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تاثير مستخلص بذورالحبة السوداء في امراضية طفيلي المتورقة العملاقة Fasciola gigantica خارج وداخل الجسم الحي == Efficiency of Nigella Sativa Seed Extract In Fasciola Gigantica Parasite In Vivo And In Vitro

Author name: شيماء عبد الحسين محمد شلاش
Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية خلال المدة من شهر تشرين الثاني 2012 ولغاية تشرين الاول 2013لتقييم فعالية المستخلص الكحولي لبذورالحبة السوداء Nigella sativaفي حيوية بيض وبالغات دودة الكبد العملاقة Fasciola gigantica خارج وداخل الجسم الحي. وبواقع ثلاث تراكيـز 20%, 4 | The present study was conducted during the period from November 2012 till October 2013 to evaluate the effectiveness of the alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds on the vitality of eggs and adults liver giant worm Fasciola gigantica In vitro and In vivo in the infected domestic rabbits lepus lepus arabica. Alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds used In vitro at three concentrations 20%, 40%, 60% for each eggs and adults of Fasciola gigantica and In vivo were three doses 200, 400, 600 mg/kg from body weight in the infected rabbits by this parasite. The result of the current study In vitro revealed that the alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds at 60% has been great effects in reducing the percentage of the eggs hatching to 0% and increasing the mortality percentage of the adult worms to 100% when compared with the control groups. So the results of this study showed that there is not significant differences of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds on the blood components of the healthy rabbits at level P<0.05 while in the infected and treated rabbits there are less significant effect when compared with the infected rabbits. In the infected rabbits showed significant increased in numbers of white blood cells from 5.52*109/L in the negative control to 10.41*109/L in the positive control and significant decreased in numbers of red blood cell from 5.51*1012/L to 4.41*1012/L and haematocrit value from 32.21% to (24.71%) and the amount of hemoglobin from 11.43*gm/dl to 8.53* gm/dl.While the ethanol extract of Nigella sativa seeds reduced the number of WBCs and increased the number of RBCs, PCV and the concentration of hemoglobin. Also the results of the current study In vivo showed that the ability of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds at dose 600 mg/kg are more effective in reducing the numbers of Fasciola gigantica worms in the infected and treated rabbits when compared with the infected and untreated rabbits. So the total rate number of worms in the positive control 16.7 while 6.4, 2, 0 for doses 200, 400, 600 mg/kg from body weight respectively. Results of histological study in the experimental infected rabbits revealed that the alcoholic extract is very effective for reducing the histopathological changes in the liver, spleen and kidney which caused by the parasite. And the therapeutic efficiency of these extract in dose 600 mg/kg for organs Liver, Spleen, Kidney are 100%. Concluded from the results of this study that the alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds used in treatment the infection of the F.gigantica worm because its therapeutic efficiency and not any side effects to this extract.

تاثير الانزيمين الكلوكواميليز والكلوكوز اوكسيديز في تثبيط بكتريا Streptococcus mutans المسببة لتسوس الاسنان == The Effect of Glucoamylase And Glucose Oxidase On Inhibition of Streptococcus Mutans Causes The Dental Caries

Author name: بيداء عبود حسن الجنابي
Supervisor name: زهرة محسن علي | محمد عبد الله جبر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة استخلاص الكلوكواميليز والكلوكوز اوكسيديز من الفطرين Aspergillus niger وPenicillum notatum على التوالي وتنقية وتوصيف الانزيمين لغرض زيادة تركيز بيروكسيد الهيدروجين المحفز لانزيم اللاكتوبيروكسيد الموجود باللعاب على تكوين ايونات الهايبوثايوسيان | This study aims at producing glucoamylase and glucose oxidase from the Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum respectively , purifying and characterizing the enzymes to increase H2O2 concentration which induce lactoperoxidase in saliva to the formation of hypothiocyanite ion to inhibite Streptococcus mutans which causes the dental caries. For glucoamylase and glucose oxidase production, the results shown the the highest enzymes production were occurred using the synthetic medium, it gave high titer of glucoamylase and glucose oxidase activity (0.212, 0.605 U/ml) respectively, the optimum incubation period for glucoamylase was occurred after 96 h (0.125 U/ml), while the maximum activity of glucose oxidase was occurred after 72 h (0.662 U/ml), the optimum temperature for enzymes production was occurred in 30°C, (0.257, 0.690 U/ml) respectively, the maximum production of glucoamylase and glucose oxidase were occurred in the pH = 6 (0.174, 0.391 U/ml) respectively, the optimum nitrogen source for enzymes production was yeast extract and potassium nitrate (0.157, 0.571 U/ml) respectively, the optimum carbon source for glucoamylase and glucose oxidase production was starch and glucose (0.167, 0.459 U/ml) respectively. For glucoamylase and glucose oxidase purification, the results found the ammonium sulfate (80 %) was selected as the best ratio for precipitate of glucoamylase , the specific activity reached to (3.626 U/mg) , with a purification fold (1.241) and yield (0.38) % , while the (60 %) was selected as the best ratio for precipitate of glucose oxidase, the specific activity reached to (10.304 U/mg) , with a purification fold (1.219) and yield (0.34) % , two peaks of glucoamylase were appeared in the gel filtration the specific activity of the first form (4.195 U/mg) with purification fold (1.436), while the second (31.214 U/mg) with purification fold (10.689), while one peak of glucose oxidase was appeared in the gel filtration, the specific activity was reached (62.382 U/mg) with purification fold (7.385). For characterization of enzymes, the results reported the highest activity of glucoamylase (Aand B) occurred in pH = 8, 6.5 (0.253U/ml, 0.511 U/ml) respectively , while the maximum activity of glucose oxidase (1.289 U/ml) in pH = 5.5, the optimum temperature of glucoamylase (Aand B) activity (0.243U/ml, 0.703 U/ml) in 40, 30 °C respectively , while the optimum temperature of glucose oxidase activity (1.424 U/ml) in 45 °C, the optimum pH for glucoamylase (B) stability ranging between (5.5 - 6.5), while the optimum pH for glucose oxidase stability ranging between (5 - 6) , the optimum temperature for glucoamylase (B) stability ranging between (10 - 35) °C for 30 min, while the optimum temperature for glucose oxidase stability ranging between (25 - 35) °C for 15min, the molecular weights of glucoamylase (Aand B) approximately 52 & 66 kDa respectively using the electrophoresis technique, while approximately 68 kDa for glucoamylase (B) using the gel filtration technique, the molecular weight of glucose oxidase approximately 78 and 87 kDa electrophoresis electrophoresis and gel filtration respectively, the values of Km and Vmax of glucoamylase and glucose oxidase were (2.4 mM , 9.6 mM/min and 19.6 mM, 7.5 mM/min) respectively. The result of this study showed the Streptococcus mutans growth was killed in the using the first and the second concentration of glucoamylase and glucose oxidase (0.09, 0.009 and 0.3, 0.03 µl) respectively , while the growth was appered in third concentration of enzymes (0.0009, 0.003 µl) respectively. The NaF, ZnF2 , C 12H 7 Cl 3 FNaO2 , NaCl , NaHCO3 and KSCN with (0.5 and 1M ) leads to increase the enzymes activity , while Na3PO4 , SrCl2 , Fe2O3 and Ca(HCO3) 2 caused decreased the activity of enzymes when treated with (0.5 and1 M) from these solutions, the glucoamylase activity also decreased when it treated with (0.5 and 1M) from KNO3 solution but this solution increased the activity of glucose oxidase when it treated with (0.5 and 1 M) from this solution

تاثير الري بالماء المعالج مغناطيسيا في نمو وحاصل الحنطة Triticum aestivum L == Effect of Irrigation With Magnetic Treated Water On Growth And Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Author name: فاضل كاظم كريم الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: ثامر خضير مرزة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت التجربة في حقل تابع للمعهد الفني - الكوفة شمال غرب محافظة النجف لموسم النمو (2012 - 2013) بهدف معرفة تاثير نوعية مياه الري وشدة معالجتها مغناطيسيا لثلاثة اصناف من حنطة الخبز Triticum aestivum L. في مؤشرات النمو الخضري والزهري والكيميائي والانتاجي.ص | An experiment was conducted in a field belonging to the Technical Institute - Kufa north west of Najaf governorate during the season of the year (2012 - 2013) to determine the effect of irrigation water quality and intensity of magnetically treated to three cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on vegetative growth, flowering, chemical and productive indicators.The experiment was designed randomized complete blocks (RCBD) arrangement Split split - plots and three replicatesfor each treatment. Experiment included study three factors is the quality of irrigation water (river water or well water) - Main plot, wheat bread varieties (IPAA - 99, Rashid and Tamuze - 2) - Sub - plot and magnetic treatment to irrigation water four intensities is (0, 750, 1500 and 3000) Gauss - Sub - sub - plot. The Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) at 0.05 probability was used to compare treatment means, whenever treatments affects were evident.Results showed : 1 - Wheat plants irrigated with river water were superior in all parameters in forms of plant height, leaves number, leaf area, tillers number; productive and non - productive, root length, lateral root length of the plant, leaves content from total chlorophyll, dry weights for plant vegetative, phosphorus% in grains, grains weight of spike, spike number of plant and m2, weight of 1000 grain, plant yield of grains, m2 yield of grains, hectare yield of grains per hectare compare to plants irrigated with well water, which recorded the highest chemical content of grains from nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, protein and carbohydrates percentages. The percentage of flowering, spikes length, spikes grains number were superior in the beginning with the well water, were superior at the end with river water.2 - Magnetic treatment with irrigation water by 1500 gauss revealed that noticeable superior was obtained in most of plants vegetative and floral characteristics, while the chemical characteristics had increased with magnetic water treatment by 3000 gauss and yield characteristics treated with 750 gauss. The effect of magnetic water treatment on leaves content from total chlorophyll and magnesium percentage in grains was negative.3 - The majority of vegetative, chemical and productivity parameters was increased with Rashid plants cultivar compared to same parameters for Tamuze - 2 plants cultivar which superior than IPAA - 99 plants cultivar except number of leaves, tillers number and spike grains number which superior with IPAA - 99 plants cultivar.4 - The triple interaction between experiment all factors revealed a significant effect on magnetized river water at 1500 gauss in Rashid and Tamuz - 2 plants cultivars giving highest vegetative growth indicators average which increased on plant yield with low magnetic water treatment (750 gauss) to Rashid plants cultivars and medium strongly (1500 gauss) for Tamuz - 2 plants cultivars, while the characteristics of grains chemical content were superior with same plants cultivars but magnetized treatment well water at 3000 gauss.

تقييم بعض الدلائل الحيوية وصورة الدهون وعلاقتها مع مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني == Assessment of Some Biomarkers And Lipid Profile In Relation With Diabetic Patients Type 2

Author name: عذراء باقر حسن الشيباوي
Supervisor name: ارشد نوري غني الدجيلي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: لازال البحث مستمرعن ايجاد متغيرات جديدة قد تساعد في تشخيص ومتابعة مرض السكر وهو من المجالات المهمة في ميادين البحث العلمي حيث ركزت بعض الدراسات على حالة الانسولين بينمراكزت بحوث اخرى على صورة الدهون والشدة التاكسدية كاسباب للسكري. اجريت هذه الدراسة لمرض | The search of a new parameters for monitoring and even prediction of diabetes mellitus (DM) are still an important issue in many research fields. Some studies focused on the role of insulin status, while others concentrated on lipid disturbances or even oxidative stress disorders in the diabetes. This study was conducted on randomly selected 68 type 2 diabetic patients (27 Males and 41 Females) attending the diabetes mellitus center in Al - Sadder Teaching Hospital in Al - Najaf province, Iraq and a group of 20 apparently healthy subjects (10 Males and 10 Females) were included as a control group. The study was carried out from February 2013 to July 2013. The age of patients and control groups were range of 35 - 65years. The concentration of fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, HDL, Apelin, Omentin, Vaspin, Visfatin and BMI were estimated in patients and control groups. The results show significant increase (P?0.05) in fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels in patients compared with control groups, also the results show significant decrease (P?0.05) in HDL and Omentin level in patients compared with control groups. The results revealed that all biomarkers (Apelin, Omentin, Vaspin and Visfatin) not significant difference (P>0.05) in patients at different ages. The results also revealed that biomarkers (Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin) levels increase significantly (P?0.05) in males than females in both patients and control groups, while the result of omentin level reveal no significant difference (P>0.05) between males and females in both patients and control groups. The results also revealed that significant increase (P?0.05) in BMI in patients compared with control groups. The results also show that biomarkers (Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin) concentration increase significantly (P?0.05) with increasing BMI in males than females compared with control groups, while the result of omentin concentration show no significant difference (P>0.05) in patients and control groups and show lower significantly increase (P?0.05) in females than males compared with control groups. The results have been shown significant positive correlation (P?0.05) between biomarkers (Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin) and FBG, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL in patients (males and females), while the results have been shown significant negative correlation (P?0.05) between biomarkers (Apelin, Vaspin and Visfatin) and HDL in patients (males and females). The results also have been shown significant negative correlation (P?0.05) between omentin and FBG, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL in patients (males and females), while the results have been shown significant positive correlation (P?0.05) between omentin and HDL in patients (males and females). The results also have been shown no significant correlation (P>0.05) between Vaspin and FBG in patients (males and females). The present study concluded that Apelin, Omentin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels maybe that could be adopted as markers for detection and diagnosis of diabetic patients type 2.

تقييم قابلية بعض انزيمات السليليز الفطري على تخمير تخمير بقايا النباتات لانتاج الايثانول == Evaluation of Capability of Some Fungal Cellulase In Fermentation of Plant Residues For Ethanol Production

Author name: عذراء حرجان محسن الدحيدحاوي
Supervisor name: فاطمة عبد الحسين التميمي | محسن هاشم رسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم قابلية بعض انزيمات السليليز الفطري على تخمير بقايا النباتات على انتاج الايثانول من بعض الفطريات المحلية المعزولة من 50 نموذج من التربة والذي تضمن Aspergillus oryzae , A. niger, A. terreus , A.flavus , A.fumigatus, A.parasiti | The present study was conducted to proceed a Bioethanol production using some of the waste fermentation plant by cellulosic hydrolysis enzyme produced by some local fungi isolated from 50 samples from soil which were including Aspergillus oryzae, A.niger, A.terreus , A.flavus , A.fumigatus, A.parasiticus, A.nidulans, Penicilliuum chrysogenum, Trichoderma longi, Rhizopus stolonifer, Cladosporium spp, Mucor indicus, Trichothecium spp. The prominent isolates were A. oryzae, A.niger, A. terreus which were chosen for further studies and screening to producing cellulase enzymes the fungal isolates revealed variation values of clear zone It’s (5.1, 5, 5, 4.8) cm to A. oryzae, A.niger, A. terreus , A.flavus respectively. The results revealed that the suitable carbon source to the cellulase activity was induced in different raw plant substrate, the highest was produced when using Corn cobs, Rice husk and Reed reached to (1.72, 2, 1.26)IU/ ml respectively when using A. oryzae and (1.24, 1.17, 1.89) IU/ ml when using A.niger, and (1.31, 1.19, 1.93)IU/ ml when using A. terreus. but using the cellulose powder and CMC, Avical sole carbon source total cellulase given least activity compare with raw plant substrate.on the other hand, using Mandels - Weber medium activity of enzyme production by A. oryzae, A.niger, A. terreus recorded (6.51, 4.14, 5.61) U/ ml respectively when using Corn cobs and (5.79, 4.03, 5.24) U/ ml and (5.55, 3.97, 5.19) U/ ml when using Rice husk and Reed by different fungi. The results refers that , the best chemical pretreatment results were appear when using NaOH at 100Co in 30min on Corn cobs, the total cellulase activity were (1.63, 1, 1.21) U / ml when using fungal isolated to degradation after treatment, while using hot water at100Co without NaOH in 15 min to pretreatment Rice husk activity were (2.16, 2.07, 2.12) U / ml but Reed are appear high activity when pretreatment with NaOH at 100C0 in 15min activity It’s (2.28, 1.65, 2.09) U / ml. The results revealed that, The optimized conditions of the enzymes were different in this study that give activities of Fpase, CMCase and ? - glucosidases to fungus A. oryzae compared to the rest of the fungi using Corn cobs as carbon source, it reached to(2.21, 2.30, 46.72) IU / ml respectively when pH6, and temperature tested for these enzymes recorded (1.64, 1.61, 30.86) IU\ ml respectively at a temperature of 30 C° and when using the concentration of substrate gave activity (2.4o, 2.48, 42.34) IU / ml of 6 % from Corn cobs and recorded when using nitrogen source concentration at 6 % (1.92, 1.89) IU\ ml in KNO3 and (NH4)2SO4 to Fpase and CMCase and the effectiveness of ? - glucosidase at the same nitrogen source (43.54, 50) IU / ml. on the other hand, showed enzymes Fpase, CMCase and ? - glucosidase high activities to ? - glucosidase, CMCase to fungus A. oryzae compared to the rest of the fungi using Reed as carbon source reached (2.31, 2.21, 46.15) IU/ml respectively at pH 6, and at different temperatures were (1.66, 30.94) IU/ml to Fpase and ? - glucosidase at 30 C°, but CMCase gave the highest efficacy (1.60) IU \ml at 25 C° and decreased effectiveness to (2.60, 2.57, 49.69) IU / ml at 6 % of the carbon source recorded effectiveness of the enzyme Fpase (1.19, 1.09) IU / ml when using (NH4)2PO4 and (NH4)2SO4 at 6 % as a nitrogen source of from either enzymatically CMCase and ? - glucosidase was effective at same nitrogen source (1.29, 2) and (35.19, 40.41) IU / ml respectively.The results showed when you use a Rice husk recorded higher effective enzymatic Fpase and CMCase and ? - glucosidases of fungus A. oryzae was (2.32, 39.27) IU /ml for Fpase and ? - glucosidases at pH 6 but CMCase gave the highest efficacy at 5 pH as recorded (2.04) IU / ml at temperatures 30 C°, reached to (1.64, 1.58, 29.13) IU / ml respectively for Fpase and CMCase and ? - glucosidases at a temperature of 30 C°, and when using 6% of the substrate was effective (2.47, 2.19, 44.86) IU / ml, activity recorded when using (NH4)2PO4 and (NH4)2SO4 at 6 % as a nitrogen source of (1.1) IU / ml to FPase on either enzymatically CMCase and ? - glucosidase was effective when use same a nitrogen source (1.18, 1.83) and (31.92, 36.91) IU/ml, respectively. In addition, The results refers when precipitation by ammonium sulfate specific activity were (38.69, 1.25, 5767.5) IU of the enzyme with 0.012 mg protein and then, Elution protein of crude enzyme solution of A.oryzae from DEAE - cellulose column was shown to the protein was separated in (33) fractions.It was found that only the fractions (F - 8) contained cellulase activity, while fraction (F - 30) eluted in column containing buffer and different concentrations of NaCl then using gel filtration and gave three peak of enzymes alone and Characterize enzymes purified FPase activity was found at 5.5 pH which (0.91) U and temperature was having activity at 25 and 30 C°, were (0.14, 0.15) U and CMCase found that the enzyme exhibited maximum activity at 25 C° was (0.33) U but 30 C° for ? - glucosidase was (38.22) U and the molecular weight of the protein was found to be about (38, 52 and 49) kD for (FPase, CMCase, ? - glucosidase) respectively. Finally, estimated ethanol density (0.80 - 0.91) g /ml and ethanol concentration (60 - 97) % but using chromic acid test of purified ethanol the complex enzyme with Reed, complex enzyme with Corn cobs recoded high value of ethanol which were (0.98, 1.72, 1.87, 1.89 ) % and (1.09, 1.83, 1.92, 1.99) % respectively but complex enzyme with Rice husk were given (1.01, 1.12, 1.48, 1.79) % in 4, 5, 6, and 7 days respectively on the other hand, when using the A.oryzae and A.terreus with Reed gave high ethanol value from other fungi with substrate in this study, and observed Rice husk in all results was recorded less absorbance at 350 nm and determination of ethanol concentration by gas chromatography mass used ethanol concentration 99 % as standard, also we showed the ethanol when using enzyme pure with substrate in which were (93.7, 97.1, 88) % ethanol to enzyme with Corn cobs and Reed and Rice husk respectively

دراسة مناعية ووراثية تتبعية لمرضى العقم من الرجال == A Prospective Immunological And Genetic Study of Infertile Men

Author name: علي عبد الزهرة مهدي الفحام
Supervisor name: يحيى كاظم السلطاني | عبد الزهرة كاظم محمد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: ان من الحقائق العلمية الثابتة اليوم ان الفحص الروتيني للسائل المنوي يعد عاملا تنبؤيا اجماليا للقدرة الاخصابية للرجال، ولذلك فان حاجة متزايدة بدات تبرز لاكتشاف فحوصات وظيفية جديدة في عملية تقييم العقم عند الرجال. ان الهدف الاساس من هذه الدراسة هو تعزيز الج | It is a scientific fact today that routine seminal fluid analysis is a key predictor of male reproductive potentiality ; so that there is an increasing need for finding out other functional tests in the assessment of male infertility. The main goal of the current study is to consolidate the scientific and practical efforts concerned with male infertility assessment especially from immunological and genetic aspects. The study was carried out between January 2013 and December 2013 including one hundred (100) selected infertile men who attended the Fertility Center in al - Sadr Medical City in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf Governorate, the study also included twenty (20) healthy volunteer fertile men as a control. Serum and seminal antisperm antibodies (ASA) were determined by ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) technique ; sperm chromatin condensation was evaluated by aniline blue staining (AB) ; sperm DNA fragmentation (damage) was evaluated by toluidine blue staining (TB). The results showed that the incidence and concentration of serum and seminal plasma ASA in the infertile men were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in control fertile men. The incidence and concentration of serum and seminal ASA were also significantly (p<0.05) higher in normozoospermic infertile patients than that in control fertile men. There was a high significant negative correlation (p<0.01) between the concentration of serum and seminal plasma ASA in the infertile men and sperm motility and progressive motility, the concentration of serum and seminal ASA also showed a high significant positive correlation (p<0.01) with sperm agglutination, and a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with seminal WBC count. The results also revealed that there were no significant effects (p>0.05) for patients' age, infertility duration, ABO blood groups and smoking habits on the levels of ASA in the serum and seminal fluid, while higher significant increase (p<0.01) in serum and seminal ASA concentrations was observed in infertile patients with varicocele as compared with those without. The results have also revealed that the percentage of sperm with chromatin decondensation and DNA damage has shown a high significant (p<0.01) increase in infertile patients compared to fertile men. There was also a significant increase (p<0.05) in sperm DNA damage in normozoospermic infertile patients comparing with fertile men, but no significant difference (p>0.05) was found in sperm chromatin condensation between normozoospermic patients and fertile men. Both sperm chromatin decondensation and sperm DNA damage showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with sperm morphology, and a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) with sperm concentration, motility and progressive motility. The present study also revealed that the level of chromatin decondensation has been affected by patients' age, infertility duration, smoking habits and varicocele. It was observed that the higher percentage of chromatin decondensation was recorded in patients older than 37 years, and in patients subgroups with infertility duration more than 15 years, it was also higher in smoker as compared with non - smoker patients and in those with varicocele as compared with those without. Similarly, the level of sperm DNA damage has also been affected by patients' age, smoking habits and varicocele. It was observed that the highest percentage of sperm DNA damage was recorded in patients older than 37 years. The highest level of sperm DNA damage was also seen in smoker patients as compared with non - smokers and in those with varicocele as compared with those without. In contrast, the effect of infertility duration on sperm DNA damage was not statistically different (p>0.05). The correlation and regression results recorded high significant correlations (p<0.01) between serum ASA and seminal plasma ASA, and between sperm chromatin decondensation and sperm DNA damage. However, there was no significant correlation (p>0.05) between the level of serum and seminal ASA and each of sperm chromatin decondensation and sperm DNA damage. The current study concluded that the defects in sperm chromatin status (chromatin decondensation and DNA damage), and the immunological disorders caused by serum and seminal plasma ASA may - at least partially - contribute to the etiology of infertility of the patients under study, even in those with normal seminal parameters. However, it seems that ASA affect fertility in a pathway that is different from that affected by sperm chromatin defect. It was recommended that both sperm chromatin staining techniques and ASA tests could be routinely used as complementary tests to diagnose infertility.

تقييم وعزل فيروس الانفلونزا للانسان ودراسة الاستجابة المناعية في الجرذان التجريبية == Evaluation And Isolation of Human Influenza Virus And Studying Their Immune Response In Experimental Rats

Author name: فاديه مهدي مسلم العبيدي
Supervisor name: عبد المجيد عبد الله السعدي | يونس عبد الرضا الخفاجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: This study has been conducted for the first time in Najaf / Iraq, and the study included the preparation of a local inactivated vaccine (whole and subunit).The number of cases infected with seasonal influenza virus were 647 cases out of one thousand suspected case. They were distributed into eleven groups. Seasonal influenza virus was detected by two diagnostic methods (rapid test device and real time PCR).The present study has reflected that the most diagnosed cases infected with seasonal influenza virus during the period extended from March 26, 2012 up to April 30, 2013 represented by were type A (H3N2) (283) cases. Whereas H1N1 (148) cases, H3N2+H1N1, (56) cases, H1N1 + H3N2 + B were (30) cases and 130 cases were infected with type B.Current study also revealed that age group of 46 - 60 years old infected with seasonal influenza virus were (159) case including (368) male and females were (279) of different infected group..The spread of seasonal influenza virus in Najaf varies from one region to another depending on the population density. Clinical cases were collected randomly during the months of the year. It has been found that the spread of disease has something to do with temperature and humidity as high humidity and low temperature lead to increased spread of the disease because of their relationship at the stage of the spread of epidemic influenza that spread from Dec 26, 2012 and up to April 1, 2013 in addition to expatriates infected..Two techniques were used for isolation of seasonal influenza virus first inoculation of embryonated chicken egg and secondly chicken fibroblast cell culture.It was found that at the embryonated egg lethal dosage (ELD 50 / 0.5 ml) (109.6) whereas tissue culture infective dosage (TCID50 / 0.1 ml) was (109.3) of (H1N1+ H3N2) and type (B) virus..Virus was purified by two ways that are depending on the vaccine type. The gamma irradiation that dosage used for inactivating vaccine of the purified virus which was extracted from allantoic fluid and tissue culture was (5.702) mSv/h for subunit virus vaccine type whereas gamma irradiation dosage for complete (whole) virus vaccine was (8.816) mSv/h. The results proved that immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA and IgG) levels as well as (IL - 17, IL - 10 and INF - 1?) indicated significant differences among vaccinated, infected and control groups.Subunit and whole virus vaccine extracted from chicken fibroblast cell culture are considered the best of derived from virus propagated in embryonated chicken eggs.Subunit virus vaccine is better than the whole virus vaccine derived from virus propagated in embryonated chicken eggs and extracted from chicken fibroblast cell culture.The current study also reflected that locally prepared virus subunit vaccine and purified whole virus killed vaccine capable of inducing humoral and cellular immune response in experimentally vaccinated rats..Histopathological changes appeared clearly on tissue sections (lung, trachea, heart, liver, spleen, kidney) of the infected group as compared with control and the vaccinated groups.

دور الفيروس المضخم للخلايا CMV في مرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي ذاتي المناعة في حالات التهاب الكبد المزمن نمط B == The Role of CMV In Autoimmune Hepatitis Among Chronic Cases of Hbv

Author name: هـدى جميل باقر الخلخالي
Supervisor name: محمد عبود محسن | محمد عبد كاظم السعدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تشخيص التهاب الكبد الفايروسي نمط (ب) وتشخيص التهاب الكبد ذاتي المناعة في المرضى المصابين بالتهاب الكبد.ودور الاصابة بالفايروس المضخم للخلايا البشرية CMV في حث التهاب الكبد ذاتي المناعة.من مجموع 360 حالة مشبه بها جمعت من مستشفى ال | This study aimed to investigate the existence of hepatitis B virus and autoimmune hepatitis in hepatitis B patients as well as to detect the role of cytomegalovirus in the induction of AIH disease. A total of 360 suspected cases were collected from Center Health laboratory/Al - Hakeem Hospital, and AL - Sadder medical city in AL - Najaf city, during the period from January (2013) to August (2013). Only 76 were seropositive hepatitis B (55 males and 21 females with age ranging 11 - 72 years).In addition, 15 healthy individuals without any evidence of chronic inflammatory disease were depended on the control group, age ranging 21 - 50 years.Blood samples were collected from patients and healthy controls were tested for HBsAg and Anti - HBc Ab using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique to investigate hepatitis B seropositive and chronic hepatitis B respectively. For investigated AIH disease was performed depending on the Line Immune Assay technique. While for detection CMV were initially identified by serological technique (ELISA, MiniVIDAS) to detect anti - CMV IgM and anti - CMV IgG; then confirmed employment molecular technique using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the detection the presence of DNA of CMV. Samples were collected from patients and control to estimation immunological level (C3, C4, IL - 10 & TFN - ?) by using ELISA and radial immunodiffusion method.The results showed that 76 HBsAg seropositive in all age groups but the age group 44 - 54 year revealed high significance (p<0.05) than other age groups. While 35 out of 76 seropositive with HBc Ab, the age group 55 - 65 years showed high significance (p<0.05) than other age groups, and males more infection than females. The result also revealed that the AIH disease was 5 out of 76 patients infected with Type 1 AIH. Included 2(40%) have demonstrated the infection HBsAg positive with reactivation CMV While 3(60%) infected with HBsAg only.The results showed that 68 out of the 76 samples were positive for anti - CMV IgG antibodies, and 4(5.26%) samples were positive for anti - CMV IgM. While the MiniVIDAS test results showed 73 out of the 76 samples was positive for anti - CMV IgG antibodies. 2(2.6%) were positive for anti - CMV IgM antibodies. The results of the Real - Time PCR revealed that DNA of CMV were detected in 23 out of 76 patients were found in all age groups with viral loads ranging from (0.24 - 1730000) Copies/ml, and the results of controls group in Real - Time PCR were CMV negative. The results of cytokines (TNF - ?) showed a high significance (P<0.05) elevation in the serum of all patients than control (419.3 ± 27.8) pg/ml, and the results that AIH showed increase in cytokine level was (1218.2±44) pg/ml than other patients. Whereas chronic hepatitis B patients recorded high significance (P<0.05) in level (IL - 10) was (901.5±22.2) pg/ml than other patients and control (373 ±30.3) pg/ml. According to sex no - significance difference between males and females in results of cytokines profile (IL - 10, TNF?). Complement fraction C3 decreased in all patients compared to those healthy control, while the AIH patient recorded high significance (P<0.05) 142.2±8 mg/dI than the other patients. In regard to C4 was revealed normal level in all patients compared with control groups while in the AIH revealed high significance (P<0.05) was 41.7±5.1 mg/dI compared with other patients and no - significance difference (P<0.0) between males and females in level of C3and C4.The overall finding results showed that the activation cytomegalovirus with hepatitis B virus Contribute to the induction of AIH and cause immune suppressor for them by increase and decrease many immune factors.

التحري عن بعض المؤشرات المناعية وارتفاع نسبة وجود الفيروس HCMV في المرضى المصابين بالفشل الكلوي == Assessment of Some Immunological Markers And Viral Load For Hcmv In Patients With Renal Failure

Author name: احمد جاسم شوالة الخويلدي
Supervisor name: مهدي حسين محيل العمار | زياد متعب الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة على 150 مريضا الراقدين في مستشفى الصدرالتعليمي ومستشفى الحكيم (قسم الكلى) في محافظة النجف خلال الفترة الممتدة من كانون الاول 2012 الى شهر اب 2013. وكان الغرض من هذه الدراسة بيان علاقة الفيروس المضخم للخلايا بمرض الفشل الكلوي، تراوحت اعما | This study was carried out on 150 renal failure patients, who were admitted to the kidney department in AL - Sadder Medical City and Al - Hakeem hospital in AL - Najaf governorate during the period from December 2012 to August, 2013. Subjects of this study were Investigated for the role of Cytomegalovirus among them, their age ranged between (1 - 88) years. Twenty four (age - and sex - matched) healthy individuals without any evidence of chronic inflammatory disease depended as control. All patients and control divided in four age groups. Blood and urine samples were collected from patients and control for immunological (IgM, IgG, C3, C4, IL - 6, IL - 10, IL - 12 & IFN - ?) by using ELISA and molecular study by RT - PCR, respectively. The obtained results showed that HCMV - IgG antibody was 100% for all cases, while IgM was 18.66% compared with that of control. Real time - PCR amplification for presence of HCMV DNA in urine samples revealed that HCMV genome were detected in 22(14.66%) of the 150 urine samples in all age groups, that distributed into 12(21.05%) with viral load ranged (20 - 543840) Copy/ml in females and 10 (10.75%) with viral load ranged (40 - 28050) Copy/ml for males. The results of cytokines profile showed a highly significant(P<0.05) elevation in patients than control. According to sex females appeared higher IFN - ?, IL - 6, IL - 10 ( 83.86, 82.67, 9.06 pg/ml, respetively) than males were (76.57 , 79.36, 6.51 pg/ml, respectively). Where's IL - 12 were recorded higher elevation in male (28.83 pg/ml ) than females (27.35 pg/ml). According to age groups 41 - 60 age group showed high level in IFN - ?, IL - 6, IL - 10 were (96.45, 90.40, 9.62) pg/ml , respectively.While IL - 12 appeared high level (37.43 pg/ml ) in age group 1 - 20 years Complement fractions C3, C4 decreased in all groups of patients compared to those of a healthy control. C3 was recorded (64.37 mg/dl) in females, and (70.24 mg/dl) in males and decreased to (63.41 mg/dl) in age group (1 - 20) years, while C4 decreased significantly among sex it was (21.06 mg/dl) in females and(24.22 mg/dl) in males, and down to (21.65 mg/dl) in age group (21 - 40) years.The overall finding results showed that HCMV are more prevalence among chronic renal failure patients and cause immune suppressor for them by increase and decrease many immune factors.

دراسة جزيئية لعوامل ضراوة المكورات النعقودية السالبة لانزيم التجليط والمعزولة من اصابات مختلفة == Molecular Study of Virulence Factors of Some Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Different Infections

Author name: سعاد عبد الهادي عبد الرزاق الحلو
Supervisor name: عباس شاكر جواد المحنة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Enzymes
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The study aimed to investigating the role of coagulase - negative staphylococci in human infections, and determining the predominance genes of the virulence factors. Three hundred clinical specimens were collected from out and inpatients undergoing catheter related infections and twenty specimens were collected from healthy hospital staff as a control from January 2013 to July 2013 of Al - Zahraa Teaching Hospital, Al - Sader Teaching Hospital and Al - Hakeem Hospital in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf province. The specimens were included urine, blood, vaginal swabs, seminal fluid and wound swabs. The specimens were cultured on mannitol salt agar and the primary identification was depended on Gram stained and biochemical tests. Then finally identification with Vitek 2 system is done.One hundred isolates were identified as coagulase - negative staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus haemolyticus was identified as the most frequently isolated species in (53%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (26%) and Staphylococcus hominis were recorded in (21%). Most of CoNS isolates were highly resistance to penicillin G (benzylpenicillin), oxacillin, cefoxitin and erythromycin; and low resistance to rifampicin, levofloxacin and others. While, control isolates results showed moderate resistance to penicillin G and erythromycin; low - level of resistance to cefoxitin, oxacillin and other antibiotics.The investigation of virulence factors revealed that 93% of coagulase - negative staphylococci isolates were production of slime layer, DNase 58%, protease 29% and hemolysin 88%. But the results gave negative result for TNase and lipase enzymes.Monoplex and multiplex PCR were used to explore the MecA, aap, icaA, icaD, atlE, sea, seb, sec, sed, hla, hlb, sspA, sspB, geh, nuc genes. The results showed that all CoNS isolates (100%) had mecA and atlEgenes, but 98% of isolates had aap, 93% icaA and icaD genes. PCR revealed that only (14%) of isolates had genes for enterotoxins expression. (92.86%) and (7.14%), sea and seb respectively, in contrast, the sec and sed genes were not be recorded.The result showed that 47% of CoNS isolates had hla gene and 41% contain hlb gene, 29% were positive for the sspA gene whereas the sspB gene and geh and nuc2 genes not found in any of staphylococcal isolates. Finally, the result indicated that 58% of CoNS isolates were expressed the nuc1 gene.Plasmid curing was carried out in order to determine the origin of resistance and some virulence factor genes (chromosomal or plasmid - borne gene). The curing (elimination) of the plasmids of coagulase - negative staphylococci isolated was catalyzed using ethidium bromide in different concentration and high temperature (44?C). The results showed that the oxacillin resistant coagulase - negative staphylococci were plasmid mediated since 93% of the isolates showed negative result on oxacillin resistance screening agar, and absence of mecA gene from all isolates. Also, 41 of coagulase - negative staphylococci isolates that showed ? - hemolysin became non - hemolysin after manipulated with ethidium bromide.Finelly, taking into consideration the etiological importance of CoNS has often been neglected, the present investigation confirmed that these microorganisms should not be ignored or classified as mere contaminant.

تاثير معايير النطف ونضوج مادة الصبغين على نتائج عملية الحقن المجهري == Impact of Sperm Parameters And Sperm Chromatin Maturity On Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcome

Author name: هند عبد الكاظم
Supervisor name: يحيى كاظم السلطاني
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر العقم من المشاكل المتعلقة بصحة الانسان ويؤثرعلى سدس الازواج في عمر الانجاب تقريبا. يعد الذكر مسؤلا عن خمسين بالمئه من مجموع الحالات.الوظيفه الرئيسيه لتقنيات الانجاب المعان هي علاج العقم بما فيها حالات العقم الذكري وزيادة فرص الحمل من خلال التغلب عل | Infertility is a health concern affecting nearly 17% of young couples in their reproductive age. Male factor infertility accounts for 50% of all cases. The key responsibility of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is the management of male infertility by bypassing seminal fluid disorders. Defective Sperm parameters were responsible for deciding the fertility potential and related to pregnancy rate in vivo as well as in vitro.Today, the classic seminal fluid analysis is found to be of limited importance in describing a couple’s fertility status. There is now clinical evidence to show that damage to human sperm DNA may adversely affect reproductive outcomes and the spermatozoa of infertile men possess substantially more DNA damage than do spermatozoa of fertile men and there appears to be a threshold of sperm DNA damage beyond which embryo development and pregnancy are impaired.In view of that, the aims of the present study were : Evaluation of the influence of defective sperm parameters including concentration, morphology and motility on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome represented by fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality and pregnancy rate. Assessment of the sperm chromatin maturity in infertile men using acidic aniline blue stain and compare it with that of men with normal spermiogram. Discovering the relationship between sperm chromatin status and the semen parameters in infertile males. Finding the relationship between sperm chromatin status and ICSI outcome.This study included 60 infertile couples complaining from either primary or secondary infertility attended the clinics of infertility treatment center and underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection.They were classified according to their spermiogram to normozoospermic group (N), whose female partner had bilateral tubal block, oligoasthenoteratozoospermic group (OAT) and finally, asthenoteratozoospermic group (AT). The female partners of the last two groups had normal reproductive function according to gynecological examination and laboratory investigations. All female partners included in this study were less than 35 years old to minimize the influence of advanced maternal age on ICSI outcome. Seminal fluid analysis were done for all and aniline blue stain was used in this study to evaluate sperm chromatin integrity. The main results of this study showed that infertile couples with impaired sperm parameters show high percentage of positive aniline blue stain i.e., sperm chromatin maturity defect and it is significantly higher than that in couples with normal spermiogram. The best cut off point of positive chromatin percentage associated with pregnancy was 40% i.e., when sperm chromatin abnormality exceeds 40% as detected by aniline blue staining method; the pregnancy rate start to regress. No significant differences in fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality and pregnancy rate were found among studied groups.No significant difference in ICSI outcome including pregnancy rate between couples with high percentage of sperm chromatin damage ?30% and those with low percentage of sperm chromatin damage < 30% were found. So the main conclusions are : Defective sperm parameters and chromatin immaturity are significantly associated with each other.Forty percent is the threshold of sperm chromatin immaturity after which ICSI outcome deteriorate and depending 30% as a threshold in this study revealed no significant difference in ICSI outcome among studied groups. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection has corrective and therapeutic role for defective sperm parameters and shows a unique capability to treat the most difficult cases of male infertility.

دور تخطيط العضلات احادي الليف على مرضى اعتلال الاعصاب المحيطية السكري وعلاقته بمؤشرات الاكسدة == The Role of Single Fiber Electromyography In Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy And Its Relation To Oxidative Stress Parameters

Author name: زاهد محمد علي كاظم
Supervisor name: احسان محمد عبود عجينة
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : يعتبر اعتلال الاعصاب المحيطية السكري من اكثر مضاعفات داء السكري شيوعا التي تؤثر على الاوعية الدموية الدقيقة. سريريا يؤثر المرض اولا على الاطراف القصيه مؤديا الى فقدان الاحساس في تلك الاطراف على نمط الجورب والقفاز. يؤثر المرض على كل من الالياف ال | Background : diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Clinically, it affects the most distal extremities first resulting in a stock and glove pattern of sensory loss. It affects both small fibers (myelinated and un - myelinated) as well as the large myelinated nerve fibers. However, the earliest manifestations might be due to small fiber dysfunction. Hyperglycaemia and subsequent metabolic derangement is the main pathogenitic factor of DPN. However, oxidative stress, deficiency of neuroprotective factors and neurovascular insufficiency might play a role.AIMS : This study aims to : 1. Test the value of applying SFEMG in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 2. Determine the usefulness of SFEMG, compared to the standard NCS, in the early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 3. Evaluate the correlation of the antioxidant/oxidant status in patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Materials and methods : The study was conducted in the period from Nov. 2012 till Apr. 2014 and included 188 patients with type 2 DM that fall within age group of 45 - 65 years. Diabetics that suffer from clinical features of peripheral nerve dysfunction documented with abnormal electrophysiological findings were considered as patients with DPN (138 patients) and those who had no complaint of peripheral nerve dysfunction with normal electrophysiological study were considered as patients without DPN (50 patients). The study also included normal healthy persons who their age and gender matched that patients and considered as control subjects (50 persons). The patients and control enrolled in the study had undergone comprehensive assessment that included : clinical assessment (history and full examination), biochemical assessment (measurement of fasting blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin, total antioxidant capacity and advanced glycation end products) and electrophysiological assessment that included sensory and motor nerve conduction studies (NCS) with single fiber electromyography (SFEMG).Results : The study found that patients with DPN in comparison to patients without DPN and control subjects are older (p?0.05), had longer duration of DM (p?0.01), poorer glycemic control reflected by fasting blood sugar (p?0.01) and glycated haemoglobin (p?0.01), lower level of total antioxidant capacity (p?0.01) and higher advanced glycation end products level (p?0.01). Also, the study showed that the level of total antioxidant capacity and advanced glycation end products on one hand were correlated with the duration of the diabetes (p?0.01) and not correlated with glycated haemoglobin level on the other hand.The electrophysiological findings showed that patients with DPN had significant differences in NCS parameters when compared to patients without DPN and to control subjects in the form of axonal degeneration and demyelination with abnormal single fiber jitter and fiber density which were correlated with the duration of diabetes (p?0.01) but not correlated with glycemic control. Also the study demonstrated that SFEMG findings were correlated with NCS parameters (namely sural nerve) in patients with DPN. This study had concluded that the duration of diabetes, age, glycemic control and oxidative stress are important risk factors of DPN. Routine NCS is important mean for diagnosing DPN but it has limited sensitivity in the diagnosis of early stages of the disease and in assessing nerve degeneration and regeneration. Sensory nerves of lower limbs are helpful in discovering early stages of DPN when other tested nerves are normal. SFEMG examination in diabetic patients is important in showing the degree of re - innervation and nerve regeneration and in identification of subclinical nerve dysfunction.

دراسة العلاقة النسبية بين جريان الدم المخي - المشيمي والرحمي - المشيمي بالدوبلر للنساء الحوامل المصابات بداء السكري == A Study of Cerebro - Placental And Utero - Placental Ratio Doppler Velocimetry In Diabetic Pregnant Women

Author name: رياض وحيد العيساوي
Supervisor name: عقيل عبد المنعم حسن زوين
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر داء السكري المصاحب للحمل هو احد مضاعفات الحمل الاكثر شيوعا والتي ترتبط بمعدلات هامة من الاعتلال والوفاة ما حول الولادة , ان العلاج الفعال لداء السكري ما قبل الحمل ولداء السكر المصاحب للحمل قد تبين تحسين النتائج والحد من وفيات ما حول الولادة بالمقارن | Diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy is one of the most common antenatal complications that are associated with significant perinatal mortality and morbidity(Magee et al., 1993, Schmidt et al., 2001and Platt et al., 2002). Effective treatment of pre - existing as well as gestational diabetes mellitus was shown to improve outcome and reduce perinatal mortality, as compared to untreated patients (Lao TT, et al., 2001and Langer , et al., 2005). Doppler studies have conventionally been utilized for fetal surveillance. The use maternal uterine artery Doppler as a screening tool to predict subsequent development of pre - eclampsia and fetal growth restriction in later gestation have gained acceptance in recent years. Umbilical artery Doppler, middle cerebral artery Doppler have been widely used for the assessment of growth restricted fetuses. The role of Doppler study in diabetic pregnancies has not been unequivocally evaluated. An atherogenic factor, that promotes vascular endothelial growth, insulin - like growth factor - 1 has been implicated with micro vascular complication during pregnancy (Kathryn 2000). Presently, short - term beneficial metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin - like growth nfactor - 1 (rhIGF) - 1 therapy have been demonstrated in numerous diabetic conditions, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Until recently, insulin - like growth factor - 1, based upon its endothelial growth promotion, was considered a mediator of vascular disease( Bayes - genis et al., 2001a; 2001b). Conversely, increasing evidence indicate the protective mechanism of insulin - like growth factor - 1 against vascular derangements, relating to its ability of nitric oxide production (Okura et al., 2001). We sought to investigate the impact of insulin - like growth factor - 1 levels on maternal/fetal blood flow in diabetic non - hypertensive pregnant women; an avenue of research that has yet to be fully explored. Taken together, this information will materialize the intervention needed to prevent or at least ameliorate diabetes maternal and fetal outcomes. OBJECTIVES1 - To evaluate effect of diabetes mellitus on utero - and cerebro - placental Doppler velocimetry in pregnant women, such as resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), Systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D)2 - To find whether a meaningful correlation exists between the above mentioned parameters and the levels of HBA1c and maternal IGF - 1.3 - To predict the most sensitive parameter detecting complications of diabetes mellitus on fetal outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHOD In this prospective cohort study a total of 190 pregnant women with single viable fetus, cephalic presentation, were enrolled after having their verbal and written consent and approval of the ethical committee at Faculty of Medicine. They were divided into two Groups : group (Ia) women with gestational diabetes mellitus (n=70), group ( Ib ) women with pre - gestational diabetes mellitus (n=64) and the remaining (n=56) participants (group II) were free from diabetes and hypertension and served as a control group. The study performed at Al Ameer Diagnostic Center in Al Najaf, between March, 2013 and August, 2014.Examination of the participants done twice, in the second and third trimesters. In each time, history and clinical examinations performed with Doppler ultrasonography of the pregnant women including interrogations of bilateral maternal uterine arteries, fetal umbilical and middle cerebral arteries in addition to measurement of IGF - 1 and HbA1c concentrations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1 - IGF - 1 mean± SD in second trimester was 582.61± 183.7 ng/ml in group Ia, 429.5± 231.3 ng/ml in group 1b and 278.6 ± 60.8 ng/ml in the group II with significant difference among the groups (P=0.0001) In the third trimester the mean± SD was 653.69 ±197.6 ng/ml in group Ia, 487.5± 242.4 ng/ml in group Ib and 316.6 ± 60.9 ng/ml in group II with significant difference among the groups (P=0.0001).2 - HbA1c mean± SD in second trimester was 6.59± 0.89 % in group Ia, 6.42 ± 0.9% in group Ib and 5.35 ± 0.56 % in group II with significant difference between group Ia and group II, as well as between Ib and group II, but no significant difference between Ia and Ib groups.Third trimester HbA1c mean value was 6.29 ± 0.78 % in group Ia , in group Ib 6.27 ± 0.87 % and 5.08 ± 0.57% in group II.There was no significant difference between group Ia and Ib (P=0.843) , while there was a significant difference between group Ia and group II as well as between group Ib and group II(P=0.0001).3 - Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry was considered more sensitive predictor than other arteries in evaluation of fetal outcomes and its sensitivity in the total studied population (190) was 44.3%, in gestational diabetic pregnancy group was 58.3%, in pregestational diabetic pregnancy 34.3% and in control was 29.4%.4 - Multiple maternal and fetal arterial Doppler studies at same time yield high predictive values in evaluation of fetal outcomes with general sensitivity in the total studied population was 63.6%, specificity 79.4%79, PPV 72.2% and NPV 71.7%. In gestational diabetic pregnancy the sensitivity was 94.4%, specificity was 61.8%, PPV was 72.3%, NPV was 91.3%. In pregestational diabetic pregnancy sensitivity was 88.6%, specificity was 86.2 %, PPV was 88.6 %, NPV was 86.2%. In control healthy pregnancies the sensitivity was 70.6 %, specificity was 71.8%, PPV was 52.2%, NPV was 84.8 %.

توازن الحركيات الخلوية وعلاقة اليللات التطابق النسجي في كل من النوع الاول لمرضى السكري واشقائهم في دراسة مقارنة == Cytokine Balance (Th1/Th2) And Hla - Dr Association In Type I Diabetic Patients And Their Siblings In A Comparative Study A Thesis

Author name: محمد علي سلمان علیوي الكعبي
Supervisor name: كریم ثامر مشكور الكعبي | جعفر كاظم الموسوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: It has been proposed that the balance of Th1 and Th2 cells is critical in the development of Type 1 diabetes and much of the genetic susceptibility to IDDM maps to the MHC class II region, thus one approach to investigate the immunopathogenesis of diabetes is to study first degree relatives of affected individuals.A case - control study was performed on 120 persons, they divided into three group which are diabetic, siblings and control (40 persons in each group), who attended to Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital /Diabetic Center in Al Kut between the period from April; 2012 till April; 2013. OGTT performed on both diabetic siblings and control, results have showed that the means of OGTT is highly Significant (P value = 0.000) in both siblings and control groups, whereas there were no Significant differences in the Means of differences of OGTT in both tested groups (Siblings and Control), P value = 0.288, although the mean of differences of OGTT is higher in siblings group (25.3250) than that in control group (22.0750). Cytokines levels (IFN - gamma, IL - 2, IL - 4 and IL - 10) were determined among the study groups (type 1 diabetes, siblings and control) by ELISA method, results showed that the means of IFN - gamma and IL - 2 levels were highly Significant (P value = 0.012, 0.037 respectively) in type 1 diabetic group , in comparison to their corresponds among both siblings and control groups, whereas the mean of IL - 4 levels was non - significant (P value = 0.738) among the study groups (type 1 diabetes, siblings and control), in spite it was higher in control group (0.81936) than that in both type 1 diabetic patients and their sibling (0.74387, 0.77593 respectively).While in case of IL - 10 results showed that the mean was highly significant among control group (P value = 0.030) in comparison to its corresponds among both type 1 diabetic patient and their siblings. Distribution of HLA - DRB1 loci among the study groups (type 1 diabetic patients, siblings and control group) were performed using MR.SPOT ROBOTING system, results showed that the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {25 (69.4%)} among diabetic group were Significant in differences (P value = 0.002), in comparison to the corresponding frequencies among control group {11 (30.6%)}, in comparison to the frequencies of other HLA - DRB1 loci in both diabetic group and control group { 15 (34.1%), 29 (65.9%)} respectively.Meanwhile results showed that there were no Significant differences (P value = 0.116), in the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {25 (58.1%)} among diabetic group in comparison to the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {18 (41.9%)} among siblings group, in compare to the frequencies of other HLA - DRB1 loci among diabetic group and sibling group {15 (40.5%), 22 (59.5%)} respectively, also results have showed that there were no Significant (P value = 0.104), in the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {18 (62.1%)} among sibling group in compare to the frequencies of HLA - DRB1*3,*4 {11 (37.9%)} among control group, in compare to the frequencies of other HLA - DRB1 loci among sibling group and control group {22 (43.1%), 29 (56.9%)} respectively. In another part of this study we estimate the relation between means of HbA1c and their corresponding HLADRB1 Loci among the study groups, result have showed that there was a significant relation (P value = 0.010) between the Means of HbA1c and their corresponding HLA - DRB1*03 Locus among the study groups. In conclusion the higher Mean of differences of OGTT among Siblings group might reflect the potential of them to develop diabetes, also T1D is Th1 mediated disorder, while Th2 cytokines profile might play a protective role against the development of T1D,in addition the genetic predisposition of diabetic Siblings for development of diabetes since, both diabetic group and sibling group showing the highest frequencies of HLA - DRB1 *3,*4, in compare to Control group and finally HbA1c might have an inheriting pattern. In conclusion diabetic siblings more prone for development of diabetes in future.

تقييم حالة الحديد، فيتامين ج والهرمونات في انخفاض الخصوبة لدى النساء == Assessment of Iron Status, Vitamin C And Hormones In Subfertile Women

Author name: ميسم محمد حسين الكعبي
Supervisor name: سامي رحيم الكاتب
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: انخفاض الخصوبة مشكلة شائعة ولكن علاجها في بعض الاحيان غير كافي لعدم تشخيص الاسباب بالكامل. الحديد عنصر ناقل للاوكسجين ولذلك فهو محفز لحيوية كل الخلايا والانسجة في الجسم. نقص الحديد من اكثر مشاكل نقص الغذاء الشائعة في العالم. لذلك ربط الحديد مع الخصوبة يح | Subfertility is a common problem, but the treatment is sometimes inadequate because the causes are not fully diagnosed. Iron is essential for oxygen transport and therefore promotes health of all cells and tissues. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. Therefore, the connection between iron and fertility need more explanation. Some researchers have suggested that iron may be important for ovulation as the egg has an increased demand for iron while it matures and women who do not get sufficient amounts of iron may suffer anovulation and possibly poor egg health, which can inhibit pregnancy at a rate 60% higher than those with sufficient iron stores in their blood. However women planning to become pregnant should test for serum ferritin level and accordingly if low they can use iron supplements because they may help them to prevent iron deficiency and also improve fertility. Vitamin C is essential for the uptake and absorption of iron. The objective of this study was to assess the iron status, vitamin C and some hormone levels in subfertile women. The sample of study consists of 106 women subdivided into two groups : first consist of 76 subfertile women were taken from the outpatient to fertility center in the gynecological and obstetrical teaching hospital in Kerbala city and from multiple gynecology/obstetrics privet clinics. Second consist of 30 fertile women (control and comparative) who obtained from outpatients and some relatives. The subfertile women subdivided into two subgroups according to the cause of subfertility in presented study : first group : ovarian dysfunction (OD) either due to polycystic ovary syndrom (PCOS) or due to other cause (OC) like anovulation, hyperprolactenemia, premature ovarian failure. Second group : unexplained (idiopathic). Also the subfertile women subdivided into two subgroups according to the type of subfertility : primary and secondary. All of them were at reproductive age (16 - 45) years and there BMI ranged between (20 - 45 kg/m2). The study was achieved throughout a period which extends from July 2012 - October 2013. The protocol of study summarized as following : At day 3±1of menstrual cycle (menstrual phase), all women underwent the measurement of concentrations for multiple hormones in the blood like luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiole, prolactine and Testosterone. In addition to iron status (serum iron, serum ferrtin and total iron binding capacity) and vitamin C also assessed. And at day 13 of menstrual cycle (near time of ovulation), all women underwent two investigations : first : the measurement of concentrations of luteinizing hormone, serum Leptin and antioxidants as vitamin C and glutathione. In addition to Iron status (serum iron, serum ferrtin and total iron binding capacity) and hemoglobin concentration also estimated. Second : estimation the size and the number of dominant follicles in both ovaries by ultrasonograghy. While at day 23±1 of menstrual cycle (secretary phase), all women underwent two investigations : first : estimation the concentration of serum progesterone to detect ovulation. Second : estimation the endometrial thickness by ultrasonograghy. The results of study shows : • A significant increase (P<0.05) in number of subfertile women with age group (16 - 25) years and there were highly significant decreases (P<0.001) in number of women with age 36 - 45 years for both primary and secondary subfertility. While no significant difference (p>0.05) in age group (26 - 35) years.• A significant increases (P<0.05) in body mass index for subfertile women due to polycystic ovary syndrome. Also a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum leptin for women with overweight and obese as compared with normal weight.• A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum ferritin level for polycystic ovary syndrome at day 13 of menstrual cycle. Also, a significant decreases (P<0.05) in number of polycystic ovary syndrome in those having serum ferritin lower than normal at day 13 of menstrual cycle.• A significant increase (P<0.05) in the number of subfertile women due to ovarian dysfunction other than polycystic ovary syndrome who having a lower serum level of vitamin C at day 3 of menstrual cycle. • A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum testosterone level in polycystic ovary syndrome group at day 3 of menstrual cycle. • A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum prolactine level in group of ovarian dysfunction due to other cause at day 3 of menstrual cycle. when serum ferritin level lower than or within normal value. • A significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum level of luteinizing hormone for group of ovarian dysfunction due to other cause at day 13 of menstrual cycle when serum ferritin less than normal but no significant differences (P>0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone when serum ferritin within normal value. • A significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone for group of ovarian dysfunction due to O.C when vitamin C within normal value at day 13 of menstrual cycle.• A highly significant decrease (p<0.001) in endometrial thickness for all subfertile group at day 23 of menstrual cycle.• No significant difference (P>0.05) in serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, estradiole and glutathione as compared with other parameters in fertile and subfertile women.It was concluded that the decrease in serum ferritin and vitamin C levels in the blood may be associated directly or indirectly with subfertility caused by ovarian dysfunction.

تغيرات الرسم الكهربائي للدماغ عند الحوامل في مرحلة ما قبل التشنج الحملي وعلاقتها ببعض المؤشرات الحيوية الالتهابية == Electroencephalographic Changes In Preeclamptic Females And Their Relation With Some Inflammatory Biomarkers

Author name: مهند يحيى ادريس المحنه
Supervisor name: احسان محمد عبود عجينة
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: يسجل الرسم الكهربائي للدماغ الفعالية الكهربائية الذاتية المتولدة في قشرة الدماغ. اشارة الرسم الكهربائي للدماغ هي قياس للتيارات المتحركة في قشرة الدماغ. عندما تحفز خلايا الدماغ (العصيبات), يتم توليد التيار الارتباطي في التشجرات العصبية للخلايا. يولد هذا ال | Electroencephalography (EEG) records the spontaneous electrical activity generated in the cerebral cortex. When brain cells (neurons) are active, synaptic currents are produced within their dendrites and this current generates an electrical field over the scalp. The EEG waves measure this current that flow during synaptic excitations of pyramidal neurons' dendrites. Preeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy characterized by a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or more on two separate occasions after the 20th gestational week in a previously normotensive woman. This is accompanied by significant proteinuria (>300 mg in 24 hours) and is associated with endothelial cell damage. The markers of endothelial activation or inflammation have been blamed to play an active role in preeclampsia (Sibai et al., 2005). This study included 97 pregnant with a confirmed diagnosis of preeclampsia as a patient group with a gestational age ranging between 20 - 38 weeks. They are divided into three subgroups according to their gestational age (20 - 26 wk, 27 - 32 wk and 33 - 38 wk) and the mean of their age was 29.34±4.82, 30.14±5.33 and 32.54±6.22 years respectively. In addition, 72 women with normal pregnancy have been included as control group. These were also subdivided into three subgroups just like that of the patients and their age matches them too. Participants belong to both patient and control groups had underwent same procedure, examinations and tests like EEG and serological tests for Intracellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM I), interleukin - 6 (IL6) and C - reactive protein (CRP), in parallel. Results showed that there were statistically significant increased levels (P < 0.05) of ICAMI, IL - 6 and CRP values between patient and control groups and between the patient with mild and those with severe preeclampsia in all tested gestational age subgroups. This supports the hypothesis stating a role of cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers in the mechanism underlying preeclampsia. Moreover, and at all gestational age subgroups, the ICAMI, CRP and IL - 6 values were higher in patients with severe disease when compared with those having milkd disease. This strengthens more the relation of these biomarkers with the progression of preeclampsia. There were abnormal EEG changes in about 52 % of the patients with preeclampsia and these changes were reported in all gestational age subgroups and were in the form of spikes, polyspikes, slow sharp waves. This shows that preeclamptic females are prone to some excessive brain activities that may put them in danger of abnormal brain function. Furthermore, these EEG abnormalities were related to the severity of the preeclampsia as they were recorded in severe cases more and at all gestational age subgroups. Also there were statistically significant elevation regarding ICAMI (at the second and third gestational age subgroups), IL - 6 values (at the second gestational age subgroup) and CRP (at all gestational age subgroups) among patients with and without abnormal EEG changes. This suggests a strong relation between these inflammatory biomarkers with the occurrence of abnormal EEG changes in preeclamptic females. In conclusion, an inflammatory process is blamed to be the underlying mechanism of preeclampsia as proved by the elevated levels biomarkers in these patients. Both the abnormally elevated biomarkers and the abnormal EEG changes occur in preeclamptic patient in different gestational ages above 20 weeks and occur in different disease severity.

التشخيص المقارن المصلي والجزئي لداء المقوسات وبعض الاصابات الفيروسية لبعض النساء الحوامل اللوات يعانينن من الاجهاض في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Serological And Molecular Comparative Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis And Certain Types of Viral Infections (Torch) In Aborted Women In Al - Najaf Province

Author name: ذكرى عبد الله محمود المياحي
Supervisor name: باقر عبيس سلطان | صباح نعمة محمد الفتلاوي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في محافظه النجف الاشرف / العراق، وتضمنت جمع عينات من دم النساء الحوامل اللواتي يعانين من الاجهاض اول مرة او متكررة وكان عدد الحالات 57 حالة. اعمارهن يتراوح بين 15سنة الى40 سنة واللواتي يراجعن مستشفى الزهراء التعليمي والمختبر المركزي وبع | Toxoplasmosis and viral infections such as Rubella , Cytomegalovirus and Herpes virus (TORCH) are feared risk during pregnancy. The rate of toxoplasmosis and of subclinical infected infants at birth with the risk of late manifestation is still unclear, whereas such data are fairly well - known for Rubella , Cytomegalovirus and Herpes virus. The respective major diagnostic issues in pregnancy, the laboratory diagnosis, and its rational use in combination with clinical information are presented , also the value of passive prophylaxis, therapy, and prenatal diagnosis as well as the possible management for diminishing the infection problems in pregnancy.Aims of study : The study was aimed to evaluate the ELISA result for Toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes virus (TORCH) IgM and IgG and compare the results of the ELISA with RT - PCR to arbitrate discordant results.Methodology : The present study was carried out on 57 pregnant women, all of them had with bad obstetric history (BOH) of abortion twice or more. Patients were between 15 - 40 years of age, and they were attending Al - Zahraa Maternity and pediatric Teaching Hospital, Al - Hakeem Hospital and some private clinics, in AL - Najaf province during the period from May 2012 till May 2013. Serological evaluation for TORCH infections was carried out by using IgM and IgG Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA ) method and molecular technique ( DNA; RNA - RT - PCR). Each blood sample was divided into two part , one part plane tube for separation of serum that were screened for the presence IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii ,Cytomegalovirus Rubella virus and Herpes simplex virus by using (ELISA test ).The tests were performed according to manufactures instruction.The other part (blood )EDTA tube was used for DNA 0f detection Toxoplasma , CMV and Herpes simplex virus , while RNA extraction of Rubella virus.The blood and serum sample were stored in refrigerator (2 - 8C?) before the analysis.The extracted DNA and RNA were stored at - 20C? till used within 24 hours. All ELISA Results samples were compared with Real - Time PCR result. Statistical analysis : Statistical program SPSS version (20.0) was used to study the significant difference between tests in each type of antibody (IgM and IgG). (X2 - test) was used after detection of normal distribution to the data and appropriate P<0.001 consider significant. Results : Both IgM / IgG was Seropositive to T. Gondii , Rubella , CMV and HSV - 2 which were 49.12/80.70%, 21.05/49.12% , 45.61/70.18% and 1.21/36.20% respectively. Samples were seropositive to IgM and results were retested by RT - PCR method. Maximum number of IgM /IgG seropositive cases of aborted women was 19(32.75%)/57 that associated with Toxoplasma ,Rubella and CMV infection by RT - PCR ( 10(17.54%), 6( 10.53%) and 3(5.26%) respectively ). The ELISA TORCH IgM and IgG assays provided results comparable to RT - PCR indicated significant differences among Toxoplasma and viral infection. The ELISA TORCH infection IgM and IgG assays showed a lower specificity with for Toxoplasma IgM (p=0.001), poor for CMV IgM and moderate for Rubella virus IgM.Conclusion : The accurate diagnosis of TORCH infection should be done by molecular method.

تاثير التعويض الجزئي والكلي للاسنان على فحوصات كفاءة الرئتين عند مرضى السكري نوع - 2 == Effect of Partial And Complete Denture Treatment On Spirometric Tests In Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Author name: حسين مهدي حسين الخفاجي
Supervisor name: يسار محمد حسن الشماع
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: في هذه الدراسة العرضية, تم اختيار 140 شخصا بصورة عشوائية, من بينهم 90 كان مصابا بالسكري والباقون كانوا سليمين ,لدراسة تاثير ارتداء طقم الاسنان الكلي والجزئي من قبل مرضى السكري على فحوصات كفاءة الرئتين وبالتحديد, , السعة الحيوية القسرية (FVC)و الحجم الزفير | In this cross sectional study, a total number of 140 subjects selected randomly, 90 of them were diabetic and the remaining were normal, to study the effect of complete and partial dentures wearing by diabetic patients on pulmonary function test particularly peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume ratio (FEV1/FVC) ratio (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC), and also the retropharyngeal space (RPS), the level of Endothelial selectin (E - selectin) and the level of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule - 1(VCAM - 1)was also compared, in this study, between the diabetic and the normal subjects.The results indicate that the spirolab III was accurate and reproducible and can be used in all related studies.The effect of wearing of complete and partial dentures by diabetic patients on FVC, FEV1, PEFR and also the degree of alteration of the RPS were measured.1) The results of the study shows a significant increase in values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) (p<0.05), while there was no significant change in the value of FVC after the replacement of complete denture.2) No statistically significant differences in the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) was observed after replacement of partial denture without free end extension3) There was a significant increase in values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) (p<0.05), never the less there was no significant change in the value of FVC after the replacement partial denture with unilateral free end extension.4) There was a significant increase in values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) (p<0.05), However there was no significant change in the value of FVC after the replacement partial denture with bilateral free end extension5) The results showed that in poor and good control diabetic patients there was a significant decrease in the values of FEV1, PEFR, FEV1%and RPS after the removal of all types of dentures(p<0.05), while no significant change in FVC.6) Statistical significant increase in Serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level was found in diabetic patients when compared to that of the normal subjects (p<0.05).7) No statistical significant difference between serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level in diabetic patients after and before denture placement (p>0.05). The cause of the significant change in the values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) in case of complete and partial denture with free end extension replacement may be due to pressing of the retropharyngeal space bilaterally and unilaterally by the complete and partial denture and the FVC was not significantly changed because it may not be affected by denture support, while the elevated Serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level might indicate endothelial activation and inflammation.In conclusion we can conclude that 1. The spirolabIII used in this study is an accurate and reproducible device and can be used in the assessment of lung function test.2. Values of FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) where significantly higher after the replacement of complete denture and partial denture with bilateral and unilateral free end extension in diabetic patients (p<0.05), while there was no significant change in the value of FVC.3. No statistically significant differences in the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and retropharyngeal space (RPS) was observed after partial denture without free end extension has been replaced in diabetic patients.6. In poor and good control diabetic patients there was no significant change in the value of FVC, while the values of FEV1, PEFR, FEV1%and RPS where significantly decrease after the removal of all types of dentures.8. Statistical significant increase in Serum E - selectin and VCAM - 1 level was found in diabetic patients when compared to that of the normal subjects.9. The results for serum level of E - selectin and VCAM - 1 shows no significant difference diabetic patients after the placement of all types of dentures (p>0.05).

تعقب الليشمانيا الجلدية بالاختبارات التحليلية الوبائية والطفيلية والجزيئية والكيمياحياتية == Tracking of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis By Epidemiological, Parasitological, Molecular And Biochemical Analysis

Author name: سندس نصیف الحجیمي
Supervisor name: باقر عبیس سلطان | محسن عبد الحسین الظالمي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was performed to identify the species and strain of Leishmania parasite isolated from different endemic areas. It was carried out on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in five Iraqi provinces as following : Al - Najaf province ( Al - Hakeem and Al - Sadder teaching hospitals), Babylon province ( Marjan hospital ), Al - Qadisya province (AL - Sadder Teaching hospital ), Karbala province (Al - Hussain General Hospital) and Kut province (Al - Zehraa Teaching and Al - Kerama Hospitals). It covered seven hospitals as a field of investigations from October 2010 to December 2012.Cellulose acetate electrophoresis has been performed in Walter Reed Institute of researches in USA. A total of 126 cases comprising 48(38%) females and 78(62%) males were studied. The highest infected age group was 21 - 30 years with a rate of 27.8% and the lowest rate was 11.9% at the age group of 10 and less years.Geographical distribution of CL among hospital patients indicated that rural areas were with highest rate (54%) while in urban areas were with(46%).The number of ulcers per one patient differs for each patient. The highest rate of multiple lesions was 73% in comparison with single lesion (27%).The type of infection showed that disease was in wet type (82.5%) more than in dry type (17.5%). Direct smears were made by lesion aspiration,skin scraping and discharged blood methods , by which 90 (71%) patients gave positive result under light microscope.Modified NNN medium and RPMI - 1640 with fetal bovine serum followed by sub - culture in drosophila Schniders media were performed for each case. Out of 126 cases,83(65%) gave positive growth. Further characterization of the causative parasite species and strain made by molecular and biochemical techniques.Out of 83 postive growth culture,only 52 specimens were studied by nested - PCR, using kinetoplast minicircle fraction amplification to detecte the species of parasite.It was found that 45(86.5%) cases in the generation of a 560 bp DNA and 7(13.4%)patients displayed a fragment of 750 bp, corresponding to L. major and L. tropica, respectively.This test revealed that L. tropica and L. major are the causative agents of infection with dominant shifting to the L. major.Cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE) was performed for 20 mass cultivated cultures. Isoenzyme profiles of these isolates were compared with reference strains of Leishmania spp. using cellulose acetate electrophoresis and 4 enzyme systems (glucose phosphateisomerase,leucil phosphate,manose phosphate isomerase and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). The results showed that L.major(LV39) isolate were in 20 mass cultivated culture.Most of the CL patients in Najaf province(2011,2012) were from Haidariya in north district. High prevalence of disease was observed in Autumn and Winter.The highest number of cases was recorded during February and December.

مقارنة بين النوع الثاني من مرض السكري ومرض السكري المناعي الذاتي المتاخر الظهور للبالغين باستخدام مؤشرات الخلايا اللمفاوية وملف الحركيات الخلوية == Comparison Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults Using Lymphocytes Markers And Cytokines Profile

Author name: سوسن محمد جبار الحسناوي
Supervisor name: سلمان عزيز الجبوري
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: This study was done to investigate whether Type 2 diabetes and Latent autoimmune diabetes of adult (LADA) patients have similar or different immunological profile.Therefore, measurement of serum levels of adhesion molecules (Serum intracellular cell adhesion molecule(sICAM - 1), Serum vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM - 1) and Serum endothelial Selectin (sESelectin)), chemokines (CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4) and cytokines (IL - 6, IL - 1receptor antagonist and IFN - ?) in these patients was done. In addition to the influence of BMI, gender, age and diabetes duration on these systemic immune mediators were analyzed. Also, the relationships of the in vivo levelsof these mediators with micro - & macro - vascular complications in type 2 diabetes & LADA were studied.Three hundred individual were enrolled in this study and were divided into two subgroups : patients and control groups (280 patients& 20 control). From the 280 patients group who were clinically diagnosed as type 2 D.M., 34 patients were GADA positive and considered as LADA cases. Serum samples were taken from The 34 LADA cases, 36 cases of D.M.2 (selected randomly from the remaining 246 diabetic type 2 patients) & 20 healthy control subjects.The prevalence of LADA among D.M.2 patients was 12.1%. A significant difference in family history, BMI, FBS, HA1C & duration of D.M. was found in D.M.2 cases compared to LADA cases. The mean sVCAM - 1level of control group was significantly lower than D.M.2 and LADA group, P<0.05. The sE - Selectin level was higher in LADA group than control and D.M. type 2 group & significantly different when compared to control group (P<0.05). The sVCAM - 1 level had a significant positive correlation (R=0.25, P=0.017) with BMI in all groups. LADA group had significantly higher values of CCL2 while D.M. type 2 had the least values (P=0.002). The mean IL - 6 of D.M. type 2 group was (11.6±3.1), for LADA group it was (12.4±1.7) and for the controls it was 0.95 ± 0.14. There was a statically significant difference between D.M.2 vs. controls, and LADA vs. controls (P<0.05), regarding the mean IFN - ?, it was significantly higher in LADA group than D.M.2 group (87.5 ± 20.3) vs. (40.3 ± 4.5) respectively, (P=0.032).The mean IL - 1receptor antagonist was significantly higher in D.M. type 2 and LADA cases than controls (P<0.05). A significant positivecorrelation between IL - 6 and sICAM - 1, (R= 0.27, P= 0.013) & a highly significant positive correlation between IL - 6 and IL - 1RA, (R= 0.35, P=0.001) were found. IL - 6 & IL - 1RA serum levels in D.M. type 2 patientswere significantly associated with the complications where p - value?0.05. For conclusions, LADA is clinically underestimated among D.M. type 2 patients and increases with increasing age. Also, Levels of CCL2 and IFN - ? are associated with autoimmunity, Levels of adhesion molecules & chemokines are associated with complications of diabetes.

العلاقة بين اعتلال الجهاز العصبي اللاارادي الناتج عن السكري مع مستوى اللبتين وامراض القلب حسب فحص ايكو القلب وفحص اجهاد القلب == Relation of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy With Leptin And Cardiac Disease Assessed By Echo And Treadmill Test

Author name: زينب فلاح حسن
Supervisor name: احسان محمد عبود عجينة | علاء حسين عباس
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : الاعتلال العصبي اللاارادي القلبي له تاثير سلبي على الحياة ونوعيتها للاشخاص المصابين بالسكري. الاعتلال العصبي اللاارادي القلبي يعتبر نوع فرعي من الاعتلال العصبي السكري. هذا النوع من الاعتلال هو الاكثر بروزا لتهديده للحياة وبسبب توفر الفحص القلبي | Background : Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) has a negative effect on survival and quality of life in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and is regarded as a subtype of the diabetic autonomic neuropathy. This type of neuropathy is the most prominent focusing because of its life threatening and the availability of the cardiovascular tests that can diagnose it. It has been thought that many factors in DM like leptin causing increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Researches about the relation of leptin with CAN and cardiovascular disease are yet limited.Aim of study : This study aims to determine the prevalence of CAN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, evaluate the association between CAN the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in these patients, test the association between CAN and ischemic heart disease and assess the relationship between the presence and severity of CAN with fasting serum leptin in these patients.Patients, materials and methods : This cross sectional study included 103 (56 males and 47 females) diabetic patients without hypertension or pre - diagnosis of ischemia. They had attended to the diabetic center in Marjan Medical City in Hilla from March 2013 to February 2014. The patients had undergone thorough assessments that included clinical (history and full examination) and biochemical assessments (measurement of fasting plasma sugar, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine and serum leptin level). Cardiac autonomic reflex tests were also assessed along with echocardiography and treadmill test. Cardiac autonomic reflex tests included the five tests of Ewing protocol. Patients who had two or more abnormal tests were considered as having CAN (75 patients) and those with less than two abnormal tests were considered as patients without CAN (28 patients). Results : The study found that most diabetic patients (84%) were obese (BMI?25 kg/m2) and most of the diabetic patients presented with CAN (72.8%). Fasting serum leptin level was higher in female than in male in both study groups (with and without CAN). Patients with CAN were older when compared to patients without CAN (p?0.01) and had longer duration of DM (p?0.01) with significantly higher fasting serum leptin levels. The leptin level showed a tendency to increase as the score of CAN increased. However, these changes were not significant (P>0.05). The most abnormal sympathetic response was diastolic blood pressure response to hand grip while the most abnormal parasympathetic response was heart rate response to breathing. On contrary, the lowest abnormal response was found in postural blood pressure test. Echocardiography showed that most of the diabetic patients (89.8%) had a left ventricular hypertrophy by measuring the left ventricular mass index. However, there were no significant changes in echocardiographic results between patients with CAN and those without.Conclusions : This study concludes that CAN is a common complication of type 2 diabetes that affected a large percentage of diabetic patients. The duration of the diabetes and the age of patients are important non modifiable risk factors for the development of CAN. Additionally, heart rate variability is considered as an important test for early detection of CAN. On the other hand, CAN has no impact on the occurrence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Leptin level was high in diabetic patients and even higher in those with CAN and its levels related positively with the severity of CAN. Also, there were high leptin levels in diabetic patients with positive treadmill test results, although these changes were not significant (P>0.05).

فاعلية تمرينات دورة الاطالة والتقصير في تنمية القدرة العضلية للذراعين والرجلين وعرض الانموذج بتقنيات الحاسوب لدقة اداء بعض انواع التصويب بكرة اليد == Effectiveness Exercises of Stretch And Shortening Cycle, In Development The Muscle Ability of The Arms & The Legs, And Presenting The Sample By Using Computer Techniques To Accuracy of Some Kinds of Targeting From The Handball

Author name: رؤى علي حسين
Supervisor name: عبد الجبار شنين الجنابي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Handball
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن الفصل الاول التعريف بالبحث واهميته في استخدام تمرينات دورة الاطالة والتقصير وعرض النموذج باستخدام تقنيات الحاسوب في تطوير القدرة العضلية للذراعين والرجلين ودقة التصويب من القفز بكرة اليد، اذ تعد لعبة كرة اليد واحدة من الالعاب الرياضية الجماعية المهم | First Section : Definition Research This approach identifies and its importance by using stretching and shortening exercises and presenting the sample by using the computer in developing the muscle ability of the arms & the legs, and accuracy of some kinds of targeting from a Jumping Position with the handball. The handball game is one of the sport games taught at our physical education colleges. It is considered one of the most popular worldwide sport, which has local and continental championships. The player of handball has many physical specifications including (strength and duration and flexibility and correspondence), and many skills including using one arm with the ball and the other without it, that is (targeting and dripping, passing and deluding and other skills). Therefore, the new training view has become taking care of everything that make it possible to achieve goals through using more specialized mean of training like exercises of the cycle of stretching and constricting which has a deep effect in developing the muscle ability because it has a great importance to the player of handball in using this ability continuously during performing skills of defense and attack representing in the muscle ability of the arms and the legs. The problem of the Research is represented in the abstaining and weakness of the female team of the university especially in performing some kinds of the targeting from a jumping position, both in its high and frontal poses. The reason of being unable to perform these kinds of targeting is failure of the ball's crossing of the defense line or reaching the goalkeeper in a weak impetus and thus makes it easy to catch or push it away. The Objective of the Research can be summarized as follows : - Getting acquainted with effectiveness of cycle of stretching and shortening in developing the muscle ability of the arms and legs of the girls' university team of handball. - Getting acquainted with effectiveness of presenting the sample by using the computer in developing accuracy of performing some kinds of targeting from a jumping position performed by the girls of the handball team of the university of Kufa. The Impose Research : - - There are differences having statistical connotation between the prior and the afterwards experimentation and to the favour of the afterwards experimentation regarding exercises of the cycle of stretching and shortening in developing the muscle ability of the arms and legs of the girls' Kufa university team of handball. Areas of the Research : - The human Area / the girls' Kufa university team of handball. - The duration Area / from 1 December, 2013 till 1 June, 2013. - The spatial Area / the stadium of the College of Education for Girls / University of Kufa.Second Section : The Theoretical Studies & the similar Studies This approach deals with the special theory regarding the research varieties where, the concept of exercises of the cycle of stretching and shortening and the subjects correlated, and the concept of the muscle ability and targeting skill of handball and its kinds of jumping, and the importance of computer techniques and its uses in learning and teaching, taken into account. The similar studies were also taken into account.Third Section : Methodology of the Study and its Field Processes : The empirical method was chosen in accordance with the nature of the problem. The sample was chosen on purpose from the team of handball of the University of Kufa, and it was divided into two groups each of (10) female players. They got equivalence and accordance before starting the training course through a prior experimentation as a means of collecting information; then an empirical method of the cycle of stretching and restriction was presented, and the sample was presented by the computer techniques for 8 weeks, and an afterwards experimentation was done to get the results which were treated statically through using (SPSS), and which enabled the researcher to recognize the differences concerning the research varieties between the two groups. Fourth Approach : presenting the results and analyzing and discussing them This approach includes the total presentation of all the results through diagram columns and tables and analyzing and discussing them scientifically through using the athletic training literature and learning to achieve the research goals and assumptions.Fifth Section : Conclusions and Recommendations The researcher has reached a number of important conclusions, some of thedm are : - The cycle of stretching and shortening has a positive effect in developing the muscle ability of the arms and legs in the empirical sample of the research. - The presenting of the type by using computer techniques has a positive effect in developing accuracy of targeting from a jumping position of the research empirical sample. - The time of the independent variant represented in the training doses was suitable in creating adaptations expressing the range of development in the muscle ability of the arms and legs and accuracy of targeting from a jumping position.Some of the important recommendations - Generalization of the course concerning exercises of shortening and stretching and presenting the type by using the computer techniques on the athletic teams of the handball team of the University of Kufa, and the sport clubs outside the university. - Using the training course of the cycle of stretching and shortening (as a physical part) and the computer techniques in presenting the type (as a feedback nutrition) of the other athletic games inside the university and the sport clubs outside the university. - Designing and shortening a number of experimentations to measure accuracy of targeting from jumping forwards with the ball in hand which will be more objective in measuring this skill in the girls

بنية الكلام بين المتحاورين في النص القراني : دراسة تفسيرية == Speech Structure Among The Conversers About The Qur’anic Text : Interpretational Study

Author name: وجدان مهدي حسين الخالدي
Supervisor name: صباح عباس عنوز
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Interpretation
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The structure is a regarded as a way that connects between the human self and the recipient as being a container of the intents which the speaker seeks. There is a relation between the structure and the attitude of the speaker and listener or reader. The Holy Qur’an has concentrated on this phenomena related to the reader or listener, because the Holy Qur’an is a guiding and preaching book with humanitarian functions for all of the humans in every time and place. Its concentration is on the recipient, therefore, the contextual structure in the Qura;nic text fulfilled its role in achieving those functions. The studier of this text, especially the conversational one, find it very deep, difficult and rich with visions, therefore, I went through this subject depending on Al - Mighty Allah, and convinced and eager to write in this field. This study has endowed me with a lot of knowledge; therefore, it came as follows : 1 - The preface : it included a definition and a historical view of the concept of speech, conversation and structure, it came under the title : Structure, Speech and Conversation - Critical approach”.2 - First chapter : in it, the structure of speech between the conversers is tackled on the structural and semantic levels, and its effect on interpretation. The structure of the word on this level becomes valuable and its expressive ability within the structural context through the text which includes the relations of building the sentence and connecting its rules.3 - The second chapter is entitled “The Structure of the Conversation in the Qur’anic text and its Interpretive Effect on Conversation Patterns”, the Qur’an is accurate in the terms used to express its aims and intents in various contexts in conversations and styles taking into consideration the situation and the occasion. And when reading them carefully, we can sense the nature of the conversation, whether it was external (direct or indirect) or internal.4 - The third chapter is dedicated to reveal the effect of the structure of the conversation on the interpretational methods represented by the method of the Qur’an - Qur’an interpretation, Qur’an - Prophetic tradition interpretation and Qur’an - Rhetoric interpretation.After going through the subject, the following results have been reached : 1 - There is a difference between the speech and the conversation; the speech is greater than the conversation, for the speech is full of different styles which could be unrelated to the conversation, but the conversation is part of the speech. 2 - The structure of the conversation in the Holy Qur’an is not subject to time or place, but in fact it is a comprehensive conversation that is related to every time and place for the recipient and it holds interpretational functions and other functions as well.3 - The structure of the conversation in the Holy Qur’an with all its various types is preceded by a preface which becomes an opening for the mechanisms of conversation, which is something not familiar in the human conversations. Therefore, this matter constituted a miraculous point in the Qur’anic conversation, where the structure of the conversation in the Holy Qur’an became an extension of the structure of the preface which is reflected in the interpretational coherence of the subject.4 - The research discovered a miraculous point that has never been noticed by others, whenever the rhetoric performance in the structure of the conversation in the Holy Qur’an varied, the coherence increased. On another hand, this coherence will serve the interpretation of the text
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الاصول الدينية للتعايش الانساني في الاديان السماوية : دراسة الكتب المقدسة في ضوء القران الكريم

Author name: عبد الرزاق رحيم صلال الموحي
Supervisor name: عبد الامير كاظم زاهد
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Religion Basics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
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منهج الاستدلال القراني عند اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) : دراسة تفسيرية

Author name: صادق عبد الله راشد الحسن
Supervisor name: صباح عباس عنوز
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
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