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الصراع الاسري بين ابناء السلطان ملكشاه واثره في ضعف وتفكك الدولة السلجوقية (485 ـ 552ه) The family struggle between the Sons of sultan Malakshah and its impact on the weak and disintegrantion on the Seljuk state (485 - 552AH

اسم المؤلف: حيدر مجيد عجيد الجابري
اسم المشرف: سلام علي مزعل الجابري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The family struggle between the sons of sultan Malak shah and its impact on the weak and disintegrantion of the Seljuk state(485 - 552 AH).The searoh for causes of the state collapse of the state and king dom is one of the most important topics to know why the fall of these countries is importante especially if we know that these reasons are not in invaded externally , but are inherently catastorphic , but are within the ruling family, the seeljuk state reached the peak of glory and prosperity in the era of its third sultans, Malaksha ibn al - arsalan (465 - 485 AH) ,however, it soon became divided and divided into several rival state after his death, this is the focus of ourstudy ,in whch we shed light on the bloody conflict between the sultans sons , which lasted for along time and caused much destruction in this state, this conflict has several reasons,the most important method of appoinhg theseljuk sultans to the mandates of their covenants and enter the footnote and the seljuks khatouns in matters of government and p olitics , and we hare analyzed this conflict effeck on the weakness and disinte gration of this state and its division , which led to the fall easily in the western and eastern sections and disappearance of influence. This study has been dividedinto three chapters and its conclusion, lhave dealt with the prelude to the origin of the Seljuk and the beginning of the emergence of thein entitly hater the death of sultan AL - Arslan in 465AH, and Itook in the first chapter the mandte of the state in the Seljuk state and the reasons that made (the covenant aproblem hn the Seljuk state) in the second chapter Irefer to the vast family of the sultan malakshah with the allvtion of alarge portion to the sultans male sons who are the f ocus of study . and mentioned in the third chapter details of this conflict and the parties that entere dit and the role of the Abbasid dis pute and position in addition to mentioning how the impact of this conflict on the weakness and disintegration of the Seljuk state and conclsion proved in wich the results of this study were proved .

السيـد ابـو القاسم الخوئي ودوره الفكري والسياسي 1899 - 1992 Ibu AlQasim Alkoie Intellectual and political role 1899 - 1992

اسم المؤلف: اسامة ابراهيم رحيم حسين الركابي
اسم المشرف: مؤيد شاكر كاظم مخيلف الطائي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Study of historical personalities occupies a respected position in Iraqi universities. This type of studies is characterized by previewing historical events and focusing on person’s role in making them , And focusing on the nature of those personalities dealing with the mentioned events and their reactions towards them. It is based on the tact that the person is the maker of the historical event and understanding his circumstances and nature of his personality has led to reflections in understanding the historical events such as taking decisions and making attitudes despite the difference in those personalities according to the nature of the roles they have performed and the size and the historical era they have lived , however there are personalities have changed the route of the history and their countries are proud of them , it is because they have placed great effect in the human civilization for what they have left of theoretical and scientific products and true situations that led others to be influenced and to imitate them by follow they steps. This type of studies isn’t concerned in studying the biography of that personality but exceeds that to reaches the study of the events that they have participated in.Despite of the attention that has been paid by Iraqi universities in studying historical personalities according to the level of politics or thought, however the study of the history of religion scientists and references that are being followed are somehow few , It is not due to researchers carelessness but due to big number of these personalities and the huge capacity of their political and thoughtful roles another reason was the dominance of whet practiced by the ruling authority in Iraq during the ruling of BAATH party and the nature of its dealing with that personalities.This study entitled ( AL SAYED ABO AL QASIM AL KHOAEE AND HIS POLITICAL AND INTELLECTUAL ROLE 1899 - 1992) aimed at focusing on the light of this scientific Islamic personality by describing the historical program to know its nature and reflection of its role in the Islamic area in general and the political , economic and social reality in particular and explaining the principles that he based on his religious reference during the period ( 1970 - 1992) The study in divided into six chapters , conclusions and a list of appendixes as well as introduction.The First Chapter entitled (Birth , raising and reaching acknowledgement) is addicted to indicate the race of Sayed AL KHOAEE and his birth as well as his raising , descriptions his religious study , his scholars under whom he has been instructed , and the most prominent personalities that being studied under his command.The Second Chapter entitled ( Al - Khoaees intellectual products) is to preview and an dyes his worked and to give them general description starting from his messages and then his books like (Dictionary of men of conversation and detailing of tailors layers ) and his book ( Indication in explaining the holy QURA’AN) where most of topics that have been mentioned in them he treated and opinions that have been in his tellectual. We mentioned also the reports of his researches that have been writhen by his students as scientific products.We mentioned in Chapter Three which is entitled ( Al - Sayeds religious reference (1970 - 1992) how he in caaraed to the religious reference in 1970 and pillars of reference ruling that he depended on and the nature of his manage to the scientific crews and the expanding of associations that belong to the religious references as the charity association of IMAM AL KHOAEE as well as his care to the scientific crews. We also directed the attention towards social and intellectual cases that concern the society.We worked in the Fourth Chapter which we listed under the title (Opinion of SAYED AL KHOAEE) the matter of Islamic unity and Arabic & global issues to refer to his opinion of approximating the sects of Islam then indicating his opinion about the triple aggression on Egypt in 1956 , and the Palestinian issue and the Zionist aggression on Arabian lands as well as his opinion towards the other Arabic issues as the civil war in Lebanon in 1975 and his opinion towards the global issues like the political developments in Iran in the beginning of the sixth decade of twentieth century and expelling SAYED AL KHOMAINEE abroad Iran and the civil war in Pakistan in 1963 and the soviet aggression on Afghanistan in 1979.The Fifth Chapter which is entitled ( Al - Sayeds opinion of political internal events in Iraq 1958 - 1970) to study the opinion of SAYED KHOAEE of the government of ABDUL KAREEM QASIM 1958 - 1963 and hir political isocial decisions that had been took , his opinion regarding establishing AL DAWAH AL ISLAMIAH party as well as group of scientists as well as , his opinion about communist activities in the country , his opinion of the rule of presidents ABDUL SALAAM AAREF and ABDUL REHMAN AAREF ( 1963 - 1968) and in this chapter we treated the nature of his relation with the ruling of BAATH party till he engaged the reference in 1970.We studied in the Sixth Chapter which is entitled (Al - Sayeds opinion of internal political developments in Iraq 1970 - 1992) his engaging reference in 1970 and his opinion of nationalization of oil in 1972 and the situation of BAATH government part towards the religious reference especially scientific crews and HUSSEINI rites and expelling students and not renewing residencies for them in 1975 side to side of his situation of SOFAR uprising in 1977 and uprising of REJAB in 1979 and execution of SAYED MOHAMMED BAQER AL SADAR as well as his situation of the Iraqi Iranian war (1980 - 1988) and invading Kuwait and starting of aggression of USA and its allies against Iraq ( second gulf war) as well as igniting of SHABBAAN uprising in 1991 and his attitude of it. Then we mentioned his arresting issue and rumors about his noble race till his death in 1992.Through this study we have reached to a group of conclusions and scientific results That AL SAYED ABO AL QASIM AL KHOAEE is a scientific , creative , encyclopedia personality where genius marks had been remarked with him since his early study and the sponsor of his thoughts where his father and his brother SAYED ABDULLAH , He was fond of science and education since early days of his life. The interesting thing in the life of AL SAYED AL KHOAEE is that he was not referring to his homeland ( AZERBAIJAN ) where he was born in the part that belongs to Iran but he was proud of NAJAF AL ASHRAF . His respect came from that was is the homeland of AMEER AL MOAMENEEN ALI BIN ABI TALIB (peace be upon him) and the rest location of people of science and good and living location of Islam scientists.AL SAYED AL KHOAEE used to meet his students with respect and decent even when he was ill where he used to wear his cape and receives them because he respects his students much.AL SAYED AL KHOAEE was remarked with his huge scientific productivity in all of scientific and humanitarian types and has treated the shortage in the Islamic library staring with explaining science passing through meaning and rules till philosophy and science of speech , beliefs till science of history but even he was known by ( The detective AL KHOAEE) The time of SAYED AL KHOAEE when he has lived with the pioneer thought revolution that was lead by his student MOHAMMED BAQER AL SADAR , has pushed the scientific movement in NAJAF AL ASHRAF towards very advanced stages especially discussions that had been done between the student and the scholar AL SAYED AL KHOAEE was a brilliant politician who has his own means in fighting for this issue that has been proved by experiments towards the Arabian and regional world and in Iraq. Also despite that he did not engaged administrative , ministerial or governmental position but his policy against the SHAH enabled him to excite the Iranian street to refuse laws and legislations that had been issued by SHAH and has supported by SAYED AL KHOMAINAI in Iran and Iraq when he became as refugee in it.SAYED AL KHOAEE has positive situations towards revolution of July , 14 , 1958 in Iraq and has welcomed the new era but he stranded against some rules in time of ABDUL KAREEM QASIM ( 1958 - 1963) As for as political attitudes during the period from ( 1970 - 1992) , they an be considered as indirect interference so we can say that he was non announced oppositional where his policy remarked with indirect policy and this reason has enforced several of researchers to miss think that SAYED AL KHOAEE didn't realize anything in politics. This opinion is totally in correct because SAYED AL KHOAEE is more than a political theory in his fighting with Iraqi regime and we see this transparently clear in that period

السياسـة الامـريـكيــة تجاه اسبانــيا : (1939 - 1945) American Policy towards Spain (1939 - 1945)

اسم المؤلف: انــوار طاهــر عنيــد
اسم المشرف: محمود شاكر حميد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The United Stated of America has announced to its policy of isolation in foreign policy since the Monroe Doctrine 1823 and its secession is participation in the league of nations that formed after the First World War , despite it called for its establishment but it did not ignore the fact that it became a global power that cannot refrain from contributing to European affairs in a world where interests overlap. It was natural to have positions on political developments in the European continent. The United States retained the gains of the Second World War (1941 - 1945) with the Allied countries that won the war. The United States became a superpower and the Soviet Unionemerged as a rival. It was able to extend its influence to some Eastern European countries and to dominate western Europea Spain was one of those countries , it has an important strategic location. The United States of America was concerned that the overthrow of the Spean system world cause Spain to fall under the control of the Spanish opposition force , intellectually compatible with the Soviet Union. It stood against the aspirations of the Soviets and exerted its political pressure on the Spanish government to change its policy and to carry out reforms in Spain to improve its image against hostile European countries , Spain gained as an ally to take advantage of its strategic position to deploy its force. Hence the importance of choosing the researcher for this subject because the united states policy towards Spain in the period (1939 - 1945) did not prepare to independent study in Iraq according to the knowledge of the researcher. The reason for the general choosing 1939 the beginning of the era of the study as the first launch of the declaration of the World War II with praise for the great role played by the Spaniards in this war and the position of the United States while the study stopped 1945 for the same reason , the end of the war. The thesis involved introduction, four chapter conclusion and appendixes. The chapter one involved American political towards Spain since the outbreak of the Spanish civil war until the Second World War II (1936 - 1939). The chapter two specialized to study the American political towards Spain since the outbreak the Second World War II until the German invasion to the Soviet Union (1941). The chapter three explained the effects the developments of the Second World War upon the American political towards Spain (June 1941 - December 1942). The chapter four explained the study the American political towards Spain 1943 - 1945 and the American political orientation towards Spain during the war 1943 , in addition to American pressures to far Spain from axis countries. The conclusion involved the most important results of the researcher.

الحزب الشيوعي الاردني 1951 - 1957 : دراسة تاريخية The Jordanian Commuist Party 1957 - 1951 Historizal Study)

اسم المؤلف: صابرين رشيد ابيه
اسم المشرف: علي حسين نمر الاسماعيلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It appeared in the history of the Hashmite Kingdom of Jordan agroup of political parties as a result of the Kingdom witnessed important political events and also influenced by virtue of its geographical position and the occurrence of a lot of changes in a number of areas in the power of Jordan.Our selection of the subject of the Jordanian Communist party for its great role and involvement in politics came during the study period 1951 - 1957 that The opposition adopted a policy within the parliament and out side the council within the party attended by his deputies in the various issues that arise. Such as avote of confidence if the government or through its participation in the discussion of the laws that put ,and out side the partiament was able to partecipate in most of the positions and political events during that period.The study consists of an introduction,preface, five chapters ,conclusion and number of supplements illustrations.In the preface involved summary about the history of political parties since the founding of Trans jordan 1921 until 1950,and the chaptr one involved the study of the founding of the Jordanian comunist party (1951 - 1957) .In this chapter we have made the first starting to show of the of the communist ideas in Jordan and palestine and the founding at party 1951.The chapter two involved the situation in the communist party towards the Jordanian political issues (1951 - 1954) and its situation towards the paliamentary elections in the years (1951,1954) and also its situation of the government Tawfeq Abo al - Huda tenth,and the first government of Fawzi al - mulki .The chapter three involved the situation in the Jordanian communist party towards the political issue of Jordan (1955 - 1957). the situation at the politicl parties laws (1955) .the parlimentary elections (1956),the issue of Arabization of the Jordanian army (1956) . the situation from Arab solidarity agreement and an end to the Jordanian British Treaty Agreement (1957).The chapter four involved the situation of the Jordanian communist party towards the British and American colonial projegts (1951 - 1957) of such as Baghdad pact project .the chapter five in volved the sitiuation of party of natianal issues (1951 - 1957) by represent the Jordanian of Iraqi union project (1951), The revolution of Al - gerian(1954), and Aggression triple on Egypt (1956). The party supported all those issues.AThe communist party could have the clear situation in number atinternal and external issues and participaition of conferencesand meetings there four the party to fought political stroggle and it enable to reach for the parliament by two represetive, and the three represetives (1956). And it ensure to good relation with all of the Arab countries and work to about the Jordans foreign policy orientation towards the support of all the Arab liberation issues.

كربلاء خلال العهد العثماني1800 - 1869 : دراسة تاريخية

اسم المشرف: شاكر ضيدان جابر السويدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise to Allah, Lord of the Worlds and peace and blessings on the best of the Creatures and Senders, Aba - al - Qassim Mohammad ( God bless him and his family) and on his good and pure household.The modern history of Iraq has associated totally with the Ottoman Empire because Baghdad was one of States that belong to the Ottoman Empire during a long period of time lasted for four centuries. Many changes happened through this long history in different fields. The study of the local history of Iraq , ( study the history of its cities, historical and general study for the social, political and economical development) is an important introduction to know the general history of Iraq in details . it's impossible to study the history of any country precisely without studying historical development of its cities. From this point of view came the title of my thesis, which is searched in one of Iraqi historical cities : Kerbela, historical study , during the Ottoman period ( 1800 - 1869 ).The historical study of Kerbela has great importance for the depth of its religious and political history. The selection of the historical study to be comprehensive of political, economic and social conditions experienced by the city through the period of the study because most of the studies that are found are few or focus on political side of the city , or the social side alone or economically. So I tried in my study to combine these sides to give a clear picture of this ancient and holy city because it includes the body of Imam Hussein and his brother al - Abbas ( peace be upon them). This sanctity gave Kerbela history that distinguishes it from other Iraqi cities.My choice of this particular period ( 1800 ) is for it's the beginning of the 19th century and the start of the terrorist attacks to Iraq in general and Kerbela in particular for its sanctity with the city of Najaf, as well as the lack of studies highlighting the historical events that passed through this city during the study period.This thesis was based on a historical methodology in order to take into account the substantive sequence of events. This is divided into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion. Te first chapter was a necessary prelude to the general situation in the city of Kerbela at the beginning of the Mumluk era in 1749 until 1800 the beginning of the study . The chapter included naming , geographical location, and social structure for the knowledge of Kerbela society and its activity during the Ottoman rule . it's a time city characterized by social features associated with customs, traditions and social activities in this ancient city , for being the destination of thousands of visitors annually . as well as knowledge of economic conditions and the nature of the political system and tribal uprisings and military campaigns against the Wahhabi threat .The second chapter, which was entitled " Political conditions in Kerbela from 1800 - 1869 , consists of three topics . The first is devoted to terrorist attacks (1800 - 1817). While the second topic deals with the events that passed through Kerbela during the reign of the governor Dawood Basha ( 1817 - 1831 ) . The third one concludes the events that took place in Kerbela during the Ottoman rule. It focuses on the study of social conditions in Kerbela ( 1800 - 1869) . the first section is devoted to social structure in Kerbela district, while the second deals with the Khans and their importance in social life . The third chapter deals with the subject of Shiism in Baghdad Ayala .The fourth chapter was devoted to the economic situation in Kerbela (1800 - 1869 ) and divided into four sections; the first deals with agriculture , irrigation and agricultural products and the attitude of the Ottoman governors of agriculture . While the second section touches the trade and its importance. The third deals with industry and most important industries in the city as well as influencing factors in it . Section four discusses the financial resources of tax and imports of Uwda Kingdom and burial fees . Analysis of the Sources The thesis adopted many of unpublished and published documents including what are saved in Dar al - Kutob, national documents and Al - Haidariya Library in Najaf . Also the library of Kashif al - Ghata which concerns the political , social and economical sides during the 9th century for Kerbela . The published documents formed important pillar in the thesis chapters for having very important information . Besides, there are the important documentary books such as ; The " Iraq in Ottoman documentation" to Sinan Ma'arof Oglu and The book "Kerbela in the Ottoman archives " for the researcher Dilk Qaya . The thesis also depended on many Arab and inflective resources and trips books, some of them are highly important for the subject of the research for contemporary authors or close to them. For example " Dohat al - Wizera' in the History of Baghdad, Zawra " to Rasool Hawi al - Kurkukly . It also had a great importance for dealing with events in detail during the Mamulk reign . The importance of the book increases when we know that the author was contemporary of the events of the date or period of the thesis . The book ' Iraq between two occupations " to Abass al - Azawi . it depended on the main sources to identify the information. This was what gave a great importance to his books. Also the books of Ali al Wardi " Social Profiles in the History of Iraq" , ' A Study in the Nature of Iraqi society" . They had realistic details for Iraqi society in the Ottoman era, especially in the social life . And also the books of Dr. Abd al - Salam Imad Raouf " The Social Life during Mumulk era in Iraq "The university thesis and papers have a large share in this thesis. I relied on many of these thesis and papers which dealt with different aspects from the history of Iraq in Ottoman era, like " Economic and Social situations for history of Kerbela (1921 - 1939) to the researcher Hassan Dakhil Attai , which dealt with the economic situation in the contemporary history, but it gave an idea about the general situations during Ottoman era. Also the thesis of the researcher Suher Abass Kadhim " Social situations in the Area of the Middle Euphrates through the books of travelers (1831 - 1914) which dealt with cities of Middle Euphrates , like "Kerbela through the visits of foreign travelers to Iraq " and the thesis of Sami Nadhim al - Munsory ( Ottoman Policy towards minorities including the Shiits .

الاوضاع الاجتماعية في مصر (1848 - 1882) The social situation in Egypt (1848 - 1882)

اسم المؤلف: رافع جبار راشد الركابي
اسم المشرف: احمد صبري شاكر الخيقاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The observer of the history of Egypt since ancient times observes that Egypt is a country followed by incidents affecting since the dawn of history , did not prejudice the era of its era or a period of time passed by , except in rare incidents described by history, whether from a local or global perspective as accidents Influenced the course of events or historical trends, and see this since the first Pharaonic family until the present time , and the follower of the analyst of these historical events observes their money from the direct impact on the social reality and the behavioral appearance of the Egyptian people , whether negative or positive , and how these historical events had a return The social situation in Egypt (1848 - 1882) is a historical study of the important and vital topics in history because of its historical depth and the results and great future effects that affected the political arena in Egypt later , and this subject is still far from the studies The Iraqi Academy has not received sufficient attention in our universities so far , since it is not possible to understand the political developments with a comprehensive view and know what accompanied these developments of social events , interaction and influence are intertwined and intertwined between what is political and what is social and economic (1848 - 1882) , and in 1848 the beginning of the subject of the message of the social transformations that took place during this period , which was a major change in the history of the social situation in Egypt. The life of the Egyptian society did not witness the inauguration of the first Abbas social developments as witnessed by the era of Mohammed and there has been a decline and deterioration in the institutions of the state, which had a significant impact on the social reality such as education and health , In 1882 , the subject of the research came to an end as a result of the Arab revolution, which had a great impact on social reality. The chapter deals with the most important political unrest during the period (1801 - 1805) , which had a great impact on the social reality , and has emerged During this period , Egyptian leaders played a major role in encouraging and leading the people to face the injustice and oppression of the Ottoman rulers who ruled Egypt during this period. They burdened the Egyptian people with taxes , forced labor and other methods. The chapter dealt with the policy of Muhammad Ali (1805 - 1848) Through the business and the great changes introduced Li social reality , it was a great role in reviving the living standards of the Egyptian society. The second chapter deals with the social transformations (1848 - 1863). The chapter deals with the first policy of Abbas and its impact on the social reality , especially that the policy adopted by this governor differed very much from that of his grandfather Muhammad Ali. He followed a reactionary policy which neglected most of his grandfather's projects and works Which also deteriorated during the period of his rule, but in spite of that reminds him of some works that reflected positively on the Egyptian society. The chapter also discussed social conditions under the era of Said Pasha (1854 - 1863) During the period of his rule and its impact on the social reality, he has b Many reforms in most areas raised the standard of living of Egyptian society , especially reforms in the field of education , army and agriculture. The third chapter continued social transformations during the reign of Ismael Pasha (1863 - 1879) , where he focused on the reality of the social peasantry and the policy of Ismail Pasha towards the peasants and the forced and injustice they suffered during his reign. Ismail's era was considered the worst era of the peasants during the ninth century We also discussed the situation of the army and its developments , especially at the beginning of the rule of Isma'il , who gave great importance to the army. We also referred to the cultural movement during the era of Ismail and the attention he gave to learning and the press , which reflects positively on social reality and played a role in educating Egyptian society. We also ate the dine Social issues that have taken place in the Egyptian society during the era of Ismael Pasha. We also talked about the judicial system and its impact on Egyptian society , either positively or negatively. The chapter also touched on the impact of the financial crisis on the social reality. The fourth chapter devoted to the study of social reality during the financial crisis and the spread of famine and the exposure of the Egyptian society to great injustice by the Ministry of Finance , which imposed measures burdened the Egyptian people with taxes and forced labor and the emergence of the educated class in the political arena and the growing awareness among the Egyptian people , also addressed the role of the Egyptian people revolution Arabism as a social revolution expressed the hopes of the Egyptian people and the injustice and oppression they suffered from foreigners , especially in the army , which had a big role at the time

اسرة الزياني ودورها في تاريخ البحرين حتى نهاية القرن العشرين : دراسة تاريخية Al - Zayani Family and its Role in the History of Bahrain Until the End of the Twentieth Century (Historical study)

اسم المؤلف: ياسر ماضي كاظم الغانمي
اسم المشرف: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Despite of the number of historical scientific studies that dealt with various issues and issues of the Gulf region, and its various aspects and conditions, the researchers did not give any attention or little attention to the study of one of the important topics is to delve into the history of non - ruling families, And the role of the ruling families, especially in the establishment and formation of these Emirates or countries, has effectively contributed to the strengthening of its status and the height and deepen its existence, something not previously heard by researchers as we thought This is why we chose to study the history of an important family that played a leading role in the formation and establishment of the State of Bahrain. It also contributed to its history and its present time alongside the ruling family. This family was the family of Al - zayani, who took the title of head of our study (Al - zayani family and its role in the history of Bahrain until the end of the twentieth century) historical study. The researcher divided the subject of his study on introduction, preface and three chapters, as well as the conclusion of the subject. The introductory section was divided into two sections that included giving a brief picture of the country in which most of the family members settled, namely Bahrain. The second topic is entitled (An overview of the history of Bahrain from the earliest ages until independence) ) The first chapter deals with (the first historical roots of this family). In view of the difficulty in dealing with all the details and the names of the tribes and their branches from the subdivisions of them, we decided to divide the chapters of the topics according to the vision Historians represented the four stages of history (ancient, intermediate, modern and contemporary) with some overlapping between them. The first section was entitled "The Adnanites and the Sons of Adwan." The Adnanites represent the history of the ancient Al - zayani family, while the sons of Adwan represented the intermediate history of this family. Ml address (the sons of Khalid and Al - zayanih) as the sons of Khalid representing the history of Al - zayani family in the modern era, while contemporary history such as Al - zayanih her. Since the Al - zayani family has been famous for centuries as a business family in the Gulf and India regions, the second chapter of the study was devoted to the most important contributions to the economic renaissance of Bahrain. The study of the most prominent pearl traders from the family, while the second section entitled (Al - zayaniyah between pearl and car dealerships) as the researcher touched on the stage of trade transition passed by the Al - zayani family between the pearl and car trade as the signs of that move began from the beginning of the nest Rinat of the twentieth century, which was interrupted by difficult conditions experienced by the Al - zayani family and suffered from many difficulties until it almost lost its commercial status, but the family quickly grasped its difficult situation and began to revive its business again by opening several shops to sell various materials, but This trade did not last long, as was mentioned the most prominent names of traders from the family in this subject, some of whom experienced the commercial movement of the family between the pearl trade, shops and trade cars, the third topics of the chapter is devoted to talk about the first beginnings of Al - zayani to agencies. The company has also reviewed the most important commercial branches for the sale of cars which were opened by Al - zayani in the Gulf and the Arab region, as well as a review of the most important problems faced by Al - zayani Family Company and attempts to find suitable solutions for them. The aggravation eventually led to the collapse of the family company, specifically the end of the twentieth century, when the company was divided into more than one branch took each one of them works like him after the partners shared the property of the parent company. The third chapter of the study was titled "The contributions of the Al - zayani family in the political, scientific and social fields", which included two topics, the first of which was devoted to studying the contributions and activities of the family in the political field, especially in the Bahraini national movement, with the most prominent political positions recorded by the members to support the issues In Bahrain and abroad. The second part of the chapter covered the contributions of the Al - zayani family in the field of education and the most prominent social services provided. The study included two main points. The first focused on the contribution of the Al - zayani family to the establishment of formal education in Bahrain. Dating back to the twentieth century. In addition, the study included a conclusion in which the researcher reported the most important findings concerning the subject of his study, which was the most prominent that the Al - zayani family has passed through its history in several roles, it was the first role purely economically when it was practicing pearl trade and diving behind this role Has started in the old and continued until the twenties of the twentieth century, that is, their role was one - sided until the twentieth century, and then start their role, which is a role of political - economic Some members of the family went to the national movement, while others went to business, A double role, either Aldo The latter had three dimensions or aspects : political, economic and social, as this role was characterized by development and expansion through the establishment of the Al - zayani family to take care of many fields that have become widespread and the complexity and continuity of these roles to the present

ادارة الدولة الاسلامية في خلافة الامام الحسن بن علي (عليه السلام) Management Islamic statein the Caliphate Imam Hassan ibn Ali (peace beupon him)

اسم المؤلف: وسن عبد الامير حمود الحجامي
اسم المشرف: حسين علي الشرهاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
المستخلص: Praise be to Allah Lord of the worlds , we use it and for giveness. Seek refuge with Allah from the evils of ourselves. Prayer and peace upon our prophet Mohammed bin Abdullah , and to home's people divine good.The researcher who mocks his pen in writing life of in fallible , what is now gace of God Almighty and agreat honor for him. At the Same time , in front of agreat edifice.Here , the writing about them is not easy. There is no doubt in it.The Subject of the message : ( De partment of Islamic Statel during the reign of Imam Hassan bin Ali Ibn Abe Talib (pease be upon him). It is as ubiect of an important. Because of Imam Hassan (pease be upon him) personal Masoumeh , Immune to.By this , on the other hand , most of what I wrote about I mam Hassan (peace be upon him) it is only writings fo Cused on the Sides of his no ble life.As wall as political life in the period of Succssion , we did not stand on the existence of an academic study , related to systems management in the era of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him).Adopt rigorous scientific research in this aspect.We have adopted in this study administrative and finan cial stuelies in the era of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) Because the short duration of the succession on Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) required him to keep the administrative and financial Syatems in the era of his father (peace be upon him) , and from another hand , neglecting the management side and it was mentioned by ancient historians in the reign of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him).The result from this study , that Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) became ready to takeover the leader ship of the nation , and management. Because he gained experience with what he Saw , when his father Imam Ali (peace be upon him) received management Islamic state and has caused agreat change in the administrative and financial side.BAs well as leader ship roles entrusted to him in the succession of his father from experience increased administrative and military. He had asignifi cant role in Al jemel , Two rows , and Nahrawan war.When Imam Hassan management recognizes the Islamic state after the death of his father. Any change in the system state on the administrative and finan cial level did not happen.The conditions experienced by the Succession of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) had forced him to accept peace with Muawiya Ibn bi Sufyan , Consequenty accused Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) week governance. But the old historins over looked the fact of Muawiya , who realized that Imam Hassan walked to his father's approach in the management of state.Old accusation historians have evolved and moved to Orientasts.They in turn have based on the writings of these and raised falsehoods about a person of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) the reconciliation of Imam Hassan is an extension of the revolution of Ashura. What this study humble , but in response to all of Sacrilege and accused Imam Hassan these Alafteraat , what may Benh of the nature of the events and circumstance that Surrouneded the Imam Hassan bin Ali is God reconcile agood helper.

مانع سعيد العتيبة ودوره الاقتصادي ونشاطه الفكري في دولة الامارات 1946 - 1990

اسم المؤلف: مالك لفتة مردي المعالي
اسم المشرف: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:

السياسة النفطية لحكومة عبد الكريم قاسم 1958 - 1963م : دراسة تاريخية The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: حسين علي محمد المرشدي
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: On final touches, it is invaluable to review the basic scientific subjects together with the essential results throughout the study .The study is entitled “ The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963, Historical Study”. The study is to consider the subject of oil and its privileged procedures after the revolution of 14th July .From the beginning, oil privilege was the main concern for most of Iraqi people. These privileges imposed form of exploitation and injustice due to illegal considerations. As a matter of fact, incommensurable contracts that led to forfeit the right national advantages. Accordingly, clear manifestations were rather indicated to exploit Iraqi fortune of oil. As a result, the 14th of July revolution had targeted to face such policy and to persist the acquired national rights.The study is divided into prelude and four chapters. The prelude deals with the initial consideration towards Iraqi oil and what European competitions have decided after the 1st World war .Chapter one comes to consider all the oil agreement that established between Iraqi governments and foreign oil companies to investigate forms of exploitation against the Iraqi nation. Such agreements can be identified by the agreement of 1925 which was modified in 1931, the agreement of Mousl Oil Company in 1932, the agreement of Basra Oil Company in 1938 and the agreement of privilege modification in 1952.Chapter two is concerned with the economical and oil intentions of the revolution government showing its achievement to abolish feudatory, disavow the Sterling Group, repossess regional water from Basra Oil Company, retract the privilege of Khanakeen Oil Company to establish the ministry of Oil and finally to consider the Iraqi role to establish OPEC in 1960 . On its part, chapter three has dealt with the oil negotiations which took place between the revolution government and other oil companies showing the main issues of discrepancy .Chapter four has touched on the oil legislation created by the revolution government and to determine the public opinion. Subjects such as law of identifying the locations of investment for oil companies as well as for the National Oil Company is of main concern .Throughout the chapters, the research has concluded the following results :  To achieve its interest, Britain exploited the political situations that dominated all over Iraq next to the 1st World War . The Iraqi part was incapable to deal with the foreign companies supported by their governments . The first oil declaration, which was addressed by Abdul Kareem Qasim the prime minister, had a great influence to ensure the interest of the concerned major countries and moreover to recognize the new Iraqi government together with nonintervention. It is worth to mention that before the 14th of July revolution, oil production in Iraq was dominated by the oil companies which had decided the final decision . The negotiations between the revolution government and other oil companies lasted for three years when 28 meetings were held. The result of these negotiations came to light in April 1961. In return for, the revolution government established a committee to investigate the effective procedures . The oil legislation issued by the revolution government was an inevitable result due to the obstinate attitude on the part of the foreign companies . The initial step of oil industry in Iraq started with the oil laws which were issued by the revolution government to enable Iraq of the national oil fortune . Oil policy of the revolution government together with legislation had contributed to establish foreign coalitions to work against and to overthrow the government in retaliation for losing advantages .

منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي وموقفها من قضيتي كوسوفو والبوسنة والهرسك 1989 - 1999 The Organization of Islamic Conference and its Attitude towards the Issues of Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1989 - 1999)

اسم المؤلف: نورس غصاب عبود المعالي
اسم المشرف: غانم نجيب عباس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Organization of the Islamic Conference is considered as one of the most important international organizations .It is the second largest international organization after the United Nations. The establishment of the Organization of Islamic Conference came after several initiatives and invitations by Muslim leaders and scholars in response to the fragmentation and division of the Islamic countries. The Organization of the Islamic Conference is based on the belonging to the Islamic religion and not on a geographical, political or economic basis, like other organizations. It aims at achieving unity and religious solidarity among Muslim countries. Its membership includes most of the Islamic or Muslim - majority countries as it includes in its membership fifty - seven countries representing one third of the members of the United Nations. It is important to shed light on it and its attitudes which are considered as important in the international forums. In order to know and understand this organization, it is necessary to study its origins, objectives, principles and development, and to study how it dealt with the Islamic issues that emerged on the international scene. Therefore, the researcher has chosen it as a subject matter for this thesis under the title 'The Organization of Islamic Conference and its attitude towards the issues of Kosovo and Bosnia - Herzegovina 1989 - 1999'.The reason behind choosing the issues of Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina is that they were major crises and wars that the world witnessed after World War II. In addition, The Kosovo and Bosnia - Herzegovina crisis took place for a number of reasons, foremost of which were ethnic and religious conflicts as Islamic represents the religion of the majority in Kosovo and the highest percentage of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Both the region and the republic sought independence just like the rest of the republics of the Yugoslav Union that got independence after the collapse of the Union. Both Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina were subjected to ethnic cleansing and abuses that affected Muslims in the region and the Republic because of their desire for independence and here comes the importance of the study in that it carries many religious, political dimensions and other needs to study and research. Thus, the researcher has chosen these two issues to study and identify the attitude of the Organization of Islamic Conference towards them.Concerning the designation of 1989 as the beginning of the study, as it is the year in which the Kosovo Albanians lost their autonomy since the 1974 Constitution by the Republic of Serbia ,and 1999 as the end of the study as it is the year in which all international endeavors and initiatives to end the Kosovo war have ended. Regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina, its events took place within that period, i.e. from 1992, the date of the outbreak of the war, to the date of the implementation of the Dayton Agreement.In the light of this, the thesis was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and some conclusions that included the most important results of the study. TheBpreface deals with Islamic Solidarity and Islamic Conferences that preceded the formation of the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the reasons that led to the establishment of the Organization. The first chapter examines the Organization of the Islamic Conference , its structure and its relations with the other organizations. The first chapter includes four sections : the first section focuses on the establishment of the organization, the second section deals with its organizational structure, while the third section investigates the relationships of the organization with the other international organizations, and the fourth section previews the attitudes of the Organization towards some Islamic issues.Chapter two is devoted to the attitude of the Organization towards the issue of Kosovo from 1989 to 1999. This chapter is divided into three sections : The first section includes a general study on the Republic of Yugoslavia and the region of Kosovo, the second section deals with the attitude of the Organization towards the crystallization of the Kosovo crisis of 1989 - 1998, while the third section focuses on its attitude towards Kosovo war of 1998 - 1999.The third chapter deals with the attitude of the Organization of the Islamic Conference towards the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1996. This chapter is divided into three sections : the first section deals with the historical roots of the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the second section focuses on the attitude of the Organization towards the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1993, and the third section is concerned with the attitude of the Organization towards the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Dayton Agreement from 1994 - 1996.In spite of the researcher's reliance on various sources of Arabic and foreign documents and books as well as academic studies, the researcher encountered difficulties in obtaining foreign documents, especially the Yugoslav documents from their sources, as well as the lack of our libraries to the primary sources of these events, as well as the lack of sources specifically (documents) that are related to the attitude of the Organization towards the Kosovo issue, as it is a contemporary historical issue.The most important conclusions reached in this study is the success of the Islamic countries through coordination and cooperation among themselves to put forward the idea of Islamic solidarity in the field of reality. The Organization of the Islamic Conference was established at the international level as a regional organization dealing with Islamic countries in order to meet the challenges facing the Islamic countries . After several years, the Organization was able to present itself as an Islamic unit, lead the Islamic countries, and respond to the issues facing the Islamic nation, including the Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina issues. Through its conferences and decisions, the organization sought to support the issue of Kosovo Muslims and provided diplomatic and political support for the Kosovo issue as well as the financial support that is represented by aids provided by the Organization and its member states to the Muslim people in Kosovo. TheCOrganization paid much attention to the issue as it included it in its agenda and formed a special team to follow developments in the region. The attitude of the Organization towards the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina was stronger than the one towards Kosovo as the later was a region related to the republic of Serbia and this is an internal issue. On the other hand, Bosnia and Herzegovina was one of the republics of Yugoslavia.In Bosnia and Herzegovina, several internal and external factors caused the situation to be deteriorated and caused the outbreak of war. The religious factor was one of the most important reasons. Bosnia included the Muslims who constituted the largest proportion of the country. Thus, this issue was included in the agenda of the Organization , and its members made individual and collective efforts to end the crisis, and those efforts proved their response to these events and resulted in good results. The Organization succeeded in presenting the issue to various international forums. A special commission for Bosnia and Herzegovina was formed, known as the Contact Group, which made great efforts to serve this issue both within and outside the United Nations

فاروق صالح العمرسيرته ونشاطه الوظيفي ودوره السياسي ومنهجه في التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر حتى عام 2018 Farooq Salih Al - Omer and his Method in Writing History

اسم المؤلف: محمد ساجت محول الظالمي
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Recently, the academic personals in the field of history have got the interest of the Iraqi universities as they had great effect in revealing several historical facts. They have prominent role in shaping the track of history writing in Iraq. Dr. Farooq Salih Al - Omar is considered as a one of those who presented many participations to the contemporary school of history in Iraq through his scientific carrier that lasted for about sixty years.The present study has included an introduction, four chapters, and conclusions . Chapter One is concerned with the social life of Farooq Salih Al - Omar and his scientific and carrier background. It includes a glance of his social life and the nature of his study from the primary stage going through completing his Ph.D. in Egypt ,and his carrier in the Ministry of Knowledge in 1959 to the time of the present study.Chapter Two, on the other hand, is devoted to study the political activity of Farooq Salih Al - Omar in which the researcher explores what happened to Al - Omar during changing the ruling system from Kingdom to Republic in 1958 which has affected his political ideas and got him to join Al - Ba'ath Arabian Communist party in 1959.Chapter Three deals with his administrative participations and his scientific and educational efforts. It explores his contribution in establishing Al - Basrah Documents center in 1990 in the Universityof Basrah and establishing the college of Historical studies in the University of Basrah in 2000, and investigates his relationships with the chancellors of the University of Basrah since moving his services to it in 1969 until his retirement in 2009. In addition, it notify his scientific and educational efforts and his method of teaching and supervising.Chapter Four investigates the method of Farooq Salih Al - Omar in the writing of history which is based on the analytical study. It views five of his publications as living samples to know his method in writing history. In addition, three of his published books in the scientific periodicals were analyzed. The study also has included some appendixes which document the life of Al - Omar.Throughout the study, the researcher has concluded several things about Al - Omar, most importantly the following : 1. He is descended from a family which was known by its social and scientific position.2. The environment that he grew in has affected his cultural and political ideas.3. His study in the Teachers institute is considered as his real turning point in his scientific, cultural, political, and ideological life 4. Changing the ruling system in Iraq from kingdom into republic in 1958 has participated in his joining to Al - Ba'ath Arabian party in 1959.5. His writing method has been characterized as being simple ,smooth , and strong. It was empty of complex words. His method was scientific and accurate, and his ordering of the events was logical. Finally, his analysis was scientific and he refused the explanations that are based on self - measurements

حميد احمد حمدان التميمي سيرته واسهاماته العلمية Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Al Tamimi His biography and scientific contributions

اسم المؤلف: كرار حسين كاظم الفتلاوي
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After studying the biography of Professor Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Tamimi and his scientific achievements through the four chapters of the letter, there are important conclusions reached by the study is as follows : - The facts presented in this study allow us to say that the environment in which Dr. Humaid Ahmad Hamdan al - Tamimi came out has a great impact on his intellectual and scientific orientations, especially his family, his professors and his surroundings, like the second generation of Iraqi historians who still had their clear impressions in the field of historical studies . Al - Tamimi, like other Iraqi academics, did not rely heavily on the former Baathist governments, which kept him away from the classroom and in training. Not only did he open his doors to others who were close to her, And his broad knowledge that he possesses the qualifications and expertise distinguished by others. Dr. Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Al - Tamimi is based on a broad base of accumulated knowledge of historical events as well as comprehensive knowledge of the basic aspects of Iraq's modern and contemporary history, the history of the Arab world and the modern and contemporary Arabian Gulf, . The scientific methodology of Tamimi seeks to reshape the historical event as it was signed with the utmost precision and clarity committed to the scientific secretariat is high, and so is interested in all the particles and details to the comprehensive view of the historical treatment, the topics and studies are overflowing with a lot of historical scientific information, based on the abundance of knowledge and diversity The multiple interpretations of the historical event document what he went through the basic and primary sources of each and every aspect of historical research. Dr. Hamid Ahmed Hamdan is a living example of scientific persistence and intellectual giving. He is one of the few who gave birth to the University of Basrah, and from the first generation, which is rarely repeated in terms of the richness ofhis knowledge and his flowing contribution, which has been harvested for many years in research, studies, readings, writings and scientific participations. At the level of the interior and abroad, and supervision of the letters and scientific messages and the adoption of administrative and scientific positions - Professor Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Tamimi, through this study looked a brilliant man in his specialty and a historian of glory in his books Rsina in his proposals, loyal to his country to the point where the promotion of non - specialized work in the Ministry of Transport and Communication to the level of idealism.

جعفر شريف امامي ودوره السياسي في ايران حتى عام 1978 Jafar Sharif Emami And political role in Iran until 1978

اسم المؤلف: حازم كاظم طاهر الزيادي
اسم المشرف: نعيم جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Jaafar Sharif Emami of the most personalities importance in the contemporary history of Iran, it is nearby Personal far from the Shah, an independent figure and did not enter into political parties until forced by the Shah after 1975 to join the RstakhizParty (Renaissance), and was among those who assisted them shah resolve crises Interior, moreover, it is characterized by a strong personality external relations internationally accepted, and he held a number of important political positions in the country, such as prime minister twice (1960 - 1961) and the (Government of national reconciliation in 1978) and chairman of the Senate for a period of fifteen years (1963 - 1978), as well as other political positions held which are numerous and many, have been reviewed in detail in the chapters of the message.Hence the choice of subject (Jafar Sharif Emami and political role in Iran until 1978), which had a clear role in the contemporaryhistory of Iran, on the grounds that most of the previous studies onits role in the development of the internal events for Iran did notlook at his early life or dealt with his role in the events, as well as all this, the choice of topic was expressing a small seed, planted inthe Finder thinking when he was in the preparatory year at the master's stage, has germinated and the flourishing of the chosensubject of study, thanks to the support and encouragement of my teacher, Dr.Naeem Jassim Mohammed The letter included an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion the most important conclusions reached by the researcher, the first chapter dealt with the life of Jafar Sharif Emami his birth and upbringing social and biography, as well as his wealth obtained through his political career, and instruction and intellectual upbringing, as well as his role in the emergence of Masonic thought in Iran, as well as career include it political coin early until 1960, beginning his service manager for the Department of irrigation in the reign of Ahmed strength of the Sultanate in 1947, and he assumed the post of Minister of ways in the government of Ali packages Lara (1950 - 1951), and Minister of industry and minerals in the government of Dr. Manouchehr Iqbal ( 1957 - 1960).

باقر شريف القرشي سيرته واثاره الفكرية (1927ــ2012) : دراسة تاريخـية Biography of Bakker Sharref Al - Querishi And His Intellectual Contributions

اسم المؤلف: عزيز غالي حسين حمدان العامري
اسم المشرف: عبد الاله بدر علي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study is entitled the Biography of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his intellectual contribution (1925 - 2012).we should refer that there have been a disagreement among researchers about the date of his birth which is considered the starting point of this study where the researcher have found that several reliable sources which mentioned that his birth was in (1925) , but after laborious examination , eventually prove undoubtedly evidence that it was in (1927) which occurred after televised meeting with him. Therefore , the study starts from the year (1927). The most important reason for our choice of this subject is that there is no previous sufficient academic study which dealt and disclosed the remarkable life for such great personage .Hence , the nature of the study required a scheme involves introduction, four Chapter and conclusions .The first chapter entitled the birth , upbringing and formation of his social character which consist of three inquiries. The first inquiry about : the life of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi (his name , lineage (family),born and bred ,his preliminary education ,his marriage and family ,and features of his personality ).while the second inquiry is about : his intellectual tributaries(social climate ,the press, and the genetic aspect), the third inquiry about Bakker s social and scientific status and death . the second chapter entitled acquisition of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi , the first entitled the religious Education of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi , while the second inquiry about : his students ,their impression ,what has been written and said about him , the writers who affected him ,the motivation to write ,the last one is the third inquiry about the politics of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his attitude towards the politics events.Chapter three studies the intellectual and scientific production of the Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi which ,in turn ,has been distributed into two inquiries, the first is entitled : his printed books and the second entitled : the study of the contribution of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his writing methodology ,which involving two inquiries,the first about study of the contribution of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi From this presentation of the contents of research which apparently Demonstrates that the knowledgeable formation and religious environment Where the scholar lived in between the lap of traditional legacy adhered to the sound foundation of Islamic doctrine and between intellectual environment which had been secreted by the nature of scientific environment where he had grown up and nurtured in which had a clear impact in preparing his intellectual tributaries and opening up his knowledgeable channels which highly had helped in forging his scientific character . As a result of blending and interaction on his vision and opened up new horizons which,in turn ,allowed to introduce the analogical studies within his research ,and adopted a new methodology in dealing with knowledge in field of historical erudition in topics not oblivious for requirements of a historical and scientific approach, as well as, title of his topics have characterizes with precision and objectively . This lead to present an extensive knowledgeable achievement. We can realize , to some extent that his writings have never been familiar but he exerted a considerable efforts in addressing multiple issue of history according to a logical imaginative perspective to treat the reasons of turbulence of history. He also has had a high degree of distinction in intellectual and scientific output in domain of historical studies which qualified hi to be considered ,by observes ,one of the greatest pioneers in history of Iraq in terms of his works subject of history ,especially in lives and chronicles of (Ahlul - Beit) the off spring of prophet Muhammed (pease be upon him) that distinguished him from other historical writers .Having a look at his writings, we can notice the considerable diversity in style quantitatively and qualitatively. he handled issue ,topics and numerous ,varied ,historical points of debate in according to systematic bases and view reflected firmly his approach and mechanisms in his pattern for researching .in addition ,the scholar ,Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi, was not just a writer in history ,but ,moreover, he almost wrote in all Islamic order ,doctrine , language, and religious erudition.he was ,and still, considered as one of the greatest personas in history of contemporary Iraqi scholar is ,deservedly ,considered as an encyclopedia who left an apparent indelibly imprint on generations seekers of history science and its facts . he realy enjoyed with a sense of an adherent chronicler with his systematic line of thinking which almost approaching for mythology in writing of history ,especially in relation to his arranging of marging.In sum,we can infer undoubtedly that he had an amazing foresight for events which we can realize through what he referred to, not in position to assets of figures hehad passed on and translated theme , but we have found how he was utterly conscientious to present for his readers a valid historical account by means of the diversity in reliable sources, with purpose in his mind,to figure out and beef up of the historical fact which he related in his creative works.B) )When analyzing his style of writing=g , we can recognize how his style has been distinguished with reference to the clarity and simplicity, any tentative reader approach for events and details .And another distinctive merit which differentiates him from whole writers is that his books process wide coverage ; consequently ,filling a wide gaps in agreat deal of libraries and, for their extremely importance, they have translated for many language such as English, Ordic,Turkish,Sawahi, and language of Husa . his books were (65) books . in addition ,some of this books have become curriculum or course of study in international universities such as the Islamic university in London and the Algerian university .Indeed , he has been considered by critics in literary scene as on of the elite that proved the knowledgeable and historical movement with books enjoyed with high level of validity and reliability in terms of the historical accounts . As a result , he was the only Iraqi author who is designated a private section in the library of the American congeress

الموقف الباكستاني من الغزو السوفيتي لافغاننستان 1979 - 1989 The Pakistani Attitude From the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979 - 1989)

اسم المؤلف: ايمان محبس مدلول الطاهر
اسم المشرف: اسعد حميد ابو شنة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Afghanistan has undergone many major transformations on all of the political, military, economic and social levels that had a significant impact on its local and regional status. Due to its geographical position, Afghanistan had a special significance because of its proximity to the crossroads of three different civilized centers; Central Asia, The Indian sub - continent and the Middle East, which became controversial over the years between the major powers dominating the world at the time. Since the beginning of its modern history, the location of Afghanistan represented for the Soviet Union an important strategic position that made the Soviet Union aspire to polarize Afghanistan towards it, despite the fact that Afghanistan, after getting rid of the British dependency in 1919, had taken the non - aligned policy as a slogan of the state and became far from interventions that took place in the outside world, including alliances of the two World Wars I and I.But the major and regional countries neighboring Afghanistan had another opinion, the most prominent of which are the Soviet Union and Pakistan. the Soviet Union, being geographically adjacent to Afghanistan thought that it was necessary to control this country and manipulate it, then take control of Pakistan to ensure they were not dragged into the Western camp. The Soviet Union began to politically, economically, and even socially contain Afghanistan by spreading communist ideas to extract Afghanistan from its religious enclosure so that it could dictate its conditions upon it. In economic terms, the Soviet Union bound Afghanistan to many treaties in order to vigorously link the Afghan economy to the Soviet one. Therefore, Afghanistan embraced countless treaties that made the Soviet Union the sole controller of the Afghan economy. Culturally, the Soviet Union brought to Afghanistan the means of education and ideas that went in line with the Communist Party, which was rapidly spreading in Afghanistan ahead of the invasion.Pakistan's close proximity to Afghanistan and the social, linguistic, cultural and religious ties between the two countries had played a major role in moving the Afghan society to the desired destination of Pakistan and its allies, as the allies of Pakistan, especially the United States of America, knew how to approach Afghanistan under the umbrella of religion and Islamic Jihad since the Islamic religion in Afghanistan has the upper hand. Hence, Pakistan had been at the forefront of what was going on in Afghanistan - the Soviet invasion of it in 1979 .This in itself did not appeal to the other anti - Soviet forces, i.e., the US, which felt that Afghanistan had been dragged to the Eastern Camp.Through the above study we have highlighted the position of Pakistan from the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and have come to conclude the following results : The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 - 1989 represented an important event on the regional and international scene. Major and regional countries were unable to stand still because of the very important effects they had on manyBcountries, especially in Asia. Pakistan was one of the most affected countries for several reasons, some were related to its foreign policy and regional relations with its neighbors, especially India and the unsettled issues between them, while other reasons were related to its relations with major countries - the United States and the Soviet Union - and Pakistan's need for a strong ally to support it in the face of the regional challenges, as well as the challenges of internal building and the advancement of the country's economy. There were many things that manifested Pakistan's hostile attitude towards the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan : Pakistan considered the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as the greatest threat to its security and may be greater than the traditional Indian threat, besides the fear of Pakistan that the Soviet Union might take use of its borders to reach their desired goal, i. e., warm waters. The Soviet invasion did not serve the interests of Pakistan, especially on the internal, social, and economic levels, because of the effects that resulted from the invasion such as the social problems and economic losses that had increased the burden of the emerging Pakistani economy. The advanced Indo - Soviet relations had a significant impact on directing Pakistan's position towards the Afghan issue. Pakistan felt that it had become politically and ideologically hostile to both countries. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a strategic security threat to the Pakistan national security as the Soviet forces were coming closer to the Pakistani borders. Pakistan's rejection of the Soviet invasion was based on maintaining Pakistan's national security, including India's threat. Pakistan had not been able to determine the appropriate bases in the face of this great challenge due to its limited economic, political and military capabilities compared to the Soviet Union, so it had to rely on the great powers that would be an adversary to the Soviet Union and diverging in ideological goals; the United States represented this type of force.Hence, both Pakistan and Afghanistan mattered in the Cold War, and turned to have an important role in the eyes of the US, just as the Soviet Union had presence in Afghanistan, the United States had to be close to it, and Pakistan represented the most appropriate place for that presence. Pakistan was the base of financing, training, and equipping the Afghan resistance factions against the Soviet forces in Afghanistan, besides the great political and intelligence presence of the United States. Pakistani territory was the most important base for all of the young people, who wanted to fight the Soviet forces, coming from various regions of the Islamic world.

ال الحرفوش في بعلبك 1497 - 1865م : دراسة تاريخية

اسم المؤلف: زهرة محمد حلو الشيباني
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:

العلاقات الامريكية - القطرية 1971 - 1991 American_Oatar relations 1971_1991

اسم المؤلف: دعاء ريسان صدام منحوش الغانمي
اسم المشرف: قيس جواد علي الغريري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Gulf region is of great importance and importance in the foreign policy of the United States of America. This stems from two basic facts. The first is that the Gulf region has strategic importance and weight in the Arab world. Most countries in the region, (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE and Oman) have strong relations with the West, especially the United States, making it one of the determinants of the movement in the regional system of the Middle East. The second fact is that US foreign policy has a clear impact on the lives of nations and peoples. The US - Qatari relations 1971 - 1991 because the State of Qatar is part of them from the Arabian Gulf region, as well as what this country represents in the political thought of the United States America, which is trying to achieve its goals and interests in it.The United States established diplomatic relations with the State of Qatar in 1972 after its independence in 1971. The United States followed a foreign policy towards the State of Qatar based on the existence of fundamental interests that emerge through the importance represented by Qatar as one of the most important oil deposits in the world. The United States intervened in many countries because of its oil policies and for that the United States used its foreign policy and all of the same diplomatic and military pressure to turn the equation in their favor. US - Qatari relations have grown increasingly important in various fields, especially in economic, military and commercial aspects. The time frame for the study was set between 1971 - 1991 according to many considerations. The year 1971 witnessed the independence of the State of Qatar, as well as the most important event in the history of the region, namely the British withdrawal from it, and the beginning of the American rush. To protect its interests starting with strengthening its relationship with some countries in the region and ending with increasing its military presence in the region, especially with the six Gulf states. While the end of the study was determined in 1991 because it witnessed a great change in the Gulf region, which represents the American response and the other countries to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and how the United States used it to establish its presence in the region steadily and intensively through the establishment of military bases deployed in different regions of countries Surrounding the waters of the Arabian Gulf. This is what the study is keen to clarify.We divided the study into an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion and a list of sources. The first chapter was titled : The decline of the British colonial influence in the Gulf and the beginning of the American interest in the region through three studies : We focused on the first of them on the site of Qatar under the strategic importance of the Arabian Gulf, The site has influenced the development of the State of Qatar, and we discussed in the second section to the British withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf and the independence of the State of Qatar in 1971, while highlighted in the third topic the beginning of US interest in Qatar. The second chapter is devoted to the study of oil and gas investment and their impact on the development of US - Qatari relations, divided into three fields. The first dealt with the oil investment and the role of American companies and how oil played an important role in giving Qatar great importance among other countries, especially the United States. Oil and gas revenues in the country's development, and how these revenues have been the main factor in the development of the State of Qatar at all levels, while the third studied the development of US - Qatari economic relations.The third chapter focuses on the impact of regional conflicts on US - Qatari relations. It was clarified through three studies. The first topic focused on the October 1973 war, the American and Qatari positions, and how Qatar stood by the Arab countries in imposing an oil embargo on the United States and European countries supporting Israel. . The second topic dealt with the American and Qatari situation from the Iran - Iraq War, which occupied the region for many years, and which threatened the security of the Arab Gulf States, while the third topic highlighted the details of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the nature of the American and Qatari position.The fourth chapter focused on the study of Qatar's position in the US military strategy through three areas. The first focused on the common motives of Qatar and the United States on military concerns towards the Gulf region by securing energy sources and protecting allied systems. Through the creation of the US Central Command in 1983, which was the result of serious developments in the region, notably the fall of the Shah of Iran in 1979 and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the same year, as well as US and national defense arrangements, while studying the third topic The latest concept of security joint US strategy and country militarily, economically and politically in accordance.

العلاقات المصرية - الهندية 1952 - 1970 Egyptian - Indian relations 1952 - 1970

اسم المؤلف: هشام نعيم غليم الكعبي
اسم المشرف: ايلاف عاصم مصطفى
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The political relations of the countries are complex and multifaceted aspects and dimensions as they represent the goals and self - interest of each state to other countries or movements or revolutions or international events and others, and the Egyptian - Indian political relations of those relations affected by the international events that occurred in the Middle East, and the interventions and projects launched Countries . Egypt and India are major countries with weight and influence in the regional and international affairs. They both have great demographic and economic weight, and are based on ancient civilization and cultural components. They are therefore receiving regional and international attention. The subject of the Egyptian - Indian relations was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and a conclusion. Each chapter contains several topics according to the subject unit and the historical sequence. The study is devoted to studying the roots of Egyptian - Indian relations for the years prior to the time period of the letter. The first chapter studied the Indian - Egyptian relations (1955 - 1952), and this era is full of political events in the Middle East. The chapter included four topics. The first came to study : India's position on the revolution of July 23, 1952 in Egypt. The Egyptian - British evacuation in 1954. The third topic dealt with the Egyptian - Egyptian position of the 1955 Baghdad Pact. The fourth topic focused on the Egyptian - Indian role at the 1955 Bandung Conference. The second chapter is devoted to the study of Egyptian - Indian relations (1956 - 1961). It includes three topics. The first is the position of India on the nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956. The second section deals with the official and popular Indian position on the tripartite aggression against Egypt 1956, Addressing India's position on Egyptian - Syrian unity and separation (1958 - 61).The third chapter deals with the Egyptian - Indian relations in light of the regional developments 1962 - 1970. It also includes three topics. The first topic is the Egyptian position on the Indo - Chinese conflict 1962 - 1963. The second section deals with Egypt's position on the death of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. 1964, and the third topic dealt with the role of Egypt in the Indo - Pakistan war on Kashmir 1965, and the fourth section dealt with the position of India of the Arab - Israeli war 1967. He pointed out that Egypt and India are two major regional states and are based on a long - standing civilization, a distinct strategic position, and the population and civilization. The Egyptian - Indian relations have not experienced any problems or tensions during their history because of the absence of geographic borders, regional competition or ideological conflict. On the contrary, relations have always improved, developed and converged views and interests at all levels. Egypt and India pursued a liberal policy aimed at freeing their countries from British hegemony. These efforts culminated in India's independence. This led Egypt to cancel its treaty with Britain and to demand that Britain withdraw from the Suez Canal. India also announced its support for Egypt, promised nationalization of the Egyptian sovereignty supplements and it is an internal issue. He also described the tripartite aggression against Egypt as an aggression against peace and a flagrant attack on the resolutions of the United Nations (General Assembly). Egypt has used its political and diplomatic relations with India to develop relations with the convergence of viewpoints in political positions in international forums. These approaches are converged through the conferences of the Non - Aligned Movement and strive to unify political efforts to make the region a permanent peace zone free of weapons and military bases. - Egypt's position on the issue of Kashmir between India and Pakistan and its neutral stance on regional and international issues from India's point of view are positive positions that push the bilateral relations between Egypt and India to the best and the best.

العلاقات الايرانية اللبنانية 1953 - 1979 Iranian Lebanese relations 1953 - 1979

اسم المؤلف: احمد طعمة جعفر الموسوي
اسم المشرف: جميل موسى النجار
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the Iranian - Lebanese relations is considered an important topic, because Lebanon for the Iranian government is one of the most essential countries in the Middle East. Hence, good relations between these two countries through different periods of times cannot be ignored especially during the era of the Safavid state which invited Shiite scholars from Jabal Amel to support and strengthen state in Iran. The most prominent of these scholars were Sheikh Ali bin Abdul Aali al - Ameli, who died in 1533, known as the “Al - Karaki the editor”, and Sheikh Hussain bin Abdul - Samad al - Amali, who died in 1576. The children of these scholars are still living in Iran, and thus the roots of the religious relations between the two countries became a reason for the development of political, economic and cultural relations in later periods.Yet, the first action in the political relations between the two countries dates back to the period of the Lebanese President Camille Chamoun (1952/1958), who is considered the first Lebanese friend to Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza, and who is credited for setting up political relations with Iran through his government's first treaty of friendship and cooperation between the two states in 17 October 1953. After that, the relations evolved to change the title of the Iranian Commission operating in Beirut to the rank of embassy and Rahmat Atabaki became “Ambassador of Iran” instead of “Minister Plenipotentiary”, while Lebanese President Camille Chamoun paid an official visit to Iran on 17 October 1956 for the purpose of rapprochement between the two countries, especially in the issue of Baghdad Pact. These relations were reinforced by joining the American policy through the accession of Iran and Lebanon to the Eisenhower project in March 1957, until President Chamoun ordered on March 5, 1957 to upgrade the Lebanese Commission working in Iran to Embassy, for the purpose of rapprochement with Iran due to the fear of the policy of President Abdel Nasser, the enemy of the Shah’s regime at that time, as President Chamoun was reluctant to the influence of Nasser in Lebanon. As a result of Chamoun’s pro - Iranian and pro - Western policy, an internal pro - Nasser opposition emerged in Lebanon in 1958 to topple Chamoun’s government, and this let to the outbreak of the 1958 uprising which was almost able to reach its goal but the interference of the Marines plus the military and financial support provided by the Shah of Iran to Chamoun’s prevented realizing this goal, and the crises ended up by electing Major General Fuad Shehab as President of "Lebanon in 1958" as successor to President Camille Chamoun.As president Shehab became in office, the Iranian - Lebanese relations cooled due the new Lebanese government's inclination towards Egyptian policy against Iran and its allies, and because of the positions of Iranian Ambassador Ali Fattouhi in Lebanon and his statements against President Gamal Abdel Nasser which led to expelling the Iranian ambassador in Beirut by the Lebanese government, and hence Lebanon broke its relations with Iran in January 1966 for 16 month until April 1967.After the re - establishment of relations, another development took place in the course of the Iranian - Lebanese relations, and this time relating to the arrest of the former head of the Iranian Savak, General Timur Bakhtiar, whose return to Iran was demanded by Tehran government because of judicial files against him. However, the Lebanese judiciary refused to send him back to Iran, and was released from Lebanese prisons after the end of the sentence. The Iranian government announced the breaking of its relations with Lebanon on April 1, 1969, which lasted until July 16, 1971.After the re - establishment of relations, Iran exploited the sectarian religious factor in Lebanon by supporting some charitable projects for the Shiite community in Lebanon, but this work did not last long until the dispute with the presidency of the Supreme Shiite Council in Lebanon, specifically with Imam Musa al - Sadr arouse due to the presence of Mustafa Jimaran (the head of the Iranian opposition) in South Lebanon which made the Iranian government neglect the affairs of the Shiite community in Lebanon, and instead it consolidated its relations with the Christian community especially with the The Lebanese Phalanges Party (Al - Kataeb) led by Pierre Gemayel and The National Liberal Party (Ḥizb Al - Waṭaniyyīn Al - Aḥrār) led by Camille Chamoun. When the Lebanese civil war broke out the Iranian government sided with the Christian factions while the Iranian people and its religious establishments supported the Muslims through offering humanitarian aid to those affected by the civil war.Economic relations were an important aspect of the relations between the two countries. For that reason, the Iranian government held an economic treaty with Lebanon on 5 July 1956, and thus trade between the two countries increased. As for touristic relations, these were also present in the course of relations between the two countries, where a tourism treaty was signed on December 9, 1973, which led to the prosperity of the economic life of Lebanon as Lebanon depends on tourism in support of its economic budgets. In the field of cultural relations, Iran supported the cultural aspect because it viewed Lebanon as the heart of the Arab world of the cultural domain, which accelerated in the conclusion of a cultural treaty on October 17, 1956. These were the relations between the two countries at all levels during 1953 - 1979

حسن عبدالله الترابي ونشاطه السياسي والفكري في السودان حتى عام 2016 HASSAN ABDULLAH AL - TURABI AND HIS INTELLECTUAL AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY IN SUDAN UNTIL 2016

اسم المؤلف: فاطمه عبد السادة شنشول
اسم المشرف: قيس جواد علي الغريري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Sudan has dramatically witnessed historical events. Such events have led to the emergence of political figures who have a great influence on Sudanese arena of politics. Such figures have motivated many researchers to study them and reveal their roles in Sudanese history. One of the most influential figures in Sudanese history is Hassan Abdullah Al - Turabi. He is a leader and thinker who has influenced contemporary Sudanese history. The study of the character of Hassan Abdullah Al - Turabi has revealed that he is a son of a prestigious family in Sudanese society. The family is famous at knowledge and religiousness. His family descends from Wad Al - Turabi village. He is a descendant of a famous mystic religious sheikh, Hamad Al - Turabi. His father is a legal judge and the first graduate of the Supreme Scientific Institute in Omdurman in 1925. Such family especially his father has influenced and shaped his personality. He travelled abroad to pursue his study in Europe where he first took Master of Law from the University of London and then Doctorate of Law from the University of Sorbonne. With these solid academic credentials, he returned to Sudan, where he became the dean of Law College at Al - Khartoum University. However, he resigned the dean office in 1964 to start his political career. His political career started by addressing a speech in a symposium held by Khartoum University to solve the Southern Sudan issue. He participated in the October Revolution. Consequently, a new era emerged in the Sudanese history called the Era of the First Democracy (1964 - 1969). Hassan Al - Turabi became the secretary general of the Islamic Charter Front and joined the Muslim Brotherhood. In 1969, Colonel Jafa'ar Al - Numeiri seized power in a coup. Al - Turabi held gradually various offices in Al - Numeiri's reign. He held the chair of a parliamentary committee to review the laws of Islamic Sharia in 1979, and then became the minister of justice and presidential consultant of foreign affairs. In 1985, an uprising broke out and consequently a new era emerged in the Sudanese history called the Era of the Second Democracy (1985 - 1989).Hassan Al - Turabi founded the National Islamic Front in 1986. In 1988, he became the deputy of the prime minster and the minister of foreign affairs in Sadiq Al - Mahdi's government. Hassan Al - Turabi is considered as the planner and implementer of the 30th July coup in 1989. The coup brought Omar Hassan Al - Bashir to the power. In 1996, Hassan Al - Turabi became the chairman of the Sudanese Parliament. He founded the party of Popular Congress and became the secretary general of the party. During his political career, Hassan Al - Turabi was detained many times by Al - Numeiri's and Al - Bashir's authorities

نوبار باشا ودوره السياسي في مصر حتى عام 1895 Nubar Pasha and his political role in Egypt until 1895

اسم المؤلف: لؤي جمعة فاضل
اسم المشرف: عماد نعمة العبادي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After studying the personality of Nubar Pasha and his political role in Egypt we can say that he was considered one of the prominent figures and active and influential in the course of the events of Egypt during the nineteenth century and although it is Armenian, but his memory remained stuck in the memory of the Egyptians has launched several labels on as many as possible His name included a street in the name of Nubar Pasha in Cairo, the Nubaria region, the Nubaria canal, the Nubari plow, the Nubari cotton, the Nubari cotton, and the Egyptian father of the peasant, let alone the most influential government positions he was assigned to, which required the experience and political skill of Nubar Pasha. The names mentioned above and the positions he has assumed reflect the fact that he had an active and influential role in the modern history of Egypt. He also received the respect of the successive governments, which did not change any of the names that confirm their appreciation for his efforts in the service of Egypt. Several factors contributed to the formation of his personality, On the political performance, including He grew up in an Armenian family that had considerable experience in administrative and commercial affairs. He studied in the schools of France and Switzerland, where he learned a lot of Western culture and foreign languages. He was married to Folek Hanim, daughter of Kevork Bek, one of the most famous Armenian families in Astana, Which facilitated Nubar Pasha's many tasks entrusted to him in addition to his good relations with foreign communities and consuls of foreign countries And then included in the functions from the time of Muhammad Ali Pasha until the reign of Abbas Hilmi II All these factors helped Nubar Pasha to form a broad knowledge of the country's political conditions, which gave him the hard ground and facilitated the performance of his functions well and able Nubar Pasha was internationally recognized as a representative of Egypt in many foreign conferences and his important international negotiations, especially during the reign of Khedive Ismail. He was fluent and spoke in many foreign languages. He was able to influence those who dealt with them and the possibility of convincing them of his point of view. Extensive experience in various administrative and political affair In spite of the great political role played by Nubar Pasha, he was criticized for establishing mixed courts. However, correspondence between him and Khedive Ismail (1863 - 1879) about its establishment confirms that his negotiations with the privileged countries were based on the wishes of Khedive Ismail and his orders And his advice to reform Egypt's deteriorating judicial system. Thus, Nubar Pasha alone is not responsible for establishing mixed courts In spite of these criticisms, Nubar Pasha considered that Egypt's independence does not depend on a concession from the high door that costs the country a heavy price, but on the strength and good management of Egypt, which in his opinion is very difficult as long as there are seventeen consulates, For the power of Khadio himself, so he started to proceed Judicial reform on the basis of unity in legislation, justice and implementation to ensure the achievement of justice for all And include the Europeans and Egyptians alike and thus prevail justice and the power of Khedive Ismael and the power of consensual consuls, but his project was not achieved because of the aspirations of European countries The courts have been subjected to numerous criticisms because their laws differ from Islamic law and are used in French, English and Italian instead of Arabic, and the presence of European judges, often characterized by favoritism to their citizens, leading to dishonesty. Moreover, most Egyptians were ignorant of the laws of these courts, which left them prey to blackmailing European moneylenders. Although these courts were manifestations of foreign influence, Therefore, Nubar Pasha is considered one of the most important figures who were characterized by nostalgia for the Egyptians, compassion for them, attention to their interests, care for their affairs and guardianship of their affairs when they confronted tyranny, corruption, nepotism, forced labor, privileges, taxes and other things. I weighed on them

الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية 1926 - 1962 The Social and Economical Situations in the Yemeni Mutawaqli Kingdom 1926 - 1962

اسم المؤلف: ماهر محمود صالح الجبوري
اسم المشرف: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Yemeni Mutawaqli Kingdom is considered the important part of Yemeni which lies on the northern part of it. It was occupied by the Ottmon State. Many radical events took place in the time of First World War (1914 - 1918). It supports to form a political entity. So many social and economical status (1926 - 1962) is considered the natural outcome to the political of the Emam Yahya Hameed and his successive son Al - Emam Ahmed which had great effect on the nature of the Yemeni society. The following study has concluded the following findings : • The Mutawakly kingdom has founded after the fall of the Ottman kingdom (1914 - 1918)• Economically, the area of the kingdom has characterized with a fertilizing land, having availability of grains and crops that help make strong economy.• The kingdom has relied on traditional and primitive industry such as pottery dyeing colors and textiles, leather industries and sesame oil and making mats, scooping and getting little oil - drilling depending on the foreign capitals.• The trade had been deteriorated during the area of Al - Emam Yahya due to many reasons such as lack of transportation and lack of banking transactions. • The study reveals that Al - Emam Ahmed had made many reforms in the field of economical and social life and hold many contracts with Russia and Japan and some other Arabian and European countries and some American companies for the purpose of developing economy

الاوضاع الداخلية في كركوك 1958 - 1968 The internal situations in Kirkuk 1958 - 1968

اسم المؤلف: مريم محمود عيدان الجبوري
اسم المشرف: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Kirkuk Brigade is one of the most important Iraqi brigades, occupying an important strategic position in northern Iraq, making it a North - South link, As well as containing the black gold (oil), which is the greatest wealth in the world, in addition to the fact that the brigade is an important agricultural area, It includes a colorful social structure composed of different nationalities and spectrums of Turkmen, Arabs and Kurds, As well as the different religions and doctrines in which Muslims, Christ and Jews previously, all of them live together as brothers and lovers are linked with the bonds of friendship, marriage, love and brotherhood, All of this made the brigade of Kirkuk the focus of everyone's attention is the heart of Iraq's spring. During the period 1958 - 1968, the Kirkuk Brigade witnessed clear developments in all its political, social and economic situations, As the revolution of 14 July 1958 and the subsequent political events had a positive and negative impact on the brigade in particular, The political events and the political struggle for power that the country experienced during the study period had a negative effect on the Kirkuk Brigade. The results were clear in 1959 as the worst massacre in the history of the brigade, Moreover, the revolution of July 14, 1958 had positive effects on its behalf if the government undertook many urban projects in order to promote and raise the social, cultural and economic level of the country. The researcher reached the following conclusions : • As a result of a new republican regime, administrative changes were required, as some administrative units moved on the one hand, and new areas of the brigade were created as a result of the expansion of some administrative units and the increase in the number of its inhabitants.• The researcher realized that the powers of the military ruler were during the rule of Abdul Karim Qasim far more than the powers of the administrator and became all civil matters in his hand as well as that the local administration has become subject to his supervision, which made the military rule until 1963 when the arrival of Abdul Salam Aref to power canceled the post The military ruler and expanded the powers of the executive.• In the field of education and education in the brigade, the government took care of this aspect a lot and worked hard to raise the level of cultural and during the period of study and the opening and restoration of several schools within the Kirkuk Brigade, and encouraged the education of women and opened secondary schools for girls and received primary education luck, Primary schools in the brigade, This is due to the large numbers of people and the importance of education, As well as the availability of all educational services, including free education, which was an encouraging factors that prompted families to send their children to school, We also note that the number of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Salam Aref was less, as we compared in the preparation of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Karim Qasim, This is due to the lack of government allocations for the budget of education and directing it to another area to carry out other projects because of the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the preparation of schools.• In the health field, it has also received great attention from the government as many hospitals, health clinics and maternity and childhood centers were opened during the study period to raise the level of health in the brigade, The researcher also found that the number of hospitals has decreased during 1967, due to the cases of integration and cancellation of the hospitals in the brigade, as well as the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the number of hospitals opened in the brigade reduced the health budget and turned it into the military establishment.• The transport and communications sector witnessed a remarkable development within the Kirkuk Brigade as the government took care of it. It established a passenger transport service as a result of the increase of the population of the brigade during that period. It also opened many bridges and roads and provided all social services to cope with development and change to raise the social level.• Agriculture in Kirkuk was characterized by the development of the republican era as a result of modern irrigation projects, including the introduction of modern agricultural means, including mechanization, as well as the construction of dams and dams, which raised the agricultural reality, as well as the agricultural environment of Kirkuk helped improve the quality of production.• The industry, along with traditional industries, found other handicraft industries that led to the establishment of factories and factories that concentrated in the main cities of the brigade. This led to the development of the internal trade of the brigade. Kirkuk became the center of the brigade, a commercial center, which led to the emergence of commercial markets which diversified in diversified commodities and industrial products. What distinguishes the study period is the establishment of an industrial bank that took upon itself the financing of industrial projects, which resulted in the emergence of civil projects in Kirkuk

تاريخ الزهد والتصوف الاسلامي واثره في البصرة خلال القرنين الاول والثاني الهجريين

اسم المؤلف: عادل اسماعيل خليل العبود
اسم المشرف: خليل هاشم عباس الزويني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2002
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

التطورات السياسية في اليمن الشمالي 1968 - 1978 Political developments in North Yemen 1968 - 1978

اسم المؤلف: سارة مكي عبد علي عباس الشمري
اسم المشرف: كاظم حسن جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The tribe was one of the most powerful elements in the Yemeni cause. It had power and authority that exceeded the authority of the central government. Saudi Arabia exploited this matter and turned its attention to them because of the importance and location of Yemen to them and several regional and international countries intervened in Yemen after the fall of the monarchy. The people who took the leadership of Yemen، since the reign of the Imam and until the fall of the last leaders، were soldiers and not civilians، which had the result that they were in a clash and a permanent conflict with the authority of the tribe. The government was composed of the Presidential Council (the Revolutionary Command Council)، the ministers and the Advisory Council. The Advisory Council speaker was the elder Abdullah Bin Hussein Al - Ahmar and this had always made the government and the council in a permanent conflict. The conflict was between the government، the tribes and the elders. The elder Al - Ahmar was always the one who represented the conflict. In 1973، the Yemeni authority entered a dark path due to internal political disputes and conflicts. Abdul Rahman Al - Iryani decided to resign and agreed with the Advisory Council chairman that he would also resign. Yemen then entered a new phase، the stage of President Ibrahim Al - Hamdi. During this period، the power of the tribe was withheld and its influence removed from the army، which made the elders in enmity to Ibrahim Al - Hamdi. He was seeking to establish a civil state rather than a tribal state. When Ibrahim Al - Hamdi became the president، he took care of the army and the military rank and turned down the power influence of the tribes. The issue of unity with the South was of great interest in order to declare unity between them، but because of this policy was assassinated in a treacherous and ugly way and because of this regional and international intervention، the Yemeni people have never enjoyed the results of the revolution against the monarchy.In view of the importance of this historical period of the life of the Yemeni people from its political history، a topic was chosen for this message، which consisted initially of a prelude to Yemen's political، social and economic history before and after the revolution. The first chapter examined the period from 1968 - 1972، before Abdul Rahman al - Eryani stepped down from power to Ibrahim al - Hamdi، and the conflict between the republicans and the monarchists until the announcement of national reconciliation and the developments that took place after the declaration of reconciliation. The second chapter focuses on the causes of the conflict between the political forces and the coup done by Ibrahim al - Hamdi as well as meetings of the unity committees between Sana'a and Aden and the political differences between them، the coup of Ibrahim al - Hamdi or the June 13 corrective movement and the political parties in the era of Ibrahim al - Hamdi.The third chapter is about the political developments in 1975 - 1978 and what happened during that period، which is represented by some important events and the most important was Hamdi's assumption of power and the crime of assassination in a treacherous and ugly manner and the repercussions of the internal situation. The authority overtake of Hussein al - Khashmi and his assassination and Abdul Karim al - Arashi who overtook the power for 40 days to run the government and gave it up to Ali Abdullah Saleh.

مؤسسة الحسبة وتطورها في بلاد الشام : دراسة تاريخية من القرن الاول حتى نهاية القرن السادس الهجري Organization of the calculation and developed her in countries of Al - Sham Historic study from horned first the century corroded Sixth Hijra

اسم المؤلف: علي هادي ناجي العجيلي
اسم المشرف: علي عطية شرقي الكعبي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: AL - Hesba of the calculation and developed her in countries of Al - Sham Historic study from horned first the century corroded Sixth Hijra. Address of the chapter was first he general look in organization of the calculation and inclusion of four topics the topic first : Organization of the calculation is understandable her, and her legitimacy and her importance. Inclusion of four claimants concentrated on organization of the calculation understandable and adequate convention aalqraan and the age.The topic second : Development the founded calculation in the era Islamic and inclusion of three claimant whymu'sst the grown - up calculation in era the prophecy and the succession then the oriental thought for the founded calculation in aal'islaam.'amaa the topic third and as to his address organization of the calculation in the era the emus, as for the topic fourth losing organization of the calculation in the era Al - Abbasi concentrated onAs for the chapter second his disassemblies of address is role calculated in organization the calculation inclusion of three topics first bases of choice concentrated on calculated and the second criteria followed for his choice and the topic is union members of the founded calculation last helpful identicals waalme'aawnwn.'imaa the topic third : Losing included workplace calculated and his registers. Clothes of clothes calculated and arranged his.Either the chapter third losing was his address the historic development for organization of the calculation end of the era corroded aal'aywby , and inclusion of six topics first organization of the calculation in the era aalTwlwny and the topic second organization of the calculation maabyn eras between aalTwlwnyyn waalaaxshydyn, and third organization of the calculation in countries of Al - Sham in the era aal'ixshydy and fourth organization of the calculation in countries of Al - Sham during the faatmy era and fifth : Calculated in the period between falling faaTmy and entering aalaaywbyn countries of Al - Sham and sixth organization of the calculation In countries of Al - Sham in the era aal'aywbyThe chapter comes fourth and last where applied concentrates astride while role hangs in calculated losing was complete choice of examples from position calculated in organization the calculation and inclusion of the chapter five topics first position hangs in calculated in the domain religious and the topic second position calculated while the third domain economic and the topic hangs in position calculated while the fourth domain social either the topic hangs in so indeed her position concentrated on calculated in the domain healthy either the topic fifth so position be interested in calculated while domain hangs in constructive and the analgesic.Then last and pursued and the sources and the returns The endTo this study showed several conclusions summarizes her baalaaty - 1Simple origin originated the calculation in beginning her matter shaanhaa at that Sean all position in the scientist Islamic, yet that she independent position in her does not harbor alternatives w'inmaa was mere matters in known and his kernels about repudiated .2 - Other than indeed the calculation occupied standing in the language, so she poisonous than the satisfaction, and means the good arrangement, and the satisfaction means : Ugly denial the work and the calculation from the account in meaning of accounting was formed the breath or accounting aalGyr, or accounting of Allah rose for the people. 3 - The calculation originally to Islamic sources returns her her basis aalqraan generous and modern honorable, losing increased the Quranic miracles and the prophetic interviews which orders known and ends about repudiated.

العلاقات الفرنسية الايرانية 1958 - 1981 Relation between France and Iran (1958 - 1981

اسم المؤلف: صفاء جليل ثجيل
اسم المشرف: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Occupies the study of International relations great importance in the can temporary world, Especially once Regional and strategy state as Iran, and Europe state as France each located on the different continent and separate them vast distance, But a common interest brought them together and a common positions of world issues, it led to the formation of Bilateral relations Parties gathered in the several fields, as a policy, Economic, and the Health Even the Cultural sphere, Reflected the reality that the relation are not confined geographical boundaries, or a language, or a political system, or even religious ties, but subject to consideration self - interest, and ideological prespectives, to the ruling political system, and its orientations. If the International relations represent the general frame to the convergence of all forms between peoples the forging policy is occupies part bountiful from this area, it cannot be any state in the world to build relationships with the other states without paint constants and variables of forging policy and public. Lines, to be able to achieve its goals, commensurate with motives and requirements and perhaps it may result in failures, away that’s Makes it reconsider in policy and paint a new dimension for international relations and put, so the forging policy the bedrock of international relation, this is in addition to the international law, which is subject to all considerations of international relation, Iran plays a strategic role in the east making it the focus of attention of European powers in clouding France, which tried repeatedly follow multiple policies to keep pace with Iran and gain satisfaction in many periods. The study came to address the issue of the relation between France and Iran since the phase Gaullist even the Islamic republic in Iran (1958 - 1981) consisting of an intro diction and four parts and conclusion, the first chapter includes the relations in the era of DE Gaulle, and the most important controls, and the Iran and method of dealing the world, with the statement of pillars of its forging policy au France look it to. While the second quarter came to Explaining the nature of the change which happened in Iran after the white revolution and implications for the forging policy of Iran with the statement of size armament obtained by Iran of European powers, including France, pointing to the most important aspects of relations between the two countries, and their attitude towards October war 1973 and the impact on ties. Big radical evolution happened then in the contemporary history of Iran it is the outbreak of the Islamic revolution led by ayatollah Khomeini and the creative revolution doctor Ali Shariti and the nature of the position taken by France from the Islamic revolution and the revolutionary elements both within Iran or those that have resorted to pairs during the revolution including ayatollah Khomeini which what work the third chapter to coverage. Even if the Iran - Iraq war broke out after the formation of the republic shortly we find that the relations between two sides it has taken a negative chapter, especially after France's support for Iraq and arming it against Iran, and continuing its hostile policy against Iran, particularly in the period of president Mitterrand with the withdrawal of Iran its share of nuclear facilities, and the deterioration of companies responsible for funding of these projects, with a view of the causes of this war, and the position of European powers of it. Of course, the relations between them have seen this fluctuation according to the dictates of international conditions, that is still to this day sets define paths of war and war and peace in the world.

اهل الحديث في العراق ودورهم في الحركة الفكرية في العصر العباسي الاول 132 - 334 هـ / 749 - 945 م

اسم المؤلف: ناهضة مطر حسن
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2003
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الحياة الاجتماعية في بلاد الشام قبل الاسلام

اسم المؤلف: زينب خليل محمد المعموري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2003
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The social life in the northern region p e - Islam is considered among the vital and in important subjects that deserves disccusion and study as such subjrcts are considered the basic pillar to be aware of the nature of human and social life that prevailed that area , if we want to display the most important results which we conclude at this study , the following points will appear : 1. Numerous people and nations that belong to pure Arab races had in habited the northern region , the best proof of this is the Arabic names which we receive that thay named such as Hanafi , Saeed and the Arabic names of their kings such as AL - Hareth I , king of Nabatean , Uthayna , king of palmyra and AL - Hareth bin Jabala , the prince of Ghassasina , among those rations are Nabateans , palmyras and Ghassasina as they migrated from different areas due to economical commercial or political reasons in order to hold political alliances , as those people had great role and impact in rising and promoting the civilzation at this region . 2. Those people were able to establish their kingdoms at the territories where they lived such as Nabatean kingdom which was arosenat Transjordan and Ghassasina kingdom in Damascus due to their cultural and educational developing . 3. These kingdoms had had ruling systems organized democraticly based on foundations and principles usually led by the king as monarchy was usually restricted at one family and the king was practicing leadership and ruling responsibilities commonly with the people and this what was happening with the kings of Nabateans , as the king of Nabatean was submitting a complete statement of his work in front of the people . In respect to kings of Ghassasina , they weren’t practicing the responsibilities of leadership freely , but they were undertaking consultation base as the kings were consulting leading personalities of his people about important matters , then their ruling system had changed gradually from chieftain system to monarchy . 4. They had also the system of political establishments which were controlling the affairs inside the kingdom such as Daimus and poli councils especially in palmyra kingdom as they had had establishments contained civil servants for finance and a civil servant responsible for markets , there was the official who was responsible for arbitrating and other jobs . This refers to the extent of developing and progress which their establishments had reached at that period . 5. Various class formations had appeared due to the economical and commercial Flourishing which the people of these kingdoms had reached , so there were the very rich aristocratic class inside Nabatean and palmyra , the middle class and there was also the poor class , which point that the classic formation of their society was organized according to pyramidal succession from the highest to the lowest as it is at our to day society . 6. Woman had a distinct role in building the kingdom , this is what we obviously see in Palmyra and the impact of Zanobia in practicing leadership as the ruling of Zanobia had extended to east territories . 7. The commercial and industrial activities had reached a progress stage due to the nature of their country and its situation which helped them to control the commercial roads that passing their country especially Nabatean and palmyra which led to prominence of cultural , and social aspects and economical prosperity and flourishing as they had known developed industries such as lamps and statues industries and mintage , they were skillful also in decoration . 8. They were fond of and interested in selecting the best types of bragging clothes as their kings were wearing the most bragging clothes made of silk and linen which were embroidered with gold and precious stones and they were perfuming with the best quality of perfume types and their women also were fond of selecting the most beautiful types of cosmatics and pieces of jewelry , what indicate the progress of their goldsmithing is what they were working in pieces of jewelry and gems of Nabatean,s women 9. Various types of separated houses that encarved in big rocks had appeared especially in Nabatean , while the houses of palmyre were built like the houses of rich people at the present time A number of remains which indicate their using of farniture , sofas and chairs in their houses as it is in our houses to day had appeared , this remark the range of their architectural progress in building and arranging their houses . 10. In respect to their marriage , cases of mirrage with the strangers , specially marriage of jewish had appeared , this was at the upper class of Nabatean society , this marriage was occurred due to political impetus this palmyras got married of each other , this marriage often occured at early age . 11. They also had their special feast days , the palmyras in particular as they considered April 6 the most famous religious feast of them and AL - Shaaneen day which the Ghassasina celebrated . 12. As far to their dead and burying them , they had their own customs and ritual to burg them which indicate their respect to them . 13. Religions and worships varied among the people of northern region which some of them had come from Arab peninsula and others from Iraq , so the worship of idols , stars and sun , paganism and christianity had also appeared . The number of idols of palmyras had reached 60 but some worshiped the idols while other embraced christianity . performing these religious rituals were associated with some traditional customs like reading Mass , presenting immolations and votive offering which often were of butching meat . finally , we have to say that the results which we conclude may not be final because knowledage is in continuous progress , but I wish I was successful to pay great attention to the theme of this study and to be of great useful to every one wants to know the nature of social life of northern region’s people including scholars , educated and specialists with Regards .

تاريخ الاسلام في كتاب تاريخ مار ميخائيل السرياني الكبير بطريرك انطاكية حتى نهاية العصر الراشدي History of Islam in the book of ‎the history of St. Michael the ‎ Great Syriac Patriarch of ‎Antioch until the end ‎ of the Rashidi era

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة يوسف عباس السعدي
اسم المشرف: زمان عبيد وناس نـعـيـم عـبـد جـودة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Despite the contemporary Syriac historical events and recorded them in time, but we note many gaps and errors in the transfer of the historical event of St. Michael, some were deliberate and others inadvertently, and we will highlight the most important results we reached through this study : 1. Writing his book was motivated by religious, he addresses the audience of Christians of the East in the first degree and the audience of his church in the second degree.2. Adoption of the patterns of Byzantine yearbooks, followed by a special method in the classification of his book, combining the history of religious as stated in the Bible and the Byzantine yearbooks.3. Dry construction methods are not adopted.4. Michael was influenced by the Arab methods, and he quoted the methods of arranging the articles of his history and limiting them within specific years confined to the rule of the King, Khalifa or Sultan.5. The attribution was not mentioned in the events and replaced by the church fathers, scientists and historians.6. It is not based on Arab historians.7. Adopt the short and direct method of narration without going into details.8. History of the military aspect in the history of the Arab Islamic state, especially the Islamic conquests, and did not address the other aspects : civilization, culture, social status, economic situation and other aspects of life.9. The control of his saying of the divine punishment on his tendency to transfer the Syriac novel to the news of Al - Futuh.10. Accusing Islam of being a religion borrowed from Judaism and Christianity.11. Michael attributes the establishment of the Islamic state to war, murder, pillage and vandalism, and that Islam is based on the sword, and then we see it contradicts itself from this aspect in its history. We see elsewhere in his book that the Islamic religion and other religions did not interfere In matters of faith.12. He deliberately concealed many facts about certain things such as the tribute imposed on the people of Dhimah, which he referred only to its imposition, and did not mention its reasons, purpose and conditions, in order to emphasize that Islam is a religion of greed and greed whose purpose is material benefit.13. A comparison between Islam and Christ, and we see it sometimes in his presentation of the view of Islam to Christ and sometimes make mistakes.14. Many of the topics he talks about directly and without giving introductions to clarify the subject, we refer to the death of the Prophet  directly and without any introductions, and without mentioning the year of his death  or any other events in this regard, (7 years), and did not succeed in that years of the rule of the Prophet  more than seven years.15. He did not mention the old caliphate, its details, and how it was established at the time. It merely states that Abu Bakr is behind the Prophet in the ruling, and then mentions the death of Khalifa and another ruling.16. He addressed the Islamic conquests and the battles that took place during them, without mentioning the name of the battle, merely mentioning the events and the place where they occurred.17. Most of the names of the leaders of the Islamic armies did not mention them correctly, because it tells the events of the conquest of the Byzantine side.18. He referred to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and eclipses, but he did not succeed in mentioning them correctly and often see him exaggerating the story of events.19. He referred to the translation of the Gospel in the time of Caliph Umar ibn al - Khattab, but we found no reference to that translation in the Arab historical accounts, which may be an attempt to translate and not complete.20. Michael concluded his talk about the Rashidi era by referring to the scene of the fire in the reign of Ali bin Abi Talib, for the purpose of stating that Islam is only a religion of fighting and wars

نشاة وتطور التعليم في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة (1971 - 1991) : دراسة تاريخية

اسم المؤلف: بلسم سالم داود
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:

عبد الله بن جعفر بن ابي طالب عليه السلام 1 - 80هـ / 622 - 700م : دراسة في حياته العامة

اسم المؤلف: انور عبد علي حميد
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم جدوع محسن السلمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الحياة الاسرية لائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام)

اسم المؤلف: مها عبد الله نجم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

احمد عبد الهادي الحبوبي ونشاطه السياسي حتى عام 2003 Ahmed Abdul Hadi Al Habbobi and his political activity until 2003

اسم المؤلف: ثناء عبد الحسين جابر
اسم المشرف: عماد نعمة العبادي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: History of contemporary Iraq witnessed historical events have led to the emergence of several political personalities have an impact on the change of the events which require study of these characters and see their outstanding role to their appearance in the Iraqi arena, its impact on the audiences that are the cornerstone of history, and that in itself is reason to know the characters that influenced the mass medium and the reason to make historical events over the years ago. Among the most prominent of those characters that left vast echo in Iraqi arena Ahmed Abdul Hadi Al Habbobi a political activist and former Minister in the Republican era II 1963 - 1968 and is one of the most veteran figures who synchronize Iraq events since royal era until US occupation of Iraq in 2003. After studying the character of Ahmed Al Habbobi and tracing his political activity , turned out several of the following; - The family of Ahmed Al Habbobi is from the known Najaf families as the Arab character involving many men of science and literature and the clergy and was notably his uncle Said Mohamed Saeed Al Habbobi, and all those - prominent characters that left clear impact on his personality and influenced by national and Arab character ,regarded as prominent character for this prominent family. - City of Najaf left an impact among her sons sprit through the love of science and culture and language eloquence and eloquence of speech and Instilling in the population the love of country and defended and left national impact , including Ahmed Al Habbobi. - He Joined to the party of independence in 1946, after being briefed on his national objectives, and his admiration with Sheikh Mohamed Mahdi Kubba personality ,Independence Party Chairman who had a deep connection with his uncle Mr. Mohamed Saeed Al Habbobi, aware that the party objectives meet his aspirations and ambitious to achieve the national goals and the full independence of Iraq. - He shared with his colleges students in January 1948 leap and student demonstrations in 1952 and subjected to prosecution by the police and managed to disappear and he returned to Najaf city after the situation calmed . In the same year he contributed to the formation of the National Youth Bureau in Najaf with Sheik Ahmed Al Jazaeri where he is careful to his city sons in the drift of the current communist regime and worked hard to earn the national mainstream youth. - From the leading roles, most notably that were one of the reasons for the emergence of Ahmed Al Habbobi in the political arena through his leadership of the Najaf uprising in 1956 that came out after thetripartite aggression against Egypt, was an uprising in favor and supportive of Egypt and opposed to aggression. - He was one of the a participant in the Najaf delegation that celebrated 14 July revolution ,1958 and delivered a speech expressing the joy of Iraqi people who hoped that a new era in the history of modern Iraq. - After the revolution subjected to harassment and assault by communists who trespass on his office and lit it on fire after he came out in a procession to commemorate the death of Prophet Mohamed (prayer of God be upon him and his family and peace), after that he decided to leave to Saudi Arabia to avoid the arrest. - He returned to Iraq after the coup of 8 February 1963, to participate in the activities of the Socialist Arab Party after he announced his affiliation, for his ethics and his qualities which marked , add to that he nominated to the political Bureau of the Socialist Arab Party and mandated to him the work and coordination between the provinces and all lines of the party. - In 1965 had a position as Minister of municipal and Rural Affairs in the second ministry of Tahir Yahya ,where he lasted (40) days after opposing the Arab Socialist Party members on his participation in the Government, and the failure of Abdul Salam Arif with his promise to form a real national Government, he preferred to resign to maintain his status and identity.

الحيوان في الفكر العربي حتى عام 11 هجرية/ 632 ميلادية : دراسة تاريخية Animals in the Arabic Thought up to 11 Hijri

اسم المؤلف: عماد عمران عبيد ابو حديدة
اسم المشرف: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Animals had a great value to the Arabs when compared with anything else if the horses excluded, for it was called the fortune. The word fortune' that Arabs used meant the camels. They measured the tribe's power and dignity with the number of camels obtained by the tribe. The more number means the more importance to the tribe. It was at the same time, cost to happiness sadness. The bride's dowry was a number of female camels and her value is measured with their increasing camels number Abla's story is well known for all when her father limited one hundred female camels to her dowry. Thus, camel were cost stop blood and to pay unintended killing according to what the people decide or agree at that time. Camels were the Arabs companion since a long time. They were the desert ship and life artery as well as they were basis to his poem, oration, poetry, living source, transportation means, and the war equipment. Camels were mentioned in the old holy books. In the Bible, we find that Sheba's queen came to Salmon in a very great convoy o camels carrying perfumes, gold, and precious stones. Due to the animals importance in the holy Quran, we mention according to the time priority : 1) The wisdom behind mentioning crow in the Adam's prophet story save other animals2) The cow : the cow was mentioned in the holy Quran. It is the longest sura and named by this name 3) The wolf : it is the story of our prophet Yousif.4) The hoopoe, it is the Sheba's queen story and the prophet Salmon 5) The prophet Salih's story and his she camel.6) The story of Salmon' ant 7) The story of Mose's stick 8) The story of the seven sleepers of Ephesus and their dog 9) The story of Younis whale10) The story of Cave's spider11) The story of Ibraham's bird 12) The elephant story 13) The story of the prophet Mohammed's she camel, Al Qeswa'a The camel was mentioned in the holy Quran when this comparison followed by raising the heaven. This refers to the high creativity of this creature There are suras in the holy Quran named by animals names and their private attributes indicating to them save other beasts as ( carriage, beds, body, riding, sacrifice). In the Cattle sura (verse 143) " And of the cattle (He produceth) some for burdens, some for food. Eat of that which Allah hath bestowed upon you, and follow not the footsteps of the devil, for lo! he is an open foe to you.". In the Pilgrimage (verse 36)" And the camels! We have appointed them among the ceremonies of Allah. Therein ye have much good ". so, the camels is the plural of camel which is the camel. It was named so for its great body In the Folding Up "And when the camels big with young are abandoned" The word " the camel" was mentioned in seven Ayas in the Quran, three times in the Cow Sura (Aya 196), three times in the Table Spread (Ayas 95, 97), and in one time in the Victory (A ya 25), the Camels were also mentioned. The first thing that calls sight in the chaste prophet biography is the prophet saying camels are pride to its owners" The prophet recommended the care with camels when he said "if you pass through green land, let camels take their chance and if you pass throughr mountainous land try to accelerate" Thus, this clear case that green land is for grazing while in dryness it should not stay for long time. History mentioned some famous camels such as 1) Al Besous she camel.2) Khelou Bin Rouhi : has a famous story that Arabs described in their tales( if it becomes pregnant, it will be heavy; if it walks, it has long steps; if it is slaughtered, it satisfied; and if it is milked, it quenches the thirst) The prophet was true when he said ( camels are pride to its owners, sheep are blessing, and the good is within horses till the doom day).Islam honored horses and camels mentioning their great importance as a symbol. Power, and a means to declare the divine message and conveying sciences and knowledge to the liberated lands. Thus, horses, camels, and other animals became a means where muslims knights rode to liberate the world Finally, I could prove with this modest effort through my study and research for this topic (Animals in the Arabic Thought up to 11 Hiji) the decisive evidence between the readers and generations that Arabs and Islamic nation could enrich humanity with science and support with schoiars. This was a decisive answer with Quranic proofs and prophet speeches implying images of creation and Quranic miraculous of the animals sura which form the basic significance in the human life till our present time Arab nation and Islamic nation, through holy Quran suras and the prophet speeches preceded the animals right in the Quran and the prophet speeches that indicates the Arabs and muslims preceded the west in the animals right. In this concern, poets wrote poems, proverbs were established, with many military, economic, commercial, and psychological uses. The current paper is also an answer to those who deny the Arab nation as a nation of the holy Quran that descended in their Arabic language as anilliterate nation that has no science and scholars. By this modest effort, I prove through my study and searching this topic, the Arabs and muslims role who preceded all nations in their sciences including zoology. This was stated before time and history witnesses this mentioning the advanced construction of science and scholars llah to raise troubles from my nation and to save my country from occupation I ask a which targeted sciences, scholars, and culture, that zoology is a colour among others. I ended this by Allah sura Iraham : Deem not that Allah is unaware of what the wicked do He but giveth them a respite till a day when eyes will stre (in terror),(42) As they come hurrying on in fear, their heads upraised, their gaze hearts as air. (43) And warn mankind of a day when the doom will come upon them, and those who did wrong will say : Our Lord! Reprieve us for a little while. We will obey Thy call and will follow the messengers. (It will be answered) : Did ye not swear before that there would be no end for you? (44) And (have ye not) dwelt in the dwellings of those who wronged themselves (of old) and (hath it not) become plain to you how We dealt with them and made examples for you? (45)

اثار الثورة الصناعية في اوضاع الطبقة العاملة بالمدن الصناعية البريطانية 1837 - 1901 The effects of the Industrial Revolution on the conditions of the working class in British industrial cities (1837 - 1901)

اسم المؤلف: هديل حسن قاسم الياسري
اسم المشرف: حيدر صبري شاكر الخيقاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This thesis dealt with the study of the effects of the industrial revolution on the conditions of the working class in British industrial cities during the Victorian era (1837 - 1901), and was divided into an introduction, a prelude, four chapters and an end.The prelude to the emergence of industrial revolution in Britain during the second half of the eighteenth century, showing the theories of the pioneers of economic thought and its impact on the growth of consciousness of the working class before 1837.The first chapter examined the effects of the industrial revolution on the working class conditions until 1837, and included three aspects : The first topic dealt with the challenges faced by the working class in industrial cities prior to the Victorian era. The second section explained the exploitation of workers by employers, While the third topic is devoted to highlighting the role of trade unions in demanding the rights of workers.The second chapter deals with the role of the working class in establishing the documentary movement and the government's position on the struggle of workers and their suffering until 1848, and divided into three sections. The first topic explained the factors that led to the establishment of the working class by the working class. (1839 - 1848), and the third section of the British government's legislation to improve working class conditions (1842 - 1848).IIThe third chapter deals with the economic and social effects of the industrial revolution on the working class and the reactions thereof during the period (1848 - 1881). It included two topics : The first topic dealt with the study of the suffering of workers from the hardships of living and working conditions during the period (1848 - 1881) The laws of factories issued during the period (1850 - 1881) and their effect on improving working conditions.Chapter Four traces the economic and political developments on the ideology of the working class and its political orientations during the period (1881 - 1901). It included three aspects : The first topic dealt with the role of the working class in the formation of the Socialist Unions and Societies during the period 1881 - 1893. Who worked on the establishment of the Independent Labor Party (1893). The third topic explained the role of the working class in the establishment of the British Labor Party and its political activity during the period (1900 - 1901(.The conclusion highlighted the most important results achieved through the study, including the role of the working class in the development of industry in Britain during the Victorian era, the great suffering suffered by the working class due to exploitation by the owners of factories and capitalists, and the establishment of the working class to establish trade unions and socialist unions and political parties In order to demand their rights and success in forcing the legislative and executive authorities to respond to their demands.

محمد الجسر ودوره السياسي والاداري في لبنان حتى عام 1934 م

اسم المؤلف: عبد الخالق محمد عبد
اسم المشرف: قحطان حميد كاظم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:

مصر وبلاد الشام في عصر دولة المماليك البحرية من خلال كتب الرحالة والبلدانيين : دراسة في الحياة العامة (648 - 784هـ/1250 - 1382م) Egypt and Sham in Mamluke Naval State Era Through Travelers and Statemen Books : A Study in the General Life ( 1382 - 1250 AD / 648 - 784 H )

اسم المؤلف: عبد الحكيم صالح عبد القادر
اسم المشرف: محمود فياض حمادي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study includes five chapters with different number of pages for each due to the information each one has. Chapter one deals with shedding light on Mamluke and the reason why they are named as such and on their origins. It also deals with how they came to the Islamic world and to the Arab Homeland in general ad to Egypt in particular. Besides, this chapter focus on how they appeared in the political setting and how they saved the Islamic world from Mangol and how faced their army who destroyed everything they passed - by without mercilessly. It also covers the restoration of the Abbasside Caliph and moving it from Baghdad into Egypt after it was invaded by Mangol in 656 H. The second chapter covers the political and administrative sides during Mamluke era . It also covers the highest posts in Mamluke state , their salaries and sultan's gifts for them. Chapter three is dedicated to the economic and social sides like agriculture , industry , minerals , trade , scales , rivers , lakes , gulfs , bridges building and growing some of the plants. This chapter makes a mention for the existence of some minerals in these regions. It focuses on the social side in Egypt and Sham which demonstrates their clothes and chevrons which they were wearing when sultan was out or in Fridays or in Ceremonies. Chapter four is about the scientific and intellectual sides in the Mamluke naval state. It covers some of the science and scientists. It also makes a mention for the schools and the interest mamluke showed to encourage the scientists and scholars when they tended to gift them. Finally, chapter five encompasses the religious side . It covers how Mamluke were interested in building mosques and the pillars that were hanging the covering of the Kaaba. It also sheds light on the interest in pilgrims and how they were facilitating their caravans as led by one of the princes chosen by sultan for that mission in a great ceremony. It shows how sultan helped those pilgrims who were unable to afford pilgrimage expenses and costs and those who were handicapped to carry them to Hejaz with great protection.

غوستاف ستريزمان واثره في السياسة الالمانية 1878 - 1929 Gustav Stresemann and His impact on the German Policy (1878 - 1929)

اسم المؤلف: لــؤي تـوفيق حسن
اسم المشرف: منتهى عذاب ذويب
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Studying historical figures and their impact on different fields is regarded as one of the important studies for understanding different historical events that lead to economic, social, political, and intellectual developments. On this basis, the topic of this study was "Gustav Streseman and His impact on the German Policy (1878 - 1929)" for shedding the light on this important figure in the modern and contemporary history of Germany. He saved no effort to get Germany out of its international isolation and building relations with European countries based on peace and respect ,especially with France regarding the interests of his country. This choice was also made by the encouragement of my respectful professor Dr. Muntaha Athaab and her support in studying European history.The study consisted of an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion that contained the most important findings of the study. The first chapter discussed the social and intellectual life of Streseman as well as his early political work. It talked about his birth and the family he descended from, his education in the different stages, his mentors. It also discussed his life in university and the emergence of his political tendency by entering the field of politics and joining the National Liberal Party, then, his election as a member in the Reichstag and the chairmanship of the economic committee until 1912.The second chapter discussed Streseman's role in the National Liberal Party and the Reichstag 1912 - 1918. It started by stating the role of Streseman in the party and heading the economic committee as well as winning second term in the Reichstag in 1914 and his second heading of the economic committee. It also discussed his attitude towards Germany's declaring of war against France in 1914. It also highlighted his role in the Reichstag in making amendments in the German constitution, and resolving the crisis of 1917.The third chapter investigated the role of Streseman in the Peoples Party, Reichstag and Chancellery between 1918 - 1923. It included his stand in the coup of Berlin in 1918 and his political stands in the Peoples Party 1919 - 1922. This chapter also illustrated his political role in heading the foreign affairs committee in the Reichstag until becoming the chancellor in 1923, as well as his chancellorship in August 1923 and his internal policy through the reformative decisions he made; his campaigns against the communists in different places in Germany; and his foreign policy with France in resolving the invasion of the Ruhr region.The fourth chapter focused on the role of Streseman in the foreign policy of his country in his foreign ministry 1923 - 1929 which is the year of his death as well as his role in the Peoples Party. The chapter highlighted his efforts in resolving the problem of compensations with France and the rejection of the Geneva Protocol project proposed by France to ensure its boarders with Germany. This chapter also discussed his political role and efforts in establishing Locarno Convention until his death in 1929. The study has reached the following conclusions : 1. The attention that Streseman had by his family, their adherence that he should continue his study made him a good reader and curious which led to excellency, admiration of his mentors, his high self - esteem, the passion to renew and change, and later, fame.2. The beginnings of his intellectual awareness were his observations of the disadvantages and advantages of religious men and their exploitation of people under the cover of religion. On this basis, he believed that the religious men should not interfere with politics. After he joined the university, the idea of entering the field of politics became to crystalize in his mind. After he became interested in politics and intellectuality, he began studying history very carefully, especially the history of Germany. After he studied the personality of Bismarck, he became interested in him and learned a lot from him. This was obvious in his policy (as will be shown in the study).3. Through his study of the history of Germany and the policy of Bismarck, Streseman realized the importance of economy for every country in the world. This is why he studied political economics in his masters and doctorate degrees as he believed in the necessity of developing and pushing the German economy forward to achieve development in all the aspects and resolve many social problems, especially the poor class. 4. Streseman also realized that developing economy needs political stability of his country and solving the problems with France like the problem of compensations and the invasion of the Rohr region. He started with important steps in this respect. The first step was to get Germany out of its isolation and building strong diplomatic relations with the other European countries, then starting to resolve the problems with France. Streseman preferred peace and resolving political disagreements by reasoning and dialogue between all the countries due to his sincerity in serving his country and reaching the level of developed European countries. This is what he achieved when he ran the foreign ministry.

الواقع الصحي والتعليمي في لواء ديالى للمدة 1958 - 1921

اسم المؤلف: نور فاضل حمزة
اسم المشرف: قحطان حميد كاظم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:

سعيد باشا واثره الاداري والسياسي في مصر (1863 - 1822) Saeed Basha : His Political and Administrative Influence in Egypt

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى نوري وهيب
اسم المشرف: وسام علي ثابت
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:

عبدالهادي الظاهر واثره السياسي والاقتصادي في العراق حتى عام 1978 The Political and Economic Impact of Abdulhadi Al - Dhaher in Iraq up to 1978

اسم المؤلف: فؤاد هادي مهدي العلكاوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الجليل مزعل بنيان الساعدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Historical studies is too much concerned with studying the effective characters that played a major role in the events. This study entitled " Abd Al - Hadi Al - Dhahir and his Political and Economical Effect in Iraq till 1978", is concerned with studying deeply the role ofthis famous character in the contemporary history of Iraq.This study is divided into an introduction, three chapters and conclusions. It's importance rises from this character that witnessed the events of the new Iraqi government in 1921 - 1978, the year of his death, in all its political and economical situations.Chapter two , entitled " His administrative and Political Role" , is about Abd Al - Hadi's administrative role in his job. Besides his political role in the events at his time. This study has benefited a lot from this character's CV in Iraqi Law Association, the Arabic and translated books and theses that dealt with the famous characters lived in his era. Chapter three is entitled " His Attitude towards the Political, Economical and Social Issues". The recorded meetings of the Iraqi parliament provided the researcher with immense information about this character's role in the political, economical and social issues. Besides, the researches and studies that dealt with the political events as part of the events at his time were helpful.The role of Abd Al - Hadi Al - Dhahir in the politics and economics in Iraq was great, in spite of not being accounted as one of the first class politicians in Iraq, but still his works and accomplishments were obvious in the contemporary history of Iraq . This was shown by his role in the administrative field, his good reputation in society, his political role by being elected three times and being in three important political parties in Iraq and his economical role as a minister of economics in 1946.Abd Al - Hadi Al - Dhahir died in 28 of December 1978 leaving a tremendous heritage for the contemporary history of Iraq

عبد الحميد كاظم حميد واثره الثقافي والسياسي في العراق 1912 - 1958 م Abdul Hameed Kadhim Hameed And His Cultural And Political Influence In Iraq 1912 - 1958

اسم المؤلف: عدنان ياسين حسين الخزرجي
اسم المشرف: صادق حسن السوداني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: During the monarchic rule in Iraq , attention was focused , by the researchers, on Iraqi figures who played great role in the cultural and political situation . But , sufficient information were lacking concerning those figures . That was why they were not tackled as a subject for a thesis or a dissertation. For an instance ,Abdul Hameed Kadhim , the subject of this thesis, had his own role on education extension and improvement Ministry of Education or so - called Al Ma'arif witnessed at the time.However , the thesis falls into an introduction , three chapters and a conclusion . The first chapter deals with the early life of Abdul Hameed Kadhim from May 15 , 1912 to April 17, 1950. The second chapter tackles the period from April 17, 1950 - June 22, 1957.While the third chapter traces the afterward period of June 22,1957 to July 14, 1958.The conclusions are summed up as follows : 1.Abdul Hameed's great ambition , continuous work aiming at discarding ignorance and improving Iraqi cultural affairs with countries all over the world made him a magnificent figure ever recalled by future generations.2. Abdul Hameed has preserved a good relation with UNESCO . UNESCO showed confidence in Abdul Hameed's considerable culture and as a result his experiences were made use of ,by the organization, after the collapse of the monarchic rule.3.Abdul Hameed had his own cultural affairs altogether with some cultural treaties with foreign countries. Those affairs and treatises were of use to have an idea about foreign cultures on the one hand and cultural prosperity in Iraq on the other hand

محمد البشير الابراهيمي واثره الاصلاحي والسياسي في الجزائر 1889 - 1965 Mohammed Basheer Al - Ebrahimi and His Reforming and Political Impact in Algeria 1889 - 1965

اسم المؤلف: سولاف عبد الرحمن ناجي
اسم المشرف: هزبر حسن شالوخ
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In tracing the personality of Mohammed Basheer Al - Ebrahimi and his reforming and political impact in Algeria (1889 - 1965), it is concluded that : His birth was during the circumstances accompanying the French colonization of Algeria which adopted killing and usurping Algerian lands as an effective weapon to restrict and lessen revolutions against it. Through his first years on, he has known the processes and policy of colonialism followed to Franchise Algeria and changing its identity. He felt that painful reality till he adapted himself to be as good as those challenges.Al - Ebrahimi has followed the same route adopted by other reformers which is in travelling and learning in the Arabian Orient for the sake of knowledge and getting rid of the French occupation. Thus, he went through the most important scientific centers like Egypt, al - Madinah al - Monawarah and Damascus. He, therefore, had lots of students who were fascinated by his spectacular personality and wide knowledge.The study delineated his status in carrying the message of humanity via his influence by Islamic modernists and thinkers as Jamal Eddin Al - Afghani and Mohammed Abda among others. His appearance was in concordance with the emergence of great scholars as his generation was the generation of paramount scholars for their clear approach was reformation, revival, rejecting colonialization and not standing in its side. This is proved in the incident when France wanted from certain parties to stand by its side in WWII, at that time, Al - Ebrahimi stood firmly against that notion, a fact that led to his imprisonment twice.His efforts with his companions were fruitful as exemplified in their establishing Algerian Muslim Scholars Assembly in 1931 along with Bin Badis and he was appointed a deputy of the Assembly. In this role he was characterized by doing great missions in the Assembly seen in his travels among Algerian villages and cities in spite of French spies and Algerian traitors who were spying on his activities and those of his companions. Nevertheless, he was able to accomplish many educational and cultural enterprises set to develop Algerian youths' abilities to fetch a way for independence through his lessons and lectures in the disciplinary clubs.Al - Ebrahimi has walked in the reforming approach that characterized him and other reformers which is based on educating Algerians and revolting against the reality that was effected by colonialization and Methodism and things he was suffering from due to the French invasion and the Methodism that was moving hand in hand with colonialism. Thus, he emphasized the Algerian Islamic identity and Arabic language being the language of the Glorious Quran and Prophet's (peace be upon him) tradition so as to lead the society back to its Arabian origins and cleansing it of those policies and what has resulted from them on all levels and among all Algerian people.Moreover, he made use of Albasaer and other newspapers as a platform to spread the word of truth he sought to defend since he was in Algeria and continued to defend out of Algeria in Eastern Arab countries which became a cornerstone of defending the Algerian cause. He, and his companions in Algerian Muslim Scholars Assembly, became the basis of Algerian renaissance as well as the front that is aiming at exposing the colonialist policy and standing against occupation. Therefore, the occupation authorities stood against the activities of the Assembly andending its reforming role, yet the Assembly and its men continued their activities via sticking to the principles and methods it was built upon.Furthermore, his nationalist notions that were characterized by the call to reformation were not regional focusing only on Algeria, his vision was based on serving all Arabic and Islamic causes he defended using his pen and tongue whether in his stay on Algeria or in the Arabian Orient, clarifying thus the Arabic flavor of North Africa. Therefore, his thoughts were nationalistic and comprehensive in order to achieve the dreams of Arab countries consuming his pen and thought in an attempt to bring back the glories of the Arab Islamic Civilization.His efforts extended to establish various associations (Lovers of and Rhetoric and Freedom, the High Committee Defending and Respecting Freedom, the High Committee for Helping Palestine, and others). These associations aimed at freeing Algeria and the Arab countries from colonial dominance. Through them, the Algerian and Arab youths became active for the sake of the Algerian cause.What has characterized his political work is that he was patient, i.e., believing in the part to reach the whole. Thus his demands were bringing back the ingredients of the fighting Algerian personality, enforcing the national identity and dedication for the sake of independence.The fruit of his efforts were apparent in opening wide horizons in the Arab Orient for academic scholarships sponsored by the Scholars Assembly to Arab and Islamic countries to be supervised by him and to travel from country to another to safeguard admissions in these countries and returning back home to improve and develop the scientific environment. This is due to his belief that renaissance lies within those people and what knowledge and sciences they would get is to serve thescientific and cultural movement with quick steps for the need of the Algerians.His travels inside and outside of Algeria made of him a reforming figure who is known among Algerians through his lectures and lessons to Algerians in villages and cities. This experiment afforded him the responsibility to lead Algeria towards the freedom revolution. Abroad, he became famous by means of meeting various scholars, thinkers and many political figures, a fact that labelled him well - known to a great extent.He spent all his life in strife and put his varied talents to serve his country, religion and nation. To this objective, he sacrificed man's dearest things of money, family, welfare and positions and endured a life full of tiredness, sickness, wakefulness and alienation.He was a faithful ambassador for his country for he spread the Algerian cause all over the world locations he visited in order to support it thanks to his pen and tongue. He also roamed Arab Orient countries for the sake of achieving a support for the Algerian cause identifying thus the struggle of Algerians against France which wanted to erase its personality and isolate it from its Arabian and Islamic environment.He was among the pioneer fighters who labored hard to support the Algerian revolution and seeing its fruit. He welcomed the revolution in its second day of emergence while in Egypt calling for the unity of Algerians and investing this revolution for the objective of achieving a more sublime goal, which is, freeing all Algerian lands from French occupation, exerting to this aim all efforts to make Algeria free as other Arab countries that got rid of colonial occupation to see Algeria as a whole fully independent and to dismiss the occupation and its supporters out of Algerian lands.

السيرة النبوية من خلال تفسيري ابن ابي حاتم الرازي والبغوي : دراسة موازنة

اسم المؤلف: سارة محمود محمد الاوسي
اسم المشرف: احمد مطر خضير العبيدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:

مصادر المياه في شبه الجزيرة العربية قبل الاسلام : دراسة تاريخية جغرافية

اسم المؤلف: رؤى وسام ماجد علوان
اسم المشرف: شاكر محمود اسماعيل العبيدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:

الصناعات الخشبية في العراق القديم حتى سنة612 ق.م : دراسة تاريخية The wooden Industries In Ancient Iraq Till 612 B.C Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: احمد سلطان محمد الحياني
اسم المشرف: سهيلة مجيد احمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Wooden Industries From Important Industries Which contributed in Essential Way development of civilization, The woods are considered as one of the most common raw materials that human has used in nature this is due to the various qualities which are rarely available in some other raw materials and with civilizational advance represented in establishing of many cities and emerging of many Important Industries and the increase in figures of population there had been a greater need for woods. wooden Industries started to development and woods were used in different joints of life The subject of wood industry was chosen in order to get to know their economic activity through its distinguished position and to discover the role it played in the development of civilization thus. The present thesis is divided into two parts. Part one contained four chapters, the first chapter deals with the kinds of timber and its linguistic meaning through the identification of the timber as it was stated in the cuneiform texts of Sumerians and Akkadians ,as well as the names of the different kinds of wood in Akkadian and the use of each kind of timber. Moreover, the cuneiform texts provided us with the different uses of wood. The second chapter deals with the sources of timber, including what was found inside Iraq as a source of local timber and then the mention of the sources of timber from other countries such as the Gulf, the Levant, Anatolia and Iran. The cuneiform sources provided us with the information of bringing the timber from these areas. The Levant occupied the first place as the most famous region in the production of timber and timber trees, especially the cedar. The kings of Mesopotamia considered bringing the wood as an extraordinary achievement. The third chapter deals with the carpenter who is mentioned in cuneiform sources, and then talking about the carpenter tools and different uses and their contributions significantly to the development of industries, including wood and furniture, some wood, machinery and tools. More light is thrown on the craft of carpenter, and how the craftmanship is given with full training for his children to the craft. The carpenter adopted a child to train him to this craft. The fourth chapter deals Illustrates the use of wood in construction, where the wood was an important material for the construction and it was complementary to other materials .In fact, their date goes back to the architecture of Mesopotamia in the prehistoric times when the trunks of trees were used. The palm trees were used in roofing the building blocks, wood was also used as columns assigned roofs and balconies, as well as the use of timber in the work of the doors and gates. The second part is divided into six chapters. The first one mentions that most of the furniture were made of wood and a few cases of ivory, wood, metal and the fact that perishable material, the archaeological excavations did not succeed in finding examples of them except in decorating furniture, metals, ivory, cloth. The second chapter deals with the manufacture of agricultural tools and irrigation, including the ax and shovel and sickle. Other tools for irrigation and machinery are made of wood and they have contributed significantly to the irrigating farmland. The third chapter desribes the arms industry as a result of the real need for them by men. With regard to the need of the people to arms it is important to state that man in that time was in continuous struggle against wild animals. There were internal conflicts which needed the arms.What is more, the timber is widely used in the manufacture of weapons, including light spears and bows and arrows and others. As well as the use of wood in the manufacture of heavy weapons and rams as well as military tanks used in that time in Mesopotamia, in modern Assyrian modern weapons makers have excelled in the manufacture of these heavy weapons. Because it required precise technical skill in dealing with the wood because the arms industry in particular, including heavy industries was not easy, this required big amounts of timber. Moreover, the use of land transport in the movement and transport of goods and so it played a significant role in the industry to reach a vehicle used by the residents of Mesopotamia. The fourth chapter expounds the transport industry and ground water, where the transport is a major factor in the development of civilization. As for the fifth chapter, it develops the manufacture of musical instruments, as far as music is a manifestation of civilization in Mesopotamia. Industry and musical instruments in Mesopotamia are a genuine civilization which has reached the level of sublime in terms of technical, professional perspective and Mesopotamia was always in the forefront of many achievements, including musical instruments manufacture. The sixth chapter deals with other Industries of wood, including wood work whiteboard despite the lack of use in the writing of cuneiform texts. The cuneiform texts mentions the use of wood for specific purposes, it mentions also the use of wood for the handcuffs for the prisoners. It depicted some scenes technical way of holding prisoners with timber of wood, as well as the subject focuses on the work of the coffins to bury the dead, formerly the palm trees were used for this purpose. As for the sources of the research they have been varied they are based on books and researches taken from the cuneiform references which dealt with f technical, economic and moral aspects

جبل عامل في لبنان : دراسة تاريخية 1918 - 1943 JABAL AMIL AREA In Lebanon Historical study 1918 - 1943

اسم المؤلف: لقاء سامي سعيد الكناني
اسم المشرف: ايلاف عاصم مصطفى
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: JABAL AMIL AREA" in Lebanon ( Historical study , 1918 - 1943" JabalAmil " has been considered one of the historical cities in the Arab world in respect to political , social and economic levels . Historically , this area is linked to the modern and contemporary history of Lebanon , especially the period lying between 1918 - 1943) as being described as an important historical area in the contemporary history of Lebanon; besides , this area has submitted sublime political and intellectual figures that depicted the historical reality for all the late ages . The year 1918 has been witnessed as the French 's occupation to Lebanon and the end of the second world war having a great effect upon changing the historical conditions in JabalAmil area . The period has been ended in 1943 that being witnessed the independence of Lebanon. The thesis is divided into an introduction, and four chapters an conclusion; the chapter one includes the general conditions of the over mentioned area until the year 1918 and it has been considered as a preface for the study. The chapter two includes the political conditions in JabalAmil area during the period lying between 1918 - 1926, while the chapter third includes the role of those specializing into the political conditions during the period between 1926 - 1936. The chapter four the political developments in this area between 1936 - 1943 , along with the attitude of the political figures therein. In conclusion, the thesis has reached to historical conclusion , most importantly that the JabalAmil area is represented as a civilized area in respect to the cultural and intellectual domain and not in the stage of the study only , but rather in all historical stages . It has concluded that the concerned person refused the French occupation that was relaying on dividing Arab world since they was believing into the Arabic Unity , especially Levant. In addition, the concerned persons resisted French occupation with all means including the military and political one for their believe into the unity of Home and its independence.Most importantly of what has been mentioned above , that the concerned persons have submitted a political example having connection with the national attitudes and with national figures that imposed its status in the historical reality in JabalAmil area , most prominent figure was " Abdul Hussein Sharaf Al - Din Al - Amili and others . Besides, that any researcher writes about the history of Lebanon , he should not neglect to write about the history of JabalAmil area intellectually and politically for being described as Lebanon 's vital area and its national domain that will be remained prominent across ages.

علال الفاسي ودوره السياسي والفكري في المغرب 1956 - 1974 Allal Al - Fassi Political and in tellectual cycle in Morocco 1956 - 1974

اسم المؤلف: وداد زايد شرهان الكعبي
اسم المشرف: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Accounted For The study of Political Figures in The history of contemporary Arab in Terest, and This Pattern of Historical research and Scruting because of Its importance in writing and documenting Various phases which played an active and influential role in charting The course of national events And nationalism in Their countries, Thus came The moratorium subject (intellectual cycle in Morocco 1956 - 1974). The study is of an introduction, Four cheptere and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with Allal al fassi҆s role till 1956. Chapler two discusses Allal al fassi҆s political role during The independence era till 1961. Chapter three sheds Light on Allal al fassi҆s role in term of the morocco an political af fairs, the constitutional conncil and 1962. Constition, in addition to the his opimons towords dall The morocco political and constitutional derelopment in The period of (1965 - 1971), chapler four talks obout Allal al fassi and the Moroccan҆s democratic constitutional experience during The years of (1972 - 1974). It bccomes well - known Allal al fassi҆s effective role he played in the Moroccan struggle for cultural and economic independence from The French colonial rule, and estubliohing Arabic as The of ficial language of education. He is also known fobeing a patriotic, poet, writer and of the most impontant politicians who fought against all the constitutions that do not serve the moroccan҆s intercsts. His role expended to in clude supporting Iraq and standing against the Arab federation of Iraq and Jordan despite being a member of Baghdad poct. He stood by The sides of The Iraq national forces against Baghdad pact He, also, supported The Palestinians issue against the Zionist entity and against establishing. The state of Israel, and continued his struggle with all the powerd wisdom and talent he got and was not hesitant to defend his conntry for the salse of Islam till his dea thin the year of 1974

شركة نفط الموصل المحدودة 1928 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية Mosul Petroleum Company L.T.D 1928 - 1958 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: عيدان شبيب سليم الحمداني
اسم المشرف: لمى عبد العزيز مصطفى
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: على الرغم من الصراعات المريرة التي دخلتها شركة نفط الموصل في سبيل الحصول على امتياز نفطي في اراضي الموصل والى المساومات التي قدمتها للحكومة العراقية ،الا انها لم تعط تلك الاراضي ما تستحق من اهمية بما تحويه من مخزون نفطي منذ منح الامتياز عام 1932 وحتى نهاية العهد الملكي عام 1958 ...لقد خرجت الدراسة بنتائج مهمة واساسية يمكن اجمالها في النقاط الاتية : - 1.ان اراضي نفط الموصل وقعت ضحية صراع طويل بين الدول الاستعمارية،وعلى الرغم من تنبه السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني باهمية هذه الاراضي وما تحويه من نفط باصداره عدة فرمانات للحفاظ عليها الا انها لم تقف حائلا امام اطماع تلك الدول،بعدما اطاحت به ثورة الاتحاديين عام 1908، فبدا فصل جديد من تلك الصراعات انتهى بتشكيل شركة النفط التركية وحصولها على امتياز نفطي في الاراضي الواقعة شرق نهر دجلة ضمن ولاية الموصل وبغداد عام 1925.2.على الرغم من كثرة المصادر والبحوث التي تناولت مايعرف بـ(مشكلة الموصل) (1923 - 1926) بين العراق وتركيا حول عائديتها،لكن ثمة حقيقة كانت تقف وراء هذه المشكلة وهي المساومات والتنازلات بين بريطانيواالولايات المتحدة في الخفاء على(نفط الموصل) في سبيل تقديم الدعم لهذا الطرف او ذاك مقابل منحها امتياز نفط الموصل،وهذا ماحدث عندما دعمت بريطانيا موقف العراق في ضم اراضي ولاية الموصل اليه مقابل منحها امتيازا نفطيا على تلك الاراضي،وحتى تركيا التي اقامت الدنيوالم تقعدها على ولاية الموصل وتقدم البراهين والادلة على ذلك،نجدها تتنازل عنها مقابل 10% من نفطها.3.لم تقف اطماع بريطانية عند شركة نفط العراق( )(I.P.Cشركة النفط التركية سابقا) فحسب بل تعدت الى الاراضي الواقعة غرب نهر دجلة (اراضي الموصل) وشكلت لاجل ذلك شركة بريطانية خالصة (شركة استثمار النفط البريطانية المحدودة ((B.O.D)) (عام 1928 لكن في الوقت نفسه ادخلت بعض من المساهمين الالمان والايطاليين والفرنسيين لكي تغطي على اهدافها الحقيقية، وما ان منحت الامتياز من الحكومة العراقية حتى استطاعت من ضم هذه الشركة الى شركة نفط العراق وغيرت اسمها الى شركة نفط الموصل المحدودة (M.P.C ) واصبحت شركة ثانوية تابعة لها.4.على الرغم من ان شروط شركة نفط الموصل افضل من شروط شركة نفط العراق بالنسبة للحكومة العراقية لاسيما حصتها البالغة 20% مع الايجار السنوي الا ان الحكومة اهملت هذه النقطة بالذات ولم تقف بوجه المماطلات الكثيرة من شركة نفط الموصل والتي تهربت من تنفيذ التزاماتهواقدمت عدة تاجيلات في عام( 1939 و1943) لان كل مزااد انتاج شركة الموصل المحدودة زادت معه حصة الحكومة البالغة(20%)،ولهذواجهت المصالح النفطية اهتمامها بشركة نفط العراق(نفط كركوك) لانها لاتدفع للحكومة سوى الايجار السنوي فقط .5.ان المشكلة الرئيسة في نفط الموصل هي نسبة الكبريت العالية المرافقة معه مما جعله ثقيل نسبيا وقلة جودته مقارنة بنفط كركوك والبصرة هذه المشكلة جعلت الشركة تتحجج فيهواتطالب بتاجيل الانتاج على الرغم من اكتشاف نفط حقل عين زالة منذ عام 1939 ونفط حقل بطمة عام 1952 الذي كان مشجعا الى حدا ما ،وبعد عقد اتفاقية مناصفة الارباح في العراق عام 1952 الزمت الحكومة العراقية شركة نفط الموصل بانتاج (مليون وربع المليون) طن من النفط سنويا، والا فان الحكومة سوف تقوم بالغاء الامتياز،عندهراضخت الشركة وانتجت هذه الكمية بعد عشرين عاما من المماطلة ولم تزد عليها اي شي منذ عام 1953وحتى عام 1958 وكان عملية الانتاج كانت مدروسة بعناية على عكس شركة نفط العراق التي قفز انتاجها بشكل مذهل وحققت ارقاما قياسية.وخلاصة القول ان شركة نفط الموصل ارادت ان تحتفظ باراضي الموصل لاطول مدة بوصفه احتياطيا خاصا للمصالح الاجنبية المساهمة فيها.6. حاولت شركة نفط الموصل تقديم افضل الخدمات للعمال العراقيين لاسيما بعد اضراب العمال عام 1948 لان احوالهم كانت مزرية جدا لكن بعد اتفاقية عام 1952 تحسنت خدمات الشركة من طعام ونقل واساليب الترفيه والخدمات المتنوعة وهذا مااكده جميع العمال في الشركة عن تلك الفتره بعدما قام الباحث بمقابلتهم.7.على الرغم من قلة واردات شركة نفط الموصل مقارنة بشركة نفط العراق والبصرة الا انها كانت تعد شركة واحدة وذات مردود واحد، ولهذا يلاحظ ان واردات الحكومة قد ازدات من النفط فتم تنمية هذه الموارد وتاسيس مجلس الاعمار الذي انعكس على عموم العراق والموصل بشكل خاص من بناء مصفى القيارة ومعامل للاسمنت والسكر والغزل والنسيج ...الخ،والتي لم يتم انهاء بعضها في العهد الملكي تم اكماله في العهد الجمهوري بعد قيام ثورة 14 تموز 1958. | Petroleum of Mosul province was axis of the international conflicts from the Al - Sultan second Abdulhammed (1876 - 1909) till get the privilege to The British Oil Development CO (B.O.D) in 1932 which has the common international interests, then this company fall under Iraq petroleum company control (I.P.C) (the Turkish previously), and move to secondary company dependant to it called Limited Mosul Petroleum Company (M.P.C), and this company couldn’t producing the petroleum but in 1952, and after that complete the petroleum pipe of Ain Zala - K2, but the producing ranges still low didn't access (1.250.000) tons annually along the period of 1953 - 1958.The thesis (the Limited Mosul Petroleum Company 1930 - 1958) consist of four chapters, the first one dealing with the historical roots of the company and the colonial states conflicts on it till agreement of the Red Line in 1928. and the second one dealing with the conditions and reasons which within complete getting the privilege of Mosul Petroleum to British Petroleum investment company without the competitive companies, and then showed this privilege on the Iraqi parliament which certified on it after long argumentation. The third one specify to dealing with the most important adjustments which entered to privilege Mosul Petroleum during the Second World War, especially contracts of 1939, 1943 which late investment of Mosul Petroleum.The fourth chapter is the conclusion of this thesis which dealing with the most important developments and the economical, political and social dimensions in the Mosul Petroleum Company which belong to the relationship between the labors and company and their numbers, and the service which presented to them, in addition to reflecting of the Mosul Petroleum Company's inputs with the other companies on establishing the building council and the huge economical and industrial change especially in Mosul city from built of Al - Qayara refinery and plants of Sugar, Cement ,and Spinning and Fabric which still to present days

النشاط التجاري القديم بين بلاد الرافدين وبلاد الشام من اقدم العصور الى نهاية العصر البابلي القديم Ancient commercial Activity between MESOPOTAMIA and Bilad Al - Sham from the OlDEST AGES to the end of the old Babylon Period

اسم المؤلف: مهند خميس عبد الله الدليمي
اسم المشرف: سهيلة مجيد احمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The trade was the second cornerstone on which the economic life was based after the agriculture. Although Mesopotamia was known by its water resources and fertile sands, it needed for some materials wanted in the industry, such as stones, woods, and various metals. People tried hard from early ages in order to get those materials from the neighboring and remote areas. Accordingly, trade links were created with those areas like the Arabian Gulf, Turkey and Iran, as well as Syria which had a related links with Mesopotamia since the prehistory ages as referred by the archeological excavations explored in various areas of Syria.This study concentrates on the trade links between Mesopotamia and Syria; it tackles such links from the prehistory ages and till the end of the ancient Babylon. The study of this aspect shows a profile for the nature of that activity and the natural resources of cities and kingdoms in both areas. In addition, it introduces the roads and paths passed by trade caravans and military troops together. This topic is one of the important subjects which evoked researchers to make studies. There have been many studies about this topic such as including the political aspects and cultural aspects, especially that the impact of Mesopotamian culture was very great on the neighboring areas’. According to this study, it has been tackled the commercial aspects. It presents all matters related to trade links between Mesopotamia and Syria in the abovementioned period which was known by an obvious commercial activity between both of the areas.This study is made up of four chapters through which it has been presented the commercial activity between the both areas. This activity was sometimes dynamic to be moved to another direction as in the Acadian Age, and the age of third race of Ur, where almost of the commercial activity was done with the East and the Arabian Gulf. The first chapter tackles : (the Impact of Geographical Background in the Date of Mesopotamia and Syria). It is known that the geographical aspect of any area has an impact in the human activity in general and in the economic activity in particular, especially that related to the commercial activity. This chapter concentrates on the impact of geography in this activity, and the importance of commercial site for both of Mesopotamia and Syria which was making up of a unique geographical unit. Accordingly, that unit facilitated the matter of making commercial activities. This chapter includes two sections. The first one discussed the commercial site of Mesopotamia and the importance of historical site, in addition to its effect on trade. Whereas the second one tackles the commercial site of Syria and its effect in holding trades. The second chapter, however, represents : (The Commercial Activity between Mesopotamia and Syria from the Prehistory Ages and till the End of the Age of Early Races). It has been divided into two sections. The first one tackles the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the prehistory age referred by ceramics and cylinder stamps that was spread by the trade, in addition to the existence of Sumerians in some areas of Syria which was regarded by researchers as trade stations. Especially, it had been a similarity in building designs and cities planning to the designs and planning in South Mesopotamia. The second section tackles the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the age of early races. At that period of time, the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Ebla was the most prominent. The effect of Mesopotamia on it was very great, especially in aspects accompanied by trades, like culture. In addition, in this period of time Mari City had appeared as a commercial agent. Then, this section tackles the trade arrangement throughout the direct supervision of kings in dealing with roads and making it safe.The third chapter refers to : the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in both of the Acadian and the third race of Ur Ages. The period has been discussed in two sections. The first one tackles the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the Acadian Age. The commercial activity in that period concentrates on the eastern side and the Arabian Gulf, whereas there are only simple references on the commercial activity with Syria. That was represented by military companions leaded by Acadian Kings in order to warrant the trade safety, in addition to commercial substitutions which were greatly concentrated with Ebla. Kings were directly supervising on trades, and they were arranging them. The second section tackles the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the age of third race of Ur. Trade, at that period of time, was obviously concentrated with Ebla, and it was taken into kings’ account and supervision.The fourth chapter affirms on the commercial activity between Mesopotamia and Syria in the ancient Babylon and Assyrian ages. This period was recognized by a great commercial activity, especially with Syria to be named as the age of trade and merchants. This chapter is made up of three sections. The first one concentrates on the commercial activity among the Mesopotamian and the Syrian cities, i.e. the commercial activity of Babylon & Assyria and its relation to the Syrian cities like Emar, Qatana, and Aleppo. Besides, the second section tackles the commercial activity to the city of Mari which represents a connection point between the Mesopotamian and the Syrian cities. Goods were passed between these two areas. In the third section, it has been tackled trades arrangement. The principle axes discussed in this section are the trade roads, whether they are land or sea ones, and the used transporting means in these roads. In addition, it has been tackled the taxes and fees. All these procedures was arranged and planned under the kings’ supervision

الاجانب المقيمون في العراق ووضعهم القانوني ونشاطهم في العهد الملكي Foreigners Residing in Iraq and their legal status and their Activities in the Monarchy

اسم المؤلف: دلال منال نوري
اسم المشرف: خضير حسن سلمان
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Flocked to Iraq in different communities periods from severalCountries in order to residence where for one reason or another . and we have been active in those communities to work in various fields , and it became necessary to have recourse to the ruling authorities in Iraq to set up those organizing and directing their activities to serve the common good . So we chose the foreign residents subject and activity in Iraq in the monarchy first . its importance and the lack of precedent for academic studies , and secondly in order to highlight the laws and regulations that successive Iraqi government issued to achieve the rights and duties resident aliens and everything related to their field of different and activities . taking into consideration the principles of law international public and respect for the interests of Iraq . As well as the Iraqi government granted foreign residents of those rights in order to preserve the rights and interests of Iraqi nationals residing in foreign countries pursuant to the principleOf reciprocity . To handle foreign countries where Iraqis living the same treatment enjoyed by nationals .The foreigners residing in Iraq , as is the case in many countries, the rights they enjoy donated them to the Iraqi government under the laws issued by such legal personality right and the right to practice work and the right to own property and the right to establish schools and associations of foreign and freedom of worship and expression and other rights. But prevented them from the right to participate in political life and the right of military service was confined to that Iraqis only .cthe foreign influence evident in the economic side as preferred British and foreign companies foreign workers and employees on the Iraqis , raising unemployment among the Iraqi people and increased the number of foreign workers significantly , sparking resentment Iraqi workers and resentment and make them resort to labor strikes . vdila for the Iraqi government to issue countless Iraqis professions 1936 Act. In spite of the significant role played by the Council of reconstruction in the completion of many projects , but he made the implementation of those projects the monopoly of foreign companies .It is worth mentioning also that he had fled to Iraq . many foreign criminals to escape their sentences so the Iraqi government held treaties and agreements with several countries for extradition to protect the security of the state , Iraq has faced a lot of espionage crimes carried out by some foreign residents , particularly Iranians and Israelis so it was always going to the Iraqi government to issue denials and exclusion decisions against them security of the state and safety are the most important pillars of the state to maintain the strength and unity of foreigners in religious , economic , social and cultural aspects . The Iraqi government is seeking in return for reducing by issuing laws pertaining to foreigners during the monarchy in order to regulate the status of foreigners in all fields .

ولاية العهد في العصر الاشوري الحديث (911 - 612 ق . م) The Succession to the Crown in the Neo Assyrian Period (911 - 612 B.C.)

اسم المؤلف: سالم احمد يونس ابليه الجحيشي
اسم المشرف: ازهار هاشم شيت
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان موضوع دراستنواهو ولاية العهد في العصر الاشوري الحديث (911 - 612 ق م ) على درجة كبيرة من الاهمية وذلك لانه يحدد شخص ملك المستقبل والذي يمثل الامبراطورية الاشورية وبالتالي مستقبل البلاد كله وكذلك يمثل هذا الموضوع احد الاوجه الحضارية لبلاد الرافدين عموما وبلاد اشور خصوصا حيث يكشف لنا عن النضج السياسي الذي وصل اليه الملوك الاشوريين . ان ولي العهد وهو احد ابناء الملك يتم اختياره من قبل الملك الاب نفسه وعلى الاغلب يكون الولد البكر ولكي يغطي الشرعية على اختيار ولي العهد ولكي لا يواجه اي معارضة لولي العهد يشير الى ان هذا الاختيار بايماء من الالهة ونستطيع ان نقول هذا على المستوى الديني اما على المستوى السياسي الداخلي والخارجي فان الملك الاب يعقد معاهدة تبيعة مع حكام وشعب الاقاليم التابعة للامبراطورية الاشورية ومع كل مسؤولي الامبراطورية الاشورية من عسكريين وسياسيين واداريين وبقية افراد العائلة المالكة وحتى مع عامة الشعب الاشوري وتكون هذه المعاهدة بحضور الالهة لكي هي التي تنزل اللعنات على من ينقض المعاهدة حيث يتدخل عدة اشخاص في اختيار ولي العهد لاسيمزاوجة الملك او ام ولي العهد وغيره من مسؤولي الامبراطورية الاشورية واصحاب المناصب العليا . ثم بعد اختيار ولي العهد يلتحق بقصر خاص به ( بيت _ ريدوتي ) او ( قصر التعاقب ) حيث يكون بمثابة مدرسة لاعداد ولي العهد للحكم ويتضمن التعليم من القراءة والكتابة وبعض العلوم كالحساب ( رياضيات ) وغيرهواالتدريبات العسكرية من ركوب الخيل وقيادة العربات والقتال بالسيف والسهام وحتى صناعة التروس والصيد وغيرهواتوكل اليه بعض الوظائف العليا في الامبراطورية فقد ينوب عن ابيه الملك في حكم البلاد عند غياب ابيه الملك او يقود الجيش او يتراس جهاز المخابرات وغيرهواقد تطول او تقصر مدة ولاية العهد حسب حياة الملك الاب وربما يموت او يقتل الملك ومازال ولي العهد صغير السن حيث يموت الملك شمشي _ ادد الخامس ( 883 _ 811 ق . م ) بظروف غامضة وكان مايزال ابنه ولي العهد ادد _ نيراري الثالث صغير السن فتولت امه الملكة شمور _ رامات ( سميراميس ) الحكم حتى كبر ابنهواتولى الحكم وقد واجه ولي العهد العديد من المشاكل منها منافسة اخوته له لاسيما اذا كان اصغرهم مثل ما حدث مع ولي العهد اسرحدون ولولي العهد العديد من المواطنين التابعين له ومن الخدم ايضا وتقام الاحتفالات الكبيرة عند اختياره ولي العهد وعند تتويج ولي العهد ملك على البلاد . اما خطة البحث فقد تناولته في خمسة فصول تضمن الفصل الاول المبحث الاول تناولت فيه تعريف ولاية العهد لغة واصطلاحا ، والمبحث الثاني الجذور التاريخية لفكرة ولاية العهد حيث تطور الفكر السياسي منذ بدايته الاولى وشكله الديمقراطية البدائية وتطوره حتى وصوله الى نظام الحكم الوراثي حيث تظهر ولاية العهد وبهذا نكون قد بينا جذور الفكرة ، المبحث الثالث ، الاسس والمبادئ المعتمدة لاختيار ولي العهد وتضمن اولا مبداء لاختيار الالهي ، وثانيا تاثير المقربين الى الملك وهم ( الحريم الملكي وكبار موظفي المملكة والكهنة والعرافين وحتى الطواشي . اما الفصل الثاني فقد تناولت فيه تنشاة واعداد ولي العهد وقد تضمن المبحث الاول التحاق ولي العهد بقصر خاص به ويعرف بـ(بيت _ ريدوتي bit _ riduti ) وقد تناولت الموضوع من خلال النصوص التي تذكر هذا القصر وبنائه وتجديده ومخططه ، والملوك الذين ذكروه وقاموا بتجديده ، اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناولت فيه اعداد وتدريب ولي العهد ويشتمل ثلاث محاور وهي ( ا _ التعليم ، ب _ التدريبات العسكرية والصيد والفروسية ، ج _ ملابس وازياء ولي العهد ) ، اما الفاصل الثالث وهو الصعوبات التي تواجه ولي العهد ، ففي المبحث الاول ولي العهد تحت الوصاية ، اما المبحث الثاني المنافسة على ولاية العهد ومن ضمنه النزاع الذي وقع بين اشوربانيبال واخوه شمش _ شوم _ اوكن ، وفي الفصل الرابع المهام التي توكل لولي العهد فقد تناولت في المبحث الاول تولي ولي العهد الادارة والحكم ، وفي المبحث الثاني موظفي ولي العهد ، وفي المبحث الثالث مراسلات ولي العهد ، والفصل الخامس وهو ولي العهد في طريقه الى العرش ، المبحث الاول مراسيم دفن الملك الاب ، والمبحث الثاني مراسيم تتويج ولي العهد . | The subject of our study is the mandate of the Crown Prince in the Neo Assyrian Period (911 - 612 BC) a subject which is of supreme importance. Because this determines the personality of the coming king who represents the Assyrian Empire and therefore the future of the country as a whole. In fact, this topic reflects a cultural aspect in Mesopotamian culture in general and the Assyrian one in particular. It reveals the political maturity reached by the Assyrian kings. The Crown Prince is one of the king's sons chosen by the king himself as far as he is his father. It is most likely the child would be the eldest one and the choice is usually legitimate. In order to not face any opposition about the choice of the Crown Prince he points out that this choice is the will of gods .This is of course from the religious level. From the interior and exterior political level, the King the father concluded a treaty with the rulers and the people of the territories of the Assyrian Empire and with all the officials of the Assyrian Empire from the military, politicians and administrators and the rest of the royal family and even with the Assyrian people.This treaty would be concluded with the presence of gods and the curses will be inflicted upon those who violated the treaty.In the process of chosing the Crown Prince many persons participated in it namely the King's wife or his mother and high rank personalities. After the choice of the Crown Prince, he attended his own (house _ Ridoti) or (Palace of succession), which is a preparatory school for the Crown Prince where he began to learn reading, writing, and some sciences like (mathematics), and other military exercises of riding horses and driving wagons and fight with the sword, arrows and even industry, fishing gears and others. Then he was entrusted with some of the senior positions in the Empire. He might act on behalf of his father the King to rule the country in the absence of his father the King or lead the army or intelligence service. He excercised this function during short or long period and this depended on the lifetime of his father. Or probably the king died when the Crown Prince was still minor. A good example is the mysterious death of Shamshi Adad V (883 _ 811 BC) when he died his son the Crown Prince Adad _ nirari third young teenager his mother Queen Hmor _ Ramat (Semiramis) ruled until her son grew up and came to power. In fact he faced many problems, including competitive brothers to him, especially if the youngest one like what happened with Esarhaddon and the Crown Prince of many of their citizens to him. An important festival is held in choosing the Crown Prince and at the coronation of the king of the country. The present study is divided into five chapters.The first section of the first chapter deals with the definition of the mandate of the Crown Prince linguistically and idiomatically. And the second section is about the historical roots of the idea of the mandate of the Crown Prince, where the evolution of political thought since its inception and the first primitive form of democracy and its development until his arrival at the succession system of government where they appear mandate of the Crown Prince.Therefore, we have explained the historical origins of the idea of the Crown Prince .The third section studies and principles adopted for the selection of the Crown Prince and first one emphasises the divine principle. Secondly, the influence excercised by the close friends of the king, and they are (the royal harem and senior officials of the kingdom and priests and fortune - tellers and even Tawashi. The second chapter explains the upbringing of the Crown Prince and his preparation training to exercise his function. . The first section included the Crown Prince Palace admission to what is known as the (House of Ridoti _ bit _ riduti).This subject has been tackled through the references and the texts which mention the palace and its construction and renovation and the kings who have planned and renovated them. The second section deals with the preparation and training of the Crown Prince and includes three axes, namely, (a _ - learning, b _ military exercises, hunting and equestrian. As for the third chapter, it expounds the difficulties faced by the Crown Prince, in the first section the Crown Prince is under guardianship, while the second section of competition on the mandate a good example was the conflict between Ashurbanipal and his brother Shamash - shum - ukin. In chapter IV we discussed the tasks entrusted to the Crown Prince. The first section is about the administration and the second one the officials of the Crown Prince. Whereas the third section treats the correspondence of the Crown Prince. Finally, chapter five illustrates the arrival of the Crown Prince to power.This chapter contains two sections the first one is about the funerals of his father the king and the second one id about the coronation ceremony of the Crown Prince

سوريو القضية الفلسطينية 1961 - 1970 Syria and The Palestinian Issue 1961 - 1970

اسم المؤلف: عبد الله زيدان خلف الرسلان
اسم المشرف: محمد علي داهش
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Palestinian issue is considered one of the issue which is still existed and the British occupation to Palestine and then the rise of the Zionist entity had left its effect upon Arab countries which contributed since the beginning through people and government during the 20th century supporting the issue of Palestine liberation. This issue had taken a great interest by both people and governments of Syria as being one of the main Arab issues and an indispensable part in the political, military and intellectual aspects.Syria had supported this issue by national, Arab and international aspects and contributed in embracing the Palestinian refugees treating them like Syrians.This study comes to illustrate the official and popular attitude of Syria towards the Palestinian issue 1961 1970. It contains the development of the issue after the world was I till the emergence of the Zionist entity and the development of political positions in Syria during the era of military coups 1949 1954, the Syria attitude from alliances and plots fulfilled against Syria concerning the tripartite Aggression against Egypt in 1956 till the rise of Egypt Syria unity and the rise of united Arab republic (1958 1961). Then the study talks about events taken place in Syria after the separation and the return of military coups till the domain of Arab Bath Party holding the reign in 1963. This party regarded the Palestinian issue a central one, and then there is the recognition of Palestine liberation organization (PLO) as a representative body for the Palestinian people and its military flank. Liberation army as well as the movement of Palestinian national liberation (Fath) and its military flank (Al - Asifa).Syria had considered the armed struggle the only way to achieve liberation of Palestine and the popular war was the means for that. The war of June 1967 and the Arab setback in general and for Syria in particular losing AI Julan Heights, these events did not change the Syria attitude towards the Palestinian issue. But this had limited the Palestinian Fedaeen's activitie and Syria rejected attending conferences for these conferences did not call frankly that the armed struggle is the best way to liberate the occupied lands. Also, Syria rejected the Resolution No. 242 issued by the security council and regarded it as a new plot to end the Palestinian issue.Also, Syria stood in the side of the Palestinian resistance and against the Jordanian authorities in September 1970 and provided help and arms and this created a political crisis between Jordan and Syria.Syria supported the Palestinians in the exceptional summit conference held in Cairo to end the fight in Jordan. As for the political powers, organizations, unions and popular messes, this attitude pressed on the successive governments in Syria to adopt the armed struggle and to enhance the Fedaeens through providing all material and military means and opening the boarders for the Fedaeens.This study concluded that the Syrian attitude' in embracing the Palestinian refugees, treating them like Syria in addition to providing all forms of support for the Palestinian organizations in all national Arab and international levels considered the Palestinian issue the first Arab issue and supported the Fedaeens in their fight

غنائم الحرب في العصر الاشوري الحديث Spoils of War In The Neo - Assyrian Period

اسم المؤلف: ابراهيم محمود خلف رمضان البدراني
اسم المشرف: عامر سليمان ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: New Assyrian cuneiform text, especially royal annals, and war scenes carved on reliefs steles, statues and other royal monuments emphasize the importance of war spoils that were taken from the cities and countries which the Assyrian army conquered. This fact makes it clear that one of main aims of Assyrian military campaigns was economic, that is to bring to Assyria spoils of value such as gold, silver, tin and other valuables in addition to prisoners of war, weapons of different kinds, animals such as horses, mules, sheep, and other animals. In spite of the importance of spoils of war to understand the political and economic policy of the late Assyrian kings, little has been written in Arabic on this particular subject. This has led us to write on spoils of war in the New Assyrian Period. It in obvious that most of our references was in foreign languages or written in cuneiform script which made our work difficult as our knowledge in English is very limited. Be that as it may, we tried our best to give a detailed study on spoils of war based mainly on cuneiform text that were translated into English by various scholars. The study was divided into four main sections in addition to the introduction and preface The first section dealt with vocabulary used in cuneiform texts to denote to the various kinds of spoils and to they way spoils were taken. The second section mention the different kinds of spoils taken such as human beings who were regarded prisoners of war, weapons and chariots, different kind of animals, cloths, minerals, precious, stones, ivory, food stuffs, wood and agricultural products. The third section tackles the economic importance of spoils to the Assyrian government and society. It contains several chapters each of which was dedicated to certain importance. The fourth and last section war concerned mainly with the informative aim of text concerned and scenes carved on monuments and the propaganda it serves for the Assyrian king and army. It consists of three main chapters. Finally the study was annexed with conclusion in addition to many maps and photographs that clarify what has been dealt with in the four sections of the thesis

النزاعات الداخلية في الاندلس في عصر الخلافة (316 - 422هـ/ 928 - 1031م) The internal Conflicts In Andalusia During Al Kalafa Era ( 316 - 422 H / 928 - 1030 A )

اسم المؤلف: ماهر ختال شريمط العبيدي
اسم المشرف: عثمان عبد العزيز صالح المحمدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The era of Al Kalafa started in ( 316 H - 926 A ) when the prince Abed Al Rahman announced Al Omoiya regime taking the opportunity of Al abbasian weakness , above all he defeated all the conflicts in the country . So a new era had been begun in Andalusia . It is regarded as a step for all victories and political stability .Although it happened there some interior disagreements among people and groups to control as much as area they can .This led the foreign powers to think about the Islamic territories by exploiting the idea of backing all the rivals to weaken the Islam regions . We concentrate our efforts upon the period that is considered the most dreadful time . In addition to this my desire in studying the history of Andalusia when I was in Bachelor stage and to get knowledge of the features of these conflicts and its reasons .This study ( the internal conflicts in Andalusia during Al kalafa era (316 - 422 H) .The importance of this study lies on its connection with the attempt of the student Nahdim Ibrahim in his subject (the internal fight in Andalusia )and its harmony with the study of the student Shaker Yassin Al delemy who completed my study through his research which includes the interior struggle in Andalusia in various sectarian groups . It is necessary to study that period and have information especially the political disorder which was so important in both internal and external events of Andalusia . I suggest the year( 216 H - 926 A) as a date for my study . The year 422 H was an end of my study , as it is known the end of Omawi era in Andalusia which lasted 280 years . I divided the study into an introduction and four chapters with the end . These pages contained margins and sources of my research . Keeping in mind that every chapter divided into many section . In the first chapter I considered the features of Andalusia society which appeared into six sections , every section has the sectarian of Andalusia society and its location which has a big role in the political conflicts the country witnessed from the date of Andalusia liberation 92 H till the withdrawal of Muslims in 897 H . The second chapter adapted the inner fight during Al kalafa era in 316 H . It is divided into six field started from the internal disagreement during the time of Al kalefa Abed Al Rahman al Nasir 300 - 350 H and his son Al Mustanser 350 - 366 H . In the first section I consider the definition of the word (conflict) linguistically and terminology , the second one was about the prince and Al kalefa Abed Al Rahman ( his name and family ) and the date of his crown , the third section I stated the efforts of Al kalefa Abed Al Rahman in unifying the country and judgment with defeating the rebellion calls which the most important was Ibin Hafsoon revolution , also unifying Al abbasian to the state and getting back cities of eastern Andalusia . I showed in the fourth section the rebirth of Al kalafa Omaiwia in Andalusia by Al kafefa Abed Al Rahman al Nasir while the fifth section dealt with the control upon some territories and unified them with the country . I ended the six section with the stability and the economic growth in the era of Al Mustanser who encourage science and scientific research . The third chapter I state the internal disagreement during the era of Al Kalefa Husham 366 - 390 H , this chapter included six sections , the first one was appointing Al kalefa in his earlier year while the second was the political situation of the state , the third was the appearance of Mohammed Al Hajeb and his individuality in power by defeating his rivals , the fourth was appointing Abed al Malik after the death of his father Al Mansour .the fifth section was the administration of Al kaleafa Abed Al Rahman bin al Mansour and adapting a new strategy which is totally differ of his father . The fourth chapter dealt with the barbarian disorder and the end of Omawi period . It contained eight sections , the first was the misleading of policy of Al kaleafa AL Mahdi especially by fighting barbers , the second section talks about the barbarian revolution against Al Mahdi , the third section was misguiding strategy led by Al Kaleafa Husham , the fourth was seizing Al kalafa by Husham while the fifth was about controlling Al kalafa by Sulaiman , the six was Al Hamood role in Al kalafa upon the country . Then I mentioned the power of Omawai family who are weak and unable to manage the state . They adapted bad behavior depending on high taxes , disobedience and immoral . I finished my study with the affection of this chaos upon the public life of Andalusia . I never forget to mention a list of names of resources and translated books with some previous thesis which were discussed in universities .

النشاط الاقتصادي في شمال شبه الجزيرة العربية قبل الاسلام (القرن الرابع الميلادي) حتى نهاية العهد الراشدي Economic activity in the north of the Arabian Peninsula before Islam Al Jazeera (fourth century AD) until the end of Rashidi Covenant

اسم المؤلف: عصام نجم عبد الله المحمدي
اسم المشرف: احمد حسين احمد الجميلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We still have been considering the impassivity of understanding the history of the Arab nation without understanding the political and sociable issues which from an important ritual part of its human experience in addition to our evasion to realize the other living issues . On top of that ,this matter presents true image about the nation march and avoid us to involve in the hold of many political studies that strove directly or indirectly , intended or unintended loo reveal that the Islamic Arad history is a kind of conflicts and that it wasn't homogeneous . and Arab history is a kind of conflicts and that it wasn't homogeneous. and according to this sense , the research of economic derdopment is a serious part of studying the cultural history of the nation . so the important study of this research reel on the economies activity in the north of peninsula in pre - Islam in the forth century . until the end of al Rashid period which is one of the most important region . that has huge, natural and economic resources in many types of economic life . tndeed the north of peninsula which was order whelmed by the Arabic sects to the north . afar that it has been accompanied by ifs economic experiences as well as its else to the two largest cultural in the era of al Sassanid and peseta culture. A lot of troubles brazened us in the research . as well as the lack of economic information which is found in many times . the research includes . many cities in the Arabian peninsula . in addition to the circumstances accruing in the conntry including the killing , displacing , oppression , instability , and chaos that filled our land . so the research aos exalted on three main regions in the north of the Arabian penin sula . which are al hera kingdom in Iraq AL Gasser an kingdom and almodina al munawara . inhale classified my study into four chapters , the first chapter deals with SoCal and political issues about al hear king dom , AlGassassna king dom , and yathreb city and each one of these reqions has one section . whereas chapter tow deals with the economic activity in yathrn city in three stages in pr - Islam and the era of message and al rashideen age that results in economic activity in yathreb in each of theses three terms and each study dealt with each point that we mentioned it previously . chapter three deals with the economic activity in adhere kingdom and has constructed into three sections . each one deals with the period that we mentioned before and what is going on about the changes and circumstances . We have to indicate to AL tabary , because those figures has given us useful in formation in the economic and sociable scope . in fact the historic book were not sufficient to create the economic developments so we asked for abscess and financial books of abo Yosef , ibn adam . ibn rijab, and ibn tslam . also we took some excepts from books of countries and geography of abalathry and ibn kurdazba , and ibn abdullha kam these excerpts are very early and rigorous at the same time . whereas the books of layers of bn said ibn abdullbar have been great and in it s vital in formation for the wealth of the , leaders magistrates and the growth of economy . Fur there more , we have to indicate to the literary and language books of al jacinth , tbn and ull rad , and al thaaliby that have excellent contexts which deal with the economic circumstances . whereas the modern responses . in which the writing of aldoory Abdul - Aziz and salin al ali have a great role in lightening several parts of our esearch and our indicating to important resources desides , the writings of towed ali , hashim almallah , ahmed al sharif , mr. abdullaziz salim , Yousef chanima , najman yaseen , Muhammad Batavia , and also the foreign translated resonrees of jarhy zidan , beogolifzkis , Nordic m diso and dentist . those all figures have great role in presenting the political. Social , economic , ans thought full efforts which are related to the topic and the period of the research in a simple and modern from

سنجار في العهد الملكي 1921 - 1958م : دراسة تاريخية

اسم المؤلف: محمود شيخ سين حسو
اسم المشرف: زهير علي احمد النحاس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: كان شن الحملات العسكرية العثمانية ضد الطائفة اليزيدية من ابرز سمات تاريخ منطقة سنجار نظرا لرفض اليزيدية للانظمة والقوانين التي كانت تسنها الدولة العثمانية ولاسيمرافضهم اداء الخدمة العسكرية الالزامية والذي كان احد المعضلات الرئيسة التي واجهتها ايضا الحكومات العراقية المتعاقبة في العهد الملكي (1921 - 1958) وكانت سببا في اندلاع اقوى الحركات المسلحة في منطقة سنجار الواهي حركة داود الداودي عام 1935، وهنالك اسباب اخرى لذلك الصراع تتعلق بقيام اليزيدية بعمليات مسلحة للانتقام من الدولة العثمانية كرد فعل على هجماتها عليهم اذ اخذوا يعملون على قطع الطرق ونهب القوافل التجارية وقتل المسلمين من ابناء العشائر هناك مموالد حقدا وكراهية بين الجانبين ولاسيما عند اليزيدية الذين شرعوا بالتعاون مع اي جهة لا ينتمي اليها المسلمون، ومن هنا جاءت محاولاتهم للوقوف الى جانب سلطات الاحتلال البريطاني ورفضهم الشديد قبول حكومة عربية دون انتداب او وصاية بريطانية. كانت تعد سنجار من المناطق الحدودية التي تعج بالتواجد العشائري المتعدد الالوان والاصول ، لذا فان النزاعات العشائرية، كانت واحدة من ابرز سماتها الاجتماعية، وعلى الرغم من ذلك فانها شهدت تحالفات عشائرية لاجل التعايش والتعاون ضمن الوطن الواحد ، ومما يلاحظ على منطقة سنجار، عدم مساهمتها، وبشكل فاعل، في الاحداث الوطنية الحاصلة في العراق، ومن الاسباب التي تقف وراء ذلك بعدها عن مركز القرار وعدم وجود النخب الاجتماعية المؤثرة فيها ، فضلا عن ضعف انتشار الافكار السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية فيها، لكونها منطقة نائية لا تتوفر فيها الخدمات المهمة مثل بقية المدن العراقية، مما قلل في ذلك الجانب من فعاليتها .فعلى الرغم مما اعتراها من مشاكل ومعوقات ونزاعات فقد تميزت سنجار بكونها النموذج المصغر للتعايش السلمي في العراق فهي تحمل كل الوان الطيف الوطني ومن مختلف الاعراق والطوائف والمذاهب وتمثل بحق البوتقة التي انصهرت فيها الانتماءات والاتجاهات المختلفة والتي اجتمع سكانها جميعا على اصالة الوطن العراقي وحب الانتماء اليه.حاولت الحكومة العراقية والسلطات المحلية ايلاء اهتمامها بمنطقة سنجار في اواخر الاربعينيات من القرن الماضي وعملت على انجاز عدد من المشاريع الخدمية والصحية والتعليمية فيهوادابت على كسب ود وولاء الاهالي هناك عبر اللقاءات العديدة المتبادلة بين الطرفين، لكن من جانب اخر لم تول الحكومات العراقية المتعاقبة، ولم تعط لسنجار الاهمية من حيث انجاز المشاريع الاستثمارية سواء في القطاع الزراعي او الصناعي، على الرغم وجود الامكانيات المشجعة في سنجار، اذ لم تشملها مشاريع مجلس الاعمار لاجل تطوير وتعمير المنطقة

الصراع بين المماليك والقوى السياسية في المشرق الاسلامي بين (658 - 856هـ/1260 - 1452م) The conflict between Mamelukes and political powers in Islamic Orient Between 658 - 856 A.H / 1260 - 1452 A.D

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى هاشم عبد العزيز محمود الحنون
اسم المشرف: علاء محمود قداوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Mamelukes conflict with the political forces represented by (Mongols, Algelaurin, Karakoyunlu, AKoyunlu, and the Taymoreen) in the Islamic Orient, during the search period considered the important conflicts in this region, so that the Islamic Orient was living in a state of turmoil and tension in public affairs after an invasion of Maghoul causing it to become an arena for disputes and conflicts between the Mamelukes one hand and political forces vying other hand, and after the victory of the Mamelukes on Mongols in the battle of Ain Jalut years (658 A.D / 1260 A.H) became their deal with the threat of these powers and influence to prevent the extension of the Levant and Egypt. Especially after the occupation of Iraq by Mongols and falling succession Abbasiya state. This prompting the parties should enter into open confrontation with the two ex - neighborly along the Euphrates River. It posed a threat to the interests and security of the Mamelukes. Add to this that those forces pursued a hostile policy toward the Mamelukes, and the tendencies towards the military occupation of the Levant after completing their control of Iraq, but these directions address them Mamelukes in several confrontations at different time periods and the importance of these battles in Islamic history were it to highlight the message relevance and importance of the subject managed here. To give an idea about this subject has been divided thesis to preface and four chapters, which included preparing a brief study on the beginnings of the State of the Mamelukes first in Egypt and the Levant, and the onset of the Mongols force worked to control the Orient Islamic era Genghis Khan and his successors. First chapter deals with the first quarter of conflict thesis among the Mamelukes and the Mongols Alaelkhanien of years (723 A.D/ 1323 A.H), which addressed the most important conflicts that occurred between the Mongols and the Mamelukes the era of Sultan Baibars that conflict, which erupted after the Battle of Ain Jalut where the Euphrates River the boundary between the two States, and presented the study on the evolution era of Sultan Al - Mansour Kala'un by Palmgool able to inflict a crushing defeat at Homs years (680 A.D/ 1281 A.H). As for the magistrates held between the Mongols and the Mamelukes years (681 A.H/ 1282 A.D) Following Teduadr Ahmed took power and declared Islam, they then concluded that the renewed conflict between the two countries following the Argun APGA Ben Hulagu Alaelkhanet authority of the State, which pursued a hostile policy toward Mamelukes.It also says the Magistrate held between the Mongols Alaelkhanien and the Mamelukes in the year (723 A.H/ 1323 A.D) Convention, which held as a result of power struggles between princes Mongols, which was a result of this this way that weakened state Alaelkhanet often as not be able to face the Mamelukes militarily. The second chapter devoted to the conflict when they abounded Algelauri led Quinley zones of influence in Iraq, Azerbaijan, which ensures the Mamelukes role in the collapse of the State and the State Alaelkhanet Algelaurih role in trying to represent the Mamelukes in providing military and material assistance to Sheikh Hassan Al Kabeer in the struggle for power with Sheikh Hassan Al Sagheer, as presented thesis Mamelukes conflict with each Algelaurien Quinlo and led to northern Iraq through converted Mamelukes in assisting Kurdish Prince Hassan Bin Hindu to enable it to capture Mosul, which included attempts by the Mamelukes to extent their influence on Baghdad year (767 A.H / 1365 A.D), Tabriz in the year (790 A.H / 1388 A.D) through the assistance of Qarah leader Mohamed Quinlo led to the occupation in exchange for the latter loyalty and obedience to them. Chapter III is devoted to the study of conflict even when they abounded Timorese occupation of the Levant Timorese in the year (803 A.H/ 1400 A.D), we handled the emergence of Timor, and the proportion of its inception, and how their composition, and then after that we process Timor invasion of Iraq, Azerbaijan and study the position of the Mamelukes of the invasion, which represents an attempt alliance with the Mamelukes political forces opposed to the East representative Bamgool Algovjak The Principality led Quinellet and Ottoman state, as well as attempts in the early Arab State to provide military support to Sultan Ahmed Algelauri to restore areas of influence in Iraq. Turning to Chapter IV occupation of the Levant Timorese years (803 A.H / 1400 A.D) and the resultant political developments ended Tamerlane withdrawal from the Levant under the Magistrate to attend after Tamerlane to face nemesis Ottoman Sultan Bayezid Blderm However, the conflict did not stop after the withdrawal despite the calm period lasted until year (833 A.H/ 1429 A.D), as soon as the conflict between the two countries returned to the era Shahrokh son Timur. And in this chapter we review the study of this conflict until the year (856 A.H/ 1452 A.D

حزب توده ودوره السياسي في ايران 1963 - 1979 Tuda Party and the action on the political Iran 1963 - 1979

اسم المؤلف: بتول كاظم عــزال الشمري
اسم المشرف: احمد كاظم محسن بندر البياتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In spite of the important the effort of TUDA party and the others political parties in IRAN , and the High Interests that the academic studies in IRAQ that interested for the modern History of IRAN But the period for our study is far a long from the another studies for masters, that was our project title. To fill Historical space n Historical Library , Farther more our study s follow the situation of TUDA party at this periode, this study is extend for another studies od masters and PHD's that add t another studies to making encyclopedia for our night boor country and the Historical , Religion , political , Relation that contact us to Iranian people. This study include production and 4 chapters and End. The first chapter study the Tuda party and it's action on the poetical of Iran in the age (1920 - 1963) that study the born of this party from it's start 1920 to the falling of Ridha Shah 1941, and Internal development's that happened in political life n Iran in age (1941 - 1946) this chapter discuss the end of 2nd war to 1963.Chapter 2 discuss Tuda party and political interview against the internal political Life at the periode (1963 - 1971), that show the opinion of this party for the white Revolution that made from the Shah Mohammed Ridha Bahlawi at 1963, and the immunity that gave to the American employers n IRAN at 1964 and Shah altitude against their party 1964 - 1965) and the special sides of the attempt of assassination of Shah at 1965 and the altitude of this party against Ameer Abbas Huwa'da Government during 1965 - 1971 father more the study the organization that generated from TUDA 1966 - 1971.Chapter 3 explained (the Tuda party and political action )(1971 - 1977) that mad spotlight on the student's . socialism movements during this years and the relation with Kurdistan party and the performance of Nahda party and the Dhaffar activities in OMAN during 1975 - 1977. And the economical situations in IRAN at 196 - 1977.The chapter 4 the activity of political situations in IRAN and the interviews o TUDA party against of this situations we take the Interst of TUDA to falling the Shah system 1978 - 1979. And it's Relation with the Religious Institude and it's interview from the Istomic Governments after the Shah falling. The very important target for our studies to make complete foundation of TUDA party an it's continuity and it's gain to acceptance of citizen that it's Should stop at assign periode o time or that support from out Iran such n past (soviet support ) Tuda party was depend from its peoples that support this party and realize the Request's of peoples , that Realization missed from he Tuda that cause fail to trust of the people of IRAN

الحياة الفكـرية في مدينة الكاظمـية (1921 - 1958) The Ideological side for the Kadumya city 1921 - 1958

اسم المؤلف: رضا كريم محمد عبد الحسين العامري
اسم المشرف: سهيل صبحي سلمان الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the ideological side for the Kadumya city has the special importance. Cause it mean the clearance of the fact for this city through the targets and the functions according to the visual of the ideological study for the Ahlul Bait (peace of them).The important of this study is detect the secrets of this city that known us the important Iraqian city depend on the Historical side. That is act on the accidents the 20th century. Cause it became the leader of a lot of muslems and act as castle for the Eslam in according of it's feature and Reference in Religion Kadumya has the glories position cause it has the Shranes of Musa al - Kadum and Muhammad Al - Jawad, this feature give ideological rise(revolution) and making complicated mixture from Religions currents, and marksian, homelands, democrats Transitions acting with the changing in the world of Kadumya a adopt the Religion current and the idea of the Saving the History and civilization and developing with Islamic ZONE.Furthermore the gathering with the new age of change this genate new ideological mode in this city on all the life sides.There are a lot of reasons push me to select this object the important reason is the Ideological side for this city during the Royal age (Kingdome of Iraq) this periods has no attempts Tuesday or analyses from the searchers and Specialists. This Ideological Side stay without any attempt of deeping study to analysis the Ideological, Philosophical of this city, and the contacts with the real life of Iraq.The another target of this study and clear the acting of this city to guide the direction of minting cause it become the school of Ideology that generate anew culture (uniqe) hase from science and important tool and weapon that adopted by the Ideological men for develop a new Idology for the people of Iraq. The recent study is divided for five partition and Abstract, The part one is the Kadumya city develop and the second part Explain the Intellectual ten in Kadumya city since nineteen twenty part is discussion in famous pinorsin Kadumya city and Intellectual produced since (1921 - 58. The fourth part is include the reformation Intellectual Share in (1921 - 1958).

التعليم في الموصل 1932 ـ 1963 : دراسة تاريخية Education In Mosul 1932 - 1963 A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: بيداء سالم صالح عزيز البكر
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم خليل احمد العلاف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Studying Education in Mosul during the Period 1932 - 1963 is considered one of the most important studies which takes part in showing the cultural identity for the city. Mosul is being recognized by so many official, private and forign schools. These schools have great effect in developing the process of education . Al - Ma'riff Councils in Mosul province had their own role in watching and supervising education curricula in all study stages and even in building and reconstructing Schools. Non - Class activities had its role in developing the process of education throughout pupils' participations in issuing bulletins school news paper. In Mosul, there were educational establishments like Al - Majmu'a Al - Thaqafya. It had its role in providing Musli society with technical, agri cultural and industrial Cadres . When July, 14, Revolution had taken place there was an enlargement in the field of education but with scare efficiency. Huge numbers in quantity were too heavy and at the expense of quality improvement. This increase in education size had led to an increase in school and pupils numbers. Changes had taken place in the curricula and attempts had been taken to make primary education compulsory. But such attempts went in vain becouse they were not subjected to educational philosophy. Conferences were held and attempts were made to join primary education with the local adminstration. In Mosul, the local adminstration tried to establish and reconstruct somany schools . After July Revolution 1958, attention for school nutrition and taking care with the pupils had increased and parents and teachers councils were being formed. There was a sort of cooperation between and school . Ministry of Edacation had its own active home role in directing the pupils brining up aiming at establishing councils and strengthening relation ship between pupils' parents and teachers at school. The years 1959 - 1963 had witnessed the emergence of so many colleges in Mosul like college of Medicine, college of Engineering and college of science . One of the revolutions 'achierements was the emergence of professional organizations for both teachers and pupils . Teachers association, general union for pupils had been founded. Those two associations had branches for them in Mosul and got an important role upon professional and political levels. Some negative effects had appeared in thier activities and this in turn had been reflected on education in Mosul creating political and intellectual struggles which shared in retreating men of learning and education to fulfill their own holy duties. But this did not prevent continuation of education process due to efforts made in this respect and the fruit was the expansion of those who want to get learned and their specializations and participations had been varied in building up a contemporary society in Iraq.

احوال الموصل الاقتصادية 1834 - 1918م : دراسة تاريخية Economic Conditions of Mosul 1834 - 1918 A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: غسان وليد مصطفى الجوادي
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم خليل احمد العلاف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Studying the economic history of Iraqi cities during the Ottoman Era (1516 - 1918) has no longer got the attention of scholars except recently in spite of its importance in knowing the circumstances of the individual and society as well as its impact upon both social and political aspects. Due to the importance of economic aspect and the scarcity of information concerning the period of the study, this dissertation has come to highlight the economic aspects of Mosul City under the title Economic Conditions of Mosul 1834 - 1918 A Historical Study.The dissertation contains four chapters. The first has come to talk about the importance of city location from economic aspect and its effect in commercial movement taken place in Mosul since Ottoman control and the most important events of Mosul. The chapter has not neglected the remark of aspects of administration, construction and how they have been affected by starvation, drought and wars. The chapter also tackles the transformations happened in the city. The second chapter deals with the commercial and professional activities, the most important trade routes, means of communications, the role played by the state in activating trade as well as Mosul itself having a great ability in promoting trade by markets, inns and big shops.The chapter also mentions the internal and external commerce and professional aspects of Mosul and the reasons behind the backwardness of the city in this field. The third chapter deals with the topic of agriculture starting from the study of feudal system and role of the state in issuing laws and the role played by Medhat Pasha, walley of Baghdad (1869 - 1872) in applying these laws in Iraqi provinces especially Tabu Law and the results of applying such laws mentioning the position farmers and agricultural activity in Mosul. The fourth chapter highlights the financial aspect by mentioning city resources especially taxes and methods used in gaining these taxes as well as the role of the state in financial reform and currency used by the banks. The dissertation concludes that Mosul having such an important geographical location has helped in achieving economic activities but on the contrary, the city has not exploited this feature due to the absence of security in its places and the trade caravans being exposed to attacks of tribes on the main commercial routes. This is one of the main reasons why the city has not been a trade center by traders from other provinces like Aleppo. Also, families have remained controlling the economic aspect during the period of the study. In industrial field, initiatives by capitalists to invest their own money and building up a developed industry have no any existence by we see that professions have stayed undeveloped. In agricultural field, in spite of issuing laws during the second half of the nineteenth century, agriculture and farmers conditions has not changed for the better. As for the financial field, role of the state has just stayed in collecting taxes and increasing its amounts with the scarcity of expenses on services aspects. Banks which have been established in Mousl, its services are dedicated only for few traders and this in its turn has limited the commercial activities of such banks

روح الله الخميني ونشاطه السياسي حتى عام1979 Rawh Allah ALkhaminii Wanashatuh ALsiyasiu Hataa Aam 1979

اسم المؤلف: هشام رزاق علي هليبي الجبوري
اسم المشرف: احمد كاظم محسن بندر البياتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, peace and blessings be upon the noble prophets and messengers Muhammad bin Abdullah al - Sadiq, the faithful and the envoy, mercy to the worlds and to his family and companions.Mr. Chairman of the Committee of the respected discussion .... Dear members of the discussion committee ... Honorable attendance ... Peace, mercy and blessings of God…Thanks to God and His grace, the researcher completed his study (Ruhollah Khomeini and his political activity until 1979). The research shows the impact of the social environment on the emergence of Mr. Khomeini, who grew up in a religious - oriented intellectual environment that believes in the separation of religion and politics and the establishment of a modern state according to Islamic law.Shows through research the impact of the social environment and clear on the genesis of Mr. Khomeini, as it grew up in a religious environment, an intellectual approach, not to believe in the separation of religion and politics, and the establishment of a modern state according to Islamic law.The most important ordains contribution during his studies in support of the possession of Qom in the time of the estate leader Sheikh Abdul Karim Haeri and reference Mr. Boroujerdi and his excesses of the Pahlavi family on a religious seminary as part of its possession, and his position in Iran of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the policy represented by a number of laws, which accounted for its projects reform, the most important figure of religious was addressed to the orientations of the Shah, especially on the hijab and positive laws concerning society, including freedom of women, and the project of agrarian reform (white Revolution) in 1963, the immunity of advisers and American military personnel in Iran, which faced Khomeini b Dah, which led to his deportation in 1964 to Turkey, Iraq and France as a reference point with the thought of carrying an integrated Islamic project viable project in Iran is facing Western Shah. And stand fans and seamlessly behind the reference of Mr. Khomeini's Islamic and mobilized against the Shah's secular trends, and that the time he spent in Iraq of the most important periods of the Islamic Revolution, where the fertile ground for the expansion of its popular base.Mr. Khomeini left Iraq with great intellectual and political influence for a long time by teaching him to study abroad in jurisprudence. He studied a large number of students from different countries. Perhaps the most important lessons that Mr. Khomeini taught were in the Islamic government, Which proves that politics is at the heart of the cleric and emphasized the overlap of religion and politics. Therefore, we find a "clear" effect of Mr. Khomeini's ideas on all Islamic political movements in all Islamic countries.That Khomeini was a clergyman, but he was a brilliant political clergyman, who managed to win over the Iranian street, as well as the failure of the Shah more than once in an attempt to convince the Iranian people that he was making reforms for the advancement of Iran. He is a communist in religious clothing. Mr. Khomeini left political traces in Iran based on alienating the foreign presence from Iran, establishing an Islamic regime based on the mandate of the Faqih and electing a national Shura Council. Ayatollah Khomeini is the founder of the Islamic Republic's regime. Which has been achieved by the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, which changed the face of the region.The first chapter, entitled "Its Origination, Study and Attitude from the Political Revolution in Iran (1902 - 1962)," was divided into four chapters. The first topic was entitled "The Relativity and Family History". The second topic The third topic is his "religious studies in Arak and Qom." The fourth topic is his position on political and political developments in Iran (1921 - 1962).The second chapter dealt with the role of Mr. Ruhollah Khomeini in canceling the amendment of the Local Council Elections Law in 1962. The second topic is the position of Mr. Ruhollah Khomeini Of the White Revolution, and included the third topic : the political activity of the spirit of God Khomeini after the White Revolution and the impact of his arrest on June 4, 1963, and touched the fourth topic : the political activity of the spirit of God Khomeini and his position on US immunity and his second detention on the fourth of November 1964.The third chapter, entitled "Political Views and Attitudes of Mr. Khomeini in Exile," came in six sections, including the first section, "The Denial of Mr. Ruhollah Khomeini to Turkey." The second topic, "Mr. Khomeini was denied to Iraq and continued to follow the political situation in Iran" , And the third topic, "The position of Mr. Khomeini on the Palestinian issue 1967 - 1973", and included the fourth section, "Mr. Khomeini and the assumption of the Baath Party in Iraq," and devoted the fifth section, "visions of Mr. Khomeini in the project of the Islamic government (Wilayat al Faqih) "The position of Mr. Khomeini from the celebrations of the Shah (1971 - 1973). "The fourth chapter, "Mr. Ruhollah Khomeini, examined the situation and the role of exile in overthrowing the Shah's regime (1975 - 1979)." The first section included the position of Mr. Khomeini on the establishment of the Rastakhiz Party and the change of the Iranian calendar in 1975, Which was recorded by Mr. Khomeini from his exile in Iraq and its impact on the political situation in Iraq (1977 - 1978), and dealt with the fourth topic, "Mr. Khomeini in France and his leadership of the Islamic Revolution and his return to Iran in February 1979."In addition to the published documents, Arabic books, Arabic books, Persian books, university papers, research and articles, in addition to the Internet.And ask the Almighty to help us to what He loves and to prove our feet and improve our punishment and does not take us to our mistakes because man is not infallible and subject to errors and sublime who does not sin and perfection to God Almighty.In conclusion, I would like to reiterate my thanks and gratitude to the Chairman of the Discussion Committee, the members of the honorable discussion committee and the honorable audience for hearing this summary of my research, and I am now with all your ears to hear your opinions and sincere guidance ... Thank you.

الحياة الاجتماعية للعائلة المالكة في العراق1921 - 1958 The Social Life For The Royal Family In Iraq 1921 - 1958

اسم المؤلف: وديان حيدر نشمي الدلفي
اسم المشرف: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the social life the royal Family in Iraq including the simple details their every day life situation is on of the scientific and academic studies that every one has to Know The thesis is talking about the Royal Familys life since 1921, the year in which king faisal Ihas become the ruler of Iraq the study ends in 1958 the year in which 14th july Revolution has taken place by which the Royal system is changed to the Republican one. The study (thesis) consists of the Introduction and Four chapters then the conclusion. The First chapter is called King Faisal I From 1921_1933 the second chepter is titled the social For King chazi 1933_1939 with the social life oF the Guardian Abdul Ilah and king Faisal II 1939_1953 chapter Four is crowning king Faisal II 1953_1958. The study is built on various documents and sources From Arabic as well as translated to Arabic Furthermore, mony periodicals and thesis that have enriched the is with different valuable in formation which have a great role to provide the detailed information for the mentioned social and political events events. It is clear From the Royal social life has agreat simplicity and too much humility for all the royal members starting with King Faisal and ending with King Faisal II, mang situations Form social life events present their simplicity and humility of the Royal Family members we ther with the other Kings or with various layers of the Iraqi society. It is clear that regard less of the social economical, political and cultural circumstances of Iraq at that time before the time of King Faisal I, the King was able to bear great burdens to promote the Iraqi reality the same as during the ruling era of King Ghazi and prince Abdul Ilah as well King Faisal II when his ruling era has ended after the 14 july Revolution 1958.

فاروق بن فؤاد الاول ودوره في الحياة السياسية في مصر حتى عام 1952 Farouk bin Fouad I and his role in the political life in Egypt until 1952

اسم المؤلف: نور اياد عبد الله
اسم المشرف: نضر علي امين الشريف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الذهبي (ت : 748 هـ / 1349م) ومنهجه في كتابه سير اعلام النبلاء AL - DHAHABI (D : 748 A.H / 1349 A.C) AND HIS METHOD IN HIS BOOK SIER AaLaam AL - NUBALA

اسم المؤلف: فراس محمد حسين محمد
اسم المشرف: خليل ابراهيم جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: AL - Dahahabi is great historian in the filed of biographies . The study attempts to reveal his method in writing his book sier Aalaam AL - Nubala , obituaries of Eminent men . An investigation of biographies in his book has revealed that AL - Dahahbi possessed a certain concept during (social elite ) in the creation of history . The study constitutes of five chapters . The first provides the Age of AL - Dahahbi during Mamluks period in addition to his biography himself .Chapter two decliars the book sier Aalaam AL - Nubala during the plan global in the fields of time and location , history of authoring the book , and the appendixes of the book . Chapter three includes AL - Dahahbi concept of history as shown by the role of (social elite) . Here , discrepancies with previous works dealing with biographies of eminent men has been stressed . Light has been thrown on the foundation on which the eminent persons had built their social , political and cultural position illustrating the rang of their influence on the society .Chapter four includes information on - AL - Dahahbi sources , focusing attention on the method he used in quoting from his predecessors and contemporaries . The impact of verbal quotations and eye - witness reporting in examined .Chapter five tackles the from and content of AL - Dahahbi's biographies . size of the obituary , number of line sand method have all been taken into account . His way in presenting the biographies and motives in his inclusion of marginal ones also comes under the line light . As for content , the study examinates the major elements of biographies , starting with the name of the eminent personality and ending with his death

الصلات الثقافية بين الموصل والاندلس من القرن 3 هـ / 9 م الى نهاية القرن 7 هـ / 13م

اسم المؤلف: منار نظير نديم
اسم المشرف: عبد الواحد ذنون طه
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الاتصال الثقافي بين الموصل والاندلس نتيجة طبيعة احكمتها اللغة المشتركة ، والدور الاسلامي الذي له نصيب الريادة في تشجيع الحركة الثقافية ، وتحقق التمازج بين ثقافات البلدان اذ مثلت المنطقتين ساحـة خصبة لتلقي العلوم والمعارف ، ساعدهما موقعهما الجغرافي وما امتلكتاه من مميزات طبيعية جعلتهما مركـزا لاستقطاب طوائف مختلفة تتوافد عليهما من عدة اماكن لغرض الزيادة او التحصيل العلمي او لغرض التجارة . مما كان له اثر في تكوين صلات ثقافية اخذت تنشا بين اهل البلد والوافدين اليها .ـ كان لجهود اهالي المنطقتين العلمية والثقافية اثـر كبير في تقدم الثقافة وازدهارها ، كما ساعدت على خلق حلقة ثقافية متواصلة من خـلال مؤهلاتها الخلقية التي كانت معبرة عن الانسجام والتفاعل الثقافي وعن النتاج والابداع ، فكانـت رعايتهم للعلم نابعة من رغبتهم الذاتية ،فخـدم الوعي الثقافي للمجتمعين اللقاء الحضاري والعلمي الذي حصل ، فخدم كل منهما الاخر بما يملكه من قدرات ثقافية .ـ اثرت الطبيعة في تشكيل اقتصاد جيد ساعد على توفير بيئة مناسبة خدمت رعاة العلم من حكام وعلماء وسائر المجتمع . فقد ساهـم وبشكل فعال في جعل المنطقتين مركز جذب للناس لغرض السكن والاقامة فيهما ، مما ادى الى زيادة ونمو حجم السكان .ـ اثرت السلطة تاثيرا ايجابيا في جعل منطقة الموصل والاندلـس منبعا مـن منابع المعرفة ، من خلال نشر الحريـة الثقافية والرغبة والتعمـق في الحصول على كل مسببات الحركة الثقافية في كـلا البلدين حتى تقاربت المستويات الثقافية بين مدينة كالموصل وهي جـزء من بلد حضارته قديمة عرفتها الازمان وحدثت بها الاثار ، وبلد كبير مثل الاندلس برز منذ بداية نشاته مقرا ثقافيا لتوحيد مركزه وتمجيد اثره . فهذا الاتجاه الثقافـي الذي ساد في البلدين خلق نوعا من التواصل بينهما ، اذ يقصد الموصل من خلاله من توجه الى المشرق منجذبا نحوها ، واجدا فيها ارضية ثقافية خصبة ليستكمل علمه الذي رفـدته به مراكز النهضة الثقافية في المشرق ، والموصل واحدة منها . وقـد تشابهت ادوار السلطة في كل من الموصل والاندلس ضمن جميع الحقب الزمنية ، فحينما نجـد اميرا موصليا يشرع في بناء مدرسة او دار حديث ، نلاحظ بالمقابل حاكما اندلسيا يشجع على التاليف واقتناء الكتب من مشارق الارض ومغاربها .ـ لم يكن دور العلماء اقل شانا من دور السلطة وتاثيرها على الحركة الثقافية ، فكانت الجهـود مترابطة فيما بينهـم في كل من الموصل والاندلـس للوصول الى ارقى المستويات الثقافيـة ، فكان كل منهم متحمل مسؤولية تثقيـف وتطوير بلده ليحضى بمكانة متميزة عن غيره ، وهذا ما جعلهم سباقين في التطلع والتواصل والمشاركة الحضارية للوصول الى الحقيقة العلمية ، وتثبيت دورهـم في بيئهم الثقافية ، فكانت ادوارهم حثيثة في التاليف والتصنيف والتدريس لنشر بـذور المعرفة وغرسها في ارض ثقافية استطاعت ان تنتج فكرا نيرا ، واعيا متقدمة للمساهمة في كل مجالات المعرفة .ـ كان للمدارس دور كبيـر في دفع الحركة الثقافيـة الى الامام ، من خلال اجتذابها لطلاب العلم،وتعزيز مكانة الموصل بوصفها مركزا ثقافيا ونشرها العلوم والمعرفة في كافة المجالات ، في الوقت الذي لم تحظ الاندلس بوجودها ، فقد كانت الكتاتيب والمساجد المقر الاول لتلقي العلوم ، يقابل ذلك اهتمام المجتمع بكل طبقاته في طلب العلم،اذ كان مستوى ثقافتهم محط تنافسهم ،لذلك كان اهتمامهم منصب عليه محاولين اخذه من منابعه .ـ ساهمت المراكـز الثقافية على كثرة انواعهوااختلافها في المنطقتين على شيوع اللقاءات الفكرية ، وما يحـدث فيها عادة من مناقشات ومناظرات ادت الى حد كبير الى دفع الحركة الثقافية ورفدها ، فقد عكست بصورة مباشرة مراحل التطور الثقافي التي مرت بها الحركة العلمية والادبية ، فكان ازديادها نتيجة طبيعية لذلك التطور ، حيث ان العلاقات التي تكونت فيما بينها كانت واحدة من صور التعاون الذي جعل المنطقتين في مستوى ثقافي مشهود له .ـ وكانت الرحلة على اختلاف انواعها المنفـذ الذي اطلع من خلاله الاندلسيون على علوم المشرق ، مستفيدين من العلماء المشرقيين الذين كانوا منبعا لتلك العلوم . وقد فرضت الموصل بامكانيتها الثقافية على الوافدين الى المشرق الانتباه اليها بوصفها مركزا ثقافيا يداني المراكز التي نعم المشرق بوجودها . اذ انها احتوت على اغلب العلماء الذين تشد اليهم الرحال بعكس الاندلس التي كان علماؤها بحاجة لتعميق دراستهم وتطورها ، وهذا ما جعل كفة الرحلة غير متوازنة الا انها حققت نتيجة علمية وثقافية من خلال نقل مرويات ومؤلفات اهل الموصل الى الاندلـس .

عبد الرزاق محي الدين ودوره السياسي والفكري في العراق 1910 - 1983 Abdul - Razzaq Muhee Aldeen and his Political and Intellectual Role in Iraq 1910 - 1983

اسم المؤلف: احمد هاشم جاسم العتابي
اسم المشرف: جميل موسى النجار
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تحتل شخصية عبد الرزاق محي الدين دورا بارزا على الصعيدين السياسي والفكري في العراق، خلال تاريخه المعاصر، واخذت هذه الرسالة على عاتقها تسليط الضوء على النتاج السياسي والفكري لهذه الشخصية.فدرست سيرة عبد الرزاق محي الدين الشخصية, وانشطته وادواره السياسية 1958 - 1966, وتطرقت الى استيزاره خلال عهد الرئيس عبد الرحمن محمد عارف، وانشطته وادواره الفكرية.في الخاتمة اعطيت اهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها.فكانت النقطة الاكثر اهمية هي ان عبد الرزاق محي الدين نشا في بيئة فكرية جعلته يتقلد المناصب السياسة من اجل تحقيق اهداف الشعوب العربية في الوحدة,فاختير للقيام بمهام وطنية وقومية في ان واحد,فتقلد منصب وزارة الوحدة في العراق للفترة1964 - 1968,وتسلمه لمنصب الامانة العامة للقيادة السياسية الموحدة بين العراق والجمهورية العربية المتحدة,واختير رئيسا للجنة التحضيرية لاعادة بناء الاتحاد الاشتراكي العربي في العراق1967, فضلا عن المناصب العلمية والفكرية, كرئاسته للمجمع العلمي العراقي خلال الفترة1965 - 1979,مما مكنه من قيادة السياسات الثقافية نحو التوجه العروبي ودفاعه عن القومية العربية بشكل عام والدفاع عن وطنه العراق بشكل خاص واستمر في ادواره حتى وفاته1983 | The figure of Abdul - Razzaq Muhee Aldeen occupies an impart role on the political and intellectual levels in Iraq, throughout this contemporary history. This thesis assumes the task of shedding light on the political outcome of that figure. The biography of Abdul - Razzaq Muhee Aldeen and hnis activities as well as political roles (1958 - 1966) were studied in this thesis. Also, his selection during the reign of President Abdulrahman Aarif (1966 - 1968), and his activities and role were tackled here. In the conclusion we give the most important findings which include the most important points that Abdul - Razzaq Muhee Aldeen was brought up in an intellectual environment that made him assume political positions for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the Arab people in unity. He was chosen to assume the national and Pan - Arab missions simultaneously. He assumed the position of ministry inn Iraq for one period 1964 - 1968, and he assumed the position of secretary of consolidated council between Irtaq and the United Arab Republic U.A.R. he was chosen as the chairman of the preparatory committee to reconstruct the Socialist Arab Union in Iraq 1967. In addition to that, he assumed scientific and academic positions like he presidency of the Iraqi Academy of Scientific during the period 1965 - 1979. That enabled him to lead the cultural leadership towards the Pan - Arabism tendencies and his defend of the Arab nationality in general and his homeland Iraq in particular until his death in 1983

التطورات الاجتماعية في الحلة 1958 - 1968 The Social developments in Hilla 1958 - 1968

اسم المؤلف: سجاد مهدي عرين
اسم المشرف: سهيل صبحي سلمان الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of "The social developments in Hilla - from 1958 - 1968 " is one of the topics that deserve to be studied because academic studies did not pay much attention to the social history only recently. The attention was limited to the political and economic aspects despite the great importance of the social aspect as it touches the social life in its details clearly and directly. Therefore, I chose the study (The Social Developments in Hilla 1958 - 1968) as the subject of my thesis in order to study certain aspects of the history of social status of Hilla. The reason for making the duration of the research starts in 1958 was the revolution of 14th of July of the same year, which ended the reign of the monarchy, which lasted for 37 years. The revolution came with social, economic and political laws and reforms in the interest of the people by improving the status of the peasants and reducing feudalism and standing by students and workers and improve their living conditions in addition to the cultural and urban development witnessed by the city during that period. The reason for ending the search in 1968 was the white coup on July, 17 of the same year by Baathi leaders and headed by Ahmed Hassan al - Bakr.The thesis consisted of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the general situation in Hilla before the revolution of July 14, 1958, the first section includes the social life of the Hilli community. The second section deals with the economic life while the third section includes the position of the political forces from the economic and social conditions.The second chapter is devoted to the study of the social relations in rural areas. The first section deals with the social relations in rural areas. The second section includes the social customs and traditions. The third section includes the role of women in society. The fourth section referred to the law of agrarian reform, while the fourth section is about the agricultural associations. The fifth sections deals with the migration from the countryside to the city.The third chapter was entitled the social developments in the city. The first topic dealt with the role of the middle classes in Hilla. The second topic dealt with the role of the labor movement. The third topic dealt withthe religious and archeological milestones. The fourth topic dealt with the role of culture in the development of the society. The fifth section addressed the urban development and recreational facilities in Hilla. The fourth chapter reviewed the social services in Hilla. The first section deals with educational services. The second section is devoted to the health services and its development, and the third section deals with the communication and transportation services.We concluded that the social life in Hilla during the period 1958 - 1968 witnessed important developments and changes that moved the Hilli society from the recession that existed during the royal era (1921 - 1958) to the state of an open and developed society on the world, which was witnessed by the Western world. The revolution of July 14, 1958 confirmed that its mission is to provide social services to the deserving Iraqi people in cities, villages and rural areas, in addition to the development of educational institutions due to the state interest in the education sector and increasing its expenditure on educational services. That led to educational development and the increase in the number of students at all levels, as well as for teachers, and the disappearance of old fashioned ways of teaching during the period of research due to the spread of schools, and applying of compulsory education, free books and stationery as well as the promotion of cultural and scientific level through scholarships outside Iraq. The Scientific and literary meetings played a role in the social and human development through social and cultural associations. They provided various services to the community. Several newspapers and magazines also participated in raising awareness, the advocating of reformation as well as addressing negative situations and improving social conditions for better. Health conditions during the period of research have been developed due to the expansion of the establishment of health institutions like hospitals and clinics, in addition to the concern for maternal and child health. This is reflected in the Institute of Motherhood and Childhood in Hilla. Life and health statistics showed an increase in the number of live births at the expense of the dead. A significant proportion of children's diseases and obstetrics for women had been dealt with also

الحياة الثقافية في جبل لبنان 1831 - 1914 The cultural Life in Jabal Lebanon (1831 - 1914)

اسم المؤلف: باهرة عادل هادي الجبوري
اسم المشرف: نادية كاظم محمد العبودي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the cultural life in Jabal Lebanon is considered as essential element since it is represented the beginning of modern intellectual renaissance, its aspect clearly appeared by establishing the modern schools that contributed into extending the intellectual domain with its different forms throughout the Arab east and number of western states. The thesis 's spatial is bounded in 1831 where it has witnessed the arrival of the US missionaries in Jabal Lebanon and the occupation of Ibrahim Basha to Levant. Al - Umran has owned a grand effect upon changing the cultural condition in Jabal Lebanon and the thesis 's time ended in 1914, where it has witnessed the First War World. The thesis includes an introduction, four chapters and conclusion, where the chapter one includes the cultural life in Jabal Lebanon under the control of the Othman (1516 - 1831), the chapter two includes US missionaries along with its cultural effect upon (jabal Lebanon 1831 - 1861), THE CHAPTER THREE is about the cultural conditions in jabal Lebanon under the ruling of " Mutasrifiyah " (1861 - 1914) and the CHAPTER FOUR includes the intellectual creation in jabal Lebanon (1831 - 1914). The researcher has relied on a huge number of documents and references in addition to theses. It has been indicated that jabal Lebanon has witnessed huge developments in the cultural life as that explained in the establishment of modern schools and universities in addition to printings and issuing newspapers. This resulted into preparing elite of educated having a grand role in modernizing Lebanon ; besides, the roles of princes of jabal Lebanon, especially the prince (Fakhar AL - Din AL - Muaani and the prince " Basher AL - Shihabi who contributed into modernizing jabal Lebanon with all its cultural aspects

التعليم فـــي المغرب الاقصى 1912 - 1956 Education in Farthest Morocco 1912 - 1956

اسم المؤلف: كوثر حامد جاسم
اسم المشرف: خضير حسن سلمان
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The subject of education drew the attention of the political regimes which successively ruled Morocco due to the great influence the French Protection had over the period 1912 - 1956 on Education in Morocco. For this reason, educational policy of Morocco faced new challenges. To explain it, this thesis tries to shed more light on education in Morocco in that period.The plan of research requires me to divide it into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion : The first chapter is titled : Education in Morocco before the Imposition of French Protection,1873 - 1912, the second : Education from the Beginning of Protection Era to the End of WWII ,1912 - 1918, the third : Educational Policy between two Wars, 1919 - 1939, and the fourth : The Educational Policy, 1939 - 1956.In the Conclusion, I give the most important results I reached. The most important point is that it became clear that France did not impose its protection only to occupy lands and to get their wealth but it also sought to dominate all fields of Moroccan society once and for all. To achieve this purpose, France overwhelmed the education in order to implant its language and culture in the minds and souls of Moroccans, in a hope to ensure its permanent existence there on one hand, and to develop a defenseless local society whose individuals do not feel the bondage and membership to their own land and nationality on the other hand.We could also recognize the great role the Sultans of Morocco, who ruled before and after the Protection, from Hassan I to Muhammad V, in the field of education. The role of Muhammad V was significant in the renaissance of education and the establishment of schools, in addition to the coordination with leaders of national movement to resist authorities of the Protectorate, not to say his direct initiative to educate the Moroccan women, realizing the necessity of her role in building of society

العلاقات الكويتية السعودية 1961 - 1976 Kuwaiti Saudi relations 1961 - 1976

اسم المؤلف: قاسم عقيل كرم جاسم الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في البدء لا يسعني الا ان ارحب برئيس لجنة المناقشة الاستاذ الدكتور كريم طلال مسير الذي تعلمت منه الكثير خلال فترة الدراسة التحضيرية كما كان معنى للتواضع ، كما ارحب بمن احله ضيف علينا الاستاذ المساعد الدكتور خليل حمود عثمان ، فلك مني اجمل وادق التحايا، وارحب بالاستاذة الدكتورة تماضر عبد الجبار ابراهيم ، ومن العرفان ان اسجل شكري وامتناني وترحيبي للاستاذ الفاضل السيد المشرف الاستاذ مساعد الدكتور حسين علي فليح الذي عانا ما عانا معي طيلة ايام بحثي ، فكان لي نعم الموجة ونعم الناصح ، واسال الباري عز وجل ان يجعله ذخرا للعلم ولطلبته . وبحمد لله ونعمته اتم الباحث دراسته الموسومة (العلاقات الكويتية السعودية 1961 - 1976). ان اهم ما يميز العلاقات الكويتية - السعودية عن غيرها من العلاقات الدولية ،هو النسب المشترك بين الاسرتين الحاكمتين في الدولتين، اذ يعود نسب ال الصباح وال سعود ، الى قبيلة عنزة العربية بالاضافة الى اشتراكهما في المصالح والمصاهرة ، هذا بالاضافة امتدادها الزمني والتاريخي منذ تاسيس الدولتين، فقد اكد المؤرخون على ان بداية حكم (ال الصباح) في الكويت تقترب من بداية قيام الدولة السعودية الاولى، وقد تميزت تلك العلاقات منذ ذلك الوقت الى المرحلة المعاصرة بانماط من التعاون. ومع ذلك فاننا لا نتحدث عن نمط واحد ساد هذه العلاقة، بل عن انماط متعددة تتفاوت بين التوتر والتحسن. ويمكن القول ان العلاقات بين الطرفين قد مرت بمنحنيات حادة وصلت في بعضها الى حد الصدام العسكري، الا انه مختلف الصدمات بين الطرفين كانت بعيدة عن الصراع الايديولوجي او العرقي ، او الثقافي ، الاجتماعي ،فلم تكن هذه الصراعات بينهما اكثر من مجرد بناء مصالح اقتصادية وتوازنات قوى خصوصا في فترة التي سبقت موضوع الدراسة. وقد شهد عام 1961عودة قوية للعلاقات الثنائية بين الكويت والسعودية ،وفي مختلف المجالات لتبدا منذ هذا التاريخ، تسير العلاقات نحو الترابط القوي والتعاون لما فيه مصلحة ومنفعة الشعبين الكويتي والسعودي، فقد وقفت السعودية الى جانب الكويت لينال الاخير استقلاله، كما عملت السعودية على الوقوف بوجه العراق اثناء مطالباته التاريخية بالكويت ،هذا فظلا عن الجهود التي بذلتها السعودية من اجل دخول الكويت في الجامعة العربية. كان للزيارات المتبادلة بين قادة البلدين اثر كبير في تعميق العلاقات بين البلدين، كما انها كانت الدافع الحقيقي وراء تسريع التعاون وتقويته، والتنسيق بين البلدين في جميع اﻟﻤﺠالات السياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية، كما قامت الدولتين بتوقيع العديد من الاتفاقيات التي كان القصد منها ادخال الطمانينة وبناء الاستقرار، وارساء دعائم الامن بين البلدين. كما كان للكويت والسعودية دورا مهما في احداث الخليج العربي ،ولاسيما بعد اعلان بريطانيا قرارها الانسحاب من المنطقة، فقد لعبت الدولتان دورا مهما في ثورة اليمن 1962 - 1970 وقيام النظام الجمهوري ، الوقوف ضد الاحتلال الايراني للجزر الثلاثة، والعمل على مساعدة البحرين في نيل استقلالها، فضلا عن مساعيها في قيام اتحاد الامارات العربية وحل الاشكالات التي رافقت ذلك. وتسهيلا للفائدة ، تم تقسيم الرسالة الى مقدمة واربع فصول وخاتمة ، حمل الفصل الاول منها عنوان (العلاقات التاريخية بين الكويت والسعودية حتى 1960) وهو بمثابة فصل تمهدي للعلاقات بين البلدين قبل 1961 ، وقد تم تقسيمة الى ثلاث مباحث، تناول المبحث الاول العلاقات الكويتية - النجدية قبل 1916، في حين تناول المبحث الثاني العلاقات الكويتية - النجدية 1917 - 1931، اما المبحث الثالث فقد تناول العلاقات الكويتية السعودية 1932 - 1960. اما الفصل الثاني جاء بعنوان ( تطور العلاقات الكويتية السعودية في عهد الشيخ عبدالله السالم 1961 - 1963) ، وقدتم تقسيمة الى ثلاث مباحث ، الاول تناول اعلان استقلال الكويت والتمثيل الدبلوماسي بين الكويت والسعودية ، وتناول المبحث الثاني موقف السعودية من تدخل العراق في الكويت ، اما المبحث الثالث فقد تناول جهود المملكة العربية السعودية في انضمام الكويت لجامعة الدول العربية . وتناول الفصل الثالث (العلاقات الكويتية السعودية 1961 - 1976) وقد تم تقسيمه الى ثلاث مباحث ، تضمن الاول الزيارات الكويتية السعودية في عهد الشيخ عبدالله السالم الصباح ،اما المبحث الثاني فقد تضمن الزيارات الكويتية السعودية في عهد صباح السالم الصباح ، اما المبحث الثالث فقد تضمن الاتفاقيات الكويتية السعودية 1965 - 1975. وسلط الفصل الرابع الضوء على(موقف الكويتية السعودية من قضايا الجوار الخليجي) من خلال احتوائه على اربع مباحث، تناول المبحث الاول منها موقف الكويت والسعودية من ثورة اليمن 1962 - 1970 ،والمبحث الثاني تناول موقف الكويت والسعودية من احتلال ايران للجزر الثلاثة، وتضمن المبحث الثالث موقف الكويت والسعودية من الادعاءات الايرانية في البحرين، اما المبحث الرابع فقد تناول موقف الكويت والسعودية من قيام دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة 1971. اعتمدت الباحث في كتابة الرسالة على مصادر متنوعة تاتي في مقدمتها الوثائق العراقية غير المنشورة من دار الكتب الوثائق ، هذا بالاضافة الى الوثائق المنشورة ، والكتب العربية والمعربة والرسائل الجامعية ، والبحوث والمقالات ، هذا بالاضافة الى شبكه الانترنيت .واسال الله تعالى ان نكون لما قدمناه وبذلناه من جهد في هذه الدراسة نافعة لنا في الدنيواالاخرة ، والتمس من العلي القدير ان يوفقنا لما يحب وان يثبت اقدامنوايحسن عاقبتنوالا يؤاخذنا على اخطاءنا لان الانسان غير معصوم ومتعرضا للخطاء وسبحان من لا يخطواالكمال لله جل جلاله.بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم((ربنا لا تؤاخذنا ان نسينا او اخطانرابنوالا تحمل علينا اصرا كما حملته على الذين من قبلنرابنوالا تحملنا ما لا طاقة لنا به واعف عنوااغفر لنواارحمنا ))صدق الله العلي العظيموفي الختام اكرر شكري وامتناني الى رئيس لجنة المناقشة واعضاء لجنة المناقشة المحترمون والحضور الكريم لسماعهم ملخص بحثي هذا ، وانا الان بكل اذان صاغية لسماع ارائكم وتوجيهاتكم السديدة ... وشكرا . | The the most important characteristic Kuwaiti - Saudi than other international relations relations is proportions a common between the two families Alhakmtin in both countries, if back proportions of the Sabah and the Saud, to the tribe a goat the Arab in addition to their participation in the interests and mixed lineageThis is in addition its extension time and historical since the establishment of the two countries , it was found that these relations date back to historical and politically stretch his more than two centuries. have Stressed Historians that beginning of ruling (the Sabah) in Kuwait approaching the beginning of the first Saudi of State, been characterized that relationships since that time to phase the contemporary patterns of cooperation. However, we are not talking about one style prevailed in this relationship, but about the a multi patterns vary between the tension and the ameliorate. In light of this came our study tagged (Kuwait - Saudi relationships1961 - 1975) because of this relationship from significant impact on the course of events in the Arab region all of which, if longer the subject of research and one of the most prominent international issues complicated and sensitive, because it is surrounded by fences of the tension and discussion surface without going into depth of the relationship troubled in the past, the present and access to develop successful solutions to the its crisis in the future. Comes The optional For a start the time period of 1961, that this history composes an important point in history of Kuwait, it represents Kuwait's independence and end the treaty the British protectorate, as such And shape beginning of a new period of Relationships political economic and Cultural between the two countries pushes them at that euphoria of of independence and a desire to building relationships prevail the valence and respect for sovereignty. As for end of the period of time in 1975 is the history of the death of King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz, and it can be said that the period (1961 - 1975) from the date Kuwaiti relations - Saudi were full of eventful that have affected about Direct indirectly in the relationships between them therefore consecration message to be studied is it just makes sense objectivity which makes it subject a vital is not in the history of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, but in the history of the Arab homeland contemporary in general.It should be noted here, that the researcher and consultation with Professor supervisor Artie to making the an end date message in 1975instead of 1976, because he is this year been assassination King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz by the his nephew Faisal bin Assistant bin Abdul Aziz, on March 25 1975 during reception and Kuwaiti oil Minister Abdul mutallab Kazimi, to be the this history end of sentenced King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz in Saudi Arabia, which is a landmark event in the conduct of the Relations Kuwaiti Saudi. gesticulate I were to choose this subject, Except with the assistance of my professors in history department, which stands up in the forefront of Prof. Dr. Karim Talal al - Rikabi, an professor Dr. Hussein Ali Flaih of the supervisor two not have been my choice of subject, Except their directives and observations value. Order to facilitate the Interest, been the division the message has into introduction and four chapters and a conclusion , download the first chapter of which address (historical relations between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia until 1960) it serves as a separate Tmahdi for relations between the two countries before 1961, it has been broken down into three admonishing, eat The first topic of relations Kuwaiti - Alnagdip Before 1916, while eat second topic , relationships Kuwaiti - Alnagdip 1917 - 1931, while the third topic tackles the relations Kuwaiti Saudi 1932 - 1960. As for second chapter titled (the evolution of the Kuwaiti Saudi relations in era of Sheikh Abdullah Al - Salem from 1961 to 1963), and you have led dividing it into three admonishing, the first eat declaration independence of Kuwait and diplomatic representation between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, eat the second research stand Arabia from entering Iraq in Kuwait, either research the third tackles efforts of Saudi Arabia in the Arab League. Addressed The third chapter (relations the Kuwaiti Saudi 1961 - 1975) and you have led dividing it into three admonishing which included the first of visits Kuwaiti - Saudi during the reign of Sheikh Abdullah Al - Al Salem Al Sabah, while the second topic the were included visits Kuwaiti - Saudi in the reign of Sabah Al - Salem Al - Sabah, while the third section included the conventions Kuwaiti Saudi Arabia 1965 - 1975. And highlighted fourth chapter light on the (stance the Kuwaiti - Saudi From issues neighborly Khadija) through contains a four admonishing, the first section of which Addressed stance Kuwait - Saudi revolution Yemen 1962 - 1970 , and the second topic Addressed stance Kuwait - Saudi of Iran's occupation islands the three, and included The third topic stance Kuwait - Saudi of contentions the Iranian in Bahrain, while the fourth research tackles stance Kuwait - Saudi establishment of the United Arab Emirates