مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: he study includes the collection of 70 burns and wound swabs from patients of different hospitals, in Baghdad area, for the period from November 2013 to February 2014. 2) 31 isolates characterized as Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9 (45%) from wound and 22 (78.57%) from burn swabs, depending on the characteristics of the colonies phenotypic and microscopic when grown in differential selective media, as well as biochemical tests todiagnose isolates, Then the identification of these species were confirmed by using the system (GN I Card) using Vitek 2 device complementary step.3) The study includes sensitivity test towards 16 antibiotics for each species by using the system (AST Card) using Vitek 2 device, and the isolates ware Multi drug resistance, As results all isolates were resistant by 100 % for each of Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Ticarcillinclavoulanic acid, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone and Tigecycline. All strains were less resistance to Ceftazidime with percentage 50%. 4) All the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with percentage %100, have ability to produce protease enzyme.5) This study was use tow methods of biofilm formations seen in P. aeruginosa, Micro - titer plate method (MTP) and Tube method (TM), Results revealed that MTP was found to be more sensitiveand specific method for biofilm detection than TM. 6) Well diffusion method revealed the inhibitory effect of bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and its supernatants in the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa, and was the supernatant of L. rhamnosus GG isthe largest inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and P.aeruginosa with inhibition diameter 32 and 34 mm respectively, while the inhibition of growth by supernatant of L. acidophilus diameter 25 and 27 mm respectively. 7) Estimated the amount of protein in each of the biosurfactant and bacteriocine producers of L. rhamnosus GG bacteria concentration of 74, 54 Mg/mL respectively, while their concentration in bacteria L. acidophilus 44, 40 Mg / mL, respectively.8) Found that the bacteriocine product of bacteria L. rhamnosus GG and L. acidophilus GG have inhibitory effect on ability of P. aeruginosa to produce the enzyme protease, and the absence of this effect in the Biosurfactants the product of these two types.9) The biosurfactant product from L. rhamnosus GG showed inhibitory effect greater than the effect of the biosurfactant product from L. acidophilus to inhibition (production of biofilm and adhesion to epithelial cells).10) studied the suspension's effect of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus GG in contrived injuries wounds in mice contaminated with P. aeruginosa, Positive results have been shown to be affected by the contaminated bacteria injuries wounds.

دراسة تصنيفية لحشرات عائلة الخنافس الرواغة Staphylinidae : Coleoptera في بعض محافظات العراق

اسم المؤلف: كاظم عادل هادي

اسم المشرف: سعدون ابراهيم اسماعيل

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة مقارنة للتاثير السمي للزنبور الاحمر Vespa Orientalis L والزنبور الاصفر Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae على تحلل كريات الدم الحمراء والتخثر لدى الانسان == Poison Effects of Red Wasp Vespa Orientalis L. And Yellow Wasp Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) On The Decomposition of Red Blood Cells And Coagulation In Humans

اسم المؤلف: شهد فلاح عباس

اسم المشرف: سعدون ابراھیم اسماعیل | محمد عبد الرزاق الصوفي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: To study the impact of toxic of the the Red Wasp Vespa orientalis L. and yellow wasp Polistes olivaceaus (De Geer) from family (Vespidae) the decomposition of red blood cells and clotting in humans. Were collected 508 insect Red wasp was where the number of workes 390 insect the yellow wasp gathered 539 insect where the number of worker 418 insect, and the diagnosis was confirmed based on the taxonomic keys and professors speclalized in the natural history museum and then extracting machine stinging for poisonWasp red and yellow toxin were purified by gel filtration throw Sephacryl S - 200 were obtained on three peaks of proteins, and when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp red toxin, the lysis activity of separate P1 was 98% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 47.3 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P2 was 62% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 27.53 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 13.67 minutes, so P1 separate from Wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics, while when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp yellow toxin, the lysisactivity of separate P2 was 91% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 43.8 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P1 was 49% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 19.28 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 7.52 minutes, so P2 separate from wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics The molecular weight of wasp red and yellow toxin the protein cm wasp red toxin P1 was 22387 Da and wasp yellow toxin P2 was 22382 Da using the gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200, while the carbohydrates content were 60.057 and 44.460 mg/ ml for wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin respectively as determined by phenol - sulfuric acid method, and type of link between carbohydrates and protein in the separate P1 and P2 investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 490 nm.The percentage of iron in wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin were 0.88 and 0.44 ppm respectively as determined by atomic absorption, the contain proteins separate P1 and P2 on the iron were investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 557 nm. The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 38 and 79% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at optimum pH to be 17.9 and 37.3 min at pH 4 and 8, respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P1 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 6 - 7.5, but it lost 67 and 25% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 15.6 and 35.4 minutes respectively The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 18 and 37% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at optimum pH to be 8.7 and 35.6 min at pH 4 and 8 respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P2 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 5.5 - 8, but it lost 74 and 19% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 12.6 and 39.5 minutes respectively The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 refer to increase activity by increasing the action temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then lysis activity was decreased to be about 4% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 1.8 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning to decrease with increasing temperature to loses 84% of its original lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at 35oCto be 2.3 min at 80oC.The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 refer to increase activity by increasing the reaction temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then Lysis activity was decreased to be about 8% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 3.9 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning todecrease with increasing temperature to loses 98% of its original Lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at 35oC to be 5.3 min at 80oC.The results refer to found a relationship between the influence of the wasp type and dose on the red blood cells lysis degree in males and females, it was observed that the concentration had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in females, it was 0.401 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 0.331 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in males, it was 1.020 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 0.842 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, also it refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05) between the effect of the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin and dose on the red blood cells clotting time in females, itwas 46.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 46.20 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells clotting time in males, it was 47.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 40.47 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, there was no significant effects for blood clotting time when making a comparison between the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin for eachconcentration in females and males. The compared between red blood cells clotting time due the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin dose in females and males did not refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05), the clotting time for wasp red P1 was 46.80 and 47.80 min at concentration 100% for females and males respectively, while the clotting time at concentration 6.25% was 17.30 and 17.10 min for females and males respectively, whilst the clotting time red blood cells due wasp yellow P2 toxin in females was 46.20 min and 47.40 min in males at concentration 100%, and it was 17.00 min in females and 17.10 min in males at concentration 6.25%.

اسم المؤلف: مهند احمد الحداد

اسم المشرف: حكمت عبد الرحيم الغراوي

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم اصابة المفصل الفكي الصدغي عند مرضى الصدفية باستعمال التصوير المقطعي المحوسب للكشف عن التغيرات المفصلية == Evaluation of The Involvement of The Tempromandibular Joint In Patients With Psoriasis Using Computed Tomography For Detection of Psoriatic Arthritis Changes

اسم المؤلف: منتهى فوزي صالح

اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي تشير الى مصطلح مركب يحتوي على عدة حالات تتضمن المفصل الصدغي,التركيبات المحيطة او كلاهما.اضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي هي مجموعة اعراض معقدة اكثر من كونها حالة معينة واحدة, ويعتقد انها تنتج من عدة عوامل مثل : العوامل الجينية, ال | Tempromandibular disorders is a collective term, embracing several clinical problems involving the muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), or both.Tempromandibular disorders is a symptom complex rather than a single condition, and it is thought to be caused by multiple factors like : genetic, developmental and metabolic.TMDs form a cluster of related disorders with common symptoms which include localized pain, limited or asymmetric movement, and clicks or grating on opening.Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy that affects patients with psoriasis. Psoriatic arthritis is most commonly a seronegative oligoarthritis found in patients with psoriasis and therefore occurs more commonly in patients with tissue type HLA - B27. The clinical findings for Tempromandibular Psoriatic arthritis are pain, tenderness, limitation of movement , joint stiffness, clicking as the jaw is opened or closed, difficulty in opening the mouth, locking of the jaw,and crepitations. These findings are essentially the same as for Tempromandibular disorders.• Objective of the study : • To determine the extent of tempromandibular joint involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis.• To correlate between clinical findings and radiographic finding.Materials and method : In this study 98 patients were selected ,50 male and 48 female, their age ranged between(18 - 68)years. They were collected at Al - yarmook teaching hospital/department of dermatology during the period from ( NOV 2014 - May 2015).They were diagnosed as having psoriatic arthritis by a dermatologist according to (Moll and Wright diagnostic criteria 1973).These patients were sent to rheumatoid factor test RF to exclude the presence of rheumatoid arthritic disease, then the patients were exposed to CT scanning for the Tempromandibular joint in Al - Yarmook teaching hospital for screening the involvement of TMJ with psoriatic arthritis by the presence of any radiographic changes such as erosion, flattening,osteophyte and sclerosis in the condylar head.Results : The result of the study showed that the mean age of psoriatic arthritic patients in TMJ was (44.2) years, and the female percentage was (48.4%) and the male was (51.6%). Psoriatic arthritis in TMJ showed high significance in the unilateral side symptoms (100%) it was significant in patients with positive family history (54.8%), and non significant in the right/left ratio (41.9%). Oligo type was found in twenty six patients (83.9%) with significant p - value. Clinically, all symptoms including clicking, tenderness and tempromadibular joint pain were highly significant, limitation showed (54.8%), TMJ pain showed (64.5%) and tenderness showed (54.8%).Radiologically : CT scan showed sensitivity for erosion in TMJ (54.8%), for osteophyte (32.3%), for condylar flattening (16.1%) and for sclerosis (9.7%) while specificity for all were (100%). Association between clinical symptoms and radiological changes showed non significant correlation. Conclusions : Psoriatic arthritis of TMJ has been found oftenly unilateral (oligo type). Female/ male ratio is about 1 : 1. nearly 50% of patients were having limitation in mouth opening. Most of the patients were having positive family history.The development of psoriatic arthritis in TMJ is related to the duration of the disease. Plaque psoriasis is the most associated type with the psoriatic arthritis in TMJ. Most of patients with psoriatic arthritis show psoriatic nail changes. The most radiographic findings found in patients with psoritic arthritis was erosion in the condylar head. There is association between clinical and radiologic findings for psoriatic arthritis in TMJ.

ضبط الحواف ومقاومة الكسر لاغلفة ال Ceramill Sintron المعدنية المصممة والمصنعة بالحاسوب مكسوة بثلاث انواع مختلفة من الخزف == Marginal Discrepancy And Fracture Resistance of CAD\CAM Ceramill Sintron Metal Copings With Different Porcelain Materials

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى نبيل عبد الغني

اسم المشرف: عمار عطا الله علي السعدي

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: دقة الحواف والقوة، لاي ترميم معوض للاسنان هي صفة مهمة. ويمكن اعتبارعدم تطابق للحواف او قلة القوة سبب مهم يؤدي الى فشل التعويضات الاصطناعية للاسنان.لذلك تم اجراء هذا البحث لغرض تقييم اختلاف ظبط حافات ومقاومة الكسر لتيجان السيراميك المصنعة من اغلفة الC | Marginal fit and strength are important criteria for any restoration; poor marginal fit and low strength may be considered as a source of prosthesis failure. This study was performed to compare the marginal fit changes and facture resistance of metal ceramic crowns constructed from Ceramill Sintron metal coping veneered with three different porcelain veneering materials (Vita Master Koromikos VMK, Willi Geller Creation CC and GC initial MC). Also evaluating the influence of thermocycling on load at fracture value. The method included the use of master brass die which was milled to represent the prepared maxillary central incisor. Sixty metal copings were milled directly using Ceramill Sintron blank, then divided randomly into three groups. Each group consist of twenty metal copings, then veneered with porcelain : VITA for group A, Creation for group B and GC for group C. The marginal gap was measured before and after porcelain veneering for each group using travelling light microscope, then marginal fit changes was calculated. Fracture resistance test was done by Instron®, the master die was duplicated to sixty analogs then each analog was fixed into acrylic base. After that each crown was cemented onto the corresponding die analog using zinc phosphate cement. Ten samples of each group were subjected to compressive loading to fracture and other ten subjected to thermocycling followed by compressive loading to fracture.The result showed that GC group was highly significant different from other tested groups in marginal fit changes, whereas there was no significant different between VITA and Creation group. While there was significant difference among tested group at (P < 0.01) in fracture resistance, and the effect of thermocycling process did not significantly reduce the load at fracture for all groups.This study concluded that GC group present the least marginal fit changes, while the fracture resistance was highest for VITA group follow by Creation then GC. Thermocycling reduce load at fracture but not significantly.

A Comparative Study To Evaluate Canal Transportation And Centering Ratio At Different Levels of Simulated Curved Canals Prepared By Irace, Protaper NEXT And Protaper Universal Files == A Comparative Study To Evaluate Canal Transportation And Centering Ratio At Different Levels of Simulated Curved Canals Prepared By Irace, Protaper NEXT And Protaper Universal Files

اسم المؤلف: محمد علي فاضل

اسم المشرف: Hikmet A. Sh. Al | Gharrawi

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تحضير قناة الجذر يشمل كلا من تشكيل وتوسيع المساحة اللبية بالاضافة الى تطهيرها من الجراثيم، من دون اي خطا اجرائي هو من اقصى درجات التفضيل. حديثا، في مجال تطبيقات حشوات الجذور، ادوات النيكل تيتانيوم اصبحت تستخدم بصورة شائعة لتنظيف وتشكيل قناة الجذر. ادوات ا | Root canal preparation includes both shaping and enlargement of the endodontic space in conjunction with its disinfection, without any procedural error is of the utmost preference. Recently, in endodontic practice, the nickel - titanium instruments are used commonly for the preparation of the root canal space. Nickel - titanium instruments are much more flexible than stainless steel files and have superior cutting efficiency. Super - elasticity of nickel - titanium rotary instruments allows the clinicians to produce the desirable tapered root canal form with a reduced tendency to canal transportation and instrument fracture. The target of this study was to measure and compare the canal transportation and centering ability of iRaCe and ProTaper NEXT nickel titanium instruments with ProTaper Universal instruments in simulated curved canals at different levels and compare canal transportation and centering ability among different levels for each tested instrument.Sixty simulated curved canals of 40°curvature were randomly divided into three groups of twenty canals each; the first group (group A) was prepared with iRaCe instruments, the second group (group B) was prepared with ProTaper NEXT instruments and the third group (group C) was prepared with ProTaper Universal instruments. The canals were prepared to an apical size 30 by crown - down instrumentation technique. Removal of material was measured at five different levels : at the canal orifice (O), half way to the orifice in the straight sections (HO); the beginning of the curve (BC); the crest of the curve (AC); the end point (EP). Pre - and post - operative photos of the simulated canals were taken in a standardized technique at magnification of 40X. An assessment of canals shape has been determined using Photoshop CC 2014 and AutoCAD 2014 software program. The data of canal transportation as well as centering ratio were analyzed statistically using Shapiro - Wilk, ANOVA and LSD tests.Within the limitation of this study, it is shown that canals preparation with the three designs of NiTi instruments produced canal transportation. However, the iRaCe instruments showed a significantly less canal transportation and a significantly better centering ability than both ProTaper NEXT and ProTaper Universal instruments at all levels of measurements, followed by ProTaper NEXT instruments that showed a significantly less canal transportation and significantly better centering ability at all levels when compared with ProTaper Universal, while the ProTaper Universal instruments showed the highest values of canal transportation and the worst ability to stay centered in the canals at all levels. Considering the direction of canal transportation, the iRaCe instruments showed minimal transportation towards inner aspect of canal at coronal and at the apex of curve and towards outer aspect of canal at middle, beginning of curve and at the end point of the preparation, while ProTaper NEXT instruments were showed transportation usually towards the inner aspect of the canal at middle part of the canal and towards the outer aspect at coronal, beginning of curve, apex of curve and at the endpoint of the preparation, while ProTaper Universal files were usually towards the inner aspect at middle part of the canal and towards the outer aspect at coronal, beginning of curve, apex of curve and at the endpoint of the preparation.

الانتشار والعلاقة بين اضطرابات المفصل الصدغي بين طلاب طب الاسنان على اساس معايير التشخيص والاجهاد والاضطرابات الفموية == Prevalence And Correlations Between Temporomandibular Disorders In Dental Students Based On Diagnostic Criteria (DC/TMD) , Parafunctions And Psychoemotional Stress

اسم المؤلف: علا علي خلف

اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اضطرابات المفصل الصدغي والاضطرابات الفموية يبدو انها مشكلة متكررة في المجتمعات الحديثة. ويرتبط الباثولوجيا السببية المفصل الصدغي الى العضلات، واقواس الاسنان، ودواعم الاسنان. وتشمل الاسباب الرئيسية على حد سواء العوامل الفيزيولوجية المرضية والنفسية وا | Bagkground : The temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral parafunctions seem to be a frequent problem in modern societies. The etiopathology of the temporomandibular joints is related to muscles, teeth arches, and periodontium. Their main causes involve both pathophysiological and psychosocial factors. In the literature, a significant impact of the psychoemotional factor is reported, comparable to the impact of other factors concerning physical health such as systemic diseases, malocclusions, loss of teeth, and traumas. Stress, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and a fast pace of life affect negatively the human psyche.Aim of study : The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral parafunctions, as well as their correlation with psychoemotional factors among dental students by using diagnostic criteria (DC/TMD).Subjects, materials and methods : the sample’s size of 407 students (169 males and 238 females) of dental college (100 fifth stage , 102 fourth stage ,99 third stage and 106 second stage ). Firstly students subjected for stress questionnaire (perceived stress scale - 10) , secondly they subjected to different clinical and questionnaire measures according to diagnostic criteria of temporomandibular disorders DC/TMD (axis1) which have standerized series of diagnostic tests based on clinical signs and symptoms , finally the dental students subjected for oral parafunctions questionnaire using oral behavior checklist.Results : the results obtained from this study showed that the prevalence of TMDs was significantly greater among students with oral parafunctions. We also observed that the prevalence of TMDs according to DC/TMD was higher among students with headache.In this study, the prevalence of psycho - emotional stress , TMD according to DC/TMD and oral parafunctions were higher in females than males and in fifth stage greater than other stages.Conclusion : • the prevalence of TMDs according to DC/TMD were significantly higher among females than males.• Oral parafunctions ( bruxism , cheek/lips biting , objects biting and nail biting ) showed greater prevalence in fifth stages than others and higher in females than males • In all stages females showed greater prevalence of psycho - emotional stress than males and among students of fifth stage the prevalence of psycho - emotional stress was higher than other stages.

قوة الدفع الرابطة الى الخارج والتسرب القمي للمواد (MTA Plus, Biodentine and Bioceramic) بتقنية حشوة ثلث القمي للجذر : دراسة مختبرية == Push - Out Bond Strength And Apical Microleakage of (Mta Plus, Biodentine, And Bioceramic)As Apical Third Filling (An In Vitro Study)

اسم المؤلف: عبير علي عباس

اسم المشرف: جمال عزيز مهدي

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: معالجة الاسنان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اجريت هده الدراسة المختبرية لتقيم قدرة ختم لثلاث مواد استعملت ( بتقنة حشوة ثلث القمي لقناة الجذر ) باستعمال اختبار قوة الربط الدفع الى الخارج ودراسة التسرب القمي.ستين جذر حلقي الاسنان العلوية ذو قناة مستقيمة ذات فتحة قمية مكتملة التكوين مختارة بعناية وفق | This study was conducted to evaluate the sealing ability of three materials used as apical third filling by using push - out bond strength test and apical microleakage study.Sixty straight palatal roots of freshly extracted maxillary first molars were selected. All teeth had mature apices, selected carefully according to specific criteria. The roots were instrumented using crown down technique with rotary Protaper universal system, instrumentation were done with 5ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite used as irrigation between files, 17% buffered solution of EDTA was used as final irrigant followed by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite then 10ml distilled water to remove any remnant of irrigant. Roots were randomly divided into three groups according to the filling materials used ( twenty roots for each group) : Group (1) : MTA Plus ( 4mm thickness) using as apical third filling. Group (2) : Biodentine (4mm thickness) using as apical third filling.Group (3) : Bioceramic root repair material (4mm thickness) using as apical third filling.Easy and Quick (E&Q) obturation system were used to complete obturation of roots. After incubation period at 37 °C for three days. Ten roots from each group were used for push - out test, after root were embedded in clear acrylic resin, sectioned at apical level in 2mm and 4mm from root apex to provide slice 2mm in thickness. The bond strength was measured using computerized universal testing machine, each section fixed in the machine so that the load applied from apical to coronal direction at 0.5mm/min speed and the computer drew curve to show the higher bond force before dislodgment of the filling material. These force were divided by surface area to obtain the bond strength in MPa.After debonding each sample was examined under Stereomicroscope and the type of failure mode was recorded. The result showed non significant different between Biodentine group and MTA Plus group. Biodentine group showed a very high significant difference with Bioceramic material group. Also high significant difference between MTA Plus group and Bioceramic material group. The Biodentine group showed highest mean of bond strength in comparison to other test group.Ten roots remain from each group used for apical microleakage study. The roots submerged in 2% methylene blue for three days. The roots were cleared and the degree of linear dye penetration was measured in millimeter by stereomicroscope under 40 X magnification with calibrated scale ocular grid. The result showed the Biodentine group lowest mean of microleakage than other group while Bioceramic material group showed high mean of microleakage than other groups. There are no significant difference among groups. There is positive correlation between push - out bond strength and an apical dye penetration in microleakage for each group of material.

فشل القشور الخزفية المصنوعه من السيراميك باستخدام تقنيات اللصق المختلفة : دراسة مقارنة مختبرية == Failures of Porcelain Laminate Veneers Using Different Techniques of Bonding (A Comparative In Vitro Study)

اسم المؤلف: صفا عدنان كعيد

اسم المشرف: عمار عطا الله علي السعدي

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Esthetic dentistry as a concept and adhesive materials development as a functional element make the new dawn of dentistry especially with the continuous development of adhesive techniques. This study is to evaluate the failure patterns of porcelain laminate veneers used to esthetically restore maxillary first premolar by bonding them to enamel and dentin with two different techniques.Forty eight extracted human maxillary first premolar were used for this study. Teeth were divided randomly into one control group and three experimental groups of twelve teeth eachGroup (A) were prepared in enamel (0.5 mm) depth of preparation. Group (B) were prepared in dentin (1 mm) depth of preparation and their veneers were bonded by DDS technique. Group (C) were prepared in dentin (1 mm) depth of preparation and their veneers were bonded by IDS technique. Standard preparation for each tooth in the experimental groups with ceramic veneer set burs especially designed for laminate veneer preparation. All the experimental groups were restored with the same type of veneer which was lithium disilicate ceramic CAD/CAM blocks (IPS e. max CAD, ivoclar vivadent) and were milled by CAD/CAM technology (CEREC inLab 4.02 milling system, Sirona).For all the experimental groups, Choice™2 veneer cement (Bisco, USA) was used for the luting of veneers. After cementation, teeth were stored in distilled water in 37°C for one week. The specimens were loaded to failure using instron universal testing machine. Specimens in experimental groups were examined by stereomicroscope at magnification of 20x to evaluate the mode of failure.Results were statistically analyzed and showed that the highest mean of failure load was recorded for the control group (548.1 N ± 93.2), for group (A) the mean of failure load was (393.4 N ± 84.2), and for Group (B) had the mean of failureAbstract IIIload was (237.8 N ± 91.6), and for group (C) the mean of failure load was (318 N ± 82.2).The one way ANOVA test was carried out and showed that there is a statistically high significant difference among the groups.Then the LSD test have shown that there is a statistically high significant difference between the control group and all three of the experimental groups, and there was a statistical high significant difference between group (A) and group (B), while group (C) have shown that there is a statistical significant difference with groups (A) and (B).The mode of failure varied from only debonding in groups (B and C) to deboning and fracture in group A.In conclusion, this study found that although enamel is still the most favorable tooth substrate for indirect adhesive restorations, the development of bonding techniques like IDS made dentin as acceptable tooth substrate for indirect adhesive restorations when it's unavoidable.

تقييم صحة الفم والبروتينات اللعابية لدى المرضى المصابين بمرض باركنسن == Assessment of The Oral Health And Saliva Proteins In Patients With Parkinsons Disease

اسم المؤلف: صباح فرحان مشتت

اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | مروان صالح النمر

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Background : Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder related to the loss or absence of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The deficits caused by PD result in slowness of movement, tremor, rigidity, and dysfunction of behavior and these symptoms negatively influence the patient’s capability to carry out the daily oral hygiene manoeuvres.Aims of study : This study aims at using saliva as a biological fluid for assessment in detecting the biomarkers of Parkinson's disease and to assess the impact of this disease on the oral health of patients.Materials and methods : A total number of fourty participants were involved in the study; twenty subjects who appeared healthy (Group I) and twenty Parkinson's patients (Group II). Patients who are eligible for this study were cases of Parkinson's disease treated with anti - Parkinson's medications, both genders and their ages ranged from 40 - 75 years. Specific information related to the demographic characteristics and illness is obtained from each patient. The Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson’s disease established by United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society was used. Each patient was subjected to oral examination during which DMF index was scored, oral health impact Profile OHIP - 14 was used and from each participant the whole unstimulated saliva was collected for biochemical analysis including total salivary protein, direct determination of saliva proteins and determination of ? - synuclein. Results : many oral and clinical signs and symptoms elsewhere in the body were reported in the patient with Parkinson's disease while the clinical features of Parkinson's disease observed in all patients despite of their treatment. Static tremor observed in 100%, rigidity in 70%, disturbances in the autonomic nervous system reflected on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, orthostatic dizziness observed in 75%, dry mouth in 65% difficulties in swallowing in 40% and constipation in 70%. Teeth examination revealed that Parkinson's patients have a non - significant high means of decay and missing teeth compared with healthy subjects. The total saliva protein in Parkinson's patients is significantly higher than the corresponding value of healthy subjects. The extinction coefficient of uncontaminated protein in Parkinson's patients is significantly less than the corresponding values of healthy subjects and salivary ? - synuclein level is significantly less in Parkinson's patients than healthy subjects.Conclusions : Salivary ? - synuclein may serves as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Specific protein with extinction coefficient 27.5 M.Cm - 1 is secreted in saliva of Parkinson's patients. The characteristic saliva protein produced in patients with Parkinson's disease is deficient in tyrosine level and Dental care is required for both groups (Parkinson's patients and healthy subjects).

الاستريتين الفموي مقابل غلوكونات الزنك عن طريق الفم : دراسة علاجية مقارنة وعبورية في علاج مرض بهجت == Oral Acitretin Versus Oral Zinc Gluconate As A Comparative Cross - Over Therapeutic Study In Treatment of Behcet,S Disease

اسم المؤلف: سناء عبد الحميد حسين

اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | عادل عبد الغفور النعيمي

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اساس البحث : مرض بهجت هو اضطراب جهازي حيث ان اسبابه المرضيه ليست محدده جيده.المظاهر الاكثر شيوعا هي الاغشيه المخاطيه الجلديه ولكن يمكن ان يشمل العين, انظمة القلب,الاوعيه الدمويه والجهاز العصبي. هناك العديد من طرائق المعالجه الموضعيه والجهازيه. تمت محاول | Background : Behcet’s disease is a systemic disorder where its etiopathogenesis is not well determined. The commonest manifestations are muccocutaneous but can involve eye, cardiovascular and neurological systems. There are many modalities of therapy topical and systemic.Isotretinion has been tried as an effective therapy of muccocutaneous manifestations. In present work was to try a new retinoid like acitretin which has longer half life than isotretinoin.Aims of the study : To evaluate the effectiveness of oral acitretin versus oral zinc gluconate in the treatment and prophylaxis of Behcet’s disease as a new therapeutic model.Materials and methods : This cross over controlled therapeutic study that conducted in the Department of Dermatology - Baghdad Teaching Hospital the period from August 2013 - May 2014.Twenty patients with fulfilled criteria of Behcets’s disease was included in this work. History and full examination were done for all patients regarding all demo - garaphic points related to the disease. They were given acitretin 25 mg orally once daily for three months to be seen on the day fourteenth firstly and then monthly to be assessed depending on the clinical manifestation index for Behcets disease. After three months, acitretin was stopped and patients were given zinc gluconate 25 mg twice daily for another three months. Results : Twenty patients were treated 12 males (60%), and 8 females (40%), with male to female ratio 1.5 : 1. All these patients completed the study and their ages ranged between 20 - 59 years with mean± SD (37.3±12.3). Pathergy both ordinary and oral were also minimized by this therapy while C - reactive protein was not much effective by this therapy. Zinc gluconate also had the same therapeutic action against these manifestations. Clinical manifestations index before treatment ranged between 1 and 11 with mean ± SD of 5.65±1.98.After acitretin therapy the mean of CMI started to decline to reach 2.65 ±2.03 in first month of the therapy with (p=0.00001) which was statistically high significant and continued high significant till the end of the third month with (p - value > 0.000001). After cessation of acitretin and zinc gluconate started the mean continued to decrease to reach 2.05±2.52 at the end of the first month with (p=<0.000001) which was statistically high significant then; started to increase to reach 3.3 ±2.31 at the end of six month of the therapy but statistically remained high significant (p - value=0.0007). Both acitretin and zinc gluconate have statistically significant effect in reducing severity and frequency of oral ulcers, genital ulcers, skin and rheumatologic manifestations. Conclusions : oral acitretin was found to be an effective therapy in addition to its prophylactic action in treatment of muccocutaneous manifestations of Behcet,s disease. Also zinc gluconate had effective therapeutic action against these features of Behcet’s disease.

تاثــير مستوى الاسترادايول والبروجستيرون في اللعاب على حالة صحة الفم عند النساء اثناء الحمل == Effects of Salivary Level of Estradiol And Progesterone On Oral Health Status In Women During Pregnancy

اسم المؤلف: زينة كامل كاظم

اسم المشرف: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: الحمل هو حالة فسيولوجية تجلب مجموعة واسعة من التغييرات في حياة المراة، بما في ذلك التعرض لامراض اللثة، ربما بسبب التغيرات الهرمونية المرتبطة مع الحمل. قد تؤثر الهرمونات الجنسية على اغشية الفم واللثة وربما هذا يؤدي الى العديد من الامراض اللثوية. ان هرمونا | Pregnancy is a physiological state that brings a wide range of changes in a woman’s life, including a susceptibility to gingival disease, probably due to hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. These female sex hormones may modify the oral mucosa and may lead to various degrees of gingival inflammation. The hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy may be associated with pregnancy gingivitis and gingival bleeding. Sex hormones are specific regulatory molecules have long been considered to play an influential role on periodontal tissues especially gingiva, bone turnover rate, wound healing and periodontal disease progression. Aims of the study1. Assessment of oral hygiene level and dental status in both second and third trimester pregnant women and compares results.2. Assessment salivary hormonal levels of endogenous female sex steroids in both second and third trimester pregnant women and compares results.3. Comparison of oral health status and endogenous female sex steroids salivary hormonal levels between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of both second and third trimester pregnant women groups.4. Find out the association between the gingival health status and salivary hormonal levels of endogenous female sex steroids (Estradiol and progesterone).Materials and methods This study was carried out on seventy - eight pregnant women who were attended for routine and regular follow up visits in obstetrics and gynecology department at Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, from February 2013 to July 2013. This study was approved by the scientific committee in the department of oral medicine college of dentistry Al - Mustansiriya University. They were divided according to gestational age in to second trimester group and third trimester group. Fifty pregnant women (age range 18 - 38 years) and at gestational age was ranged between (20 - 27 weeks) were recruited as 2nd trimester group and Twenty - eight pregnant women (age range 18 - 39 years) at gestational age ranged between (28 - 33 weeks) were recruited as 3rd trimester group and according to Loe and Silness gingival index these two groups subdivided into gingivitis and non - gingivitis groups. Oral clinical examination including an assessment of gingival inflammation (Loe and Silness Gingival Index), Plaque amount (Silness and Loe Plaque Index), dental status (Decayed Missing Filling Teeth), and salivary flow rate (SFR) had also been done. Samples of whole unstimulated (resting) saliva were collected from all participants then investigated for sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Estradiol, Progesterone. Results and discussion Oral health measurements including : GI, PLI, SFR and DMFT showed no significant difference between 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester groups. Sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Progesterone showed a significant difference with higher mean value in 3rd trimester pregnant women than 2nd trimester pregnant women while sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Estradiol showed no significant difference between two groups. Comparisons between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of 2nd trimester pregnant women group showed that there was highly significant difference in SFR with higher mean value in non - gingivitis group, and there was highly significant difference in PLI with higher mean value in gingivitis group, DMFT showed non - significant difference between the subgroups and (Estradiol and progesterone) salivary hormonal levels showed highly significant difference with higher mean values in gingivitis group. Comparisons between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of 3rd trimester pregnant women group showed that there was a non - significant difference in SFR, DMFT and a highly significant difference in PLI with higher mean value in gingivitis group, while progesterone salivary hormonal levels showed non - significant difference and Estradiol salivary hormonal levels showed a highly significant difference with higher mean value in gingivitis group. Comparison of GI between gingivitis groups of both 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnant women showed that there was a significant difference with higher mean value in 3rd trimester. Estradiol and progesterone salivary hormonal levels were non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis and non - gingivitis group of 2nd trimester pregnant women. Progesterone salivary hormonal level was non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis and non - gingivitis group of 3rd trimester pregnant women while Estradiol salivary hormonal level was non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for non - gingivitis group and significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis group. GI and PLI for gingivitis groups of both 2nd and 3rd trimester revealed that there was a highly significant correlation.Conclusions Female Sex steroids hormones (Estradiol and Progesterone) salivary hormonal levels significantly increase from the second to the third trimester especially Estradiol and Play an important role in influencing gingival inflammation during pregnancy. These hormones are neither necessary nor sufficient to produce gingival changes by themselves. However, they may alter periodontal tissue responses to microbial plaque and thus indirectly contribute to gingivitis. Dental status in pregnant women is not significantly different between 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnant women groups. Women should be offered training in good oral hygiene habits, and community awareness programs should be conducted to increase their awareness of the crucial importance of such habits especially during pregnancy

قياس قوة الدفع للخارج لحشوات الجذور GuttaFlow 2 , Thermafil وGuttaCore : دراسة مختبرية == Push Out Bond Strength of Guttaflow 2, Thermafil, And Guttacore Obturation Materials (An In Vitro Study)

اسم المؤلف: حيدر طالب فاضل

اسم المشرف: جمال عزيز مهدي

الموضوع العام: طب الاسنان

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: معالجة الاسنان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد الرحيم ابراهيم ضاحي

اسم المشرف: شذى الخطيب | صباح مهدي حسين

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية السريرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الطب - قسم الكيمياء الحياتية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

استهلاك الجسم للاوكسجين اثناء عملية التروية القلبية - الرئوية باستخدام ماكنة القلب والرئة الصناعية عند درجات الحرارة الاعتيادية والمنخفضة == Correction Of QT, QTp, And Tpte Intervals To Heart Rate

اسم المؤلف: همام عبد الرحمن ابراهيم العبيدي

اسم المشرف: نبا عبد اللطيف رشيد ناجي | احمد عبودي نعمة المحمودي

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء الطبية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This study was conducted in pursuit of gaining a better understanding of the importance of hypothermia for cardiac surgery, and for CABG in particular. Most of the cardiac surgeons worldwide are accustomed to the use of mild hypothermia (32 - 35)°C for CABG procedures. Studies showed however that the risks of exposing the patient to mild hypothermia are similar to the risks endured during moderate hypothermia (28 - 32)°C. Objectives This study sought to weigh the benefits of mild hypothermia and moderate hypothermia against that of normothermia (35 - 37)°C concerning their impact on tissue oxygen consumption. Design This study is Prospective, randomized, comparative and purely observational and does not involve any intervention to the patient beyond the standard normal management. Setting At the department of physiology, college of medicine, Al - Mustansiriyah university in cooperation with the Iraqi Center for Heart Diseases and Ibn Al - Bitar Specialized Cardiac Surgery Center, in Baghdad, between December 2014 and April 2015. Patients, materials and methods Seventy patients, (55) males and (15) females, undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) were included in this study. Patients were allocated into three groups according to the surgeon's preferences; viz (normothermia, mild hypothermia and moderate hypothermia). Systemic complications associated with hypothermia were investigated via chemical analysis of the blood samples for renal and liver functions. Blood samples were collected two times during CPB from the arterial and venous ports of the oxygenator and were immediately analyzed to determine oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery. Results The decrease in the temperature for the hypothermic groups showed similar values of oxygen delivery (DO2) to that of normothermia (3537)°C at the same period during CPB. There were no noticeable changes between normothermia and mild hypothermia (32 - 35)°C. However, for moderate hypothermia (28 - 32)°C, there was a remarkable decrease in the oxygen consumption (VO2). The biochemical analysis for renal and liver functions in the normothermia and moderate hypothermia groups showed no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative results. However, in the group with mild hypothermia there was a significant change in results. Conclusion Moderate hypothermia rather than mild hypothermia proves to be of more benefit to the tissues when compared to normothermic conditions, as it significantly reduces tissue oxygen consumption. Moreover, even normothermia was found to be superior to mild hypothermia due to the latter's adverse effects on renal and liver functions while it maintains similar results with regards to oxygen consumption.

قياس وتفسير وامكانية الاستخدام السريري لتشتت فترات QT والمعلمات لتخطيط صدى القلب في مرضى مرض القلب الاقفاري == Measurement, Interpretation, And Use Of Clinical Potential Of QT Dispersion And Intervals With Echocardiographic Parameters In Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

اسم المؤلف: فراس عبد الودود عبد العزيز

اسم المشرف: تقي علي موسى الموسوي الواجدي | بسام طالب فائق الكيلاني

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء الطبية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اجري تخطيط القلب الكهربائي واخذت نتائج فحص الايكو لاربعة وخمسون مريض (اناث وذكور)، عمرهم المتوسط كان 51,1 ± 6,7 سنة؛ المدى كان يتراوح بين 35 - 66 سنة. المرضى الذي جندوا في الدراسة الحالية صنفوا الى اربع مجموعات : مرضى القلب الاقفاري الشرايين التاجية لوحده | ECG traces were recorded and echo findings were obtained for 54 patient (females were 15 and males were 39), their mean age was 51.1 ± 6.7 years; the range was 35 - 66 years. Patients that were recruited in the present study were classified into four groups : Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) alone were labeled as group 1, Patients with IHD and Hypertension (HT) were labeled as group 2, Patients with IHD and diabetes mellitus (DM) were labeled as group 3, and Patients with IHD, HT, and DM were labeled as group 4. Fourteen age - matched apparently healthy subjects (mean age 48.6 ± 4.0 years) were chosen for comparison with group 1 patients. Patients' ECGs didn't show clear IHD before Treadmill test. Patients who showed clear ischemic changes within the treadmill test or during the rest time after completion of the treadmill test were sent to echo unit for structural / functional assessment of their hearts. Before stress test, simultaneous resting 12 lead ECG, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, height and weight of the patients were measured, age were recorded, smoking habit, and history of any cardiovascular disease. QT (The time interval measured from Q - wave onset the end of the T - wave), QT peak (The time interval measured from the Q - wave onset to the peak of the T - wave), TpTe (The time interval measured from the peak to the end of the T - wave)intervals were measured manually by tangent method on resting ECG. The dispersion of QT, QTp, TpTe intervals determined by the difference between minimal and maximal of these above measured intervals within 12 leads. The measured QT intervals were corrected for the subject's heart rate by using the standard Bazett's formula. In comparison with healthy subjects, QT dispersion (QTd) and QT peak dispersion (QTpd) of patients in group 1 were significantly higher (by 29% and 25% respectively) relative to their counterpart dispersion of healthy subjects, Tpeak - Tend dispersion (TpTed) of patients in group 1 was significant lower by 57% than TpTed of healthy subjects, QT interval and QTp interval of patients in group 1 was significantly longer (by 5% and 18% respectively) relative to their counterpart intervals of healthy subjects, in contrast, TpTe interval of patients in group 1 was significantly lower (by 27%) relative to their counterpart in healthy subjects. QT - intervals of patients in group 2, 3, and 4 are significantly higher (by 2%,4%, 3%) respectively than patients in group 1. QTp interval of group 3 was significantly higher than group 1, 2, and 4 by (4%, 6%, 4% respectively). No significant differences were observed in QTp interval among group 1, 2, and 4. TpTe interval of group 2, group 3, and group 4 patients were significantly longer by (16%, 6%, 14%) respectively relative to the TpTe interval in patients of group 1. QTd of patients in group 4 is significantly higher by (30%) than QTd of patients in group 1. QTp dispersion of group 4 is significantly higher by (26%) relative to QTp dispersion of group 1. TpTed of group 2 and group 4 were significantly higher (62% and 46% respectively) than TpTed of patients in group 1. LVMI of patients in group 2 and 4 were significantly higher (by 38% and 51% respectively) over the LVMI in patients of group 1. RWT of patients in group 2 and 4 were significantly higher (by 13% and 17% respectively) over the RWT of patients in group 1. PWT of patients in group 2, 3, and 4 was significantly higher (by 15%, 18%, and 21% respectively) over their PWT counterpart of patients in group 1. IVSTS was found to be significantly higher by (19% and 20%) of patients in group 2 and 4 respectively relative to patients in group 1. IVSTD was significantly higher by 24% in patients of group 4 only relative to the IVSTD of patients in group 1. IVSTS and IVSTD were significantly correlated with the QTd and QTpd in group 1. In group 2 patients RWT and PWT were significantly correlated with QTd and QTpd and IVSTD was significantly correlated with QT, QTp, and TpTe interval. In group 3 patients, IVSTD, ARD, and BMI were found to be significantly correlated with QTd and QTpd. significant correlation also was found in this group between RWT and QTp interval and IVSTS was correlated significantly with the QT and QTp intervals in group 4 patients.

اسم المؤلف: احمد فاخر حميد

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: التشريح والانسجة والاجنة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

التعدد الشكلي للمستقبل الثاني لعامل الورم التنخري والجين المحفز للـ CD4 والانترلوكين 37 في تقييم التهاب المفاصل الرثوي == Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II, Cd4 Enhancer Gene Polymorphisms And IL - 37 In Assessment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

اسم المؤلف: وسناء جمعة محمد

اسم المشرف: محمد شمخي جبر | باسم شهاب احمد

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: التهاب المفاصل الرثوي (Rheumatoid Arthritis) مرض جهازي التهابي مزمن يصيب المفاصل وتحديدا الاغشية الزلالية والتراكيب المفصلية، والذي يحدث للعديد من الناس وبنسبة تقارب 0.5 الى 1% من السكان في العالم. لوحظ خلال الدراسات الوبائية لمرض التهاب المفاصل الرثوي | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) one of the most common systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic joint inflammation and subsequent joint destruction. To date, it well known that RA is characteristic of the expansion of the synovium and infiltration of the inflammatory cells coupled with destruction of adjacent articular cartilage and bone. This is strongly dependent on CD4 T cell. CD4 Cells stimulate monocytes, macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and other cells to produce cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor - ? (TNF - ?, interleukin - 1 (IL - 1), IL - 6, IL - 15, IL - 17 and metalloproteinases that produce tissue damage. TNF is a major inflammatory cytokine contributing to the pathogenesis of RA, which provides rational for development of anti - TNF biological agents in the treatment of RA.Recently have shown that IL - 37 is a key cytokine in regulating inflammatory response, mainly by inhibiting the expression, production, and function of proinflammatory cytokines. Objectives This study planned to evaluate the association of TNFRII and CD4 enhancer genes polymorphisms in development and severity of RA in Iraqi patients, evaluate IL - 37 in patients with RA and investigate the correlation between IL - 37 levels with disease activity and relation of inflammatory parameters (ESR, CRP, ACPA, and RF) with TNFRII, CD4 enhancer genes polymorphisms.Patients and methods This study was performed during the period from May to September 2015. The patients were attending the out patients' Clinic in Medical City/Baghdad Teaching hospital/rheumatology unit and the laboratory ELISA tests were done in nursing home hospital laboratory, polymerase chain reaction (RFLP) analysis was performed in the specialist private molecular laboratory (ASCO Lab) in Al - Harthia / Baghdad. Fifty patients and 50 apparently healthy control individuals, Patients received disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and newly diagnosed patients.The diagnosis of RA patients has performed under the supervision of rheumatic disease consultant physician at the consultation clinic of Baghdad teaching hospital of the medical city. Blood samples had taken from RA patients to measure (ESR), white blood cells count and hemoglobin. Also, analyze the serum levels of ACPA, RF screen CRP and estimate the levels of IL - 37 in patients and healthy individuals using ELISA test kits. TNFRII and CD4 enhancer genes polymorphisms genotyping had achieved by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length (PCR - RFLP).Results The results showed the estimation of RF by screening test revealed that its mean level was high among RA patients (168.87+31.62) in comparison with apparently healthy control (4.96+0.71) with highly significant difference (p<0.01). There was a higher positivity of Anti CCP in the patients sera (114.85+21.06) in comparison with apparently healthy control (1.71+0.13) (P<0.01). while the estimation of CRP showed that its level was higher among sera of RA patients (38.39+4.31) in comparison with healthy control group (16.49+2.51) (P<0.01). Furthermore, the ESR level in RA patients were higher than apparently healthy individuals (52.96+3.68) and (10.44+0.74) respectively with significance (P<0.01).The frequencies of the MM, MR, RR genotypes of TNFRII gene polymorphisms were 60%, 32%, 8% in RA patients and 52%, 42%, 6% in controls. There were no significant differences in the genotypes frequencies polymorphisms of the TNFRII 196 MR polymorphism between apparently healthy control and RA. The frequencies of AA, AG, GG genotypes of CD4 10845 A/G in patients was 36%, 42%, 22% and 8%, 44%, 48% in control group. There were significant differences in the genotypes frequencies polymorphisms of the CD4 10845A/G polymorphisms between apparently healthy control and RA patients (p<0.01). AA genotype were significantly more likely to develop RA (OR=1.355). There was significant increase in disease activity and severity in patients carries AA genotype (p<0.01).IL - 37 levels were elevated markedly in RA patients (101.31+10.41) compared with apparently healthy control (43.90+0.91) (p<0.01). More importantly, IL - 37 showed a significant correlation with disease activity (CRP) in RA patients (p<0.05). Also, IL - 37 show non - significant relationship with (MM, MR, RR) exon6 TNFRII in RA patients compared with controls, and non - significant difference between level of IL - 37 with CD4 10845 A/G genotypes compared with healthy control.Conclusion All findings suggested that TNFRII - 196R genotypes not associated with RA diagnosis. In addition, genetic polymorphisms at the CD4 enhancer gene are one of important factors that associated with susceptibility and severity of RA and can serve as a genetic marker for the risk of development of RA.

دورا محتملا لفيروس ابشتاين بار في عملية تسرطن الغدة الدرقية الحليمية == A Possible Role Of Epstein - Barrvirus In Carcinogenesis Of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

اسم المؤلف: هند علي خميس

اسم المشرف: عامر رشيد النجار | سعد حسن محمد علي

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This study was designed as a retrospective research. A total number of (90) formalin - fixed, paraffin embedded tissues were studied. Malignant and normal thyroid tumors tissue blocks were collected from the archives of histopathology laboratories of different general hospital including ALYarmouk Teaching Hospital (Baghdad), Baghdad Medical City Teaching Hospital as well as many private laboratories in Baghdad, during the period from May 2013 to May 2014. These cases include ? Thirty tissue specimens from patients with papillary thyroid cancer. ? Thirty tissue specimens with benign thyroid lesions as control thyroid tissues group. ? Thirty (30) thyroid specimens were obtained from the normal thyroid tissues from the same those totally - thyroidectimized patients for thyroid papillary cancer (PTC) and have served as the second control group for this study. This study was therefore a paired case - control design. The sections were stained by hemotaxyline and eosin staining so as to confirm the diagnosis and assure that the intervening sections ( that were specified for the in situ hybridization and Immunohistochemistry study have containing the questioned tissues from papillary thyroid cancers and benign thyroid tissues (control group).After histopathological sectioning of these thyroid gland tumors and staining by Hematoxylin and Eosin, a final definitive diagnosis was done by histopathologist consultant. The practical part of this study was designed in four pathways : 1. Molecular detection of Epstein - Barr virus in those tissue blocks were performed by using ultra - sensitive version of in situ hybridization (ISH) for detection of EBV - EBERs. 2. To perform immunohistochemical study to demonstrate EBV - latent gene (LMP1, EBNA - 2) in the papillary thyroid cancer compared to control group. 3. To perform immunohistochemical screening study to demonstrate the over expression state of p53 - tumor suppressor gene in those tissues with papillary thyroid cancer compared to control group. 4. To perform immunohistochemical screening study to detected the CD8 and CD56 in tissues with papillary thyroid cancers compared to control group. The obtained results are summarized as follows : 1. The mean age of patients with papillary thyroid cancer and simple nodular goiter was (39.87&41.13) years respectively, with standard deviation ±(11.773,9.243) years. 2. In this study, the percentage of the females with papillary thyroid cancer was higher (86.7%; 26 cases) than the percentage of their PTC - male counter parts (13.3%; 4 cases). The patients whom sub totally thyroidectimized for simple noduler goiters , the percentage of females was also higher (73.3%; 22 cases) than the percentage of their male counter parts with simple noduler goiters ( 26.7%; 8cases). Female / male ratios of the patients with PTC and simple noduler goiters were 6.5 and 2.75 respectively. 3. The percentage of EBV results in the total group of PTC was (50%) while the percentage in the total group of normal thyroid tissue was (26.7%) and lastly in the total simple nodular goiter group was (10.0%). 4. The positivity rate of EBV EBERs - ISH technique in the total group of PTC was (30%), where as its percentage in NTT tissues was (16.7%) and in SNG tissues was (3.3%). 5. The percentage of positive - EBNA - 2 IHC technique in the total group of PTC was (20%), where as its percentage in NTT tissues was (10.0%) and in SNG tissues was (6.7%). 6. The percentage of positive - EBV - LMP - 1 - IHC technique in the total group of PTC was (43.3%), where as its percentage in NTT tissues was (20.0%) and in SNG tissues was (6.7%). 7. Mutated P53 - protein was detected in 28 cases (70%) of the studied cases. Twelve cases (30.0 %) showed negative IHC reactions. 8. The highest total percentage of CD8 - IHC reactions (21 cases; 70%) was found in those with papillary thyroid cancer followed by normal thyroid tissues cases ( 5 cases; 16.7%) and then ( 2 cases : 6.7%) in simple nodular goiter. 9. It was found that the highest percentage of CD56 - IHC reactions was in those with normal thyroid tissues (25 cases; 83.3%) followed by an equal percentages of CD56 - IHC reactions in either thyroid papillary or simple nodular goiter (2 positive cases; 6.7%, each). 10. The importance of CD56 marker has been found to play a role or it may be better to be used as a negative - diagnostic biomarker for papillary thyroid cancer in differentiating it from other malignancies as well as benign lesions of the thyroid gland, individually as well as in combination with other markers for clinical evaluation of those patients. 11. The evident high mutated p53 - over expression, as reflected by abnormal gene product, among papillary thyroid cancer patients indicates for a pivotal role of such genetic mutation in their carcinogenesis as well as could be useful in the clinical evaluation of patients with papillary thyroid cancer, too. 12. The high coexistence of p53 - mutation with EBV in PTC could point for participation of EBV - transformation genes in the p53 activation in high proportion of PTC. 13.The high percentage of CD8 lymphocytes in EBV - positive PTC as compared to their EBV - negative counterparts could reflect the participation of specific cellular immunity against both, the papillary thyroid cancers and this EBV infection during the initiation and progression of EBV - associated papillary thyroid cancers.

تشخيص مصلي وجزيئي لفيروس الحلا البشري النوع السادس المصاحب لبعض سرطانات الدم == Serological And Molecular Detection Of Human Herpesvirus Type 6 Associated With Certain Hematologic Malignancies

اسم المؤلف: هديل محمد فياض

اسم المشرف: علاء فاضل علوان | داود سلمان داود

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV - 6) is largely ubiquitous double stranded DNA viruses within the betaherpesvirinae subfamily and of the genus Roseolovirus.HHV - 6A and HHV - 6B infects very high percentage of population around the world, primarily during childhood through respiratory droplets. HHV - 6 has been found out in many types of cancers : lymphomas, leukemia, cervical cancer, and brain tumors.This cross - sectional case control study was carried out in Baghdad Teaching Hospital and National Center of Hematology - AL - Mustansiriyah University - Baghdad, for the period from 1 September 2013 to 1 April 2015.The aims of the study were to explore the seropositivity rate of HHV - 6 antibodies among Iraqi patients with different hematological malignancies using different laboratory assays, beside, the molecular determination of plasma viral DNA load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).The study included 109 patients with different hematological malignancies; 24 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 11 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 39 patients with non hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 5 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL). All patients were newly diagnosed and enrolled before receiving chemotherapy. The age range was between 14 - 80 years. Fifty three (48.6%) and 56 (51.4%) patients were males and females, respectively. The diagnosis of their malignancies was based on either bone marrow aspirate biopsy and lymph node biopsy as well as cytochemical investigations. Additionally, 59 apparently healthy blood donors were enrolled as control group. The age range was between 18 - 59 years, twenty eight (47.4%) and 31 (52.6%) were males and females, respectively.The serum anti - HHV - 6 IgG was detected by indirect immunofluorescent technique (IFAT) as well as by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).While, the serum anti - HHV - 6 IgM was detected by ELISA only. The detection and quantification of plasma viral DNAemia was carried out by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serological as well as molecular assays were done in Central Public Health Laboratory in Baghdad. The highest IFAT positivity rate was among patients with CLL (100%), followed by patients with AML (83.3%), and the least positivity rate was among patients with NHL (64.1%) compared to that of healthy control. Generally, the total anti - HHV - 6 IgG by IFAT was insignificantly higher among patients compared to healthy controls (74.3% vs 61.0%, p=0.074). The anti - HHV - 6 IgG positivity rates by ELISA were insignificantly higher in all groups of haematological malignancies except in patients with AML in whom it was significantly higher compared to healthy controls (96.7% vs 72.9%, p= 0.007 ). A part from AML, the highest anti - HHV - 6 IgG by ELISA was among patients with ALL (87.5%) followed by patients with NHL (84.6%), and the least was among patients with CLL (80.0%) compared to healthy control. Generally, the total anti - HHV - 6 IgG positivity rate detected by ELISA was significantly higher compared to IFAT in patients (p= 0.013) as well as in healthy control (p= 0.0005).The results of anti - HHV - 6 IgM positivity rate as detected by ELISA was significantly higher in patients with AML (36.7%, p=0.0004), and patients with HL (27.7%, p= 0.038) compared to healthy controls (6.8%). Whereas, other groups of hematological malignancies showed insignificantly higher positivity rate versus control group. However, the highest positivity rate was among patients with AML (36.7%), and the least positivity rate was among patients with CLL (0%). Generally, the total ELISA anti - HHV - 6 IgM positivity rate was significantly higher in patients versus healthy controls (22.0% vs 6.8%, p= 0.011). The results of PCR showed that 5 out of 109 patients had detectable HHV - 6 DNA in the plasma. The highest detection rate was among patients with HL (27.3%), followed by patients with ALL (4.2%), and then patients with AML (3.3%), while the virus was not detected in other disease categories as well as in healthy controls. The plasma viral load (mean ± SD) among the three Hodgkin lymphoma patients was 1.4± 0.3*102 particle/milliliter.The study concluded that the seropositivity rate of HHV - 6 infection is highly prevalent among Iraqi patients with hematological malignancies compared to healthy population. However, primary or reactivation infection as determined by anti - HHV - 6 IgM in patients as well as healthy individuals is relatively low. Furthermore, the HHV - 6 DNA detection rate as well as plasma viral load among malignant patients before receiving immunosuppressive treatment were low.

دراسة Toll like receptors(TLR2& ( 4 ومؤشرات حيوية مختارة في المرضى المصابين بسرطان المثانة == Study Of Toll Like Receptors (TLR - 2 And 4) And Selected Biomarkers In Bladder Cancer Patients

اسم المؤلف: هدى سعدون البياتي

اسم المشرف: ميسون علي سليم | ناهي يوسف ياسين | عصام سلمان العزاوي

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Worldwide, cancers of the urinary bladder are complex and involve genetic abnormalities and may be due to different environmental chemical carcinogens, as well as chronic infection like Schistosomiasis, all these will allow normal transitional cells to become cancerous which are typically transitional cell carcinoma(TCC).This study was conducted at AL - Yarmouk and Baghdad Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad from June 2013 to April 2014, of which urine and bladder tissue were taken from 57 bladder cancer patients and 80 controls to assess Interleukin - 8 (IL - 8), Matrix MetalloPeptidase - 9 (MMP - 9), Bladder Cancer - Associated Protein (BLCA - 4),Toll - Like Receptors (TLR - 2and TL - R4) level among them and to evaluate their roles in cancer development.One hundred thirty seven Iraqi individual were divided to 28(20.43%) newly diagnosed and 29(21.16%) recurrent bladder cancer patients (relapse), 40(29.19%) apparently healthy volunteers and 40(29.19%) autopsies (apparently normal urothelium), of whom urinesample and tissue biopsy were collected, clinical diagnosis of patients carried out by cystoscopic and histopathological examination, the mean ±SD age of bladder cancer patients were (63± 9.3) with (M : F ratio7.1 : 1).Predominant cancer type was Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). According to risk factors of bladder cancer, out of 57 bladder cancer patients, 34(59.64%), 29(50.87%), 9(15.78%), 7(12.28%), 6(10.52%) were smoker, had UTI, history of Schistosomiasis, family history ofcancer and stones respectively. In this study 30 patients had non - muscle invasive bladder cancer, most of them (21) had newly diagnosed tumors, and only 9 had recurrent disease, as well as, 27 patients with muscle - invasive bladder tumor, just 7 had newly diagnosed tumors and 20 with recurrent disease.According to the result of ELISA technique, the mean±SD urine level IL - 8(pg/ml) for recurrent bladder cancer patients was 359.6±170.1pg/ml, for newly diagnosed was 265.95±139.09pg/ml and for healthy volunteers was 62.04±37.66pg/ml. The mean ±SD concentration of urine MMP - 9(pg/ml) was 7368.3±1730.19pg/ml for recurrent, 6176.8±2366.9 pg/ml for newly diagnosed and 1131.53±1554.80 pg/ml for healthy volunteers. Mean±SD Level of urine BLCA - 4 (ng/ml) for recurrent was 1.45± 0.26 ng/ml, for newly diagnosed was 1.30± 0.22 ng/ml and for healthy volunteers was 1.02±0.067 ng/ml. Urine level of these markers was significantly higher in recurrence group when compared with newly diagnosed and these levels decreased in normal volunteers which was statistically significance (P<0.001 for IL - 8, MMP - 9and BLCA - 4),also there was a significant increase in urine IL - 8 level according to grade(P=0.0002) and muscle invasion(P= 0.0009) as well as BLCA - 4 showed this significant increase in high grade(P=0.0001), and muscle invasion(P=0.0001),but no significant difference was found in the level of urine MMP - 9 with grade(P=0.23) and muscle invasion(P =0.069)In comparison, IL - 8 and MMP - 9 IHC staining of bladder tissue, showed low expression in cancerous tissue with no significant difference between cancer and normal urothelium(P=0.140 for IL - 8, P=0.265 for MMP - 9 ), and unrelated to grade, muscle invasion and recurrence.Significant increase in TLR - 2 and TLR - 4 expression in bladder cancer tissue than in normal urothelium (P=0.0001 for each), and according to grade and muscle invasion, TLR - 2 showed significant over expression in high grade than low grade (40.7%vs36.6%) with P=0.018, muscle invasion than non - muscle invasion (44.4%vs33.3%) with P value of 0.02, while TLR - 4 was none significantly correlated with grade andmuscle invasion. As well as, there was no correlation between these receptors with tumor recurrence.In regard to risk factors, Smoking, schistosomiasis and family history showed correlation with study marker in different manner as, IL - 8 was significantly highly expressed in smoking associated bladder cancer group, as well as patients with family history of bladder cancer showed high expression IL - 8, for Schistosoma associated TCC patients and UTI they demonstrated a statistically significant high expression of TLR - 2 p= (0.0001).From this study we conclude that urine IL - 8, MMP - 9and BLCA - 4 measured by ELISA showed specificity in diagnosis of bladder cancer, besides that, urine IL - 8, MMP - 9 and BLCA - 4 have a role in discrimination between newly diagnosed vs recurrent, with a significant association between urine IL - 8 with BLCA - 4 (P= 0.0001) and IL - 8 with MMP - 9 (P= 0.005) in patients with recurrent bladder cancer. Urine IL - 8 and BLCA - 4 concentration were statistically with significant increase in high grade than low grade and muscle invasion than non - muscle invasion, On the other hand, bladder cancer cells over express TLR - 2 and TLR - 4,while TLR - 2 showed correlation with high grade and muscle invasion,TLR4 did not show such correlation. Lastly, IL - 8 and MMP - 9 staining showed low expression in tumor tissue of different grades, stages and groups.

دراسة بكتريولوجية على التفاقم الحاد لمرضى الانسداد الرئوي المزمن == Bacteriological Study On Acute Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

اسم المؤلف: هبة اسماعيل علي العزي

اسم المشرف: عروبة خالد عباس | عبد الحميد القصير

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: لا يزال مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن مشكلة رئيسية في مجال الصحة العامة. ويرتبط التفاقم الحاد مع فقدان سريع في وظيفة الرئة وخلل في نوعية الحياة وهي من الاسباب الرئيسية للامراضية والوفيات في مرضى الانسداد الرئوي المزمن. تعتبر العدوى البكتيريا هي من الاسباب | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains a main problem in public health. The acute exacerbations are related with rapid loss in lung function and defect in the quality of life and are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in COPD. This study was carried out to isolate and identify the bacteria that cause acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sensitivity of isolated bacteria for most of the antibiotics currently in use.Eighty sputum specimens from patients were included in this study and their age was range forty and above , during the period from January 2015 to June 2015 from three places Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Medical City Hospital and Medical Al khademeain Emamaain City.Bacteria were identified in 52 (65%) while the patient is not specified any reasoned in 28 patients (35%) patients. The diagnosis of bacteria through culture and microscopic examinations and biochemical tests necessary for diagnosis and then the diagnosis has been confirmed of isolation by the Vitek method for each bacterium, the percentages were as follows : Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated bacteria, which recovered from 21 (26.25%) patients. Followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., which isolated from (7.5%, 7.5%, and 5%) of patients respectively, while (3.75%) for each of Acinetobacter baumannii & Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was (2.5%) while the proportion (1.25%) for each of Enterobacter cloacae, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Moraxella catarrhalis & Raoultella ornithinolytica.Through the search three cases were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosed by direct Acid Fast Stain test and their percentage was (3.75%).Sensitivity of bacterial isolates to antibiotics Carbapenems and Doxycycline and Chloramphenicol were the most effective against tested bacteria in vitro while Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Amoxicillin were the least sensitive

دراسة مناعية وجزيئية لخمج القرنية بحمة الحلا - 1 (حمة الهربس البسيط - 1) == Immunological And Molecular Study Of Herpes Simplex Virus - 1 Keratitis

اسم المؤلف: نهاية كاظم سالم

اسم المشرف: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | فائز اسماعيل الشكرجي

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - المناعة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يمثل التهاب القرنية (Keratitis) مشكلة كبيرة قد تؤدي الى فقدان البصر احيانا نتيجة لخدش القرنية او فقدان الوضوحية في القرنية بعد اختفاء الالتهاب, ويعتبر فايروس الحلا (الهربس) البسيط - 1Herpes Simplex Virus - 1(HSV - 1))) هو من اهم العوامل المسببة لمرض التهاب ال | Keratitis is a medical term referring to inflammation of the cornea. It is a serious problem, resulting in everlasting loss of vision as a secondary effect to corneal scarring or loss of clarity of the cornea after the inflammation has disappeared. Most common microbes causing viral corneal keratitis is Herpes Simplex Virus - 1 (HSV - 1). HSV - 1 is a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belongs to the Herpesiviridae. It affects the majority of peoples and its infections have been frequently without clinical manifestation. Ocular HSV - 1 infections caused multiple pathologies with possibly the most damaging being herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). This study aimed to evaluate the abilities of the immunological and molecular indicators to diagnose herpetic keratitis in the infected and contralateral eye of patients, as well as to assess the immune status of both eyes by using tears and corneal scraping. Fifty - two patients with herpetic keratitis involved in this study, they attended the outpatient clinics / Ibn - AL - Haithum Teaching Hospital from March 2014 until December 2014. For the purpose of comparison, thirty, apparently healthy age matched control subjects were also included. Tears were collected from infected eyes of the 52 patients and from 16 out of the 52 patients contralateral eyes as well as from 30 controls. Corneal scraping had been obtained from 16 patient's infected eyes with corneal ulcers (epithelial ulcers) out of the total patients (52) with herpetic keratitis. Indirect immunofluorescence assay technique (IFA) was applied to measure levels of immunoglobulins (sIgA and IgG) in tears specific to HSV - 1. Realtime - polymerase chain reaction RT - PCR test was used to diagnose HSV - 1 in corneal scraping and tears of patients and control subjects. Interlukin - 17 (IL - 17A), tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF - ?) and interferon - gamma (IFN - ?) were measured in tear samples from patients and control subjects by the ELISA sandwich method. In tear samples; results of RT - PCR showed that 39/52 (75%) of the total patient's infected eyes were positive, 12/16 contralateral eyes were positive (75%). Corneal scraping and tear samples were taken from 16 patients with corneal ulcer, tear samples 14/16 (87.5%) positive result, while the corneal scraping samples were 16/16 (100%) positive, this indicates clearly that the cornea scraping is more appropriate and sensitive sample to detect HSV - 1 than tear. All controls were RT - PCR negative. IFA results of IgA and IgG in tears of infected and contralateral eyes were found to be more than the concentration in tears of control eyes with a highly significant p - value (0.0001). Comparison between the infected and the contralateral eyes indicates that both patients' eyes expressed a significant humoral immune response against HSV - 1. Although there were high significant differences between both the mean value of tears IL - 17A in infected and contralateral eyes with control, while the comparison between patient both eyes gave non - significant difference. The mean of tears TNF - ? and IFN - ? concentration in infected eyes of patients as compared to control was found to be highly significant (p= 0.0001). In this study we compared between patients infected eye with control to evaluate the performance of different markers in tear as HSV - 1specific sIgA, HSV - 1 specific IgG, IL - 17, TNF - ? and IFN - ? by using statistical test called Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the sensitivity for all studied parameters ranged from 80% - 96%.At the same time the comparisons between patient contralateral eyes and controls also revealed a high sensitivity range for these parameters ranged from 81% - 100%.These findings proved the ability of these markers in confirming diagnosis of HSV - 1 keratitis. In conclusion, the high percentage of RT - PCR results for corneal scraping sample indicate that this sample and by using this technique is more appropriate and sensitive to detect HSV - 1 than tear samples and detect the shedding of virus in both eyes of the same patients. Both patient eyes indicated that they were a good source for HSV - 1 diagnosis. In spite of the high sensitivity of all studied markers and their diagnostic ability, TNF - ? showed a higher sensitivity. To assess the immunological status of Herpetic keratitis patients, the studied markers TNF - ?, IFN - ? and IL - 17 were evaluated and showed a highly significant differences which indicated there was an active inflammatory condition combined with HSV - 1 infection and finally it can be concluded that both humoral and cellular branches of immune responses were involved in this disease.

تقييم دور مؤشرات حيوية مختارة لدى مرضى التصلب المتعدد == Assessment Of The Role Of Selected Biomarkers In Multiple Sclerosis Patients

اسم المؤلف: ميساء نجاح امين

اسم المشرف: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | سرمد عبد الرسول الماشطة

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - المناعة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: التصلب المتعدد (MS) هو من امراض الجهاز العصبي المركزي الاكثر شيوعا الذي يسبب الاعاقه الدائمه لدى الشباب البالغين. بناء على ادلة غير مباشرة قوية، يعتبر مرض التصلب المتعدد اضطراب المناعة الذاتية لعضو محدد ولكن لا يزال هناك الكثير يجب ان يفهم عن كيفيه نشوء ا | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disease of the central nervous system that causes permanent disability in young adults. Based on strong circumstantial evidence, MS is considered to be an organ - specific autoimmune disorder, but much remains to be understood about the initiation of the disease. It seems unlikely that MS results from a single causative event, but rather the disease develop in a genetically susceptible population as a result of environmental exposures. The present study was planned to determine the serum levels of IL - 17A, IL - 21 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) in patients and control subjects by a sandwich ELISA test using commercially available kits. Vitamin D total was measured in a group of patients and control subjects by cobas e 411 analyzers which is an automated multichannel analyzer for immunological analysis by the use of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology.Forty Iraqi MS patients attending the Consultation Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis / Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period January 2013 - July 2013 were recruited for this study. For the purpose of comparison, 40 control subjects matched by age and gender were also included.The mean serum level of MOG in patient and control (554.85 vs. 315.20pg/ml) and IL - 17A (11.42 vs. 8.33pg/ml) was significantly higher in MS patients as compared to controls, while the mean serum level of IL - 21 (176.164 vs. 75.714pg/ml) was not significantly higher in MS patients as compared to controls. The mean serum level of vitamin D (n=20) (10.38 vs. 13.06ng/ml) was not significantly lower in MS patients as compared to controls. There was a positive correlation between MOG with IL - 17A and between MOG with IL - 21. These results might illustrate the synergism of action between antibody and T cell response in MS patients. A positive correlation was also detected between IL - 17A and IL21 in MS patients.A significant negative correlation was detected between Vitamin D with MOG. A negative correlation was recorded between Vitamin D and IL - 17A in patients. Also negative correlation was recorded between vitamin D and IL - 21 in MS patients. In conclusion, higher level of IL - 17A and MOG in MS serum indicates an important role of this cytokine and MOG as an auto antigen in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and demyelination process, so they could be considered as a good biomarkers for diagnosis and considered as a target for future therapy.

دراسة جزيئية ومناعية لدى عينة من مرضى التدرن الرئوي == Molecular And Immunological Study In A Sample Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

اسم المؤلف: مي يحيى عبد الحسين

اسم المشرف: عروبة خالد عباس | احمد اسمر منخي

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يعتبر مرض السل الرئوي tuberculosis الذي تسببه بكترياMycobacterium tuberculosis من الامراض المعدية والشائعة واحد الاسباب الرئيسية لحالات الوفاة في العالم, ولاهميته اجريت هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء اكثر حول التشخيص المناعي للمرض وعلاقته بالتشخيص الجزيئي.تضم | Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; which consider as one of the most common, infectious diseases and major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A prospective study was conducted to diagnose disease by immunological methods and its association with molecular diagnosis.The study included immunological diagnosis by Quantiferon - TB Gold In Tube Test, estimation the serum levels of IFN - ?, TNF - ? and IL - 10 in TB patients and control by a sandwich ELISA test using commercially available kits, in addition to molecular diagnosis by using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay, conventional bacteriological tests such as smear microscopy by Ziehl - Neelsen stain for sputum samples. Furthermore, estimation of ESR and WBCs.Fifty TB patients attending the National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis /Baghdad from the period between April to July 2014 were recruited in this study. For the purpose of comparison, 50 control samples (respiratory disease and healthy) matched by age and gender were also included.All TB patients' samples were positive by smear microscopy. The results revealed that there were significance differences between AFB scoring and G - Xpert results (p Forty five samples of TB patients with significance difference (p?0.01) were positively detected by Quantiferon - TB Gold Test.The mean serum level of QFT among TB patient and control (3.54 IU/ml vs. 0.866 IU/ml and 0.556 IU/ml), IL - 10 (53.02 Pg/ml vs. 22.24 pg/ml and 7.51 pg/ml) and TNF - ? (74.34 Pg/ml vs. 49.12 Pg/ml and 27.81 pg/ ml) were significantly higher in TB patients as compared to controls (P?0.05).In conclusion, high levels of IFN - ?, TNF - ? and IL - 10 in TB patients serum indicate an important role of theses cytokines in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, so they could be considered as a good biomarkers for diagnosis and considered as a target for future therapy. The present study revealed significant difference in the WBCs and ESR values between TB patients and control (P?0.05)

دراسة خمج فيروس الكبد نمط جي HGV في مرضى الثلاسيميا المصابين وغير المصابين بفيروس الكبد سي (HCV) واهميته السريرية

اسم المؤلف: مريم صبري ابراهيم

اسم المشرف: اروى هادي الحمداني | اشنا جمال فائق

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفيروسات

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: المرضى المصابين بفقر دم البحر الابيض المتوسط هم اكثر عرضة للاصابة بالالتهابات الفيروسية المنقولة دمويا. التهاب الكبد الفيروسي نمط جي (HGV)هو فيروس رنوي(RNA) مرتبط بالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي الحاد والمزمن. التهاب الكبد الفيروسي نمط سيHCV) ) والتهاب الكبد الفير | Thalassemia patients are at increased risk of infection with parentally transmitted viral agents. The hepatitis G virus (HGV) is an RNA virus, which is associated with acute or chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis G virus (HGV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections may have a role in complicating the clinical outcome in patients with thalassemia. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and clinical importance of HGV infection in thalassemia patients with or without hepatitis C virus (HCV) co - infection, furthermore to sequence and analyze phylogentic of HGV clones. One hundred fifty four thalassemia patients (56.5% male, 43.5% female) with a mean age of 22.84±6.06 years were involved in this study that was conducted in the period between Feb. to May, 2014. Anti - HCV antibody was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot. Then, HCV - RNA was detected in 53.2% of anti - HCV positive thalassemia patients. HGV antibodies were evaluated by ELISA. Also, the HGV viremia was analyzed in patients with thalassemia by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) protocol. Results obtained showed that the anti - E2 - HGV were found in 16 out of 154 (10.4%) thalassemia patients with significant decrease in its prevalence with increasing age, while HGV viremia was diagnosed in 28 out of 154 (18.2%) patients with thalassemia. No association of HGV infection was found with gender, age and frequency of blood transfusion.According to HCV and HGV infection status, thalassemia patients were categorized into four subgroups : subgroup I (HGV infection), subgroup II (HCV infection), subgroup III (co - infection of HCV and HGV), and subgroup IV (thalassemia patients with neither HCV nor HGV infection). Seven point one percent (7.1%) of thalassemia patients were found to be co - infected with HCV and HGV.In all thalassemia subgroups, liver transaminases; alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum bilirubin (TSB) were determined, in addition to measure serum ferritin levels by VIDAS. HCV infection shows significant increase in ALT level while in HGV is not. Co - infection with HCV and HGV decrease ALT levels when compared with infection with HCV alone, so HGV infection is suggested to have no role in increasing the severity of liver diseases in the thalassemia patients. In HGV infection, there were significant increase in ALP levels and significant decrease in ferritin levels than other subgroups in the study. However, HGV infection shows no significant differences in AST and TSB than other subgroups. The results of genotyping in 12 randomly selected patients showed presence of genotype 2 and genotype 5 with percentage of 91.7% and 8.3% respectively. The diagnosis of prevalence of HGV and HCV in patients with thalassemia in Iraq emphasized the importance of these lymphotropic viral hepatitis infections in pathogenesis and outcome of thalassemia patients.

دور الايبشتاين بار فايرس كعامل محتمل لتقدم سرطان الدم اللمفاوي المزمن == Molecular Characterization Of Metallo ? - Lactamase (MBL) Genes

اسم المؤلف: لمى عامر ياسر

اسم المشرف: عامر رشيد النجار | داود سلمان داود

الموضوع العام: الطب

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is ubiquitous virus which infects the majority of the human population and is the causative agent of infectious monocleosis and a variety of B - cell tumors including Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, human immunodeficiency virus - associated lymphomas and post - transplant lymphoproliferative disorders , this virus expressed many protein and it is associated with a variety of B - cell tumors. Recently many studies have suggested a causal relationship between EBV and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A prospective study of thirty samples of formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue of bone marrow aspirates samples and blood from newly diagnosis BCLL of 30 patients and our control included : 1) 20 bone marrow of patients who they have hematological disease other than leukemia as control. 2) Blood serum from healthy controls to study the level of IL - 10 and IL - 8. The present study conducted at Baghdad Teaching hospitals and the National Center of Hematology from September 2013 to Jun 2014. In this study we investigated the association between EBV and CLL. The detection of EBV encoded RNAs (EBER1,EBER2) by in situ hybridization and also latent membrane protein - 1 (LMP - 1) and EBV nuclear antigen - 2(EBNA2) by immunohistochemistry and detection for the level of Interleukin n (8 and 10) in the serum of CLL patients by ELISA. In situ hybridization study revealed that all the controls were negative for EBERs and 46.7% patients were found to be EBERs positive. There was a correlation between positive EBERs and tumors stage and also EBERs and IL10 and with LMP - 1 and EBNA - 2. Immuno - histochemical method was used to demonstrate the rate of (LMP - 1 and EBNA - 2) in CLL patients where a positive results of EBNA2 and LMP1were found in (43.3 % and 56.6s %), respectively in CLL patient group. All controls were negative with an exception of two patients were LMP1 positive. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA) was used to detect the level of IL - 8 and IL - 10 in serum of newly diagnosed of CLL patients. Interleukin 8 was significantly higher in CLL cases group (33.1 pg/ml) compared to control group.On the other hand It was found that high increase in IL - 10 level ,in CLL patients when compared with controls. Conclusion : It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between EBV and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mainly EBERs, also the association of significant increase in IL - 10 and IL - 8 with CLL.