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Author name: ختام ثجيل شمخي

Supervisor name: ناجي سهم رسن

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Industrial Geography

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Author name: محمد حليم سالم

Supervisor name: حسنين عبد الكاظم عجه الشمري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

صناعة الاثاث في مصر القديمة (3000 - 1000 ق.م) == Furniture Industry in Ancient Egypt (B.C. 3000 - 1000

Author name: احمد قاسم سلمان

Supervisor name: محمد فهد القيسي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The subject of furniture industry in ancient Egypt (3000 - 1000 B.C) is one of the subjects that has a distinctive position in ancient Egypt because of its relationship with the worldly, religious and funerary life. On account of their interest in their comfort, the ancient Egyptians exploited what was available to them of materials in the worldly life in making furniture that was used in their homes and palaces. In order to provide eternal rest for the dead in the other world, industry funerary furniture was buried with them. There was found a lot of models of it in their graves. The Egyptians’ graphics on furniture and craftsmen’s furniture on graves helped us to identify how they made furniture, from which materials it consisted of, in which age it was made, and which tools were used in its manufacture. Furniture makers used very splendid styles in decorating the ancient Egyptian furniture, particularly styles that were related to the religious life; such as, making some of the furniture in the form of a goddess or drawing a goddess on the furniture. The Egyptian funerary furniture is regarded as the best kind of furniture in the ancient East at that time. This is largely because of the Egyptians’ interest in providing comfort for themselves in a world beyond death. The Egyptian furniture is considered as the best furniture that was made in the ancient Near East. Through examination of the models found, it becomes clear that they were made with great accuracy and skill. The ancient Egyptians used techniques that were not found in the ancient Near East. As a result of the importance of the Egyptian furniture and aesthetic characteristics it has, furniture in the time present is made on the same models of the ancient Egyptian furniture.Because Egypt lacks good timber that is necessary in furniture industry, they had to bring the timber from neighboring countries, especially from the Levant. However, the nature of the Egyptian environment helped the availability of the minerals and rocks in ancient Egypt and the Egyptians exploited them. The furniture was made from wood, metal, stone , ivory, glass and other materials. However, most furniture was made of wood because the wooden furniture was abundantly found in Egypt and it was studded with gold, silver and ivory. The best furniture that was found in ancient Egypt was in the tomb of King Tutankhamen, during the modern state, where it was found many of the funerary furniture, especially that was made of wood and gold.The study has been divided into exordium and five chapters preceded by an introduction and ended up by conclusion. Chapter one titled ( Raw materials and their sources) comprised of four parts; part one (raw plants), in this part, we discussed the local and imported trees and their types in addition to the reed and flax and dyeing plants which were used for making the furniture. Part two : (minerals and stones raw materials) tackled the minerals which are used in furniture manufacturing and the stones which are used in the construction, and the semi and precious stones which were used in making the furniture. Part three : ( raw materials of animals and other materials) tackled the animal materials which were used in making the furniture including the basic ones such as the ivory and the skins or the minor materials used for the emblazonment such as seashell and oyster. Part four (sources of raw materials) tackled the neighboring countries which provide Egypt with the raw materials whether peacefully or by waging war, in addition, the economic relation with other states in relation to the materials used in manufacturing the furniture.Chapter two : ( furniture manufacturing techniques) comprised of three parts; prat one (makers, workshops and their circumstances) discussed the titles of the makers, their types , and their works; workshops, their types, their management, and the circumstances and workers' wages. Part two ( tools of work) discussed the tools, their types and assembling and their usage. Part three : (technical ways) deals with ways used in emblazoning the furniture such as gilding, platting, sculpting , and ornamenting. Chapter three : ( manufacturing of earthly furniture) comprised of four parts; part one (wooden furniture) explained sitting and sleeping and carrying and keeping luggage furniture Part two : (stone and pottery furniture) tackled engraving the furniture and ways of making the furniture. Part three : (mineral and ivory furniture) tackled the ways and the use of the minerals in making the furniture and their types, how to engrave the ivory and making the furniture. Part four : (other materials) tackled the glass and Persian emblazonment and leather furniture and how to make the furniture out of those materials and their types. Chapter four : (Manufacturing of religious and funeral furniture) comprises of four parts, part one : (wooden furniture) we discussed the temples and graves furniture and the influence of the Egyptian beliefs on manufacturing them. Part two : (stone and pottery furniture) tackled the types and stones and pottery; part three (mineral furniture) tackled the minerals and the ways of making the furniture. Part four : (other materials) referred to other materials which the furniture is made of.The study is ended by a conclusion summarizing the most important results of the study throughout its four chapters in addition to appendixes which contain tables and shape, drawings related to the topic.

موقف المستشرقين الالمان من ائمة اهل البيت عليهم السلام حتى نهاية القرن العشرين : دراسة نقدية == Place of the German Orientalists of the of AhalAbyat (peace be upon them.) Until the End of the Twentieth Century : a Criticism Study

Author name: حسن جاسم محمد حسين الخاقاني

Supervisor name: فاضل جابر ضاحي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: oriental studies acquired is important among historical studies, especially that it stems from the west, which dominated the thousands of Islamic manuscripts, worked to keep in libraries and even up to the reader in a new, and from here the idea of writing about the history of Ahal Albyat of the Prophet (peace be upon them.) under the title "The place of the German orientalists of the history of the Ahal Albyat (peace be upon them.) until the end of the twentieth century : criticism study " as a Thesis to doctor submitted to the Board of the Faculty of Education, University of Wasit, History Department, the study consisted of the introduction to the source analysis And four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one dealt with the concept of Ahal Albyat (peace be upon them) and their doctrine according to the vision of the German Oriental, first stage studied of the most prominent German orientalists who wrote about the history of Ahal Albyat (peace be upon them), the second stage devoted to study of the doctrine of Ahal Albyat (peace be upon them.) according to the vision of the German Orientalist. The chapter two was about Ahal Albyat in the Koran according to the vision of the German Orientalist , and chapter two was entitled religious side at the Ahal Albyat (peace be upon them) in the writings of Orientalists Germans, chapter two has three stages : first stage dealt with Koranic studies which have relation with Ahal Albyat, and the second, the most prominent of the beliefs of Ahal Albyat in the writings of orientalists Germans, third stage dealt with the Mahdwya case in its various religionBand political dimensions. Chapter three entitled the political side at Ahal Albyat (peace be upon them.) in oriental studies of the German also has three stages. The first stage was on the history of Ahal Albyat (peace be upon them.) and their political in period of succession and sensible, the second stage talks about the political history of Ahal Albyat in Ommia Age, the third stage talks about the political history of Ahal Albyat in Al - abbasi Age, And finally, chapter four is about the impact of intellectual property to Ahal in the Studies of the Orientalists Germans. Chapter four also has two stages, first stage deals on the works Ahal Albyat in the Orientalists wrote the Germans, the second stage models of space science of Ahal Albyat (peace be upon them.) In books of Orientalists Germans, and the researcher reached a number

زكي خيري نشاطه السياسي في تاريخ العراق 1911 - 1995م == Zaki Khairy and His Role In Iraq Modern History 1911 - 1995

Author name: غزوة نجم عبد الصاحب الموسوي

Supervisor name: رحيم كاظم محمد الهاشمي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The study of historical figures is one of the major studies in modern and contemporary history of Iraq. It is characterized by its essential role in the events creation by attitude and ideas and views. However, characters contribute in the political, social and economic reconstruction, and we can say that some of the characters have not been in the spotlight, not its impact through upon era of the monarchy and the Republican Testament figure Zaki Khairy.Zaki Khairy's led politic with his thought and political activity besides permanent work in militant working class; also with seeking country independence. Zaki Khairy is one of the iconic characters who held Marxist thought, and shareholders of the Iraqi Communist Party. He had an important role in liberating Al - Asas newspaper. Moreover, he represented the Iraqi Communist party in global conferences besides representing Iraqi Communist party both in and abroad Iraq. This is why I chose to study the political role in history of modern Iraq generally, and his role in the Iraqi Communist party history in particular; following - up all his political activities starting with joining the party until his death. The thesis is divided into an introduction and three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with his starting and the first stages of political activity so it tells about his personal early life and his family, then beginnings of political career : from Marxism meetings held in Baghdad and in rallies that formed in 1928 against Alfred Monde until 1949.Turning to the second chapter, it discusses the political and organizational role, in terms of activity at the end of the monarchy period to prison in 1949 and until the establishment of republican regime in 1958. Then the chapter deals with his role in 1958 July Revolution and his first time representation role in PRC conference 1959. Finally, his attempt to obtain an official permit for the Iraqi Communist Party in 1960 until February coup 1963. Lastly, the third chapter discusses Zaki Khairy's political activity starting with his role in February coup 1963 to March Meeting 1978. And his role abroad Iraq. It deals with representing Iraqi Communist Party in the international communist conferences until 1985, and his leaving the Fourth Iraqi Communist Party Conference in 1985 to his death in 1995

تاريخ العراق القديم في ضوء نظرية التحدي والاستجابة == Ancient History of Iraq in the Light of Challenge and Response Theory

Author name: مصطفى كامل سهل الغزي

Supervisor name: حسين سيد نور جلال الاعرجي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: This study "the ancient history of Iraq in light of the theory of challenge and response for (Toynbee)", is a new light of interpretation for the cultural history of Mesopotamia, according to the challenge - response theory.The study deals with the emergence and growth and improvement, besides dissolution and falling and demise of civilization entities constructing the civilize system of the great Mesopotamia. It isconsisted of an introduction, preface, three chapters and conclusions. The first chapter includes the emergence of civilization, clearing the emergence of civilization factors and in particular with respect to the types and the levels of natural challenges and humanly ones which represented the stimuli that provoked strong underlying creativity inside the old Iraqi with a positive nature and brought preparations and material besides spiritual capabilities as responds to various challenges. However, it was human transmission which got him from the primitive state to a civilized prominent production stage.Challenges need to be appropriate consistent responses at the level of that same challenge. Most of these responses show the elite or(dominant minority)that has the talent and experience in addition to mental powers which make it distinct from the rest of community members; so this study searched the source of elite and it scultural role in Mesopotamia. It is mention worthy that these responses exhibited by elite people with ideas and innovations as well as creativity alone is not enough to achieve growth, prosperity and continuity of civilization, but these elements need the support of the community (the majority) that helped to achieve the growth and prosperity of civilization optimization, through supporting the creative elite and tracing it. However, we looked closely to consider the nature of communities and tribes that contributed to the construction of civilization in Mesopotamia, and constructing each society and the extent of its abilities, capabilities and contributions.Chapter two is about growth and prosperity of civilizations and unsatisfactory, and has come to the result that civilization needs to driving forces which can be represented in the continuous sustainability of human challenges that require continued human responses and escalation until growth and prosperity come to any civilized entity.This study goes through the criterion of the cultural growth and identify esits shape and shows the level of achievement for each civilized entity within the wider system of civilization in Mesopotamia.The third chapter is about the reasons and causes of the falling and dissolution of cultural entities and their demise. This chapter shows that the decay and fall of civilization not by external or natural human challenges, but by internal challenges formed the utmost important factor in the dissolution of communities. The most prominent of these challenges is the frequent wars or the loss of the creative minority its creation and following production of solutions and treatments which led to the dissolution of the fission of the society, so the society becomes just about falling, here comes the chance of the external challenge (outer invasion) that perched the borders, to throw a knockout across that tumbling cultural entity which creators and society cannot afford a reaction and respond to these challenges.

الخطاب الديني في العراق القديم 300 - 539 ق.م == Religious discourse in the Ancient Iraq (3000 - 539 B.C).

Author name: الهام هادي مطلك الشمري

Supervisor name: سعدون عبد الهادي برغش الامير

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The study of religious discourse has attained a prominent role in understanding the thoughts of beliefs of ancient peoples. The effects and impacts of religion could be easily followed in every possible aspect or element of Mesopotamian civilization. In addition to religious myths and epics, prayers and hymns, there is a great deal of murals and wall tablets, full of religious messages, through which religious institutions worked to direct and control human activities for the common good, as it seemed, or to urge people into accepting or refusing a given idea or cause.This study aims to explore the role of religious discourse in Ancient Iraq and its effects on different aspects of life, whether political, economic, or social. Humans have an incessant need for someone to direct them religiously or spiritually, since this aspect is of psychological importance to their religious instinct and of crucial implications on other aspects of their lives. Hence the role of religious discourse in satisfying and enforcing certain beliefs in the Mesopotamian consciousness; constant provision of such ideas and concepts to maintain people’s psychological balance; furnishing justifications for the sacrifices and acts of worship they have to perform; in addition to the arduous and difficult tasks their kingdom or state undertakes, for which they become more accepting when they believe that they were the will of the gods, for which they created them on Earth in the first place.The nature of this study required us to adhere to the descriptive - analytical method throughout its course, as we are restricted to cuneiform texts, pictures and murals as our source material, and studying discourse according to modern methods is wholly dependent on analysis, in order to construe the goals and intentions of the authors.The study was divided into four chapters, with an introduction and conclusions. The first chapter was entitled “Introduction to Religious Discourse,” in which we investigated the concept of discourse, its importance, and the language it employed.The second chapter, which bore the title “Forms of Religious Discourse,” focused on studying the different forms that contained religious messages in Mesopotamia : written—as in myths, epics, prayers, hymns, homilies, and other extant forms of literature—and

المسيحية ودورها الثقافي والعمراني في بغداد 1258 - 1958 == Christianity and its cultural and urban role in Baghdad 1258_1958

Author name: زينب مطشر خضير

Supervisor name: فاهم نعمة ادريس الياسري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The study deals with Christianity and its cultural and Urban role in Baghdad .The significance of this topic lies mainly in the urgent historic need to study the cultural and urban role of Christianity in Baghdad (1258_1958), since most studies in this field are mostly concerned with that topic exclusively during the ancient , medieval and Islamic eras . The thesis is divided into an introduction , four chapters , an conclusion and number of appendixes . the first chapter talks about the spread of Christianity in Iraq and general affairs of the Baghdadi Christians during the various historic eras .The second chapter deals with the state of the churches and monasteries during the ottoman rule and the role played by Arab Christians in the development and crystallization of the intellectual and political currents and their impact on Iraq. The third chapter deals with the Baghdadi Christian sects, Baghdad churches and monasteries in the royal era, it also explains The intellectual and cultural role of the churches and monasteries in the royal era ,While the fourth chapter deals with the intellectual and cultural role of the Christian elite . There have been various churches and sects of Christians in Baghdad . these churches had occupied distinguished places in Baghdad the architecture of each one differed depending on the sect and its religious belief ,Some of these churches were humble that you can recognize it as a church , others were only ordinary houses with nothing to mark it as a church , other than a big cross and the painting of Mary shrouded with shyness , beauty and greatness ,some other churches stood with glory and grace to welcome the passerby as is the case with Armenian orthodox church in AL_Bab AL_Sharqi which is characterized by its unique architecture . Churches and monasteries have long been diving creatures full of life and vitality and the theologizes describe the church as the body of the god . Indeed , the church and monastery were intellectual , cultural and philosophical centers , patriarchs , saints and priests have always been enjoying great secular and theological knowledge . their involvement in life did not impede , them to associate and contact with the scientific and intellectual circles, and the best example is the father AL_Karmali . During the period of independence and the formatting of the Iraqi state , Christians played a pivotal and effecting role in it and were an integral part of a modern state in need of its faithful and patriotic sons . In his book ( modern Iraq ), Steven humsley longric mentions in volume 1 that : some Christians were worried because of the withdrawal of the British forces from Iraq after concluding the 1930 treaty , but the clergy of the churches calmed them down and told them that the only loyalty that Christians have is to their country and their king . Accordingly , Iraq made great use from the potentials and achievements of many Iraqi Christians who were subjects of church . Butti , Yousif Ghunaima , AL_Karmali , Aqrawi and Babo Ishaq and many other figures represented a distinguished intellectual class that combined both the recent concepts of science and arts and the traditions of the Iraq society . they were pioneers in writing , publishing , literature and theatre and the Christian writers were creative in enlightening people to take the path of knowledge and liberation

جذور الاستغراب في كتابات المؤرخين المسلمين 132 - 656هـ/750 - 1258م == The roots of Occidentalism in the writings of historian Arabs and Muslims ( 656 - 132 - A.H / 749 - 1258 A.D )

Author name: محمد حسب الله علوان

Supervisor name: محمد حسين علي السويطي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The communication culture and the openness of knowledge of the other regarded one of the characters of the Islamic knowledge heritage which was not stopped on particular faced , but was vairones and interactive heritage with other culture in order to extend the knowledge and to explore what on other from the aspect of religious political , social , economic , military and others within a global views . The knowledge of the other in Islamic knowledge heritage was no result of special reasoner particular accident but it came linked by fundamental reasons , in the top of it the impact of Islamic in urging Muslims to look at other nations and also the growth and development of historical writing in the ( third and fourth and ninth and tenth centuries AD) and appeared historical production emergence of works know as historical geography and general history and geographical dictionaries that was one of the main parts in how to study and know the history and the civilization of the others . For this reason we aimed to find the image of the we stand geographical and terminology significance and follows the religious , social , economic and military states in the writing of Muslims historians including the science of ( Occidentalism which is new in terms but old in concept and existence which was based on ask and study the west by the east . This scientific study was aimed to follow image of the west in the writing of historian Muslims and reached to many results on the top of that the term ( Occidentalism ) in their writing was not against ( orientalism ) built was scientific knowledge dement movement which was formed on the a great desire to see know the other nations including the (west) . and also it was connected by the growth and development of historical writing in the historian Muslims and especially in geographic historian . which was regarded the main knowledge resource in the studying this topic . The term Occidentalism in the writing of historian Muslims was not essential to be completed or started to appear the modern Occidentalism which appeared against orientalism but there is something between the two which is the (west) . for this reason there was a lot of motives which was helped to make the historian Muslims to look at the west one of them was that scientific motive which mads them research of the knowledge production of the west and translated it, to get benefit form it . and the social and religious life of the west and have information on various aspect in their traditional religious styles their food in order to know the reasons for this various and to know it . Our search to know the west in the writings of historian Muslims was various and multiple among Islamic conquest and embassies , travelling’s and written resources books and poems and theirs information were not limited by one supplier there for this information were varied , accurate and comprehensive for the most of the historical periods of the west . So they hand a world view to looking for the other that exceed the place and political m military relations that based on the derive inknowledg and looking’s to complete their resource about the west stand to know their cerium stance’s . This study approved that the Muslims historian were not only carrying of information , but they were reasoning and research and also they giving as a lot of explanation , about the religious , social aspects of the west is more trustworthy from a lot of historians who wrote about the west in the middle ages

الراي العام في العراق ابان عصر الدولة البويهية (334 - 447هـ/945 - 1055م) == Public opinion in Iraq during the era of the state of Bohayeh (334 - 447 AH / 945 - 1055)

Author name: مروة صادق نجمان حاجي

Supervisor name: فاضل جابر ضاحي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings on the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, Abu Kassim Mohamed and his family and companions granite Miami, either : The phenomenon of public opinion is a global phenomenon that has great impact on the public, especially political ones events guide ,through follow - up power methods in dealing with people from time to time, and was not this phenomenon is the result of our times. It is a phenomenon with far extensions since the appearance of man, because the reaction of a group of people about a particular incident is a general view, whether negative or positive.The importance of the subject by revealing public opinion methods of the position of the parish and the power and the Senate, and some leaders of the ruling class of political, social and economic events, and personalities involved in these events, together with the methods of public opinion and its impact in changing the state's policies and his role in the decisions affecting the public interest making .This study complements the research and studies that have already dealt with the subject of public opinion in the Islamic eras, and this research study Mr. Mohammed Bin Abdul Rauf Bahnasy tagged (public opinion in Islam), and the study of Dr. Adel Al - Alusi in his book entitled (public opinion in the third century AH) , the study of Dr. Fadel Jaber Dahi and Dr. Isra Mehdi Mizban entitled (public opinion in the Mamluk era), the study of Dr. Thamer Al Noman vacationer entitled (public opinion in Iraq in the era of the Seljuk state).This study consists of an introduction, four chapters and an epilogue, the first chapter was titled (the features of political life and the nature of Iraqi society in the Bahai), a two sections, namely : the features of political life in Iraq, starting with the formation of the State of Buyids and their conditions and how their entry into Baghdad, and their control of Iraq, and their relationship succession Abbasid and the parish, and its impact in shaping public opinion. The second topic dealt with the nature of Iraqi society in the era of Albuehip state, and the impact of natural disasters on the Iraqi society, where we've made strata of society and features, great class and distinction between public and private and their results, and the impact of natural phenomena on the community, including : droughts, floods, earthquakes, epidemics, pests agricultural, and its impact on the community's economy, which in turn show the layers of human and differentiate from each other in living standards. B And we discussed in the second chapter to the factors influencing public opinion towards the state, which is three sections, we mentioned in the first part, the political factor, and Pena its impact on society and its impact in raising public opinion, where we dealt with the political ambition of creating a turn supporters of authority, and can not overlook the importance of public opinion and its role against anti - authority and position of authority than that of foreign powers, and the second part, we have considered the religious and sectarian Group, which is one of the most influential community factors, and the dismantling of social interdependence because of their religious, sectarian strife, where many fanatics, and exacerbated conflicts because of religious communities and religious difference, and used Fiqh and philosophy tool of religious polemics, where we mentioned the impact of these conditions to raise public opinion. The third section, we touched it on the most prominent manifestations of economic life and its negative effects on public opinion, which caused a stir of Iraqi society, which reflected the public opinion toward power as a result of circumstances and political and social fluctuations, which in turn influenced the economic factor, because it is the first based in human life.The third chapter we discussed the methods and mechanisms of public opinion in dealing with the state, and represent Bembgesan, we dealt with in the first : the peaceful method of public opinion, and divided by the two axes according to the diversity of the method followed by the masses in response to the state and its unsatisfactory to them, which is the intellectual mechanisms that Pena the role of the educated class in Iraqi society of scholars, writers, and scholars, and historians, in re - packaging of the Iraqi intellectual figure as required by the public interest by means of guidance and counseling and fatwas and preaching. The second axis of the section has been included kinetic mechanisms of public opinion, which we mentioned it Poses gatherings initiated by the people to express their opinion public, and how they Balthacad and assembly of as many as possible to claim their rights and express their views on a particular issue in a peaceful manner cultured. The second section has included : a direct confrontation of public opinion, where we find that the conditions and political events large power transmitted to the lack of reform of the things people solve their problems, their impact, and this pushes them to take the method of force and direct confrontation to express their opinions about a particular issue, disagreed addressing methods , which hit the state institutions as a result of mishandling government institutions holders with people, or to address the representatives of the State of the owners of the aid and the followers of the Caliph of princes and ministers, as well as their C use prevention method of resistance, through military confrontations and the coup that took a great deal, where they adopted threats and intimidation style The coup and cut the sermon of the Abbasids and sometimes against the princes Buyids if necessary. That was about the arrival of the ruling power to a state of weakness and lack of implementation of the demands of the general people, leading to arouse public opinion against it.The fourth and final chapter we had lost the state in calming techniques and provoke public opinion. Chapter has been divided into three sections, we dealt with in the first part : the angry public opinion, and how to listen to their views and make promises to them solving their problems, including the public interest of the state and the parish. The second topic we discussed the method of power and address the factors, which have used the state language of force and direct confrontation to bring about political, social or economic change, check the state its goals and objectives, and we find that the state used to prevent sedition and corruption of this method

التطورات الحضارية في بلاد الرافدين في العصر الشبيه بالكتابي 3500 - 2900ق.م == Civilization Developments in Mesopotamia in Proto Literate (3500 - 2900 BC)

Author name: وقيد بدر ميدي جودة

Supervisor name: طالب منعم حبيب الشمري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The archaeological works in Mesopotamia, which lasted more than 100 years, led to new discoveries added to the previous discoveries and this led to the refinement and the formation of old ideas according to recent discoveries and data, which led to new assessments of the achievements of ancient human Mesopotamia, as Mesopotamia Home to the oldest civilizations in the ancient world, the oldest cities, and the place that witnessed several developments and innovations of civilization changed the face of the old world at the time, and that these developments, which was led by writing, was behind a strong cohesive society, so that this society is associated with the terms of civilization and knowledge .After more than 100 years of excavations at the sites of the old settlements one can think about the effects of museums, the innovations that changed the face of the ancient world, the writing, the bricks and the plow, the musical instruments, the nature of society and the economy that existed. At the time, this study was an attempt to fill a gap in that period and provide some answers to the questions that many of the lovers of ancient history thought. Though these answers are somewhat deficient, they are the maximum that I have reached, and I do not seek perfection through this work. Because perfection is for God alone.The study was divided into four chapters with an introduction and a conclusion and a summary of the work, was discussed in the first chapter to the most important theories that dealt with the pre - writing and the pioneers, aswell as sites representative of the era similar to the writing in Mesopotamia, the second chapter has been addressed the most important social developments in those And the development of the society to the stage of hoarding the wealth that was confined to the hand of the temple, as well as the study of the relationship of kinship among the members of the community, and then the ownership of land and the disposition of selling and buying, and discuss the evolution of architecture during this era, Third, the economic developments were dealt with through agriculture, the creation ofnew varieties, the raising of animals, the handling of industrial materials, minerals, the wood and rope industry, as well as dealing with stones. The fourth chapter examined the most important developments that changed the face of the ancient world at the time, And then discussed the invention of the brick mold, and its relationship with the biological hand man, and then dealt with the tillage and the reasons that led to the invention, also dealt with the relationship of plow biological evolution of the human foot and note For the idea of the foot and connect it to the manufacture of tillage, and then was dealt with the musical instrument and the process of innovation three or four strings, which dealt with the relationship between music and hearing system, and then concluded the study with important conclusions please contribute to answer many of the outstanding questions in the minds of lovers of civilization Alsumaria.

مظاهر الترف في العراق القديم حتى 612 ق.م == Aspects of Luxury in Ancient Iraq until 612 B.C

Author name: زهراء رعد محسن مطر المولى

Supervisor name: طالب منعم حبيب الشمري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: Luxury is considered to be a normal phenomenon in many developed and progressive civilizations, especially that of ancient Iraq. It is quite normal for human beings to seek a better life with comfortable means in order to achieve enjoyment. Consequently, luxury means enjoying life with luxurious food, clothes, accommodation and power. The present study sheds light on different aspects of life in Mesopotamia and how luxuriously that community lived. Moreover, it deals with economic, social and political prosperity as well as ideological development. Luxury has its own features in every era; so we can find it out by exploring material signs at each era of in Mesopotamian history.The reason behind choosing that subject is to explore an important side of the development and progress in Iraqi civilization so as to show luxury and prosperity in Iraq society and their consequences. Moreover, there is no academic specific study that tackles that topic since some studies deal with such a topic but from different perspective despite the fact that there are a lot of texts and tablets.The study consists four chapters. The first one deals with the term luxury’ as a concept and linguistically; whereas the second chapter pinpoints the aspects of luxury in the third millennium BC. The third chapter deals with aspects of luxury in the second millennium BC. As for the fourth chapter, it tackles the aspect of luxury in the first millennium BC. The study has come up with some important conclusions. One these results is that luxury is closely related to social life since luxury starts in the community and ends and prominently emerges from political power. Besides, the study concludes that luxury is clearly shown by Iraqi people taste, inclinations and their love for art and beauty. Moreover, it seems that the common Iraqi individual used to taste the fine art in general and Iraqi princes and kings in particular who always tried to appear in an elegant royal way

التعليم المهني في العراق (1921 - 1958) == The Vocational Education in Iraq 1921 - 1958

Author name: محمد حسين حسوني السويفي

Supervisor name: عباس فرحان ظاهر شبر الموسوي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: ركزت اغلب الدراسات التاريخية والاكاديمية في تاريخ العراق الحديث والمعاصر على دراسة الجوانب السياسية والاقتصادية ولم تعطى تلك الدراسات الجانب الاجتماعي حقه في البحث والدراسة اذا ما قورن بالجوانب السياسية ام الاقتصادية , ومن حيث المبدا فان الجانب الاجتماعي يتكون من مجالات عدة وفروع مختلفة كان ابرزها التعليم الذي احتل اهمية كبيرة لدى المجتمعات المتقدمة باعتباره الركيزة الاساسية في البناء الحضاري للامة والمجتمع المتحضر, وفي حقيقة الامر فان اغلب الدراسات التي ركزت على التعليم كانت تتميز بالشمولية اي انها تختص بالتعليم بمختلف مجالاته وصنوفه خلال مدة زمنية معينة , وبما ان التعليم المهني يعد من ابرز تلك المجالات والذي تناولته اغلب الدراسات الاجتماعية بصورة جزئية ومقتضبة , الامر الذي دفع الباحث الى ان يقوم بدراسة ذلك المجال الذي اهملته اغلب تلك الدراسات ولم تعطيه اهميته سواء في المجالات الاقتصادية ام الاجتماعية وذلك تحت عنوان مستقل (التعليم المهني في العراق 1921 - 1958). وتكمن اهمية ذلك الموضوع من خلال ارتباطه الوثيق بالمؤسسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للبلد لان ذلك النوع من التعليم لم يكن تعليما اكاديميا فحسب وانما كان تعليما مهنيا يختص برفد المؤسسات والقطاعات الحكومية والاهلية سواء كانت صناعية ام زراعية ام تجارية بطاقات بشرية فنية ذات خبرات مهنية وحرفية مختلفة تاخذ على عاتقها ادارة تلك القطاعات. وذلك ان دل على شيء فانما يدل على ارتباط التعليم المهني بعملية التنمية الاقتصادية للبلد , وبما ان ذلك النوع من التعليم مرتبط بشكل خاص بالقطاعات الصناعية والزراعية والتجارية، فصار لزاما علينا دراسة اسباب ضعف وتخلف تلك القطاعات والعوامل التي اثرت فيها خلال الاطار الزمني للدراسة والتي شهدت ولادة الدولة العراقية الحديثة منذ تتويج فيصل ملكا على العراق في 23/اب/1921 والتي كانت نقطة تحول في تاريخ العراق السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي حتى عام 14تموز 1958 والتي تمثل نهاية العهد الملكي وبداية العهد الجمهوري في العراق. قسمت الرسالة على مقدمة وثلاث فصول خاضعة لوحدة الموضوع والتسلسل الزمني وخاتمة احتوت على ابرز النتائج التي توصل اليها الباحث , اذ درس الفصل الاول "التعليم المهني في العراق اواخر العهد العثماني حتى نهاية عهد الانتداب البريطاني عام 1932"، وركز الفصل الثاني على دراسة "واقع التعليم المهني في العراق من الاستقلال حتى نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية 1932 - 1945"، اما الفصل الثالث والذي جاء تحت عنوان "تطور التعليم المهني في العراق اعقاب الحرب العالمية الثانية حتى 14تموز1954". وفي خاتمة الرسالة توصل الباحث الى ان المحاولات الحكومية للنهوض بواقع التعليم المهني خلال العهد الملكي 1921 - 1958 كانت خجولة ولم تتناسب او تنسجم مع الاستقرار السياسي والتطور الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للبلد باستثناء المدة الاخيرة من ذلك العهد لاسيما في حقبة الخمسينيات شهد التعليم المهني بعض النمو بسبب النمو الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للبلد. | Most of the historical and academic studies have focused on modern and contemporary on the study of the political and economic aspects of the history of Iraq was the social aspect of the studies are given the right to research and study when compared with the political aspects or economic and, in principle, the social aspect is composed of several areas and branches different, one of the is education, who finished great importance in developed societies as a main pillar in the cultural building of the nation and civilized society, and in fact, most studies that have focused on education was characterized by inclusiveness which she specializes in education in various fields and its types within a certain period of time, and since that vocational education is one of the most prominent of these areas, was dealt with in social studies partially and in details , which prompted the researcher to be studying that area neglected most of these studies did not give importance both in economic or social fields that under a separate title (vocational education in Iraq from 1921 to 1958). The importance of this issue through closely linked to economic and social institutions of the country, because that kind of education was not only academic education, but it was professional educated specializes feeding institutions, government and private sectors, whether industrial or agricultural or commercial with different human pomes powers that have different technical and vocational experiences take on which runs human cards management of these sectors. And that, if anything it shows vocational education specially to industrial agricultural and commercial sector link. it became necessary for us to study the causes of the weakness and backwardness of those sectors and the factors that influenced them during the time frame of the study, which has witnessed the birth of the modern Iraqi state since the coronation of Faisal as king of Iraq on 23 / Aug / 1921, which was a turning point in the history of Iraq in politics, economic and social until July 14, 1958, which represents the end of the Royal ear Royal and the Birth of the republican era in Iraq. Thesis is divided into the introduction, three chapters subject to the unity of the subject and chronology and a conclusion contained highlighted the results of the researcher, as the first chapter studied the "vocational education in Iraq at the Ottoman period until the end of the British Mandate in 1932", and focused the second chapter focused on the study of "the reality of education professional independence in Iraq until the end of the second World war, 1932 - 1945, "the third chapter, which came under the title of" the evolution of development education in Iraq. From the end of World war the second until July 14, 1954 ". At the conclusion of the thesis, the researcher concluded the attempts of attempts for the advancement of vocational education during the Royal Era 1921 - 1958 was shy and did not suit or fit into the political stability and economic and social development of the country except for the last period of that era, especially in the era of the fifties witnessed a little growth in the vocational education of some growth due to economic and social growth and social of the country. Which helped in creasing the governmental support for the sector of education especially the Vocational education that rein forced to open the vocational schools and taking care of its curriculum and teaching staff and assorting its branches and depart meats and got benefits of its students that supporting the commercial and social development with Iraq witnessed at the end of royal era

اسهامات ضريري العراق واثرهم في الحياة العلمية 1 - 334هــ == Iraqi Blinds Contributions In The Scientific Lif(334H/945AD)

Author name: سوسن فاضل كاظم الدريساوي

Supervisor name: اسراء مهدي مزبان

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: تحتل دراسة تاريخ اسهامات ضريري العراق واثرهم في الحياة العلمية من 1 - 334هـ اهمية كبيرة، وذلك كون تاريخ العلماء المكفوفين هو جزء لا يتجزا من تاريخ الدولة العربية الاسلامية, وفي ظله عاش هؤلاء العلماء حياة امنة مطمئنة انعكست اثارها في ما خلفوه من نتاجات علمية متنوعة اسهمت في دعم الحركة الفكرية عموما، ومن اجل الوقوف على تصور واضح عن طبيعة الحياة العلمية لعلماءنا المكفوفين وعن كيفية وصول هؤلاء العلماء الى تلك الدرجة العلمية التي قد تضاهي العلماء المبصرين، يمكننا ايجاز ماتوصلنا اليه في دراستنا بما ياتي : 1 - توسعت المصطلحات التي تحمل معنى فقدان البصر في كلتا العينين, وعدم القدرة على الرؤيا، ومن تلك المصطلحات : العمى والكفيف والاكمه، ومفهوم الضرير، وان تلك الاعاقة لا تمنع صاحبها من اداء عمله بشكل سليم .2 - يعد العراق من مراكز الاشعاع الفكري في الدولة العربية الاسلامية في القرون الاولى، اذ بدات الدولة تدعم وتشجع العلم والعلماء ومن ضمنهم العلماء المكفوفين، ان دور العراق كان دورا قياديا ورائدا اغنى النهضة الحضارية في ارجاء الدولة العربية، وقدم خدمة انسانية للبشرية جمعاء، وكان لهذا انعكاسا جيدا على تطوير الحركة الفكرية .3 - اولى الدين الاسلامي المعاقين وذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة اهتماما كبيرا ونخص منهم الضريرين،وتمثل ذلك بذكرهم في القران الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة، واجماع ائمة المسلمين، فضلا عن الاحكام الشرعية التي اختصت بهم، ومن الجدير بالذكر ان الدين الاسلامي كفل لهم الرعاية وحفظ حقوقهم وكرامتهم .4 - اسهمت الدولة العربية الاسلامية في ضمان تعلم المكفوفين, ومد يد العون والدعم لهم اذ ان الاسلام قد وقف موقفا نبيلا من المكفوفين, واهتم باهم المراكز العلمية التي تلقوا علومها فيها، فضلا عن الاهتمام بطرق تعليم الضريرين عن طريق توسيع نشاطهم العلمي واتقان علومهم .5 - شارك العلماء المكفوفين اقرانهم من العلماء المبصرين في المسيرة العلمية، واسهموا معهم في النهوض بها، وحققوا كثيرا من النتاجات الفكرية في مختلف العلوم التي اصبح لها الاثر الكبير في الحياة العلمية انذاك .6 - كان الاهتمام بالعلوم الدينية اهم ما يميز الحياة العلمية في العراق في تلك الحقبة؛ لان الدين الاسلامي كان في بداياته الاولى للظهور، ولهذا ابدع العلماء من الضريرين في تلك العلوم كونها علوم لسانية لا تعتمد على المشاهدة والتجربة, ومن اهم تلك العلوم علوم القران الكريم, ولاسيما القراءات القرانية، كذلك علوم الحديث النبوي الشريف، وهناك عدد من الرواة والمحدثين قد برزوا في تلك الفترة الزمنية .7 - للضريرين من العلماء اثر كبير في علوم اللغة العربية وادابها وفنونها، فقد افرزت تلك الفترة ثلة من العلماء النحويين واللغويين والشعراء, واصحاب الخطب من المكفوفين وهم كوكبة رائعة كان لها نتاجات من الدواوين الشعرية، والكتب اللغوية والنحوية اغنت المكتبة العربية الاسلامية في هذا المجال العلمي .8 - اهتم العراقيون بالعلوم الانسانية ومنها اللغة العربية والتاريخ كبقية الامم الاخرى، اذ كانت لهم اسهامات رائعة في هذا المجال، اما فيما يخص علمائنا المكفوفين، فقد كانت لهم اسهامات ونتاجات محددة قد اختصرت على كتب التراجم او السيرة الذاتية التي فقد منها الكثير كبقية الكتب المفقودة، فضلا عن علم الجغرافية الذي اختصر الامر على العالم الجليل سعدان بن عثمان بن مبارك ومصنفاته التي لم تصل الينا للاسف .9 - يمكن ان نوعز اسباب عدم وجود علماء كثر في العلوم التطبيقية من الضريرين الى ان تلك العلوم تقوم على اساس المشاهدة والمعاينة والتجربة, بخلاف ماعرفناه عن العلوم اللسانية التي اعتمدت على سمع المعلومة، وقابلية الحفظ، ومن تلك العلوم الطب وعلم الحيوان التي امتازت بالقلة في عدد العلماء وفي مصنفاتهم .10 - اهتم العراقيون بالفنون والموسيقى كبقية العلوم الاخرى، وللعلماء الضريرين اثر في تلك العلوم، فاسحاق الموصلي قد اشتهر بفن الموسيقى والغناء ، واضاف للموسيقى منهجا ، وبهذا نجد ان فقدان البصر لم يقلل من بصيرتهم العلمية والفنية .11 - ان المنهج الفكري وطريقة التعليم الذي عرف قبل الاسلام يعتمد بالدرجة الاولى على الحفظ والذاكرة في نقل العلم وتداوله، وهذا الامر قد ساعد في تطور العلوم عند المكفوفين الذين اعتمدوا في تعليمهم على الحفظ والذاكرة، وقد افادتهم في تطوير علمهم وفي تاليف مصنفاتهم . | The study of Iraqi blinds history and their impact occupies in the scientific life of (1 - 334AH) has a great significance because that the history of blind scientists is an integral part of the history of the Arab - Islamic state thus the scientists safe life reflected the effects of their Scientific outputs which supported the general intellectual movement, So from this study resulted stand on a clear conception of the nature of the scientific life of our scientists blind and how to access these scientists to that degree may match sighted scientists, from this study we concluded the following : 1 - The terms which the carry the meaning of loss of vision in both eyes, and the inability to vision ,was expanded and those terms : blind & sightless and visionless , and the concept of the blind, and that disability does not prevent the person from the performance of his work properly.2 - Islam had a noble behavior with disabled , and made to him an open way once to discover life, and participate his existence with others at other times3 - Iraq is one of the intellectual radiation centers in the Arab - Islamic state in the early centuries, whereas the state began its supports and promotes science and scientists, including the blind scientists and the role of Iraq was a leadership role and richest cultural renaissance throughout the Arab state this gave a humanitarian service to all mankind, and it made a good reflection to the development of intellectual movement. 4 - Islamic religion gave so much attention to disabled and those with special needs. Carrying out the blind , represented in their mentioned in the Koran and the Sunnah, and the consensus of leaders of the Muslims, as well as legal provisions that singled them, it is worth mentioning that the Islamic religion guaranteed them the care and preservation of their rights and their dignity.5 - Arab Islamic state had a contribution to ensure learning to blinds , and to help and support them , thus Islam has noble behavior to blinds and interested in the most important scientific centers where they received the sciences, as well as its interest in ways of teaching blinds through the expansion of scientific activity and perfecting their science.. 6 - blind Scientists participated their colleagues from sighted scientists in the scientific process, and help them to promote it, and made a lot of intellectual productions in various fields of science, which has become a significant impact in the scientific life at the time.7 - At that era The interest in religious sciences was most important characteristic of scientific life in Iraq; in the beginning of Islam appearance , so blind scientist devise in those sciences because its lingual Science does not depend on the viewer experience, and the most important science Koran Sciences , especially Koran readings, as well as the Hadith Sharif Sciences, there are a number of narrators and modernists have appeared at that time period.8 - Blind scientist has a great effect on Arabic languages and its literatures , thus that era produced a good galaxy of scientist, grammarians , linguists, poets and orators of blind people who are brilliant constellation had a great outputs of poems , language and grammar books that enriched Arab Islamic library in this scientific field .. 9 - Iraqi were interested in social sciences, including Arabic language, history like other nations, they had a wonderful contributions in this field and about our blind scientist , they had a special contributions may be summed up on the books of biography or autobiography lost them like other missing books , as well as geo - science, which shortened it to the world Galilee Saadane bin Othman bin Mubarak and his works, which unfortunately did not reach us,.. 10 - we Can conclude one of reasons of the absence of many scientists in applied science from blinds and science which based on viewing the preview and experience, unlike what we know about Linguistic science that based on hearing information, and the ability of memorize like medicine and zoology , which was characterized by its fewer number of scientists in their works.11 - Iraqis interested in arts, music like other sciences , and blind scientists has a great impact in those sciences, Ishak Musli was known in music and singing, and he added to the music a curriculum, thus we find that the loss of sight did not detract from the scientific and technical insight. 12 - The intellectual approach and method of education, which was known before Islam depends primarily on conservation and memory in the transfer of science and its negotiation , that helped the development of science when blind people who depended on their education on conservation and memorize, has benefited them in the development of their knowledge and in the formation of their works

الاثر الفكري للعراقيين في مصر وبلاد الشام خلال القرنين الثامن والتاسع الهجريين == Intellectual impact of Iraqis in Egypt and the Levant during the eighth and ninth centuries AD

Author name: حيدر عبيد عناد الكرعاوي

Supervisor name: فاضل جابر ضاحي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The reason behind the selection of the theme " the intellectual impact of Iraqis in Egypt and the Levant during the eighth and ninth centuries the of the Hegira " is that despite this period literature studies did not address the impact of Iraq's scientists and intellectual contributions and the extent of their influence in Egypt and the Levant little although the two diagonal lines from Arabic countries which possessed an ancient civilization and authentic heritage of great scientific and scientific stock is great but it has embraced large Iraqi annexation of wealth between Enjoy all aspects of life within the period laid down for the search, and this age though what was of negatives that may be unethical, and guests in the it era is important because of the significant impact of Mamluk sultans in the protection of Egypt and the Levant from the mightiest forces attacks on Arabic and Islamic country, the first stop creep besieging bindra, the second face of the Crusades and their expulsion from the Levant, Egypt and even offshore islands that were under their influence.I spun the Mamluks modelled on predecessors of the Fatimids and Ayyubids in promoting science and scientists, so you might have seen Egypt and Syria on their comprehensive scientific revolution led to encourage scientists and students to leave and head towards Egypt and the Levant, especially after the fall of Baghdad, however, the Mongols, UT scientists from all corners of the Muslim world after it found that aspire from security and stability, respect and encouragement, this led to stimulating the creativity and genius of many scientists who have left behind a lot of Their offspring both scientific law or science in language sciences and mental science, and others, and the nature of the Finder scientific movement of the era, he could devise development through much of the role of science and worship (mosques and schools, and the corners) and the bookcases and the effectiveness of these libraries in attracting scholars and students, as well as some Governors command of Governors and Princes in caring science and scientists, the role of science and its maintenance facilities andBstudents And teachers, this is what was actually in Egypt and the Levant.Hence the urgent need to study for that era and what was the comfort of science and scientists, the impact of Iraqi scientists in the growth and evolution of thought and scientific side in Egypt and the Levant during the eighth and ninth century Hijri.In any case, the title " the intellectual impact of Iraqis in Egypt and the Levant during the eighth and ninth centuries the of the Hegira " guarantee clearly the position of the researcher of research material and elements of the message board they have scientifically dealt with efforts by scientists in the study and teaching of Islamic sciences, linguistic, social, mental and creative scientists identified and their products order and classification wetlamiza, moreover, places where those scientists completed their studies and writings from mosques, schools and others.After we reviewed to real - life scientific and intellectual impact of Iraqis in Egypt and the Levant in the eighth and ninth centuries the of the Hegira through chapters the message we can conclude what comes - I have characterized the Mamluk period in the eighth and ninth centuries the of the Hegira that era intellectual movement and great scientific activity in addition to excellence in political and military side that helped defeat the Mongols and break their Thorn and the expulsion of the Crusaders from the Arabic area and dimensions of the menace and the Levant and Egypt then leadership of the Muslim world after the fall of Baghdad, the Abbasid Caliphate in Egypt and some political and economic stability. - As a result of the Mamluk period of political circumstances and jihadi form a challenge and motivation for standing up to disclose those challenges Through the establishment of a scientific life was earnest and strenuous efforts by scientists and scholars and mocked all their energies in the fields of science and knowledgeCall about enriching libraries of scientific contributions and comunity books to increase consciousness of scientific and jihadist to stand against external challenges - Therefore there was broad interest in religious sciences, legality being touched Muslim doctrine that is essentially the Foundation of faith in addition to not neglect the rest of other sciences - The Mamluk sultans were also particularly in the eighth and ninth centuries Ah big role and great effort in the interest of science and encourage scientists and made in funds which Has had a significant impact on the prosperity and development of science - This interest has manifested itself clearly in abundance and develop educational institutions And these institutions were schools and mosques and gorges, angles and splicing and built hospitals (albmiarstanat) and scientific libraries, the sultans in monitoring endowments to provide these institutions with everything for the Renaissance of science and encourage students - As a result of this effort and attention, in turn, led to the emergence of many scientists and thus The preponderance of the scientific literature and in all forensic science, language and social and mental ones - Almost all political and economic stability and the fall of Baghdad and the interest and promote the sultans of science and scientists of the plethora of scientific and educational institutions as mentioned above make of Egypt and the Levant to be kiss for scientists who had significantly impact intellectual progress, especially in the eighth and ninth centuries Ah - The effect size of Iraqi scientists in Egypt and the Levant during the research period was great, and the diverse and multiple, including readings, and interpretation, and the science of Hadith, Fiqh, science and Arabic language, as well as mental science, medicine, astronomy and other sciences and was at the forefront of science where scientists, Quranic readings and Hadith as the 8th and 9th century Ah is a period of religious sciences, legality and then other sciencesD - Here we must point out the many schools of doctrine and four freedom of study and teaching However, there was a clear narrowing of intellectual movement in Egypt and the Levant during the eighth and ninth centuries AH and this is contrary to intellectual freedom in the Fatimid era - Scientists have had a significant impact on the scientific movement in Egypt and the Levant by the tradition of writings like his wonderful Safieddine jewelry or their authors are a standard for learners and learners and scientists at Millennium Zainuddin Iraqi talking. - The presence of large numbers of Iraqi scientists who are classified, and talent and arts where he found many of them gathered, Nona multiple science and took, as modern interpretation, Fiqh, language and literature, history and controversy and debate, medicine, astronomy, etc. Some had perfected many of those arts teaching and composition and matchups. - It was noted that most scientists who moved to Egypt and the Levant in the eighth and ninth centuries Ah were one of the four schools of Sunni Islam, especially since Egypt and the Levant was the symbol of lltsnn leaving the city of Wasit in the eighth century Hijri radiation Qur'anic studies and modern city of Hilla was a symbol and a platform for Science religious and mental and moral. - This topic needs to other researchers ' efforts to address the impact of Egypt and the Levant folks in Iraq as many scholars of Egypt and the Levant had come to Iraq demanding science

التقلبات السياسية في الشرق الادنى القديم للفترة 1200 - 911 ق.م == Political volatility in the ancient Near East for the period 1200 - 911 BC

Author name: احمد مجيد راضي الشمري

Supervisor name: حسين سيد نور جلال الاعرجي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The issue of political volatility in the Near East ancient period 1200 - 911 BC of important topics that shed light on the historical period very ambiguity and uncertainty among many researchers as the enemy of the strongest periods of the history of the ancient Near East mysterious and Illapeta and that the lack of sources and historical information that speak them, since the amount of information available about this period is very scarce almost makes it difficult to draw a clear picture of the Near East, the old area during the period of the twelfth century and X BC, because of what he suffered Near East old from fierce attack confused by the folks and political conditions New with different origins was not unfamiliar by the gravity of the ferocity led to the destruction and burning of many of the historical archives to darken the various political, cultural, economic and social aspects but despite the availability of the few existing information in our hands we had to go into the midst of research and bringing it to the required level . Required by the nature of the study Tksammha into three chapters and smoothing, as well as the introduction and conclusion of this, and supplements. Included the boot on the definition of the political status of the ancient Near East region for the period 1300 - 1200 BC, which included two sections dealt with the first part, the internal political situation of the ancient Near East. While the second topic addressed to the international status of the area in the ancient Near East.The first chapter has three sections dedicated the first of which included the concept of political twists and causes, while the second section devoted to the review of the centers of power in the ancient Near East, while the third on the impact of geographical factor. The second chapter dealt with the political volatility in the ancient Near East between (1200 - 911 BC), which consists of five sections, the first section was entitled (Mesopotamia) and the second section (Egypt Nile countries), while the title of the third section (the Levant Syrians) and ensures Section IV (Asia Minor), the demise of the Hittite empire while carrying the title of Section V (Elam) Elamites.The third and last chapter of the letter titled results of political instability in the ancient Near East for the period 1200 - 911 BC and included four topics. We discussed in the first section to the (political results) and in the second part, we dealt with (the results of civilization) has headlined the third section entitled (economic results) The fourth and last topic was about (social outcomes).We have adopted in this study on a large group of Arab and foreign sources, translated and untranslated including a book (the history of the ancient Near East) to Antoine Murtkat translation George Haddad and book the old Iraqi art of the author himself, translation Issa Salman and Salim Taha al - Tikriti to the content of these sources of valuable information, as well as book (the history of Syria's political 3000 - 300 BC) to Horst Klingl, translation Saifuddin Diab.The foreign sources was between a variety of books and research as the most important book of the ancient Near East, the ancient near east v, I to its owner (Amelie kuhrt) and book (Bastan Hnasa Eelam) to Danielle T. Bates, translation Zahra Basti, and the book (and the history of urbanization Eelam).

الملك تحتـمس الاول (1504 - 1492ق.م) سيرته وانجازاته == King Thutmose I (1504 - 1492 BC) His biography

Author name: انس عثمان صاحب عباس

Supervisor name: فاضل كاظم حنون

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: There is no doubt that the ancient Egyptian history is full of personalities who had a prominent and clear role in laying the foundations of the Egyptian state in the imperial era, including King Tuthmosis I, who set the policy of Egypt in its imperial era after a series of military campaigns in Nubia, Syria and Libya. The importance of this subject was highlighted by King Tuthmosis I (1504 - 1492 BC). This study sheds light on his exceptional leadership, through which he managed to expand the borders of the Egyptian state and annex large tracts of land to the borders of his kingdom. By the Hyksos because of the weakness of the eastern front of Egypt represented by the country of Syria, which was the main reason for the entry of the Hyksos to the Egyptian territory, which led him to fight them and the openness to a foreign policy more expansive than the treaties of the two old and central countries reflected on a large extent on the economic and cultural side in ancient Egypt The reason for the increase of state resources through the tribute imposed on those countries that entered under the sovereignty of the Egyptian state under the reign of King Tuthmosis I contributed greatly to the building and building of architectural and artistic achievements and monuments.Tuthmosis I, the first king of Egypt, delineated the borders of Egypt from the south of Nubia to the inverse waters of the country of Syria. The first kings of Egypt also reached the Euphrates River and were surprised by the river opposite the Nile. In Egypt, so they called it the reverse water after a series of military campaigns that led to the country of Nuba and the country of Syria as well as Libya.The study focused on more than one method of starting the comparative approach because of the differences of opinion of historians in determining the historical year of the reign of King Tuthmosis I, as well as the difference of opinions on the percentages because of the existence of two ideas or two historical phenomena in order to identify the historical fact according to scientific treatment, Historical facts.There is no doubt that there is a number of insufficient information, despite the short period of time of the reign of King Tuthmosis I, represented by the hieroglyphic texts contained in the various Arab and foreign references, which require reading, collecting, compiling, analyzing and coordinating them, which requires and is consistent with the subject of the research, which is based on a complex approach, "To reach the scientific facts based on the historical data achieved in this prosperous era.Do not miss the opportunity in this letter to show the most important difficulties and problems are the short period of the reign of King Tuthmosis I, which requires the provision of references with the problem of translation, especially from the German and French? And the absence of a comprehensive study in Iraq, showing the main issues related to the subject and the lack of historical references in Iraq, which talk about the subject, which requires the use of the Egyptian side illustrate the problems contained in the letter?The nature of the research was divided into five chapters, as well as introduction and preface : The introduction dealt with the "historical and temporal sequence of King Tuthmosis the First", which lasted twelve years and nine months (1504 - 1492 BC).The first chapter was "The Personal Life of King Tuthmosis the First", which included two subjects dealing with the first topic, his name and title titles, and the second topic to his family.The second chapter dealt with the internal policy of Egypt during the reign of King Tuthmosis the First. It included three aspects of the first : the proclamation of a decree that crowned it; the second dealt with the problem of the covenant's mandate.The third chapter discussed "the administrative and military achievements of King Tuthmosis the First". The first section included the administrative system of King Tuthmosis I and the second section on the army under King Tuthmosis I.The fourth chapter, "External Relations of Egypt under the reign of King Tuthmosis the First", included two topics. The first topic dealt with the external relationship of King Tuthmosis the First towards the south of Egypt (the land of Nubia) and the second relation of King Tuthmosis the First towards Syria and Libya.The fifth chapter, "Economic and Civilization Achievements of Egypt under the reign of King Tuthmosis I", included four topics. The first topic included his achievements in the field of agriculture, in the second section the commercial activity, in the third topic, architecture, and in the fourth section, the technical methods.The conclusion of the letter is a set of conclusions that showed the most important questions that focus on the message through the preface and the five chapters and supplements that hovered on maps and images related to the subject.

النخاسة في العراق في العصر العباسي 132ه - 656ه / 749 - 1258م == AL NAKHASUH IN IRAQ IN THE ABBASID ERA FROM 132 - 656 H / 749 - 1258 A.D

Author name: حسام حسين حسن الكناني

Supervisor name: عطا سلمان جاسم

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The historical studies that concern with slave trade formed a strength path of varied knowledge that concern one of the aspects of the Social and Islamic History. It is an important aspect focus on the nature of the social life of Arab since the Pre - Islamic era. That is why our study came to explain the multi aspects of the life of the social class, which has an importance in Economical and Commercial Aspect, especially in Abbasid Era. The study relied on many studies that discussed the aspects of the subject, and the most important book is Al - mafsal in the history of Arab Pre - Islam by Dr. Jawad Ali who showed the sources of getting slaves Pre - Islam such as Captivity ,wars and Gifts. In addition to that, the book of the Gerald Deguri and his book "Rulers of Mecca" ,he referred of using the black soldiers by the riches of Mecca(Merchants) who brought them from Ethiopia to protect their commercial convoys, and the called them the strangers (strangest). The study includes a preface and four chapters. The first chapter discussed the "Original Legitimate for slave Trade" ,that includes; first the Holy Quraan attitude, second, the attitude of Prophetic Hadith and Sunnah, third, the saying and actions of the prophet's family, fourth ,the attitude of the companions and scholars and Fifth, the attitude of writers and scientists from it. Chapter two came with the title "the factors of slaves trade prosperity", that includes four themes : the military factor, the economical ,the Social and the Religious one .In chapter three, we showed "the resources and the slaves position in Abbasid Era", that came with two themes : the first theme includes the sources of getting slaves, the second theme includes the position of slavery and slave traders at Abbasid Era(132 - 656 H,749 - 1258 A.D). Chapter four discussed the markets and the ways of selling slaves,which includes two themes : the first one is the markets and the centers of slaves trade and the supervision and the second one is the ways of selling and dealing with slaves trade. The research came with many conclusions : - The slave Trade knew as the most important trade in the ancient Nations. - Women and Men participated in that Trade,and most of these women were priestess. - Islam confirmed of librating human from slavery and get rid of serfdom. - Islam and the Holy Qur'an were not the only that reject this trade,but it goes to a public opinion issued by the scholars and writers relying on the original sunnah of Islam. - The slave trade has an important positions in many Islamic eras, however it was rejected by Islam and considering it as one of the neglect actions and focusing on human freedom. - The slave trade was active in the Abbasid era, and many markets and special streets were founded

طقوس وممارسات الملك المنتصر في العراق القديم 3000 - 539ق.م == The Rituals and practices of the Victorious king in Ancient Iraq 0333 - 905 B.c

Author name: حيدر رشيد طه

Supervisor name: فاضل كاظم حنون

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: Religious thought is the basis for most of the systems that existed in ancient Iraq, such as the political system, the military regime, and even the economic and social systems. These systems had secretions and results, especially the military regime characterized by the history of ancient Iraq throughout its periods and the diversity of countries that ruled it.Those secretions that resulted from the military are the victories achieved by the kings of Iraq and what followed the victories of the rituals and practices of the practice of the kings of Mesopotamia, which were different goals and motives and motives, including religious, political, media or psychological motivation, This study is intended to shed light on the most important rituals, practices and motives that the ancient kings of Iraq have established.Research problem : The research attempts to shed light on the most important rituals and practices that are usually associated with the military campaigns waged by the kings of ancient Iraq during their ruling. These rituals and practices were motivated by various reasons, religious, psychological, political or even for media purpose.Reasons for choosing a topic : There are several reasons why we have chosen this topic particularly, these reasons are : 1 - There is no comprehensive study similar to this one and this subject itself.2 - Exploring the most important rituals and practices that resulted from the military campaigns in ancient Iraq and then exploring the most important motives behind them.3 - the comprehensiveness of the topic in terms of covering the historical period ) 3333 - 535 B.C. )4 - To enrich the Arabic libraries with such studies, especially if we know that they take the analytical aspect into consideration by knowing the motives of the rituals and practices of the victorious king in ancient of Iraq.Search Hypothesis : This study came to answer as much as possible the questions that may occur in the mind of the reader and follower of the history of ancient Iraq, including.1 - What are the rituals and practices of Iraq's ancient kings in the event of a military campaign against any of the countries of the ancient Near East?2 - If there are rituals and practices before the military campaign and the second and then or was it specialized in time without another?3 - What are the implications of doing such rituals and practices?4 - Were these rituals and practices varied or at one pace?What motivates them to perform such rituals and practices? 56 - Is the principle of continuity and repetition that characterized the ancient civilization of Iraq also included those rituals and practices through successive descendants?Research Methodology : This study was not limited to one methodology only, but included several scientific approaches adopted by the researcher in his study : 1 - descriptive approach : review of some military campaigns in the history of ancient Iraq, as well as the statement of the connection of some rituals and practices military campaigns and it was a requirement of victory or as a result.2 - Analytical Approach : This study required to stand on some texts that were specific to the military campaigns and then analyze their contents and analyze the motives that called upon the victorious kings to perform these rituals and practices.The nature of the research has to be divided into four chapters as well as the introduction and the preface. It also included the most important conclusions that emerged from this study. In the introduction, we discussed the origin of the word weather and ritual in the language dictionaries, whether the old languages ??or the Arabic language and the English language. The most important uses of this word.The First Chapter : dealt with the most important rituals and practices of the Iraqi kings who achieved victories in the third millennium BC, whether among the states of the cities that were in control of that period or between the city and other outside the geographical area of ??ancient Iraq, divided into two sections : The era of the dawn of the dynasties until the establishment of the Akkadian state The second topic has been related to those rituals and practices since the emergence of the Akkadian state until the fall of the Third Ur dynasty.The Second chapter deals with the rituals and practices of the victorious king during the second millennium BC. It came in the form of two sections. The first : rituals and practices in the old Babylonian period (2334 - 1555). 1555 BC until the establishment of the modern Assyrian state in. 511 B.C.The third chapter, which is the most important chapters of the thesis, deals with the rituals and practices of the victorious since the establishment of the Assyrian state in 511 BC until the creation of the dynasty Sergonia in 121 BC. The second section, in which he presented the rituals and practices of the victorious king since the establishment of the Sergonic dynasty 121 BC until the end of the modern Babylonian era. 535 B.C.The fourth chapter discussing the most important motives that led the ancient kings of Iraq to do such rituals and practices, and it came in the first two parts : It shows the religious and political motives for the rituals and practices of the victorious king. The second topic is devoted to talking about the media and psychological motives of the rituals and practices of the victorious king. In this chapter there is some overlapping in the information and citations of motives. The reason is that the rituals and practices cited in more than one place, for example, the art and media motives can be at the same time the psychological motivations. To encourage the fighters to enter the battles and then to win them and so on in the other motives.The research was based on several Arab and foreign sources that were the basis for the collection of information.The first is the book of Taha Baqer (Introduction to the History of Ancient Civilizations). This book has a great impact on enriching the research in terms of accuracy and availability of the book.Among the other Arabic books is the book Nael Hanoun (Historical and Literary Cuneiform Texts), which is an important source of cuneiform texts, especially since the author of the book relied on the translation of texts from ancient Sumerian and Akkadian languages ??into Arabic directly. This method of translation helps not to lose Information from cuneiform texts.As for the foreign books translated into Arabic, the first of these books is the book of Samuel Noah Kramer (Sumerians history, civilization and characteristics), since the substantive analysis relied on by the author of the book and its dependence on the main cuneiform texts gave the book importance, making it an important resource for the research.Among the other books is Antoine Mortakat's Ancient History of the Near East, which had an important impact on the history of the Near East and the nature of its relationship with Iraq in its ancient history, as well as the book Antoine Mortakat (Art in Ancient Iraq) (Sumer art and culture) and (Ashur world of forms major civilizations), which was one of the specialized books in the field of ancient Iraqi art, which enriched the research in terms of information and pictures and supplements on which the researcher relied, as well as a collection of books by Harry Saks And the power of Assyria and Babylonians It is considered one of the most objective works in presenting ideas and opinions pertaining to the history of ancient Iraq.As for the foreign books, the research reported a number of the book A.Kirk Grayson (The Royal Inscriptions ofMesopotamia) in all parts, which carries a shortcut RIMA. Which was an important source of the texts of the kings and their properties that were written through the history of ancient Iraq, as well as the book D. D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylon (ARAB)), which also contributed to the research of the royal texts of the kings of ancient Iraq.And I do not deny that I faced some difficulties because the recruitment of the results of the military campaigns as rituals and practices and the difference between them needed to have some of the thinking and accuracy in dealing with those results as well as the analysis of the motives behind the rituals and practices also needed to be accurate in the examination, especially if we know Overlapping by quoting them

الزراعة في مصر القديمة حتى عام (525ق.م) == Agriculture in Ancient Egypt Until (525 B.C)

Author name: حسين كامل عيدان الزبيدي

Supervisor name: فاضل كاظم حنون

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: Agriculture, or as it is called, is the agricultural revolution as it changed human life in the ancient world in all its aspects. Before agriculture, man was a traveler who did not know stability and relied on his strength to collect what is accessible from plants or animals. It crystallizes in man and changed his life to economic, social and religious. The ancient Egypt was an important cultural center in the ancient Near East, which achieved an important civilization achievement for the Egyptian human life. It could not achieve this achievement without the availability of a geographical environment suitable for agriculture. The first is the availability of sufficient water to the Nile River, Agriculture .We can not say that the conditions of the geographical environment in ancient Egypt led only to agriculture. We do not underestimate the role of the Egyptian man, who was able to employ these different environmental factors to serve agriculture. Saying : "Learn not one is born a Scientist "( ) The second innovation that was associated with the establishment of agriculture was what the Egyptian produced and invented from machines and tools that facilitated agriculture. He also succeeded in controlling the flood of the Nile River and faced another important problem namely water scarcity. He tried to store the water at the time of the flood , And thus moved to rely on industrial irrigation and mechanization by raising water to agricultural land.Research problem . Was the problem of research in the important question, was agriculture in ancient Egypt, a local innovation or it entered Egypt as a result of friction and the transfer of the old man with other centers of civilization, and whether agriculture in ancient Egypt was contemporaneous with agriculture in the important cultural centers in the ancient Near East, , And the Levant. The extent of the oldest fossils found from wheat and barley grains, whether they are domesticated or natural spread in many areas of the ancient Near East, these questions we tried to answer in this research. The importance of the subject is due to the lack of a study on agriculture in ancient Egypt, one of the important elements of civilization, this subject prompted us to research it and try to clarify its different aspects. The method used in the research, the nature of the subject, requires us to diversify in the testing of a research method, when we want to know the origins of plants, we need to take a comparative approach to know where these grains and spread, and sometimes take the descriptive approach in the description of machines and agricultural tools, To reach the closest scientific opinion to put it right in the research and discussion. According to the requirements of the completion of the research topic section into four chapters and conclusion. The first chapter deals with the factors affecting the start and development of agriculture in the Nile Valley, which is divided into four fields. The first topic is : The climate and its impact on the start and development of agriculture in ancient Egypt. The second topic : Agricultural lands in the Nile Valley countries. The second chapter deals with the beginning of agriculture and its development, which is also divided into three topics : the first is : agriculture in prehistoric times, the second topic : the development of agriculture in historical times, and the third topic : agricultural operations, , Chapter III : Care in the Department of Agriculture and Irrigation, also divided into three areas, the first topic : the management of agricultural land, the second topic : Department of Irrigation, the third topic : the farmer in ancient Egypt and its social status. In this chapter, we observed the extent to which agriculture reflected the religious life of the ancient Egyptian. This chapter is divided into three sections, namely, the first topic : Goddesses and Feast of Fertility, and the second topic : the gods and the festivals of the harvest and its rituals. The third topic : gods of water and flood .

الادارة والسياسة الاخمينية في عهد احشويرش الاول 486 - 465 ق.م == Administration and Politics Achaemenid in Reign of Xerxes I (486 - 465 B.C.)

Author name: حوراء كريم محمد التوبي

Supervisor name: سعد عبود سمار

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The King Xerxes I is the brightest and the most prominent figures in the history of the Achaemenid Empire, who ruled the sprawling patch at that time. After the death of his father Darius I (522 - 486 B.C.) he inherited the reign which echo sounded in the history of the ancient world and which included nations and tribes of different ethnicities and nationalities and languages. The first years of his reign faced incidents and many changes that represented in the outbreak of revolutions and upheavals that he managed to eliminate quickly and united the Achaemenid Empire under his rule again. And this is evidence of his military ability and experience. Xerxes followed his father's path of expansion projects in Europe.The subject of this research was discussed in three chapters. The first chapter was devoted to the study of king Xerxes and his early life and career; that the first part discussed his name and his royal titles and the nature of his upbringing and the kind of education he received in the palace of women which had the greatest impact of women on his life and particularly the effect his mother brought. The second section had discussed the mandate of the Covenant and the problems he faced before he took the crown that he could make it with efforts of his mother (Atoosa) and his uncle (Artbaat), who had agreed to take Dara's first son away and to put Xerxes in his place as crown prince.The second chapter studied the states of the Achaemenid in the reign of Xerxes I. So, the first part dealt with the most important administrative divisions and the states of the Achaemenid Empire because Xerxes changed the policy of his father concerning the administration of provinces that he undermining many states making them insignificant states, and no state been added during his reign than those of his father. The second part dealt with administrative functions in the Achaemenid Empire as his time is marked with the strength work of these positions and those occupants significant work especially in his last years. And the third one dealt with the financial management of money and taxes and other taxes that increased because wars increased during his reign, especially the war with Greece and the more money usage. The third chapter discussed Xerxes policy with Babylon and Egypt and Greece, and it came into two sections; the first on the policy of dealing with Babylon and Egypt, and how he cruelly dealt with these two states and his pulling out all the prerogatives that Babylon lost all its political and religious status during his reign and its national governance ended. However, Egypt is just like Babylon, that it was considered as a state of non - importance and its status was neglected. In addition, the second section discussed Xerxes's policy towards Greece, starting with introductions of wars and battles and results of the wars and their impact on the Achaemenid Empire. Because such wars considered as a setback for the state of the Achaemenid Empire, and the failure of Xerxes in those wars led to the weakness and lack of self - confidence that led him to leave to the Palace of women and leaving ruling behind, however, the staff and the women in the Achaemenid court worked to rule until he was killed by them.

عبد القادر اسماعيل البستاني ونشاطه السياسي في تاريخ العراق الحديث 1907م - 1979م == Abedalkhadher ismaeaal Al - Bustany And his bolitical Activities in Modren Iraqi History 1907 - 1979

Author name: زينب فارس عبد الواحد العتابي

Supervisor name: خضير مظلوم فرحان البديري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The study of the intellectual and political figures from studies that give an individual role in making history, Iraq has witnessed the contemporary emergence of a number of eminent personalities who have had a role in the events, and because the study shed light on many of Iraq's public affairs, did those studies intersect with the study of the situation in Iraq political, economic, social, and even led to fathom these events, and among these characters come Personal late Abdul Qadir Ismail, the gardener, who penetrated the political life of the field from an early Odvarh, and clearly contributed to it, especially that it was a constituent of the first episodes of Marxism personalities including ring Hussein's first backpacker Marxism that emerged in Baghdad after the end of World war I, and the entry of the ideas of Marxism and communism to Iraq. Following the approach taken in scientific research and academic practice it has been used in the writing of this letter "descriptive and analytical approach", and divided into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion and supplements, discussed a researcher in the first chapter the early stages of the life of Abdul Qadir Ismail gardener (1907 - 1930), fitted between the cover to cover four topics, discussed the first part, its origins and its impact on the political and social life, talked about his family and its role in public life in Iraq, either the second topic dealt with the early life of Abdul Qadir Ismail, the political and the formation of the first episode of Marxism in Iraq and joining her, contained a third section on the activity and the role of Abdul Qadir in student movements, strikes and political demonstrations, and his contributions to the political when he was a student in high school through his participation in the general strike (1925 - 1926), and the incident amiable Nsouli (1926 - 1927), as well as his participation in the demonstrations against the unique visit Monde early 1928 to Iraq, the fourth section included the first study of its sources of intellectual, journalistic writings in Iraqi newspapers and magazines, as well as joining some of the workers' associations that emerged during that period.Search chapter II, Abdul Qadir Ismail activity and its role in Iraqi political life (1930 - 1937), the first part, stressed the opposition Abdul Qadir Ismail, the Treaty of British - Iraq in 1930, which were imposed on Iraq by the United Kingdom, and entered the League of Nations, and touched second section, the role of Abdul Qadir in the founding group parents and gazette the name of speaking, where shares were clearly established, which laid the foundation stone in calling for political, economic and social reform, and called for the construction of the modern state based on respect for the Constitution and fundamental freedoms, and democratization concepts, and he stopped the third section, on the the role of Abdul Qadir in the Bakr Sidqi coup in 1936, which is the first military coup witnessed in the Arab region and Iraq in particular and the subsequent obvious changes on the general structural policy in Iraq, and focused the fourth section on the entry of Abdul Qadir to the House of Representatives this stage consisted enter gardener activity field political group organized by parents, and the expression of political arguments and activities hostile to the government, which eventually led to the overthrow of the Iraqi citizenship from him and exiled abroad. And accept the third quarter, and in the first section, Nidal Abdel Qader Ismail struggle eating in exile in the ranks of the Syrian Communist Party of Lebanon, and his contributions there through its participation in the issuance of the newspaper (Voice of the People), this as well as his participation in the National Congress of the Communist Party in the Syrian - Lebanese in Syria Special Arab nationalist cause, and Lebanon, and repeated attempts from the presence of the Iraqi Communist party in order to return it to the home of a new practice of former political activism as well as paired with the communists inside Iraq and is interested in the second section examines the circumstances of Abdel Qader Ismail was arrested in Lebanon and the accompanying events and developments subsequent to The political field.The fourth chapter and the latter has been devoted to the study of Activity Abdul Qadir after he returned to Iraq after a long absence of more than twenty years, which included the first section, revolution of July 14 and the new turn in the life of Abdul gardener, after more than six months after the revolution, the party newspaper issued Communist central newspaper "people's Union", openly occupied the gardener presided over and responsibility for the newspaper people's Union mouthpiece of the Communist party speaking, it turned to months and broader Iraqi newspaper, as it was deposited 26 thousand copies a day, and the newspaper was implemented if the descent of the markets, exploited by hands Sraa, and the newspaper was stopped at August 1961, after many harassed by Abdul Karim Kassem of their platforms and articles inflamed and the depth of its impact on the Iraqi political arena, and highlighted the second section, the light on the eighth of February 1963 coup and the end of politics for a gardener, and arrested and jailed after a long activity and track political events, interested third section , talking about life inside the gardener Click Salman that transfer after her eighth of February 1936 coup

Author name: خلود حبيب كريم الحسناوي

Supervisor name: سعد عبود سمار

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Doctorate

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

التعليم في لواء العمارة 1958 - 1968 : دراسة تاريخية == The education in amarah 1958 - 1968 historical study

Author name: ضياء علي عبد الحسين الجشعمي

Supervisor name: عكاب يوسف عليوي الركابي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: Education is one of the most important peoples investments and advanced societies because it contributes to the persistence of human societies and survival has impact in preserving the traditions and religious and social customs, and through education communities seeking to promote their cards and human potential in order to achieve independence and development because education is investing the most important resource for the community is the capacity of its members and energies of mind to achieve the greatest return to the community is to create a good citizen who understands and knows the limits of his or her duties and rights. The reasons that prompted the researcher to choose this theme is the lack of academic studies on the banner of architecture after the revolution of July14, 1958 despite the importance of the period from a historical perspective and the concomitant many variables, due to the diversity of images of social life and Artbtha each other, it artena limited in our study on reality education in the District of architecture due to the fact that education is the tool key in the process of political, social and economic change, as he sense natural to build the personality of the individual and the interest of the researcher to highlight the historical facts of the ancient city and show the face of a bright and shiny aspects of social life and as part of the fulfillment of the city researcher that he had to provide historical study as a part of Jamilha given by in order to be the start of in - depth studies in this aspect, which is worthy of study.After the revolution of July 14, 1958 moved education in the District of architecture to a new stage of development and prosperity in all its kinds and joints due to changes in the brigade at all levels and by improving economic and social conditions and change in some social concepts that prevailed in earlier eras, it has increased social awareness folks need to send their children to schools, which led to the witness Maj big movement in the creation of new schools

اثر الالهة الاناث في معتقدات الحياة والموت بلاد الرافدين وبلاد النيل - انموذجا == The Impact of Goddess in the Beliefs of Life and Death in Mesopotamia and the Nile Countrie - a Model

Author name: علي جبار عزيز الطائي

Supervisor name: سعد عبود سمار

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Doctorate

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: Throughout human history, religion has always been a mirror of the evolution of human and space attracts all spiritual and intellectual activity; the reflections of human philosophy, ethical value and the perceptions metaphysical all are flowing into the religion and expresses itself through mediated beliefs and rituals, so we cannot understand ancient people if we neglect studying them. The first religious beliefs landmarks appeared in the ancient Near East, starting from the Neolithic period, which witnessed the first revolution in human life consisted of agricultural revolution coincided with the emergence of the first beliefs. Women made the first religious perception taken the form of a goddess portrayed with dolls made of clay, so the first idol was associated with fertility, it was paired with land, which is the mother the truth of the human person and of all cosmic manifestations of living; life came out of it and go back to it, for this the female was included the first human to represent beliefs and became foundation base that has become, later on, a source of subsequent beliefs. Society valued Female Goddess along times by literary texts which took the legendary character, as well as works of art from sculptures and pottery ... etc., which were not to put them in the first position, but her presence was an active and eventful beginning from worshiping them as goddess, that have the ability to create and innovate, besides its ability to give life and continuity, this has been the first global appearance and other manifestations sprung from it, and each manifestation of them had characteristics of the former, and took roles with the gods, so they were the first saying the formation of the universe and its organization on its own or along with males, as well as its contribution on earth. And thus goddess have taken a regular role and integrated to the creativity in the ancient people's beliefs.So the importance of the subject is that it is being taught in two important aspects of the ancient beliefs in life and death in the two civilizations : Mesopotamia and the Nile Countrie. This study included an introduction, a review and then four chapters, as well as the conclusions that the study has reached and of course the appendixes. Its review explained an overview of the stages of the importance of the female goddess and stages of decline, it was the early stages of the cult worshipping the female goddess which were the (mother goddess) that appeared in the Neolithic period; then refers to the stages of evolution of religious thought, in Mesopotamia and the Nile Countrie civilizations, in diagnosis of natural phenomena surrounding them, which gave the divinity characteristics. This created the gradual transformation from goddess towards gods. The ages shows the final proof that gods had the higher rank when the goddess had the lower one in deities. The first chapter , entitled ( The Contributions of the Goddess in the Creation ) The chapter sectioned into the three sections. The first one has been dedicated to the reference of the contribution of t Gods multiple females in the creation of the universe and then organized. The second section, talks its contribution in the creation of her sons (the gods) , who came with various forms. The third section is about its contribution to the creation of man in Mesopotamia and Nile Countrie.The second chapter entitled : (The Contribution of Goddess in Cognitive and Professional and Ethical Aspects), this chapter, shows the role of goddess in the professional aspects that were practiced by human whether male or female in society and its impact on goddess. This chapter with its four sections pointed first the educational side and the contribution of goddess in written forms, and the second topic pointed health aspect and the role of goddess who took the role of midwife, while the third topic talks about the role goddess on the battlefield and its role as a fighter, while the fourth section is about its contribution in the moral aspect, representing justice, particularly social justice.The third chapter , entitled : ( A Contradiction and Contrast in the Character of Goddess ), since gods resemble humans in everything except immortality, they carry within them emotions, behaviors and actions which are contradictory and sometimes antagonistic. This chapter included the first two sections under the title ( Between Wisdom and Recklessness), while the second section entitled ( Between Health and Disease ) .The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of ( The Role of Goddess in Death). This chapter has four. The first Sections, has pointed to the first phase of declaration of death to burying the body in cemetery. The second section talks about : The second phase, which begins from the grave to the underworld in Mesopotamia, until it goes to the court gods in Mesopotamia.The thirds section talks about : the third phase; refers to the underworld : its form and description as embodied in Mesopotamia and the divine court and its most important procedures in underworld Nile Country civilization.The fourth section included : a reference to the fourth stage and its contents after the divine court proceedings .

صيانة وترميم المظاهر العمارية في العراق القديم في ضوء المعطيات التاريخية == Maintenance and Renovation of ALimariya scenes in Old Iraq in The Light of Historical Facts

Author name: احمد بشار جمعة

Supervisor name: طالب منعم حبيب الشمري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Ancient History

Degree: Doctorate

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The old Ammaria appearances one of the Cultural Heritage landmarks that are proud of and cherish it represents the mirror that reflects the historical identity of the ancient civilization rooted for thousands of years, reflected the reality of the life of society carrying various types of difficulties he faced at the beginning of his career, but he stop the towering surpassing that founding oldest civilization in history.The subject of research highlights the maintenance and restoration of the old Ammaria appearances whether religious worship for the purposes of the houses of the holy gods or civilian, represented the city and Accessories, through processing and repair the damage that has been exposed; it that one of the problems faced by the old Iraqi society both in prehistoric times and historical eras devastation and destruction, which affects the appearance Amari for many reasons, including that of simply building constructed in accordance with the limited man who soon succumbed to the forces of the extraordinary nature of the rain and winds and high temperatures thought, that's taking that man looks for solutions, using the simplest means and mechanisms that were available in the surrounding environmental, over time, became friendly accumulation of expertise as a result of repeating this process for failing once again the success in building maintenance.From that came to choose this topic because it represents a historically important crossing of the ideas upon which the man ancient Iraqi civilization in the treatment and repair the damage that affects appearance Amari, reflecting the resilience against risks they faced from natural and human, also highlights research topic Aldua the most prominent achievements rulers and kings of civilization give this aspect a great deal of their time as a result because it represents the importance of relating to one of the most important aspects of life that has to be to make it appear the best, so we find them excelled in the field of maintenance and repair of the manifestations of religious and civil Ammaria.This study has necessitated the division of the thesis into five classes according to the methodology of scientific research and scientific material available. The first chapter titled maintenance and repair in three sections deal with the first part, the term maintenance and repair in the language Sumerian and Akkadian; it focused on addressing the word maintenance, restoration and words synonymous with the Sumerian, Akkadian, cameABSTRACT 2second section under the maintenance and repair title of the language and idiomatically touched it to the meaning of maintenance and restoration in the Arabic language dictionaries live as roads to the meaning idiomatically on according to the opinion of specialists in it. He said the third section to the emergence and development of the idea of maintenance and repair since the beginning of man's stability when the discovery of agriculture and access to the historical stages. He focused the second chapter on the subject of factors and causes of maintenance and repair and came in four sections included the first section, Nature factors including respect of the climate and the environment, nature and extent affected by the construction used in the construction and material, while touched second section to the religious motives as they have a psychological impact on the thought and belief of the community old Iraqi, and the third on the subject of the total of other reasons, including (social, military and political) ie all human motives which led to harm appearances Ammaria and also be used as an incentive to the feet of the maintenance and restoration of what has been destroyed. The fourth section focused on the rituals associated with the maintenance and restoration. The third chapter talking about the maintenance and restoration of the manifestations of religious architecture devoted any he touched to study all the achievements of the rulers and kings of ancient Iraq that relate to the maintenance and restoration of houses of the holy gods in three sections, the first under the maintenance and restoration of the temple title while pointed second section to the maintenance and restoration of the ziggurat, and touched the third section to the maintenance and restoration of the shrine. The fourth chapter came under the maintenance and restoration of the manifestations of civil architecture title focusing on the study of all aspects of civil Ammaria that belong to the palace and members of the community and ordinary, divided into four sections focused first section on the study of the maintenance and repair of houses, while the second section came to dealing with the maintenance and restoration of the cities, said third section to the maintenance and restoration of palaces while ensuring the fourth section maintenance and repair of fences and gates, have been marking fifth chapter titled maintenance materials and repairs and working groups in the two sections focused first section on maintenance and repair materials, while said second section to the workers in the maintenance and restoration. The conclusion of the letter came a set of conclusions reached by the researcher as far as the scientific article contained. Followed by pictures and extension forms and a list of sources in Arabic, English and references.

الشيعة ودورهم السياسي في لبنان 1920 - 1958 == Shia and their Political Role in Lebanon 1920 - 1958

Author name: حسين عبد الحسين عباس الزهيري

Supervisor name: خضير مظلوم فرحان البديري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The title, “The Shiites and Their Political Role in Lebanon1920 - 1958” is among thecrucial issues in the political history of Lebanon. For it would explore a key component ofthe Lebanese society which has contributed to building political contemporary Lebanesestate. This is evidenced in the hypothesis of this study. The subject matter of this studyfalls within the socio - political history. Knowing that the researcher has come to pick theyear1920, as the beginning of his study,for it was the year in which the Shiite communalitywas forcedly annexed to the structure of the Lebanese state, the French mandate overLebanon was announced and the State of Greater Lebanon was established. Theresearcher has chosen 1958, as the closing year of the study, because it represented theexpiration of the first Lebanese Republic - an event that can be considered as thebeginning of a new era in Lebanon and one that was in many ways unlike previous eras.The study has been divided into an introduction, five chapters and a conclusionalong with a number of annexes. Chapter Oneis an introductory chapter dealt with thehistorical roots of the formation of Lebanese Shiite community well up to 1920. It containsa number of topics. These are the genesis of Shiite sect and its doctrine, the spread of theShiite sect in Lebanon, status of Shi'ite clerics in Lebanon, the Shiites under the 1516 - 1914 Ottoman Empire and finally, the activities of the Shiites in Lebanon from 1914 - 1920.Chapter Twodeals with addresses the efforts of theLebanese Shia in theestablishment of the State of Greater Lebanon in 1920 - 1926. It touches on several topics : the 1920 Conference of the Lebanese Shiites in Hujayr, their reactions on the 1920French mandate, along with the Niger’s campaign of French military against the Shiites ofLebanon in 1920, as well as the position of Lebanon's Shiites from the declaration of theGreat State of Lebanon in 1920, the inclusion of Lebanon’s Shiites in the 1921 census,the Lebanese representation in the Lebanese representative councils from 1922 - 1926, theShiite’s political anti - moves against the French authorities from 1920 - 1926, and down tothe state of division imposed among the Shiite sect over the 1926 Lebanese constitution.Chapter Threededicates to the attitude Shiites of Lebanon about the Lebaneseinternal situations in 1926 - 1936. The chapter referred to the extent of the participation ofLebanon's Shiites in the parliamentary elections from 1926 to 1936, and their seriousdesiresin the government’s representation for the same period, as well as Shiite orientationAbstractBtowards Lebanon union with Syria during the period of 1927 - 1936, the Shiites’ registrationin the 1932 census. The chapter alsodeals with Shiite reactions to French control overtheiragricultural areas leading to the 1936 uprising of Shiites in BintJbeil. The Shiite - Frenchclashes haveprecipitated the conclusion of the France - Lebanon treaty in 1936 - thetreaty which divided up Shia’s attitudes about it, prompting a segment of Shiites to blendinto the then Lebanese Republic.Chapter Four focuses on unification of the Shiites of Lebanon over the interiorissues of Lebanon 1937 - 1946. It has turned out that the rush of Shiites into theadministration of justice to them in elections, subsequent Lebanese Parliament sessions,and their claim to representation in the Lebanese government at the time as well as theShiites rejection of the coercive policy that was used against them during World War II andtheir objection of decrees 49 and 50 of 1943. The chapter as well goes over the 1943National Pact of Lebanon that helped secure the privileges of the Shiite community andtheir legal rights in the representation, the Shiite’s determination to hold on to the Republicof Lebanon following the Lebanon's independence in 1943 and foreign withdrawal thereof.Chapter Five addresses the role of Shiites in Lebanon's internal politicaldevelopments 1947 - 1958. It encompasses themes, chief of which are the Shiites’ movesto ensure their rights in the parliamentary and presidential elections and theirrepresentation in successive Lebanese governments. Shiites role was not restricted tothere, however. Rather, Shiites demands of reforms drove them to their participation in theLebanese uprising in 1952 and in the Lebanese political parties as well as their prominentnational role in the Lebanese revolution in 1958. As for the conclusion, it includes theoutcomesto which the researcher reached.Throughout the study, the researcher focuses on the position of nothing more thanthe Twelfth Sect of Shiite community in Lebanon and no other Shiite communities, such asthe Nasiri, Alawites and Ismaili scattered around Lebanon. Forthe Twelver is the biggestcommunity in number, exposed to the arbitrariness of the ruling authorities and successiveLebanese governments over the period 1920 - 1958. Not only this, the subject matter itselfhas not had its share of study in a separate and scientific academy way. It is thesereasonsthat would lendprodigiousstanding not on the topic only, but for choosing it as well.What is more, the researcher managed to respect the thematic unity in dealing withAbstractChistorical events encompassed by this study, in particular, the theme of the political partiesaddressed in Chapter Five that has been studied in detail, all at one over the study periodin question.The conclusions of this dissertation prove the following : The tyrannical policy against Shias does not change throughout Ottoman regime.Ottoman State attributes their conflict with Persian State to the Shias in all the places itgoverned. In addition, it does not confess Shia as one of the Islamic four doctrines.Besides, it legitimizes killing Shias and looting their money as well as women. However, thelaw of sects which was produced later by Sublime Porte confesses some of Shia's rights.The reason beyond this law was to increase the number of Muslims over the number offollowers of other religions in the Ottoman Empire who helps the great states in the war.This law lasts to the First World War in 1914 and the submission of Lebanon to the French occupation in 1920.New era of the Shiite sect has begun in 1920 when they rejected the French mandate in Lebanon and resisting it powerfully, particularly when the armed groups that led the armed resistance against the French have strengthened. Only the Shiite sect took this position while the others sects restored to more flexible stance so as to gain political benefits. Maronite and Sunni sects have agreed with the declaration of large Lebanon in1920 while none of the Shiite figures were invited to the ceremony because of their rejection to the French policy in Lebanon.The Shia have lost most of the advantages that other Islamic sects have gained because of the Shiite breakup among their leaders who are the representatives of the sect.this leads to surface representation. Besides, their rejection of the political work causes them to get away of the procedures followed by the French commission. Such procedures include blocking Shia from representation in parliament, to be included in the census in 1920, agreement on writing the constitution or declaring the republic in 1926, and finally the second census in 1932 which aggrieves Shia's rights. As such, Shia occupied the third rank in Lebanon since they were the first.Generally, the Shiite sect have not played its exact role in Lebanon because of the resistance of the French authorities who aligned with the other sects against Shia. This resistance was represented by preventing Shia to occupy sensitive positions in the state.This French policy has lasted throughout the occupation period and then to the independence era. Besides, most of the Shiite representatives served their personal affairs because they were feudalists. Thus, the Shiite suffered severe situations; they did not gettheir full political, economic, cultural rights and services. Accordingly, we suppose that Shia's rights have lost because of their representatives did not strived to gain their rights on a high level.On the contrary, the Shiite sect come to view noticeably through political crises in Lebanon, namely in 1943 when Shia led demonstrations reinforced by armed figures in their towns. First, they fought the French forces in the south, Hermel and Baalbek. Second,they demonstrated against the president, Bechara El Khoury, in1952.These demonstrations were large and covered most of Shiite towns. Their demand was to substitute the president by another one. Their efforts ended with nominating Camille Chamoun as the new presidentfrom 1952 - 1958. This event entered Shia a new era.

القوانين والتشريعات المنظمة للعمل الحزبي في العراق (1922 - 1968) == Laws and legislation governing party work in Iraq (1922 - 1968

Author name: مرتضى حسن ناصر السرياوي

Supervisor name: علي خيري مطرود

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: The political parties of the fundamentals of democracy and parliamentary systems in the modern political world, and the most important collective means by which democracy can be achieved Ademocratic system is not established without its existence, and the parties, including the communities of political status were studied on more than one level, but the most studies have focused on the nature of the political activity and positions of government work positively and negatively, and omitted the study of laws and legislation that organized the function throughout the duration of the (1922 - 1968), and the mechanism of formation or resolved and the nature of the laws that govern its relationship with the government, the means or the constitutional and legislative interpretations that were adopted the government, in many cases to settle scores with those parties. the division of the study, based as required by the nature of the research and development of the historical and legislative events and chronology in to the introduction, four chapters and a conclusion, if the first chapter titled, "features of the party life in Iraq (1908 - 1921)",The second chapter, "the laws governing the work of the party in Iraq from 1922 until 1945 and ." the third Chapter III" legislation and laws after the re - partisan life in Iraq from 1946 to 1958", The fourth chapter, entitled" laws and legislation governing the work of the party in Iraq from the beginning of the republican era until 1968". The study proved that the Iraqi legislature since the beginning of the founding of the Iraqi state to the end of the monarchy has not been paid great attention to the organization of political parties. most of the laws that organized these parties are not serious in their organization because they contain some of the shortcomings and deficiencies, which made the establishment of political parties and an end be always a decision taken by the ruld authorities The revolution of 14July 1958 made many political, economic and social changes, also it received wide support from the political forces and parties that had been demanded constantly reforming the political situation in the monarchy, but quickly Therevolution had found itself in front of the absence of the legislative institution. it can restore the reasons for this that political republican era most of the brass who were not believers democratic style approach in the practice of the government, in spite of the revolutionary government in the legislation of the Associations Law No. 1 of 1960, which counted the best of all laws passed in the covenants earlier, but despite the issuance of this law and its advantages political parties, remained hostage, the ruling and influential state authorities throughout the republican era, however, once the Prime Minister and President of the Republic again

Author name: محمد صالح سعيد الهاشمي

Supervisor name: محمد حسين السويطي | ناصر والي الركابي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Author name: اريج غني جاسم

Supervisor name: اسراء مهدي مزبان

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Author name: عباس محيسن حريجة اللامـــي

Supervisor name: عطا سلمان جاسم

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: Wasit University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Wasit

First pages:

Abstract: يعد موضوع الاطروحة الموسوم بــ ((تطور منهج الكتابة التاريخية لكتب المقتل الحسيني )) من اهم الموضوعات التاريخية بل حتـــــى العقائديــــــــة التي تستحق الدراسة والتحليل والتحقيق ، علــــــــى طول الفتــــــــــــــــرة الزمنيه ، لســـــــبب واخر حتى انها ارتبطت ارتباطا وثيقا ومـــــؤثرا لدفــع عجلة النشاط الديني والثقافي والسياسي عند المسلمين عامة واتباع مــذهب اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) خاصة ، وقــــــــــد احيط هذا الموضــــوع (المقتل) وعلـــــى مـــــر الحقـــب التاريخية ببعض الشكوك والغمــوض والملابسات من قبــــل بـــــــعض المؤرخين خصوصا وان لهؤلاء توجهات وميول مذهبية وسياسية مختلفة من المؤكد انها تؤثر على كتاباتهم التاريخية عن المقتل وتحرفها عن مسارها الحقيقي . وقد حاولت هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على العديد من الروايات والاخبار التي لا تتلاءم مع منهج النهضة الحسينية والمرتكزات التي سارت عليها ، فضلا عن مخالفتها للحقائق التاريخية والمنطق العقلي . كما خرجت الاطروحة ببعض النتائج المهمة والمفيدة والتي منها1ــ كشفت عن انتساب بعض كتب المقاتل الى مؤلفين لم يكونوا قد صنفوها او الفوها ، كمقتل الامام الحسين (عليه السلام) المنسوب لابي مخنف ، ونور العين في مشهد الحسين (عليه السلام) المنسوب للاسفراييني ، وقد اثبت ذلك بالادلة والقرائن العلمية والتاريخية .2ــ كما ان موضوع هذه الاطروحة بين ان كتب المقاتل لها منهج ومحور خاص كبقية الاختصاصات والتقسيمات من قبيل كتب الطبقات والتراجم وكتب التاريخ المحلي وغيرها .3ــ سلطت هذه الدراسة الاضواء عن العديد من اسماء كتب المقاتل الحسينية المفقودة ، وبحثت عن مروياتها المتناثرة في بطون المصنفات التاريخية ، وجمعتها بعد مناقشة رواياتها التي تتطلب التحقيق التحليل .4 ــ اتضح لنا ومن خلال استعراض مؤلفي كتب المقاتل الحسينية المفقودة او التي وصلت الينا ، انها لم تقتصر على مؤلفي الشيعة الامامية فقط ، بل شملت مجمل مؤلفي المذاهب والطوائف الاسلامية.5 ــ لا يوجد قرن من القرون ــ بحدود المدة الزمنية للاطروحة اي حتى القرن السابع الهجري ــ الا والف المؤرخون كتابا عن المقتل الحسيني وهذا يدل على عدم توقف عجلة التاليف والابداع والتصنيف في حادثة المقتل الحسيني وانها تسري في وجدان المجتمع وتتفاعل معه .6 ــ اختلفت احجام كتب المقاتل وذلك يعود لثقافة وعصر المؤلف وطبيعة الضرف الذي دفعه للتاليف ، فهناك الصغيرة كالتسمية فيمن قتل مع الامام الحسين (عليه السلام) لفضيل الرسان ، وهناك المتوسطة الحجم كاللهوف لابن طاووس ومثير الاحزان لابن نما ، وهناك الكبيرة كمقتل الخوارزمي الذي يقع في جزئيين .7ــ لكل مؤرخ من مؤلفي كتب المقاتل منهجا واسلوبا خاصا في مصنفه في عرضه للمادة التاريخية الخاصة بالمقتل وحيثياته ومقدماته .8 ــ مناقشة وتحليل العديد من الروايات والاخبار والتي منها حادثة الدليليين الذين استاجرهما مسلم بن عقيل ليدلاه الطريق الى الكوفة ، وحادثة تجسس معقل وكشف مكان مسلم بن عقيل ، وخبر ضرب ثنايا الامام الحسين (عليه السلام) في مجلس يزيد بن معاوية وغيرها .9 ــ اشارت الدراسة بالقرائن والادلة التاريخية الى وجود العديد من العناصر الغير كوفية التي اشتركت في حرب الامام الحسين (عليه السلام) ، والتي منها شامية ويمنية ومصرية وحجازية ، ولم تكن الكوفة وحدها من شنت الحرب وقاتلة الامام (عليه السلام) ، وانما الاعلام الاموي والعباسي هو من بث فكرة ان الكوفة هي من قتلت الامام الحسين (عليه السلام) واهل بيته الاطهار (عليهم السلام) وان شيعته من قتلته (عليه السلام) | Thesis topic is marked by longer b ((evolution of historical writing books fighter Hosseinieh approach)) of the most important historical themes and even ideological worthy of study, analysis and investigation, the length of time, for some reason, and another until it been closely associated and influential to advance religious, cultural and political activity at Muslims in general and to follow the doctrine of Ahl al - Bayt (peace be upon them), especially, has been the subject contoured (kill off) and over historical periods with some doubts and uncertainty and circumstances by some historians, especially that of those trends and tendencies of sectarian and political different it's certainly affect the historical writings about kill off and detoured from the real track. This study has attempted to shed light on many of the novels and news that does not fit in with the Renaissance approach Husseinia and foundations that goes by, as well as violating the mental and historical logic of the facts.Thesis emerged as some important and useful results and which onesrevealed the enrollment of some books fighter to authors who were not even classified them or Alfoha, Kmguetl Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) attributed to Abe Mkhanv, and Noor Al - Hussein scene (peace be upon him) attributed to Asefraina, has proved that the evidence of scientific and historical evidence.as the subject of this thesis between the fighter wrote her approach and the focus of the rest of the terms of reference and special divisions such as classes and wrote biographies and books of local history and others.This study shed lights on many of the names of the missing Husseini wrote fighter, and searched for Marwiyaat scattered in the wombs of historical works, and collected after discussing the novels that require investigation analysis.It became clear to us during the review authors wrote fighter, Husseini lost or which has reached us, it's not limited to only the authors of the Shiite front, but the authors included the entire Islamic sects and denominations.No - century of the centuries up to the length of time of the thesis is, until the seventh century, but the thousand historians book about kill off Husseini and this indicates a lack of stop wheel authoring, creativity and classification in the incident kill off Husseini and it applies in the conscience of the community and interact with him.different sizes wrote fighter and this is due to the culture and the era of the author and the nature of exchange paid by the author, there is a small Kaltzmah the one who was killed along with Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) to Fadhil Alrsan, there are medium - sized Kallahov to the son of a peacock and sexy grief for the son grew, and there are large Kmguetl Khwarizmi which is located in two parts.for each of the authors wrote historian fighter approach, a style in his work, in his presentation of historical material and Palmguetl own merits and premise.discussion and analysis of many of the novels and the news and which ones incident Aldlelien who Astojarhama Muslim bin Aqeel to Edlah the road to Kufa, spy incident stronghold revealed place Muslim bin Aqeel, and the news hit the folds of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) in the House of Yazid and others.The study presumptions and historical evidence to the existence of many non - muffler elements that participated in the Imam Hussein war (peace be upon him), and which ones mays and a Yemeni, Egyptian, Hijazi, was not Kufa alone launched the war and deadly Imam (peace be upon him), but the media Umayyad and Abbasid It is broadcast from the idea that is of Kufa killed Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and his family pure (peace be upon them) and that of his followers killed him (peace be upon him