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علاقة الهرمونات الجنسية بصورة الدهون المصلية والاجهاد التاكسدي في عقم الرجال

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2010
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: سلمان علي احمد
اسم المؤلف: ذو الفقار غانم محمد المحنه

دراسة نظرية لبعض معقدات المغنيز (III) الحاوي على ذرتي النيتروجين والاوكسجين Theoretical Studies for some Manganese (III) Complexes Containing Oxygen and Nitrogen Atoms

المستخلص: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small, highly reactive, oxygen containing molecules that are naturally generated in small amounts during the body’s metabolic reactions and can react with and damage complex cellular molecules such as fats, proteins, and DNA. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) represents an essential defense system against oxygen - derived free radicals, specifically superoxide (O2• - ). Superoxide can initiate a series of free radical reactions that yields other oxygen radicals, which together are thought to actas inflammatory mediators and induce cellular damage. The presence of natural superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) is to perform as defense systems against the cells damage which caused by superoxide compounds. These various enzymes allow to founding a widely area of treatment of many diseases.In our thesis, a series of ten Schiff - bases manganese (III) complexes which is previously prepared have been designed and build as SOD and CAT mimetics. The complexes along with the known Mn - Salen [(C1 : a known drug used as standard against superoxide anion (O2 - ) (SOD - mimetic activity) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (CAT - mimetic activity)], have been characterized using the Gaussian 03 program (2003). The results show the following : 1. The manganese (III) ion in these complexes is surrounded by two nitrogen atoms of the Schiff - base, and two oxygen atoms and metal ion above the basal plane toward the anion (Cl - ).2. The behavior of building complexes is different in the oxidationreduction reactions.3. Some complexes which have mixed ligands (heteroligands), show to have better activities than that of the same ligands (homoligands).4. Some complexes get high mimetic enzyme activity in one reaction (SOD - mimetic or CAT - mimetic activities), but low mimetic enzyme activity in the other reactions.5. The activities of both C2 and C7 complexes are higher than that of C1 complex in both reaction types (SOD - mimetic and CAT - mimetic activities).6. The activities of (C4, C9, C10) complexes are higher mimetic enzyme than that of C1 complex as superoxide dismutase. 7. The activities of (C3, C5, C6, C8, C11) complexes are higher mimetic enzyme than that of C1 complex as Catalase.8. The calculation of geometrical shapes of building complexes were achieved by calculate the bond frequencies and force constant, the results indicate that all the building complexes have square pyramidal shape.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2009
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: مثنى عبد الجبار شنشل ایاد حمزة جاسم
اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد الستار علي

تحضير بعض قواعد شف كمثبطات لانزيم اليوريز ودراسة تاثيرها على بكتيريا المتقلبات Proteus M Preparation of some Schiff bases as Urease inhibitors and study their effect on Proteus mirabilis bacteria

المستخلص: The current study involves preparation number of cysteine derivatives by the reaction of cysteine with different aromatic aldehydes forming the following Schiff bases : "2 - (4 - bromobenzylideneamino) - 3 - mercaptopropanoic acid, 2 - (4 - hydroxybenzylideneamino) - 3 - mercaptopropanoic acid, 2 - (4 - (dimethylamino)benzylideneamino) - 3 - mercaptopropanoic acid and 2 - (4 - chlorobenzylideneamino) - 3 - mercaptopropanoic acid".The new prepared derivatives were identified by using spectroscopy (FTIR) and measuring their melting points.The biological activities against Proteus mirabilis were estimated using well - diffusion method around the plate then the antibacterial activities were estimated.The effects of the prepared compounds on urease activity were studied. The results showed good effect in urease inhibition. All the prepared compounds showed competitive inhibition since the value Vmax was the same and Km increased.Finaly, Vmax, Ki, Km and i % values of the enzyme was calculated using line weaver Bruk equation.It is noticed from enzymatic and biological studies that Schiff bases compounds are strong inhibitors of the urease enzyme where the(2 - (4 - (dimethylamino)benzylideneamino) - - 3mercaptopropanoic acid ) inhibition force was (Ki=0.0043 M) which is the highest inhibition force comparing with the other prepared compounds.The percentage of inhibition (%i) was equal to (96.77%).
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2010
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المؤلف: احمد حسين علي التميمي

مقارنة التشخيص والتحاليل الحياتية لانزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي في الاكياس المائية المتكونة من جنس Echinococcus Granulosus ومصل دم الانسان

المستخلص: Hydatidosis, a zoonitic parasitic disease, is one of the most important economic and health problem in Iraq and many other countries in the Middle East. It is caused by Echinococcus Multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus, the larval stage of which is localized in the liver, lungs and other visceral organs of intermediate hosts such as sheep, goats and cattle.Human are considered to be an accidental intermediate host, either by eating improperly disinfected vegetables or by close contact with dogs. The mature form lives in the ileum of candies as its definitive hosts, where it leads to an asymptomatic infection .Serology or immunodiagnostic tests are the most useful techniques for the detection of hydatid cysts in human patients.Objectives : One of the reasons why Echinococcus granulosus cysts are described as a public health problem is the lack of effective chemotherapy.Reviewing the literature bears in mind the possibility of an effectual and successful chemotherapeutic treatment in the early stages of cyst development, as indicated by many reported studies. Thus, the major problem in the management of Hydatid disease seems to be related to the lack of an efficient routine diagnostic test capable of identifying asymptomatic patients at early stages of the disease. Consequently, the need for a consistent diagnostic test, applicable for mass screening in hyperendemic regions, has become mandatory.Much attention has been focused on the multilocularis species which represent the major type affecting western countries. These cumulative efforts have recently evolved a commercially available and reliable immunodiagnostic test for the specific diagnosis of Alveolar ehinococcus. Unfortunately, the test fails to identify most of the patients suffering from cystic echinococcosis, caused by the closely related echinococcus granulosus.Hence, this will detract from the valuablity of the test in districts, where echinococcus granulosus is well known as the main endemic type, including Iraq, and necessitating the requirement for further studies with regard to echinococcus granulosus.The present study was conducted to estimate the kinetic parameters and biochemical characteristics of alkaline phosphatase in fertile and sterile cyst membranes from patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis. The raised alkaline phosphatase serums of patients suffering cholestasis caused by gallstones were used as a representative alternate to Human liver - type alkaline phosphatase. Comparisons were aimed to reveal whether these two cyst membranes enzymes are different from each other and from the Human liver - type alkaline phosphatase.Subject and methods : In this study two samples were used, the cyst and human serum.Hydatid cysts were obtained from six hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients attending The Red Crescent Private Hospital, Baghdad, for surgical intervention from January 2007 through August 2008. Based on ultrasonographic examination, only two were identified as fertile, three were sterile and one patient with calcified cyst.Fasting venous blood samples were acquired from patients with professional diagnosis of gallstones, attending the above hospital for surgical treatment. Serum was separated, 5' - nucleotidase activity was measured to confirm that the raised alkaline phosphatase activity is mainly due to liver isoenzymeCollected serum samples were pooled and divided into aliquots, stored at - 2 C until further analysis.The present study was measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and cyst homogenate according to the method of kind and king.Kinetic studies will involve the affinity of these enzymes to their substrate, as well as the effect of other factors including hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and temperature. Heat inactivation and the effect of specific inhibitor, namely L - phenylalanine, are also to be examined on the activity of the three alkaline phosphatase enzymes.Results : 1.Different alkaline phosphatase activity were observed in fertile cysts while there was no alkaline phosphatase activity in hydatid cyst homogenated from sterile cysts and still not able to be detected even when larger volume of the hydatid cyst homogenated sample were used for the estimation and can be explained that by the presence or the absence of fresh protoscoleces in fertile or sterile hydatid cyst, respectively. Because of this statement it can be differentiate between the sterile & fertile cyst.By the results of the biochemical characterization of alkaline phosphatase, there were different Km values, optimum pH and optimum temperature for each hydatid cyst homogenated & human - liver type.The heat - sensitive specifically showed that the echinococcus granulosus alkaline phosphatase was more heat resistance than echinococcus multilocularis & liver - type enzyme.The respond of different human alkaline phosphatse isoenzymes to L - phenylalanine have been shown to varied from low sensitive (liver and bone) to highly sensitive (placental and intestinal). Thus, the wide range of IC50 observed herein, can be ascribed to the presence of isoenzymes other than liver type in the serum samples enrolled in this study. No inhibitory effect was observed on alkaline phosphatase from hydatid cyst homogenate.Conclusion : Considering present findings along with the following discussion, the following conclusions might be derived : Echinococcus granulosus Alkaline Phosphatase serve as a marker of cyst viability.The different characteristic of alkaline phosphatase from hydatid cyst membrane revealed that echinococcus granulosus Alkaline phosphatase is distinct from human isoenzymes more specifically from liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2009
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: سلمان علي احمد
اسم المؤلف: مريم فضيل ناصر

دراسة امتزاز وامتصاص بعض الملوثات العضوية على ثنائي اوكسيد التتانيوم Sorption study of Some Organic Pollutants on Titanium Dioxide

المستخلص: The subject of this thesis involves studying the possibility removed of four organic compound by TiO2. These organic compounds (considered as pollutants) which are; Birlliant blue (dye), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and Lambdacyholothrin as (pesticides). The thermal and photo - stability were studied and the results showed that all pollutants are stable in temperature range about (288 - 318) K, and stable against UV - linght in the wave length range (290 - 320) nm.Titanium dioxide successed in removing; 95 - 54% of dye, 6.2% of PVA, 13.19% of LAS and failed in removeing pesticides.UV - Vis absorption spectrophotometric technique was used to follow the pollutants concentration before and after adsorption process and after different periods of time, since the sorption isotherms were obtained by obeying Langmiur and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, with R2 (1 - 0.9993) for dye, R2 (0.9992 - 0.9574) for PVA, R2 (0.9503 - 0.9813) for LAS.The dye adsorption isotherms take S - shapes which related to a strong interaction between dye and TiO2 with thermodynamic values DH = +(5.962 - 26.57)J, DG = - (966 - 999)J, DS = +(3.45 - 9.1906)J.The thermodynamic parameters were studied by using the sorption process of the three pollutants on TiO2 of different temperatures ranging (293 - 318)K, and from the sorption isotherms the values of DH, DG, and DS for PVA DH = - (133.4 - 212.83)J, DG = +(78 - 157.4)J, DS = - (500)J, LAS DH = +(53.14 - 66.14)J, DG = - (1.21 - 1.38)kJ, DS = +(4 - 14)J. The sorption process of dye and LAS a positive DH values, negative DG values and positive DS values, which indicates the spontaneous absorption process, which for the negative DH values, positive DG values and negative DS values are due to the non spontaneous adsorption process for PVA. The kinetic study of pollutants sorption on TiO2 was studied depending on three kinetic equations : 1 - Lagergren equation : it was used to obtain the order of the sorption process, and the results showed a good obey with R2 = (0.9477 - 0.9995) for dye, R2 = (0.956 - 0.9942) for PVA, R2=(0.9948) for LAS, to this equation, which indicates that the sorption processfollowed a pseudo - 1st order kinetics, and from the linear Lagergren equation for the pollutants sorption the rate constants of sorption were calculated at different temperatures, and the activation energy for the sorption process was also calculated which reached 39.011 kJ.mol - 1 for sorption of dye.2 - Morris - Weber model : was employed and it gave a good match with the straight linear equation with R2 = (0.98 - 0.994) for dye, R2=(0.9892) for PVA, R2 = (0.9989) for LAS. This relation indicates that the diffusion process was so obvious, and it involvesthe transport of pollutant from the bulk solution into the TiO2 surface, which is considered the rate - limiting step. 3 - Reichenberg model : was employed and it gave a good linear relationship between Bt and time with acceptable correlation coefficient R2 = (0.9891) for dye, R2 = (0.9306) for PVA, R2 = (0.9776) for LAS.This relation indicates that the rate limiting mechanism is the absorption and the sorption process involving three steps : absorption, adsorption and desorption).
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية
السنة: 2009
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: خلود عبد صالح السعدي
اسم المؤلف: قيس محمد عبد الحسين

تحري الخواص الحرارية لبعض السوائل الايونية الحاوية على اليوريا والاستمايد Investigation of Thermal Properties for some Ionic Liquids containing Urea and Acetamide

المستخلص: Characterization of some room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as candidates for thermal storage media and heat transfer fluids in thermal applications were investigated. Five ionic liquids prepared from ammonium alum [NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O] pronounced S, as inorganic salt with urea [NH2CONH2] pronounced U, or acetamide [CH3CONH2] pronounced A, as organic compounds, and aluminum nitrate [Al(NO3)3.9H2O] pronounced N with urea or acetamide compounds in different mole ratios were investigated alone and with addition of some improving materials to study their synergetic effect using thermo - gravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC), X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and conductivity measurements. Thermo - physical properties such as enthalpy ΔH, heat capacity Cp and thermal energy storage capacity were determined. It was found that hydrated aluminum nitrate : acetamide (1 : 22 mole ratio, AN2IL) alone and hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate : urea (1 : 5 mole ratio, USIL) alone or with addition of some materials characterized with high density, chemical stability, heat capacity, thermal energy storage capacity and wide temperature range. The results indicated that ionic liquids alone or with addition of some materials could be considered as a promising candidate for liquid thermal storage media and heat transfer fluids.Studying the synergetic effect by addition of some alkali metal hydroxide (NaOH) with hydrated aluminum nitrate : urea (1 : 1.2 mole ratio, UNIL) and KOH with hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate : urea (1 : 5 mole ratio, USIL) ionic liquids increased thermal energy storage capacity of these ionic liquids, while the addition of NaOH to hydrated aluminum nitrate : acetamide (1 : 22mole ratio, AN2IL) gave less thermal stability and storage capacity of ionic liquid.Also addition of alkaline earth metal oxide MgO, CaO to hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate : urea (1 : 5 mole ratio, USIL) and BaO to hydrated aluminum nitrate : urea (1 : 1.2 mole ratio, UNIL) decreased thermal stability, heat capacity and thermal energy storage capacity than ionic liquid alone.Moreover, addition of transition metal oxide (VOSO4.5H2O, CuO and ZnO) to hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate : urea (1 : 5 mole ratio, USIL) increased thermal stability and storage capacity of hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate : urea (1 : 5 mole ratio, USIL), while the addition of NiO to hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate : urea (1 : 5 mole ratio, USIL) only improve thermal stability of ionic liquid
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: هادي محمد علي عبود
اسم المؤلف: هدى سلام عبد

التثبيت الضوئي لمتعدد كلوريد الفانيل باستخدام معقدات مخلبية Photostabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) by chelate complexes

المستخلص: Five metal complexes of Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Sn(II) with {4 - (Benzylidene - amino) - 5 - pyridin - 4 - yl - 4H - [1,2,4]triazole - 3 - thiol}, of Schiff base ligand (L), were prepared in alcoholic medium.The ligand (L) and its metal complexes were characterized qualitatively by using : FTIR, UV - visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity measurements and 1H NMR only for ligand. The ligand acted as bidentate which coordinated to the metal ions through sulphur and nitrogen of Azomethine group.According to the spectral data of the complexes a tetrahedral geometry was suggested for these complexes, except Cu(II) complex which exhibited octahedral geometry distorted to square planar structure.The metal complexes were used to enhance the photostabilization of PVC contains a concentration of ML2 0.5 % by weight. The photostabilization of PVC films were studied at room temperature under irradiation of light with λ=313 nmand an intensity of 7.75 X 10 - 7 einstein dm - 3 sec - 1.The photostabilization activity of these compounds was determined bymonitoring the carbonyl (ICO), polyene (Ipo) and hydroxyl (IOH) indices and weightloss method with irradiation time. It was found that the (ICO), (Ipo) and (IOH)indices values increased with irradiation time and this increase found to depends on the type of additives.The surface morphology for these films was studied during irradiation time.The changes in viscosity average molecular weight of PVC with irradiation time were also tracked (using THF as a solvent). The quantum yield of the chain scission (Φcs) of these complexes in PVC films was also evaluated.The following trend was obtained for the photostabilization effect on PVC films in presence of additives as shown below : CuL2 , CdL2 , ZnL2 , SnL2 , NiL2 Increasing the photostability According to the obtained experimental results, mechanisms were suggested, depending on the structure of the complexes.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: عماد عبد الحسين يوسف السراج
اسم المؤلف: علي نجاح حسن

الاكسدة الضوئية التحفيزية للفينول الاحمر على دقائق ثنائي اوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوبلوري Photocatalytic Oxidation of Phenol Red on Nanocrystalline TiO2 Particles

المستخلص: انجزت هذه الدراسة البحثية للتفكك الضوئي للصبغة العضوية الفينول الاحمر كنموذج للملوثات الفينولية وذلك باستخدام ثنائي اوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي المحضر مختبريا وفي وسط مائي.استخدمت تقنيات تشخيصية عديدة مثل المجهر الالكتروني الماسح وحيود الاشعة السينية ومطياف الانتشار الانعكاسي والمجهر الالكتروني التنافذي وطيف رامان لدراسة شكل السطح والحجم الحبيبي والمساحة السطحية وطاقة الفجوة لثنائي اوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي المحضر. وجد ان متوسط حجم الحبيبة هو 9, 9.95, 11 نانو باستخدام مجهر الالكتروني الماسح, مطياف الانتشار الانعكاسي وحيود الاشعة السينية على التوالي.وتم كذلك احتساب المساحة السطحية وحجم المسامات باستخدام منظومةBET حيث كانت النتائج للمساحة السطحية 48 م2\غم وحجم المسامات 3.7 نانو مما يؤكد كون ثنائي اوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي ذات مسامات صغيرة. ((mesoporos.تمت دراسة تاثير العديد من المتغيرات التجريبية على عملية التفكك الضوئي مثل كمية ثنائي اوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي, حامضية المحلول, التركيز الابتدائي للفينول الاحمر, شدة مصدر التشعيع, الحجم الحبيبي لثنائي اوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي واضافة المؤكسدات.ثبتت الظروف التجريبية المثلى لعملية التفكك الضوئي لصبغة الفينول الاحمر عند الدالة الحامضية 4.5 والتركيز الابتدائي للفينول الاحمر مساويا الى 10.3 ملغم\لتر وكمية المحفز ثنائي اوكسيد التيتانيوم مساويا الى 500 ملغم\لتر, حيث تم الحصول على ثابت سرعة التفاعل بقيمة 0.01052 لكل دقيقة وعمر نصف العملية 1.098 ساعة عند الظروف المثلى.اوضحت دراسة حركية التفكك الضوئي للفينول الاحمر بان العملية من الدرجة الاولى. اضافة على ذلك تم احتساب الناتج الكمي لعملية التفكك الضوئي حيث تساوي 0.1.اظهرت النتائج بان عملية الاكسدة الضوئية للفينول الاحمر بواسطة ثنائي اوكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي تفضل كيمياء الهيدروكسيل لانه عند اضافة بيروكسيد الهايدروجين حفزت عملية التفكك وتحسنت وتاكيدا على هذا الكلام عند اضافة ايزو بروبانول ثبطت عملية تفكك الفينول الاحمر لانه يعتبر من اهم المثبطات لجذر الهيدروكسيل. وتم كذلك احتساب الدوال الثرموديناميكية الاساسية لعملية التفكك الضوئي للفينول الاحمر مثل طاقة التنشيط وطاقة جبس والانثالبي والانتروبي. | In the current research study, the photocatalytic (photodecolorization) degradation of the phenolic model ecotoxicant, phenol red dye has been investigated using laboratory synthesized anatase TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous solution. The prepared nano TiO2 powder has been characterized using several advanced instruments including, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X - Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS), X - Ray Diffraction (XRD), Diffused Reflectance UV - VIS spectrometry (DUR - UV - VIS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Brunauer - Emmett - Teller (BET) theory and Raman Spectrometry. Average particle size of 9, 9.95 and 11 nm was found using TEM, XRD and SEM, respectively. The surface area and pore size were also measured employing BET nitrogen adsorption apparatus which resulted in surface area of 48 m2/g and a pore size of 3.7 nm, which indicates the mesoporosity of the prepared nano anatase TiO2 particles. The impacts of several operational parameters for the photodegradation process were explored encompassing, TiO2 loading, solution pH, initial phenol red concentration, UV light source intensity, photocatalyst particle size and added oxidants. Under optimum experimental conditions, 4.5 solution pH, 500 mg/l TiO2 loading and 2.9 x 10 - 5 mol /l (10.3 mg/l) phenol red, the value of the apparent rate constant, kapp , obtained has been 0.01052 min - 1 (17.53x 10 - 5 sec - 1) and the half life of the process, accordingly is equal to 1.098 hours.The kinetic of phenol red photobleaching has also been studied and it was found that it follows the pseudo first order pattern regardless of reaction conditions. Furthermore, the apparent quantum yield for the photodecolorization process was also determined and found to be approximately 0.1.Results reveal that the photooxidation process of phenol red follows hydroxyl type chemistry in which the addition of hydrogen peroxide has contributed massively in the promotion of the process rate and yield, and further, suppressed to a great extent by addition of isopropanol as .OH radical scavenger.The main process activation thermodynamic parameters namely, Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy were also deduced following the computation of photolysis activation energy employing the well known Arrhenius relation.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: هـــلال شهاب وهاب
اسم المؤلف: احمـــد عبد الله حسين

تحري قنص غاز ثاني اوكسيد الكربون بواسطة السوائل الايونية عند درجة حرارة الغرفة INVESTIGATION OF CO2 GAS CAPTURING BY ROOM TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS

المستخلص: Some ionic liquids were investigated for abilities to capture CO2 alone or with added some catalysts at room temperature under atmospheric pressure to increase the capacity of ionic liquids to capture carbon dioxide gas some catalysts were found effective such asHydrated aluminum nitrate/urea ionic liquid with added CaO and NaOH , monoethanolamine and ammonium chloride were added to hydrated ammonium aluminum sulphate/urea ionic liquid did not show in FTIR sign of either physical or chemical absorption of CO2 . The addition of NaOHaq to hydrated ammonium aluminum sulphate/urea ionic liquid showed a new vibration absorption at 1666 cm - 1 and changing the frequencies in the amine group vibrational bands above 3000 cm - 1 . While the distilled water when added to the ionic liquid hydrated ammonium aluminum sulphate/urea showed a broaden effect on the high vibrational bands above 2500 cm - 1 and the carbonyl group vibrational band at 1662 cm - 1 was not effected .Calcium oxide was added to hydrated ammonium aluminum sulphate/urea showed a new splitting vibration absorption bands at 1666 cm - 1 ,1618 cm - 1 .Aluminum chloride - urea ionic liquid very effective to capture carbon dioxide gas without add any catalysts showed a chemical absorption of CO2 1655 cm - 1 while aluminum chloride - acetamide showed weaker or no ability to capture CO2 .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: هادي محمد علي عبود
اسم المؤلف: ايفون اكرم عبد الجبار

تحضير معقدات لاعضوية مشتقة من 4 - امين - 5 - بيريدايل 4,2,1 ترايزول - 3 - ثايول ودراسة الثباتية الضوئية - 4H - لها لبوليمر البولي ستايرين Synthesis of inorganic complexes derived from 4 - amino - 5 - (pyridyl) - 4H 1,2,4 triazole - 3 - thiol and study their photochemical stability with polystyrene

المستخلص: Five transition metal complexes of Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Sn(II) with {4 - amino - 5 - (pyridyl) - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol}, as a ligand (L) has been prepared in alcoholic medium. These complexes are : 1. Bis(4 - amino - 5 - (pyridyl) - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol) Nickel(II), Ni(L)2 .2. Bis(4 - amino - 5 - (pyridyl) - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol) Cupper(II), Cu(L)2 .3. Bis(4 - amino - 5 - (pyridyl) - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol) Zinc(II), Zn(L)2 .4. Bis(4 - amino - 5 - (pyridyl) - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol) Cadmium(II), Cd(L)2 .5. Bis(4 - amino - 5 - (pyridyl) - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol) Tin(II), Sn(L)2 .The ligand (L) and its metal complexes were characterized quantitatively and qualitatively by using : FTIR, UV - visible spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. This ligand act as bidentate that coordinated to the metal ions through sulphur and nitrogen of amine group. According to the spectral data of the complexes a tetrahedral geometry was suggested for these complexes except Cu(II) complexes which exhibit a square structure.In this work the prepared complexes of 4 - amino - 5 - (pyridyl) - 4H 1,2,4 triazole - 3 - thiol were used to enhance the photostabilization of Polystyrene (PS).Polystyrene has been mixed with these complexes in chloroform solvent which containing concentration of complex 0.5 % by weight, which produced by the casting method from chloroform solvent. The photostabilization of polystyrene films were studied at room temperature under irradiation of light λ=365 nm wave length with intensity 20.6*10 - 9 Ein Dm - 3 S - 1 .The photostabilization activity of these compounds was determined by monitoring the carbonyl (ICO) and hydroxyl (IOH) indexes, weight loss method with irradiation time. It was found that the (ICO) and (IOH) indexes values increased with irradiation time and this increase depend on the type of additives. The surface morphology for these films was studied during irradiation time. The changes in viscosity average molecular weight of PS with irradiation time were also tracked (using chloroform as a solvent). The quantum yield of the chain scission (Φcs) of these complexes in PS films was also evaluated.The following trend is obtained for the photostabilization effect on PS films in presence of additives as shown below : Sn(L)2 , Cd(L)2 , Ni(L)2 , Zn(L)2 , Cu(L)2 Increasing the photostability According to the experimental results obtained, mechanisms were suggested, depending on the structure of the complexes
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: عماد عبد الحسين يوسف السراج
اسم المؤلف: رغد علي عبد الرسول حداد

تصنيع ودراسة اقطاب بوليمرية جديدة لتقدير الكلاريثرومايسين Construction and study of new polymeric membrane electrodes for clarithromycin determination

المستخلص: This piece of research includes constructing and characterizing two kinds of ion - selective electrodes (ISEs) based on PVC matrix membrane.First, four ion - selective electrodes for clarithromycin (CLM) which based on clarithromycin - tetraphenylborate (CLM - TPB) ion - pair complex as the electro - active materials were prepared. Second, four ion - selective electrodes for clarithromycin which based on using clarithromycintetraiodomercurate (CLM - TIM) ion - pair complex as the electro - active materials were also prepared. In both kinds of ISEs, some of the selected plasticizers were employed such as; Di - octyl phthalate (DOP), Di - butyl phosphate (DBP), Acetophenone (AP) and Di - butyl phthalate (DBPH) in PVC matrix. This thesis has mainly been structured in three different chapters, each one containing the following information : Chapter one provides a short historical review with the analytical performance characteristics of ISEs are described. The applications of ISEs in pharmaceutical and clarithromycin analyses are well - arranged in tables and the general and specific objectives of thesis are reported. Chapter two corresponds to the experimental part. Reagents, instruments, procedures and detail protocols for the preparation of two kinds of ISEs used in this study are reported.Chapter three contains the experimental results and discussion that lead to the possibility of successful applications the constructed ISEs in pharmaceuticals preparation and clarithromycin measurements. It is reporting the construction of two kinds of larithromycin ISEs; The first kind ISEs were : CLM - TPB+DOP (E1), CLM - TPB+DBP (E2), CLM - TPB+AP (E3) and CLM - TPB+DBPH (E4), give the linear range from (1×10 - 5 - 1×10 - 3, 1×10 - 5 - 1×10 - 3, 5×10 - 5 - 1×10 - 3 and 1×10 - 5 - 1×10 - 3 M), the slopes of (51.206, 53.930, 58.104 and 58.484 mV/decade) respectively, with detection limits of (8×10 - 6, 6×10 - 6, 2×10 - 5 and 9×10 - 6 M), response time of 10 - 3 M (30, 35, 41 and 46 second) and the lifetime were about (24, 30, 12 and 20 days) respectively. The second, were : CLM - TIM+DOP (E5), CLM - TIM+DBP (E6), CLM - TIM+AP (E7) and CLM - TIM+DBPH (E8), give the linear range from (1×10 - 5 - 1×10 - 3, 5×10 - 5 - 1×10 - 3, 5×10 - 5 - 1×10 - 3 and 1×10 - 5 - 1×10 - 3 M), the slopes of (48.445, 42.970, 52.692 and 49.442 mV/decade) respectively, with detection limits of (5×10 - 6, 5.5×10 - 5, 5×10 - 5 and 1.5×10 - 5 M), response time of 10 - 3 M (26, 32, 30 and 48 second) and the lifetime were about (28, 22, 16 and 25 days) respectively.The best electrode is (E4) used to determine the clarithromycin in pure and pharmaceuticals samples. The working pH for (E4) electrode was ranged from (1.5 - 6.5), the selectivity coefficients (Kpot A,B) of ISEs for the CLM have been studied in the presence of interference ions (Na+, K+, Mn+2, Cu+2, Fe+3, Al+3, sucrose and gelatin) by using separated solution and fixed interfering methods and the results was ranged from (4.28×10 - 2 - 8.82×10 - 5), which revealed that there was no effect of the interferences on the determination of CLM in tablets by using the constructed ISE.Therefore the ISE (E4) gave a good electrochemical characterization among the others and it has been used successfully for the determination of clarithromycin in the Claricide tablets using different potentiometric methods.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: خالدة حميد محمد السعيدي
اسم المؤلف: حيدر قيس منشد

دراسة طيفية لبعض املاح العناصر الانتقالية في السائل الايوني SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION FOR SOME TRANSITION METAL SALTS IN IONIC LIQUID

المستخلص: Aluminum chloride - urea ionic liquid was investigated by Lewis acid - base titration with chloride ions for its active species concentration with the aide of electronic spectroscopy. A coordination bonds between aluminum cationic species of the ionic liquid and the aromatic ring of toluene or benzene was assumed to be responsible for new bands formed in visible and ultraviolet regions.Upon Lewis acid - base titration these bands was found to disappear and the concentration of the acidic species therefore was elucidated to be around 75 mole % of the initial aluminum chloride used to prepare a 1.5 mole aluminum chloride to 1 mole urea ionic liquid. The product of this reaction was assumed to be between mole acidic species to mole chloride ion according to the mole fraction elucidated graph.The behavior of some transition metal compounds (chlorides and sulfates) of (Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II)) coordination in the ionic liquid was also investigated in this ionic liquid by electronic spectroscopy. Cobalt chloride showed a different behavior than the distorted octahedral geometry of copper chloride as it reacted with the anionic species to precipitate as form of a tetrahedral complex containing urea, aluminum and chloride ions.The behavior of nickel sulfate in the ionic liquid also showed an acid - base reaction with the acidic species of ionic liquid as the bands at 334 nm and 474 nm decreased with increasing the salt concentration. The coordination of Ni(II) cation was found to be an octahedral geometry with stronger ligand field effect. Similar strong ligand field was also observed with copper sulfate which showed four bands resulted from separating metal d - orbitals more obviously than the tetragonal John - Teller effect found with copper chloride in same ionic liquid.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: هادي محمد علي عبود
اسم المؤلف: مروة حميد فاضل

الخواص الثرموديناميكية والحجمية لبعض الفيتامينات الذائبة - مائيا في حامض الهيدروكلوريك المخفف وكذللك في المحاليل المائيه لملح كلوريد الصوديوم عند درجات) 51.392 و51.392 و1.392 . و1.392 . (كلفن Thermodynamic and Volumetric Properties of Some Water - Soluble Vitamins in Dilute HCl and in Aqueous NaCl Solutions at (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K

المستخلص: Densities , ρ, and viscosity, η, have been measured for ascorbic acid, thiamin HCl, nicotinic acid and pyridoxine HCl have been measured in water and in aqueous sodium chloride solutions at (293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K. The apparent molar volumes were determined from the measured density data. These volumes were extrapolated to zero using suitable empirical or theoretical equations to determine the corresponding infinite dilution values.Ionization of the vitamins under studied were suppressed using sufficiently acidic solutions. Apparent molar volume at infinite dilution for all vitamins, were found to be increase with increasing temperature in acidic solution and the presence of co - solute NaCl. On the other hand, increasing the concentration of co - solute NaCl leads to decrease the apparent molar volumes. These results were interpreted in terms of complex vitaminswater - co - solute NaCl interactions.Apparent molar volumes of transfer at infinite dilution for vitamins from water solutions to NaCl solution at various temperatures in the range (293.15 - 308.15) K were calculated. The resulting data have been utilized to the effect of overlapping of the hydration co - spheres on net volume of vitamins. The viscosity data have been analyzed using Jones - Dole equation, and the derived parameters, Jones - Dole coefficient, B, and Falkenhagen coefficient, A, were interpreted in terms of solute - solvent and solute - solute interactions respectively, for ascorbic acid, thiamin HCl, nicotinic acid and pyridoxine HCl. The variation of B coefficient with temperature, (dB/dT), have been also calculated for vitamin solutions, and the obtained data was interpreted on the basis of the structure - making and structure - breaking behavior.Free energy of activation of viscous flow per mole of solvent, Δμ1°, and solute, Δμ2°, were obtained by application of the transition - state theory to the B coefficient data and the corresponding activation enthalpy, ΔH0, and entropy of activation, ΔS0, of viscous flow were also determined for vitamins.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: تغريد علي سلمان
اسم المؤلف: خطاب عدنان عبد

مثبتات ضوئية جديدة لبولي كلوريد الفانيل باسخدام بعض ايونات العناصر لمعقدات2 - 6 - ميثوكسي نفثالين - 2 - وايل بروبانويت

المستخلص: The preparation of Bis[2 - (6 - methoxynaphthalen - 2 - yl)propanoate] chelate complexes with nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II) and tin(II) were described in this thesis.Infrared, ultraviolet - visible, spectrophotometric techniques, magnetic susceptibility, atomic absorption, conductivity measurements and melting point were used to characterize the free ligand and the above chelate complexes. All these complexes were found to act as stabilizer in PVC films.The light of wavelength (313 nm) with intensity of (1.052×10 - 8 ein.dm - 3.S - 1) was used for irradiation of polymer films at room temperature. The rate of photodegradation and photostabilization of PVC film (thickness 30 m) were monitored by measuring the carbonyl, polyene, hydroxyl and chlorine indices (Ico, Ipo, IoH and Icl) values as a function of irradiation time and ultraviolet - visible spectrophotometry using 0.5% wt/wt concentration of stabilizer.It was found that the carbonyl index (Ico), polyene index (Ipo) and hydroxyl index (IoH) values increased with irradiation time, while the chlorine index (ICl) values decreased with irradiation time, and this increase depend on the type of additives (free ligand and complexes).The following trend was obtained for the photostabilization effect of PVC film in presence of these additives : Cd(L)2 > Zn(L)2 > Sn(L)2 > Ni(L)2 > Cu(L)2.According to the experimental results obtained several mechanisms were suggested depending on the structure of the additives. Among these mechanisms, HCl scavenging, UV absorption, peroxide decomposer and radical scavenger for photostabilizer additives.The mode of chain scission was also investigated by measuring the variation of average viscosity molecular weight with irradiation time for PVC films with and without additives. It was found that the values of the variation of average viscosity molecular weight decreased with increasing irradiation time
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: عماد عبد الحسين يوسف السراج جواد كاظم شنين
اسم المؤلف: حسام اكريم سلمان

تحليل الطيف الالكتروني لمركبات ايونات بعض العناصر الانتقالية في سائل ايوني جديد

المستخلص: The behavior of some transition metal cations [Cr (III), Fe (III), Fe (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II)] were investigated in ammonium alum - urea ionic liquid. The study was followed by UV - Visible electronic spectroscopy to establish their coordination geometry in the liquid and estimate the ionic species attached to the transition metal cations.The reactivity of the metal cations were found to vary from one to another. Chromium (III) cation was found, (as expected) to be in octahedral geometry with ionic liquid species and was inert toward the addition of ligands. Similarly iron (III) did not show a tendency to react with added ligands, yet charge transfer was prevailed. However, interesting iron (II) showed high spin octahedral coordination with thiocyanate ion but a low spin octahedral complex with nitrite ion.Cobalt (II) showed an interesting behavior in alum - urea ionic liquid, as it coordinated in an octahedral geometry with its ionic species. A gradual geometrical changes were appeared as a major change in their spectra most probably forming a mixture of two species tetrahedral with some original octahedral complex when its solution was studied with increasing thiocyanate ion concentration up to 35 thiocyanate : 1 cobalt mole ratio.The solubility limit of nitrite in ionic liquid ceased the concentration ratio of nitrite : cobalt to be 5 : 1.Nickel (II) also showed an octahedral geometry behavior in ionic liquid species. It reacts with added ligands particularly when theconcentration of thiocyanate ion : Ni (II) increased up to 30 to 1 mole ratio, the color changed from pale green to olive - green solution.Cupper (II) cation showed a clear blue solution and its spectra are assigned to be octahedral geometry, while the added nitrite did not show color change but less absorbance was recorded. However, thiocyanate ion seems to react with cupper (II) ionic liquid solution producing suspended green solution with much less absorbance than with ionic liquid.Interestingly, the water molecules present in the original ammonium alum was not found to coordinate with metal cations as their spectra was found to differ when compared with those obtained in aqueous solution.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: هادي محمد علي عبود
اسم المؤلف: زينة نذير رجب

تصنيع اقطاب انتقائية جديدة لتقدير كل من الكلور امفينيكول صوديوم ساكسينيت والحديد الثلاثي وتطبيقاتها في المستحضرات الصيدلانية Construction of new Ion Selective electrodes for Determination Chloramphenicol sodium succinate and Iron(III) and their applications in pharmaceutical samples

المستخلص: Two kinds of electrodes were prepared in this study based on PVCmatrix. Four ion selective electrodes for Chloramphenicol sodiumsuccinate which based on chloramphenicol palmitate (CPP) and sodiumtetraphenylborate (TPB) as additive, Another Four ion selectiveelectrodes for Iron(III) based on Chloramphenicol sodium succinate - Iron(III) [CPSS - Fe(III)] ion - pair complex as the electro - active material,.Many plasticizers used :  Di - butyl phthalate (DBPH) Di - butyl phosphate (DBP) Di - octyl phthalate (DOP) Tri - butyl phosphate (TBP)The electrodes parameters were include, linear concentration range,Nernestian slope, limit of detection, response time, life time, working pHrang and selectivity were evaluated. Also the statistical treatments wereapplied for the results that include : relative standard deviation (RSD),relative error (RE), error and confidence limit for concentration. The resultsshowed : 1 - ISES for Chloramphenicol sodium succinate : CPP+TPB+DBPH (membrane A1), CPP+TPB+DBP(membrane A2),CPP+TPB+DOP (membrane A3), CPP+TPB+TBP (membrane A4), givesthe slopes (53.98, 51.45, 49.66 and 48.98 mV/decade), linear range from(1x10 - 4 - 1x10 - 1, 5x10 - 4 - 1x10 - 1, 1x10 - 4 - 1x10 - 1, 5x10 - 4 - 1x10 - 1), withdetection limit (5x10 - 5M, 2x10 - 5 M, 3x10 - 5 M and 1x10 - 5 M), responsetime of 10 - 3M (15, 18, 20 and 35 second) and the lifetime were about (50,15, 23 and 21 day ). The working pH ranges were ranged from (2 - 7.5).The electrode A1 (CPP+TPB+DBPH) has been used to determineVIChloramphenicol sodium succinate in the pharmaceutical samples of(Chloramphenicol sodium succinate injection).2 - ISES for Iron(III) : CPSS - Fe(III)+DBP (membrane B1), CPSS - Fe(III)+DBPH (membraneB2), CPSS - Fe(III)+DOP (membrane B3) and CPSS - Fe(III)+TBP(membrane B4), gives the slopes (19.79, 26.60, 16.01 and 13.82), linearrange from (1x10 - 5 - 1x10 - 2 M, 1x10 - 5 - 1x10 - 2 M, 1x10 - 6 - 1x10 - 2 M and1x10 - 5 - 1x10 - 2 M), with detection limit (9×10 - 6 M, 7×10 - 5 M, 2×10 - 6 Mand 9×10 - 5 M), response time of 10 - 3 M (10, 35, 15, 35 and 30 second),lifetime were about (37, 41, 23 and 16 days). The working pH rangeswere ranged from (2 - 6) by using electrode (CPSS - Fe(III)+DBP), andthis electrode has been used to determine Iron(III) in the pharmaceuticalsamples of (Feroglobin Capsules).The selectivity coefficients (KpotA,B) of ISES have been studied for thefollowing interference ions (Na+, K+, Mn+2, Cu+2, Zn+2, Fe+3, Al+3,Chloramphenicol palmitate, folic acid , Sucrose and Gelatin) by usingseparate solution method and fixed interfering mixed method.The UV - spectrophotometric method which includes : - The derivative spectra, the first - derivative (1D) spectra for Chloramphenicol sodium succinate solutions (2 - 64 mg/L) in wavelength equal 258 nm with (r2=0.99925). The analytical methods results showed to be simple, rapid and with a good accuracy by comparing between FirstDerivative (1D) and direct method of Ion selective electrode by using Ftest.The results shown, that the Chloramphenicol sodium succinate can be determined by using Ion selective electrode method because the value of the (F) experimental less than the value of the (F) theoretical at 95% confidence limit. Since Fcalculated‹ Ftable, we oncluded that there is nosignificant difference in precision between two methods
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: خالدة حميد محمد السعيدي
اسم المؤلف: وئام رعد عزيز

دراسة الذوبان والكيمياء التناسقية لاكاسيد بعض العناصر الانتقاليه للمنصهر الايوني المحضر لمزيج كلوريد الكولين / حامض التارتاريك Solubility and coordination study of some transition metal oxides in new choline chloride/ tartaric acid ionic liquid

المستخلص: في هذا البحث تم تحضير نوع جديد من الاملاح المنصهرة في درجة حرارة الغرفة , عن طريق مزج احد املاح جذر الامونيوم الرباعي وهو كلوريد الكولين مع احد المواد لها القابلية على تكوين اواصر هيدروجينية وهو الحامض الكاربوكسيلي الثنائي الكاربوكسيل وهو حامض التارتارك, تم تحضير عده محاليل بنسب مولية مختلفة. ومن المخطط الطوري للمحلول تم الحصول على محلول بدرجه انصهار 5 درجه مئوية.ومن مواصفات هذا الملح المنصهر المحضر هي : له صفات توصيلية , له كثافة عالية , وقيمه الاس الهيدروجيني له واطئه. وايضا في هذا البحث استخدمه الملح المنصهر المحضر كمذيب لا مائي لدراسة قابليه ذوبان بعض اكاسيد العناصر الانتقاليه من السلسلة الاولى وتشمل : [Co3O4, CrO3, NiO, CuO, ZnO]حيث وجد ان لها القابليه على الذوبان في هذا الملح المنصهر المحضر, وتم قياس التركيز ( الاذابة ) عن طريق استخدام جهاز الامتصاص الذري وذالك بدرجه حرارة الغرفه صعودا الى المائة درجة مئوية.اضافة الى ذلك تم حساب الحرارة الكامنة للانصهار لكل واحد من اكاسيد العناصر وتم توضيح تاثير اوربيتال d على قيمة الحرارة الكامنة للانصهار. تم تشخيص المحاليل السابق ذكرها عن طريق جهاز الاشعة الفوق البنفسجية - المرئية (UV. Vis.) لغرض معرفه المعقدات المتكونة ومعرفة التغير في الصيغة التركيبية للاوكسيد . وتم اخذ بنظر الاعتبار تاثير زيادة الحرارة الى درجه حرارة مائه درجه مئوية , حيث ان زيادة درجه الحرارة ليس له تاثير على الصيغه التركيبية الا انه له تاثير على زيادة الاهتزاز الالكتروني. تم حساب معامل راكاح (Racah) ,مقاييس المجال الليكندي , مقدار طاقه الانفصال (Δo) وحساب الامتصاصية المولاريه لكل طيف في جميع درجات الحرارة. | Choline chloride / tartaric acid room temperature ionic liquid was prepared and the obtained phase diagrams of the mixture showed eutectic point at 5 oC. The ionic liquid showed a conductive properties, high density and low PH values. Secondly, the dissolution of Co3O4, CrO3, NiO, CuO, and ZnO. Were studied and found soluble in choline chloride / tartaric acid ionic liquid as their solubilities were determined by measuring the dissolved metal by atomic absorption from room temperature up to 100 oC. The lattice energies of the metal oxides were deduced and the effects of the d - orbital electrons on the lattice energy were compared. In addition to their solubilities the above solution of metal oxides were investigates by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. The spectra were measured and assigned to the expected coordination in the choline chloride/ tartaric acid ionic liquids, the effect of increasing temperature of the solution up to 100 oC were also studied and showed similar coordination but higher vibration with increasing temperature. Racah factor for there complexes (B) were determined together with field factor, crystal field splitting energy (Δo), nephelauxetic factors and molar absoptivities for each spectra at the variable temperatures.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: هادي محمد علي عبود
اسم المؤلف: فرح انور حسن

تحضير وتشخيص الاملاح المنصهرة (السوائل الايونية) المستندة على مركبات السلفونيت Preparation and Characterization of Molten salts (Ionic Liquids) Based on Sulfonate Compounds

المستخلص: تضمنت الرسالة دراسة تحضير وتشخيص املاح منصهرة (سوائل ايونية) تكون منصهرة في درجة حرارة الغرفة حيث تم تحضير كولين دودوسيل بنزين سلفونيت وفينل تراي ميثل امونيوم دودوسيل بنزين سلفونيت وكانت درجة الانصهار لكل منهما هي,118) oC ( 91.9 على التوالي .تم تحضير املاح منصهرة (سوائل ايونية) اخرى بواسطة خلط , صوديوم دودوسيل بنزين سلفونيت , بوتاسيوم دودوسيل بنزين سلفونيت, امونيوم دودوسيل بنزين سلفونيت , بنزويك اسد, ساليسالك اسد مع الكولين كلورايد وقد اظهرت عملية الخلط انخفاض كبير درجة الانصهار عن للمركبات الاصلية.الخليط المكون من( امونيوم دودوسيل بنزين سلفونيت\ الكولين كلورايد) ينصهرعند 15 oC , ايضا خليطي (بنزويك اسد\ الكولين كلورايد ( و) ساليسالك اسد\ الكولين كلورايد ( مع لهما درجة انصهار متشابهة مقدارها 60 oC , وهذة الدرجة تنطبق مع تعريف الاملاح المنصهرة (السوائل الايونية) التي تنصهر في درجة حرارة افل من oC 100, لذلك تعتبر املاح منصهرة في درجة حرارة الغرفة. اظهرت الخلطات المكونة من (صوديوم دودوسيل بنزين سلفونيت\ الكولين كلورايد) و(بوتاسيوم دودوسيل بنزين سلفونيت \ الكولين كلورايد) درجات انصهار اعلى من oC 100 . مجموعة اخرى من الاملاح المنصهرة (السوائل الايونية) التي تم تحضيرها بواسطة خلط نفس المركبات السابقة لكن مع اليوريا بدلامن الكولين كلورايد هذة الاملاح المنصهرة (السوائل الايونية) المكونة من مركبات السلفونيت لهما درجات انصهار اقل مما للاملاح المنصهرة المعتمدة على الكولين كلورايد التي تنصهر عند105 oC , oC 100 , 10 oC على التوالي. بينما في حالة )بنزويك اسد\ اليوريا ( و) ساليسالك اسد\ اليوريا ( تنصهر بدرجات اعلى وكانت, oC 75 , oC 77 على التوالي. الاملاح المنصهرة (السوائل الايونية) تتكون نتيجة التداخل الذي يحصل بين مكونات الخليط وتكون تاصرهيدروحيني او تكون معقد بين مكونات الخليط | The work presented in this thesis includes the preparation and characterization of choline dodecyl benzene sulfonate and phenyl trimethyl ammonium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, which were prepared and showed almost room temperature molten salts (ionic liquids) of 118 oC and 91.9 oC respectively, as shown in scheme (1) : Scheme (1) Other molten salts (ionic liquids) based on mixing sodium, potassium, ammonium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, benzoic acid and salicylic acid with choline chloride showed a larger melting point depression than from of initial components, as shown in scheme (2) and (3) : Scheme (2) (Ammonium dodecyl benzene sulfonate /choline chloride) mixture has a deep eutectic point of 15 oC, while the two mixtures (benzoic acid / choline chloride) and (salicylic acid / choline chloride) gave a similar eutectic point of 60 oC, which were correspond with the room temperature molten salt (ionic liquids) definition, which is melt below the 100 oC. However, (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate /choline chloride) mixture and (potassium dodecyl benzene sulfonate /choline chloride) mixture afforded higher eutectic temperature than the room temperature molten salts.Another set of mixtures that based on mixing the same previous compounds, but with urea instead of choline chloride. These mixtures showed with (NaDBS,KDBS and NH4DBS) compounds lower eutectic points than with choline chloride of 105 oC, 100 oC, and 10 oC respectively. While with benzoic acid and salicylic acid afforded a little higher temperature of 75 oC and 77 oC respectively. Compositions of these mixtures attributed to the formation and interaction of hydrogen bonding or the formation of complex compounds of eutectic nature.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: هادي محمد علي عبود
اسم المؤلف: عهد ديوان ساجت الفتلاوي

الفصل الكروموتوغرافي لبعض الايونات الموجبة وتقديرها بواسطة كاشف التوصيلية والتحليل الضوئي غير المباشر

المستخلص: Cation exchange chromatography with both unsuppressed conductivity detection and indirect photometric detection (IPD) modes were used for the separation and detection of inorganic cations. Salt of weak base diphenylamine has been used as an eluent for several cations both with unsuppressed conductivity detection and IPD. 4 - aminodiphenylammonium chloride possess ion exchange capability, chromatographic selectivity and large molar absorptivity. 4 - aminodiphenylammonium chloride showed a good chromatographic performance toward the analysis of the cations (Lithium, Barium, Iron II and Iron III ) using conventional HPLC equipment with either conductivity or indirect UV detectors. The analysis of these cations using (1×10 - 7 M) 4 - aminodiphenylammonium chloride at pH 5.80 in 5% DMSO, with Dionex Ion Pac CS3 Column, and 1ml/min flow rate was achieved with unsuppressed column conductivity and IPD at 342.5 nm detection. Chromatogram of a separation mixtures containing four cations (Li+, Ba+2,Fe+2 and Fe+3) and other mixture have given well separated peaks using IPD technique. The capacity factor K for the analyzed cations were ranged from (1.70 - 2.44), peak symmetries was ranged from (1.11 - 1.41) and resolution with an average value of (1.310) was optained. The average RSD for tR was 0.435%. The average recovery was 93.1075 % and the average relative error percentage was 6.77 % with unsuppressed conductivity detection . However, using IPD, the peak symmetry was ranged from(1.30 - 1.54), and an average value of resolutin of 1.41 which indicate a good chromatographic performance. The RSD in tR averaged 0.351 %. The average value of recovery was 95.975 %. Calibration curve for all analyzed cations were linear from their detection limit to at least 10 ppm. The correlation coefficients for the linear calibration curve were ranged from (0.9991, 0.9998) with both detection techniques. The detection limit was ranged from (0.025, 0.1) ppm for unsuppressed conductivity detection compared to (0.02, 0.05) ppm for IPD
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2007
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: شهباز احمد مكي
اسم المؤلف: لبنى عبد الحسين عبد الامير الشيخ

التثبيت الضوئي لمتعدد (كلوريد الفانيل) باستعمال معقدات ثئاني (2 - امينو خلات بنزوثايزول) PHOTOSTABILIZATION OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) BY BIS(2 - AMINO ACETATE BENZOTHIAZOLE ) COMPLEXES

المستخلص: In this work , Bis(2 - amino acetate benzothiazole) chelate complexes were prepared . These compounds are : 1 - Bis(2 - amino acetate benzothiazol) nickel(II).2 - Bis(2 - amino acetate benzothiazol) copper(II).3 - Bis(2 - amino acetate benzothiazol) zinc(II).4 - Bis(2 - amino acetate benzothiazol) cadmium(II). 5 - Bis(2 - amino acetate benzothiazol) tin(II).Infrared, ultraviolet - visible, spectrophotometric techniques, magneticsusceptibility, atomic absorption conductivity measurement and other physical properties were used to characterize the free ligand and the above chelate complexes.All these compounds were act as stabilizer in PVC films.The rate of photodegradation and photostabilization of PVC film (thickness 30mm) were monitored by measuring the carbonyl, polyene and hydroxyl indices (Ico, Ipo and IoH) values as afunction with irradiation time and ultraviolet - visible spectrophotometry using the concentrations of additive 0.5% wt/wt. The light of wavelength 313 nm with intensity (1.052*10 - 8 ein.dm - 3.S - 1) was used for irradiation of polymer films at room temperature.It was found that the carbonyl index (Ico) polyene index (Ipo) and hydroxyl index(IoH) values increased with irradiation time, and this increase depend on the type of additives (free ligand and complexes). The following trend was obtained for the photostabilization effect of PVCfilm in presence of these additives : Sn(H)2 > Cd(H)2 > Ni(H)2 > Zn(H)2 > Cu(H)2. According to the experimental results obtained several mechanisms were suggested depending on the structure of the additives. Therefore HCl scavenging, UV absorption, peroxide decomposer and radical scavenger for photostabilizer additiveswere suggested.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المؤلف: هدیل عادل عباس

تحضيـروتشخيص مركبات مقلدة للانسولين SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INSULIN - MIMETIC COMPOUNDS

المستخلص: تهيئ الكيمياء اللاعضوية مجالا خصبا لتصميم وتحضير مركبات صيدلانية لمعالجة الامراض العسيرة المعالجة في الوقت الحالي.منذ فترة طويلة استخدمت الادوية الفلزية لعلاج واعادة وظيفة فسلجة الجسم الى حالتها الاولية.ان عنصري الفناديوم والكروم يقدمان حالة مدهشة من بين العناصر الانتقالية حيث لها سلطة وصفة كيموفيزيائية نكشف من خلالها صفة مهمة كمقلدات لعمل الانسولين. ولهذا تم دراستها جيدا في علاج مرض السكري للنوع الاول والثاني.ان تصميم الادوية الفلزية في بحثنا يقيم بالدرجة الاولى بالتشابه الفراغي للاعمال السابقة والتركيب المبسط وصفة التواجد البايولوجي والذوبانية والامتصاصية.تم تحضير اربعة مركبات مختلفة لتتاصر مع فلزات VO (II) وCr (III) الايونية لتكون ثمانية معقدات مختلفة تم اختيار ستة احماض امينية مختلفة لتتاصر مع فلزات VO (II) وCr (III) الايونية لتكون اثنا عشر معقد مختلف تم اختيار الماركبتو حامض الخليك وحامض المانديلك للتاصر مع فلزات VO (II) وCr (III) الايونية لتكوين اربع معقدات مختلفة.تم اختيار خمسة سكريات مختلفة لتتاصر مع فلزات VO (II) وCr (III) الايونية لتكون عشرة معقدات مختلفة.تم عزل وتشخيص عدد من المركبات المختلفة عن طريق دراسة صفاتها الكيموفيزيائية بواسطة تحليل المعادن وتحليل عناصر C.H.N.S، واطياف التردد والانتقالات الالكترونية، والصفات التوصيلية والمغناطيسية، بالاضافة الى دراسة اطياف الرنين المغناطيسي النووي للهيدروجين.تمت دراسة تكوين بعض المعقدات في المحلول باتباع طريقة النسبة المولارية mole ratio.ان نتائج الدراسات في الحالة الصلبة والسائلة اعطتنا نتائج متطابقة. | Biomedical inorganic chemistry offers the potential for the design novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases, which are currently intractable. Therapeutic metalodrugs have since long been employed to restore human physiology. Vanadium and chromium presents an outstanding case of a transition elements, the omnipotent physicochemical properties of which have unearthed it’s potential use as a serious insulin mimtic agents, well suited in the treatment of the heterogeneous disease of diabetes mellitus types I and II.The design of such metallodrugs has been at the fore front of the research depending on analogy of the previous work, simple structure, bioavailability, solubility and absorption property.Four different analog ligands have been synthesized to coordinate with VO (II) and Cr (III) metal ions to produce eight different complexes.Six different amino acids have chosen to coordinate with VO (II) and Cr (III) metal ions to produce twelve different complexes.Marcapto acetic acid and mandelic acid are also chosen to coordinate with VO (II) and Cr (III) metal ions to produce four different complexes.Five different sugars have been chosen to coordinate with VO (II) and Cr (III) metal ions to produce ten different complexes.Several of the synthesized compounds were isolated and characterized by studying their physicochemical properties such as C.H.N.S and metal analysis, vibrational and electric spsectra, conductivity, magnetic properties, in addition to 1H.N.M.R spectral study for some complexes.The formation of some of the complexes were studied in solution following the mole ratio method. The results of both solid state and solution studies gave identical results.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2007
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: اياد حمزة جاسم
اسم المؤلف: عمار جهاد صادق العبدلي

تحضير اصباغ ازو بوليمرية بالكلة بولي (كلوريد الفاينيل) بحلقات البنزين باستخدام تفاعل فريدل - كرافتس Preparation of polymeric Azo dyes via alkylation of Poly(vinylchloride) on benzene rings using Friedel - Craft، s Reaction

المستخلص: في هذه الدراسة تم تحضير عدد من اصباغ الازو وذلك بتفاعل املاح الديازونيوم مع الفينولات . وفيما يلي التراكيب الكيميائية للاصباغ المحضرة (1 - 20)2. جري تفاعل فريدل - كرافتس بين اصباغ الازو المحضرة وبولي (كلوريد الفانيل ) مكونة اصباغا بوليميرية مختلفة فيما ياتي اسماءها وتراكيبها الكيميائية.3. في هذه الدراسة شخصت جميع المركبات الوسطية والاصباغ البوليميرية المحضرة بطيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء IR ، وطيف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية U.V، بالاضافة الى تحليل العناصر، وتم قياس لزوجة الاصباغ البوليميرية المحضرة ، وتبين ان لها اوزان جزيئيه ضمن المدى المتوسط ، هذا بالاضافة الى القياسات الفيزياوية المختلفة الاخرى من درجات التلين، ودرجات الانصهار لنماذج من الاصباغ البوليميرية المحضرة.4.الاصباغ البوليميرية المحضرة في هذه الدراسة اثبتت كفاءتها وصلاحيتها لصباغة القطن والخشب والبلاستيك ، وقد تم طلاء نماذج من تلك المواد وثبتت انها غير قابلة للذوبان في الماء وذات الوان زاهية ومميزة . | 1. Several azo dyes were prepared according to literature procedures .Diazonium salts were allowed to react with phenols to obtain the following azo dyes : . 2. The prepared azo dyes were allowed to react with Poly(vinylchloride) using Friedel Craft، s reaction and the following polymeric dyes were obtained : 3. All products , intermediates and polymeric dyes were characterized by IR, UV, elemental analysis , and chemical reaction. The viscosity’s of the prepared dyes showed them to be low to medium molecular weights. 4. Application of the prepared polymeric azo dyes in Coatins Wood and plastic showed them efficient and water insoluble. Their colors were bright and durable.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2004
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المؤلف: ايمان اسماعيل جبار الساعدي

التقدير الطيفي لايون النحاس بوساطة الطريقة المباشرة وغير المباشرة بنقطة الغيمة باستخدام الحامض الامينيي الميثيونين Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper Ion by Direct Method and Indirect Cloud Point Using the Amino Acid Methionine

المستخلص: تشمل هذه الدراسة طريقتين مهمتين في التطبيق التحليلي لتعيين وفصل واغناء ايون النحاس الثنائي بطريقة نقطة الغيمة والطريقة الطيفية وذلك باستخدام مطياف الاشعة الفوق البنفسجية - المرئية. في الجزء الاول : تم استخدام الحامض الاميني الميثونين ككاشف تحليلي الذي يشكل مركب مخلبي مع ايون النحاس في الطور المائي وبدرجة حموضة محددة, والذي تكون له اعظم امتصاصية عند طول موجي (244 نانوميتر) لمعقد النحاس - الميثونين ضد الميثونين كبلانك.وتم دراسة الظروف الفضلى للتفاعل بالاضافة الى العوامل التحليلية الاخرى وافضل نتائج تم الحصول عليها لمنحني المعايرة والبيانات الاحصائية تحت الظروف الفضلى التي تم الحصول عليها بالطريقة الطيفية المباشرة لكميات صغيرة من النحاس, يطاوع قانون لامبرت بير في مدى تراكيز (0,1 - 10) ميكروغرام/مل مع امتصاصية مولارية (5842 لتر.مول - 1.سم - 1) وحد الكشف (0,0238 ميكروغرام/مل) في هذه الدراسة لوحظ حدوث تداخلات بعض المعادن مثل النيكل (II)والكروم(III) في ايون النحاس وقد تجاوزت الحد المسموح للتداخل , لذلك تم تطبيق الطريقة المقترحة بنجاح لتحديد ايون النحاس في عينات مختلفة من المياه.اما الجزء الثاني من الدراسة تستند على تكوين معقد كاره للماء بين ايون النحاس والميثونين الغنية بالترايتون 100 - X من خلال منهجية الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة الى جانب القياس الطيفي للاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية, في هذه الطريقة يتشارك ايون الفلز مع الحامض الاميني الميثونين في تفاعل لتشكيل معقد مخلبي كاره للماء ويتم استخلاص هذا المعقد في درجة حموضة معينة عن طريق الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة باستخدام المركب السطحي غير الايوني ترايتون 100 - X كوسيط للاستخلاص.الطور العضوي الغني بالمادة السطحية يتم اذابتها باضافة الميثانول ويتم قياس المعقد طيفيا عند طول موجي (294 نانوميتر) لتحسين العوامل التي تؤثر على كفاءة استخلاص ايون النحاس باستخدام احد عوامل التحليلية وتشمل هذه العوامل درجة حموضة المحلول تركيز الليكند والمادة السطحية, درجة الحرارة والوقت التي تم تحديدها بالاضافة الى الكتيونات التي تعتبر متداخلات في ظل الظروف المثلى للتفاعل وقد تحقق عامل اغناء النحاس وكان منحني المعايرة الخطي (0,1 - 4) ميكروغرام/مل, حد الكشف والحد الكمي (0,0071) (0,0215) على التوالي. وتم مقارنة الطريقة المقترحة مع الطريقة الطيفية المباشرة لتعيين ايون النحاس ومن خلال النتائج المعروضة نلاحظ اختلافات كبيرة في الدقة والتوافق في الطريقتين وان الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة هي الاكثر دقة وتوافقية. تم تطبيق هذه الطريقة في عينات المياه. في هذه الدراسة تم تعيين تكافؤية المعقد عن طريق النسب المولية, التغيرات المستمرة (طريقة جوب) في درجة حموضة معينة واظهرت النتائج ان نسبة التكافؤ بين ايون النحاس الميثيونين هي 1 : 2. | This study in whole comprises two significant approaches in analytical application for direct determination and separation with preconcentration of copper ion by cloud point extraction methodology coupled with UV - Visible spectrophotometry.In the first part : The amino acid methionine was used as a chelating agent to form a complex with copper ion in aqueous phase at specific pH, which exhibits maximum absorption at (max= 244nm) against reagent blank. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The results showed better optical characteristics for calibration curve and statistical data were obtained under optimum conditions using direct Spectrophotometric determination of micro amounts of copper ion. “Beer's law” is obeyed in the concentration range (0.1 - 10)g.mL - 1 , having molar absorptivity of 5842L. mol - 1. cm - 1. The value of detection limit was 0.0238g.mL - 1 . Interference study indicated that some metal ions like Ni+2, Cr+3 have exceeded the allowable limits of interference for copper ion absorbance signal. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of copper ion in various water samples.Part Two : Deals with the formation of a hydrophobic complex between copper ion and methionine in rich - surfactant phase, by “cloud point extraction” (CPE) methodology, coupled with UV - Visible spectrophotometry. This method involved reaction of copper ion with methionine as a chelating agent to form a hydrophobic complex. Which was extracted at specific pH by CPE technique using nonionic surfactant Triton X - 100.as an extraction medium. The complex was surrounded by surfactant micelles. The surfactant - rich phase was diluted with methanol and the complex was measured spectrophotometrically at it's (max= 294nm). Different factors that can influence the extraction efficiency of copper ion has been optimized by using one - factor - at - a - time (OFAT). These factors include solution pH, reagent and surfactant concentrations, temperature and incubation time. Besides the interference effect of cations was also considered under the optimized conditions, “preconcentration factor” of 90 was achieved. The linear range was (0.1 - 4)g.mL - 1 with “limit of detection” and limit of quantification (0.0071), (0.0215)g.mL - 1 respectively and molar absorptivity of (19621.5) L. mol - 1. cm - 1.The Stoichiometric study was determined by “mole ratio method and continuous variation method” (Job's) at specific pH. The results showed that the Stoichiometric ratio between copper ion and methionine was 1 : 2.The proposed method is compared with the direct spectrophotometry determination of copper ion and the results have shown that there is a significant differences in accuracy and precision between the two methods and the cloud point extraction which indicates that the latter is more accurate and more precise. The suggested method was applied successfully for the determination of copper ion in water samples
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: رافع قدوري عطيوي سمية محمد عباس
اسم المؤلف: اسماء نهاد زكي

تحضير مشتقات جديدة للفينوكسثين Synthesis of New Phenoxathiin Derivatives

المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير اربعين مشتقا" جديدا" من مشتقات الفينوكسثين التي تحتوي على حلقات غير متجانسة . وقد تم تشخيصها جميعا" بالطرائق الطيفية : طيف الاشعه تحت الحمراء ( ( FT - IR وطيف الاشعه فوق البنفسجية ( ( UV وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي( 1H - NMR ) لعشرة مركبات وهي [ 1] , [ 2 ] , [ 3e] ,[ [ 3h , [ 4a] , [ 4g ] , [ 5a] , [ 5d] , [ 6e] , [ 6j] , بالاضافة الى تعيين بعض الخصائص الفيزياوية مثل درجة الانصهار واللون . وقد صنفت جميع هذه المركبات المحضرة الى اربعة مجاميع تحتوي كلا" منها على عشرة مركبات .المجموعة الاولى : وهي مشتقات لــ 2 - ( اوكسي الكين - 1 - يل ) الفينوكسثين [ 3a - 3j] والمحضرة من تفاعل 2 - اسيتيل فينوكسثين مع مختلف المركبات العطرية الالدهايدية وبوجود هيدروكسيد الصوديوم . اما المجاميع الثلاثة الاخرى فقد تم تحضيرها من تفاعل مركبات المجموعة الاولى مع كلا" من : 1 - الهيدرازين بوجود حامض الخليك للحصول على مشتقات 2 - ( 1 - اسيتيل بايرازولين - 3 - يل ) للفينوكسثين [ 4a - 4j] .2 - الفنيل هيدرازين بوجود البايبيردين لتعطي مشتقات 2 - ( 1 - فنيل بايرازولين - 3 - يل ) فينوكسثين [ 5a - 5j] .3 - هيدروكـــلوريد الهيدروكسيل امـــين فــــي محـــلول هـــيدروكسيد الصوديـــوم الايــــثانولي لتـــــعطي 2 - ( ايزواوكسازولين - 3 - يل ) فينوكسثين [ 6a - 6j] .جميع مركبات المجامــــيع الثلاثة اعـــــلاه معوضة في الموقــــع ( 5 ) في كلا" مـــن حــــلقات البايرازوليــــن والايزواوكسازولين بمجاميع اريل وحسب المركبات العطرية الالدهايدية المستخدمة في تحضير مركبات المجموعة الاولى . | This work comprises the synthesis of forty new phenoxathiin derivatives containing heterocyclic moieties. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by such spectroscopy means namely FT - IR , ultra violet , and 1H - NMR analysis ( for ten compounds [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] , [ 3e ] , [ 3h ] , [ 4a ] , [ 4g ] , [ 5a ] , [ 5d ] , [ 6e ] , [ 6j ] )with thin layer, melting point and color. These heterocyclic compounds were synthesized in four groups , each one containing ten compounds .The first group is made up of 2 - (oxoalken - 1 - yl ) phenoxathiin derivatives [ 3a - 3j ] obtained from the reaction between 2 - acetylphenoxathiin with different aromatic aldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide .The other three groups involve compounds produced from reaction between each compound from the first group with each of : 1 ) Hydrazine hydrate in acetic acid to get 2 - ( 1 - acetylpyrazolin - 3 - yl ) phenoxathiin derivatives [ 4a - 4j ] .2 ) Phenyl hydrazine in presence of piperidine to yield 2 - (1 - phenylpyrazolin - 3 - yl) phenoxathiin derivatives [ 5a - 5j ] . 3 ) Hydroxylamine hydrochloride in ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution to give 2 - (isoxazolin - 3 - yl) phenoxathiin derivatives [ 6a - 6j ] . All these compounds of three groups above are substituted in the position ( 5 ) in both the pyrazoline and isoxazoline rings with different aryl groups according to the aromatic aldehyde used in the preparation of the first group series compounds .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: سعاد مصطفى الاعرجي
اسم المؤلف: اياد احمد محمد

تحضيروتشخيص وقياس قيمة الفعالية البايلوجية لعدد من الايمايدات الحلقية الجديدة المعوضة على ذرة النيتروجين والحاوية على حلقات غير متجانسة Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Several New N - Substituted Cyclic Imides Containing Heterocycles

المستخلص: يهدف بحثنا الى تحضير ايمايدات حلقية معوضة على ذرة النتروجين وحاوية على حلقات غير متجانسة ولغرض تحقيق هذا الهدف تم انجاز الخطوات التالية : 1 - تضمن الجزء الاول تحضير ستراكون ايمايدات معوضة بحلقات غير متجانسة هي مركبات N - (معوض بنزوثايزول - 2 - يل) ستراكون ايمايد [24 - 36] .2 - تضمن الجزءالثاني تحضير N - فنيل ستراكون ايمايدات مرتبطة بحلقة البنزوثايازول عن طريق مجموعة السلفون امايد هي N - (4 - N - معوض بنزوثايازول - 2 - يل) سلفون اميدوفنيل ستراكون ايمايدات [40 - 49].كما تضمن هذا الجزء تحضير N - فنيل ستراكون ايمايدات مرتبطة بحلقات غير متجانسة مختلفة عبر مجموعة السلفون امايد هي N - (4 - (N - مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة) سلفون اميدو فنيل) ستراكون ايمايدات [50 - 53].3 - تضمن الجزءالثالث تحضير N - بنزيل ستراكون ايمايدات مرتبطة بحلقة البنزوثايزول عن طريق مجموعة السلفون امايد هي مركبات N - (4 - (N - معوض بنزوثايزول - 2 - يل) سلفون اميدو بنزيل) ستراكون ايمايدات [57 - 66]. كما تضمن هذا الجزء تحضير N - بنزيل ستراكون ايمايدات معوضة بحلقات غير متجانسة مختلفة عن طريق مجموعة السلفون امايد هي مركبات N - (4 - (N - مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة) سلفون اميدو بنزويل) ستراكون ايمايدات [67 - 70]. 4 - تضمن الجزء الرابع من هذا البحث تحضير ايمايدات حلقية مثل (فثايل ايمايد وسكسن ايمايد) عن طريق جسر استامايدي.وهي المركبات N - (2 - استاميدو (معوض بنزوثايزول - 2 - يل) فثايل ايمايدات [81 - 90]. ومركبات N - (2 - استاميدو معوض بنزوثايزول - 2 - يل) سكسن ايمايدات [91 - 100]. لتحضير الايمايدات المطلوبة تم اتباع الخطوات التالية : ا - تم مفاعلة الامين الاولي الحاوي على حلقات غير متجانسة N - (معوض بنزثايزول - 2 - يل) مع كلوروكلوريد الاستيل لتحويلها الى مركبات 2 - (2 - كلورو استايل امينو) معوض بنزوثايزولات [71 - 80].ب‌ - تم تحويل الفثايل ايمايد والسكسن ايمايد الى املاح البوتاسيوم المقابلة.جـ - تفاعل مشتقات استيل امينو المحضرة في فقرة (ا) مع املاح الفثايل ايمايد والسكسن ايمايد المحضرة في فقرة (ب) لانتاج الفثايل ايمايدات N - (2 - استاميدو - (معوض بنزوثايزول - 2 - يل) فثايل ايمايدات [81 - 90]. والسكسن ايمايدات N - (2 - استاميدو (معوض بنزوثايزول - 2 - يل) سكسن ايمايدات [91 - 100].تم تعيين درجات الانصهار للمركبات المحضرة اجمع في هذا البحث وكما تم تشخيصها طيفيا عن طريق مطيافية الاشعة تحت الحمراء FT - IR وفق البنفسجية U.V. كما استخدمت مطيافية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي 1H - NMR و13C - NMR في تشخيص بعض المركبات المحضرة، فضلا عن اجراء بعض الكشوفات النوعية ذات الفائدة التشخيصية.5 - يتضمن الجزء الخامس الدراسة البايلوجية وذلك للتحري وتقيم الفعالية البايلوجية للمركبات المحضرة ضد انواع من البكتريا والفطريات عزلت كليا من حالات مرضية (بشرية) في مختبرات مستشفى الكاظمية وقد شملت الدراسة على مايلي : ا - دراسة تاثير المركبات المحضرة على نوعين من البكتريا الموجبة لصبغة كرام وهي (ستافلو اوريس وستربتو كوكس بايوجينس). ب - وكذلك على نوعين من البكتريا السالبة لصبغة كرام وهي (سيدومونس واي كولاي). جـ - وقد تم استخدام نوع واحد من الفطريات وهو (كانديدا البكان).وقد اوضحت نتائج الدراسة بان اغلب المركبات المحضرة ذات فعالية بايلوجية | The present work involved synthesis of several N - substituted cyclic imides containing hetero rings.Performing this target includes the following parts : 1 - The first part of this work involved synthesis of several N - substituted Citraconimides containing benzothiazole ring N - (substituted benzothiazole - 2 - yl) Citraconimides [24 - 36]. 2 - The second part involved preparation of N - (phenyl Citraconimides) attached to benzothiazole rings through sulfonamide group (N - (4 - N - substituted benzothiazole - 2 - yl) Sulfonamido phenyl) Citraconimides [40 - 49] and N - phenyl citraconimides attached to hetero cyclic rings through sulfonamide group [50 - 53]. 3 - The third part involved synthesis of N - benzyl citraconimides attached to benzothiazole rings through Sulfonamide group N - (4 - (N - substituted benzothiazole - 2 - yl) Sulfonamido benzyl) citraconimides [57 - 66] and N - Benzylcitraconimide attached to different heterocyclic rings through sulfonamide group [67 - 70]. 4 - This part involved preparation of phthalimides and succinimides attached to benzothiazoles through acetamido group.Producing the desirable phthalimides [81 - 90] and succinimide[91 - 100].All the prepared compounds in this work were characterized by recording their melting points, infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet (U.V) spectra. H - NMR and C13 - NMR spectra for some of them were recorded also.5 - This part involved evaluation of the biological activity of the prepared compounds against two types of (Gram positive) bacteria including [Staphylococcus aurous and Streptococcusgain] and two types of (Gram negative) bacteria including [E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa].Moreover biological activity of the prepared compounds ast fungi [Candida albicans].were studied also.The results showed that most of the prepared compounds have good biological activity against the mentioned organisms
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
السنة: 2009
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: احلام معروف العزاوي
اسم المؤلف: احمــد سعــدي حسـن

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات خماسية وسداسية وسباعية الحلقة غير متجانسة Synthesis and Identification of Five, Six and Seven membered ring of Heterocyclic derivativese

المستخلص: يتضمن موضوع البحث في هذه الرسالة تحضير مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة خماسية وسداسية وسباعية متنوعة ابتداء من ماليك اسد داي هايدرزايد والذي حضر باستعمال ثنائي اثيل ماليت المقابل بتفاعلها مع الهيدرازين المائي وقد تم تقسيم هذا العمل الى اربعة اقسام : القسم الاول : يتضمن هذا القسم تحضير مركبات الفثالازين - 3و8 - دايون, والبريدازين - 6,3 دايون اوكسادايازول, اوكسازولين, ترايازول, ثايادايازول والتي اشتقت من تفاعل مالونك اسد داي هايدرزايد (1) مع مواد عضوية مختلفة وخطوات التفاعل موضحة في المخطط رقم (1).القسم الثاني : يتضمن هذا القسم تحضير ثايو سيميكاربزايد, سيميكاربزايد, اوكسازولين وثايازوالدين والتي اشتقت من تفاعل مالونك اسد داي هايدرزايد (1) مع مواد عضوية مختلفة وخطوات التفاعل موضحة في المخطط رقم (3).القسم الثالث : يتضمن هذا القسم تحضير مركبين جديدين من قواعد شف مشتقة من تفاعل مالونك اسد داي هايدرزايد (1) مع الالديهايد الاروماتية, حيث تمت عملية الغلق الحلقي باستعمال الفثاليك انهدريد لتحضيراوكسازيبين وخطوات التفاعل موضحة في المخطط رقم (2). | This work involves synthesis of different five, six and seven membered heterocyclic rings starting from Malonic acid dihydrazide which was synthesized from the corresponding diethyl malonate on its reaction with hydrazine hydrate. This work is divided into four different parts : First part : This part involved the synthesis of oxadiazole[9], triazole[3,19,22], thiadiazole[11,18] , thiadiazine[4], , pyridazin - 3,6 - dione [5] ,phthalazin - 3,8 - dione[6] and pyrazole[7,8] from compounds [a], [1] with different organic materials as shown in Schemes (I).Second part : This part involved the synthesis of thiosemicarbazide[16], semicarbazide[20],Thiazolidine[17] and Oxazoline[21]derivatives from malonic acid dihydrazide [1], as shown in Scheme (III).Third part : This part involved the synthesis of two new Schiff bases[12,14]derived from malonic acid dihydrazide [1] with two aromatic aldehydes and cyclization by the treatment with phthalic anhydride resulted oxazepines [13, 15] as shown in Scheme (II).
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
اسم المشرف: ابتسام خليفة جاسم
اسم المؤلف: شذى سلمان حسن عباس

احكام استخدام الادارة للقوة في مواجهة الاضطرابات العامة حماية للنظام العام : دراسة مقارنة The provisions of the administration's use of force in the face of Protection of public order public unrest (A comparative study)

المستخلص: Aims administration when used for measures to control administrative to protect public order from any threat to him and force fall within the scope of the measures used by the administration to address the public unrest and notes that force a general concept and wide and found a number of linguistic definitions and jurisprudence have the legal Chiad did not exist only a few definitions did not means the Iraqi legislature defining force in spite of frequent appearance in the different legal texts, divided the forceused by the administration to two or two - fold, namely physical force, which includes a firearm and beatings with hands, sticks and other species have, and the second type is the moral force that relies on intimidation and coercion Cglq websites or confiscation of inciting terrorism or declare curfews in a particular area and other images of this force newspapers As the administration the authority to use force, but exceptionally so multiple or departments High varied use of force which is divided into departments from AUTHENTIC its use of force authority is the core competence and To Administrations of Dolly the original departments and be authorized to use force and also its example form the popular crowd, and noted that some of these departments use force and exercise their duties without that there should be a law regulating it or no law, but it is old and brief a Madeana to search it and the enactment of these departments to the importance of that in the practical application, the function of the administration is to protect public order, traditional and nontraditional its various components.And that the administration the authority to use force based on the number of legal bases which confers the status of legitimacy on the use of force is the famous legal basis for the authority of the administration to use force, and the ramifications of this foundation to a national basis and an international basis, the national and the foundation is intended to constitutional provisions in constitutions and legal texts in texts of various laws, regulations and instructions in addition to the judicial foundation of any decisions and judgments issued by national courts of the states, and the international foundation stems from international treaties and conventions and international conventions and declarations on human rights as well as international organizations, decisions such as the UN security Council and the General Assembly of the United nations. It is noted that the administration has no right to the use of force is permissible and absolutely always but should have to abide by a number of principles on which authority control when the use of force in order to ensure they do not exceed or arbitrariness in the use of force and these principles are many and varied What matters within the scope of our research three principles, namely, (doctrine of necessity use of force and the principle of proportionality and the principle of gradient) . The restriction to these principles is when do or provide the cause of the reasons for the authority of the administration to use force, it is without a reason zero, the use of force the authority of these reasons is the engine or generator President the authority of the administration to use force, and this causes the demonstrations illegal graduated from the scope of the project within the scope of the act Muharram or criminal, and terrorist activities and actions that move and the duty of the administration to prevent and control as well as the attempted coup against the regime in the country or change its constitution or system of government in the state and riots and many other of these reasons, and thus should be noted that the use of force in the face of demonstrations is exceptional from the original Contrary to public acts and terrorist activities and the attempted coup or attempted where it is a major and direct reasons for the use of force on the one hand the administration .And abuse or exceed their men represented by the use of force administration moves responsibility towards the damage caused by the use of force and this damage may be human lives may be money movable or immovable This responsibility knows of responsibility based on the law So artena after this study to the division of this research to the door and every door divided by into two classes, where we have dedicated the first section of the statement of the concept of power and the basis of the authority of the administration for use in Iraq and comparative law, and in Part II of the statement of reasons for the administration's use of force and the principles of the ruling in the Iraqi law and Almqa
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الاداري
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: محمد علوم محمد علي المحمود
اسم المؤلف: حيدر علي حسين علي العقابي

عقد تامين المشاريع النفطية : دراسة مقارنة Insurance contract for oil projects Comparative study

المستخلص: The governmental institutions in charge of the management of oil operations in Iraq did not have the necessary interest in insurance on oil projects the last century, hence most oil contracts came void of texts binding the contractor that he must have an insurance coverage against risks accompanying the oil industry, especially when the highest risks are a feature inherent to this industry more than other industries. This is due to the nature of the circulating materials in it and their capability to quick burning and complicating the manufacturing operations which require caution when dealing with them at all stages starting from the upstream, i.e. the search stage, and drilling and then extracting oil until reaching the downstream stage and sending the product to the consumer.Despite the existence of legislative texts that oblige the contractor, who is responsible of the operations of executing governmental projects, to have an insurance coverage on the finances existent in Iraq against risks to which they may be exposed, these laws are only considered in construction contracts rather than drilling and extraction contracts. Yet, foreign companies working in the mentioned field were insuring their projects for they realize its importance to preserve the project capital and their adherence to their States' laws as well as the existence of widespread markets in this field.However, at the beginning of the present century the insurance movement became active after many governmental institutions saw the importance of insurance in the domain of oil industry, being the optimal manner to insure the project's execution course if the risk insured against occurred, and the caution of big loss to which the project may be exposed. The presence of insurance makes both parties of the contract and the other, who will be exposed to damage due to that industry, feel safe and secure.Insurance is not only confined to compensating the loss, but its field also extends to studying the risk causes, putting solutions, making procedures that prevent and limit the occurrence of the risk insured* ***********************************************************Abstract)B ( الصفحةagainst and the preclusion of its aggravation by risk management. Despite the citation of texts in the oil contracts on the necessity of covering the oil project, yet due to the weak staff specialized in insurance processes in the oil governmental institutions and the ignorance in legal texts organized to insurance works, the items in those contracts came with unclear features in that the beneficiary of compensation value is not defined and also the contractor's responsibility in this respect is not defined.Those projects are characterized by their high cost which as a result leads to high loss scale if the risk occurs, and in turn to high compensation amount of money. Thus, the foreign companies executing oil projects should search for means of protecting their capitals by having an insurance coverage against the risks possible to occur so as to secure the compensation for the losses that may occur due to accidents.Therefore, we preferred to search in the topic of the insurance contract of oil projects through shedding the light on the characteristics of this contract and the most important documents that cover the risks of oil projects, the means and ways of settling the demands and claims of compensation at the occurrence of loss as well as the ways to solve and settle disputes.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: راقية عبد الجبار علي
اسم المؤلف: بشرى رضا محمد عبد الله

قانون رعاية الاحداث العراقي ومعايير حقوق الطفل الدولية : دراسة تاصيلية تحليلية Iraqi Juvenile Welfare Law and International Standards of the Child's Rights (Constitutive and Analytical Study

المستخلص: ان قانون رعاية الاحداث العراقي رقم (76) لسنة 1983 النافذ بالاسس التي استند اليها، والنصوص التي جاء بها، والاهداف التي يسعى الى تحقيقها , وضع نظاما متكاملا لا يقتصر على اصلاح الحدث الجانح، وانما يسعى الى وقايته من الجنوح وشموله بالرعاية اللاحقة لمنعه من العود الى الجريمة، فقد تبين من هذه الدراسة ان قانون رعاية الاحداث يعد قانونا متطورا ومواكبا للسياسة الجنائية الحديثة سواء في مرحلة التحقيق الابتدائي او في مرحلة المحاكمة في سبيل مراعاة مصالح الطفل الفضلى، وقد تضمن هذا القانون نصوصا تقضي بسريان احكامه على الاحداث الجانحين والمشردين، واورد الحالات التي يعد فيها الحدث جانحا او مشردا، كما وقد بين مسؤولية الاحداث الذي اتموا التاسعة من العمر الى حين تمام سن الثامنة عشرة، وبين التدابير المفروضة عليهم في كل مرحلة. كما وان المشرع العراقي في القانون الحالي رفع سن الحدث الى تسع سنوات بعد ان كان محددا بسبع سنوات في القانون رقم (64) لسنة 1972 الملغى، وان هذا الاتجاه في تحديد سن المسؤولية الجنائية يتلاءم واعتبارات تتصل بعدم ادراك الحدث دون هذا السن الى طبيعة فعله المخالف للقانون وعدم القدرة على الاستبصار، وجاء قانون رعاية الاحداث العراقي بنص متطور يتمثل بالرعاية اللاحقة للحدث بعد انتهاء مدة ايداعه ، هذه الرعاية تمثل الوسيلة المتممة للعلاج وتحول من دون عودته للجنوح، وان ذلك يحقق المواءمة مع معايير حقوق الطفل الدولية. وعلى الصعيد الدولي فان هناك العديد من المواثيق الدولية التي تخص الاحداث او الاطفال وتحديدا اتفاقية حقوق الطفل الدولية عام 1989 ، هذه الاتفاقية شملت الحقوق الاساسية كافة للطفل فقد حددت الكثير من الامور المختلف عليها، ومن ضمنها تحديد سن الطفل لغاية الثامنة عشرة من العمر، وكذلك حماية الاطفال المعاقين، والضمانات القانونية لحماية حقوق الاحداث. ولما تقدم تناولنا المواءمة في البحث الموسوم ( قانون رعاية الاحداث العراقي ومعايير حقوق الطفل الدولية دراسة تاصيلية تحليلية) في ثلاثة فصول، ففي الفصل الاول تناولنا التاصيل التاريخي لحقوق الاحداث، اما الفصل الثاني فقد تناولنا فيه الحماية القانونية للاحداث، وقد خصصنا الفصل الثالث لبيان مدى المواءمة بين قانون رعاية الاحداث العراقي، واتفاقية حقوق الطفل الدولية عام 1989، وقد اختتمنا هذه الرسالة باهم الاستنتاجات والمقترحات، سائلين المولى عز وجل ان يوفقنا في ذلك. | The effective Juvenile Welfare Iraqi law (76) year 1983 with the foundations on which it was based , and the texts whom it brought , and the goals it attempt to reach , has formed a full system that does not only treat the juvenile delinquent but also attempt to protect juveniles from the delinquency and to be covered by subsequent care to prevent them from returning to the crime ,this study shows that the Juvenile Welfare law is a progressive and consistent law for modern criminal policy whether at the investigative stage or at the trial stage in order to take into account the best interests of the child. This law includes provisions to enforce its judgments on juveniles and displaced persons , and this law stated cases in which the juvenile is considered an offender or a homeless person , it also stated the responsibility of juveniles who have reached the age of nine to the age of 18 and the measures imposed on them at each stage . Also, the Iraqi legislator in the current law raised the age of the juvenile to nine years after it was specified by seven years in the canceled law (64) year 1972 , and that this approach in determining the age of criminal responsibility is compatible with considerations related to the unawareness of the juvenile under this age to the nature of his illegal action and inability to foresight. The Iraqi Juvenile Welfare Law also came in the form of an advanced text of post - care of the juvenile after the expiry of the period of his/her welfare. this care represents the complementary means of treatment and preventing from his/her returning to delinquency and this makes it in line with international standards of the child's rights . And at the international level, there are many international agreement concerning juveniles or children , specifically the Agreement of the Rights of the Child for the year 1989. this agreement covered all the basic rights of the child , It has identified many controversial issues, including determining the age of a child up to 18 years of age, protecting children with disabilities and legal guarantees to protect the rights of juveniles . For the above mentioned, we have dealt with harmonization in the research named ( Iraqi Juvenile Welfare Law and the International Standards of the Child's Rights/ a Constitutive and Analytical Study) identified in three chapters, In the first chapter we discussed the historical rooting of the rights of the juvenile , as for the second chapter, We dealt with the legal protection of juveniles , and we have devoted the third chapter to the extent of harmonization between the Iraqi Juvenile Welfare Law and the International Agreement of the Child 1989 , finally we have concluded this thesis with the most important conclusions and proposals, asking the Lord Almighty to help us
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الانساني
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: حسين عبد الصاحب عبد الكريم
اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد السلام حسن سعيد

الحماية الجنائية للعقار The Criminal Protection For The Property

المستخلص: 1 - The Iraqi criminal lawgiver insure the criminal protection for the property for the properties of persons and state, the lawgiver authorize the criminal protection for the properties to the law of punishments No. 111 for year 1969 (amended) according to its items (1,6,7), that its role put a texts of conviction and punishment on it whether this property for the persons such as lands , building , houses ,or for state such as lands , building , establishments, public properties ,special properties , and whether it were done by normal person , employee , or taxpayer of public service such as crimes of invasion of houses , attack on the property , confiscation it by force , damage it by destruction ,burn , flood , or by transfer or remove the border between the properties of the persons , or between the properties of persons and the state whether this property was be pure or charitable entail .This research deal with the crime that touch the security or independence of inside or outside of state such as crimes of external armed military raid or occupation on region of Republic of Iraq by one state or many foreign unfriendly states whether this occupation happen as full by fail regime and put it under the government of direct military occupation or entrance of armed military enemy in the land of Iraqi state region, or entrance in its part , or occupation for city , or village , and full control by direct military , or the neighbor country doing a crimes of transfer , remove, or change the region borders , marks , or official border support for Iraq .The criminal lawgiver for the crimes that were located on the properties of persons and state from the crimes that were seen by criminal judge of property location , and the local court of misdemeanors only specify for the lawsuits of properties if the crime as misdemeanors , but if the crime as felony this lawsuit was deal by court of felony according to the type of crime and danger of guilty .2 - Then the lawgiver authorized to the principles law of the criminal courts No.( 23)for year (1971) (amended) a responsibility of take the necessary criminal procedures to move the lawsuits of properties according to the items(1,2,3,9) starting from direct indictment and the judicial and primary investigation , transferring , pleading , and the decision until executing the decision that was issued for the guilty after this decision was granted the final degree without the objection when finish the legal period by executing the decided punishment by jailing the guilty for complete the decision of guilty .3 - Then the lawgiver authorized to the criminal judgment to take the pleading procedures by the public , facing , and oral method according to the judicial organization No.(160) for year (1969) (amended) item (1/first) to achieve the justice , and making authority of the justice accordance for the natural and moral persons as public and special at the item (3) , and making the pleading as public except the court diced to make this pleading as secret to save the public system and considerateness the public ethics or family sanctity , and spoken of decision as public at the item (5) , then making the decisions have issue and executing vicarious the people at the item (6) .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الجنائي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: احمد كيلان عبد الله
اسم المؤلف: كاظم عزيز معيلي الانباري

التنظيم القانوني للخصخصة ودورها في مواجهة الازمات المالية وتحسين الخدمات العامة : دراسة مقارنة Legal Regulation of Privatisation and Its Role in Confronting Fiscal Crises and Improving Public Services (Comparative Study)

المستخلص: The research deals with the subject "Legal Regulation of Privatisation Its Role in Confronting Fiscal Crises and Improving Public Services" in the comparative law and the how far it could be taotally adobted through utlizing the practices of world countries in this respect. To achieve the report of effective leagal regulation in confronting these fiscal crises to improving Public Services" in Iraq and; to manage the resulting from privatisation in terms of context and reality.Iraq is suffering from a set of issues that affected the citizen's life due to bad services offered by public utilities and being impossible to be offered by administration due some problems : • Lack of lquidity due to drop of world oil prices, being the key source of finance expendture on public utilities.• Admenstrative corruption which leads to spoil most of state resources designated for public services along with the cost of elminating it.• High cost the state bears in fighting terrorism which made huge damges to public utlities, especialy the service ones, which needs large money to remdey its termintaing affects.• Failure of public sector organisations to preform their role in development and to offer public services. Thus, they were registered as loser organisations making fiscal burden over the stated budget. They are even failed to pay to their employees.• The government wishes to reform and what included in its program for the necessity of applying privatisation policy as a choice to confront the crises that Iraq suffers from currently.• The legislations lack in the leagal regulation in Iraq, the need of a pack of new legislations in this respect and modification of others don't match the new idiology and economic philosophy of state. Also, identifying the role of leagal regulation in confronting these fiscal crises to improving public services through expressing the leagl texts regulating privatisation along with ambiguity, conflict or shortge. This is to attain an leagal regulation of privatisation agrees with and support leagal, economic and social security, now and in future.• First Hypotheses : In one hand, Privatisation is capable of prticipation, in a convenient way, in solving and confronting the fiscal crises of Iraq. In the other hand, is capable of prticipation in public services improvement offered to citizens, in terms of quality, fast achievement and resonables costs.• Second Hypotheses : Utilizing compared countries experiments, legislations and admivstrative practices in privatisation operations. This is to support and to enforce Iraq's tendency to privatisatio, i.e. adoption of better and most successful ways and applying them in Iraq to confront the fiscal crises and to improve public services.Getting assistance from available of privatisation applications, in some of the preferable public utilities, to be privatised in Iraq, as seen in comparative countries. The is emphisezed by resoulutions of Cabinet and concerned ministires, especilly the loser state companies along with education, health and energy sectors.Attaining the optimal leagal regulation of privatisation, adentifying its role to get solutions for fiscal crises and to improve the public services in Iraq. This may be done byutilizing comaprative countries practices in this field. Also, it shuold match the security, idiological, social and economic circumstances now and in future.The theoretical and practical significance; and having a real issue which may be suitable for study in terms of sceintific and practical analysis.Lack of leagal studies introducing this subject in terms of local leagal level vs. too many economic studies. This makes a necessity the leagal study since it may clarify its concept, limits and leagal base which entitles the concerned departments to apply.Seventh : the study follows the analatical methodology of leagal texts deals with privatisation in Iraq and projection over the sceintific reality along with the comparative methodology. Thus, determining the extent of success in getting solutions for fiscal crises in Iraq and modifying the optimals leagal regulation fro it.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الاداري
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: بان صلاح عبد القادر الصالحي
اسم المؤلف: رباب خليل ابراهيم الدباغ

الجرائم الناشئة عن عمليات نقل وزرع الاعضاء البشرية : دراسة مقارنة Crimes arising from transfusions and transplantation of human organs (Comparative study )

المستخلص: Human organ transplants are a type of medical work, and are therefore generally subject to the same rules governing medical work. They have been regulated by the legislator by establishing controls or conditions that ensure that such practices do not depart from their specific legal framework in such a way as to ensure that The human body has respect for its dignity. The Iraqi legislator in the law of human organ transplants and the prohibition of trafficking No. 11 of 2016 prohibits the transfer of a human organ or tissue from the body of a living person for the purpose of implanting into the body of another living human except for a therapeutic necessity and must there is a proportional between the practical risks and benefits of treatment ,must have permission from those eligible to release it after inform them the full risks of the operation and with totally freedom will, The project also banned the transfer and transplantation of organs or genital tissues and that lead to the mixing of genealogies for violating the provisions of Islamic law and public morality, These operations were also prohibited under a special license issued by the Minister of Health, in addition to the general license for the practice of medical work, and the transfer and transplantation of human organs must be voluntary and without any financial compensation, The Iraqi legislator also paid attention first to the organization of organ transplants from the dead to the living quarters and stipulated that the transfer of organs from the dead should be approved by the dead before his death under a will or upon the consent of his heirs.The organization of organ transplantation and transplantation in this manner does not preclude the fact that these processes are still and will remain at the exclusion angle at least from the criminal point of view.The regulation of transplantation and transplantation of human organs in this way does not preclude the fact that these processes are still and will remain at the exclusion angle at least from the criminal point of view. Therefore, these operations must be organized with utmost care and precision, so as not to depart from the exception. To be between the two circles are the circle of exception and the Criminalization Chamber, if these operations came out of the exclusion Chamber, it will inevitably enter the circle of criminalization, violation of any condition of permitting the transfer and transplantation of human organs, these operations come out of the circle of exception and result in the crime of transfer and transplantation of And the imposition of sanctions and precautionary measures against anyone who contravenes the provisions of the Human Organ Transplantation Act.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الجنائي
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: الاء ناصر حسين
اسم المؤلف: عمار سليم هاشم

قواعد الترجيح بين ادلة الاثبات المتعارضة في الدعوى المدنية

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: قانون المرافعات المدنية
السنة: 2003
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المؤلف: حسين رجب محمد مخلف الزيدي

الاضراب المهني للعمال واثاره : دراسة مقارنة

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2005
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المؤلف: مصدق عادل طالب حسين

ضمان ســلامة المــلاحة الجوية فــــــي القانون العـــراقي Ensuring The Safety of Air Navigation in Iraq Law

المستخلص: تساهم الملاحة الجوية بدور فعال في التطور الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للدول، وذلك بتذليلها المسافات الشاسعة في مدة زمنية قصيرة تحققه الطائرة باعتبارهواسيلة نقل اساسية في الطيران المدني والتجاري ومظهرا بارزا لمدى تطور صناعة الطيران، وامام استئثار الطائرة بالسرعة الفائقة في نقل الاشخاص والبضائع تعجز عن توفيره وسائل نقل اخرى، كان لا بد من تنظيم اليات معينة لضمان سلامتهواسلامة من فيها من ركاب وبضائع، لذلك سعت الاتفاقيات الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية ومنها التشريع الوطني العراقي، الى التركيز على العديد من الجوانب المهمة التي تعنى بسلامة الملاحة الجوية، ومنهواجوب حصول الطائرات على شهادة صلاحية للطيران صادرة عن دولة تسجيل الطائرة لمعرفة مدى امتثالها للمتطلبات الاساسية الواجب توفرها في الطائرة، اذ تعتبر هذه الشهادة حجر الاساس في ضمان سلامة الملاحة الجوية. فضلا عن ذلك ما تشترطه الاتفاقيات الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية على ضرورة توافر شروط معينة في الطاقم الجوي الذي يعمل على متن الطائرة، من خلال حصولهم على شهادات واجازات تمنح وفقا لمعايير دولية معينة، تؤكد كفاءتهم، وصلاحيتهم، ومقدرتهم على تشغيل الطائرة واتمام الرحلة الجوية بامن وسلامة، ونظرا لطبيعة البيئة التي تعمل فيها الطائرة وهي الفضاء الجوي، وبعدها عن سطح الارض وعن الرقابة المباشرة لسلطات الدولة عليها اثناء الرحلة الجوية، كان لا بد من وجود سلطة تعمل على حفظ النظام في الطائرة، لذلك منحت هذه الاتفاقيات والتشريعات الوطنية سلطات واسعة لقائد الطائرة، فهو الذي يتولى مهمة قيادة الطائرة، والاشراف على الطاقم الذي يتولى تنفيذ المهام الفنية، والخدمية اللازمة لعمل الطائرة في الفضاء، وله سلطة الاشراف على الركاب واتخاذ القرارات الملائمة اذا ما تعرضت الطائرة لظروف طارئة. ومن الجوانب الاخرى التي سعت الاتفاقيات الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية الى تنظيمها، هو ضرورة وجود اشخاص تعمل على تحقيق الفصل بين الطائرات وتحافظ على تسهيل وانتظام تدفق المرور الجوي وتزويد قائد الطائرة بالخدمات، والمعلومات اللازمة لسلامة الرحلة الجوية، ويعرف هؤلاء الاشخاص بمراقبي الحركة الجوية، لذلك حاولنا في بحثنا هذا تسليط الضوء على اهم الشروط الواجب توفرها فيهم والواجبات الملقاة على عاتقهم | Air navigation plays an active role in the economic and social development of states by overcoming the vast distances in a short period of time achieved by aircraft as a basic transport vehicle in civil and commercial aviation and a significant manifestation of the evolution of the aviation industry, and the rapid capture of the aircraft in the transport of persons and goods which is unable to be provided by other means of transport, certain mechanisms have had to be organized to ensure their safety and the safety of passengers and cargo. International conventions and national legislation, including Iraqi national legislation, have therefore sought to focus on many important aspects which is concerned with the safety of air navigation, including the fact that aircraft must obtain a certificate of airworthiness issued by the state of registry of the aircraft to determine compliance with the requirements essential to be provided on the aircraft, which is a cornerstone in ensuring the safety of air navigation, In addition to what is required by the conventions international and national legislation on the need for certain conditions in the air crew working on board, by obtaining certificates and license granted in accordance with certain international standards, confirming their competence, their suitability and ability to operate the aircraft and to complete the flight safely, with regard to the nature of the environment in which the aircraft operates, the airspace, and the far - distance from the surface of the earth and from the direct control of the state authorities during the flight, there must be an authority to maintain order in the aircraft, so these conventions and national legislation have given broad powers to the pilot of the aircraft, who is responsible for the task of commanding the aircraft, supervising the crew that implements the technical and service tasks required for the operation of the aircraft in space, and has the authority to supervise passengers and make appropriate decisions if the aircraft is exposed to emergency conditions. Other aspects that international conventions and national legislation have sought to regulate are the need for persons working to achieve the separation of aircraft it shall maintain the facilitation and regularity of the flow of air traffic and provide the commander of the aircraft with the services and information necessary for the safety of the flight, and shall identify such people with air traffic controllers, so in our search, we have tried to highlight the most important conditions that must be met and the duties incumbent upon them.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: فاروق ابراهيم جاسم
اسم المؤلف: سمـــير داود عــبد

حق الترشيح لمجلس النواب في ظل دستور جمهورية العراق لعام 2005 : دراسة مقارنة Right of candidacy for Membership of the House of Representatives under the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for 2005 ( A comparative study )

المستخلص: للعملية الانتخابية اهمية كبيرة في النظام السياسي الذي ياخذ بالديمقراطية النيابية، كما انها تمثل الرافد الرئيس للممارسة الديمقراطية، اذ تقاس درجة تحضر الشعوب وتقدمها بمعيار ممارستها للديمقراطية، وتصقل هذه الممارسة بما يحظى به المواطنون من وعي وادراك بحقوقهم السياسية، التي منها الترشيح لعضوية المجالس النيابية وحق الانتخاب، وتفسر اهمية حق الترشيح كاحد الحقوق السياسية واهمية كفالته للمواطن، في ضوء ضمان اسهامه في اختيار ممثليه في ادارة دفة السلطة ورعاية مصلحة الجماعة، هذا من ناحية، ومن ناحية اخرى، فان حق الترشيح يعد تجسيدا حقيقيا للبعد الديمقراطي، في اتاحة الفرصة للمواطنين في المشاركة الفعلية في ادارة شؤون بلادهم من خلال التمثيل النيابي، فضلا عن تفعيله لممارسة المواطنين لحقهم في انتخاب من يمثلهم في المجلس النيابي.لذا تناولت في الفصل الاول من هذه الدراسة معنى حق الترشيح لغة واصطلاحا, فبينت خصائصه، وانتقلت الى بيان طبيعته، وتساءلت هل يعد الترشيح حقا ام حرية، وناقشت ذلك وبينت ماوصلت اليه، ثم ميزته عما يشتبه به وذكرت مبادئه وبحثت في اساسه دوليا في المواثيق والاعلانات التي اتفق عليها المجتمع الدولي, ومن ثم عرجت الى بيان اساسه الوطني, فتتبعت هذا الحق في دساتير العراق وقوانينه الانتخابية منذ نشاة الدولة العراقية الى الوقت الحاضر.وفي الفصل الثاني بحثت التنظيم الدستوري لحق الترشيح في كل من مصر ولبنان والعراق مبينا مواطن القوة والضعف ومواضع اجادة المشرع الدستوري, وما علق فيها من ثغرات ونقص, وبينت بما علينا تبنيه من قواعد منصوص عليها او قواعد ارساها القضاء الدستوري والاداري في النظم المقارنة "مصر ولبنان" من اجل سد الثغرات في النظام الدستوري العراقي.اما في الفصل الثالث فبحثت التنظيم القانوني لحق الترشيح في كل من مصر ولبنان والعراق، فتلمست اجادة المشرع العراقي في مواطن عديدة، فازدتها بالبحث عما يمكن ان يدعم تلك الاجادة، وذلك بما تميزت به قوانين الدول المقارنة لتلافي نقوصات وثغرات فات المشرع العراقي الالتفات اليها من اجل تلافيهوامعالجتها من خلال اجراء التعديلات على القوانين والانظمة التي تنظم عملية الانتخابات، وذلك لتهيئة السبل لوصول عناصر كفوءة ونزيهة الى مجلس النواب.واشتمل الفصل الرابع في مبحثه الاول على بيان اجراءات تقديم طلبات الترشيح لعضوية المجالس النيابية في كل من مصر ومن ثم لبنان فالعراق، ومايستتبع التقديم من فحص طلب الترشيح وتدقيق المستندات المرفقة من قبل لجان الفحص المختصة لتصدر قرارها، ومن ثم مرحلة الاعتراض على قرارات رفض الترشيح من قبل من اباح لهم القانون الاعتراض، واخيرا بينا التنازل عن الترشيح بتفاصيله، ومن ثم عرجنا على الجانب الذي يكتسب اهمية خاصة، وتاتي هذه الاهمية من ضمانته وكفالته تنفيذ ممارسة حق الترشيح على نحو قانوني سليم، فبحثنا الضمانات الدستورية لحق الترشيح في كل من مصر ولبنان والعراق، واستتبع ذلك في المبحث الثاني البحث في الضمانات القضائية في كل من مصر ولبنان والعراق فبينا دور المحكمة الدستورية العليواالقضاء الاداري المصري، ومن ثم دور المجلس الدستوري ومجلس شورى الدولة اللبناني، وانتهاء بالمحكمة الاتحادية العليوامجلس المفوضين والهيئة القضائية للانتخابات في العراق، وهو الامر الذي اظهر ان القضاء الدستوري والاداري ادى دورا متفاوت بين دولة واخرى ومحكمة واخرى, ولكن السمة الغالبة ان دوره كان في اغلب الاوقات متميزا في حماية حق الترشيح ومنع السلطات من التعسف في الاعتداء على ممارسة هذا الحق من جانب، والتصدي في وجه من لايستحقون ان يكونوا اهلا للنيابة عن الشعب من جانب اخر.وفي الخاتمة ذكرت ماتوصلت اليه من نتائج وتوصيات لعلها تساهم في تطوير التنظيم القانوني والاجرائي لممارسة حق الترشيح بصورة خاصة والعملية الانتخابية بصورة عامة، عسى ان اكون قد وفقت في ذلك... ومن الله التوفيق | The electoral process is of great importance in the political system that takes parliamentary democracy and represents the main stream of democratic practice. The degree of urbanization and progress of peoples is measured by the criterion of their exercise of democracy. This practice is justified by the citizens' awareness of and awareness of their political rights, Election, and explain the importance of the right of nomination as one of the political rights and the importance of guaranteeing the citizen, in light of ensuring his contribution to the selection of representatives in the management of power and the interest of the community, on the one hand, on the other hand, the right of nomination is a real embodiment of Democratic count, to provide an opportunity for citizens to participate effectively in the management of their own affairs through parliamentary representation, as well as activating citizens to exercise their right to elect their representatives in the parliament.So I dealt with the meaning of the right of candidacy in terms of language and terminology. Which was agreed upon by the international community, and then turned to the statement of its national basis, followed this right in the constitutions of Iraq and its electoral laws since the inception of the Iraqi state to the present time.In the second chapter, the constitutional organization discussed the right of candidacy in Egypt, Lebanon, and Iraq, indicating the strengths and weaknesses of the constitutional legislator, and the gaps and shortcomings therein. He pointed out what we have to adopt from established rules or rules established by the constitutional and administrative judiciary in comparative systems. "In order to fill gaps in the Iraqi constitutional system.In the third chapter, the legal organization of the right to candidacy was examined in Egypt, Lebanon and Iraq, and the Iraqi legislator studied in many countries. It increased the research on what could support this practice, as characterized by the laws of the comparative countries, in order to avoid gaps and loopholes. Avoidance and treatment through amendments to the laws and regulations governing the election process, in order to prepare the means for the access of competent and fair elements to the House of Representatives
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: مصدق عادل طالب
اسم المؤلف: علي عبيد ثوني الكعبي

ميراث الاحفاد في الشريعة والقانون : دراسة مقارنة Legacy of grandchildren in Sharia and law A comparative study

المستخلص: بين الله سبحانه وتعالى الميراث بصورة عامة وحدد جل وعلى قدره انصبة كل وارث من الميراث, واتبع رسوله الكريم محمدما نص عليه الباري وحث الناس على معرفة الفرائض لكي لايختلف الناس فيما بينهم بالانصبة المحددة شرعا ومن ثم سيسبب ذلك اشكالية بالنسبة للورثة قد تصل الى القتل فيما بينهم؛ لان اغلب حالات الخلاف فيما بين الناس سببها المال وكذلك اتبع الصحابة رحمهم الله ما نص عليه القران وما بينه الرسول الكريم, ويعد ميراث الاحفاد من المواضيع المهمة في وقتنا الحاضر وبالخصوص بعد صدور القوانين الوضعية التي سببت لنا الكثير من الاشكاليات, وان سبب تلك الاشكاليات هو اختلاف فقهاء المذاهب الاسلامية فيما بينهم في ميراث الاحفاد, لذا ارتاينا بيان اراء المذاهب الاسلامية من كل حالة من حالات ميراث الاحفاد وبعد ذلك بينا الراي الراجح المسند بالادلة الشرعية والذي يعد اكثر الاراء تحقيقا لمصلحة الاحفاد, وبعد بياننا للراي الراجح فاننا نوصي المشرع العراقي باتباع ذلك الراي. وتتلخص فكرة موضوعنا كذلك بالتطرق الى اراء القوانين المقارنة وما مدى اتفاقهوااختلافها للراي الراجح الاكثر تحقيقا لمصلحة الاحفاد, ويتلخص موضوعنا كذلك في مدى امكانية تحقق اركان وشروط ميراث الاحفاد واتعد تلك الشروط والاركان موافقة مع شروط واركان الميراث بصورة عامة ام مختلفة عن ذلك,ومن ثم سنبين كيفية ميراث الاحفاد من خلال التطرق الى حالات ميراثهم وبيان كيفية ارثهم بالفرض والتعصيب والرحم وهل يرث الاحفاد اولاد البنت في حال وجود صاحب فرض او عصب ومن ثم سنوضح ميراث الاحفاد بطريق التقدير والاحتياط؛ لاننا في بعض الاحيان قد نواجه مشكلة كيفية ميراث الحفيد اذا كان (جنينا او خنثى, او مفقودا او اسيرا, او ابن لعان او ابن زنا) وكذلك في بيان ميراث الاحفاد بطريق الوصية الواجبة وما هو سبب النص عليها قانونا وهل يعد تشريع الوصية الواجبة مسند الى الشريعة الاسلامية ام يعد مخالفا لذلك. فضلا عن ذلك سنبين حالات منع الاحفاد من الميراث وحالات حجبهم, ومامدى امكانية حجب الاحفاد من الميراث بالابن او البنت الصلبية, وماهو سبب خلاف المذاهب الاسلامية والقوانين المقارنة في ذلك. | Between Allah Almighty and inheritance in general and determined the bulk of the shares of each inheritor of the inheritance, and followed the Prophet Muhammad, as stated by the Baari and urged people to know the obligations so that people do not differ among themselves shares determined by law and then will cause problematic for the heirs may reach To the killing among them; because most cases of disagreement between people caused by money as well as follow the companions, may God have mercy on them what is stated in the Koran and the Holy Prophet, the son of the inheritance of grandchildren of important topics in the present time and especially after the issuance of laws that caused us a lot of Forms, and the cause of those doubts The mechanisms of the Islamic jurisprudents differ among themselves in the inheritance of the grandchildren. Therefore, we read the statement of the views of the Islamic sects from each case of the inheritance of the grandchildren and then the clear view based on the shar'i evidence, which is the most important view for the benefit of the grandchildren. After our statement of the correct opinion, we recommend that the Iraqi legislator follow That's my view.The idea of our subject is also to address the opinions of the comparative laws and the extent of their agreement and difference of opinion most likely for the benefit of the grandchildren, and the subject is also in the extent of the possibility of achieving the elements and conditions of the inheritance of the grandchildren and set these conditions and elements agree with the terms and elements of inheritance in general or different, and then we will How do the grandchildren inherit by addressing the cases of their inheritance and how to inherit their inheritance and the infarction and the uterus and whether the grandchildren inherit the children of the girl in the presence of the owner of the imposition or nerve and then we will explain the legacy of grandchildren in appreciation and reserve; because sometimes we may face the problem of how to inherit Grandson if (a fetus or hermaphrodite, or missing or prisoners, or the son of li'aan or the son of adultery) as well as in a statement the legacy of grandchildren by way of due commandment and what is the cause of the text by law and whether is due commandment legislation datum to Islamic law, or is contrary to it.In addition, we will show the cases of preventing grandchildren from inheritance and cases of withholding them, and the possibility of withholding grandchildren from the inheritance of the son or the daughter of the daughter, and what is the cause of disagreement between the Islamic schools and comparative laws in it.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: قانون الاحوال الشخصية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: حميد سلطان علي الخالدي
اسم المؤلف: حيدر طه فياض الشمري

اثر التحقيق الاداري في الدعوى الجزائية : دراسة مقارنة Effect of Administrative Investigation in Criminal Case - Comparative Study

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: اصول المحاكمات الجزائية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: مازن ليلو راضي
اسم المؤلف: صالح علوان ناصر عبد النايلي

النموذج القانوني للقاعدة الاجرائية الجزائية The Legal base for the Penalty Procedural Rule

المستخلص: The rules of criminal law have been found as to protect the rights and benefits as needed by any society and the violation of such rights considered the violation of the society security and its stability. This could be done through the rules of criminalization and punishment that could specifies the project through banned behaviors that should be taken into consideration by the society. This could be known as a tasking within these rules and specifying the part that should be applied against the person who violates that behavior. This part is considered as an essential element by which the rules are completed . The state should not apply such element , even though he acknowledges the crime , it ( the state ) should do that through the lawsuit that could be determined by the specialized authority until the issuance of a judgment and that is organized by the penalties procedural rules through which it could search for the availability of terms of such tasking in rules of criminalization and punishment and to show to what extent it could apply the penalty . It is the means by which the rules are to be applied . The rules of law and punishment remain still without the interference of the penalties procedural rules , its goal is to get to the truth for the state 's requirements in the punishment without violating the rights of individuals and their freedoms . It aims to fulfill the balance between the two oppositions, the first one is for the benefit of the society to know the reality and to punish the one who violates the security by committing the crime and the other one is for the benefit of the individuals in their freedoms . This could be carried out by specifying guarantees imposed on the state ; If the punishment be applied on an innocent person , then the effect will be larger on the society than the felon person . The violation of the penalties procedural rules is considered as a violation for the principle of the procedural rules.The law includes rules of penalty procedural bases , these rules are of different types, some of them are specified by the boards and devicesBundertaking the practicing of activities that control the crimes and the devices practicing the activities undertake the formation of these boards and to determine its specializations, this could be called as " Judicial organization" . Of these rules , are means that control the work of the boards and having the authority to take procedures and to show the main elements as to take permitted procedures, taking into consideration the search for the criminals and to collect evidences to investigate with the accused. This could be known as strict penalty procedural rules.As a result of the strict penalty procedural rules included by the law of penalty trials rules , the rules have been known in the light of its goals and they are considered as rules that place sufficient procedures to uncover the reality , to fulfill the criminal justice and to determine the judicial bodies specializing into applying these rules .The procedural rules are to organize the means of the social reaction before the crime and its committers through a set of procedures carried out by the specialized bodies . The rules are to follow up the crime committing and continuing until the issuance of judgment for that. Despite that, the criminal procedures start before the crime take place and they ( procedures) are surrounded with legal guarantees owing to the discovery of crime evidences and to place the person under accusation and permitted to take investigation procedures to confront him ( the accused).Thus , this subject has been taken into consideration for uncovering the philosophical bases of penalty procedural bases and to indicate its rules for securing these different benefits. This could be one by shedding the light on the procedural legal texts concerning with this subject and to indicate to the weak and strong points , then to explain things that impede these texts , entailing the Iraqi judiciary stance and jurisprudence opinions over unsettled matters with scientific legal method within the law of Iraqi penalty trails rules , No. 23 for the year 1971 and comparative procedural laws.Despite of what has been written about the penalty procedural rules , but they ( the rules ) have not sufficiently taken into consideration by the jurisprudence , legislation and judiciary in Iraq. .CFor these reasons, I have found myself to be motivated to write about this subject and I wish that this study will brings benefit to all.By analyzing the texts of penalty trails rules law , we have found that there are many defects in the procedural rules , thus it is necessitated to analyze the procedural rules and its bases and it should address the defects through indicating to the bases that should be taken into consideration within these rules .In our research , we focus on the general philosophical bases of penalty procedural rules and to know the total rules without discussing in details its subject matter , its procedural rules . In have depended on the comparative method for explaining the legal connection with the procedural rules. This could be carried out by comparing of what has been mentioned in the laws and jurisprudent writings , along with the stance of Iraqi judiciary from that ,as to indicate to the weak and strong points in the law of Iraqi penalty procedural rules , using analytical method in the legal texts and judiciary decisions.I have found that to get all sides of this subject , it should divide this research into two researches , the first one is about the penalty procedural rules that includes two chapters , the first one carries the title ( what is the penalty procedural rules ? and the second chapter will be under the title " The analysis of penalty procedural rules", while the second research comes with the title " The legal construction of penalty procedural base" that includes two chapters , the first one is under the title " The reverent benefit in the penalty procedural base, while the second chapter is about " the legal formation for the penalty procedural Rule"
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الجنائي
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: كاظم عبد الله حسين الشمري
اسم المؤلف: شاكر نوري اسماعيل

حدود اختصاص القضاء الدستوري The Idea of self Restrictions in Judicial Review - A comparative Study -

المستخلص: تناول الباحث دراسة حدود اختصاص القضاء الدستوري ـــــ دراسة مقارنة ـــــ لكل من الولايات المتحدة الامريكية ومصر والعراق، لما لهذه الدراسة من اهمية بما تتضمنه من ضوابط تؤدي الى نجاح القضاء الدستوري وازدهاره، حيث يتقيد الاخير بهذه الضوابط عند مباشرة اختصاصه في الرقابة على دستورية القوانين، وذلك ضمانا لعدم احتكاكه بالسلطات العامة سواء السلطة التشريعية ام السلطة التنفيذية، ولمنع الدخول مع اي منها في معركة غير متكافئة، ومن اجل ان تبقى هذه الضمانة ضمن اطارها الفني القانوني دون الدخول في الملائمات التشريعية التي يختص بها المشرع، حيث ان دراسة حدود اختصاص القضاء الدستوري يعتمد اساسا على مبدا الفصل بين السلطات، والذي يقوم على اساس وجود السلطات العامة الثلاث التشريعية والتنفيذية والقضائية، والتي حدد الدستور لكل منها حدود اختصاصهوارسم لها طرق عملها، فلا يجوز لاي منها ان يتعدى هذه الحدود، والا اتسم عملها بعدم الدستورية. | The researcher addressed the study of the limits of the jurisdiction of the constitutional judiciary A comparative study of the United States of America, Egypt and Iraq, because of the importance of this study, which includes the controls that lead to the success and prosperity of the constitutional judiciary, where the latter adheres to constitutionality of these controls when the exercise of its competence in censorship The laws, so as to ensure that it does not engage with the public authorities, either the legislature or the executive branch, and to prevent entry with any of them in an unequal battle, and to keep this guarantee within their legal technical framework without entering into the legislative acts of the legislator, since The study of the jurisdictional limits of the constitutional jurisdiction depends mainly on the principle of the separation of powers, which is based on the existence of the three legislative, executive and judicial branches of government, each of which defines the limits of its jurisdiction and its methods of work, none of which may exceed these limits,or its functioning of unconstitutionality
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: حسين جبر حسين الشويلي
اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد السلام عبد الدائم

النظام القانوني لعقد بناء السفينة Legal regime of shipbuilding contract

المستخلص: The ship is one of the most important means of transport in recent times, as it plays an active role in the field of transport of various go Sea transport by the years takes the most part in the field of international trade. This extensive use of the vessel has resulted in the creation of written and customary rules of law relating to the different aspects of the ship, Whether in its construction, lease or sea voyage. Various aspects of these aspects have been studied and some have been regulated. However, the aspect that did not take part of the legal organization and the jurisprudential studies is the aspect related to the contract of construction of the ship. And increase the importance of research on this subject in Iraqi law because of the lack of regulation of these rules in Iraq.Hence the importance of this study in the elaboration of the legal provisions for the contract of building the ship. The subject has been addressed through three chapters , In view of these developments, we have decided to discuss the contract for the construction of the vessel, which has not been dealt with by our Iraqi legislator until nowWe have started the subject with a statement about the contract of building the ship by looking at the definition of this contract by looking at the images of its construction. We also identified the current method and through which the contract was defined and the most important legal characteristics. The nature of this contract and then we discussed the pillars of the contract of construction and all this in the first chapter of the letter. The second chapter of the letter we devoted to discuss theobligations of each of the parties to the contract of building the ship, we discussed the obligations of the builder and there were three main obligations, namely building the ship in a navigable manner and then delivered and finally committed to ensure the hidden defects, The first part of the chapter, the second section we have allocated to the statement of obligations of the second party (student construction). Including the obligation to pay the price and receipt, and then we discussed the penalty imposed on the construction student in the case of one of the obligations imposed on him. In the last chapter of the letter, we discussed the liability of the ship builders by means of the responsibility and the means of payment in the first section and then the penalties incurred by the builder, which is compensation and dissolution in the second section of this chapte Finally, we have included model shipbuilding contracts to be more precise
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون المدني
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: درع حماد عبد فاروق ابراهيم جاسم
اسم المؤلف: نور حسين علي

التفسير التحكيمي لعقد التجارة الدولي The Arbitral Interpretation of International commercial contract

المستخلص: يعتبر التحكيم الدولي القضاء الاكثر شيوعا لحل المنازعات التي تحصل في علاقات تجارية دولية , فمعظم الشركات في الوقت الحاضر لا تبرم عقد الا اذا كان يحتوي على بند تحكيمي , يتم فيه تحديد القانون الذي سوف يطبق على النزاع المعروض واختيارالاجراءات المناسبة لكي يطبقها المحكم , الا ان هذا الوضع هو ليس دائما , فكثير ما يترك الاطراف هذه المسائل دون تنظيم , مما يعني ذلك اثارة اشكال اخر يتعين على المحكم ان يقوم بحله , وهو لا يقوم باختيار الحل المناسب , كاختيار القانون الذي يحكم العقد او اختيار القواعد التفسيرية المناسبة , الا تلك التي تتفق مع النية المشتركة للاطراف , ومع ذلك قد يختار الاطراف قواعد تفسيرية معينة لكي يتم تفسير العقد على اساسها , الا انه فضلا عن ذلك قد لا يتقيد المحكم بها , كما لو كانت هذه القواعد لاتخدم واقع التجارة الدولية كما لو كانت , تؤدي الى ابطال العقد , فيستبعد المحكم القانون الذي يتظمن مثل هذه القواعد , لكي يقوم بتطبيق قانون اخر تكون قواعده اكثر ملائمة مع التجارة الدولية , كما لو كانت القواعد التفسيرية التي استبعدها تؤدي الى ابطال العقد , والعلة التي يستبعد المحكم مثل هذه القواعد التفسيرية , تتمثل بكون عقود التجارة الدولية لاتبرم بسهولة , وانما تسبقها مفاوضات وجلسات متعددة بين الاطراف , مما يعني نفقات ومصاريف تنفق على العقد قبل ابرامه , كما ان اعادة البضائع مثلا نتيجة بطلان العقد يكون ايضا مكلفا وقد يؤدي ذلك الى تلفها , فيستحسن المحكم ان يستبعد مثل هذه القواعد , ليطبق قواعد اخرى تحكم بصحة العقد , ومن جانب اخر قد لا تؤدي القواعد التي اختارها الاطراف الى ابطال العقد, وانما تكون قاصرة عن تفسير كل بنود العقد , فيمكن للمحكم ان يقوم باستبعادها لكي يقوم بتطبيق قواعد تفسيرية لقانون اخر, يكون بامكانها فهم هذه البنود العقدية , ولا بد من الاشارة الى ان سلطة المحكم في تفسير العقد لا تقتصر على جزء واحد منه , وانما تشمل العقد في جميع جوانبه , منذ صدور الايجاب ومدى اعتباره ايجاب ام لا, الى تنفيذ العقد وهل تحقق اخلال نتيجة لتنفيذ العقد؟ , وما هي درجة الاخلال ؟ , انتهاء الى النتائج والاثار التي يرتبها ذلك الاخلال , كل ذلك يكون محل تفسير للمحكم , ويكون له الكلمة الفصل فيه , كما لو حصل تغير في ظروف العقد او تحقق ارهاق لدى احد الاطراف , فما هو المعيار الذي سوف يتخذ على اساسه تحقق الارهاق, فان تحقق هذا الارهاق او تغير الظروف يدخل تحت سلطة المحكم ومدى تفسيره لهذه الظروف لكي تعتبر قد حققت ارهاقا . | Arbitration is considered as the best way to solve the disputes arising in the international commercial relations. Currently , most companies do not inter into international commercial contracts, unless they contains arbitration terms. Those terms , mostly , denote to the applicable substantive and procedural law chosen by the parties for the contract. However, this is not always the case. Some times the parties don not mention the applicable laws and leave that to the arbitral tribunal. In this case , arbitral tribunal has the discretion to chose the applicable law and the interpretative rules of the contract , but its discretion is restricted by the intention of the parties. Parties intention, as a restriction on the arbitral tribunal discretion, does not take in consideration if it leads to a law or an interpretative rules that do not comply with the nature of international commercial. For example , if the intention of the parties directed to apply a rule which lead to invalidity of the contact , the arbitral tribunal can leave this intended rule and choose another rule which lead to the validity of the contract. The reason behind granting such a discretion to the arbitrator is the special nature of the international commercial contracts concern the complexity of the conclusion and the performance of such contracts. To conclude the International commercial contracts there must be a long and complex negotiations holding by many parties and sessions which need high expenses, as for the invalidity of the contract it may lead to unprepared damage. In such cases it preferred that the arbitrator exclude the intended rules and choose another rules to save the contract. On the other hand, the chosen rules, sometimes , do no not efficient to interpret the whole terms of the contract, which force the arbitrator to apply interpretative rules from another law which can fill the gap in the chosen legal rules. It is to be mention that the authority of the arbitrator in the aspects of the interpretation of the contract does not limited to one part of it , but increase to the whole contract in all its stages starting from the offer and its conditions to be considered as an offer through the performance of the contract, the breach of the contract , to the results and consequences of that breach
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الخاص
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: درع حماد عبد
اسم المؤلف: احمد رعد عباس

النظام القانوني للاسهم او المقدمات العينية The Legal System of Stock or Introduction In Kind

المستخلص: Stock means or introductions in kind as non - cash funds are cash, are offered by one of the founders or by them all in Exchange for a number of cash equity value that they own in the company's capital contribution, these funds are the basis upon which to establish the company and Increase its capital and return those shares is not without flaws are increasing valued this increase are fake no basis to exist, which lead to an unreal picture of the company's capital contribution, thus fooling the audience underwriters , As well as different corporate laws in, determining the basis upon which the founders in their behaviour during the establishment stage, for example specifying a time share ownership transfer in kind to the company owes the contribution still lacked legal authority in her actions, because it is still in the making, but Stock - inkind discriminates from the rest of the other stocks as exceptional and only submitted to company founders, and do not expose to the public offering, which announced the founders as well as they are subject to legal organization assessment procedures for determining monetary value represented in the company's capital contribution. A number of conditions stipulated by the Iraqi legislature in corporate law in force 21 of 1997 amended by order number 64 of 2004 by the Coalition Provisional Authority, presumably achieved when making stock or deposits in kind including limitation on the founders and that during Foundation, as well as the principle should be accountable; they are often offered for sale, transferred to the custody of the company contributing with not allowing the author asked to enter company edema, and other conditions must be fit for the company to achieve its goals, and pain Shared within the legally permitted for subscribe, It follows the stock offering in kind among the legal consequences, including being subject to several stages in their assessment, So it need to a Committee to assess the value of the shares or deposits in kind, but this is not definitive, since the Commission must present a report at the founding meeting of the joint stock company When the vote on the draft joint stock company establishment procedures, a report prepared by the Commission, founding members are also subject to Commission legal question in case their manipulation in stock value inkind, that provided most of the legal.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: فاروق ابراهيم جاسم
اسم المؤلف: قتيبة فرحان عويد

سلطة القاضي الجزائي في قبول الدليل الالكتروني the judge's authority in accepting the electronic evidence A comparative study

المستخلص: The evidence constitutes extreme significance in the field of penal proof as it is the means through which the crime can be detected and its attribution to its criminal with merging new techniques of felonies which are committed by electronic technologies that the traditional evidence may not be useful for such techniques beginning from being originated from electronic virtual media which requires evidence appropriate with such electronic technique and the virtual media from which it originates. Therefore, the judge's penal dealing with the e - evidence became necessity and sometimes vital; particularly, the modern criminality policy allowed to apply the state of art scientific advance requirements to show the fact. So, the judge is not bound with the legal facts but they have the right to have an access to everything leading to assist the judge to form any idea. Accordingly, we attempted to identify the extent of the judge's authority if accepting this evidence and whether such electronic evidence has the evidencing power and effectiveness in such a way to affect the judge's personal satisfaction for ordering their judgment.According to the trouble related with this issue, we divide this study into three chapters. Chapter one adopts the concept of the electronic evidence in three themes : the first one gives definition of the e - evidence and its characteristics and types. The second one shows the selfness through its distinction from the electronic document. The third theme considers the scope of the electronic evidence through studying the electronic felony as it is the electronic felony scene as well as the traditional one.It has been revealed to us that it has several characteristics which distinguish it from the traditional evidence so it needs to an expert to deal with. It is, also, clear that its role is not limited to prove the electronic felonies but it stretches to prove the traditional crimes.Chapter Two addresses the judge's authority in concluding the e - evidence; however, the evidence, in general, is a tool for attaining the fact which automatically appears and it requires to be extracted via lawfully restricted procedures. Since such procedures implies prejudice to the individuals' rights and freedoms. So, this Chapter includes three themes. The first one discusses the tangible procedures which are demonstrated in visual inspection. The second one considers theApersonal procedures where we consider the electronic testimony and then the electronic expertise as it has a role that might be decisive in such sort of evidence. We explain in the third theme how to extract the evidence by state of art technologies as they have key role in obtaining the electronic evidence and that is demonstrated partly in monitoring the electronic visual and audio communications and then the visual and audio monitoring on the persons.Chapter Three goes through the judge's authority in accepting the electronic evidence based on the concept of the judge's satisfaction and the limits of this principle. Then we explain the extent of the judge's satisfaction of the electronic evidence through showing the value of the electronic evidence and the extent of its effect on the judge's conscience in forming his/ her idea as the judge would have the freedom in assessment. Whatsoever the electronic evidence is credible, the e - evidence needs judicial sense which is realized only by the judge so the judge must have electronic technology knowledge so that he/ she can learn and how to deal with such situation.Through hereby study; we conclude that most penal legislations including Iraqi legislation do not explicitly stipulate the electronic evidence; however, it has been endeavored for accepting the electronic evidence before the judge and consider it just secondary link that shouls be supported abd backed by other proofs.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: اصول المحاكمات الجزائية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: بصائر علي محمد
اسم المؤلف: مروى عبد الواحد حسن

تدرج القواعد القانونية التي تحكم العقد في القانون المدني The Progression of the legal Rules that govern the contract in the civil law

المستخلص: ان هذه الدراسة تتناول موضوع تدرج القواعد القانونية التي تحكم العقد في القانون المدني , وهو محاولة متواضعة لتنظيم فكرة التدرج ضمن اطار قواعد القانون الخاص , فهذه الفكرة ليست بدعا من الافكار , وانما هي موجودة داخل النظام القانوني في الدولة , وما هذه الدراسة الا لتنظير هذه الفكرة ضمن اطار القواعد التي تحكم العقد. فالعقد تحكمه ثلاث قواعد وهي ( التشريع , والعرف , والاتفاق) وهذه القواعد اثنان منها خارجية وهما التشريع والعرف وواحدة هي قاعدة داخلية وهي الاتفاق , فالاخيرة تحكم العقد من داخله ومن خارجه , وهذه القواعد لا تكون في مرتبة متساوية , وانما تتدرج فيما بينها فتعلو كل قاعدة على الاخرى , مستندة في ذلك الى صفة القاعدة التي تحكم العقد , فسمو القواعد التي تحكم العقد على بعضها البعض يكون من خلال معايير , تجعل من كل قاعدة تعلو على قريناتها من القواعد الاخرى , وهذه المعايير هي صفة القاعدة التي تحكم العقد فيما اذا كانت امرة او مكملة , بالاضافة الى المعيار الموضوعي الذي يقضي بان القاعدة كلمزاادت في عموميتها ارتقت سلم هرم القواعد القانونية التي تحكم العقد. ان الاساس الذي يستند اليه في سمو القواعد القانونية التي تحكم العقد هو القانون , ونقصد بالقانون هنا هو التشريع , فلولا نص المشرع على تلك القواعد لما امكن القاضي الرجوع اليها لاعطاء الحل الامثل للواقعة المعروضة عليه , وكذلك فان هناك اساسا عمليا يركن اليه لتبرير فكرة تدرج القواعد القانونية التي تحكم العقد , والذي يكون مقتضاه هو ان التشريع لا يمكن ان يعطي الحل لجميع الوقائع وانما يبقى قاصرا عن ذلك بسبب التطور المستمر للمجتمع , وبالتالي فان وضع قواعد عدة يكفل للقاضي ايجاد افضل الحلول للنزاعات التي تعرض عليه , وعليه كان اللجوء الى القواعد العرفية وقانون الارادة خير وسيلة لسد هذا القصور في التشريع . لذلك فان بحث هذا الموضوع يقتضي منا عرض النصوص الخاصة بالعقود المسماة , واستعراضها بطريقة تسهل معرفة مواطن تدرج القواعد التي تحكم العقد, ومدى امكانية وضع سلم موحد ينظمها . | This study deals with the Progression of the legal Rules that govern the contract in the civil law. This modest try is to grade and organize the progression idea within the frame of the private law rules . This idea is not or innovated idea because it has already existed in the State Legal System . However , this study is to find a theory for this idea within the frame of rules that govern the contract. The contract is governed by three rules ( legislation , norms and agreement). While legislation and norms considered as external . The third rule ( the agreement ) is the only base that can be considered as external and internal as it govern the inside and the outside part of the contract. These rules are not graded on the same level . The progression differs according to the character of the rule that govern the contract . Certainly there are some criteria we can follow to give the rule its character as main or subordinate rule . In addition to that there is the subjective curriculum which illustrate that when the general feature of the rule getting higher it gains higher step in the hierarchy of the legal rules that govern the contract. The law itself is the base to decide the highness of the legal rules the law also referred to the legislation . The contexts mentioned by the legislator enable the judge to use them as reference and give the best judgment to the cases in front of him . It also provides a practical base to justify the progression of the legal rules that govern the contract . This justification illustrate that the legislation is still unable to find solution for all the facts because of the on going development of the society . As a result the variety of rules makes the judge able to find the best solution for the conflict in front of him. As a result the research in this subject need to refer to the texts of the mentioned contract . Also to explain them in order to facilitate the identification of the points of progression of the rules that govern the contracts the possibility of making a unified scale to organize them
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون المدني
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: درع حماد عبد
اسم المؤلف: هناء صالح خربيط الدليمي

المخالفة الجوهرية في اتفاقية فيينا للبيع الدولي للبضائع (1980) : دراسة مقارنة Fundamental Breach in the International Contract of Sale of Goods According to Vienna Convention of 1980 (Comparative Study)

المستخلص: ان فكرة المخالفة الجوهرية غير معروفة في دول عديدة ومنها العراق ومصر ، بيد انها تجد احكامها في اتفاقية لاهاي للبيع الدولي للمنقولات المادية (1964) والتي كانت قد استمدتها بدورها من التفرقة الموجودة في القانون الانكليزي بين الشرط (condition) والضمان (Warranty) . بيد ان اتفاقية فينا اقامت لهذه الفكرة نظاما جديدوامبتكر يتعين بحثه وتحليله دون التاثر بمصدره .وقد تاثرت اتفاقية فينا ببعض الانظمة الوطنية والمبادئ السائدة فيها في محاولة منها ان تكون مقبولة من قبل اكبر عدد من الدول وهكذا جاءت احكامها تمثل مزيجا بين القواعد القانونية السائدة في التجارة الدولية وتلك القواعد المستمدة من القوانين الوطنية . والتنظيم القانوني الواضح لفكرة المخالفة الجوهرية نجده في اتفاقية فينا 1980 ، اذ تعرضت فكرة المخالفة الجوهرية في اتفاقية لاهاي لنقد شديد اثار نقاشات طويلة استمر على مدى عدة سنوات من الاعمال التحضيرية التي سبقت اقرار اتفاقية فينا 1980 ، مما ادى الى تبني مفهوم جديد للمخالفة الجوهرية من خلال نص المادة (25) من اتفاقية فينا . واذا تحققت المخالفة الجوهرية ثبت للمتعاقد المتضرر الحق في فسخ العقد او طلب بضائع بديلة ، وتنظم اتفاقية فينا 1980 الفسخ وطلب بضائع بديلة باعتبارها من اعنف الجزاءات التي تترتب على تخلف احد الطرفين عن تنفيذ التزاماته ، وحرصا من الاتفاقية على مراعاة ظروف التجارة الدولية ، لم تستلزم لفسخ العقد اللجوء الى القضاء للابتعاد عن التعقيدات التي تنجم عن ذلك ، كما ان تسليم بضائع بديلة له العديد من الاثار الخطيرة ، اذ ان تطبيق هذا الجزاء يتطلب اعادة البضاعة المسلمة وارسال اخرى مطابقة مما يعني بدوره المزيد من المخاطر والتكاليف ، وتجدر الاشارة الى ان اتفاقية فينا لم تاخذ بالتنفيذ على حساب المدين بوصفه صورة من صور التنفيذ العيني الموجودة في كل من القانون المدني العراقي والقانون المدني المصري . بيد ان هناك حالات يعفى فيها المدين من مسؤوليته وهذه الحالات قد يتم تقريرها بارادة الطرفين او بواسطة نص قانوني كالقوة القاهرة وفعل الدائن . وقد نظمت اتفاقية فينا موضوع الاعفاء من المسؤولية تحت عنوان " الاعفاءات " وذلك بموجب المادتين ( 79 ) ، ( 80) رغم تقصيرها في اعطاء مفهوما له ، ونظمت الاتفاقية الاعفاء على نحو يختلف عما هو عليه في القوانين الداخلية ، اذ انها ميزت ما بين الاعفاء من التعويض الذي يكون نتيجة لوجود " عائق " يمنع المدين من تنفيذ التزامه والاعفاء من الالتزام والذي يكون نتيجة لامتناع احد الطرفين عن تنفيذ التزامه | The study dealt with fundamental breach in Vienna convention for CISG (1980) .The fundamental breach is considered as anew and alien for the laws of countries , as the disruption of contract in the national legislations is not similar and away from the fundamental breach which has been stated in Lahai convention of transported goods (1964) . Vienna convention was affected by some national regulation and the predominant principles in order to be acceptable by larger numbers of countries . Therefore , the provisions came as a mixture between prevailing laws and national laws . The clear legal regulation of fundamental breach exists in Vienna convention 1980 , since the fundamental breach in Lahai convention was severely criticized , this led to deep and long discussions extended for years to prepare the convention outline before the final decisions of Vienna convention 1980 as in article 25 . If a fundamental breach is conducted , this will give the injured contractor the right to terminate the contract or ask for alternative goods . Vienna convention regulates the contract termination and demanding of alternative goods which is considered as a severe penalties resulted from the failure of one party to fulfill its obligations . However , the convention tried to be away from complications , so allowed contract termination without judicature , on the other hand , returning of goods would be with several effects as the goods replacement and reshipping will result in more costs and efforts . Anyway it is worthy to notice that Vienna convention did not take implementation at the expense of the debtor similar to the exact implementation in the Iraqi civil law and Egyptian civil law however . There are some cases in which the debtor can be excused under legal text or agreement of both parties , these cases could be force majeure or the act of the creditor . The issue of exemption of responsibility was regulated in Vienna convention under heading “Exemptions” under articles 79 and 80 , but without providing a clear explanation . The regulation of exemption in Vienna convention is quietly differ from the notional laws , Vienna convention distinguished between the exemption from compensation which resulted from impediment prevents the debtor from execution , and the total execution carried and by one of the parties
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: علي فوزي الموسوي
اسم المؤلف: حفصـــــة بشـــــــير محمـــــود

الرقابة القضائية على تقدير العقوبة الانضباطية : دراسة مقارنة The Judicial control over the assessment of disciplinary punishment A comparative study

المستخلص: تعد سلطة تقدير العقوبة الانضباطية احدى السلطات التي تباشرها الادارة في مجال الوظيفة العامة ، وهي تعني منح الادارة حرية في اختيار العقوبة التي تتناسب مع المخالفة المرتكبة من الموظف نتيجة اخلاله بواجباته الوظيفية ، وتختلف السلطات الانضباطية التي تتولى توقيع العقوبة في الدول المقارنة حسب النظام الوظيفي لكل دولة ، فمنها من اخذ بالنظام الرئاسي ومن اخذ بالنظام القضائي ، وان منح الادارة حرية التقدير للعقوبة يستند الى تخويل المشرع لهذه السلطة على وفق رؤيته بان الادارة هي الاقدر على ممارسة هذه السلطة في مواجهة ظروف العمل الاداري ومستجداته ، وكذلك هي الاقدر على تحديد الاخطاء التي تشكل مخالفة في مجال الوظيفة العامة ، وفي مقابل منح الادارة سلطة التقدير للعقوبة فان المشرع احاطها بضمانات لا بد من مراعاتها عند ممارستها لسلطة التقدير ، منها مراعاة مبدا شرعية العقوبة ، حيث ان المشرع اورد العقوبات على سبيل الحصر ويجب ان تكون العقوبة الموقعة من ضمن العقوبات التي حددها المشرع ، وكذلك لا بد من مراعاتها لمبدا التناسب الذي بموجبه يقتضي ضرورة توقيع عقوبة تتناسب مع المخالفة المرتكبة ، وياتي دور القضاء الاداري لاستكمال دور المشرع في ضرورة تحقيق هذه الضمانات من خلال رقابته على الوجود المادي للواقعة ومراقبته للتكييف القانوني من خلال صحة الوصف القانوني للواقعة وكذلك مراقبته اهمية الواقعة ، فاذا ما خرجت سلطة الادارة عن مسارها الذي وضعه المشرع لها فان القضاء يواجهها من خلال السلطات التي يمتلكها ، فيعمل على الغاء العقوبة اذواقعت على الموظف وكانت مشوبة بعيب من عيوب القرار الاداري التي تجعله محلا للالغاء ، او يخفض العقوبة اذا كانت لا تتناسب مع حجم المخالفة ، او يصادق على العقوبة او يحكم بالتعويض ان كان له مقتضى . | The discretionary punitive authority is one of the powers exercised by the public administration in the public service. It grants the administration the freedom to choose the right penalty that suit the violation committed by the employee as a result of breach his or her duties, the disciplinary authorities that impose sanctions in other comparative countries are differ according to the government employment system of each country. Some of them use the presidential system and other countries uses the judicial system. Granting the power of discretion authority to the administration by the legislator is based on an authorization by the legislator to the administration according to his vision that the administration will do its best to serve the public interest and it will be able to exercise this authority in the best interest of the institution. The administration is also knows how to find and deduct its mistakes when they happen based on their discretionary power, including the principle of the legality of the sentence, since the legislator listed the penalties exclusively, also the penalty imposed shall be one of the penalties specified by the legislator, and the proportionality principle must be taken into consideration. It is necessary to impose a penalty that suit the violation. The judiciary role of the administrative is to complete the legislator's role in the necessity of achieving these guarantees, And monitoring the legal adaptation through the validity of the legal description of the incident as well as its role of controlling the important incidents. If the administrative authority departs from the path that has been set by the legislator, the judiciary faces it by its authorities. The administrative court can abolish the penalty if it does not suit the violation committed by the employee, endorses the penalty or award compensation to one of the parties if needed.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الاداري
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: نجيب خلف احمد الجبوري
اسم المؤلف: اسد موفق جلاب

الدور الرقابي لمكتب المفتش العام في العراق

المستخلص: يعد مكتب المفتش العام في العراق مظهرا جديدا من مظاهر رقابة الادارة على نفسها فقد استحدث بموجب الامر (57) لسنة 2004 والصادر عن سلطة الائتلاف ( المؤقتة المنحلة ) ليكون عين السلطة التنفيذية وذراعها في تصحيح اعمال الوزارات , الا ان ارادة المشرع قد ذهبت الى ان يكون هذا الجهاز هو جهاز يجمع بين الرقابة الادارية الخارجية والرقابة الادارية الداخلية , من حيث منحه بعض الاستقلال المالي والاداري تجاه الادارة في ممارسة اعماله مع منحه مهام وسلطات تظهر فيها الادارة بمظهر الخاضع له وذلك بشمولية رقابته عليها , بالاضافة الى اسناده للبرلمان في ممارسة دوره الرقابي الذي منحه اياه الدستور على اعمال السلطة التنفيذية . وبالمقابل نجد ان مكتب المفتش العام مرتبط بالادارة تنظيميا فهو احد التشكيلات التي تتكون منها الوزارة حيث يعد اعلى جهة رقابية متخصصة تابعة لها , ويتبين من ذلك ان مكتب المفتش العام بسماته هذه يعد جهازا رقابيا اداريا يدعم الرقابة السياسية فعن طريق رفع تقاريره الى البرلمان يستطيع تحريك المسؤولية السياسية ضد الوزير المخالف , وكذلك يستطيع رفع شان الوزارة لان ما يقدمه من تقارير الى الجهات المعنية لا تتضمن فقط الجانب السلبي من نشاط الوزارة بل يتضمن الايجابيات والسلبيات لعمل الوزارات ايضا . ويسعى مكتب المفتش العام من خلال ممارسة رقابته الى تحقيق اهداف معينة يمكن ان نجعلها الغاية التي دفعت المشرع لتاسيس هكذراقابة الواهي مكافحة الفساد الاداري والوقاية منه , فضلا عن اصلاح المنظومة الادارية في الدولة , ولتحقيق هذه الاهداف يمارس جملة من المهام الوقائية والعلاجية وذلك بتطبيق مختلف انواع الرقابة , والتي نجد لها اثارا في جانب القانون الاداري وكذلك الجنائي . ولكي يسلط الباحث الضوء على الدور الرقابي الذي يقوم به مكتب المفتش العام في العراق فقد تم تقسيم البحث على ثلاثة فصول تناول في الفصل الاول منه مفهوم المفتش العام , اما الفصل الثاني فقد تناول تنظيم الرقابة التي يمارسها مكتب المفتش العام , اما الفصل الثالث والاخير فقد خصص لبيان المهام الرقابية لمكتب المفتش العام والنتائج التي تفرزها هذه الرقابة على القوانين الاخرى | The Office of the Inspector - General in Iraq is a new manifestation of the administration's surveillance of itself. It was created under CPA Order 57 of 2004 to appoint the executive branch and its arm to correct the actions of the ministries. but, the legislator's will has tended to be This system combines administrative external control and internal administrative control, in terms of granting him some financial and administrative independence towards the administration in the exercise of his work, as well as the functions and powers in which the administration appear in appearance of the yield and the Comprehensive control of it, In addition to his support for parliament in In the practice of its oversight role, who grant by the Constitution on the actions of the executive branch.On the other hand, the Office of the Inspector - General is linked to the organizational administration, which is one of the formations that comprise the ministry and its supreme Specialized control . The Office of the Inspector - General in this capacity is an administrative supervisory body of a political nature, by submitting his reports to Parliament and making them available to the media and the public, he can move political responsibility against the offending minister .The Office of the Inspector - General seeks through the exercise of its control to achieve certain objectives that can be considered as the purpose that prompted the legislator to establish such control, namely ,anti - administrative corruption and prevention, As well as the reform of the dilapidated administrative system in the State. In order to achieve these objectives, the Office exercises several preventive and therapeutic tasks by applying various types of censorship, Whose results we seek in terms of administrative, and criminal law.To clarify the oversight role of the Iraq Inspector General's Office, the research was divided into three chapters. In chapter I, we discussed the concept of Inspector General. Chapter II deals with oversight organization in the Office of the Inspector - General, The third and final chapter is devoted to the Control functions of the Office of the Inspector - General and the results it reflect in other laws .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: عيسى تركي خلف الجبوري
اسم المؤلف: شعيب صفاء الدين شاكر

اعادة التفاوض في العقود الدولية Renegotiation in international contracts

المستخلص: يحتل موضوع اعادة التفاوض مكانة لا يستهان بها في ميدان العقود التجارية الدولية , وذلك لما له من دور هام وفعال في الابقاء على العلاقة العقدية بين طرفيها كونه يوفر لهما الحرية في تحديد مصير عقدهموافقا لما تقضي به مصلحتهما المشتركة , ومن ثم الابتعاد عن تدخل القضاء او التحكيم في علاقتهما العقدية.وقد اثار اعادة التفاوض جدلا عنيفا بين فقهاء التجارة الدولية , حيث ذهب انصار الاتجاه التقليدي الى القول بان اعادة التفاوض شرط يتفق بمقتضاه الطرفان على محاولة تعديل عقدهما في حالات محددة , في حين ذهب انصار الاتجاه الحديث الى القول بان اعادة التفاوض تقنية يلجا اليها طرفي العقد من اجل معالجة الظروف المتغيرة بعد ابرامه , حتى وان لم يوجد اتفاق يقضي به.بيد اننا نرى بان اعادة التفاوض تقنية يلجا اليها طرفي العقد بغية ملائمته , اي احداث تغيير جوهري او طفيف في بنوده ليكون متناسقا مع الظروف المحيطة به , وذلك في حالة حدوث تغير جوهري في الظروف جعل تنفيذ التزام احد المتعاقدين مرهقا او مستحيلا بصورة مؤقتة , او في حالة تجديد العقد او تمديده لفترة من الزمن , كما ان من الممكن ان يلجا الطرفان الى اعادة التفاوض بغية سد النقص الحاصل في عقدهما , اي خلق التزامات لم يتم الاتفاق عليهواقت ابرامه.قد يكون الاساس القانوني لاعادة التفاوض عقديا , اي ان يتم الاتفاق عليه من خلال ادراجه كبند في العقد , او من خلال وضع اتفاق مستقل يقضي بذلك , فان لم يوجد اي اتفاق بين طرفي العقد يقضي باعادة التفاوض فيه , فلا يحق لاي منهما ان يتمسك به , الا اذواجد نص قانوني يبيح له ذلك , في حين يستطيع اي من الطرفين التمسك به على اساس مبدا حسن النية , وذلك عند حدوث تغير جوهري في الظروف بعد ابرام العقد. وعندما تتوفر احدى الحالات التي تدعو الى اعادة التفاوض , ينبغي على احد طرفي العقد ان يخطر الطرف الاخر بذلك خلال مدة معقولة , وذلك تمهيدا للتباحث فيما بينهما حول تحديد مصيره , فان لم يتفقا على حل معين , فان من حق احدهما ان يرفع الامر الى التحكيم او القضاء لاتخاذ القرار المناسب بشان العقد. ومن الممكن ان يؤدي اعادة التفاوض الى ايقاف تنفيذ العقد , وذلك عند حدوث قوة قاهرة مؤقتة او ظرف طارئ , حيث ان مطالبة المدين بالتنفيذ العيني للعقد تتنافى مع ما يوجبه مبدا حسن النية , اذ ان استمرار المدين في تنفيذ العقد على الرغم من الظروف المتغيرة من شانه ان يجلب له عواقب وخيمة.وتختلف النتيجة التي يؤدي اليها اعادة التفاوض بحسب نجاح او فشل المباحثات بين طرفي العقد , فاذا كانت المباحثات ناجحة , فانها قد تؤدي الى تعديل العقد , او تجديده , او تمديده , او سد النقص فيه , اما اذا اسفرت المباحثات عن فشلها , فانها قد تؤدي الى استمرار سريانه , او استمرار توقفه , او اقالته , او الارتباط مع الغير عقديا , او اعادة التفاوض مرة اخرى حتى وان كان تحت اشراف شخص اجنبي.ويرتب اعادة التفاوض التزامات على عاتق طرفي العقد , سواء اكان ذلك قبل التباحث بينهما , كالالتزام بالحفاظ على العقد , ام كان ذلك اثناء التباحث , كالالتزام بالاستمرار بالتباحث والالتزام بالمحافظة على المعلومات السرية , وعليه فان اخل احد الطرفين بهذه الالتزامات , فان ذلك يؤدي الى اثارة مسؤوليته المدنية , وذلك جراء اخلاله بمبدا حسن النية.وقد تم تقسيم هذه الرسالة الى مقدمة وثلاث فصول , يتناول الفصل الاول ماهية اعادة التفاوض , في حين يتناول الفصل الثاني حالاته واجراءاته , اما الفصل الثالث , فانه يتحدث حول ما ينشا عنه من اثار. | he subject of renegotiation has a significant place in the field of international commercial contracts, because it has an important and effective role in maintaining the contractual relationship between its two parties by providing them with the freedom to determine the fate of their contract in accordance with their common interest and thus avoiding judicial interference or Arbitration in their contractual relationship.The renegotiation has argument among international trade jurists, as traditionalists have argued that renegotiation is a condition under which both parties agree to try to modify their contracts in specific cases, while proponents of the modern trend have argued that renegotiation is a technique used by both parties to the contract In order to address the changing circumstances, even if no agreement was reached.However, we believe that renegotiation is a technique used by the parties to the contract in order to adapt it, to make a material or minor change in its terms to be consistent with the circumstances surrounding it, in the event of a fundamental change in circumstances making the implementation of a contractor's commitment cumbersome or Temporarily impossible , The renewal or extension of the contract for a period of time, and the parties may resort to renegotiation in order to bridge the shortfall in their contract, the creation of obligations not agreed at the time of its conclusion.The legal basis for renegotiation may be contractual, that is to say, it is agreed by its inclusion as a clause in the contract or by establishing an independent agreement so that if there is no agreement between the parties to the contract to renegotiate it, Unless there is a legal provision permitting him to do so, while either party can uphold it on the basis of the principle of good faith, when there is a fundamental change in circumstances after the conclusion of the contract. If one of the parties to the contract is willing to renegotiate, one of the parties to the contract must notify the other party within a reasonable period of time in order to discuss the determination of his or her fate. If they do not agree on a particular solution, Elimination of appropriate decision on the contract.The renegotiation of the contract may result in the suspension of the execution of the contract, in the case of a temporary force majeure or hardship , since the debtor's demand for in - kind execution of the contract is contrary to the principle of good faith, since the debtor's continued execution of the contract despite changing circumstances would bring Has serious consequences.The outcome of the renegotiation varies depending on the success or failure of the talks between the parties to the contract. If the talks are successful, they may lead to the amendment of the contract, renewal, extension or fill its gaps . but If the talks result in their failure, they may lead to Continued implementation of the contract or to The continuation of its suspension ,or dismissal or contact with others contract or renegotiate again even if under the supervision of a foreigner person.The renegotiation arranges obligations on the parties to the contract, both prior to their contract, such as the obligation to maintain the contract, or whether during the discussion, such as the obligation to continue discussing , and saving the confidential information . Accordingly, if one of the parties breached these obligations, it would be liable as a result of violating the principle of good faith.This thesis is divided into an introduction and three chapters. The first chapter deals with the nature of renegotiation, while the second chapter deals with its situations and procedures. The third chapter deals with the effects that arise.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: درع حماد عبد
اسم المؤلف: وهب سامي محيسن محمد

استبعاد القانون الاجنبي المخالف للنظام العام في القانون الدولي الخاص Elliminating the foreign law that violating the public orde In international private law

المستخلص: ان استبعاد القانون الاجنبي المخالف للنظام العام في القانون الدولي الخاص يعتبر من المواضيع المهمة في ظل الانفتاح الذي يشهده العالم في مختلف مجالات الحياة , والذي تقوم فكرته على حماية النظام القانوني الذي يقوم علية مجتمع دولة القاضي , بعد تحقق شروط استبعاده والمتمثلة بان تشير قاعدة الاسناد الوطنية الى تطبيق القانون الاجنبي المختص , وان يكون هذا القانون مخالفا لمقتضيات النظام العام في دولة القاضي الناظر بالنزاع .وعدم وجود قيود تحد من استبعاده والمتمثلة بتماثل احكام القانون الاجنبي مع احكام قانون القاضي او وجود اتفاقية دولية تلتزم بها دولة القاضي الناظر بالنزاع , وكذلك رقابة محكمة التمييز على قضاة الموضوع على اعمال الدفع بالنظام العام في مواجهة القانون الاجنبي المختص. كما ان استبعاد هذا القانون يؤدي الى منع التطبيق الجزئي او الكلي للقواعد الموضوعية الواجبة التطبيق بموجب قاعدة الاسناد الوطنية على النزاع المعروض امام القضاء الوطني بصدد علاقة قانونية مشوبة بعنصر اجنبي , عن طريق الدفع بالنظام العام وان مسالة الاستبعاد هذه تكون نتيجة حتمية ضد القانون الاجنبي المختص , مما يترتب على اثرها احلال قانون القاضي محل الجزء المستبعد من القانون الاجنبي المختص وغير المرتبط بالاجزاء الاخرى وراء هذا الجزء المستبعد. ويقلل من حدة هذا الاستبعاد اثر استثنائي يصلح عليه بالاثر المخفف او الملطف للنظام العام الذي عن طريقه يتم الاعتراف بالحقوق والمراكز القانونية التي تنشا خارج دولة القاضي ,بشرط عدم تعارضها بشكل صارخ مع النظام العام الوطني, لان في حالة تعارضه يتم اعمال الدفع بالنظام العام بجميع اثاره دون اي تخفيف .وكذلك يتم احترام الحقوق المكتسبة في دولة اجنبية يتوافق نظامها العام مع النظام العام الوطني عن طريق الاثر الانعكاسي للنظام العام | Elimination the foreign law violating public order in private international law is an important subject matter in light of the openness of the world a various fields of life. Its idea is to protect the legal system of the jurisdiction society upon realizing its elimination’s conditions represented by the application of foreign order through referring to the basis of national regulations. This order has to violate the requirements of public order within that jurisdiction settling the dispute depending on the following : The absence of restrictions that limit its elimination by the identification of the provisions of the foreign order with the provisions of the law of jurisdiction. The existence of an international convention committed by the jurisdiction in charge of the dispute and also the censorship of the Court of Cassation against facing the relevant foreign order. Eliminating this law also leads to deter the partial or total application of the substantive rules applicable under the national attribution rule over the dispute before the national courts in connection with a legal relationship suspected of a foreign element through a public order. As such, the issue of elimination is an inevitable consequence against the relevant foreign law, which would have the effect of putting the jurisdiction order in place of the eliminated part of the relevant foreign order disconnecting with the other parts behind that eliminated part. An exceptional effect mitigated such elimination called the mitigated public order by means of which rights and legal powers, originating outside the jurisdiction, will be recognized, if there are not much contradiction with the national public order. As such, the acts of public order will be valid with its all sequences without any mitigation. Moreover, the rights acquired in a foreign state whose public order is consistent with the national public order are respected by the reflexive effect of public order.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الخاص
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: بشير جمعة عبد الجبار الكبيسي
اسم المؤلف: عدنان يونس مخيبر

اثر الاستثمار الاجنبي على قواعد القانون الدولي الخاص The impact of foreign investment on the rules of private international law

المستخلص: على الرغم من ان عقد الاستثمار الاجنبي يعتبر من العقود الدولية والتجارية المهمة التي لها الدور الكبير في تطوير العجلة الاقتصادية للبلد , الا انه لم يحظى بتعريف جامعا مانعا , فبدا كل من له شان في ذلك يحاول ان يضع تعريفا معين كمحاولة منه للوصول الى ابعاده , وحاولت التشريعات ايضا ان تضع الخطوط العريضة لفكرة الاستثمار , ويعتبر عقد الاستثمار من العقود المشوبة بعنصر اجنبي وبالتالي فيخضع بالاصل الى قواعد القانون الدولي الخاص , ولكن من باب مفهوم المخالفة يكون لعقد الاستثمار الاجنبي التنازل عن هذه القواعد والتخلي عنها , وذلك بالخروج من نطاق الخضوع لها بتطبيق مبادئ اخرى تختلف تماما عن مبادئ القانون الدولي الخاص , وتتمثل هذه القواعد بقواعد قوانين اخرى قد ارتضوا الاطراف بتطبيقها بدلا من قواعد القانون الدولي الخاص , وتشمل قانون الدولة المتعاقدة , وقواعد القانون الدولي العام , وقواعد قانون التجارة الدولية .وبما ان عقد الاستثمار الاجنبي قد اعطى للاطراف مكنة اختيار القانون الواجب التطبيق على العقد , فمن باب اولى ان يكون للاطراف الحرية في اختيار الوسيلة المناسبة , والتي تلائم موضوع العقد لفض المنازعات الناشئة عن العقد سواء كانت وسيلة من الوسائل الودية او القضائية | Although the foreign investment contract is considered one of the important international and commercial contracts which has a great role in developing the economic wheel of the country, it did not have a definition of a preventative society, so everyone who tries to define a specific attempt to reach its dimensions, Also to outline the idea of investment and the contract of investment contracts of foreign element and therefore subject to the rules of private international law, but from the concept of the violation is the foreign investment contract to waive these rules and abandon them, out of the scope of submission to Other principles that are completely different from the principles of private international law. These rules are the rules of other laws which the parties have agreed to apply rather than the rules of private international law, including the law of a Contracting State, the rules of general international law and the rules of international trade law. The parties have the choice of law applicable to the contract. First, the parties have the freedom to choose the appropriate means, which are appropriate for the subject matter of the contract to settle disputes arising out of the contract, whether by means of amicable or judicial means.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الخاص
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: القانون
اسم المشرف: بشير جمعة عبد الجبار الكبيسي
اسم المؤلف: اخلاص عوفي شرقي الكناني

شكالية تاويل الفن في فلسفة جادامير

المستخلص: The importance of Hermeneutics lies in the uncovering of semantic and prose potentials in renewal way of texts, especially when these texts are transmitted from one period to another. Therefore Gadamer presents us ,through his hermeneutic line, how it is possible for hermeneutics to be active in the process of explanation of artistic work, as being a transfer for the truth experience, which becomes in need to the interpretation of its beneath details.This thesis is intended to reflect the problem of the interpretation of artistic works in the light of solitude which the aesthetic awareness suffers from. As a result of the dominance of aesthetic value and the human factors that attested to its form. The concentration will be on the formal side which the philosophy of Kant has influenced a lot in its formation. Works of arts become flavored with ambiguity, and as a result the ability to judge is partially lost that our race included our conversation or not. Gadamer dealt with that problem and tried hard to fix it in corporation with hermeneutics which is concerned with understanding and interpretation. These works, related to art, need hermeneutic device for their interpretation.The whole thesis is divided into introduction and three chapters, then ends with conclusion. Introduction includes theBsubject of the thesis and its methods. Chapter one includes the concept of hermeneutics from linguistic, historical, terminological point of view. A historical scale is done for hermeneutics in Greek philosophy, then to middle, and finally modern philosophy. Chapter two includes the biography of Gadamer and the most significant notions of his philosophy, i.e., hermeneutics : truth and method, understanding, interpretation, explanation, language and conversation, and the role of judgment in which Gadamer tried to achieve historical correspondence between the art of past and art of present.Chapter three includes the semantic aspect of solitude, with some aid of Greek philosophers, contemporary ones, with subjective contribution to judge upon some aesthetic values . In addition Gadamer's treatment of solitude in relation to aesthetic distinction is taken into consideration. It aspects of Gadamer's attempts to identify the truth which artistic works reflect. An emphasis is laid upon the element of contribution and is divided into two types : one is semantic arts and the other is dramatic arts.The significance of this study is attributed to several reason1 - the connection between aesthetic parts with truth. That is through the form which reflects the inner side.2 - the concentration of Gadamer on ontological side of art thatis through arts that depend on theatre. That thing reflects the style of show. Besides it shows the way in which semantic ontology of works depends on the style of acting.3 - Gadamer does not refuse aesthetics which depends on the role of taste but rather on formal aspects which makes the problem of solitude deeper in modern age.4 - Gadamer pays attention to temporal aspects of artistic works to dismiss solitude of aesthetics and historical awareness. Therefore one must limit any correspondence between such past time works and modern ones, at the same time each one keeps its peculiar feature and private distinction
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المؤلف: غصون عبد محمد

القراءة العلمية التاريخيه للفكر الاسلامي عند محمد اركون

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المؤلف: وسام صبيح عبد الحسين

النفس عند ابن عربي 1226 - 1286

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 1974
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: صالح الشموع
اسم المؤلف: كيورك مرزينا كرومي ال قابو

الاخلاق والدين في فلسفة جان جاك روسو MORALS AND RELIGION IN JEAN - JACQUES ROSSEAU'S PHILOSOPHY

المستخلص: Rousseau is among the most prominent figures who actively participated in pointing out problems which hit society in the eighteenth century. He endeavored to get rid of these problems by looking for reasons behind them which transformed the society. These are represented with slavery and inequality among people. He sought for a system free of slavery and luxury, the reasons behind moral disintegration and religion deterioration. He was interested in resolving these problems. He put a plan to get rid of these problems and suggested the best solutions, among which are moral and religious. He found out a social system in which everybody lives under social justice laws which strive to the domination of the right, this will never happen unless people hold contracts among them, then sovereignty will become in the hand of people. This system is inapplicable unless people adopt two types of religion; the religion of individual and that of the state. The religions adopt tolerance, counter sectarian fanaticism and step aside of any factor that spoils the righteousness of the society. This, in turn, keeps society safe and ensures its existence and prosperity. The thesis is of three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one is entitled "Rousseau's life and scientific biography". It included three sections, section one is (phases of his life), two (his ideas' resources) and section three (his influence on western thought). Chapter two, "Morals of Rousseau), is divided into five sections : (Morals in nature and in civil case), (Equality and Morals), (Happiness for Rousseau), (Virtue and depravity) and (Moral consciousness). Chapter three, "Religion in Rousseau view", is divided into two sections, section one discusses (Religious education) and section two deals with (Types of religions in the view of Rousseau). The study ends up with a conclusion of the most prominent outcomes
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم سلمان الشمري
اسم المؤلف: جيهان عبد الخالق عبد الكريم السعدي

الفلسـفة النسـوية السـياسية المعاصرة من الماركـسية الـى ما بعد الحـداثـة

المستخلص: تنطلق النسوية من رؤية تعمل من خلالها على ازاحة العلاقة الفاصلة بين الجنسين تاسيسا لقيم انسانية مشتركة تكفل بها حق العدل والمساواة بينهما، متبعة حلولا فلسفية - سياسية، فلسفية : بوصف الفلسفة خطابا انسانيا لا يمكن ان يسكت عن قضايا التهميش الحاصلة للنساء، وسياسية : تسعى بها الى رفع الظلم عن الجنس البشري عامة وتحرر المراة بصورة خاصة مما يتيح الافادة من قدراتها. ان محاولة السير برفقة الفلسفة، لتصحيح مزاعم النزعات الابوية بعدم قدرة المراة على التفكير، ولاثبات هويتها، بوصفها كائنا انسانيا تدفعه طموحاته الفكرية الى ممارسة التفلسف، هو المحاولة التي نسعى لترسيخها، بما تتضمنه من الدفاع عن حقوق النساء وازالة كل لبس واشتباه اسبغ على وجودها عمدا او من دونه. جاءت هذه الاصلاحات الفلسفية - السياسية عبر ثلاثة اجيال يضم كل جيل منها عدة توجهات فلسفية سياسية، وهي النسوية الليبرالية : تدعو الى المساواة في الحقوق بين الافراد بغض النظر عن تمايزاتهم الجنسية سواء في حرية التعليم او الانتخاب او العمل وغيرها، كما وتعالج قضية المراة في الاسرة وتدعو الى التوافق بين المجالين العام والخاص، والنسوية الماركسية : تنحو باتجاهين، احدهما ينصب في طرح حلول تدافع عن الجنس البشري ككل، بخلاصه من الصراع الطبقي، والاخر يطرح علاقة المراة في الاسرة، ويدعو الى نقد الهيمنة داخلها والتي جاءت بوصفها امتدادا لفهم صراعي بين ظالم ومظلوم؛ عليه تجهد الى تخليصها من تلك التبعات العقيمة والمفتعلة ضد المراة، كما ولتجعل من اسس التعامل التشاركي مع الاخر طيعة لتاخذ بالتجاوب معه، والاعتراف باختلافاته الفكرية او البيولوجية. اما النسوية الوجودية فهي تدعو الى تطوير قدرات المراة كي تعي نفسها، ولتكون ذاتا فاعلة، بدلا من جعلها موضوعا يرتهن وجوده للاخرين ومن اجلهم. ومع نسوية الاختلاف، او مابعد الحداثة نكشف همها في التركيز على السمات الجوهرية للجنسين، وتطالب باحترام غيرية الاخر، مستعينة بالنقد التفكيكي والمابعد حداثي في نفي التمايزات بين الرجل والمراة وكسر هذه الثنائية.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: علي عـبود المحمداوي
اسم المؤلف: سهاد حميـد ذياب

الوجود بين الاصالة والاعتبار : دراسة مقارنة بين صدر الدين الشيرازي وهيجل Existence between originality and Consideration A Comparative Study between ?adr ad - D?n Sh?r?z? & Hegel

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: هبة عادل ابراهيم العزاوي
اسم المؤلف: محمد هاتو عزيز الشرع

فلسفة اللغة في الفكر الغربي المعاصر تشارلس بورس انموذجا Philosophy of Language in the thought of contemporary western " Charles Purs

المستخلص: Charles Sanders Peirce is considered one of the most brilliant contemporary scientists and philosophers of Western Thought. He developed pragmatism which he takes as a methodology for the elucidation of concepts in so far as it helps in setting up a theory ofsemiotics which is nor more than a foundation for building vocabulary meaning. As for precedence, Peirce's semiotics is prior in its exemplary presentation as well as being precedent over Saussure's Semiology. The general layout of Peirce's theory is triplex which is original and is affected greatly by Kant's critical philosophy, especially by the ideas of the book entitled "Critique of Pure Reason". Peirce reduced the world and everything in it, including man as being a reasonable entity, to a group of signs which may never go out of three phanerscopic categories laid by his phenomenology. Phanerscopy to him is a description of a phaneron, which is the collective total of all that is in any way or sense present to the mind, quite regardless of whether it agrees with any real thing or not. Peirce replaces direct experience as well as direct vision which needs no proof by scientific experience. The idea to him has become as the delimitation of scientific consequences which are probable to come out of its conception. Our conception of these consequences is a comprehensive conception of the subject matter, where an individual conception is deficient for it has both the implied and the potential. This is why he depends on the collectivity of research, upon which he would found the basis for agreement in respect to the tree dimensions of a sign.Peirce's semiotics does not come out of the linguistic sign alone, but out of the world around us because it is semiotics of representation, interpretation, and reference. This Peirce's semiotics is no more dependent upon logic, but is considered along with logic by him as one thing. The three logical phaneroscopic categories are : 1 - Firstness : it is the category of sensation, feeling, and qualities. The world of the probable.2 - Secondness : it is the world or realization. The world of the objects as they are.3 - Thirdness : The world of the law, idea and reference. All ideas have to belong to these categories. The existence of such knowledge specific to things helps in the continuation of reasoning; and, in so far as all reasoning is incomplete, attempts continue to compensate for such shortage. This is because scientific experience and looking for govern the level ofknowledge.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: هبة عادل ابراهيم العزاوي
اسم المؤلف: سحر كريم عبد العالي

اشكالية الانسان عند دستويفسكي

المستخلص: ان اختلاف الباحثين حول دستويفسكي كل بحسب مايملي عليه خطابه وطبيعة الحقل الانساني الذي ينتمي اليه ، لهو دليل قوي على ما تشكله كتابات ذلك العبقري من زخم ابداعي وروحي تغترف منه الدراسات الانسانية ويتاثر به الفلاسفة والمفكرون ورجال المعرفة. بيد ان ذلك الزخم ما كان له ان يتمظهر وان ياخذ محله ومكانته المرموقة لولا ظهور باحثين مهتمين وجادين وفقا لاعتبارات معرفية بوصفها نصوصا تشتمل على الرؤية المتاملة للواقع الانساني، فضلا عن انفتاحها على جوهر الحياة الانسانية بجوانبها الواقعية، وعلى الصعد الجمالية والاخلاقية والثقافية والسياسية, اذ تعاملت مع الشعرية والفن ليست كونها امتاعا او مؤانسة بل كونها وثائق تشكل هما انسانيا عايشه الكاتب وتعايش معه وقدم له روحه وخياله الذي لا ينبغي ان ينظر اليه بنظرة منقوصة القيمة , لانه وسيلة من وسائل الكشف عن الطبائع البشرية كما لاحظنا عند دستويفسكي مثلما لاحظنا عند ابن طفيل في قصته( حي بن يقظان ) وكما نجده عند نيتشه وسارتر وكامو و...و... . نعم , يكاد يكون كل اؤلئك الفلاسفة وغيرهم ان يقدموا تصوراتهم بطرائقهم الخاصة، ليرسموا لوحاتهم التي تميزهم كل حسب اسلوبه, لكن دستويفسكي اختلف عنهم بنقطة انه لم يدع الى مذهب اومنهج او الى سلوك فكري مباشر على طريقة الفلاسفة الخلص , بل ولد الكاتب فنانا انجر بتجربته الشعرية من خلال روائعه - انعطافا وصيرورة لكشفه الجديد00 الانسان، وبذلك بزغت تساؤلات حول اعادة قراءاتنا الفلسفية للنصوص الابداعية الشعرية ومنها الروائية بعدما اقترحنا في دراستنا هذه مفهوم شعرية التفكير كاطار تلتقي فيه التاملات الشعرية بالتساؤلات الفكرية من دون صدام. وهذة دعوة لقراءة تلك(الابداعات)لالنعرف هل سيتزوج البطل حبيبته في نهاية القصة ؟ولا لمعرفة قدرة الكاتب في وصف الشخصيات والامكنة بقدر ماتمثلة تلك الشخصية لنا وما تلامسه من حقيقة وجودنا وما نرتبط به من خلالها وماتطرحة من مشكلاتنا وتساؤلاتنا المستمرة ومعاناتنا التي تبدو وكانها ازلية , نقراها كما قراها ماريو بوزو مؤلف رواية (العراب ) عندما سئل عن دستويفسكي فاجاب انه شعر بذنب الجريمة التي اقترفهرااسكولينكوف بكى كثيرا لمصير متشكين بطل (الابله)فضلا عن انه قد وجد ذاته في (الاخوة كارامازوف)0 ان مثل تلك القراءة المنتجة للرواية تعيد مفهوم القراءة نفسها حول الفلسفة ومهمتها وموضوعاتها كما انها تعيد طريقة قراءتنا للرواية بوصفها فنا انسانيا كونيا. وبالنتيجة يمكن الاستفادة من المناهج جميعها في تحليلاتها الفنية والجمالية 0فضلا عن ما تطرحه من افكار, ووصلت الدارسة هذة الى ان دستويفسكي اخذ دور الريادة في كشفه عن اعماق ذواتنا ومدى رصيدنا في ملامح شخصياته مثلما نجد مدى توغل شخصياته بنا اذ لم تزل تتحرك بداوخلنا0 صحيح ان الشخصيات من نسج خيال الكاتب لكنها في الوقت نفسه قابعة فينا نحن البشر الواقعيين نستشعرها ونتفهمها وتلوح لنا احيانا في محاولتنا لفهم الروح والعالم والميتافيزيقيا, وهذا سبب اخر يدعونا للمطالبة بفتح ملف قراءة الاعمال الادبية والفنية فلسفيا وثقافيا , كونها السبل المهمة في التفكيرلتفسير علاقة الانسان الوجودية اذ تنطلق من اكثر المصادر والينابيع الانسانية رهافة وشفافية واحساسا .. الا وهي المخلوقات المبدعة من امثال الشعراء والادباء والفنانين والعباقرة0ونحن واثقون تمام الثقة بما ستؤول اليه تلك المشاريع المعرفية من ثراء ونحن ولما تحققه من نتائج روحية كبيرة0 ليس هناك ماهو اكثر تعبيرا عن الانسان سوى الانسان والشخصيات الروائية الكاركاتيرية في اثناء تحركاتها تدفع التفكير نحو محاولة فك لغز الانسانية واشكالياتها المرهفة في الحرية والخير والشر والقيم, والشخصيات الروائية لاسيما عند دستويفسكي تتعامل وتتاثر بالاشكاليات تلك ويتقرر مصيرها بالاستناد عليها ومن جرائها , لذلك وصلت هذه الدراسة الى نتيجة ان الكاتب حاول جاهدا من منطلق عبقريته وانسانيته، ان يشخص عيوب الممارسات النظرية للنماذج الثقافية والفكرية , وعلى هذا الاساس لم تكن كتابات دستويفسكي مجردة من النقد للانظمة الثقافية ولاسيما في اهمالها المباشر لكل ما هو خارج نطاقها الشخصي . فكان ناقدا لاذعا لما يجري حوله من صراعات بين التيارات والاتجاهات السياسية والاجتماعية , وقد اكسب ذلك الرؤية لدى الكاتب خبرة جديدة واضافت للدراسة قيمة زاخرة بالحيوية ووسمت الاشتغال على تلك النصوص بميسم الابداع نفسه, ذلك ان دستويفسكي نفسه كان قد حقق قطيعته المعرفية وانفصاله المبدع مع كل الانظمة الثقافية التي كان قد انتمى لها في وقت سبق ظهور ابداعاته وبالتحديد سبق مدة السجن ، هذا من جهة التفكير, اما من جهة ابداعه الفني قد اوجد نظام الرواية متعددة الاصوات , متعددة الوعي ليفتح بذلك فصلا جماليا اخر يطل به على الانسانية المعذبة ليؤسس بذلك تكاملا فنيا فكريا فريدا . هذا وقد وجدنا خلال الصفحات السابقة عدم فاعلية بعض المناهج النفسية التي حاولت تفسير العمل الادبي بوقوعها في مازق التعاطي المرضي للكاتب وهذا ابعد شيء عن الابداع الذي نعتبره مظهرا عبقريا وخارقا ,لا اعاقة حتى لو كانت على مستوى شخصيات الكاتب . كما اننا لاحظنا ملاءمة مناهج اخرى لدراسة النص المبدع، كما وجدنا في الظاهراتية التي تتفق والمبدع في ان الابداع ومضة خلاقة تبرق داخل الوعي فتضيء به الاشياء عبره , ليحافظ بذلك على روحية العمل الابداعي وتحفظ الاعتبار للكاتب وللمخلوقات الروائية وتؤمن لها تحركاتها داخل المجال السردي كونها مجسات لاختبار الذات والعالم وما فوقهما.وتدفعنا كذلك ظروف القرن التاسع عشر الذي عاشه الكاتب وظروفنا الحالية في المنطقة الى الحاجة لان نركن قليلا الى الركائز الثقافية الروحية والايمان بالقدرة الشعبية في ادراك اختلافاتنا التي يمكن لها ان تجد طريقها الى الزوال اذا ما ادركنا حقيقة انتمائنا الى الارض العراقية كما امن دستويفسكي من قبل بشعبية روسيا .. ونجد في تعزيز الروح الشعبية تكاملا اخلاقيا وثقافيا, لانعاش الواقع بشكل عام. | My thesis includes(problematic of human at Dostoevsky) many aspects handled the genius of Russian writer which appeared through his novelistic writings and articles. Fedor Michaelotch Dostoevsky was and still a godfatherTo all cognitive methods whether it was anthropological, philosophical,Psychologiccal or genological….etc.. Yes. Dostoevsky inspired cognitive and human Fields by his novels and this consider an achievement it self , how so ever , if we know that his technical genius has enriched and full Art and fine art world ?Hence , My concern in Destoveski divot one self about his achievement in probe the essence of human nature and the way of human thought and his understanding ,Especially , in his unusual circumstances which are : Sickness , prison and crime….etc .I suggested at the beginning of thesis what I called it ((Poetical thought)) and it is a field where meet poetry and thought , as German famous philosophy err (Hedger)Noticed and consolidate it the modern human studies as well .The poetical ness of thought leans on meeting the genius with creativity to caret a special world for artist where the artistic work is a creative vast space and meditative field where there is no necessary to separate between them , on the contrary , the thesis reached to that every genuine philosophical activity is based on imagination as the philosophical status guo was before Socrates. Dostoevsky realized that , as well the essence of human contrast inside the human mind and psychological behavior where the writer saw the originality of this paradox in the human consciousness .As we clarified before that poetical ness of thought is one of important means to expose what the writer enjoy with.So Anthropology of human being at Dostoevsky doesn’t aim to expose the roots of ideas at human being and doesn’t search to non - thought out , but exceed that reaching to pioneer attempt of Dostoevsky .To live with the moment of death , this lost moment .Thus he is one of the extraordinary writers who entered the fantasy of death to expose the maximum conscious and unconscious status of human being in that escape moment .Also we depended basically in this thesis on novelistic novels of writer , in addition , to his journalistic articles and we focused on his famous novelistic works , especial , (Karamazof brother , Crime and punishment , Idiot , memories from dead house , human of underneath world and the devils) due to these great novels carried important questions materlized ideas of Autor and his philosophical visions whether he was convinced of or not .Maybe some one asked ? what is the meaning to expose the writer what he was not convinced of . The answer is : The genius of Dostoevsky lies in that point exactly .Also the excitement during his study .Through his Anthropological , poetical , and philosophical method , the writer created what it is called (the multi - voices novel) . This novel which is considered a unigue artistic discovery invented by the writer .And this novel imposes multiple voices , which are multiple views of personalities inside the novel .In conclusion , this will ensure multiple consciounessAnd variation of its steps , then multiplicity and difference of writers ideas and ideas of the personalitiesIn harmonic way . therefore ; the ideas is no longer related to Autor inside the novel . And the Autor is no longer responsible about ideas of his characters ,All that weer molded in controversial from to substitute the opinions where multiple points of views are mixed .In consequence , Dostoevsky had inaugurated doors and gates of twentieth century's consciousness who died before witnessed it through escalating the spiritual and moral crisis of human .We expose the dimensions of dialogic knowledge which contains centers of multiple voice or voices inside the novel through narration .And we show position of the other in producing the dialogic knowledge as a basic part in the equation and important element to Dostoevsky success and to expose his genius .And our understanding in how deep is the problematic of freedom as describing a crossroads , Either human tend a cross it to the abyss or towards the spiritual elevation . we clarified the degree of clashing the valuable systems inside the spaces of freedom .Dostoevsky s vision introspected the cultural situation during nineteenth century . And we showed the effortsOf writer and his ideas to assimilate idea of the cultural perfection at the beginning of critical situation . to the common cultural manners among the intellectuals of his era , precisely , among the radicals - Libertarian intellectuals and the extremists - Nationalists Slavic . The cultural theory of Dostoevsky become crystallized taking the mediation a wide path , consolidating with Russian people and with popular indentation of the farmer , because it is the genuine appearance to the Russian culture with its manifestations (religious - Christianity - Orthodox) and on the other hand , the simple popular nationalism of farmers , imitating his ancestor (Bushkin) , poet of Russia who is closed to Dostoevsky s heart who made him an example to the dialogue of world and to sustain the cultural side in treatment of the real world and diagnosis its problems and suggesting a form of solution .His novel (the devils) materlized all that , it was caricature to all movements of the culture in czarism Russia to put informs of the world a human has opened consciousness who faces the problems of the world to be a creative vivid guide produced by a writer , poet , artist and novelist making from his .All writing a field for mixing , harmony , dialogue and struggle of ideas within path of writing s aestheticisms .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2006
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: مدني صالح
اسم المؤلف: جاسم بديوي وادي

البيوتيقا : دراسة في الاخلاقيات المعاصرة لعلوم الحياة

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: هبة عادل ابراهيم العزاوي
اسم المؤلف: ولاء جبار شنين

فلسفة التربية عند هربرت سبنسر Spencer's Philosophy of Education

المستخلص: The main idea which has dominated on all of the themes of Spencer's philosophy is the idea of development and he was the first who apply this idea as inclusive apply in all fields , and because the education is one of his philosophy themes he built his educational philosophy on the base of his developmental ideas so that his educational thoughts becomes with no doubt as a main theme of a modern educational thoughts in a manner, we require a closer look at the origins of educational philosophy and its branches and its goals .And to achieve my goal from the remarkable research "Philosophy of Education for Herbert Spencer " The plan came, which includes : The first chapter was titled " His life and his era and his philosophy " and it is in three parts the first one was about Spencer's life , and the second one is about the circumstances of the era which he lived in and it includes two themes they are : the political reality and the scientific reality which impact on him, his thoughts effected on his era. While the third chapter we talked about Herbert philosophy and its influence on his educational philosophy it includes three Main themes the first one is Involuntary Spence's attitude on religion and science, the second one is the relationship between philosophy and science in Spence's philosophy, and the third one is about the development law.The second chapter was titled " the philosophy of education for Spence " it was divided into 4 main parts the first one was on the subject of Spence's attitude of education at his era, it contains two themes they are : Spencer's criticism of the education system and his presented of the sciences which must be taught, while the second one was about " Mental education " and Spencer's criticism of the style of education in mental education as well as the principles of teaching in the education industry, then we explained the educational teaching methods from the perspective of Spencer. In the third chapter we talked about Moral Education Regarding the normal penalty of education and the need for natural educational penalty for Spencer. The fourth chapter is about Physical education, it contains three themes : the first in is about the importance of education for Spencer and the second one is about the methodology of Spencer in education Physical and psychological education, while the third one is about The impact of mental effort on physical health.The third chapter was titled " the education and its relationship to morality and society and politics " it contains three parts the first one was about Education and morals and it has a multiple themes such as Moral development for Spencer, and the moral rules, and the concept of moral education for him, and What selfishness, altruism, and Relative and absolute morality for him. And he made the second one in a subject of Education and community we talked here about Spencer's opinion in society, its kinds , and its development steps. It shows the similar faces between the humanitarian society and the Organism, Beside talking about the rights as a necessity in the educational process, and the third chapter on the subject of education and politics it contains three themes : the first on is the development of Political Thought for Spencer, and the second one was about the ideology of political parties for Spencer, and the third one was about An attempt to clarify the educational policy system for Spencer.While the fourth chapter entitled " The presence of educational philosophy of Spencer in modern western Thought " It has been divided into three parts : the first one is held in the presence of Spencer in England Thoughts, the second one was about Herbert Spencer present in European Thought, and the third one was about Herbert Spencer in American Thought.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: علي عبد الهادي المرهج
اسم المؤلف: نسرين خليل حسين

جدلية الدين والدولة في الفكر العربي المعاصر برهان غليون انموذجا The Dialectics of Religion and State in the Contemporary Arabic Thought (BurhanGhalyun as a Model)

المستخلص: يمثل مشروع برهان غليون واحد من اهم المشاريع الفكرية والسياسية التي انتجها الفكر العربي المعاصر كونه يعالج ما يجرى على الساحة العربية والاسلامية من نقاشات وحوارات وتناقضات التي تفرز من هنا وهناك حول مفاهيم الدين والدولة . ومن هذا المنطلق سعيت الى تقديم عرض موجز للابعاد النظرية لكل من مفهوم الدين ومفهوم الدولة في الفصل الاول من الرسالة وتناولت ايضا علاقة الدين في الدولة في السياقات التاريخية الغربية والعربية . وفي الفصل الثاني تناولت اشكالية العلاقة بين الدين والدولة من منظور التجربة الاسلامية بدءا من المجتمعات البشرية الاولى وانتهاءا بصعود حركات الاسلام السياسي الذي يصفها غليون بانها حركات سياسية واجتماعية هدفها السلطة وليس التمسك بالدين . وفي الفصل الثالث والاخير تناولت العلمانية والديمقراطية في سياقاتهما التاريخية العامة وتناولت ايضا العلمانية عند برهان غليون ومعوقات التحول الديمقراطي حيث يرى غليون بانه لا يمكن الحديث عن اي نجاح للتجربة الديمقراطية في الوطن العربي في ظل توفر هذه العوائق وتناولت ايضا الحداثة الذي يصفها غليون بانها حداثة رثة وبالتالي فهي حداثة خالية من القيم الابداعية والفكرية والحرية والمساواة | BurhanGhalyun's project is one of the most important intellectual and political projects that the contemporary Arabic thought has ever produced, since it deals with current Arabic and Islamic debates, dialogues, and discrepancics that stem out here and there about Religion and State concepts. This forms the first chapter, which deals with abrief presentation of the conceptual dimension of the concept of Religion and that of State, highlighting, meanwhile, the connection between Religion and State within Western and Arabic historical contexts.The second chapter deals with the controversial connection between Religion and State from an Islamic perspective, starting with primitive human communities to the rising up of politicalIslamic movements, being initially social and political movements in the first place, the purpose of which, as stated by Ghalyun, is mainly to maintain power not religion.The third chapter tackles Secularism and Democracy within their general historical contexts, dealing with Ghalyun's conception of Secularism and the impediments that prevent absolute democratic transformation. Ghalyun considers that it is almost impossible for any democratic experiment to coexist with these impediments. The chapter highlights as well modernism, which Ghalyun diagnoses as dilapidated and timeworn, because it lacks freedom and equality, and it is void of creative and intellectual values
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: حسين عبد الزهرة الشيخ
اسم المؤلف: مروة عامر عبد الجبار

العمران البشري بين الماوردي وابن خلدون : دراسة في فلسفة الحضارة Human Construction Between AL - Mawardi and Ibn Khaldoon : A Study in the Philosophy of Civilization

المستخلص: The human construction is either the pacific coexistence, sharing house, and living in one place or the state of affability in living together and meeting their needs, since it's human nature to help each other to live together. Construction means building. Architecture means the huge building or great district. Construction is divided into two types : social construction and engineering construction. The social construction deals with the social side and is called the science of human settlement. It includes planning a city and building society. Construction in language is the opposite of emptiness, and it is the building and erection. By social construction , Ibn Khaldoon means the social life and the social, political, and economic phenomena which accompany it. So, social construction is the domain of human sociology, and the researches who study the aspects of sociology reveal the laws that control it. Thus, the science of construction is our everyday terms is that type of sociology which includes all modes of life which lack luxury and sumptuousness and which also lack construction because its financial reasons are not available. This type of societies is called ''the necessary '' or ''Bedouin''. On the other hand, if there is construction and all reasons of luxury are there , the society is called ''civilized'' or '' urban''. While the engineering construction is concerned with building and erection which show the creativity of humans in the engineering side. Wherever human gatherings are found ,engineering construction is also found since it reflects human civilization on the social and engineering levels. Without neglecting the national principles, every nation or human gathering is recognized by its buildings and engineering heritage. Therefore, the study of human social construction according to scientists and intellectuals reflects abundant creations deserve to be attentively regarded and studied. Human Construction means the efforts that are adopted by any human gathering with creative abilities in building. It also means the study of civilization ,i.e. the methods of living, people's crafts , and life production in several fields as follows : 1 - The sciences which meet human's necessities.2 - The philosophies by which man answers his great questions and solves his bewilderments. 3 - Religions in which man finds what he ignores like the issues of existence ( the universe) . Religions and sciences give man satisfaction by knowing through experience. The ekistics , as Ibn Khaldoon states, is open in its study to the social incident and it always aims at stability since the transfer from Bedouin savage life to the settlement which leads to establishing cities and finding out an administrative , social, and political order. Hence, God has honored man , giving him the privilege which distinguishes him from all other creatures, it is the privilege of building and constructing the earth. So, man has been given a status of high value because he is active, unstable, he struggles, argues, discusses, smiles, cries, organizes life and things in life. Therefore, the signs of human construction before Islam, were positioned in the civilizations which came after the human gathering which represented the needs for the human life's laws. That's why we talked about the Greek, the Eastern, Mesopotamian, and the Nile civilizations which had a great influence on the human construction. Civilizations are the product of man's interaction with nature, and every achievement of any civilization is considered as an accomplishment for human; accordingly the Arab and foreign scientists have done well in the fields of science, philosophy, religious issues which are of great benefit in construction. That's why the fields of construction were clear in the ancient civilization like the pyramids, dam of Ma'rib, hung gardens in Babylon, Wall of China along with the appearance of great philosophers like Aristotle, Plato, Confucius and others. Concerning the construction in Islam , the social system was taken from the holy Quran and prophet Mohammed's instructions, taking into consideration building a safe social system where justice and intimacy prevailed among humans. The role of human construction has continued and rooted during the era of Imam Ali ( peace be upon him) and it was very clear during the era of Malik Al - Ashtar , who symbolized the fair judge. The role of Imam Zain Al - Abideen (peace be upon him) and his scroll '' Al - Saheefa Al - Sajadiyah'' in organizing the society affairs was very clear and considered by the United Nations as one of the most important scrolls in human rights. The constructors of the first three centuries after hegira have established philosophy , human construction, the role of the ruler and people , the importance of power and institutions. Those people had a great role in spreading Islam in east and west. Hence the importance of scientists and intellectuals in society shows that the significance of pen exceeds the importance of power. A group of contemporary intellectuals have participated in completing the basis put by the ancient intellectuals like Al - Jahih, Al - Farabi, Mascaweih ,Bairuni, Mawardi, Ibn - Khaldoon and others. Iraq and Arab home have been exposed to sabotage across ages. The destruction of man and environment has been negatively reflected on the human construction by the other invading civilizations. For that reason Iraq and Islamic Arab home have been considered the core of construction achievement. The third wave of civilization which represents the other face of globalization has destroyed the environment. The role of chaos and one action theory has a clear effect on human construction. Thus, the creative chaos means the destructive chaos which is planned to be a means of supporting the idea of civilizations clashes among nations and people, and this what has been noticed in our present. Justice is missing nowadays in the World because of globalization since 90% of wealth goes to luxurious people and only 10% goes to other people. Where is justice? This has led to a state of imbalance in the World. Human construction which has established on stability aimed at spreading justice among people making use of the proposals that scientists and intellectuals have come up with in the fields of social construction. The engineering construction as well, starts affecting by the social construction since there is no use of living miserably in a luxurious place or building and man's dignity is threatened because of globalization.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: عبد القادر موسى حمادي المحمدي
اسم المؤلف: محمد اسماعيل خلف التميمي

مفهوم الحضارة في الفكر الغربي المعاصر : هربرت ماركيوز، كولن ولسن، الفن توفلر نماذج منتخبة The concept of Civilization in the Contemporary Western thought.. Herbert marcuse , colin wilson , Alvin Toffler : specific aspects

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله جرو الخالدي
اسم المؤلف: ماجد حميد راضي

الخطاب السياسي عند ادوارد سعيد The political discours of EDWARD SAID

المستخلص: The present study analytically and critically discusses the political discourse of the American - Palestinian critic Edward Said (1936 - 2003). Edward Said wrote in many fields such as history, anthropology, the role of intellect, exile, the domination of media, cultural pluralism, religion, war, music, identity, Palestinian Issue for which he devoted many works, and literary critics, his field of specialization for which he assigned some works such as his dissertation for doctorate which was entitled "Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of autobiography" as well as "Beginnings : Intention and Method" and "The World, the Text and the Critic". However, the main domain that represents his project and expresses the essence of his ideas is the one which deals with the relationship between culture and colonialism, which is revealed in his products "Orientalism", and "Culture and Imperialism", and then, to a lesser degree "The Question of Palestine" and "Covering Islam".Edward Said was one of those who had experienced closely the effects of colonialism in dispersing, exiling and distorting the other whom the colonial culture ranked in the lower grade. This experience had a great influence on Said's intellectual engagements; rather it became a main source for reading western culture and its relation with imperialism. That culture arose in the age of enlightenment and lasted for long periods to be subject to an epistemic pattern which was resulted in what would be later known as "Western - Centrism". Such a centrism lasted for a long time without any radical critical revision to its construction and was embodied in epistemic systems like those that were resulted by Orientalism, the epistemic field whose ascension and spread synchronized with the expansion of great European powers, such as Britain and France, and later the United States of America, which, as a great post - world war power, inherited the traditions of Orientalism from Europe. Edward Said was among the most prominent critics who contributed in revising that culture, the revision upon which a new field was founded and was later known as post - colonialism studies. All that would not have happened without Said's strong and sedate arguments which came in accompaniment of his method; a pure western method borrowed from the most influential thinkers in western culture, especially Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault. This is an essential point which interprets the strength and importance of his works. Moreover, he treated areas which seemed, in essence, stable and beyond dispute. This was apparent in his two basic works "Orientalism" and "Culture and Imperialism
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: فيصل غازي مجهول
اسم المؤلف: عدي حسن مزعل

الانسان في فكر اوشو : دراسة في منجز الفلسفة الهندية المعاصرة

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله الخالدي
اسم المؤلف: حرير بدر عباس

المنجز الفكري لعبد الوهاب المسيري Abdul Wahab Al - Misseeri’s ALmunjaz Alfikri

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: علي جبار عناد الجوراني
اسم المؤلف: جوان خليل عزاوي

الدين والاخلاق عند جوزيراويس RELIGION AND ETHICS AT JOSIAH ROYCE

المستخلص: The beginning of what we see in our present time we are large and in dire need of human mentality and culture building in all its aspects as much as we need to Urban Construction and technological development, but we found in our societies decline if the individual in some aspects of life, and some believe that this decline caused by the estrangement of the individual from religion and ethics, and in this thesis we will discuss the philosophical views on religion and ethics at the contemporary American ideal philosopher (Josiah Royce), who coined the idealistic philosophy in the period may be receded where such philosophies versus scientific development, Royce presenting his ideas philosophical watered the roots of idealist philosophy and revived again. That is our thesis titled (Religion and Ethics at Josiah Royce). Dependent in her study on the analytical approach to understanding the texts Royce or wrote about the studies and research. The thesis is divided into sections arranged as follows : included three chapters : the first chapter titled (general introductions) and the statement of the essential pillars upon which this thesis, which is divided into three sections, the first section titled (the concept of the language of religion, and idiomatically and philosophy ), while the second section of this chapter is entitled (the language of the concept of morality and idiomatically and philosophy), while the third section entitled (who is Josiah Royce?). The second chapter is entitled (religion at Josiah Royce) This chapter is divided into three sections; first topic entitled (religious insight and models for their sources at Royce), while the second part, titled (reconcile religion and philosophy through absolute concept when Royce) The third section is entitled (religious congregation and the church invisible).The third chapter of the thesis was devoted to the philosophy of ethics at (Royce), entitled (ethics at Josiah Royce) and is divided in to three sections; Section One provision of the moral principle of most popular at (Royce) came this topic entitled (Loyalty), and the second topic entitled ( the problem of evil and reconcile between Good ness and evil), and the third section is entitled (moral liberty). The knowledge at (Royce) is an offshoot of the doubt know, as(Royce) Make doubt the first steps of the theory of knowledge, and the certainty that we get it a1er the suspicion stage represents the fact certainties, and philosophy (Royce) religious were identical with the stream reconcile religion and philosophy it aims to achieve unity between them, also it aims to achieve social unity, and control of individual selfish tendency, not an entity of the individual without the community. lastly, I extend my heartfelt thanks to Dr. Akram Mutlaq supervising this thesis for its substantial cooperation had a significant impact on the completion of this thesis
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
اسم المشرف: اكرم مطلك محمد
اسم المؤلف: اية جمعة حبيب الطائي

الفاعلون الجدد في السياسة الدولية : فاعلو الشبكة انموذجا

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المؤلف: امنة رسول عبد الزهرة

المتغيرات المؤثرة في اداء المنظمات الدولية الحكومية بعد الحرب الباردة : منظمة الصحة العالمية انموذجا Variables Affecting the Performance of Organizations After the Cold War : WHO Model

المستخلص: International organizations are one of the international organizations thatregulate international relations between different countries. They operateaccording to a mechanism approved by the countries they created. The limitsof competence of the organization are subject to the decisions of the memberstates of the international organization. the organization .International organization has developed with the emergence of the liberaltrend as a theoretical thought that explains the nature of the relationshipbetween states, Liberal thought emerged as a reaction to the realistic thoughtthat international relations tended to have a major tendency towards conflict ,Conflict is inherent in the human psyche. International relations are chaoticand lawless. The determination of interests is subject to the nature of theforces possessed by each State in the international system.The most important of these organizations is the World Health Organization(WHO), which has emerged to regulate the health situation by mobilizinginternational efforts to counter the spread of disease and epidemics andreduce its incidence in conflict and war - prone environments.The importance of the study comes from its attempt to research the work ofinternational organizations, Especially the United Nations and somespecialized international organizations, And try to identify the joints of themovement of these organizations, And by comparing the objectives of theestablishment with the current reality of these organizations in practice andin practice to identify the most important variables that led to the impact ofthese organizations' work, Whether positive or negative.As the importance of the subject comes from our attempt to search for asubject that was not previously discussed as a master's thesis before, Thestudy model, the World Health Organization (WHO), has not receivedresearch and analysis as the other international organizations despite theirimportance and effectiveness at the global level. In addition, it is alsoimportant that the reports issued by the World Health Organization (WHO)have a wide impact on international interactions. Many reports have led toconfusion at the level of state - to - state relations, And its reports on the spreadof disease and epidemics and appeals to States are widely affected at theinternational level.bThe study was divided into three chapters, as well as the introduction andconclusion. The first chapter dealt with liberal theory and the emergence ofinternational intergovernmental organizations and divided into three sections : The first dealt with liberal theory.The second dealt with the emergence of intergovernmental organizations.The third dealt with the functions of intergovernmental organizations.The second chapter dealt with the variables affecting the performance ofinternational intergovernmental organizations and divided into two sections : The first dealt with the subjective variables.The second dealt with external variables.The third chapter dealt with the World Health Organization and divided intotwo sections : The first is the emergence of the World Health Organization.The second dealt with the roles and functions of the World HealthOrganization.Conclusions : 1 - International organization is an indispensable need, despite the decline ineffectiveness, as a result of political conflicts and different visions in theinternational system , Different trends, visions and conflict of interestsbetween international actors lead to a decline in the work of the internationalorganization and international organizations.2 - The conflict of interests and the lack of harmony between the internationalactors have led to the result of the decline of the work of internationalorganizations, but this did not cancel its presence.3 - That the continued presence of international organizations is an importantindicator that cooperation is a continuous phenomenon, and is one of themost important phenomena of international relations, despite the increaseand indicators of its decline and the emergence of the phenomenon ofconflict as a general phenomenon of comprehensive international relations
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: محمد ياس خضير
اسم المؤلف: مروان حسين ياسين حمد

اثر الازمة السياسية في التنمية الاقتصادية : دراسة انموذج تركيا 1946 - 2055

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2007
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: عماد عبد اللطيف سالم
اسم المؤلف: زينة مدحت محمد شريف الهموندي

ادارة التغيير : الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة انموذجا Management of Change : Case study : Comprehensive American Strategy

المستخلص: انطلاقا من الاطروحة عنوانا اود ان اقدم نبذة مختصرة عن ما خضنا به ولنبدا : باهمية الدراسة : اذ حملت لنا الاطروحة عنوانا اهمية بانت واضحة من الدور والمكانة التي حضي بها التغيير في النظام الدولي.ويستند موضوع البحث الى فرضية اساس مفادها((كلما كانت ادارة التغيير الامريكية عقلانية، كلما كانت الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة ناجحة)). لكن ونحن نحاول اثبات الفرضية واجهتنا اشكالية اساسها : مفادها ان الولايات المتحدة تعاملت مع الاخرين من منطلق استراتيجية ادارة التغيير, والاخرين انطلقوا في تعاملهم مع الولايات المتحدة من استراتيجية الادارة بالتغيير. لتثار امامنا العديد من التساؤلات وهي : ما التغيير؟ وما انواعه؟ وما اشكاله؟ وما الادارة؟ وما اشكالها؟ وما هي علاقتها بالتغيير؟ ما هي ادارة التغيير؟ وما انواعها؟ وهل التغيير يقاد؟ ام يدار؟. وهل يصنع ؟ ام يفرض؟ وما هو دور ادارة التغيير في الاستراتيجية الامريكية؟ وما سر نجاحها؟ وما هو مستقبلها في ظل التغيير المتقادم؟لهذا حرص الباحث على اعتماد مناهج عدة،لتعامل مع تلك الاشكالية ولما اتسم به موضوع الدراسة من انتقالات ونقلات بحثية متنوعة. واستجابة لمتطلبات الدراسة عمدنا الى استخدام عدة مناهج وكالاتي : اعتمدنا في الفصل الاول : المنهج الوصفي : لحاجتنا الماسة له في هذا الفصل، واعتمدنا في الفصل الثاني : المنهج التاريخي : لتاسيس بناء قوي نستند عليه ليسعفنا ونحن نتحدث عن التغيير. اما في الفصل الثالث فاعتمدنا على : المنهج التحليلي : بعد ان لمسنا ضرورة للتقصي عن جزيئات التغيير الامريكي ولملمتها بعد التفتيش عن ذبذباتها التي تعذر على الكثيرين معرفتها. وصولا الى الفصل الرابع : والذي دعتنا الحاجة فيه الى تبني المنهج الاستشرافي والمنهج الاستشفافي لما لهما من دور بارز وفعال لوضع رؤية مستقبلية لادارة التغيير الامريكي. واستكمالا لما يتطلبه موضوع البحث من دقة في التحليل والتحديد والتعمق في التقصي عن الحقائق والتوسع لشمول اكبر عدد من العناوين الفرعية المتشعبة اعتمدنا الهيكلية المتضمنة (مقدمة واربعة فصول وخاتمة واستنتاجات ).سنعرض نبذة مختصرة حول موضوع الاطروحة المعنونة بـ"(ادارة التغيير : الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة انموذجا )" وكما موضح ادناه : الفصل الاول : عرضنا فيه المادة بعنوان "ادارة التغيير "ذا وجد الباحث ضرورة مهمة لتقسيمه الى ثلاثة مباحث وفقا الى التسلسل الاتي : المبحث الاول : واطر بعنوان " فلسفة التغيير "لنعرض من خلاله الاطار المفاهيمي ليكون لنا اساس مدركي يسعفنا في تفسير ما هو موجود من اداء في الاستراتيجية الامريكية. اما المبحث الثاني فحمل عنوان "الادارة " لما لها من دور فاعل ومؤثر في مسيرة التغيير . وفيما يخص المبحث الثالث : فكان بعنوان "ادارة التغيير"والذي انصب على تحليل وتاطير المفردة اساس البحث، لتكون النهج الذي تتبعه في دراسة الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة لترسم لنا خريطة ادائية تفسر سر الاداء الامريكي .وتناغما مع ما مضى، ووصولا الى الفصل الثاني والذي كان تحت مسمى " : الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وضرورات التغيير " والذي عد من اسس ادارة التغيير، تلك المفردة التي اعتمدها صانع القرار الامريكي وتعامل معها بعقلانية فبانت ثمارها على الاستراتيجية الامريكية ولبانت ذلك ارتاينا تقسيمه الى ثلاثة مباحث : المبحث الاول : والذي تتطرق الى " الرؤية الامريكية للتغيير واثرها في بلورة الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة"والذي تناوب بين منظري التغيير وفلاسفته، وبين صناع التغيير وقادته. فعرضنا فيه المراحل التاريخية التي مر بها التغيير الامريكي والتي بانت عليها صفة اقتناص الفرص وتوظيف المتغيرات من لدن صناع التغيير . اما بالنسبة للمبحث الثاني والذي حمل عنوان " اليات التغيير في الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة "وعرضناها على الجملة بما تضمنت ممن عناوين غزيرة بمحتواها . واستكمالا لما مضى عرضنا للمبحث الثالث الذي اطر بعنوان " دلالات التغيير في الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة "والذي ارتكزت فكرته على عرض تلك الدلالات استمرارا في التقدم في دراسة التغيير الامريكي.ووصولا الى الفصل الثالث عرجنا لتناول العنوان " ادارة التغيير في الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة : رؤية تاريخية "لاهمية التفاعلات التي يحملها كونه من اسس الدراسة التي كانت حلقة وصل بين الماضي والمستقبل . فالمبحث الاول : الذي حمل عنوان "ادارة التغيير في الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة في عالم ما قبل الحرب الباردة" لتكون مهمته مقتصرة على ابانة الخطوات الحذرة للساسة الامريكان وهم يتعاملون مع التغيير الدولي. اما المبحث الثاني : فكان تحت مسمى " ادارة التغيير في الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة في عالم الحرب الباردة "الذي كان اساسه هو التنافس في احداث التغيير بين التغيير الامريكي - الليبرالي والتغيير الاشتراكي - الشيوعي. وجاء المبحث الثالث والذي ترجم تحت عنوان " ادارة التغيير في الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة في عالم ما بعد الحرب الباردة" فكان جل الاهتمام ينصب على ادارة التغيير الامريكي في حقبة الهيمنة الامريكية.وصولا الى الفصل الرابع والذي اطر بالعنوان"مستقبل الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة وادارة التغيير"الذي جاء مصداقا للعلاقة الجدلية بين ادارة التغيير ومستقبل الاستراتيجية الامريكية . وفي بداية تطرقنا في المبحث الاول : والذي حمل عنوان : "المحفزات اللينة لادارة التغيير" الى جملة من العناوين التي عدت محفزات ساعدت على ادارة التغيير امريكيا.اما في ما يخص المبحث الثاني والذي حمل عنوان : "المحفزات الخشنة لادارة التغيير" وتضمن جملة من العناوين التي عدت محفزات خشنة ساعدت على تنشيط ادارة التغيير امريكيا. كما ان المبحث الثالث الذي ادرج تحت عنوان : "مستقبل الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة في ظل ادارة التغيير" تضمن جملة من العناوين التي عدت رؤية مستقبلية لادارة التغيير الامريكي. وفيه تمت قراءة مختصرة لمستقبل الاستراتيجية الامريكية في ظل ادارة التغيير والذي تضمن ثلاثة مشاهد كلا منه حمل من المقومات وما تسنده ليرشح لنراؤية مستقبل الاستراتيجية الامريكية .وختاما نصل الى الخاتمة التي لخصت تلك المفردة الواسعة والمعقدة لننهي البحث بجملة من الاستنتاجات، بمثابة ثمرة البحث الذي خضنا في تفاصيله، لنخرج من هذه المقاربة بجملة من النتائج منها : اولا - ان التغيير فعل وضعي مقصود ،مضاد للثبات والسكون، يملك علاقة طردية مع الزمن ،وله علاقة تقويمية مع الادارة، والاخيرة يتحكم بها صناع القرار في النظام الدولي. لهذا تعد الادارة الدولية المفتاح الاساسي لقيادة التغيير الدولي، وهذا يدل على ان التغيير يصنع ويقاد ويدار. والدليل ان الساسة الامريكيون صنعوا وقادوا واداروا التغيير الدولي. ليوصلهم لقمة الهرم السياسي الدولي .ثانيا - من البديهي القول ان صناع التغيير هم اللاعبين الاساسين في المسرح السياسي الدولي الذين يغتنمون الفرص الاستراتيجية التي تعد خطا من الاخرين لاحداث نقلة استراتيجية شاملة تحدث خلل في التوازن الاستراتيجي الدولي ولتكون نافذة للتغيير في الساحة الدولية.ثالثا - خير وسيلة لقيادة التغيير، هي صناعة التغيير. وخير وسيلة لصناعة التغيير، هي ادارة التغيير. وخير وسيلة لادارة التغيير، ايجاد استراتيجية عقلانية للتفكير.رابعا - وبما ان الاستراتيجية الامريكية متجددة، تمكنت من مواكبة تجدد التغيير الدولي، بعد ان جعلت من العقلانية الادائية والتقويم الاستراتيجي مرتكز لها، فضلا عن اتساع ورشة بناتها وصناعها ومنظريها الذين كان لهم الفضل في ادراك التغيير الدولي وترويضه، لان خير وسيلة لضمان التغيير هو اقتناص فرص التغيير، وهذا ما عمدت اليه الولايات المتحدة في استراتيجيتها على مر حقب التغيير العالمي. واذا لم يحل التوازن في النظام الدولي، فسيتغير النظام لصالح الولايات المتحدة، وينشا لا توازن يعكس اعادة توزيع القوى، بما يضمن الهيمنة للولايات المتحدة : ((اي كلما كان النظام الدولي اكثر اختلالا، كلما كان التغيير الدولي اكثر تولدا وظهورا)).خامسا - ودون شك، ستسعى الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وهي تتعامل مع التغيير الدولي الى "التعاون - التشاركي المتزن" الذي يضمن لها المحافظة الامريكية على الدور والمكانة بالقدر الممكن والمستطاع. سادسا - وبعد عرضنا كل ما تقدم، يمكن ان نؤكد ان النظام الدولي بات رهين ادارة التغيير الامريكية العقلانية، والاخيرة باتت رهينة للاعقلانية القوى الفاعلة في النظام الدولي وهي تتعامل مع التغيير.سابعا - ان الحديث الموضوعي يشير الى اللاتماثل في ادارة التغيير الدولي، فهناك قوى تصنع التغيير وهي لا تدرك خطورته، واخرى تواجه التغيير وهي لا تدرك قوته، وكذلك توجد قوى يصنعها التغيير، وقوى تصنع التغيير ليكون جزء من استراتيجيتها المعتمدة ليحمل الهدف المبتغى والمنشود.ثامنا - ان المستقبل الامريكي بات رهينة عقلانية ادارة التغيير. وادارة التغيير رهينة الاستراتيجية الامريكية العقلانية الشاملة. طالما بدت ادارة التغيير حاوية لادارات فرعية امثال : ادارة التاثير، وادارة التطبيع، وادارة الاقناع ، وادارة الانتقاء، ادارة صناعة العدو، وادارة التحدي....الخ .وهذا ما حاولت الاستراتيجية الامريكية احتوائه بعقلانيتها المتجددة وهي تدير التغيير. من كل ما ورد اعلاه من استنتاجات، نصل ونتوصل الى صحة ودقة الفرضية التي وضعت للدراسة والتي نصت على ((كلما كانت ادارة التغيير الامريكية عقلانية، كلما كانت الاستراتيجية الامريكية الشاملة ناجحة)). | Importance of starting the study of the role of change management in the formulation of the future. For this we tried to indicate the importance of managing change in U.S. strategy, which is one of the most important reasons for its success, the single that made the United States, culminating at the top of the political hierarchy of the international system, so it is not surprising that the change management and study tool for the interpretation of American behavior. And perhaps a gateway systematic new is added to the Methods of strategic analysis. Two documents on the basis of the hypothesis, that ((the more rational management of change America, the more comprehensive U.S. strategy was successful)). Having brought us the subject of study the problem of a title based on the United States dealt with the others in terms of change management strategy and the others set off in their dealings with the United States of the change management strategy which enabled the United States of cemented construction globally and ensure the future. Complement what is required in question the accuracy of the analysis and identification and in - depth investigation of the facts and the expansion to include the largest number of sub - headings complex for us out of a need to know the components of intellectual and performance piece American cemented subject of the study and search for enrichment of the scientific material we have adopted structural included (introduction and four chapters and a conclusion and conclusions), In response to this point, we offered a brief on the subject of the thesis entitled to "(change management : a model of comprehensive U.S. strategy)" as shown below : Chapter I : We put the article entitled "Change Management" The researcher found the need for a mission to divide it into three sections according to the sequence follows : Section I : The frames with the title "philosophy of change" to offer from which the conceptual framework we have a basis Mdrick a Asafna in the interpretation of existing performance in U.S. strategy. The second section he carried the title of "management" because of their active and influential role in the process of change. With regard to the third topic : the share was the title of "change management", which focused on the analysis and research - based single - frame, to be the approach in the study of the overall U.S. strategy to draw a map of our performances explain the secret of American performance. And in tune with the past and, to Chapter II, which was under the name "United States of America and the necessity of reform," which count of the foundations of change management, such individual adopted by the American decision - maker and deal with it rationally Fbant fruit on the U.S. strategy and pant so we decided to divide it into three sections : Section I : , which address the "American vision for change and their impact in shaping American strategy overall," which alternated between the theorists of change and philosophers, and the makers of change and leaders, Frdhana the historical stages undergone by the change, the U.S. and that they had a capacity to seize opportunities and employment variables from the presence of Change makers. As for the Study of the second, titled "Mechanisms of change in the overall U.S. strategy" and what we presented to the sentence included the addresses of the heavy laden. As a complement to our past for the Study of the frames of the third entitled "The implications of the change in the overall U.S. strategy," which was based his idea to display those signs in the continuation of progress in the study of the U.S. change. Through to the third quarter Arzina to deal with the heading "Management of change in the overall U.S. strategy : a historical perspective" of the importance of interactions carried by being one of the foundations of the study, which was a link between the past and the future. Valambges The first, titled "Managing change in the overall U.S. strategy in the world of the pre - Cold War" to be his mission limited to indicate the cautious steps of the U.S. politicians who are dealing with international change. The second section was called "management of change in the overall U.S. strategy in the world of the Cold War," which was the basis of which is to compete in the events of the change between change between the U.S. - the liberal and the socialist transformation - the Communist Party. The third topic, which was translated under the title "Managing change in the overall U.S. strategy in the world after the Cold War" was the most attention was focused on change management in the era of American domination of America.And in tune with the past through to the fourth chapter, which frames the title "the future of the overall U.S. strategy and change management," which came to a dialectical relationship between change management and the future of U.S. strategy. At the beginning we listed in the first section and titled : "soft incentives for the management of change" to a number of titles that promised incentives have helped to change management Alomrakia. As for the second section, titled : "coarse stimuli for change management" and included a number of titles that promised to stimuli coarse helped to activate the change management U.S.. The third topic, which was included under the title : "The future of U.S. strategy in light of the overall management of change" included a number of titles that promised a future vision for Change Management U.S.. And it has been read a brief for the future of U.S. strategy in the management of change, which included three scenes both of which carry the ingredients and attributed to nominate her vision of the future of U.S. strategy. Finally we come to the conclusion that summarized those individual large and complex to expire Find a set of conclusions to serve as the fruit of research that fought in the details
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: منعم صاحي حسين العمار
اسم المؤلف: حازم حـــمـــد مـــوسى الجــنابــي

المشاركة السياسية في دول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية

المستخلص: يشهد العالم النامي منذ سنوات تجارب في المشاركة السياسية تتفاوت في شكلها ودرجتها واسبابها ومكوناتها ، ولكنها تتفق في تاكيدها على اهمية توفر الحريات الاساسية لبناء وتطوير المجتمعات المعاصرة وضرورة التخلص من الاستبداد والتفرد بالسلطة ، ودول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية ليست استثناء من هذا التوجه ونظرا لما شهدته دول مجلس التعاون من تحولات اقتصادية واجتماعية تلت مرحلة اكتشاف النفط وما تبعها من تدفق للعوائد المالية الكبيرة حيث رفعت مجتمعات هذه الدول من حياة الكفاف والفقر الى حياة الرفاه والاستهلاك ، والى جانب تحسين المستويات المعيشية والصحية والتعليمية والى ازدياد الاحتكاك بالعالم الخارجي ، مما ادى الى بروز شرائح اجتماعية متعلمة تطمح للمشاركة السياسية والانخراط في الحياة السياسية ومحاولة التاثير في الواقع السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي في هذه الدول . وعلى الرغم من ان دول المجلس قد شهدت في الاونة الاخيرة بعض الاصلاحات السياسية والدستورية التي تهدف الى تحقيق قدر من المشاركة السياسية ، الا ان هذه الدول لن تستطع من تطوير اشكال الممارسة السياسية فيها بما يتلاءم والتطورات الحاصلة في العالم وذلك بسبب انغلاق البنى السياسية للانظمة الحاكمة واحتكار السلطة لفئات معينة من الاسر الحاكمة وبعض الفئات العشائرية والقبلية والطائفية ، وتركز عملية اتخاذ القرار بيد الحاكم وجماعات صغيرة من التابعين والمؤيدين له مما يؤدي الى تعثر عملية المشاركة السياسية في دول المجلس . ولقد جاءت هذه الدراسة للبحث في المشاركة السياسية في دول مجلس التعاون ، حيث تم تناول الموضوع وفق هيكليلة دراسية موزعة على مقدمة وفصل تمهيدي واربع فصول تخص مضمون البحث مع خاتمة تتضمن اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصلنا اليها . ففي الفصل التمهيدي تناولنا ، ضمن اطار نظري، مفهوم الديمقراطية والمشاركة السياسية ومفهوم حقوق الانسان فيما خصص الفصل الاول لدراسة التكوين السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي لدول المجلس ، وتناول الفصل الثاني دراسة موقف المؤسسات السياسية والدستورية من المشاركة السياسية ، فيما كرس الفصل الثالث لدراسة التيارات والقوى السياسية في هذه الدول ، وقد تناول الفصل الرابع من هذه الدراسة المشاركة السياسية لدول المجلس في ظل الوضع الدولي ، ثم تبع ذلك خاتمة الدراسة . وقد توصلنا من خلال هذه الدراسة الى الاستنتاج بان المشاركة السياسية الممكن تحقيقها في دول مجلس التعاون ، هي المشاركة التي يمكن ان تعتمد على مبادرات من جانب الانظمة السياسية الحاكمة في هذه الدول التي تهدف الى تحقيق نوع من المشاركة السياسية وذلك بادخال قدر من الديمقراطية في هذه الدول من خلال نظام يعلن فيه عن مشاركة سياسية للفئات التي ترغب في الانخراط في العملية السياسية واقامة مؤسسات سياسية وقنوات تمكن الانظمة الحاكمة من استيعاب مطالب الجماهير والنخب المثقفة وطاقاتها وذلك بالانفتاح السياسية المشروط وافساح المجال امام مؤسسات المجتمع المدني للاسهام الفاعل في المجتمع ، ولكن في ظل مراقبة واشراف السلطة واحتواء مطالب المشاركة السياسية ، لا سيما وان اغلب الفئات المطالبة بالمشاركة السياسية لم تشكك في شرعية الانظمة الخليجية ، بل تطالب القيام باصلاحات سياسية ضمن الهياكل والبنى السياسية الحالية القائمة في دول المجلس | The Gulf Cooperation Council ( GCC ) States have faced since the beginning of the 21st Century from the claims call for political reformation and increasing of the political participation of the social categories and support the institutions of the civil society in the ( GCC ) States . The political participation has become more important in the societies that have witnessed economic development , as the societies of the ( GCC ) States when these states started investing the huge oil revenues they received because of these economic and social changes led to emerge the new educated social categories have ambition to participate in the political life in these states , and attempt to effect in the political situated in the ( GCC ) States . On the other side , the ( GCC ) States have suffered from the lack of political institutions as a result of the family system which has become the core of the states , consequently, the state in the ( GCC ) States tend to be totalitarian and authoritarian .In spite of the ( GCC ) States have begun some political and constitutional reformations in order to achieve the political participation and response to the internal and foreign pressures toward these states but the political institutions in these states have failed to achieve all the demands of the new social categories to came up there ambitions in political participation .Therefore the study is then an attempt to explore the nature of the political participation in the ( GCC ) States , which is divided in to preface chapter , four chapters and the conclusion .The preface chapter deals with the democracy , political participation and human rights with regard to the theoretical framework and notions .The first chapter studies the political , economic , and social construction of the ( GCC ) States , whereas the second chapter discusses the attitude of the political and constitutional institutions toward the political participation in ( GCC ) States , it tries to clarify the attitude of the executive authority and the legislative authority in these states toward the political participation .The third chapter is dedicated to study the political powers and trends in the ( GCC ) States , whereas the fourth chapter devoted to discuss the political participation in the ( GCC ) States under the international order , throws light on the claims of the democracy in these states and the influence of the Globalization on the political participation , It also discusses the human rights and the role of civil society in the ( GCC ) States , at the end of this chapter we have discussed the future of the political participation in these states , and followed by the conclusion of the study
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
السنة: 2006
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: طارق حسين البياتي
اسم المؤلف: عبد الرحمن حسين محمد الجميلي

القيادة في الفكر السياسي الاسلامي الامامي ولاية الفقيه انموذجا LEADERSHIP IN THE ISLAMIC POLITICAL THOUGHT OF IMAMAH : THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THE ISLAMIC JURIST AS A MODEL

المستخلص: The literature of leadership, imamah, ruling and guardianship I so rich along the human history. Thousands of scholars, thinkers and philosophers have spent their lives in understanding and explaining these terms. The main philosophical orientations identified are those related to the necessity of holding the society under a unique leadership to maintain peace, security, and social and cultural luxury; to defend the external threats; and to solve the continuous conflicts of interests among the members of that society. Therefore, the issue of leadership becomes so important from religious, philosophical and ideological perspectives. Of course, this is done to obtain a utopian model for such a wise and right leadership system.Philosophically and ideologically speaking, this issue is regarded a decisive marker for realizing and identifying the developed societies and their stable political systems. Also, these patterns of disloyalty, sufferings, and discontent are related to these missing standards of values, religion, philosophy of Allah's messengers. These missing standards led to practice other different systems and dilemmas as shown by Plato and Aristotle, like the systems of Autocracy, Aristocracy, Timocratie, Oligarchie, Democracy and Tyrannie. This last system believes that spreading mess among the society's members to convince the need for a tyranny to control.The present study sheds light on the concept of leadership in political thought among philosophers and thinkers to find out these unique characteristics of a wise and right leader. For this purpose, the concept of 'the guardianship of the Islamic jurist' in its theoretical domain is unique since it mixes between both the divine and democratic leadership; this is to involve consultation and people's interests in leadership to fill up the political vacuum and choose and observe their leaders and dismiss them indirectly by their jurists wherever there is a benefit for the society. This theory has successfully revealed a deep understanding of the current political situations; of course, this is to accommodate the jihadi mental perspective among Imamah's scholars.The present study aims at identifying the unique standards for the right legislative leadership; the one that coheres with the true human intuition and that is able to maintain peace, stability, civil improvement and social justice. It also aims atBconsidering the political thought and philosophical and value systems in Imamah toestablish such a theory of leadership. A theory that is founded and based on thefundamentals and standards of Islamic Imamah on the one hand , and that is agreedamong people to rule up the umah in the absence of the twelfth Imam (pbuh).Despite the difference among Imamah scholars about its limits, the theory of'the guardianship of the Islamic jurist' is a practical step and attempt to fill up theabsence of the twelfth Imam (pbuh). Being an evident indicator of the developedintellectual stance of Imamah scholars, it is regarded a unique golden environmentbetween originality and modernism, no more no less. The study hypothesized thatthe standard formula of leadership intermixes between the divine will and people'swill, based on the initial concept of harmony of these wills. The theoreticalframework of this leadership cannot be realized unless it finds its reality andexistence in a real leader and a society that is totally convinced by his values and hissystems of philosophy and beliefs. The study also hypothesized the existence of sucha theory of leadership in the Islamic political thought of Imamah. This theory ofguardianship is able to maintain and lead the human societies by civilsed techniquesand procedures, which are in turn suitable to stimulate the new changes in theintellectual and political life.The study is of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The threesections of the first chapter deal with the chronological development of concepts like'leadership' and 'guardianship'. Section One examines the importance, the actualneed, patterns, procedures, and the legislative resources of leadership. The secondsection studies the oriental heritage of leadership especially in Mesopotamia, AncientEgypt, Ancient China and Ancient India. The third section studies the concept ofleadership in the Western perspectives, starting by those of Plato, Aristotle, Socrates,the Roman Empire, and theories of Polybius, Cicero and Seneca. It also examinesthese theories appeared in the Middle Age like those of Pope Gelasius, SaintAugustine, Tommaso d'Aquino and Dante. It also sheds light on modern theories inWestern political literature like those of absolute leadership in Niccolo deiMachiavelli, Voltaire, Thomas Hobbes, and those of limited leadership like those ofThomas More, Jean - Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu and Carle Marks.Chapter Two, which is in two sections, sheds light on theories of eadershipin the political thought of Imamah. The first section the theoretical background andthe chronological bases of the theory of te guardianship of the Islamic jurist. This isdone by examining its concept, types of guardianship, and its formulation in theexistence and absence of the twelfth Imam (pbuh). The second section deals with thetheories of the guardianship of umah, the guardianship of consultation, and theCguardianship of the Islamic jurist. It also examines the theory of gatering both the guardianship of consultation and the guardianship of the Islamic jurist.In its two section, the third chapter examines th theory of the guardianship of the Islamic jurist in detail by focusing on its preconditions, requirements, proofs, duties and the like.The first section examines a number of questions and debates related to the existence of more than one jurist, the possibility of implementing his guardianship outside his country, the difficulty of balancing between the divine will and people's will, the possibility of absolution in the jurist's guardianship and ruling, the mental proofs, sayings and evidence cited by Imams about his authority, and his basic characteristics. The important duties and limits of authority of the jurist are stated in the second section.The two sections of the fourth chapter deals with the opinions of earlier and recent Shiite jurists. In the first section, the opinions of Al - Kirki and Al - Naraqi. The second section, on the other hand, examines the opinion of recent Sitte scholars like Khomeini, Baqir Al - Sadr, Muhammad Muhammad Sadiq Al - Sadr.The main findings and an examination of the validity of the research hypotheses are presented in the Conclusion.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الفكر السياسي
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: حميد فاضل حسن
اسم المؤلف: اسعد تركي سواري