اسم المؤلف: علي محمود محمد السوداني

اسم المشرف: قاسم مؤنس عزيز

الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون المسرحية - تقنيات

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

ما بعد الحداثة وانعكاساتها في سينوغرافيا العرض المسرحي العراقي == Postmodernism And Anekasthe In Scenography Supply Iraqi The

اسم المؤلف: فيصل علي شرين الدوسكي

اسم المشرف: قاسم مؤنس عزيز

الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون المسرحية - المنظر المسرحي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يعد فن المسرح من الظواهر الحضارية الانسانية، اذ يوصف بالتطور على مستوى وجود الانسان بمستواة التاريخي، ويعد قديما على مستوى ظهور الحضارات الكبرى كما هو حال حضارة وادي الرافدين، ووادي النيل، والحضارة الاغريقية...الخ.ويمكن لقاريء تاريخ المسرح ان يلتمس ت | The art of the theater phenomena of human civilization , as described evolution at the level of the existence of the historical rights to its level , and is out of date at the level of the emergence of great civilizations , as is the case with the civilization of Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley and the Greek civilization... etc..A reader theater history to seek the development of the theater with Greek civilization and Romania to disclose material and references and institutions with beginnings and growth , which differed in which researchers , but what can we adopt in this thesis is what constitutes the structure PRESENTATION formal and dynamic game play as the development of methods Manifesting dazzling accompanied this growth of civilization , which can be described as the growth of tissue adopted all the knowledge available in the neighborhoods of the investment game play , including the science of optics and physical blocks and the lighting and colors and different... etc. Alaihamat of Science neighboring possible to utilize them in a product of game play.This as well as the evolution and transformation of aesthetically pleasing as a result of shifts in the structure of consciousness itself , and appointed to the nature of beauty and the beautiful , including changes to the historical level of movements and technical approaches , which as the variable information on the level of art history , or philosophy of art history , and is the idea of post - modernism , and their productions of the most important aspects of development and transformation in the taste of the Assembly, which swept the arts and literature , and all the creative structures of human civilization , including the art of theater that has been affected by and produced what we might call postmodern theater , which skips steps intellectually and technically.One manifestation of the modern theater transformation broad scenography theater , which was adopted approaches and trends of modernity , starting from Impressionist and passing Baltkaaabah and symbolic and Dadaism and the end Balsraalah , but that theater modernism influenced by the art of assembly and installation , which is one of the arts postmodern At the time of modernity itself and it is normal because the interval between modernity and Beyond separator default, can not be entirely watershed where things are a lot of overlap.The postmodern art , particularly theater , has achieved the outcomes of the task can be half to proceed with actors , which will reveal the institutions of post - modernism itself , and these outcomes with regard to the art of body art of the earth , and Video, and digital art , and these trends that form the structure of post - modernism , and found its place fertile in the art of theater in its system design.The Iraqi theater of theaters in bold and call variables which surprised theaters in the neighboring countries and the manifestations of this is what we find in the daring design creations , especially theater scenography of postmodernism.The researcher found that this trend did not take his scientific position and described dimension for analysis and exploration and drilling flour , despite the importance of the subject and seriousness because a shift in the overall environment for viewing theater , directed towards the form that builds scenography theater as an important center and active in PRESENTATION , which shows the importance of this research and the need for him as well as the goals and limitations cited by the researcher in the first chapter of this thesis and after the completion of the researcher to this chapter represented a systematic framework for the search , and then the definition of terms , the frame of mind of knowledge ( theory) is built on the following according to the detective.To enable the researcher of the mechanism of scientific research the exact terms founded and bases to reveal the secrets of this organization and to realize the verdicts Almazmrh and which was governed by a set of structures and cultural patterns , social, economic and even psychological linked Bmarjaaat doctrinal through First research of the second quarter , which was under the title ( the philosophy of modernity onwards ) of this section has been detected philosophy of modernity and their references and their origins and transformations to the postmodern.The second section devoted to ( artistic forms of art postmodern ) because the subject of modernity and beyond is the fabric represents all aspects of civilization kinds Mstdeih inclusiveness and interaction of all aspects of culture change that was philosophically and politically or scientifically or technically , and calls for change and openness to the new.The third section ( Alcinogravea and a mechanism to engage in postmodern theater ) reveals that the correlation between design and architectural Alcinogravea stage and the mechanism of performance and technology that have subscribed to a set of elements and mechanisms that shape the visual presentation of the playwright. Reading is the new scenography in postmodern theater allows for the recipient that explains the artwork in his own way , but re - formed , and according to his reading on what he sees and diversity of stylistic trends of the scenography depending on the variety of trends and styles in the era of post - modernism.After he finished his research researcher kits through detective theoretical , intellectual and technical moved to the third quarter , which represents action research as beginning with his community and his research samples and method , and the method of sampling Mentahja intentionality of the total samples of the title in question and the justification for the selection of samples.Finally, it was the fourth quarter , representing the results and conclusions reached by scientific research which has important consequences on the theoretical level analytical and exploratory and finally the level of future default.The researcher presented at the end of his research recommendations was for supplements that include interviews and research provided by the professors thought and literature, theater and the creators of the design at the College of Fine Arts Mtfdilan thankfully they are both professors Prof. Dr. Fadil (Sami Abdul - Hamid ) , Dr Fadil ( Fadel Khalil ) Dr Fadil ( Salah reeds ) , Dr Fadil ( Abbas Ali Jaafar ) Dr Fadil ( star Haider ) , Dr Fadil ( Hussein Altk ) , Dr Fadil ( Mohammed Abdel - Rahman al - Jubouri ) , Dr Fadil ( Aqeel Muslim).Finally, like the researcher a statement that art ( scenography ) postmodernism in the Iraqi theater is an art recently has been associated with the renaissance of the theater , after the arrival of creative artists from Europe , including the artist ( Kadhim Haydar ) and artist (Sami Abdel Hamid) and artist (Ibrahim Jalal ) and artist ( Fadel Khalil ) and artist ( Salah reeds ), which is an inexact art and composite difficult to interact with it and achieve results , making its employees do not complete the fingers stop per numbering they Mtfaalon in the level of their offspring quantitative and qualitative , and many of the constraints facing the working art Alcingravea , including constraints and objective thought , because theater postmodern disregards the form and terms of reference or foundations or private art techniques , each work has its style and its terms of reference and ideas that are different from the other work

معطيات المعرفة العلمية للمتحول التقني في المنهج الصناعي == Personal Representative And Performance Between The Epic Theater And Gala Theater Offers In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: صلاح نوري محمود الجيلاوي

اسم المشرف: قدوري عراك صكر | هدى محمود عمر

الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: التصميم الصناعي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الفنون الجميلة - قسم التصميم

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The current study entitled (the given scientific epistemological knowledge for the technical transformation in industrial product), approached the subject of design in general, and modern industrial product design, in particular, which employed modern techniques and have new concepts and ideas, which was the main element in making significant changes in product appearances. the first chapter included the research problem which it concentrate about identifying the epistemological systems and structure and foundations, which allows us to understand the mechanism and relational components of industrial product , according to that knowledge that contribute to the activation of mental images and imaginative abilities of industrial designer, and reproduction of ideas that used in identifying the technical transformation for that product. According to that, the research problem has crystallized by these questions : 1. does the scientific knowledge has contributed in evolving the product design, and how techniques effected by the upcoming of scientific knowledge? 2. the extent to which the Awareness of industrial designer expertise cumulative knowledge gained through the stages of time?While the importance clarified through the data of scientific knowledge and the overlapping with art, since such interference can appears the values of artistic techniques of product design, so the detection of creative achievement system of scientific knowledge of pure mathematics, physics, chemistry, and technical aesthetic knowledge that appear in the design of industrial product which brings us to an account of the movement of pattern of the mental mechanism visualization and call for a stylistic vocabularyof industrial product to deal with, as it shows the followingimportant points : 1. The pattern movement of mental perception mechanism with which industrial designer generates from which new and innovative ideas based on the accumulation of knowledge, which stores them in memory and call the vocabulary of industrial product and stylistic interaction. 2. The scientific construction mechanism of knowledge and expertise to the industrial designer can be the organization that operates the juxtaposition actor and moving in the structure of the fabric with Other cognitive knowledge. The study aimed to detection and identification knowledge for scientific knowledge and its relationship to technical transformation and their implications in the design of industrial products.And the study formed of four chapters, the first chapter is the research problem and its importance and its objectives and its borders and determine the terms. the second chapter contains on previous studies and theoretical framework , which included four sections. First section dealt with the aspects of philosophical scientific knowledge , and ensure the second section shifts the intellectual , philosophical and tracks applied , and the third section , entitled the concept of technical and its applications in the design , and the fourth section has dealt with the concept and awareness of modern aesthetic and the crux of this chapter, a set of indicators has dealt with Chapter III action research and methodology, as the researcher adopted a descriptive approach in the processof describing and analyzing models of the sample , while the Chapter IV describes the models and analyzed by form axes of analysis developed by the researcher , and the results and conclusions.Chapter four includes models described and analyzed by analysis axes form developed by the researcher, and the results and conclusions. the most important results that emerged from the study are as follows : 1. Diversity in the techniques of high - quality has contrebute in the devices used to distinguish according to specialties.2. the use of new materials in not used of industrial products with a new characteristics, helped achieve the concepts of reductionism and simplicity, durability and ease of use and the possibility of high composition.3. The presence of correlation between technique based on scientific knowledge and applications that have emerged in the experimental applications of industrial product which suited with the mechanics of the user, allowing him to a great deal of activities embodied in scientific knowledge and scientific applications.4. the Change in human behavior and activity through the interaction of functionality, which has contributed to the aesthetics and functionality of the product as a result of the employment of scientific knowledge and its implications, which appeared during the experimental applications. The most important conclusions that emerged from thestudy were : 1. The technologies evolve continuously invested scientific discoveries, and there is no doubt it is one of the effective means to overcome the problems facing the process of development in the industrial products , and this continuity in progress constitutes an important factor in the accumulation of knowledge, which in turn lead to progress and impressive innovation overall of human activities in those products. The technical evolution is an interconnected and connected to start one of them up where the other and in spite of the diversity of techniques between the equipment and the materials and information , but it all involved in creating the products of design will transfer industrial products from traditional character to the modern technical nature, which it need to integrate them , to systems more sophisticated , namely, ( Smart systems )2. The adoption of advanced scientific knowledge has been led to intellectual shifts in the designs of industrial products in terms of function and aesthetics, which gave the impression that intellectually to the role of knowledge in the development of the social life of the user.3. the scientific knowledge Contributed to improved in making changes to the concepts held by the industrial designer See Through accreditation and keep up with new technologies, and this will be achieved throgh the product which it has cognition communication between that and the user, and this is reflected in the designs of industrial product to suit the needs and functional requirements and aesthetic that fit with the taste of the user.4. That most of the techniques employed in contemporary designs of industrial products and its evolution, which is characterized by a technical Nanotechnology and technical tactile and digital technology and radiation, artificial intelligence and pooling of modern materials, which contributed to a change in systems of formal and functional designs in industrial products

جماليات توظيف برامجيات الحاسوب في سينوغرافيا العرض المسرحي == The Aesthetics of Employing Computer Softwares In The Scenography of Theatrical Show

اسم المؤلف: راوية جبار حسن

اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الرحمن الجبوري

الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون المسرحية - تقنيات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ان المسرح يعد حصيلة لتكامل النص مع الاداء الصوتي والحركي للممثلين ومدى انصهارهم مع المنظر والاضاءة والازياء، وهنا تظهر امكانية استخدام برامج الحاسوب في جزء من المنظر والمؤثرات الصوتية والضوئية وباستخدام تكنولوجيا العرض هذه مع بعض برامج الحاسوب مثل ( 3D G | The theater is considered as a product of text integration with voice and kinetic expression of the actors and their interaction with the scenery, lighting and costumes. Hence, we can find a possibility of using a computer in a part of the scene, sound and lightening effects. Using display technology by some computer programs such as (3D Graphics) and (Virtual Reality) can configure the sense of depth and different views that commensurate with the desired show. It is also characterized by dynamic capabilities which are not available in the traditional decor based methods. For example, dynamics allow making a change on the display elements with taking advantage of other video presentations to be an integral part of the background. The actual or real effects are to invest the non - final maximum energies for the PC in the creation of artwork tools and symbols, reproducing voice and image so that it its impact on viewers (sometimes) would exceeds the reality and beyond sometimes. The actual effectsoffer its tools to the computer user; would make it dive into an experience that is so close to reality. So the researcher has divided her research into four chapters : Chapter I - Research methodological framework : it includes the research problem, its importance, the need to it, its goals and limits. It ends with defining the following terms : (beauty, employment, software, computer, theatricalscene) Chapter II - it contains a theoretical framework for the research and previous studies, including four sections : First : the aesthetics of modern experiments in the formation of the scene. Second : technology and experimental trends.Third : the aesthetics of design by the computer (Digital Arts). Fourth : lighting devices used in modern theater. Finally, this chapter shows the indications that the theoretical framework ended up with.Chapter III : it includes the research procedures which the whole research was consisted of. It is limited to the Iraqi and Arabic theatrical performances. The samples of the research on the other hand were deliberately chosen by the researcher and for the following rationales : 1. The samples represent the research problem, its importance and its objectives. 2. The extent of disparity between the theatrical directors which the researcher has highlighted their scenes on a play that was embodied by their theatrical shows. 3. Archival sources of theater shows provide the sample of the research. Regarding the research methodology, the researcher has adopted the analytical approach in the presentation of theoretical framework, also adopted the descriptive approach in the presentation of samples brought by the whole research.As for the research tool, the researcher relied on the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework.The research samples are : 1. Adding Machine directed by (Ronald Wells)2. theatrical play (Play) directed by (Lance Jarafa)3. The use of technology in the play of (Othello) directed by (Salah Qasab).Chapter IV has included research results and conclusions, then the list of resources and supplements. Finally, it ends with an English abstract.

نظريات الاتصال الحديثة واسقاطاتها الفكرية على المنتج الصناعي == The Modern Communication Heories And Their Intellectual Impact On The Industrial Product

اسم المؤلف: جاسم احمد زيدان

اسم المشرف: شيماء عبد الجبار حميد العبيدي

الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: التصميم الصناعي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الفنون الجميلة - قسم التصميم

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Industrial design is regarded as an intellectual and cognitive product that is developed with accordance to the analytical awareness of man interpreting accordingly the external existence with the means of senses which human and other creature have. The senses are the window overlooking the external world and the environment. The form the beginning of mediation and observance and concentration and the formation of depictions which work according to the innovative imagining.Therefore the industrial design is regarded as one of the important pivots of the fine arts. These pivots revolve around the bases of how to convey meaning or the design of the idea to the users or the receivers in the clarity with hindrance to the understanding.The language of visual communication which scientific ad practical bases are formed according to the modern theories of communication. It is the language of modern communication of signs and relations are connected together. The modern theories of communication have offered developed system of communication to the user. But these face the problem of awareness and culture in the confrontation of the developed industrial products (multi - purpose digital devices) as means of communication in finding utilities.Upon the above, the researcher preferred to found the problem of his study through revealing the reflections which are formedby the modern theories of communication on the industrial product of the electronic device (Smart TV, Smart Camera, interactive board, Tablet PC, Smart phone).The study aims at the following : 1 - Investigating the modern theories of communication ad their intellectual impacts on the industrial product.2 - Analysis of sample of modern industrial products to know the effect the modern theories of communication in the development of product.In order to verify these objectives, the researcher founded a theoretical framework that tackles the philosophical backdrops to knowledge and communication and put the following (3) inquiries : First inquiry : The relationship between sensual visual realization and communication.Second inquiry : the modern theories of communication and their application fields.Third inquiry : the aesthetic thinking and its relations to the theories of communication and their impact on the industrial product.The researcher comes up with a number of indications which resulted from the theatrical framework depending I the design of the instrument which is the content analysis form of the industrial product specified in the sample.In order to determine the modern theories of communication that could be concord with the samples of the study, the researcher made a survey of the opinions of the experts in these theories. They referred to him to the theories of (McLuhan - Diffusion and innovation - selective effect - developmental technology).The research community was confined in the products of Samsung ad Sony institutions. The researcher chose a sample of (5) products after consulting the experts in the field of industrial design. The, these samples were analyzed according to the analysis form prepared for that purpose, which was subjected to the validity coefficient test by exposing them to the group of experts.Based on the analysis conducted for the sample, the researcher came up with a number of findings : 1) The structure of the sample was characterized by an apparent functional value and utilization which the user can touch and enjoy in their aesthetic function.2) The sample was characterized by digital products with aesthetic value especially in relation to the outside form of these products which contain attractive points emerging from the utilizing features for every type. This created a form of power in the taste.3) There is a clear reflection of the modern theories of communication on the functions of the industrial productsof sample in the functional and utilizing ad aesthetic aspects.The most important findings are the following : Upon these conclusions the researcher made a number of recommendations which are :

البنية التشكيلية لشكل الثور في النحت العراقي المعاصر == Plastic Structure of Ox Shape At The Contemporary Iraqi Sculpture

اسم المؤلف: منى يونس عبد الجبار يونس عبد الجبار الجنابي

اسم المشرف: محمود عجمي جاسم الكلابي

الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: النحت

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: This study deals with study of ( Plastic structure of OX shape at the Contemporary Iraqi scdlpture ) , it comprises Four Chapters , First Chapter to demonstrate the Study Problem , its significant , its necessary , its target , and determine most important idiomsmentioned at the study.the study Problem inciudes raise limited questions about these study , and answering to that questions through debate main subject that connect to effect of human being at ancient period which is appearin the modern Art action as atopic subject submitted ti study through embodiment in modern Iraqi sculpture actions , and it should be adopted for intellectual and artistic composition to identify its essential.second chapter ( theoretical framework )comprises three topics , first topic deals with the concept of structure , second chapter concern with Iraqi environment effect on composition of OX s shape by course of time on distant ages , third chapter concernsstructure of OXs shape at modern art. chapter three includes study approach , in which researcher review Research population and its sample selection in addition to research tool and its approach. chapter four Ends with research results , conclusions , recommendations , andsuggestions , some of the results that study reach are : - 1 - Add aesthetic value for art action that embodied of OXs shape which has the content that interject subjective and objective of expression through forming of shape till it reach to a limited manner which hold that value , in addition to the intellectual value.2 - It is possible to set a value evaluation that on the vision simples of the OXs shape that has a determinants that embody by external form which determine the simple value that the action refer to it in this manner or embodiment.3 - the vision formulation of OXs shape in some samples has a decorative composition dominated by the nature of old Iraqi traditions that has its own reflect influence on such a simple of contemporary Iraqi sculpture.4 - Some of the OXs shape has a subjectivity plastic composition that alters the shape construction an aesthetic value more than objective one.

اسم المؤلف: حيدر صاحب جبار

اسم المشرف: كاظم نوير كاظم الزبيدي

الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: التربية الفنية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية الفنون الجميلة - قسم التربية الفنية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تناول البحث : (الاصول الرمزية في رسوم پول كوكان) اربعة فصول، عرض في الفصل الاول الاطار المنهجي، من حيث مشكلة البحث التي حددت بالسؤال الاتي : (ما الاصول الرمزية في رسوم پول كوكان ؟)، مع بيان هدف البحث الذي كان (كشف الاصول الرمزية في رسوم پول كوكان) واهمي | This research : (Avatar Symbolic in Art work’s of Paul Gauguin) Vahtoy Find the four seasons meant the first chapter the methodological framework for the search evolved to includeboth research problem identified by asking the following : ( what assets Symbolic in Art work’s of Paul Gauguin ?) , As well as chapter contains the goal of research who was detected assets Disclosure of assets symbolic in Art work’s of Paul Gauguin) ) This research as well as chapter containsAnd identifies current research study ( Avatar Symbolic in Art work’s of Paul Gauguin) oily implemented in the years from 1881 to (1903 ), produced in France , and the islands of Tahiti.The second quarter included four topics in turn divided into several axes. Guarantees thefirst section (the icon in the human thought ) while taking second topic ( symbolism in thearts ) The third topic was interested in studying ( assets symbolism in modern painting ) withincludedSection four ( the life of Paul Gauguin ) The fifth topic handled (attributes of cash ,and the aesthetic in fees Gauguin ) , has concluded the second quarter review of thetheoretical framework of indicators to take advantage of them in the construction of the search tool and analyze appointed.The chapter contains a third search procedures , which included the research community and which consisted of ( 180 ), a work of art ( for (Paul Gauguin ) oil on Alcanvas , and sample amount (20 ), a work of art then search tool that has been built on the light of the indicators of the theoretical framework , where included tool axes assets Avatar which assets : (Mesopotamian , Pharaonic , Greek, Chinese , Japanese, Tahitian , religious , Jewish , classical , romantic ) , has been placed on the horizontal axis in the form of analysis , and then placed shapes Avatar Other, and configuration items , and after that offered the tool on a number of experts and specialists in the field of art education , and fine arts , to express their views in their validity , it has been modified form is deleted , and added some paragraphs of them and having gained the tool honesty ; became ready for application , the researcher : (conducted a stability of the tool through) (agreement between analysts external) Pthalilhma individually the content itself , on the basis of his followers the same steps , and analysis rules , and ( the agreement over time ) : Ptousel researcher to the same results after the decomposition of thesame content again after a certain period of time , and to follow the same rules and procedures in doing and the analysis.After the application of statistical methods by which included both (equation Cooper) to calculate the sincerity of the tool, and the percentage of agreement among the experts (83%) to acquire sincerity content after it gained honesty virtual, and equation (Scott) to calculate the stability of the tool, since the rate of stability in which the proportion(82.5%).The fourth chapter, has included the search results, and conclusions, and contained the search results, and conclusions as well as recommendations and suggestions, the researcher has reached to remember the basic results, including : 1. Formed religious symbols and their meanings obsession deep into the artist orientations of Sufism , and the Catholic associated with church , likening constant in Jesus Christ as , and pain and suffering , which made the orientations religious ecclesiastical , Christianity , Buddhism , and other religions constitute reference inherent in his paintings.2. Use ( Paul Gauguin ) Jewish symbols , and so out of Jewish influence on Europe in general and France in all special.3. Borrowed artist ( Paul Gauguin ) Some symbols mechanisms narrative Novelist , and the stories the old classic with inherited European necessitating thus symbols through flashbacks classic based on the laws stringent technical , but he borrowed , and added them a lot of symbolic nature , and expressive in order to give her a symbolic dimension somewhat different what brought him classical movement.The main findings were : 1. That influenced the artist ( Paul Gauguin ) arts ancient and primitive as it is found in European civilization which the grapes source of threat , and the destruction of self and fled , including searching for primitive life in places not reached European civilization , and to escape from the community who felt secession , and alienation with him because the community did not appreciate his talent.2. Arad, artist ( Paul Gauguin ) in his drawings Liberation Art of limitations generally accepted that left schools that preceded it , and the schools that the grapes try to find new ways , and symbols alternative inspired by the ancient civilizations of the flows into their art , and to convey movement Avatar horizons another that would make him , and his art immortality.As well as research has included : proven sources , and supplements , and a summary of research in English.