كربلاء خلال العهد العثماني1800 - 1869 : دراسة تاريخية
Supervisor name:
شاكر ضيدان جابر السويدي
General topic:
History
Specific topic:
Modern and Contemporary History
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Dhi Qar
First pages:
11T3286 - p.pdf
Abstract:
Praise to Allah, Lord of the Worlds and peace and blessings on the best of the Creatures and Senders, Aba - al - Qassim Mohammad ( God bless him and his family) and on his good and pure household.The modern history of Iraq has associated totally with the Ottoman Empire because Baghdad was one of States that belong to the Ottoman Empire during a long period of time lasted for four centuries. Many changes happened through this long history in different fields. The study of the local history of Iraq , ( study the history of its cities, historical and general study for the social, political and economical development) is an important introduction to know the general history of Iraq in details . it's impossible to study the history of any country precisely without studying historical development of its cities. From this point of view came the title of my thesis, which is searched in one of Iraqi historical cities : Kerbela, historical study , during the Ottoman period ( 1800 - 1869 ).The historical study of Kerbela has great importance for the depth of its religious and political history. The selection of the historical study to be comprehensive of political, economic and social conditions experienced by the city through the period of the study because most of the studies that are found are few or focus on political side of the city , or the social side alone or economically. So I tried in my study to combine these sides to give a clear picture of this ancient and holy city because it includes the body of Imam Hussein and his brother al - Abbas ( peace be upon them). This sanctity gave Kerbela history that distinguishes it from other Iraqi cities.My choice of this particular period ( 1800 ) is for it's the beginning of the 19th century and the start of the terrorist attacks to Iraq in general and Kerbela in particular for its sanctity with the city of Najaf, as well as the lack of studies highlighting the historical events that passed through this city during the study period.This thesis was based on a historical methodology in order to take into account the substantive sequence of events. This is divided into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion. Te first chapter was a necessary prelude to the general situation in the city of Kerbela at the beginning of the Mumluk era in 1749 until 1800 the beginning of the study . The chapter included naming , geographical location, and social structure for the knowledge of Kerbela society and its activity during the Ottoman rule . it's a time city characterized by social features associated with customs, traditions and social activities in this ancient city , for being the destination of thousands of visitors annually . as well as knowledge of economic conditions and the nature of the political system and tribal uprisings and military campaigns against the Wahhabi threat .The second chapter, which was entitled " Political conditions in Kerbela from 1800 - 1869 , consists of three topics . The first is devoted to terrorist attacks (1800 - 1817). While the second topic deals with the events that passed through Kerbela during the reign of the governor Dawood Basha ( 1817 - 1831 ) . The third one concludes the events that took place in Kerbela during the Ottoman rule. It focuses on the study of social conditions in Kerbela ( 1800 - 1869) . the first section is devoted to social structure in Kerbela district, while the second deals with the Khans and their importance in social life . The third chapter deals with the subject of Shiism in Baghdad Ayala .The fourth chapter was devoted to the economic situation in Kerbela (1800 - 1869 ) and divided into four sections; the first deals with agriculture , irrigation and agricultural products and the attitude of the Ottoman governors of agriculture . While the second section touches the trade and its importance. The third deals with industry and most important industries in the city as well as influencing factors in it . Section four discusses the financial resources of tax and imports of Uwda Kingdom and burial fees . Analysis of the Sources The thesis adopted many of unpublished and published documents including what are saved in Dar al - Kutob, national documents and Al - Haidariya Library in Najaf . Also the library of Kashif al - Ghata which concerns the political , social and economical sides during the 9th century for Kerbela . The published documents formed important pillar in the thesis chapters for having very important information . Besides, there are the important documentary books such as ; The " Iraq in Ottoman documentation" to Sinan Ma'arof Oglu and The book "Kerbela in the Ottoman archives " for the researcher Dilk Qaya . The thesis also depended on many Arab and inflective resources and trips books, some of them are highly important for the subject of the research for contemporary authors or close to them. For example " Dohat al - Wizera' in the History of Baghdad, Zawra " to Rasool Hawi al - Kurkukly . It also had a great importance for dealing with events in detail during the Mamulk reign . The importance of the book increases when we know that the author was contemporary of the events of the date or period of the thesis . The book ' Iraq between two occupations " to Abass al - Azawi . it depended on the main sources to identify the information. This was what gave a great importance to his books. Also the books of Ali al Wardi " Social Profiles in the History of Iraq" , ' A Study in the Nature of Iraqi society" . They had realistic details for Iraqi society in the Ottoman era, especially in the social life . And also the books of Dr. Abd al - Salam Imad Raouf " The Social Life during Mumulk era in Iraq "The university thesis and papers have a large share in this thesis. I relied on many of these thesis and papers which dealt with different aspects from the history of Iraq in Ottoman era, like " Economic and Social situations for history of Kerbela (1921 - 1939) to the researcher Hassan Dakhil Attai , which dealt with the economic situation in the contemporary history, but it gave an idea about the general situations during Ottoman era. Also the thesis of the researcher Suher Abass Kadhim " Social situations in the Area of the Middle Euphrates through the books of travelers (1831 - 1914) which dealt with cities of Middle Euphrates , like "Kerbela through the visits of foreign travelers to Iraq " and the thesis of Sami Nadhim al - Munsory ( Ottoman Policy towards minorities including the Shiits .
