 - has achieved the experimental group developed significant for variables Angles starting the body and the advancement of the mile trunk after hopscotch and detailed diluted moment the first touch of the arm developed on the ground and the knee joint man advanced on the ground and the trunk when landing the moment the first touch of the land as well as the total time from the moment of hopscotch skill Round off in posteriori tests compared to the control group. - The recommendations include : - 1 - The need to adopt the proposed approach using special exercises associated with the means to help because of its positive role in the development of some biomechanical variables to the skill Round off to his open back, straight followed by flip twist of the research sample.2 - emphasis on the need to apply for players biomechanical variables under study because of its positive effect on the development of performance skills to the skill of the vehicle in question.3 - need to work by coaches and players to adopt requirements Al biomechanical affecting the performance and skill development, which recorded significant treatment effect in the values and the experimental group that achieved by the control group.4 - The need to emphasize performance skills to the skill Round off to his open back, straight followed by flip twist and starting from early ages and that This movement owned this vehicle Al Biomechanical many of the characteristics of the complex as well as a long period of time needed by the players to Mastery.5 - The need to conduct studies in the field of analysis for the study of the properties of Al biomechanical turn power - time to skill Round off to his open back flip twist reach full knowledge of power status (change in The amount of traffic) that are characterized by the movement of the legs during the performance skills using the platform to measure strength..6 - The need to emphasize at the situation mechanical right to the highest point of the high center of gravity of the body during to his open back flip twist because of their positive role in achieving the stability of the body to increase the amount of force inflicted by the player off the ground and Corresponds to of reaction equal and opposite direction through the body player, who is Order.7 - The need to emphasize the mechanical situation at right angles to the body and the basis of the principle of lengthening the radius of rotation to increase the speed of the peripheral trunk in addition to tweaking the direction of the axis of rotation of the winding through the rounded parts of the body from the axis of rotation to increase the angular velocity in line with the motor to be required.

تاثير التدريبات اللاهوائية في انزيم استيل كولين استريز وبعض المؤشرات الفسيولوجية والبدنية للاعبي المنتخب الوطني بالتنس الارضي == The Impact of Trainings Anaerobic In Enzyme Acetylcholine Esterase And Some Physiological And Physical Indicators of The National Team Players In Tennis

Author name: حسين علي حسين الكوفي
Supervisor name: امجاد عبد الحميد بدر الماجد
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Racket Games
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study aimed at preparing anaerobic exercises for tennis players and to know the effect of exercise on anaerobic fermentation (acetylcholine esterase) and some of the physical and physiological indicators of the research sample. The researcher used the experimental method, with one experimental group (pre and posttest). The sample consisted of (7) players from the Iraqi national team for men's tennis. They have been chosen by the intentional method and depended on a number of anaerobic exercises which were applied at the beginning of main section of the module and it took eight weeks and implemented as five training units per week. After the implementation of the exercises during the definite period, researcher comes up the following findings : The success of the methodology adopted for the exercises anaerobic in influencing the enzyme of acetylcholine esterase in increased activity within the muscle after the effort. There was no an increase in the activity of the enzyme by the effort also got an increase in the top and decrease in the area for the (EMG) test and a development in anaerobic, the phosphgenic physical ability and for the research sample. The researcher recommends the adoption of the methodology prepared for the anaerobic training in the development of enzymatic and physiological and neural activity tennis player. He also recommends the emphasis on the importance of conducting enzymatic and physiological and physical and electrical activity of the muscles on a regular basis for tennis players tests

انموذج مقترح لتطوير برنامج الاعداد المهني لطلبة كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة على وفق مؤشرات الجودة الشاملة == Proposed Model For The Development of Professional Preparation For Students of Physical Education And Sports Science Colleges According To The Total Quality Indicators Program

Author name: ثامر حماد رجه حمادي
Supervisor name: نبيل عبد الوهاب احمد العزاوي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Fitness
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thesis included five chaptersChapter One : definition of research and its importance.This chapter includes the introduction and the importance of research, as important address to the substance of a modernity somewhat, as well as knowledge of the possibility of the application of total quality in the professional preparation of the colleges of Physical Education and stand at the level of exercise program indicators, as well as the need for physical education colleges to such studies that contribute to the development of professional preparation program, and the placement of elements of the program to the process of continuous assessment on according to developments taking place in the goals and the global systems of modern to keep up with the development and keep pace with the modern world changes and the formation of positive attitudes towards vocational preparation effective product education and directing the efforts of workers to diagnose and repair and forecasting to work under the regulations indicators the world, and to achieve maximum score for quality in the educational process outputs and to address the competition that characterize today's world.Research problem : through researcher readings of the literature total quality as a pillar of the foundation to improve the quality setting and continuous improvement of the output of teaching and learning in educational institutions in general and the Physical Education colleges in particular. And that realization the goals of the educational institution according traditional methods are useless to the needs of the Beneficiaries, and become accessible to a high degree of proficiency and raise the professional level of performance is theCrequired end and pressing to get to the goal. According to informed researcher on research and previous studies of the efficiencies of the educational program of professional preparation in the colleges of Physical Education, the stability in the planning process of the components of the total program of educational effectiveness and institutional capacity, and the lack of standards and key indicators to measure the potential in the continuous improvement of the process of professional preparation for students. the duration on what it is without the calendar and the reform process of continuous development on the developments taking place in accordance with the elements lead to tarry educational process. Was to be the highlight of the reality of rehabilitation and preparation and to identify the areas and the main themes of the program of preparation for the students of the colleges of Physical Education and their effectiveness in improving and developing the reality of professional preparation they have, and stand on the most important obstacles that prevent this, and to develop an appropriate model for raising the level of education outcomes and meet the needs of the market Details work according to global systems for the total quality indicators.Chapter II : Theory and previous studies : Theory and previous studies of the relationship and include the study and researcher reviewed it, the literature on the development and concepts relating thereto, and then touched on the concept of software and its components and concepts related to the counter, and then browse the researcher to the literature on the calendar and understandable, and then the literature on the professional preparation for colleges Physical Education, and then review the literature on the total quality and the foundations and themes and ways of developing them, and criteria and indicators and global awards to those modern Systems.The previous studies were on the three sections (Iraqi studies, Arabic studies, foreign studies), and discussion and to highlight the similarities and differences and benefit from them in the current study.Chapter III : The field research methodology and procedures.This included door study methodology and procedures of the field, and in line with the nature of the problem the researcher used the descriptive survey manner for suitability study the problem, as this section contains a sample consisting of teachers and students of the colleges of Physical Education University (Baghdad, Basra, Diyala), totaling 346 individuals , and the rate of (130) teaching, and (216) students, to work the core sample of the study, an increase of (30%) of the total study population, was addressed to the tools used and steps to carry out the study, which included the use of the questionnaire form for research as a means to achieve top scorer, as the researcher thepreparation tool (fields and criteria and indicators) based on the literature and previous studies on the subject, and conduct the appropriate format to suit the school environment and the community in which they are applied, and make sure researcher of sincerity resolution using two types of the first ratified virtual honesty, viewing on a group of experts, and adopted degree (80% ) as a ratio to keep the paragraph that have their consent, and use, and the second honesty constructivist through the internal consistency of the paragraphs of the plants, and included tool initial its image to the private part areas (2) President, and (8) secondary areas, and (22) room for a sub, including (92 ) standard, and (399) an indication of the function specifications. After taking the guidance of experts, modify, delete and add, all the experts agreed to keep all the main, secondary and sub - areas, while private standards to ensure the later (84) standard, the private and the indices (332) indicator. And extracted the stability of the first tool in two ways retail midterm, reaching reliability coefficient to sample the teaching staff, and (f) of a sample of students. And second Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which amounted to reliability coefficient to sample the teaching staff, and (f) of a sample of students and is acceptable to the stability of transactions.Statistical data was treated using the bag for the program (spss) to obtain the required results, using all laws that achieve the desired goal of this study.Chapter IV : Results and analyzed and discussed.Eating Part IV Display search and analyze data and discuss using appropriate statistical methods and thus achieving the objectives of the study because the researcher to the results of grade obtained by the colleges of the possibility of the application of total quality indicators in the professional preparation for students of the colleges of Physical Education Program in Iraq in accordance with the total quality indicators. It got the final result of the identification of the estimate (average), and a weighted mean value (3.191) and the relative importance value (63.82). They do not have the appropriate degree of quality, but urges the pace down a pathTo achievetotal quality.Chapter V : Conclusions and recommendations and proposals.The researcher studied through to the most important conclusions and recommendations and the following proposals : Conclusions : 1. I got all colleges in light of the resolution submitted at the level of appreciation (average) in the quality check.2. Clear the possibility of dealing with the total quality indicators by professors and students to either end, which demonstrates the acceptance of this system of modern education systems by the higher education community in Iraq.E3. Application tutorial link on the comprehensive quality indicators requires dealing with all program vocabulary direct and indirect separately either, as they complement each other.4. Plans to double the application of total quality indicators.5. The interest of colleges focused on satisfaction of the Supreme Administrative authorities, but the total quality head down interest with the consent of the beneficiaries.6. Difficult to achieve the current setting specifications of the total quality of non - availability of integrated facilities in colleges program.5 - 2Recommendations : In light of the current search results researcher recommends the following : 1. The total quality indicators are most appropriate for the advancement of educational services efficiently and outputs and it directs the researcher need to apply international quality systems in the colleges of physical education indicators.2. Deployment of international quality and function indicators by culture and how to apply them in a procedural college of Physical Education.3. The need to identify the paragraphs of the setup program in the light of the total quality indicators systems within the proposed study of the requirements in the development of the model setup.4. Interest in the system settings (practical, and cultural, social, and professional) to achieve the same level of professional preparation according to the comprehensive quality systems integration indicators.5. Make way for the collective participation of beneficiaries in decision - making on scientific and administrative level.6. Develop and naming some of the world colleges to be the terms of reference for comparison.5 - 3Proposals : In light of the findings of the current research suggests researcher follows : 1. Publishing model development according to the setting on the total quality indicators program guide.2. Conduct studies to determine the obstacles to the application of professional preparation according to the total quality indicators program.3. To conduct a comparative study of professional preparation program between colleges of education and sports Iraqi colleges of education or sports Arab world and stand on the level difference between the two.
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