First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص مثبطات تاكل جديدة من اعادة تدوير بولي اثلين ترفثاليت وتقييم كفاءتها في تثبيط تاكل الصلب الكربوني في الوسط الحامضي == Preparation and Characterization of New Corrosion Inhibitors from Polyethylene Terphthalate (PET) and Study its efficientcy As to Inhibit the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Acidic Media

Author name: منتظر فريد الاسدي

Supervisor name: مؤيد نعيم خلف

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The research included synthesis ,characterization and evaluation of new corrosion inhibitors(bis(2 - hydroxy ethyl) thioterphthalte and bis(2 - hydroxyethyl)terephthalate from recycled waste polyethylene terephthalate . The best percent of the two corrosion inhibitors were reached after many experiments, which included study many factors like temperature, catalyst , the equivalent weight of reactants and others. The synthesized corrosion inhibitors were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy . The two inhibitors were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors using sulfuric acid as corrosion media for carbon steel( carbon steel C1010) . The factors effect on the rate of corrosion like temperature , concentration of inhibitor were studied by the electrochemical technique using the Tafel plot. The obtained results at temperatures range ( 298, 308,318,328 K) were used to calculate many factors that determined the efficiency of the inhibitor like corrosion rate , charge transfer resistance and inhibitor efficiency. it was observed that the corrosion rate and charge transfer of the carbon steel for the inhibitors increases with increase of temperature and decreases with increase of the inhibitor concentration in the same temperature. The Results showed that both inhibitors had very high inhibition in reducing the corrosion rate . The inhibition efficiency reached (96%) for the bis(2 - hydroxy ethyl) thioterphthalate for the 24ppm and (91%) for the bis (2 - hydroxy ethyl) terephthalate for the 25ppm .Many thermodynamics functions was calculated ,activation energy a ,entropy S , enthalpy  and free energy G during the different experiment conditions ,which was indicated of the corrosion inhibition efficiency and the type of the inhibition. The obtained results showed that the two inhibitors were very efficient to reduce the corrosion rate in the acidic media and from the G data the type of adsorption was chemical because the value of Gads was higher than (20 KJ/mol) .

تحضير وتشخيص وتقييم بعض معقدات قواعد شف لايوني النحاس والموليبدينوم كمثبطات تاكل لسبيكة حديد الصلب الكربوني في الوسط الحامضي == Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Some Schiff Base’s Complexes of Copper and Molybdenum Ions as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel Alloy in Acidic Medium

Author name: محمد علي مهدي الحلفي

Supervisor name: زكي ناصر كاظم | هادي زيارة محمد

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: In this study, two types of Schiff base were prepared as ligands L1, L2, by reaction of an equal number of moles of tris(hydroxymethyl) methyl amine with salysildehyde and vanillin in a methanolL1 : ((E) - 2 - ((2 - hydroxybenzylidene) amino) - 2 - (hydroxymethyl) propane - 1,3 - diol) L2 : ((E) - 2 - ((4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxybenzylidene) amino) - 2 - (hydroxymethyl) propane - 1,3 - diol).The Cu(II) and Mo(VI) complexes were prepared to produce the : - A1 : tetrakis(μ3 - 2 - {[1,1 - bis(hydroxymethyl) - 2 - oxidoethyl] iminomethyl} - phenolato) tetrakis [aqua copper(II)].A2 : tetrakis(μ3 - 2 - {[1,1 - bis(hydroxymethyl) - 2 - oxidoethyl] iminomethyl} - 2 - meth - oxy} - phenolato) tetrakis [aqua copper(II)].B1 : (E) - 2 - methyl - 2 - ((2 - ((methyl(l1 - oxidanyl) dioxomolybdenio) oxy) benzylidene) amino) propane - 1,3 - diol).B2 : (E) - 2 - ((4 - hydroxy - 3 - ((methyl(l1 - oxidanyl) dioxomolybdenio) (methylene) - l4 - oxidanyl) benzylidene) amino) - 2 - methyl) propane - 1,3 - diol).The ligands and complexes were characterized by Fouries transformer infrared FTIR, UV and NMR techniques.All these techniques insisted that the ligands and their complexes were prepared successfully.On the other hand, the four complexes A1, B1, A2 and B2 were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors against a corrosive environment of 0.1M of hydrochloric acid at constant temperature of 25°C and different concentration for each one of the above complexesIIrange (10 - 50) ppm and it has been found that the efficiency of inhibition at a temperature 25℃ are not highly efficient, the KI was added in order to increase the efficiency of these inhibitors values to these inhibitors.The inhibition efficiency for all inhibitors was increased in presence of KI compared with the absence of it.On the other hand, the complexes of copper i.e., A1 and A2 have higher efficiency than molybdenum complexes i.e. (B1 and B2) this can be attributed to the ability of copper ion (II) to donate the electron density to the ligand by back donation competence these behaviour compared with molybdenum ion (VI) that has not the ability that present in copper ion, Also studied the effect of concentration of the inhibitor prepared in other temperatures change separately and these grades are within the range (35 - 55) ℃ has been observed that efficiency does not increase either the existence of KI with the inhibitor, or without, but the decreasing efficiency with increasing temperature, means that the inhibitor adsorbed physically on carbon steel alloy.The functions thermodynamic adsorption such as free energy, enthalpy and entropy were studies depending on the adsorbent layer θ on the surface of the carbon steel alloy. The data was shown all the complexes are subject to model for Langmuir adsorption was shows the free energy negative values means that the interaction is spontaneous and notes total increasing of the temperature less than the negative value of the free energy leading to towards the is non - spontaneous. The negative values of enthalpy means that the interaction is exothermic, the negative value of the entropy of adsorption ΔSads and gradually moving toward positive values with a high temperature means that the random was less in high temperature. Also the kinetics of corrosion in the absence and present of the inhibitor was studied with KI in (0.1) M HCl. The activation energy and other thermodynamic function such as enthalpy and entropy and free energy was shown that the higher activation energy in presence inhibitor and it was higher in presence of KI with inhibitor. This is an indication that the interaction of corrosion is small in the presence of these inhibitors.

تحضير بعض صبغات الازو المشتقة من البروكائين ودراسة امتزازها بالكاربون المنشط المحضر من نوى النبق المحلي == Synthesis of some azo dyes derived from Procaine and study the adsorption of these dyes by activated carbon prepared from local Z.spina - christi fruits pits

Author name: عبد الله عبد اللطيف عبد الله الخلف

Supervisor name: طارق زباري جاسم

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Author name: نور عبد الحكيم عبد الرزاق عبد الله الباهلي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تحضير ودراسة تحليلية وتطبيقية لبعض الاصباغ الازوية المشتقة من المستحضرات الدوائية وتقدير ايون الفضة كمعقد == Preparation and Analytical and Application of Some Azodyes Derived From Pharmaceuticals drugs and Determination of Silver Ion as Complex

Author name: نهى وليد علي حسين

Supervisor name: اسعد عبود علي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: تم تحضير ثلاث صبغات ازويه وهي procaine hydrochloride and 8 - Amino - 1 - napthol - 3 - 6 - disulfonic acid disodium salt (L1)و صبغتين ازوتيتين جديدتين procaine hydrochloride and 4 - aminoantipyrine (L2) and Metoclopramide hydrochloride and 8 - Amino - 1 - napthol - 3 - 6 - disulfonic acid disodium salt(L3). درست هذه الصبغات طيفيا، وتم تشخيصها بتقنية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون (1H NMR) وتقنية الاشعة تحت الحمراء (FT - IR)، وفي هذه التقنية بالتحديد تم تشخيص اهم المجاميع الفعالة الموجودة في الصبغات، واهمها مجموعة الازو ( - N=N - ) التي ظهرت عند (1526.86، 1500 ، (1497.45سم - 1 للصبغات (L1 - L3) على التوالي . كما ودرس التحليل الحراري للصبغات (L3 - L1) واظهر الثبات الحراري الى درجة حرارة (255.2،151.2 ،290) م˚ على التوالي وقد قيست درجات حرارة مراحل التفكك (الابتدائية، العظمى ،النهائية) وكذلك بينت درجة حرارة التفحم، ودرجة حرارة فقدان 50 % من وزن المادة .اما الدراسة الطيفية فقد تم من خلالها تحديد الاطوال الموجية العظمى للصبغات وهي (530) نانوميتر لصبغتين (L1،L3) و(360) نانوميتر لصبغة (L2 )، ودرس تاثير الاس الهيدروجيني في اطياف الامتصاص الالكترونية للصبغات المحضرة في المنطقة المرئية، بمدى من الاطوال الموجية (650 - 350) نانوميتر لصبغات (L3 - L1) باستعمال محاليل منظمة ذات قيم اس هيدروجيني مختلفة (2 - 12)، ومن هذه الاطياف تم حساب ثابت تاين مجموعة الهيدروكسيل ل (8 - Amino - 1 - napthol - 3 - 6 - disulfonic acid disodium salt) و4 - amino anti pyrine )) وثابت برتنة ذرات النيتروجين لمركبات (Procaine hydro chloride وMetoclopramide) باستعمال طريقة منتصف الارتفاع .كما وتم تعيين النقاط الايزوبستيه وميكانيكيات التاين والبرتنه المقترحة . وتم دراسة اطياف الاشعة المرئية لهذه الصبغات مع مجموعة مذيبات مختلفة القطبية ( الماء الخالي من الايونات ,الكحول الاثيلي، 4 - 1 دايوكسان ، رباعي هيدرو فيوران ، ثنائي مثيل سلفوكسايد ، الاسيتون، ثنائي مثيل فورمالديهايد) بمدى من الاطوال الموجية (650 - 350) نانوميتر لصبغتين (L1,L3 ) بمدى ((530 - 300 نانوميتر لصبغة (L2 )، واظهرت اطيافها حزمة امتصاص رئيسية اعزيت للانتقال *π π في مجموعة الازو باستعمال مذيبات مختلفة القطبية، حيث وجدت علاقة خطية بين الاطوال الموجية العظمى وثوابت العزل الثنائي وهذا يعني ان ثابت العزم الثنائي هو الذي يتحكم بانحراف حزم القمم . المحور الثاني : تضمن دراسة طيفية لمعقد الصبغة (L3) مع الفضة، وكان لون المعقد الناتج بنفسجي بعد ما كان لون الصبغة احمر. وقد تم تحديد الظروف المثلى لتكوين هذا المعقد منها تحديد الطول الموجي الاعظم، وكان (560) نانوميتر، وتاثير الاس الهيدروجيني بمدى من محاليل المنظمة (12 - 2) باستخدام المحلول المنظم الجامع وكان بقيمه (12) مستخدما المحلول الجامع كافضل محلول منظم . ودرس تاثير الزمن من ( 1440 - 1) دقيقة، ووجد عدم تغير في قيم امتصاص الصبغة مما يدل على استقراريه المعقد المتكون، فضلا عن تاثير تعاقب الاضافة اللازمة للدراسات الطيفية التي يتم من خلالها تحديد نسب التراكيب الجزيئية للمعقد المتكون اعتمادا على طريقة النسب المولية ، اذ اظهرت النتائج ان المعقد يتكون بنسبة (1 : 1) (فلز : ليكاند (.وكذلك تناولت الدراسة مدى انطباق قانون بير وحساسية الطريقة الطيفية للصبغة الازوية (L3) مع الفضة (I) وقيم معامل الامتصاص المولاري ( ) (104 2.2 ͯ) لتر.مول . 1 - سم1 - ، وقيم معامل الامتصاصية النوعي (a) (0.2037) مل .غم_1.سم_1، وحساسية ساندل (S)(4.909×10 - 3) مايكرو غرام.سم - 2 ، وقيم الانحراف المعياري (S.D) ( 0.00709)، وحد الكشف (DL) (0.0663) مايكرو غرام.مل - 1.اوضحت الدراسة تاثير تداخل بعض الايونات المهمة ( Li+ ،Na+ ،K+ ، +Mg2، Mn2+ ، Cd2+ ،Ba2+، Pb2+ ، Co+2، Ca2+ ، Cr3+ ، Zr4+ ، Ti+ ، Uo+2 ،VO2+ ، Cu2+ ، Fe3+) التي يمكن ان تتداخل وتؤثر في قيم امتصاص المعقد ولوحظ ان هناك تفاوت في شدة تداخلها. فقد وجد ان الايونات Ni2+، Cu2+ ،Fe3+ يمكن ان تتداخل وبشده , هذا يعني ممكن تكوينها معقدات مع الصبغة L3. اضافة الى ذلك تم حساب ثوابت تكوين هذا المعقد وذلك باستعمال طريقة المحاليل المتناظرة والمتضمنة طريقة نصف قيم دالة التكوين اذ وجد ان قيمة log β1 = (5.62) لمعقد الفضة مع الصبغة الازوية. ودرس طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء للمعقد ومقارنته مع طيف الصبغة بدون وجود ايون الفضة ويلاحظ تاثر مواقع حزم الامتصاص وشدتها للمجاميع المهمة الموجودة في الصبغة مما يبين الارتباط بين ايون الفضة وجزيئة الصبغة المعنية. المحور الثالث : تم دراسة بعض التطبيقات لصبغات الازوية ومنها امكانية استعمال محاليل الصبغات (L3 - L1)، كدلائل ) حامض قوي - قاعدة قوية) و(حامض ضعيف - قاعدة قوية )، فقد وجد ان الاصباغ الازويه تعطي نتائج ممتازة وذات خطا نسبي واطئ مع تغيير حاد عند نقطة التعادل . كما ودرس تطبيق اخر وهو استخدام الصبغة (L3)، في تقدير ايون الفضة في بعض المستحضرات الصيدلانية مثل Floumizin Cream 1% ( w/w) , Hamazine Cream 1% ( w/w) وSulphative Cream 1% ( w/w) فقد وجد ان مستحضرين يعطيان دقة وضبط عاليتين وهذا ما نلاحظه في قيم الخطا النسبي . وكذلك امكانية استعمال الصبغات (L3 - L1)، في دراسة الفعالية البيولوجية مع صنفين من البكتريا احداها ذات صبغة كرام موجبة Staphylococcus Aureuse والاخرى ذات صبغة كرام سالبة Escherichia Coli واظهرت النتائج فعالية الصبغة (L2)، تجاه بكتريا Staphylococcus Aureuse وكذلك عوملت الصبغات مع نوع من الفطريات هي (Candida albicans) واظهرت النتائج فعالية عالية للصبغة (L2،L3)، تجاه الفطر. | The research work was divided into three parts : The first part : Involves the preparation of new azodyes L1 - L3( except for L1) . The dye (L1،L2) was derived from (8 - Amino - 1 - napthol - 3 - 6 - disulfonic acid di sodium salt) with Procaine hydro chloride (L1) ,and with (4 - amino anti pyrine )) (L2) and Metoclopramide with (8 - Amino - 1 - napthol - 3 - 6 - disulfonic acid di sodium salt) ( L3). They have been described by NMR and Visible , UV. spectroscopic spectra and fourier transform infrared spectra (FT - IR) which investigation of more important active groups such as ( - N=N - ) which appeared by (1497.45,1500,1526.86) cm - 1 for(L1 - L3) respectively.The Thermal analysis of the prepared azodyes (L1 - L3) showed their thermal stability in (255.2 ,151.2 and 290) C°,The intial maximum and final temperatures of dissociation of each stage were calculated . The acid - base properties were studied at different pH values (2 - 12) From these spectra , the isobestic points , the protonation and ionization constants of azo dyes were determined by using half - height method .The solvents effect were studied at different solvents polarities (Ethanol, THF, DCM, 1 - 4 Dioxane , Acetone, DMF ,Water) with in wave length rang (350 - 650nm) for (L1،L2( and (300 - 530) for (L2) it was found linearity relationship between λmax of the bands and dielectric constants for all solvents. This denotes that the dielectric constant of the medium is the main factor governing the band shift in such solvents.The second part : includes the study of spectra of complexes azodye (L3) with Silver (I) ion , to form colored complex . The complex was studied under optimum conditions for forming the such as selection of the max. wavelength (560 nm). The pH effect, time effect and the effect of sequence of addition, were studied . The stoichiometrey of formed complex was carried out by using of molar ratios method .The results showed that the complex is composed of (1 : 1) (metal : Ligand ).As well as, the study examined the applicability of the Beer’s law . The Beer's validity and sensitivity azo dyes (L3) with Silver (I) were calculated . The values of molar absorptivity ( ) (2.2×104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1, specific absorptivity (a) (0.2037) ml.g - 1.cm - 1,Sandell sensitivity (S) (4.909×10 - 3) g cm - 2, standard Deviation (S.D) (0.00709) and Detection Limit (DL) (0.0663) g ml - 1 were determined .The study of the interference of some important ions like ( Li+ ،Na+ ،K+ ، +Mg2، Mn2+ ، Ni2+ ، Cd2+ ،Ba2+، Pb2+ ، Co+2، Ca2+ ، Cr3+ ، Zr4+ ، Ti+ ، Uo+2 ،VO2+ ، Cu2+ ، Fe3+) were studied, at different concentrations (1fold, 5fold, 10 fold) . Some of above ions were found to be interfere or affect on the values of absorption complex like (Ni2+، Cu2+ ،Fe3+) . The stability constant (Log β1) of the complex was calculated by applying the corresponding solution method and found with value of (5.62) for silver (I) with Dye (L3) .Third part : Includes the study of some applications of dyes , like the ability of using deys (L1 - L3) as acid - base indicators for strong acid with strong base and weak acid with strong base under suitable concentrations . By using of azodye ( L3 ) as reagent for the deteminaion of silver content in some Pharmaceutical Reagents like ( Floumizin Cream 1% ( w/w) , Hamazine Cream 1% ( w/w) and Sulphative Cream 1% ( w/w). It was found that the first two cream drugs give good results with low values of relative standard error . The ability of using dyes, by established the biological activities of (L1 - L3) toward two types of bacteria (Staphyococcus Aureuse) and (Escherichia Coli) .The results showed the effectiveness of (L2) towards bacteria (Staphyococcus Aureuse). The study carried out on the dyes (L1 - L3) toward (Candida albicans) ,the results showed the effectiveness of (L2 - L3) towards fungi .

عزل وتشخيص بعض المركـبات الفعالة من وريقات نخيل البريم ودراسة تاثيرها المضاد لفرط سكر الدم == Isolation and identification of some Active Compounds from Phoenix dactiylifera (Breim) Leaflets and study of their Antihyperglycemic Effect

Author name: نهى اياد محمد العبيد

Supervisor name: عباس دواس مطر المالكي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: في هذه الدراسة تم استعمال وريقات نخيل البريم العراقي(Breim) Phoenix dactylifera لتقصي تاثيره المخفض لسكر الدم في الارانب الطبيعية والمصابة بفرط السكرالمستحدث بالالوكسان. تم تحضير (11 ) مستخلصا من وريقات هذا النبات وهي المستخلص المائي البارد والمائي الحار والمستخلص الايثانولي البارد والايثانولي الحار ومستخلص الدهون ، ومستخلصات الفينولات والقلويدات والفلافونيدات والكلايكوسيدات والصابونين والتانينات .تم اجراء الكشوفات الكيميائية النوعية الاولية للمستخلصات المحضرة وتعيين العوائل الكيميائية الفعالة الموجودة في وريقات النبات، تم استعمال مجموعتين من الارانب الصائمة الطبيعية والمصابة بفرط السكر وقسمت كل منها الى مجموعة سيطرة ومجموعة معالجة، ثم تم تسجيل تاثير المستخلصات في تخفيض سكر الدم في هذه الارانب، اذ اظهرت النتائج ان المستخلص الايثانولي الحار كان الاكثر تخفيضا لمستوى سكر كلوكوز الدم من المستخلصات العامة الاخرى في الارانب الطبيعية.سجل كل من المركبات القلويدية والفينولية المعزولة التخفيض الاكبر في مستوى سكر كلوكوز الدم مقارنة مع بقية المستخلصات في الارانب الطبيعية والمصابة بفرط السكر حيث ادت هذه المركبات الفعالة الى تخفيض عالي المعنوية (P<0.001 ) في الساعة الرابعة والعشرين , وانخفاض عالي المعنوية P<0.01)) في الساعة الرابعة والساعة السادسة , وتخفيض معنوي P<0.05)) في الساعة الثانية في الارانب الطبيعية الصائمة , وانخفاض بفارق معنوي (P<0.001 ) في الساعة السادسة والرابعة والعشرين , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.01)) في الساعة الرابعة , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.05)) في الساعة الثانية وفي الارانب المصابة بفرط السكر . اما التانينات فقد اظهرت التخفيض الاقل مقارنة مع بقية المستخلصات الاخرى . اظهرت نتائج التحليل النوعي لكروموتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة ((TLC عن وجود مركب قلويدي في مستخلص القلويدات وعن وجود اربعة مركبات في مستخلص الفينولات وشخصت المركبات الفينولية والمركب القلويدي الفعالة المعزولة باستعمال كشف منصهر الصوديوم وكشف المجاميع الفعالة وطيف الكتلة - كروموتوغرافيا الغاز GC - Massوطيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء IR وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون (H1 - NMR) وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للكاربون (C13 - NMR ) ولذلك من هذا التشخيص وجد ان المركب القلويدي المعزول هو 2 - Methoxy - 4 - [(E) - (1H - tetraazol - 1 - ylimino)methyl]phenol اما المركبات الفينولية المعزولة هي 3 - hydroxy tyrosine , 4 - n - propylresorcinol , alpha - tocopherol , 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisophthaldehyde لقد سجل المركب الفينولي4 - n - propylresorcinol] تخفيضا عالي المعنوية في مستويات كلوكوز الدم، اذ اظهر تخفيضا بفارق معنوي عالي (P<0.001 ) في الساعة الرابعة والعشرين , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.01)) في الساعة السادسة وانخفاض معنوي P<0.05)) في الساعة الثانية والرابعة في الارانب الطبيعية ، كما سجل هذا المركب الفعال تخفيضا معنويا عاليا (P<0.001 ) في الساعة السادسة والرابعة والعشرين , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.01)) في الساعة الرابعة , وانخفاض معنوي P<0.05)) في الساعة الثانية في الارانب المصابة بفرط السكر . في حين اظهرت المركبات الفينولية الاخرى 3 - hydroxy tyrosine, 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisophthaldehyde , alpha - tocopherol تخفيضا معنويا عاليا في الارانب السليمة والمصابة بفرط السكر ولكن بنسبة اقل من المركب 4 - n - propylresorcinol . كما اظهرت الدراسة ان المركبات الفينولية الفعالة والمركب القلويدي الفعال ليس لها اي تاثير سمي في تحلل كريات الدم الحمراء في الانسان . | In this study Iraqi Phoenix dactylifera (Breim) leaflets were used to investigate their hypoglycemic action in normal glycemic and Alloxan - induced diabetic rabbits. Eleven extracts from this plant were prepared are cold aqueous, hot aqueous , cold ethanolic, hot ethanolic ,fats extracts, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. Preliminary qualitative tests were carried out for prepared extracts and active chemical families were detected for plant leaflets. Two groups of fasted normal glycemic and fasted hyperglycemic rabbits and they were divided into control and treatment groups then hyperglycemic action in these rabbits were recorded. The results showed that the hot ethanolic extract was the highest hypoglycemic action than other extracts in normal glycemic rabbits. Phenolic and alkaloidic compounds isolated, recorded the great hypoglycemic action compound with other extracts in normal glycemic and hyperglycemic where these active compounds led to a decreasing with a a significant difference (P<0.001)at 24 hr , a significant decreasing (P<0.01) at 4 and 6 hr and a significant decreasing (P<0.05) at 2 hr in fasted normal glycemic rabbits , also a significant decreasing (P<0.001)at 6 and 24 hour ,a significant decreasing (P<0.01) at 4 hr and a significant decreasing (P<0.05) at 2 hr in hyperglycemic rabbits whereas tannins showed the lowest decreasing compared to other extracts . Thin layer chromatography (TLC)results showed presence of one alkaloidic compound in alkaloids extract and four phenolic compounds in phenols extracts . Action phenolic compounds and alkaloidic compound were identified by using sodium fuse , function groups test , gas chromatography ,mass (GC - Mass) spectrum technique ,infra - red (IR),proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H1 - NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (C13 - NMR) spectra . Therefore from this identification , it was found that the isolated alkaloidic compound is 2 - Methoxy - 4 - [(E) - (1H - tetraazol - 1 - ylimino)methyl]phenol whereas the phenolic compounds are 3 - hydroxy tyrosine , 4 - n - propylresorcinol , alpha - tocopherol , 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisophthaldehyde. the phenolic compound 4 - n - propylresorcinol recorded a high, a significant decreasing in blood glucose levels , where it showed a decrease with a , a significant difference (P<0.001)at 24 hr, a significant decreasing (P<0.01) at 6 hr and a significant decreasing (P<0.05) at 2 and 4 hr in fasted normal glycemic rabbits , also this active chemical compound recorded a high significant decreasing (P<0.001)at 6 and 24 hour ,a significant decrease (P<0.01) at 4 hr and a significant decrease (P<0.05) at 2 hr in hyperglycemic rabbits , while other the phenolic compounds 3 - hydroxy tyrosine, alpha - tocopherol , 2 - hydroxy - 5 - methylisophthaldehyde showed a significant decreasing in normal glycemic rabbits and hyperglycemic rabbits but it was less than the compound 4 - n - propylresorcinol , also the study showed that the active alkaloidic compound and active phenolic compounds have no toxic effect in hemolysis of blood red cells of human being.

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة طيفية وكهربائية وحرارية لبعض مركبات البورفرازين الجسرية == Synthesis, Characterization with Spectroscopic and Thermal and Electrical Studies for Some of Bridged Porphrazine Compounds

Author name: مصطفى هاشم موكر

Supervisor name: نزار عبد الامير حسين

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study includes a preparation of some Tetrapyrazino Porphrazine Compounds and new Bridged Compounds with General Formula (MPzDCB)n ,(MPzCN)n where M is Fe(II) and Co(II) and VO(IV) .These compounds prepared by different method diagnosed by (elemental analysis (CHN), InFrared of spectrum , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Electronic Absorption Spectrometry (u.v), X - ray Diffraction Measurements, Thermographimetric analysis , Finally diaynosed electrical Properties) .The Results showed for the analysis of microelements good Convergence between the theoretical and practical Values.For the Infrared spectroscopy compounds tetrapyrazino porphrazine (PzFe,PzCo,PzVO) We noticed the disappearance of C≡N Pack and its appearance as preparing the Bridged Compounds (MPzDCB)n and (MPzCN)n with frequency (2044) cm - 1 mean with less frequency . For spectrum visible and ultraviolet for pxepared Compounds by using (DMF) as a solvent showed two types of the first absorption packages within the range (600 - 700)nm celled Q band is due to transitions ( π - π*) and the second within the range (300 - 400)nm celled package B and attributed to the transitions ( π - π*) for the existence of bye bonds in Composite loops and (n - π* ) the presence of nitrogen atoms in the circle . As for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of the proton in the iron Compound (PzFe) we noticed appearance of chemical shift one when 8.3 PPm this return to the protons gasoline circled in the Compound .For Bridged Compound (PzFeDCB)n noticed the appearance of two chemical shift first at 7.9 PPm Located in the higher area return to proton circle in Compound and the second at 8.50 PPm Located in the low area , return of protons (DCB) this is consistent with the proposed structural formula .For x - ray from which achieved an account dimension between levels crystalline d - species by studying the x - ray deviation and through it can calculate the energy levels located around the Fermi level and through α that represents inverted dimension between crystalline level .AS for the weighted thermal analysis we noticed all prepared Compound have high thermal stability and high stability studied the electric properties of prepared Compounds was measured conductivity continuous stream and found electrical conductivity of increased Compounds with rising temperature indicating that semiconductor powersupply materials.

Author name: فرح هاشم حسين الهاشمي

Supervisor name: عباس فاضل عباس | مؤيد عبد العالي حسين

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

التحلل الضوئي لمحاليل 2,3 - ثنائي مثيل فينول باستخدام العوامل النانوية وغير النانوية ZnS وSnO2 , TiO المساعدة الضوئية == photo degradation of 2,3 - di methyl phenol solutions using nano and non nano photo catalysts of TiO2 , SnO2 and ZnS

Author name: فائز سمير صالح

Supervisor name: علي حسين الموالي | مؤيد نعيم خلف

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Author name: سنان كاظم شنان

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Analytical Biochemistry

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Emission of gasoline and its combustion products are consideredmajor air pollutants with adverse effects on the antioxidant systems in thehuman. The effects of exposure to the vapors of motor gasoline (vehiclesfuel in Basrah), on workers were investigated. The current study included50 workers exposure to gasoline in the gasoline filling stations, ranging inage from 18 to 56 years at a mean of (30.45 ± 9.31), in addition to thecontrol group, which consisted of 50 healthy individuals (non - workingstations filling) ranging in age from 18 to 50 years at a mean of (30.27 ±10.37).The study aims to find a number of biochemical indications and theirrelationship with exposure to gasoline by estimating the activity of the enzyme (δ - aminolaevuIinate dehydratase (ALAD)) which is considered as an indicator of the extent of poisoning by heavy metals, study the activity of enzymatic antioxidant (Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione reductase (GRx), Glutathione S - transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT)), non - enzymatic antioxidants glutathione reduce glutathione (GSH), study the level of Malondialdehyde (MAD), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), trace elements (Selenium (Se), Znic (Zn), Copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg)) and heavy metals (lead (pb), mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd)) and the results were as follows : 1 - Highly significant decreasing (p <0.001) in workers in the levels of trace elements (Se, Cu, Zn) compared with healthy control, while significantly decreased (p <0.05) in the level of Mg with high significantly increased in the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) (p <0.001). On the other hand, The results indicated that trace elements (Cu, Mg, Zn, Se) were decreased with increasing of the period of gasoline station workers while for heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd) increased were observed.2 - The level of MAD, the end product of lipid peroxidation, was high significantly elevated (P<0.01) contact with a significant decreasing (p <0.05) in the level of TAC in workers when compared with healthy controls. MDA increased with the increase of the period of gasoline station workers. MDA concentrations were increased significantly, indicating the amount of cellular damage. Increase the level of MDA from pollution as the period of pollution, increased might decrease TAC in workers compared with healthy control.3 - Workers group showed a highly significant decrease in the activity of enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GRx, GST, ALAD) and level of GSH (p<0.001) compared with healthy controls. The results showed that increasing the duration of the work in the filling station to produceadecrease in the activity of the enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GRx, GST, ALAD) and level GSH. Also, the current study include the assessment of the impact of heavy metals and MDA on the levels of trace elements (Cu, Mg, Zn, Se), (GSH, TAC) and the activity of the enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GRx, GST, ALAD) through the study of the correlation coefficient (p) and the results were as follows : 1 - The level of MDA showed a highly significant negative correlation with the activity of enzymes SOD (P<0.001) and (GRx, ALAD with p<0.01), a highly significant positive correlation with levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd), a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) with levels of (Se, Zn, Mg, GSH) and activity of enzymes (CAT, GRx) and a negative correlation with no significant (P>0.05) with level of Cu and activity of GST in workers.2 - The level of Pb shows a highly significant negative correlation with the levels of trace elements Cu, Zn, Se and activity of enzymes GRx, ALAD (P <0.01), while (p <0.001) with the level of TAC, GSH and activity of enzyme GST, GPx, SOD, a significant negative correlation with level of CAT (P <0.05) and a negatively correlated with no significant with the level of Mg in workers of gasoline stations.3 - The study illustrate also a highly significant negative correlation between Hg level and levels of (Zn, Mg, Cu, TAC) and SOD activity (P < 0.001), while there was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) with the level of Se and CAT, GPx, GRx, ALAD activity and a negative correlation, but not significantly with level of GSH and GST activity in serum of gasoline station workers.4 - The level of Cd showed similar behavior of other heavy metals a highly significant inverse correlation with the levels of Se, Cu, TAC and the activity of SOD (p <0.001), a significantly with the level of Zn, GSH and ALAD, CAT, GPx activity (p<0.05), while there was a negative correlation , but not significant (P > 0.05) with levels of Mg and GRx , GST activity in workers.

تحضير بعض قواعد شف الثنائية المتماثلة وغير المتماثلة الجديدة ومعقداتها مع الاوكسوفناديوم ودراسة فعاليتها التحفيزية في تفاعل اكسدة البنزوين == Preparation some of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Schiff bases and their oxovanadium complexes and a study of their catalytic activity of Benzoin oxidation reaction

Author name: سماح عباس جهاد

Supervisor name: قحطان عبد عسكر | بشرى كامل جدوع

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: حضرت في هذه الدراسة مجموعة من قواعد شف الثنائية المتماثلة وغير المتماثلة المشتقة من تكاثف اورثوفانلين وبارافانلين وسلسلدهايد وباراكلوروبنزالديهايد وميتانايتروبنزالديهايد مع 2،1 - فنلين ثنائي الامين على التوالي وكذلك قاعدة شف احادية من تكاثف اورثوفانلين مع 2،1 - فنلين ثنائي الامين.شخصت هذه المركبات بتقنيات طيف الكتلة والرنين النووي المغناطيسي ومطيافية تحت الحمراء .اظهرت جميع اطياف IR للمركبات المحضرة حزمه قويه تعزى الى التذبذب الاتساعي لمجموعة - C=N - مما يؤكد تكون قواعد شف. كذلك اظهرت جميع اطياف HNMR1 اشارة بروتون مجموعة الازوميثين ( - HC=N - ) .اظهرت اطياف الكتلة لجميع المركبات ذروة الايون الجزيئ بوفرة نسبية عالية تتفق مع الوزن الجزيئي لكل مركب مما يؤكد صحة التركيب المتوقع.حضرت ثلاثة معقدات للاوكسوفناديوم مع قواعد شف H , A1 , A5 جميع المعقدات المحضرة مستقرة غير متميعة وشخصت باستعمال IR وتحليل العناصر الدقيق وقيسـت التوصيليـة المـولارية لها في مذيب الداي مثيل فورمايد وبتركيز (10 - 3 M ) وكذلك قيس الثبات الحراري لها عن طريق التحاليل الحراريه. ان التوصيلية المولارية الواطئة لمحاليل المعقدات توضح الطبيعة غير الالكتروليتية للمعقدات وخلوها من الشقوق السالبة .وتبين اطياف تحت الحمراء للمعقدات المحضرة مواقع الارتباط اذ ازيحت حزمة C=N الى اعداد موجبة اقل مقارنة مع الليكاند الاصل مما يؤكــد مشاركتها في تكويـــن اواصر تناسقيــة. وظهـــور حزمـــة عريضة عنــد 3500 cm - 1 يؤكد وجود ماء متناسق. ومن دراسة السلوك الحراري للمعقدات لم تظهر المعقدات اي فقدان في الوزن في درجة حرارة الغرفة الى درجه 120 مئوية مما يؤكد خلوها من جزيئات الماء المرتبطة على شكل ماء تبلور . كما اكدت التحاليل عند درجة حرارة 200 0C على فقدان جزيئة ماء متناسقة في المعقدين A1VO, A5VO. وقد اكدت نتائج تحليل العناصر الدقيقة صحة التراكيب المقترحة للمعقدات : درست فعالية المعقدات كعوامل مساعدة لاكسدة البنزوين الى بنزل بواسطه H2O2 في درجات حرارية مختلفة ومذيبات مختلفة وكذلك تاثير الزمن. | Smmetrical Unsmmetric shiff bases have been synthesized from the condensation of o - Vanillin , p - Vanillin , Salcildehyde , p - chlorobenzaldehyde and m - Natrobenzaldehyde with 1,2 - phenylendiamine . All the compounds were characterize on the basis of IR , Mass , HNMR and elemental analysis .The in frared spectra of all compounds shows a strong bond confirmed the formation of imine . The HNMR spectra shows a signal attributed to a zomethine protons at expected region of imine protone The mass spectra of all compounds shows a molculir ion which a ggrement with molecular wight of the suggested structure.The complexes were characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis , IR , Tg/DTg analysis and molar condactance. The low value of molar conductance revelad that the complexes are non electrolyte in nature. The IR spectra of the complexes confirmed the site of chelation hence the complexes showed strong bands due to - C=N - which shifted to lower wave number compared with corresponding Schiff base , also the broad bands at 3500 cm - 1 confirmed the precence of coordinated water.The thermal behavior of the complexes was investigated by means of Tg/DTg measurments under N2 atmosfere up to 600 0C , no loss of weight up to 120 0C which indicated that the totally absence of lattical water molecule in all complexes, complex A1OV and A5OV shows a mass loss around 200 0C which equivalent to loss of one coordinated water molecule. Basid on IR , elemental analysis, molar conductance and thermal analysis a sequar pyramid was proposed for all complexes. The complexes were used as hetrogenous catalyst in the oxidation of benzoin to benzil by H2O2 as an oxidant agent. The reaction was moniterd spectrophotometricaly in the UV region. The effect of temperature , solvents and time was investigated. The catalytic activity was found to follow the order A5VO > HVO > A1VO

Author name: خنساء صقر سعود

Supervisor name: نزار لطيف شهاب الدين

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

دراسة تحليلية وحرارية وحساب الثوابت الثرموداينميكية والفعالية البايولوجية لمعقدات قواعد شف جديدة لعناصرCo,Ni,Cu == Analytical study ,Thermodynamic and Biological Calculation for new Schiff base Complexes of ( Co,Ni,Cu )

Author name: حسين ناصر حمادي

Supervisor name: هناء حميد حداد

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Author name: حلا صبري نجم عبد الله

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The abstract of the present work for the synthesis of the new heterocyclic phenolic 1,3,4 - oxadiazole and their chelating polymers is outlined below : Part One : Organic Synthesis.1) Conversion of hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives to their corresponding esters (4 - 9) using standard procedure (Fiesher esterfication). 2) Reaction of hydroxyl benzoate derivatives (4 - 9) with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding acid hydrazides (13 - 15). 3) The reaction of acid hydrazide derivatives (13 - 15) with carbon disulfide in the presence of alcoholic (KOH) yielded their corresponding 5 - (substituted) - phenyl - 2 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - oxadiazoles (19 - 21). 4) 2 - (methyl/butyl thio) - 5 - (substituted) - phenyl - 1,3,4 - oxadiazoles (24 - 27) were synthesized by alkylation reaction in basic media of oxadiazoles with methyl iodide and n - butyl bromide respectively. 5) The acid hydrazides (13 - 15) were treated with carbon disulfide and alcoholic (KOH) to form their corresponding polar salts, namely potassium - 3 - aroyl dithio carbazinate derivatives (16 - 18). 6) The dehydration cyclization reaction of the above polar salts (16 - 18) using hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding 5 - (substituted) - phenyl - 4 - amino - 2 - mercapto - 1,2,4 - triazoles (22, 23). 7) Eight new chelating polymers (28 - 35) have been synthesized by the condensation of phenolic oxadiazoles (19 - 20) and phenol or disubstituted hydroxyl phenol (hydroquinone, resorcinol, and catechol) with formaldehyde in (1 : 1) molar ratio in the presence of (KOH) as a catalyst. The structures of the prepared organic and polymeric compounds that have been synthesized were established by physical (melting points, color), elemental analysis (C.H.N, S), FT - IR, H1 - NMR, C13 - NMR and the results obtained are compatible with assigned structures. Part Two : Analytical Study. The chelation ability of these eight polymers were studied for Ag+, Al3+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions using batch equilibrium method using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F.A.A.S). The different factors affecting loading capacities for the studied ions such as type of polymers, pH and treatment time were studied and the results obtained from figures (4 - 1) to (4 - 104) listed in chapter five shows that the loading capacity in (mg ion / g resin) increased with : 1) Increasing the pH value of the studied ion solution.2) Increasing the treatment time. Thermal stability of the eight synthesized polymers (28 - 35) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), they showed good thermal stability, these results are discussed in relation with the presence of 1,3,4 - oxadiazole ring in the side group of the prepared networks

Author name: انتصار عبيد سلمان الفتلاوي

Supervisor name: نغم محمود جواد الجمالي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Organic Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Chemistry Department

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: The compounds of heterocyclic that have the qualities of a great biological and pharmacological importance, where we see through the growing literature in Chemistry published research in this area significantly, so we decided to prepare new derivatives of them.In this study prepared (16) a new deriva????ve of sulfur heterocyclic compounds such as Thiazole, Thiadiazole Thiazine, Thiadiazine, Thiazepine and Thiadiazepine, and three other intermediate compounds to prepare Some of these derivatives, these compounds ((Five, Six and Seven - Membered Heterocycles))The research included two Section of study : The first section : included prepara????on (19) compounds (I1 - I19), by four parts : The first part : included preparation (I1) of benzil interaction with thiosemicarbazide and then the interaction of output with nitrous acid record spontaneously from mixing hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite, to form a diazonium salt and then reactance this salt with (Acetyl acetone) to prepare azo compound (I2), and Then reactance output with thiourea, thiosemicarbazide, Thioacetamide and cysteine respectively for the preparation of compounds (I3 - I6).The second part : included reactance (diethyl terephthalate) with thiosemicarbazide, cysteine to prepare the compound (I7) and compound (I9), respectively, and then reactance outputs with Sulfobenzoic anhydride, thiosemicarbazide respectively to produce the compound (I8) and compound (I10), respectively. The third part : included reactance (1,3 - diphenylpropane - 1,3 - dione) with thiosemicarbazide to give the compound (I11) and then output reactance with benzaldehyde to give the compound (I12) and then output with reactance Sulfobenzoic anhydride to give the compound (I13). The fourth part : includes reactance (p - amino acetophenon)with nitrous acid record spontaneously from mixing hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite, to form a salt of diazonium and then reactance this salt with diethyl mal Acetyl acetone to give compound (I14) and compound (I17), respectively, and then reactance thiosemicarbazide, benzaldehyde respectively, to give the compound (I15) and compound (I18), respectively, and then outputs reactance with Sulfobenzoic anhydride, thiourea to give compound (I16) and compound (I19), respectively. All interactions followed up by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for each prepared compounds and diagnosed by spectrum infrared (FT.IR) spectrum, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H.NMR), nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon (13C.NMR) and Elemental Analysis(C.H.N), and then measure the melting point. The second section : This section of the research included the study of the inhibitory action of the some of biological compounds against the gram - positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureuse) and gram - negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and all showed the effectiveness of the compounds against selected bacteria in the study type.