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تحضير وتشخيص معقدات جديدة مشتقة من حامض الفوليك مع مزيج من الليكاندات ودراسة فاعليتهم البايولوجية == SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NEW METAL COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM FOLIC ACID WITH MIXED LIGANDS AND STUDY THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

اسم المؤلف: ايمان ابراهيم عبد الكريم
اسم المشرف: احمد ثابت نعمان الجبوري | خالد فهد علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير ليكاند الديهايدي وليكندات مشتقة من حامض الفوليك نوع : - [H2L(1)] و[L(2)] و[L(4)], [L(3)]مع سلسلة جديدة من المعقدات الرباعية والخماسية السن المتشكلة من مزيج من الليكاندات بالتصعيد الحراري بوجود هيدروكسيد البوتاسيوم والميثانول وسطا لتفاعل ذات الصيغة : - R= 3 - aminoacetophenon, Istian, Aldehyde and Camphor(FO.) = Folic acid[H2L(1)] = [Potassium (E) - (4 - (((2 - ((1 - (3 - aminophenyl)ethylidene)amino) - 4 - oxo - 1,4 - dihydropteridin - 6 - yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl) - L - glutamate][L(2)] = [Potassium (Z) - (4 - (((4 - oxo - 2 - ((3 - oxoindolin - 2 - ylidene) amino) - 1, 4 - dihydropteridin - 6 - yl) methyl) amino)benzoyl) - L - glutamate][L(3)] = [Potassium(4 - (((2 - (((Z) - ((4S) - 6 - (benzoyloxy) - 2,2 - dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4 - d][1,3]dioxol - 4 - yl)methylene)amino) - 4 - oxo - 1,4 - dihydropteridin - 6 - yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl) - D - glutamate][L(4)] = [Potassium (4 - (((4 - oxo - 2 - (((E) - 1,7,7 - trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptan - 2 - ylidene)amino) - 1,4 - dihydropteridin - 6 - yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl) - D - glutamate]وتم تحضير الليكند الالديهايدي من اضافة سكر ال ( D - mannose ) الى لتر واحد من الاسيتون اللامائي المحمض بحامض الكبريتيك المركز, والراسب المتكون منه يذاب بالبريدين ثم يضاف له البنزوايل كلورايد وحامض الخليك المخفف80% للحصول على الدايول الذي يقطع بالصوديوم ايودايد للحصول على الالديهايد بالشكل التالي(Benzoic acid 6 - formyl - 2, 2 - dimethyl - tetrahydro - furo [3, 4 - d][1, 3] dioxol - 4 - yl ester).وهذا بدوره يفاعل مع مشتق لحامض الفوليك حسب قاعدة شف للحصول على الليكند الجديد نوع [L(3)]. ذو الصيغة تم تشخيص الليكاندات بوساطة التحليل الدقيق للعناصر(C.H.N) واطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء والاشعة فوق البنفسجية وطيف الكتلة ودرجة الانصهار والتوصيلية المولارية والTLC. تتفاعل الليكاندات المحضرة الرباعية والخماسية السن نوع : - )]) مع كل من Mn(II) , Co(II), Ni(II) Cu(II) Cr(III) Cd(II) بالتصعيد الحراري بالماء المقطر كمذيب لتعطي معقدات ذات الصيغة التالية : - [H2L(1)] يعطي معقدات بالصيغة التالية : - K3[M2(HL(1))(HA)2], (where M=Mn(II) and Cd(II)); and (HA)2 = 2 - aminophenol K3[M2(HL(1))(HA)2.H2O], (where M= Cu(II) , Ni(II) and Co(II); and K[Cr2(HL(1))(HA)2(H2O)3]. [L(2)] يعطي معقدات بالصيغة التالية : - (L(2)) to give complexes of the general formula K2[M2(L(2))(HA)2] where M= Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II); and [Cr2(L2)(HA)2.4H2O]. Where (HA)2 = 2 - aminophenol [L(3)] يعطي معقدات بالصيغة التالية : - (L(3)) to give complexes of the general formula K2[M2(L(3))(HA)2] (where M= Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)).Where (HA)2= (2 - aminophenol) [L(4)] يعطي معقدات بالصيغة التالية : - (L(4)) to give complexes of the general formula K2[M2(L(4))(HA)2] (where M= Mn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)) and [Cr2(L(4))(HA)2(H2O)4]. Where (HA)2 = (2 - aminophenol) شخصت المعقدات اعلاه بوساطة التحليل الدقيق للعناصر (C.H.N) والامتصاص الذري (A.A) والرنين النووي المغناطيسي 1H - NMR والكاربون 13C - NMR واطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء والاشعة فوق البنفسجية والمرئية وقياسات التوصيلية الكهربائية اضافة الى دراسة الحساسية المغناطيسية للمركبات المحضرة ودرجة الانصهار مع الفعالية البايولوجية وال TLC. كما بينت اطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء فقدان للمجموعة الامينية والاستعاضة عنها بالاصرة المزدوجة بين النايتروجين والكاربون دليلا على حدوث تفاعل قاعدة شف عند تناسق مشتق الفوليك مع ليكاندات محتوية على مجموع كاربونيلية والديهايدية قابلة للتفاعل مع المجموعة الامينية لمشتق الفوليك. وبذلك تسللك المعقدات الجديدة سلوك مانح رباعي وخماسي عند تناسق الليكاندات نوع [H2L(1)] , [L(2)], [L(3)] and [L(4)] مع العناصر (MnII) , (CoII) , (NiII) , (CuII) , (CrIII) and (CdII)ولقد استخدمت اطياف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية وقياسات الحساسية المغناطيسية للمعقدات لدراسة التوزيع الفضائي لليكاندات مع ايونات الفلزات والاستدلال على الشكل الفضائي لها.والليكاندات المتفاعلة مع المشتق المذكور هي : - (3 - Aminoacetophenone, Isatin, Aldehyde, Camphor and 2 - Aminophenol)وعند تفاعلها معه تحولت الى الصيغ التالية : - FO. - 3 - aminoacetophenone [H2L(1)] FO. - Isatin [L(2)] FO. - aldehyde [L(3)] FO. - camphor [L(4)] من خلال ما تقدم فان الشكل الفضائي المتوقع للمعقدات المحضرة هي كما يلي : - 1 - الاشكال الفراغية المتوقعة لمعقدات الليكاند [H2L(1)]الشكل الفراغي المتوقع لمعقد المنغنيز(II) والكادميوم (II) هو رباعي السطوح ذو الصيغة التركيبية العامة : - ا - K3[M2(HL(1))(HA)2] حيث ان : - M= Cd(II) and Mn(II) [H2L(1)] = [Folic acid+3 - Aminoacetophenone](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)ب - الشكل الفراغي المتوقع لمعقد الكوبلت (II) والنحاس(II) والنيكل(II) هو ثلاثي الهرم مثلث القاعدة ذو الصيغ التركيبية العامة : - K3[M2(HL(1))(HA)2.H2O][H2L(1)]= [Folic acid + 3 - aminoacetophenone](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)جـ - الشكل الفراغي المتوقع لمعقد الكروم (III) هو ثماني السطوح المنتظم وتكون مجموعتا الماء فيه مرتبطة بالذرة المركزية بشكل متقابل (trans) حسب الصيغة التركيبية التالحيث ان : - M= Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) , Cu (II) and Cd(II)[L(2)] = [Folic acid + Isatin](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)ب - الشكل الفراغي المتوقع لمعقد الكروم (III) هو ثماني السطوح المنتظم وتكون مجموعتا الماء فيه مرتبطة بالذرة المركزية بشكل (trans) بالصيغة التركيبية التالية : - [Cr2(L(2))(HA)2.4H2O]حيث ان : - [L(2)]= [Folic acid + Isatin](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)3 - الاشكال الفراغية المتوقعة لمعقدات الليكاند [L(3)] ا - الشكل الفراغي المتوقع لمعقد الكوبلت (II) والنحاس(II) والنيكل(II) والكادميوم(II) هو رباعي السطوح ذو الصيغة التركيبية العامة : - K2[M2(L(3))(HA)2]حيث ان : - M= Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Co(II) and Cd(II)[L(3)] = [Folic acid + aldehyde](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)4 - الاشكال الفراغية المتوقعة لمعقدات الليكاند [L(4)] ا - الشكل الفراغي المتوقع لمعقد الكوبلت (II) والنيكل (II) والنحاس (II) والمنغنيز (II) والكادميوم (II) هو رباعي السطوح ذو الصيغة التركيبية العامةK2[M2(L(4))(HA)2] K2[M2(L(4))(HA)2]حيث ان : - M= Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Co(II) Mn(II) and Cd(II)[L(4)] = [Folic acid + camphor](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)ب‌ - الشكل الفراغي المتوقع لمعقد الكروم (III) هو ثماني السطوح المنتظم ذو الصيغة التركيبية التالية : - [Cr2(L(4))(HA)2.4H2O] | In the course of this study a new aldehyde ligand, a new derivative folic acid ligand type ([H2L(1)], [L(2)], [L(3)] and [L(4)]) and their (tetradentat and pentadentat) complexes, have been prepared, from the reaction of folic acid with appropriate ligands under reflux in methanol in the presence of KOH resulted in the ligands of the general formula : - Where : - R= (3 - aminoacetophenon), (Istian), (Aldehyde(compound A)) and (Camphor) [H2L(1)] = [Potassium (E) - (4 - (((2 - ((1 - (3 - aminophenyl)ethylidene)amino) - 4 - oxo - 1,4 - dihydropteridin - 6 - yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl) - L - glutamate][L(2)] = [Potassium (Z) - (4 - (((4 - oxo - 2 - ((3 - oxoindolin - 2 - ylidene) amino) - 1, 4 - dihydropteridin - 6 - yl) methyl) amino)benzoyl) - L - glutamate][L(3)] = [Potassium(4 - (((2 - (((Z) - ((4S) - 6 - (benzoyloxy) - 2,2 - dimethyltetrahydrofuro[3,4 - d][1,3]dioxol - 4 - yl)methylene)amino) - 4 - oxo - 1,4 - dihydropteridin - 6 - yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl) - D - glutamate][L(4)] = [Potassium (4 - (((4 - oxo - 2 - (((E) - 1,7,7 - trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptan - 2 - ylidene)amino) - 1,4 - dihydropteridin - 6 - yl)methyl)amino) benzoyl) - D - glutamate]The aldehyde (compound A) have been prepared from the addition of D - mannose sugar to acidified acetone anhydrous (1L) with concentrated H2SO4 , and the precipitate will be dissolved in pyridine , then benzoyl chloride and dilute acetic acid 80% will be add to obtain the diol which must be cut by sodium periodate to convert to aldehyde as in the figure below. Benzoic acid 6 - formyl - 2, 2 - dimethyl - tetrahydro - furo [3, 4 - d][1, 3] dioxol - 4 - yl ester). (Compound A) was reacted with folic acid derivatives through Schiff base reaction to obtain a new ligand type [L(3)] of the general formula : - These ligands have been characterized by elemental analysis CHN, (FT - I. R.), (U.V. - Vis), E.S - mass spectroscopy, molar conductance and melting point, in addition biological activity. The tetradentate and pentadentate ([H2L(1)], [L(2)], [L(3)] and [L(4)]) new ligands were reacted with some metal ions, Mn(II) , Co(II), Ni(II) Cu(II) Cr(III) and Cd(II) at reflux in distilled water, to give a complexes in the general formula : - 1 - (H2L(1)) to give complexes of the general formula : - K3[M2(HL(1))(HA)2], (where M=Mn(II) and Cd(II)); and (HA)2 = 2 - aminophenol K3[M2(HL(1))(HA)2.H2O], (where M= Cu(II) , Ni(II) and Co(II); and K[Cr2(HL(1))(HA)2(H2O)3]. 2 - (L(2)) to give complexes of the general formula K2[M2(L(2))(HA)2] where M= Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II); and [Cr2(L2)(HA)2.4H2O]. Where (HA)2 = 2 - aminophenol 3 - (L(3)) to give complexes of the general formula K2[M2(L(3))(HA)2] (where M= Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)).Where (HA)2= (2 - aminophenol) 4 - (L(4)) to give complexes of the general formula K2[M2(L(4))(HA)2] (where M= Mn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)) and [Cr2(L(4))(HA)2(H2O)4]. Where (HA)2 = (2 - aminophenol) These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis CHN, (FT - I.R.), (U.V. - Vis), 1H,13C - NMR, spectroscopy, molar conductance magnetic moment measurements and melting point and biological activity. The (I.R.) spectra of the complexes show that the ligands behave as mononegative , dinegative and neutral with Mn(II), Co(II) , Ni(II), Cr(III), Cu(II) and Cd (II) ion complexes for the ligands ([H2L(1)], [L(2)], [L(3)] and [L(4)]), respectively. This is presumably due to the mixed ligands with different substituted active atoms The (U.V - Vis.) spectra and magnetic moment measurements of the ligands and their complexes were studied in order to elucidate the spatial arrangements of the ligands around the metal ion of the general formula : - [H2L(1)] FO. - 3 - aminoacetophenone [L(2)] FO. - isatin [L(3)] FO. - aldehyde [L(4)] FO. - camphor Where Fo.= Folic acid 1 - The proposed structure for [H2L(1)] complexes.A - Tetrahedral structure is proposed for, Mn(II) and Cd(II) metal complex of the general formula : - K3[M2(HL(1))(HA)2]Where : - M= Cd(II) and Mn(II)[H2L(1)] = [Folic acid + 3 - aminoacetophenone](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)B - Trigonal bipyramidal structure is proposed for Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) metal complex of the general formulaC - Octahedral structure is proposed for Cr(III) metal complex, and the two water molecules are trans to each other, of the general formula : - K[Cr2(HL(1))(HA)2.3H2O] Where : - [H2L(1)]= [Folic acid + 3 - aminoacetophenone](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)2 - The proposed structure for [L(2)] complexes.A - Tetrahedral structure is proposed for, Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) metal complex of the general formula : - A)2 = (2 - aminophenole)B - Octahedral structure is proposed for Cr(III) metal complex and the two water molecules are trans to each other of the general formula : - [Cr2(L(2))(HA)2.4H2O] Where : - [L(2)]= [Folic acid + Isatin](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)3 - The proposed structure for [L(3)] complexesA - Tetrahedral structure is proposed for, Ni (II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes of the general formula : - K2[M2(L(3))(HA)2]M= Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) ,Cu(II) and Cd(II)[L(2)] = [Folic acid + Isatin]4 - The proposed structure for [L(4)] complexesA - Tetrahedral structure is proposed for, Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Co(II) Mn(II) and Cd(II) metal complex of the general formula : - K2[M2(L(4))(HA)2]Where : - M= Ni (II) , Cu(II) , Co(II) Mn(II) and Cd(II)[L(4)] = [Folic acid + camphor](HA)2 = (2 - aminophenole)B - Octahedral structure is proposed for Cr(III) metal complex and the two water molecules are trans to each other of the general formula : - [Cr2(L(4))(HA)2.4H2O]

تحضير وتشخيص مونمرات وبوليمرات حلقية غير متجانسة حيويه جديده مع دراسة فعاليتها البايلوجية == Synthesis and Characterization of new Heterocyclic monomers and polymers vitality With Studying Biological Activity

اسم المؤلف: انتصار يحيى محمد
اسم المشرف: ابتسام خليفة جاسم | هلال مسعود عبد الله
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتضمن موضوع البحث تحضير مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة خماسية (بايرزول وتترازول وثايازولدين), سداسيه (بيريميدين) وسباعيه ملتحمة (اوكسازبين) والتي استخدمت كمونمرات لتحضير العديد من البوليمرات. الجزء الاول هذا الجزء يتضمن تحضير الجالكونات والتي تم تحضيرها من تفاعل الاسيتوفينون او معوضاته مع الدهايد اروماتي . هذه الجالكونات استخدمت كماده رئيسيه لتحضير مركبات حلقيه غير متجانسه بما فيها ( خماسيه وسداسيه وسباعيه ) وذلك من تفاعله مع ]الهيدرازين ، سمي كاربازايد ، فنيل هيدرازين ، 2’4 ثنائي نايترو فنيل هيدرازين ، يوريا ، ثايوريا - - - - - - الخ [وكما يلي \ الجزء الثاني هذا الجزء يتضمن تفاعل المركبات الحلقيه الغير متجانسه مع (كلوريد الحامض) كلوريد السينامويل وكلوريد الاكريلويل وذلك لتحضير مونمرات احاديه الطرف ، ومن ثم يتم بلمرتها مع بيروكسيد البنزويل بوجود ال [THF] للحصول على بوليمرات جديده وكما مبين \ الجزء الثالث يحتوي هذا الجزء تحضير بوليمرات جديده من خلال تفاعل المشتقات الحلقيه الغير متجانسه مع كلوريد الحامض (كلوريد الاديبويل وكلوريد الجلوترويل) وكما مبين \ الجزء الرابع هذا الجزء يتضمن تحضير تترازول ، ثايازولدين واوكسازبين حلقات مشتقه من تحلق قواعد شف المحضره من التريفثال مع امين اولي (4. امينو فينول) ،هذه القواعد يتم مفاعلتها مع كلا من ازايد الصوديوم ، حامض كلايكول الثايول وانهدريد الفثالك على التوالي وكما مبين \ الجزء الخامس يحتوي هذا الجزء تحضير بوليمرات جديده من خلال تفاعل المشتقات الحلقيه الغير متجانسه المشتقه من قواعد شف مع كلوريد الحامض (كلوريد الاديبويل وكلوريد الجلوترويل) وكما مبين \ * شخصت (المونمرات والبوليمرات) المحضرة باستخدام مطيافية FT.IR وUV/Vis و1HNMR وCHN كما قيست درجات انصهارها.*درست اللزوجة والصفات الحرارية لبعض البوليمرات المحضرة.*كما تم تقييم الفعالية الحيوية لبعض البوليمرات المحضرة لتحديد امكانية استخدامها كمركبات ذات تطبيقات طبية. | This work involves synthesis of different five (pyrazol, Tetrazole, Thiazolidine), six (pyrimidine) and fused seven (oxazpine) member heterocyclic rings which used as a monomers for preparing many different polymers. Frist part \ Scheme - 1 - This part involves the synthesis of chalcones. This prepared from the reaction of acetophenone or substituted with aromatic aldehyde. These chalcones are used as starting materials to prepare another kind of heterocyclic compounds including five, six and seven membered heterocyclic rings from react with [NH2.NH2, NH2CONHNH2, PhNHNH2, 2.4(NO2)2PhNHNH2, (NH2)2CO, (NH2)2CS, - - - - - - - - - etc, to get the heterocyclic compounds as shown below/ Second part \ Scheme - 2 - This part includes react heterocyclic compounds with cinnamoyl chloride and acryloyl chloride to get monomers one side, and then polymerization of these monomers with benzoyl peroxide in [THF] to get polymers as shown below \ Third part \ Scheme - 3 - This part contains the preparation of new polymers through the reaction of heterocyclic derivatives as monomers with adipoyl , glutaroyl chloride to get polymers as shown below \ Fourth part \ Scheme - 4 - This part includes the synthesis of Tetrazole, thiazolidin and oxazepine rings derived from the cyclization of Schiff bases of terephthaldehyde with primary amines (P.amino phenol) and then treatment, these Schiff bases react with sodium azide, thio glycolic acid and phthalic anhydride respectively as shown below \ Fifth part \ Scheme - 5 - This part contains the preparation of new polymers through the reaction of rings derivatives from Schiff bases as monomers with adipoyl, glutaroyl chloride to get polymers as shown below The new prepared derivatives (monomers and polymers) were characterized through the CHN, FT.IR, 1HNMR, UV/Vis spectroscopy; the melting points were recorded and checked by T.L.C. *The viscosity, X - Ray and thermal analysis (for some of them) were studied. *Also, the biological activity for some of the prepared compounds was evaluated to recognize if these compounds will have medical application

سلوك الانتفاخ وتحرر الدواء للبولي (فاينيل الكحول) المتشابك عرضيا == Swelling behavior and drug release of cross - linked Poly (Vinyl alcohol)

اسم المؤلف: اديبة خيون امين
اسم المشرف: فاضل سليم متي | مها طاهر سلطان
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان البوليمرات الهلامية متراكبة من بولي فاينيل الكحول والديهايد وحامض متعدد الاكريلك حضرت حراريا لغرض دراسة ظاهرة الانتفاخ وسلوكها تجاه تحرير الدواء .النماذج المحضرة تختلف بالعوامل المستخدمة في التشابك ونسب التشابك كالاتي .1 - PVA (M.wt 72000) +GA ( 5% , 8% and 10%) 2 - PVA (M.wt 72000) +PAA (5% ,8% and 10%) ان التركيب الكيميائي ل PVA المتشابك الهلامي وال PVA الخطي تم تشخيصه بواسطة طيف FTIR حيث اثبتت النتائج تكون تشابكات بين مجاميع الهيدروكسيل PVA والمجاميع الفعالة لعوامل التشابك.وقد تم قياس نسب الانتفاخ لجميع النماذج الهلامية عند درجة °C 37 في ثلاث اوساط مختلفة ال pH والتي هي (1.2 , 4.7 , 6.8 ) كدالة للزمن. كانت اعلى نسب الانتفاخ على الترتيب الاتي : PVA/PAA> PVA/GAوتم ملاحظة ان درجة الانتفاخ لهلاميات PVA المتشابكة تعتمد على قيمة pH لمحاليل بفرالمنظمة.وتم دراسة تاثير قيمة pH على نسب الانتفاخ في جميع التراكيب الهلامية ووجد من النتائج ان اعلى نسبة الانتفاخ كانت حسب الترتيب الاتي . pH = 6.8 > pH =4.7 > pH= 1.2ولوحظ هناك حساسية ملحوظة لهلاميات PVA المتشابكة لمدى الانتفاخ مع قيم pH للمحاليل حيث ان عند قيمة pH 6.8 يكون اعلى انتفاخية وبالعكس عند قيمة pH 1.2 يكون لها اقل انتفاخية .تم مزج الدواء KET مع المحاليل البوليميرية بوجود عامل التشابك وتم ضافة المزيج الى وسط عملية البلمرة وتم قياس تركيز KET المتحرر باستخدام مطياف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية المرئية برسم منحني المعايرة الخطية باستخدام طريقة التخفيف المتعاقب للمادة القياسية للدواء ثم عمل منحني المعايرة الخطية بين الامتصاصية والتركيز لغرض تسقيط النتائج العملية على منحني المعايرة الخطي لاستخراج تركيز الدواء المتحرر من البوليمر كل 10 دقيقة وكانت حدود الكشف الدنيا المستخدمة لنموذج الدواء في البحث هي(5 - 55)mg.L - 1 وكان الطول الموجي الامثل 300 نانوميتر .تم ايضا دراسة سرعة تحرر الدواء (KET) المحمل على البوليمرات الهلامية في ثلاثة اوساط مختلفة ل pH (1.2 , 4.7, 6.8 ) عند درجة حرارة °C 37 كدالة للزمن .حيث اظهرت النتائج ان نسب التحرير للدواء تكون على الترتيب الاتي PVA /PAA(5%)> PVA/GA(5%)ومن ثم تمت دراسة تاثير الدالة الحامضية pH على سرعة تحرر الدواء ومن النتائج وجد ان اعلى سرعة تحرر الدواء كانت على الترتيب الاتي pH =(6.8) > pH =(4.7) > pH (1.2 | The polymeric hydrogels composed of poly vinyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde , poly acrylic have been thermally prepared for the purpose of studying their swelling and drug release behavior . The samples differ in crosslinking agents and crosslinking ratio : as the following : - 1 - PVA ( M.wt 72000)+ GA (5%,8% and 10%) .2 - PVA ( M.wt 72000)+ PAA(5%,8% and 10%). The chemical structure of cross - linked PVA hydrogel as well as linear PVA was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and conclusions on the formation of the crosslinks between hydroxyl groups of PVA and function groups of crosslinking agents. The swelling ratio was measured for all the hydrogel samples at 37°C, in three different media pH (1.2,4.7 and 6.8) as a function of time, the samples involving the highest swelling ratio were arranged as follows : PVA / PAA (5% ) > PVA / GA (5% ) It was observed that the swelling degree cross linked PVA hydrogels depend on pH on of buffer solution . The effect of pH on swelling ratio was also studied for all the hydrogel structures , the results show that the maximum swelling ratio was arranged as follows : pH =6.8 > pH =4.7 > pH =1.2 hydrogels cross linked PVA showed a typical pH responsive behavior such as high pH has maximum swelling while low pH shows minimum swelling. The drug Ketotifen hydrogen fumarate was mixed with polymer solutions crosslinking agent and mixture was added to the polymerization medium .The concentration of ( KET) released was measured by UV spectrophotometer. A calibration curve between absorbance and concentration was constructed to show the linearity by using serial dilution method from stock solution of pure drug .The concentration of release was calculated by extrapolation of the result on the calibration curve every 10 min . The detection limit for (KET) was minimum used (5 - 55) mg.L - 1 wave length at 300 nm . The drug release from the (KET) loaded hydrogel was studied in three different medias pH (1.2 ,4.7 and 6.8) at 37°C as a function of time .The results show that the samples involving the highest release of drug were arranged as follows : PVA / PAA (5%) > PVA / GA (5%) . The effect of pH on release of drug was also studied for all samples. The result shows the maximum release of drug was arranged as follows pH =(6.8)> pH =4.7 > pH =(1.2)

تخليق (بدون مذيب بوعاء واحد مكونات متعددة) لبعض مشتقات 2 - معوض - 3 - سيانو بريدين ودراسة خواصها البايولوجية وفعاليتها == Solvent - Free One - Pot Multicomponent, Synthesis, Characterization and Anti - bacterial activity, of some 2 - substituted - 3 - cyano - Pyridine Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: احمد خميس ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: زكريا هادي ايوب | منى سمير سعيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: التفاعلات العضوية بدون مذيب لمكونات متعددة وبمرحلة واحدة ٬ هي طرق ممنهجة مهمة في تخليق مدى واسع من المركبات العضوية ذات التاثيرات البايلوجية والصيدلانية ٬ بالاضافة الى ان العديد من مشتقات البريدين وجدت كمركبات عضوية مهمة لانها تظهر سلوكا بايلوجيا وصيدلانيا . لهذا الغرض وفي بحثنا هذا استخدمنا التسخين المباشر بدون مذيب في تفاعل تكاثف كطريقة جديدة لتخليق مشتقات للبريدين بمعوضات محدودة ٬ مثل 2 - اوكسو - 3 - سيانو - 4 - فنيل معوض - 6 - فنيل بريدين a - h[I] ٬ 2 - امينو - 3 - سيانو - 4 - فنيل معوض - 6 - فنيل بريدين a - f[II] ٬ 2 - ثايوكسو - 3 - سيانو - 4 - فنيل معوض - 6 - فنيل بريدين a - c[III] وفحص الفعالية البايلوجية لهذه المركبات على خمسة انواع من البكتريا بالمقارنة مع الفعالية البايلوجية لمركبات حيوية مثل الامبيسلين ٬ الاموكسيسلين ٬ اللنكومايسين .اولا : يتكاثف الاسيتوفينون والبنزلدهايد المعوض مع خلات الايثايل سيانو وخلات الامونيوم بالتسخين المباشر وبدون مذيب عند درجة 140 م5 وباقل من خمسة عشر دقيقة اعطت المركبات التاية 2 - اوكسو - 3 - سيانو - 4 - فنيل معوض - 6 - فنيل بريدين a - h[I] . شخصت هذه المركبات من خلال درجات انصهارها ٬ تحليل العناصرالدقيق واطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء والرنين النووي المغناطيسي . بينما تكاثف الاسيتوفينون والبنزلدهايد المعوض مع المالونونايتريل وخلات الامونيوم بالتسخين المباشر وبدون مذيب عند درجة 140 م5 وباقل من عشرين دقيقة اعطت المركبات التاية 2 - امينو - 3 - سيانو - 4 - فنيل معوض - 6 - فنيل بريدين a - h[II] شخصت هذه المركبات من خلال درجات انصهارها ٬ تحليل العناصرالدقيق واطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء والرنين النووي المغناطيسي .ثانيا : عند معاملة المركبات المحضرة كما في اولا a - c[I] مع خامس كبريتيد الفسفور(P2S5) في مذيب البريدين بالتصعيد اعطى المركبات 2 - ثايوكسو - 3 - سيانو - 4 - فنيل معوض - 6 - فنيل بريدين a - c[III] شخصت هذه المركبات من خلال درجات انصهارها ٬ تحليل العناصر الدقيق واطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء والرنين النووي المغناطيسي .ثالثا : فحصت الفعالية البايلوجية للمركبات المحضرة اعلاه a - c[I] , a - c[II] , a - c[III] على خمسة انواع من البكتريا هي : Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis ,Bacillus subtilis and Staphylo coccus aureus. بالمقارنة مع فعاية مضادات حيوية معروفة هي ampicillin, amoxicillin , lincomycine وكانت النتائج ان المركبات a - c[III] تمتلك فعالية بايلوجية اكبر من الفعالية البايلوجية للمركبات a - c[I] , a - c[II] على التوالي . | Solvent - free multicomponat reaction is an important methodology for synthesis of a broad spectrum of biological and pharmaceutical organic compounds, as well as many pyridine derivatives were found to be an important organic compounds showed biological and pharmaceutical behavior .For this purpose, in this present work we use solvent - free thermal heating condensation reaction as a new method for synthesis of certain substituted pyridine derivative, like 2 - oxo - 3 - cyano - 4 - (x′ - substituted phenyl) - 6 - phenyl(2H)pyridine]I[ a - h , 2 - amino - 3 - cyano - 4(x′ substituted phenyl) - 6 - phenylpyridine]II[ a - f and 2 - thioxo - 3 - cyano - 4 - (x′ - substituted phenyl) - 6 - phenyl(2H)pyridine]III[ a - c derivatives, and to examines their antibacterial activities agents five types of bacterial, in comparison to well - known antibiotic, like ampicillin, amoxicillin and lincomycine activities .First : Solvent - free thermal condensation of acetophenone, substituted benzaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate and amounium acetate at 140 oC for less than fifteen - minute give 2 - oxo - 3 - cyano - 4 - (x′ - substituted phenyl) - 6 - phenyl(2H)pyridine derivatives]I[ a - h , characterized by it’s melting point, elemental analysis, FTIR and 1HNMR - spectrum . While, solvent - free thermal condensation of acetophenone, substituted benzaldehyde with malononitrle and ammonium acetate at 140 oC for less than twenty - minute give 2 - amino - 3 - cyano - 4(x′ substituted phenyl) - 6 - phenylpyridine]II[ a - f characterized by its melting point, elemental analysis, FTIR and 1HNMR - spectrum . Second : Treatment some of synthesized 2 - oxo - 3 - cyano - 4 - (x′ - substituted phenyl) - 6 - phenyl(2H)pyridine]I[ a - c , with phosphorus penta sulphide (P2S5 ) in refluxing pyridine , give 2 - thioxo - 3 - cyano - 4 - (x′ - substituted phenyl) - 6 - phenyl(2H)pyridine derivatives]III[ a - c characterized by its melting point, elemental analysis, FTIR and 1HNMR - spectrum .Third : Antibacterial activities of compounds]I[ a - c , ]II[ a - c and ]III[ a - c , were examined agenst five pathogenic species P. aeruginosa, E. coli, P. mirabilis , B. subtilisand S. aureus , in comparison to well - known antibiotic, like ampicillin, amoxicillin and lincomycine activities . The result showed compounds ]III[ a - c are more antibacterial activates than ]I[ a - c and ]II[ a - c respectively .

دراسة مقارنة للانترلوكين - 36 , ? بارا اوكسينيز PON1 وبعض المتغيرات خلال العلاج وتعاطي الميتفورمين لدى مريضات متلازمة تكيس المبايض العراقيات == Comparative Study of Interleukin - 36 ?, Paraoxonase 1 and Some Parameters Depending on Duration and Supplement Metformin for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in Iraqi Patients

اسم المؤلف: ابتسام كريم محيسن
اسم المشرف: زهير ابراهيم المشهداني | بشرى حميد علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء السريرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: متلازمة تكيس المبايض PCOS هو اضطراب غير متجانس في ضعف التبويض. يؤثربنسبة 6 - 10٪ عند النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض خلال سن الانجاب وتشخص الانماط الظاهرية له من خلال ضعف الاباضة زيادة الهرمونات الاندروجينية وتكيس المبايض . تعاني المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض من ارتفاع في مخاطر الاصابة بامراض القلب التاجية بسبب وضع مستوى الدهون الغيرطبيعي في الدم ، ومقاومة الانسولين IR والسمنة . والالتهابات المزمنة والتي ترتبط مع اعراض مقاومة الانسولين وتعتبر هذه الدراسة اول محاولة لتسليط الضوء على بعض العلامات المناعية البيولوجية الجديدة مثل الانترليوكين - 36 كاما عند المريضات المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض, شملت الدراسة الحالية 75 امراة مع متلازمة تكيس المبايض بعمر يتراوح ما بين (18 - 36) سنة، جميع المريضات الذين شاركوا في هذه الدراسة من مستشفى الصدر التعليمي ومستشفى الزهراوي من محافظة ميسان في العراق خلال تموز 2013 الى كانون الاول 2013. تم تقسيم المريضات الى ثلاث مجموعات اعتمادا على مدة الاصابة بمتلازمة تكيس الميايض المجموعة الاولى (G2) تتالف من25 مريضا تم تشخيصها حديثا بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض (بدون العلاج)، وتالفت المجموعة الثانية (G3) من 25مريضة مع المدة من 12 شهرا الى 24 شهرا بعد اخذ علاج الميتفورمين. وتتكون المجموعة الثالثة (G4) من 25 مريضة من 24 شهرا الى 48 شهرا بعد اخذ علاج الميتفورمين، في حين تتكون المجموعة، الضابطة G1من 25 امراة تتراوح اعمارهن من (18 - 36) سنة. شملت الدراسة الحالية الاجزاء التالية : اولا تحديد γ IL - 36 في المريضات اللاتي يعانن من متلازمة تكيس المبايض ثانيا تحديد بعض القياسات الكيمياوية معدل كتلة الجسم ونسبة الخصر الى الورك وجزء الالتهابات المناعية تالفت من IL - 36 γ, عامل النخر الورمي TNF - α الغلوبولينات المناعيه A,G,M وحامض السياليك والدهون, والهرمونات مثل الهرمون الملوتن , والهرمون المحفز للجريبات , التوستوستيرون ,البرولاكتين, الايستروجين والبروجستيرون . اظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة ان المرضى الذين يعانون من متلازمة تكيس المبايض يكون الانسولين مرتفع بشكل كبيروكذلك ,HOMA - IR، γ IL - 36، عامل النخر الورمي TNF - α ، الغلوبولينات المناعيه A,G,M،حامض السياليك ووالليوتينازك هرمون ونسبة الليوتينازنك /هرمن المحفز للجريبات والتوستوستيرون ,البرولاكتين, الايستروجين ,البروجستيرون ,الكولستيرول ,الدهون الثلاثية ,البروتينات الدهنية الواطئة الكثافة جدا مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة، في حين اظهرت نتائج المتغيرات الاخرى انخفاضا كبيرا في QUICKI، الهرمون المحفز للجريبات والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة ، ونسبة البروتينات الدهنية الواطئة الكثافة /البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة ،الباروكسنيز 1 PON1 , والسيريولابلازمين CP مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة. تبين من نتائج هذه الدراسة مايلي : *يعد الانترليوكين - 36 كاما سايتوكينا جديد يسبب الاصابة بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض، وتبين لنا ارتفاع عالي جدا بتركيز IL - 36 γ في امصال المريضات مع متلازمة تكيس المبايض .*ارتفاع معنوي في حامض السياليك لمريضات تكيس المبايض. *ارتفاع معنوي عالي بعامل النخر الورمي الفا TNFα. *انخفاض معنوي بالباروكسنيز1PON1 والسيريولوبلازمينCP . | Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder in ovulatory dysfunction. PCOS affects 6 - 10% of women during their reproductive life .Its complete phenotype is manifested by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries .Patients with PCOS are in the high risk group for coronary heart disease because of their abnormal lipid profile, insulin resistance IR and obesity .Chronic inflammation has been linked to insulin resistance syndrome. This study is considered first attempt to shed light on some of novel immunological biomarker inflammatory like interleukin - 36 γ IL - 36 γ, the present study involved 75 women with PCOS with age range between (18 - 36) years, all patients from AL - Sadder Teaching Hospital and AL - Zahrawi Hospital in Governorate of Messan from July 2013 to December 2013. The present study involved 100 women divided in four groups (25) women as group (G1) healthy with age ranged from (18 - 24) years and 75 women with PCOS, the patients were divided into three groups depending on duration of PCOS group (G2) consisted of 25 patients newly diagnosed PCOS patients (without treatment), the second group (G3) consisted of 25 patients with duration from 12 months to 24 months were treated with metformin drug. Third group (G4) consist of 25 patients from 24 months to 48 months duration were treated with metformin. The present study involved the following parts; firstly determination the interleukin - 36γ IL - 36 γ in patients with PCOS. Secondly determine some biochemical parameters, body mass index BMI and waist to hip ratio WHR, immunological/ inflammatory consisted of (IL - 36 γ, tumor necrosis factor - α TNF - α, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G and sialic acid SA ). Anti - oxidant paraoxonase 1 and cerluplasmin (PON1, CP), lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride TG, high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL - c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL - c, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL - c) and hormone profile (follicle stimulating hormone FSH, luteizing hormone LH, prolactin PRL, testosterone Test, estrogen E2 , progesterone Prog). Results of this study demonstrated the patients with PCOS have highly significant elevated insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance HOMA - IR, IL36 γ, TNF - α, IgA, IgG, IgM, SA, LH, LH/FSH ratio, Test, PRL, E2, Prog, cholesterol, TG, VLDL - c compared to control group, while the results of other parameter showed significant decrease in Quantitive Insulin Sensitivity Check Index QUICKI, FSH, HDL - c, LDL/HDL, PON1 and CP compared to control group. From this study we have a conclusion. As stated by the results of this study the following are concluded.* IL - 36 γ as a novel cytokine led to etiology of PCOS, this study show highly significant increase of IL - 36 γ concentration in sera of patients with PCOS.* Elevated significant for SA in PCOS patients.* Increased highly significant for TNF - α.* Significant decrease in PON1 and CP compared to control group.

التقدير الطيفي لايون النحاس بوساطة الطريقة المباشرة وغير المباشرة بنقطة الغيمة باستخدام الحامض الامينيي الميثيونين == Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper Ion by Direct Method and Indirect Cloud Point Using the Amino Acid Methionine

اسم المؤلف: اسماء نهاد زكي
اسم المشرف: رافع قدوري عطيوي | سمية محمد عباس
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تشمل هذه الدراسة طريقتين مهمتين في التطبيق التحليلي لتعيين وفصل واغناء ايون النحاس الثنائي بطريقة نقطة الغيمة والطريقة الطيفية وذلك باستخدام مطياف الاشعة الفوق البنفسجية - المرئية. في الجزء الاول : تم استخدام الحامض الاميني الميثونين ككاشف تحليلي الذي يشكل مركب مخلبي مع ايون النحاس في الطور المائي وبدرجة حموضة محددة, والذي تكون له اعظم امتصاصية عند طول موجي (244 نانوميتر) لمعقد النحاس - الميثونين ضد الميثونين كبلانك.وتم دراسة الظروف الفضلى للتفاعل بالاضافة الى العوامل التحليلية الاخرى وافضل نتائج تم الحصول عليها لمنحني المعايرة والبيانات الاحصائية تحت الظروف الفضلى التي تم الحصول عليها بالطريقة الطيفية المباشرة لكميات صغيرة من النحاس, يطاوع قانون لامبرت بير في مدى تراكيز (0,1 - 10) ميكروغرام/مل مع امتصاصية مولارية (5842 لتر.مول - 1.سم - 1) وحد الكشف (0,0238 ميكروغرام/مل) في هذه الدراسة لوحظ حدوث تداخلات بعض المعادن مثل النيكل (II)والكروم(III) في ايون النحاس وقد تجاوزت الحد المسموح للتداخل , لذلك تم تطبيق الطريقة المقترحة بنجاح لتحديد ايون النحاس في عينات مختلفة من المياه.اما الجزء الثاني من الدراسة تستند على تكوين معقد كاره للماء بين ايون النحاس والميثونين الغنية بالترايتون 100 - X من خلال منهجية الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة الى جانب القياس الطيفي للاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية, في هذه الطريقة يتشارك ايون الفلز مع الحامض الاميني الميثونين في تفاعل لتشكيل معقد مخلبي كاره للماء ويتم استخلاص هذا المعقد في درجة حموضة معينة عن طريق الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة باستخدام المركب السطحي غير الايوني ترايتون 100 - X كوسيط للاستخلاص.الطور العضوي الغني بالمادة السطحية يتم اذابتها باضافة الميثانول ويتم قياس المعقد طيفيا عند طول موجي (294 نانوميتر) لتحسين العوامل التي تؤثر على كفاءة استخلاص ايون النحاس باستخدام احد عوامل التحليلية وتشمل هذه العوامل درجة حموضة المحلول تركيز الليكند والمادة السطحية, درجة الحرارة والوقت التي تم تحديدها بالاضافة الى الكتيونات التي تعتبر متداخلات في ظل الظروف المثلى للتفاعل وقد تحقق عامل اغناء النحاس وكان منحني المعايرة الخطي (0,1 - 4) ميكروغرام/مل, حد الكشف والحد الكمي (0,0071) (0,0215) على التوالي. وتم مقارنة الطريقة المقترحة مع الطريقة الطيفية المباشرة لتعيين ايون النحاس ومن خلال النتائج المعروضة نلاحظ اختلافات كبيرة في الدقة والتوافق في الطريقتين وان الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة هي الاكثر دقة وتوافقية. تم تطبيق هذه الطريقة في عينات المياه. في هذه الدراسة تم تعيين تكافؤية المعقد عن طريق النسب المولية, التغيرات المستمرة (طريقة جوب) في درجة حموضة معينة واظهرت النتائج ان نسبة التكافؤ بين ايون النحاس الميثيونين هي 1 : 2. | This study in whole comprises two significant approaches in analytical application for direct determination and separation with preconcentration of copper ion by cloud point extraction methodology coupled with UV - Visible spectrophotometry.In the first part : The amino acid methionine was used as a chelating agent to form a complex with copper ion in aqueous phase at specific pH, which exhibits maximum absorption at (max= 244nm) against reagent blank. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The results showed better optical characteristics for calibration curve and statistical data were obtained under optimum conditions using direct Spectrophotometric determination of micro amounts of copper ion. “Beer's law” is obeyed in the concentration range (0.1 - 10)g.mL - 1 , having molar absorptivity of 5842L. mol - 1. cm - 1. The value of detection limit was 0.0238g.mL - 1 . Interference study indicated that some metal ions like Ni+2, Cr+3 have exceeded the allowable limits of interference for copper ion absorbance signal. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of copper ion in various water samples.Part Two : Deals with the formation of a hydrophobic complex between copper ion and methionine in rich - surfactant phase, by “cloud point extraction” (CPE) methodology, coupled with UV - Visible spectrophotometry. This method involved reaction of copper ion with methionine as a chelating agent to form a hydrophobic complex. Which was extracted at specific pH by CPE technique using nonionic surfactant Triton X - 100.as an extraction medium. The complex was surrounded by surfactant micelles. The surfactant - rich phase was diluted with methanol and the complex was measured spectrophotometrically at it's (max= 294nm). Different factors that can influence the extraction efficiency of copper ion has been optimized by using one - factor - at - a - time (OFAT). These factors include solution pH, reagent and surfactant concentrations, temperature and incubation time. Besides the interference effect of cations was also considered under the optimized conditions, “preconcentration factor” of 90 was achieved. The linear range was (0.1 - 4)g.mL - 1 with “limit of detection” and limit of quantification (0.0071), (0.0215)g.mL - 1 respectively and molar absorptivity of (19621.5) L. mol - 1. cm - 1.The Stoichiometric study was determined by “mole ratio method and continuous variation method” (Job's) at specific pH. The results showed that the Stoichiometric ratio between copper ion and methionine was 1 : 2.The proposed method is compared with the direct spectrophotometry determination of copper ion and the results have shown that there is a significant differences in accuracy and precision between the two methods and the cloud point extraction which indicates that the latter is more accurate and more precise. The suggested method was applied successfully for the determination of copper ion in water samples

اثر التعليم المدمج والتعلم النشط في تحصيل طلبة قسم الرياضيات في كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة / ابن الهيثم في مادة المناهج وطرائق التدريس وذكائهم الشخصي == The Effect of Blended Teaching and Active Learning on Achievement of students in Mathematics Department In The College of Education for Pure Science / Ibn Al - Haitham In The subject of curriculum and teaching methods and on Their Personal Intelligence

اسم المؤلف: لينا فؤاد جواد
اسم المشرف: مجبــل حماد عــواد | منتهى مطشر عبد الصاحب
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الرياضيات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف هذا البحث ٳلى معرفة اثر التعليم المدمج والتعلم النشط في تحصيل طلبة قسم الرياضيات في كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة / ابن الهيثم في مادة المناهج وطرائق التدريس وذكائهم الشخصي. من خلال الاجابة عن السؤالين الاتيين : ا. ايهما افضل التعليم المدمج ام التعلم النشط في تحصيل طلبة قسم الرياضيات في كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة / ابن الهيثم في مادة المناهج وطرائق التدريس ؟‌ب. ايهما افضل التعليم المدمج ام التعلم النشط في الذكاء الشخصي لطلبة قسم الرياضيات في كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة / ابن الهيثم؟وتحقيقا لاهداف البحث واسئلته وضعت الفرضيتين الصفريتين التاليتين : 1 - لايوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى الدلالة 0,05 بين متوسطي درجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية الاولى الذين يدرسون مادة المناهج وطرائق التدريس باستخدام التعليم المدمج ودرجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية الثانية الذين يدرسون المادة نفسها باستخدام التعلم النشط في اختبار التحصيل.2 - لايوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى الدلالة 0,05 بين متوسطي درجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية الاولى الذين يدرسون مادة المناهج وطرائق التدريس باستخدام التعليم المدمج ودرجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية الثانية الذين يدرسون المادة نفسها باستخدام التعلم النشط في مقياس الذكاء الشخصي .تم اختيار (76) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة الصف الثالث في قسم الرياضيات ليمثلوا عينة البحث التجريبية حيث تكونت كل مجموعة تجريبية من (38) طالبا وطالبة , وقامت الباحثة بتدريس مجموعتي البحث التجريبيتين بنفسها على وفق خطط تدريسية اعدتها مسبقا لكلتا مجموعتي البحث وفق متغيري البحث المستقلين.اما بالنسبة لاداتي البحث فقد تم اختبار المجموعتين التجريبيتين بالاختبار التحصيلي الذي بنته الباحثة لقياس تحصيل مجموعتي البحث في مادة المناهج وطرائق التدريس, والذي يتكون من (50) فقرة تنوعت بين الموضوعية والمقالية.بعد ان تحققت الباحثة من مؤشرات صدقه وثباته وحساب معاملات الصعوبة والتمييز وفعالية بدائل الفقرات من نوع الاختيار من متعدد.وكذلك بنت الباحثة الاداة الثانية وهي مقياس الذكاء الشخصي الذي يتكون ايضا من (50) فقرة , وتم حساب صدق المقياس وثباته واجريت التحليلات الاحصائية لحساب معاملات الصعوبة والسهولة.وبعد استخدام الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين لتحليل النتائج , اشارت النتائج الى قبول الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاولى والثانية التي تشير الى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين المجموعتين التجريبيتين في متغيري : التحصيل والذكاء الشخصي, ومنها يمكن الاستنتاج ان التعليم المدمج والتعلم النشط لهما نفس الفعالية في تحصيل طلبة الصف الثالث - قسم الرياضيات في كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة /ابن الهيثم وذكائهم الشخصي, وعليه توصي الباحثة باستخدام التعليم المدمج والتعلم النشط في التدريس كاساليب حديثة في تدريس مادة المناهج وطرائق التدريس.وفي ضوء نتائج البحث تم وضع عدد من المقترحات . | This research aims to discover the effect of blended teaching and active learning on achievement of students in Mathematics Department In The College of Education for Pure Science / Ibn Al - Haitham In The subject of curriculum and teaching methods and on Their Personal Intelligence, by answering the following two questions : a. Which is better blended teaching or active learning on achievement of students in Mathematics Department In The College of Education for Pure Science / Ibn Al - Haitham In The subject of curriculum and teaching methods ?b. . Which is better blended teaching or active learning on the personal intelligence of students in Mathematics Department In The College of Education for Pure Science / Ibn Al - Haitham In order to achieve the objectives of the research and it’s questions hypothesized the following zero hypotheses : (1) There is no difference of statistically significant at the level of (0.05) between the mean of achievement test degrees of the first experimental group students who are studying by using the blended teaching and degrees of the second experimental group students who are studying the same subject by using active learning.(2) There is no difference of statistically significant at the level of (0.05) between the mean of personal intelligence scale degrees of the first experimental group students who are studying by using the blended teaching and degrees of the second experimental group students who are studying the same subject by using active learning(76)tudents have been chosen from the third grade students in the mathematics department to represent experimental research sample , every experimental group consisted of 38 students, and the researcher taught both of groups of research experimental herself on according to the teaching plans previously prepared for both sets of search according to the independents variables of research .Respecting for the two tools of research two experimental groups have been tested by the achievement test prepared by the researcher to measure the achievement of the two groups of research in the subject of the curriculum and teaching methods, which consists of (50) items varied between objective and subjective items ,researcher investigated it’s validity and reliability and measured the difficulty mean and it’s discrimination and the activity of wrong variables of multiple choice.the second tool is personal intelligence scale which also consists of (50) items, reliability and validity measured and conducted statistical analyzes to measure the difficulty and easy means.After using t - test for two independent samples to analyze the results, results indicated acceptance the zero hypotheses the first and the second referring to no differences of statistically significant between the two experimental groups variables : achievement and personal intelligence, which can be concluded that the built - education and active learning have the same effectiveness in the achievement of the third grade students in Department of Mathematics in the College of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn al - Haitham and personal intelligence, and the researcher recommends using the blended teaching and active learning in teaching as modern methods in teaching curriculum and methods of teaching.A number of suggestions have been reached to

المشكلات الادارية التي تواجه رؤساء الاقسام العلمية في كليات جامعتي بغداد والمستنصرية ومقترحات معالجتها == Managemnt Problems That Faced The Heads Of Scientific Departments In The Colleges Of Baghdad Andal - Mustansiriyah Universities And Suggestions To Solve Them

اسم المؤلف: عمر ازهر علي الطائي
اسم المشرف: احمد علي الجبوري
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الادارة التربوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The management science distinguished from other science of its vitality and openness of science to the rest of science, knowledge and different branches fields at the same time the big overlapping and intermingling between the various branches of the administration and specialties including educational administration due to the fact that the heads of scientific departments in the university is occupied the top of the executive administrative system in the university and its responsible for the implementation the decisions as a direct one of the jobs of management, its results especially the administrative performance which has many obstacles.The knowledge , the identification and detection of these administrative problems is a fundamental cornerstone to reach the desired goals So this study was to combine one of vital topics in the field of organizational behavior (administrative) and functional heads of departments by trying to determine the administrative problems and overcome or reduce their level, which is one of the main success factors for any administrative behavior. To achieve this objective of this study which included four chapters devoted the first chapter to determine the problem, the importance of basic research, the main target and define the basic terms where the second chapter proposed the idea of research and theoretical literature which consider for the basic variables (administrative problems) with some previous studies which tried to exposure to the variable and its duration of benefit. The third chapter focused on the description of the nature of society and the method of selecting the sample (simple random) , build a search tool by identifying min areas for the scope of the behavioral component of the independent variable (administrative problems) , build paragraphs measure the behavior that appears on the research sample (heads of departments) was achieved researcher Administration validity of the standard and its characteristics (validity and reliability) in a manner to estimate the virtual honesty and sincerity of construction for the index honesty by re - test ways and analysis of variance of the index stability, as well as the adoption of the views of experts in all stages of the research and procedures where the many statistical means was the most important of the Pearson correlation coefficient to calculate the sincerity of paragraphs and the method of re - testing and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to calculate stability and others.The main results of the researcher as follows : - 1 - The identification of the administrative problems came on in accordance with the areas of research are high in some of them and in others with a low level 2 - The attempt to verify the exact search tool gives a pointer to adopt a unified scale with consistent standards and exact measured characteristics used for the detection of administrative problems and determination the level3 - The weakness of Follow - up by the heads of departments in general, probably as a result of install the efforts , the large number of duties or not distribute them or participated the teaching staff and knowledge of them4 - Do Not show a willingness to find creative solutions to problems or diligence in solving but it enough with traditional solutions and public perception of totalitarianism5 - The concentration on the implementation of decisions without - discussion or trying to find the skills implemented in looking at creativity and give different patterns of leadership, according to the problem.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر انموذج روثكوف في تحصيل طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي في مادة علم الاحياء وتفكيرهم المنطقي == The Effect Of The Rothkopf Model In The Achievement For Fourth - Class Male Students In The Biology Subject And Their Logical Thinking

اسم المؤلف: محمد محسن جاعد
اسم المشرف: نادية حسين يونس العفون
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث التعرف على اثر انموذج روثكوف في تحصيل طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي في مادة علم الاحياء وتفكيرهم المنطقي. ولاجل التحقق من هدف البحث صاغ الباحث الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاتيتين : 1 - لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05 ) بين متوسط درجات طلا | The aim of current research to know the effect of A Rothkopf Model in the academic achievement for fourth - class male students in the Biological subject and their logical thinking. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher set up tow hypotheses as follows : 1 - There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who are studying the Rothkopf Model and the average degree of the control group students who are studying in the usual way in the achievement test in the subject of biology.2 - There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who are studying the Rothkopf Model and the average degree of the control group students who are studying in the usual way, in the logical thinking test. The sample of search was selected from students of al - Safa secondary school for boys to the Directorate General of Educational Baghdad / Rusafa first, numbered (55) students distributed on the two groups of search chosen by appointment simple random , one experimental group (27) student who are studying according to the Rothkopf Model, while the control group (28) student who are studying in the usual way , Both groups were treated equivalently according to the variables (timing age, intelligence , previous achievement, previous knowledge , logical thinking ), The teaching plans of the tow groups had been adopted after exposing them to a group of arbitrators in the teaching methods ,was approved lesson plans for the two groups after a presentation to a group of arbitrators in teaching methods , as been building achievement test tool which consisted of (50) items , (42) of which type of multiple - choice and (8) essay as was the stability of the achievement test tool (0.85) , the researcher adopting a scale of the logical thinking test which was prepared by (Alfreji, 2009) which consisted of (49) items were presented to a group of arbitrators in psychology, The researcher investigated the standard properties of these two tools., two paragraphs have been deleted from the logical thinking test reached stability a tool of logical thinking (0.82). Experiment lasted throughout the second semester of the school year 2014 - 2015 A.C of 16 on Monday, 16/2/2015 until Monday 27/4/2015 by three servings weekly for each group , and after the end of the experiment has been applied to the two sets of search tools , Results have been shown : 1 - The presence of statistically significant differences in the behalf of the experimental group in the achievement of material Biology in size effect (1.025) higher than the control group. 2 - The presence of statistically significant differences in the behalf of the experimental group in the scale of logical thinking in size effect (1.296) higher than the control group. In light of this, the researcher made a number of conclusions and recommendations and proposals
الملخص:
المصادر:

فاعلية استراتيجيتي دورة التعلم فوق المعرفية وسوم SWOM في تحصيل مادة الفيزياء عند طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي ومهارات تفكيرهم فوق المعرفي == The Effectiveness Of Meta - Cognitive Learning Course And SWOM Strategies On Achievement Of Physics For Fourth Scientific Class Students And Their Thinking Skills Meta - Cognitive

اسم المؤلف: عباس جواد عبد الكاظم الركابي
اسم المشرف: ميسون شاكر عبد الله | عليه عبد المحسن شهاب
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الفيزياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aim of the present research is knowing "The Effectiveness of Meta - Cognitive Learning Course and SWOM Strategies in Achievement of Physics for Fourth Scientific Class Students and Their Thinking Skills Meta - Cognitive ". To achieve this aim, the following two zero hypotheses were made : The First Zero Hypothesis : There is no difference of statistical marker at the level (0.05) between the scores average of the first experimental group students who were taught according to the meta - cognitive learning course and the scores average of the second experimental group students who were taught according to the swom and the scores average of the control group students who were taught according to the traditional method 0n Physics Achievement Test.The Second Zero Hypothesis : There is no difference of statistical marker at the level (0.05) between the scores average of the first experimental group students who were taught according to the meta - cognitive learning course and the scores average of the second experimental group students who were taught according to the swom and the scores average of the control group students who were taught according to the traditional method on Thinking Skills Meta - Cognitive.The research targeted the fourth grade of secondary school in the scientific branch at the preparatory and secondary governmental day schools in the city center of Al - Qadissiya, and physics subject in all chapters of the book for the first and the second semesters of 2014 - 2015. The researcher has randomly chosen (Way draw) Al - Sadrein Preparatory School for Boys which belongs to the Directorate of Education of Al - Diwniyah to be the sample of his experiment.The researcher adopted the experimental method and used the experimental design of three equivalent groups (two experimental and one control) of achieving post - test and Thinking Skills Meta - Cognitive measure Three sections were selected randomly to be the sample. It was consisted of (103) students; (35) students for the first experimental group which was taught according to the meta - cognition learning course strategy,(34) students for the second experimental group which was taught according to swom strategy, and (34) students for the control group which was taught according to the traditional method.www.tracker - software.com The researcher made the three study samples equivalent in the variants (age, pre - Achievement for the third year students in physics, intelligence level, preinformation test in physics, Thinking Skills Meta - Cognitive). The researcherprepared the research requirements like identifying the scientific material, forming the behavioral aims, setting teaching plans).The researcher also prepared two tools; the first is the "Achievement Test", which was finally consisted of (43) objective items of "multiple choice" with four alternatives, and (7) essay items. The face validity and content validity were checked. The difficulty coefficient, discriminatory coefficient, the effectiveness of objective items alternatives were extracted. The reliability of the test items were identified by the internal consistency method (Cronbach'sAlpha Coefficient) which was (0.89). The reliability of scoring coefficient for essay items was (0.87) between the researcher and himself, and (0.85) between the researcher and other. The second tool was " Thinking Skills Meta - Cognitive measure" which was finally consisted of (54) items; equally distributed on themain skills (self - organization skills, necessary skills for doing scientific tasks, procedural control skills). Then, the face validity, construction validity and discriminatory powers of its items were re - examined. Its reliability was calculated in two ways; internal consistency (Cronbach'sAlpha Coefficient), which was (0.88), and by re - test, which was (0.86). The experiment was applied to both teaching semesters, the first and the second, of (2014 - 2015). It lasted for (21) weeks; three lessons for each group. After completing the experiment, the two research tools were applied on the three research groups. The data were statistically processed by using oneway analysis of variance, Scheff'e Test, effect size, the 20th editionof SPSS, and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The results showed that : 1 - The first experimental group which was taught according to the metacognition learning course strategy was superior to the control group which was taught according to the traditional method in Achievement of Physics with effect size of (1.42) which is a significant indicator. 2 - The second experimental group which was taught according to swom strategy was superior to the control group which was taught according to the traditional method in Achievement of Physics with effect size of (1.29) which is a significant indicator.3 - There is no difference of statistical marker between the first experimental group which was taught according to the meta - cognition learning course strategy and the second experimental group which was taught according toswom strategy in Achievement of Physics.4 - The first experimental group which was taught according to the metacognitive learning course strategy was superior to the control group which was taught according to the traditional method of Thinking Skills Meta - Cognitive with effect size of (1.86), which a significant indicator.5 - The second experimental group which was taught according to swom strategy was superior to the control group which was taught according to the traditional method of Thinking Skills Meta - Cognitive with effect size of (1.79), which a significant indicator.6 - There is no difference of statistical marker between the first experimental group which was taught according to the meta - cognition learning course strategy and the second experimental group which was taught according to swom strategy in the Thinking Skills Meta - Cognitive. In the light of the research results, a number of conclusions were achieved and a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented.
الملخص:
المصادر:

فاعلية تصميم تعليمي للتربية البيئية في تحصيل مادة البيئة والتلوث واتخاذ القرار لحل المشكلات البيئية عند طلبة كلية التربية الاساسية == The Effectiveness Of Instructional Design Of Environmental Education In The Achievement Of College Of Basic Education Students Environment And Pollution

اسم المؤلف: عايد خضير ضايع الطائي
اسم المشرف: وفاء عبد الهادي نجم الدليمي | خالد فهد علي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف هذا البحث الى التعرف على فاعلية التصميم التعليمي للتربية البيئية في : 1. تحصيل مادة التربية البيئة والتلوث عند طلبة كلية التربية الاساسية. 2. اتخاذ القرار لحل المشكلات البيئية عند طلبة كلية التربية الاساسية. ولغرض التحقق من هدفي البحث تم صياغة الف | This study aims at knowing the effectiveness of epistemological design of environmental education in : 1) The acquisition of the subjects of environment for students of basic education college. 2) Decision - making for the solving of the problem of environment for students of basic education college. In order to verify this objective, the following two zero hypotheses were formulated : A. There is no statistical significant differences at the level of (0.05) between means score of the sample students of the experimental group who study according to the epistemological design of environmental education and the scores of the students of the control group who study according to the traditional method in the test of the subject of Environment and Pollution. B. There is no statistical significant differences at the level of (0.05) between means score of the sample students of the experimental group who study according to the epistemological design of environmental education and the scores of the students of the control group who study according to the traditional method in the scale of decision - making for the solving of the problem of environment. In order to verify the validity of these two hypotheses, the researcher conducted an experiment that lasted a complete semester. Then, an epistemological design according the environmental education was constructed following four sequential and correlated stages.The study was confined to the students of Al - Mustansriya University \ College in the Department of Science. The sample was chosen purposely because they learn the subject of Environment and Pollution for the three departments (Chemistry, Physics and Biology) for the same curricula. The two sections were chosen randomly from the sections for the second stage in the Department of Science. The total number of the sample was (55) male and female students after eliminating the failed students. Twenty - seven of the sample in the experimental group were taught according to the epistemological design according to the environmental education and twenty - eight students in the control group were taught according to the traditional method. The two groups were matched in respect of some of the variables which might be effective in the independent variable (age calculated in months, previous information test, and the average of previous year and the scale of decision - making for the solving of the problem of environment. The scientific material was determined in five chapters from the lectures of Environment and Pollution designated for the second stage students in the Department of Sciences\ College of Basic Education in the first semester. The behavioral objectives were formulated and attained 353 objectives. For the tools of the study, the researcher prepared an acquisition test made up of (50) test items in (35) objective items the type of multiple choice among four options and (15) essay type. The apparent validity was verified after displaying a group of arbitrators specialized in methods of teaching and evaluation and assessment and Environment and Pollution. An experiment was conducted on 30 students that aimed at knowing the clarity of the test items and determining the answering time. The other experiment was conducted on 100 students in order to analyze the test items statistically to find the psychometric characteristics. The constancy was found by the method of inner consistency Cronbach’s alpha that attained (%84). The correction coefficient of the essay items were also found that attained between the researcher and the first corrector (%82), the researcher and the second corrector (%82) and the first and the second corrector (%86) and the researcher rand himself through time (%89). The second tool was the scale for decision - making for the solving of the problem of environment prepared by (Al - Assadi, 2009) for its suitability with the Iraqi environment and for the university level. In addition to the opinions of the experts which is made up of (22) items each one represents one problem of the study. Also, the scale validity was verified by the use of the apparent and logical truthfulness, and its constancy was found by the use retest method, and the constancy coefficient attained (%82) and the method of inner consistency (Kudor - Richardson 21) and the constancy coefficient attained (%84). After the preparation of the requirements of the stud, the experiment was applied starting from 28/12/2014 and lasted for 20 weeks in two hours per group. The teacher taught the two groups himself. After the end of the experiment, the researcher applied the acquisition test for the subject of Environment and Pollution and the decision - making for the solving of the problem of environment on the two unequal groups of the study (experimental and control). After statically analyzing the results by the use of t - test for two independent samples unequal in number. The results showed the excel of the two experimental groups which studied according to the pedagogical design of the environmental education on the control group which studied according to the traditional methods. The results rejects the two zero hypotheses. In the light of this, the researcher comes up with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر تصميم تعليمي قائم على ستراتيجية ميردر"M.U.R.D.E.R" المعدلة لمساعدات التذكر في التحصيل ومهارات معالجة المعلومات في مادة الرياضيات لدى طالبات الصف الرابع العلمي == The Effectiveness Of Instructional Design, According To The Modified M.U.R.D.E.R Strategy For Mnemonic In Achievement And Information Processing Skills In Mathematics For Fourth Class Intermediate Female Students

اسم المؤلف: سهاد عبد النبي سلمان صحو
اسم المشرف: رافد بحر احمد المعيوف | حاتم يحيى خلف
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الرياضيات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث تعرف اثر تصميم تعليمي مقترح وفقا لستراتيجية ميردر M.U.R.D.E.R المعدلة لمساعدات التذكر في كل من تحصيل طالبات الرابع العلمي ومهاراتهن في معالجة المعلومات، وتماشيا مع اهداف البحث اعتمدت الباحثة منهج البحث التجريبي، واستخدم فيه التصميم التجريبي الح | The aim of the research is to identify the effectiveness of the suggested instructional design that based on the modified M.U.R.D.E.R strategy for mnemonic in achievement in mathematics of students female in the fourth grads secondary school and their information processing skills. To achieve the research goals, the experimented research method is depended. In this method, a realistic empirical design of two - equivalent groups with post - test is used to measure information processing skills and students’ grade. The following null hypotheses is formulated : 1. There is no statistical difference for the statistical coffiection at 0.05 between average degree for the students of the experimented group who studied the subject using the Instructional design based on the modified M.U.R.D.E.R strategy and those who studied the same subject using traditional way on achievement test.2. There is no statistical difference for the statistical coffiection at 0.05 between the mean grade for the students of the experimented group who studied the subject using the Instructional design based on the modified M.U.R.D.E.R strategy and those who studied the same subject using traditional way in information processing skills test. The research society is determined with the fourth grade’s class female students’ in secondary schools/morning study that belong to public directorate Baghdad Education/Rusafa2.Randomaly,Somar Secondary School for girls is chosen to be the research field. Seventy two students female are selected as a research sample that divided into two groups : - Experimented group that are taught according the Instructional design of modified M.U.R.D.E.R strategy. - Control group that are taught using traditional method. The equivalent between these two groups is made using different variables (age, the previous degree for mathematic subject, information processing skills, intelligent, and the previous knowledge in mathematic test).To achieve the experiment’s aim and collect its information; two tests are constructed as follows : 1. Achievement test consists of (40) objective paragraph of multiple choices.2. Information processing skills test consists of (79) paragraphs that distributed into three skills of Information processing : (8) paragraphs for summarization skills, (46) paragraphs for identifying the relations and mathematic patterns and (25) paragraphs for evaluation skills. Some of these paragraphs are formulated as an essay, others are subjectively.The two tests are applied to an exploratory sample to verify the clarity of all test paragraphs and, instruction test time, make an appropriate statistical analysis, and sycometerics proprieties ensure. Then the tests are ready to be applied on the research two groups. After applying the tests on the research two groups, the results are analyzed using suitable statistical tools, like Person coefficient, Alpha - Cronbanch equation, Kuder - Richardson Formula 20, and (t - test) for two unequal independent samples. The results show that there is a statistical difference for the students of the experimented group who are taught using the instructional design according to the modified M.U.R.D.E.R strategy in both achievement and sum of Information processing skills and each skill separately to the control student group who are taught using the traditional way. The researcher deduces a set of conclusions : teaching according to the Instructional design of modified M.U.R.D.E.R strategy has positive effectiveness in the achievement of the students. It also enhance the performance of students skill in information processing, increase their capabilities to organize information, concepts and mathematical relations. According to these conclusions, number of suggestion and recommendations has been made
الملخص:
المصادر:

انماط التفكير الرياضي وعلاقتها بالذكاء المكاني البصري الرياضي عند طالبات الصف الرابع العلمي == Mathematical Thinking Patterns And Their Relation The Visual Spatial Intelligence Mathematician At The Fourth - Grade Science Students

اسم المؤلف: سلوى محسن حمد العامري
اسم المشرف: باسم محمد جاسم
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف البحث الى التعرف على مستوى انماط التفكير الرياضي وعلاقتها بالذكاء المكاني / البصري الرياضي , وتنبثق منه التساؤلات الاتية : 1. ما مستوى انماط التفكير الرياضي عند طالبات الصف الرابع العلمي؟2. ما مستوى الذكاء المكاني / البصري الموجود عند طالبات الصف | The goal of current research to answer the following questions : 1. What level of mathematical thinking patterns when the fourth scientific students.2. What level of intelligence spatial / visual mathematical located at the fourth scientific students?3. What is the nature correlation between the modes of mathematical thinking and spatial intelligence / visual mathematical students at the fourth scientific? In order to achieve the objectives of the study and answer the questions put zero the following assumptions : 1) There is no difference statistically significant at the significance level (0.05) between the average grades and average premise of the study sample of students on test patterns mathematical thinking.2) There is no difference statistically significant at the significance level (0.05) between the average grades and average premise sample of students study on the IQ test spatial / visual Sports3) There is no correlation between the modes of mathematical thinking and intelligence spatial / visual at the significance level (0.05) when the study sample students.4) There is no correlation between the mathematical thinking and intelligence spatial / visual at the significance level (0.05) in a sample study students.5) There is no correlation between systemic thinking and intelligence spatial / visual at the significance level (0.05) for the study sample applications.6) There is no correlation between the critical thinking and intelligence spatial / visual at the significance level (0.05) in a sample study students.7) There is no correlation between the deductive thinking and visual spatial intelligence at the significance level (0.05) in a sample study students.After selecting the study population, which like the fourth scientific students in the province of Baghdad, was the study sample size of 400 female students from fourth grade science in high school and junior high in the Directorate - General for Education in Baghdad's Karkh (first, second, and third) and Rusafa (first, second, and third).For the purpose of collecting data for the experiment was built tests are as follows : 1. test Styles mathematical thinking : be in its final form of (40) items, includes four sub - tests of the patterns of thought : mathematical thinking, and systemic thinking, critical thinking, and deductive thinking, where formed paragraphs objective type and pans.2. IQ test spatial / visual : the final form of the 40 items of the type of substantive paragraphs through which to measure visual spatial intelligence when the study sample.And conducted the appropriate statistical analyzes to calculate the coefficients of difficulty and discrimination and effective alternatives to paragraphs substantive tests and make sure Alsaiko metric properties of their validity and reliability. After the use of the following statistical tools to analyze the results of the application of the tests, the test samples t to sample one coherent and Gintan independent, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the method of alpha Crow Nbach and the way Keodr Richard Wilson KR (20), and the equation T to measure the significance link.The results of the research to : 1.. There is a difference is statistically significant at the level of significance 0.05)) between the arithmetic mean of the sample (47.48%) and medium - premise ((35 on the test patterns mathematical thinking and in favor of the Mediterranean premise, and that the research sample students to have a low level of patterns of mathematical thinking, where occupied the thinking inferential first place, while ranked second mathematical thinking, and ranked third systemic thinking, and finally ranked fourth critical thinking.2. there is a difference is statistically significant at the significance level (0.05) between the arithmetic mean of the sample (16.27) and medium - premise (20) and in favor of medium - premise, and that the research sample students have a low level of intelligence spatial / visual mathematician.3. There is a direct correlation between moderate Styles mathematical thinking and intelligence spatial / visual athlete at the research sample students.4. There is a direct correlation between a weak mathematical thinking and intelligence spatial / visual athlete at the research sample students5. There is a direct correlation between a weak systemic thinking and intelligence spatial / visual when the sample students.6. There is a direct correlation between the weak critical thinking and intelligence spatial / visual when the sample students.7. There is a direct correlation between a weak inferential thinking and intelligence spatial / visual when the sample students. In view of the results the researcher recommended a number of recommendations including : 1. guidance developed mathematics curriculum to suit the development of the global knowledge, and emphasized that the curriculum is designed in a way to ensure the development of capacity and skills of patterns of mathematical thinking all and mental capabilities of multiple Balzkaouat especially intelligence spatial visual sports through activities and exercises and gas visual games and the inclusion for the development of this kind of intelligences. 2. reorganization of math books to allow the employment patterns of thinking and multiple intelligences including spatial intelligence / visual teaching and study mathematics. Complementing this research and development researcher has proposed the following : .1 conduct a similar study on the other in the secondary stage stages to see how possession of mathematical thinking patterns and spatial intelligence / visual.2. a study of the same variables fourth for students to be compared to the scientific level of these variables between male and female students
الملخص:
المصادر:

السلوك الاداري لرؤساء الاقسام العلمية وعلاقته بالرضا الوظيفي للتدريسيين في كليات جامعة بغداد == The Adminstrative Behaviour Of The Heads Of The Scientific Departmrnts And Its Relation To Occupational Satisfaction Of The Instructors At The Colleges Of University Of Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: زينه حمودي حسين
اسم المشرف: علاء حاكم الناصر
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الادارة التربوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان تقدم الشعوب مرهون بنوع التربية والتعليم وكيفية ادارته، وتحظى الادارة التربوية باهتمام الباحثين والمفكرين والقادة الاداريين والتربويين بنحو عام، لكونها من المهن الرفيعة التي تهتم بنمو الافراد وتطورهم فكريا وعلميا ، واصبح الاهتمام بالادارة التربوية وا | In fact ,progress of the peoples in the world is often measured by the type of education and the methods they are run ,in that the educational management has attracted many researchers and specialists due to the significance of such a field in building the individuals own society as well as its development. In the same sense, the educational management has become the core interest of the researchers ,thinkers, educational leaders and educationalists as a whole for it is considered one of the supreme jobs that is mainly concerned with the individuals' growth , their intellectual and cultural evolution ;therefore giving the role it is deserved has become of high importance. For the educational organizations to be felicitous and effective, there must be efficient and administrative leaders who are able to fulfill their duties and tasks effectively as well as the availability of the convenient systematic circumstances for the sake of the proper execution of the managerial works.Furthermore ,those leaders have to possess skills of leadership associated with the processes of creativity ,innovation , renovation ,and the ability to solve and face problems. Hence, the administrative behavior conducted by the head of the scientific department is regarded as a pillar within the entire educational leadership, for the success of such a process is highly dependent on the type of the behavior conducted which in turn will affect those behaviors conducted by other instructors in creating the scientific climate prevailed which is a continuity of the scientific achievement and the educational procession as a whole.Moreover, the head of the scientific department is considered one of the important administrative leadership at the college forming a significant part of its structural and systematic components ,that is he/she possesses the pioneering role within the educational and administrative process ,being a link between the department's instructors and the deanship of the college.This is due to the fact that there is consensus among the majority of the researchers that the administrative behaviour of the head of the scientific department in its various patterns highly effects in constituting the occupational satisfaction of the instructors and personnel which in turn will reflect on the quality and efficiency the performance.This clearly shows the effectual impact of the administrativ behaviour between the administrative leaderships represented by the heads of departments and the instructors working with him/her in shaping their satisfaction and assurance which will identify their own motivation to achieve the general goal of the scientific department. Certainly, there should be certain factors that affect the satisfaction level of college instructors, the first of which is the administrative behaviour conducted by the heads of the scientific departments through their daily ways of dealing ,communicating , and along with the administrative practices to the degree that the interest on the occupational satisfaction of the instructors and everything that would increase their spirits has become one of the modern trends at the educational organizations.This is what the present study will tackle circling around the fact that there are problems related to the nature of the administrative behviour belong to the heads of the scientific departments and the consent of the occupational satisfaction of the teaching staff members. This subject, as the researcher believes ,is one of the important phenomena that is in the core of the work and sustainability of the scientific departments for the sake of increasing the scientific outcome of such departments which in turn will facilitate the processes of development and change of those behaviours conducted by the heads of the scientific departments and creating a quantum shift to achieve the general goals of the scientific departments.The significance of the current study can be clarified in the following points : 1 - The administrative behaviour is considered the vital factor the highly affects the individuals' behaviours of the teaching staff members and other personnel.2 - Showing the role acted by the head of the scientific department as an advanced cultural mark in the society who performs a role that highly affects the teaching staff members through finding out those factors related to the occupational satisfaction.3 - Finding out those aspects of satisfaction and non satisfaction of the teaching staff members at the university of Baghdad in order to reinforce the aspects of satisfaction and treat those aspects of the non satisfaction.4 - University of Baghdad may make use of the recommendations set in this study to develop the administrative behaviour of the heads of the scientific departments at the colleges of the university of Baghdad to suit the occupational satisfaction of the teaching staff members. The present study aims at finding out : 1 - the level of the administrative behaviour of the heads of the scientific departments at the colleges of the university of Baghdad.2 - the level of the occupational satisfaction of the teaching staff members of the scientific departments at the colleges of the university of Baghdad.3 - the relationship between the administrative behaviour of the heads of the scientific departments and occupational satisfaction of the teaching staff members.4 - if there are any statistically significant differences in the level of the managerial behaviour of the heads of the scientific departments at level of significance of (0.05) according to the variables of : - College Specialty ( Human - Scientific ). - Gender ( Males - Females ).5 - if there are any statistically significant differences in the level of the occupational satisfaction of the teaching staff members at level of significance of (0.05) according to the variables of : - College Specialty ( Human - Scientific ). - Gender ( Males - Females ). The population of the present study covers all the teaching staff members at the colleges of the university of Baghdad( Human - Scientific )for the academic year 2014 - 2015.The total number of the population is (6210) of males and females instructors at the colleges of the university of Baghdad from which the researcher has selected (310) subjects which forms (5%) out of the original population. Two instruments have been constructed, one of them is related with the administrative behaviour and the other with the occupational satisfaction. The psychometric features of the instruments have been verified. In order to achieve the aims of the current study ,the researcherhas utilized the descriptive analytic approach as well as the proper statistical means (SPSS).Then, the researcher has come up with certain results : 1 - Heads of the scientific departments possess a good level of the administrative behaviour.2 - Teaching staff members at the colleges of Baghdad possess a degree of the occupational satisfaction.3 - There is a correlational relationship between the administrative behaviour and occupational satisfaction.Based on the results obtained ,specific conclusions have been set : 1 - The administrative behaviour has a vital and affected role on the instructors' satisfaction and their performance at the scientific departments which indicates the need for good dealings and humanitarian relationships among members at these departments. 2 - The administrative behaviour and the occupational satisfaction is considered a formula between two parts affected each other ,in that whenever there is an increase of the good occupational satisfaction ,there is also an increase in the administrative behaviour and vice versa.According to the conclusions gained ,certain recommendations have been set as follows : 1 - Studying the results extracted from this study by both the heads of the scientific departments and instructors at different universities to make use of such results in treating the problems faced and in proceeding the managerial affairs.2 - Adopting the above results in workshops or training courses held within the academic year and for all levels (administrative - instructional - supreme leaderships)at the university of Baghdad.3 - The supreme administration the university of Baghdad is recommended to consider the education degree and the scientific rank into consideration when assigning the heads of the scientific departments and to select those who are Assistant Professors and hold the Ph.D. to properly achieve the university's goals and grant the real status deserved by the heads of departments.Finally, some suggestions are put forward as follows : 1 - Conducting a study to find out the relationship between the administrative behaviour conducted by the heads of the scientific departments and systematic commitment revealed by the teaching staff members at the colleges of the University of Baghdad.2 - Conducting a study to find out the difficulties faced by the heads of the scientific departments at the colleges of the University of Baghdad or other Iraqi universities.3 - Conducting a study to find out the administrative behaviour conducted by the deans of colleges and its relationship with the occupational satisfaction of the heads of the scientific departments
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر انموذج ثيلين في تحصيل مادة الكيمياء والذكاء الاجتماعي عند طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط == The Effect Of Thelen Model In Achievement Of Chemistry Subject And Social Intelligence For Second - Intermediate Class Weman Students

اسم المؤلف: زينب جلوب قاسم الساعدي
اسم المشرف: ضمياء سالم داود الراوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The purpose of the current research was to know : 1 - The effect of Thelen model in the achievement subject of chemistry femal second - intermediate class students ?2 - The effect of Thelen model in the of Social intelligence femalsecond - intermediate class students? - To Investigate two goals of research, the researcher has been model the following two nil hypotheses : - 1. There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance(0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who are studying Thelen model and the average degree of the control group students who are studying in the usual way in the achievement - test in the subject of chemistry. - 2. There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance - (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who - are studying Thelen model and the average degree of the control group - students who are studying in the usual way, in the Social intelligence. - The experimental design was chosing with a partial seizure (experimental group and a control group) with a posttest for each of the achievement test and Social intelligence.The simple of research ulas (63) students, Divistion to two groups have been equalized in the variables of (Raven test (of intelligence), and age in months, and testing of the information in precedent chemistry, and formerachievement in subject of chemistry, and the measure of social intelligence. One of the two depantments have been setup and the adoption of the scale of social was developed two tools achievement test and the measure of Social intelligence and have mony achievement test of (40) paragraph of which are multiple - choice, the measure of Social intelligence consists of (40) paragraph then were calculated Al - sekoumtre characteristics and stability for them. - The data were analyzed and statistically statistically treatmenting (equation T - test, Cronbach alpha equation, pearson correlation coefficient ,variance coefficient of difficulty, the discriminatory power of the paragraph, effective alternatives for the substantive paragraphs). - In light of the resultsed in the listings for the impact of the Telen model in achievement in the average material chemistry and Social intelligence central to second - grade students and in favor of the recommendations and suggestions.
الملخص:
المصادر:

مهارات التواصل عند مدرسي الكيمياء في المدارس المتوسطة وعلاقتها بتحصيل طلبتهم == Communication Skills Of Chemical Teachers And Its Relationship On Their Student Achievement

اسم المؤلف: خالد حسين حاتم العطواني
اسم المشرف: زينب عزيز احمد العامري
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aim of this study was to know the following points : 1 - Communication skills of chemistry teachers in intermediate school.2 - Communication skills of chemistry teachers in intermediate school according to gender factor.3 - The relationship between communication skills of chemical teacher's and their student outcomes.To achieve the aim of this study, zero main hypothesizes were modeled : 1 - There was no significant differences (0.05) between grand mean and hypothesis mean for chemical teacher's Scores in Communication skills.2 - There was no significant difference at level (0.05) among grand means of communication skills for chemical teacher's s according to gender aspect.3 - There was no relationship at level (0.05) between chemical teacher's Scores of Communication skills and their student results (Scores).The first research sample was chemicals teachers of intermediate school which was (60) teacher's s, while the second sample was third intermediate school students who were taught by the teacher's s at first sample, the students were (1800) males and females.Two tools were used in this study : - 1 - Observation from (verbal communication skills, non - verbal communication skills) which were (34) criteria and their reliability and sustainability were examined.2 - Achievement test was conducted for the first four chapters for chemistry book for third intermediate school. The test had (40) objective criteria that is multiple test with four alternatives. In addion, we tested the reliability,sustainability, simplify and difficulty factor of Criteria and the alternatives activity.The study were analyzed by using statistical bag of social sciences, spss - 19 program, Microsoft Excel 2013, T - test for one sample and independent samples and correlation Coefficient person.The study showed the following outcomes : - 1 - Communication skills of chemical teacher's in intermediate school were weak.2 - There were no significant differences in Communication skills regarding to gender aspect.3 - Direct correlation medium between chemical teacher's communication and their student outcomes.From the above study, it is recommended that communication skills aspect should be taught and should be included in collage of education establishing. In addion, more studies should be done in communication skills.
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اثر التقطيع السيميائي في تنمية مهارات القراءة الجهرية عند تلامذة الصف الاول الابتدائي == Impact Of Semiotic Hacking In Developing The Skills Of Aloud Reading With The Pupils Of Grade 1

اسم المؤلف: حــوراء حـميد عبـــد الـنـــداوي
اسم المشرف: سماء تركي داخل
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: رمى البحث الى تعرف اثر التقطيع السيميائي في تنمية مهارات القراءة الجهرية عند تلامذة الصف الاول الابتدائي. ولتحقق مرمى البحث اعتمدت الباحثة على تصميم تجريبي ذي ضبط جزئي لاختبار بعدي، هو تصميم المجموعة الضابطة ذات الاختبار البعدي مع اختبار تحصيلي. | This research aims to identify the impact of semiotic hacking in developing the skills of aloud reading with students grade 1 To achieve the goal of research, researcher adopted a design with partial control is the control group design with competence evaluation test.Research sample included 80 students and a pupil of grade 1 pupils in basic Mamonyya school in Adhamiya, belong to Directorate of education of Baghdad/ first Rusafa distributed in two groups of 40 pupils and schoolgirl in the experimental group and 40 pupils and schoolgirl in the control group, researcher has studied experimental group with using semiotic hacking in developing skills of aloud speaking and studied control group in the usual way.It was rewarded between the sets of research in variables (age, calculated in months and academic achievement to parents and the school for mothers)The researcher tried to adjust the number of extraneous variables that literature and previous studies that it may affect this kind of experimental designs (such as the conditions of the experiment and the accompanying events and demo disappearing and differences in sample selection and maturation processes and statistical regression and measurement tool and the impact of the eexperimental procedures. )After the researcher identified of the scientific material which included 20 subject of the book of ,Kuraati , identified to be taught to pupils in grade 1 for the school year 2014 - 2015 in Iraq the researcher prepared the teaching plans of experiment subjects was presented to the Committee of experts for their views on the appropriateness of the content validity of a study to measure reading speed with students search groups.The researcher prepared reading text of book of Kurati decided to be taught to pupils in grade 1 and entitled in the garden.To measure the a comprehension researcher prepared test on the reading text itself composed of three questions been researcher assured of sincerity and persistence of discriminatory power for its, elements and its coefficient of difficulty and effective alternatives of error Using a t - test for two independent samples Study the following results : I. There is a statistically significant difference between students digress average of two groups of research in skill to understand article for experimental group at a level of significance of 0,0 5II. There is a statistically significant difference between students average degrees two groups of search in skill of reading validity for the experimental group with the significance level 0,05 Thirdly ;there is a statistically significant difference between students average degrees of two groups of search in skill of reading speed for the experimental group with the level of significance 0,05 in the light of the results the researcher concluded; Teaching the use of semiotic hacking in developing the skills of aloud reading has the effectiveness in raising the achievement of students in grade 1 in these skills and way of semiotic hacking makes the performance of pupils in grade 1 in reading subject the best from ordinary method.The researcher recommended adoption of a semiotic in hacking skills reciting as a proven method of teaching reading to first grade to complement this studyThe researcher has proposed a number of studies, including a study similar to the current study on the level of the provinces and various sexand conduct research on advanced Arab stages, primary the other and a comparative study between semiotic hacking and normal method.
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المصادر:

اثر استخدام استراتيجيتي بلان (PLAN) وتنشيط المعرفة السابقة في اكتساب المفاهيم الفيزيائية والتنور الفيزيائي عند طلاب الصف الرابع العلمي == Effect Of Using Strategies Of Plan And Activate Prior Knowledge In The Acquisition Of Physical Concepts And The Physical Literacy For Fourth Scientific Class Students

اسم المؤلف: تحسين عمران موسى الحجامي
اسم المشرف: ميسون شاكر عبد الله | فاضل جبار جودة
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الفيزياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aim of the present research is knowing (effect of using strategies of Plan and activate prior knowledge in the acquisition of physical concepts and the Physical Literacy for Fourth Scientific Class Students), To achieve this aim, the following two zero hypotheses were made : The First Zero Hypothesis : there is no difference statistically significant at the level of (0, 05) between the average grades students three groups (the first pilot which will examine the material planned strategy Blanc second experimental group that will study the same material strategy activate prior knowledge and students of the control group, which will study the same material the adoption of the usual way) in Test acquire physics concepts.The Second Zero Hypothesis : there is no difference statistically significant at the level of (0,0 5) between the mean scores of the three groups students (the first pilot, which will examine the material planned strategy Blanc second experimental group that will study the same material strategy activate prior knowledge and students of the control group, which will study the same material the usual way) to measure physical enlightenment.And identifies research students fourth grade science in junior high schools and government day and secondary schools in Qadisiyah province, and physics all the chapters of the book to be the first and second of the academic year semesters for two (2014 - 2015) m, and chose the researcher randomly (by lot) preparatory olive Boys subsidiaries to Educational Directorate of Diwaniyah to represent a place to make his experience in it. And adopted researcher experimental method, and used the experimentaldesign with three groups disproportionately (two experimental and control group one) with post test concepts and physical enlightenment, and selected three people in a way random assignment to represent the sample, it consisted of (100) students, the rate of (33) students experimental group First studied in accordance with the strategy Blanc and (34) a student second experimental group which studied according to activate prior knowledge strategy, and (33) of the control group students who studied in accordance with the normal way. Rewarded researcher three research groups statistically in the variables (chronological age, and academic achievement former physics thirdaverage grade, and level of intelligence, and testing of the above information in physics, enlightenment physicist), also prepared kits Search of (b determine the scientific material, identify physical concepts , behavioral formulation purposes, the preparation of lesson plans). T he researcher prepared two tools, the first tool (test acquire the concepts), which is in its final form (48) objective paragraph of type (multiple - choice) with four alternatives, has been checked and virtual honesty and sincerity construction, extraction difficulty coefficient and the Click to buy NOW! PDF - XChangewww.tracker - software.com Click to buy NOW! PDF - XChange www.tracker - software.com coefficient of discrimination and the effectiveness of alternatives to paragraphs the objective was to find the stability of the paragraphs of the test using the equation Kiodr - Richardson - reaching 20 (0.82), and the second tool (the Physical Literacy), which is in its final form of (60) items were distributed among the three main areas of physical tandoor (cognitive domain, the domain skills and field emotional), were verified virtual sincerity and genuineness construction, extraction difficulty coefficient and the coefficient of discrimination and the effectiveness of alternatives substantive paragraphs and two areas (knowledge and skills), it has also been discrimination coefficient was calculated for the field of emotional, as well as the expense of the stability of the scale in two ways : the way Kiodr - Richardson - 20 for two knowledge and skills reaching reliability coefficient (0.80), and Cronbach's alpha method for reaching the area of emotional stability coefficient (0.84) A pplied experience in the first and second of the academic yearsemesters (2014 - 2015) and lasted for 21 weeks with three servings of each group and after the end of the experiment was applied two tools Search on three research groups, and has data processing statistically using variance analysis, and test Scheffe , and the use of statistical bag of Social Sciences program SPSS version 20, and the data processor for Microsoft Office Excel 2007, has been the search results showed : 1. superiority the first experimental group which studied according to Blanc strategy to control group which studied the usual way in Test acquire physics concepts.2. superiority the second experimental group which studied according to activate prior knowledge strategy to the control group which studied the usual way in Test acquire physics concepts.3. the lack of a statistically significant difference between the first experimental group which studied according to Blanc strategy and the second experimental group that studied according to activate prior knowledge strategy in Test acquire physics concepts.4. superiority of the first experimental group which studied according to Blanc strategy to control group which studied the usual way in the Physical Literacy.5. outweigh the second experimental group which studied according to activate prior knowledge strategy to the control group which studied the usual way in the Physical Literacy.6. The lack of a statistically significant difference between the first experimental group which studied the strategy in accordance with the Plan and the second experimental group that studied according to activate prior knowledge strategy in the Physical Literacy.I n the light of the research results, a number of conclusions were achieved and a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented.Click to buy NOW! PDF - XChange www.tracker - software.com Click to buy NOW!PDF - XChange www.tracker - software.com
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اثر حدائق الافكار في تحصيل طلبة الصف الرابع العلمي لمادة الفيزياء وتفكيرهم الاستدلالي == The Effect of Gardens Ideas On The Achievement of Physics For The Fourth Grade Scientific Students And Their Indicative Thinking

اسم المؤلف: هيثم حنا جورج نازو
اسم المشرف: فاتن محمود حسن الجندي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الفيزياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ىدف البحث الحالي التعرف اثر حدائق الافكار في تحصيل طلاب الصف ال ا ربع العممي لمادة الفيزياء وتفكيرىم الاستدلالي، ولتحقيق ىذا اليدف لا بد من التحقق من صحة الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاتيتين : .1 لا يوجد فرق ذا دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة ) 0.05 ( بين متوسط در | Recent research have aimed to know the effect of gardens ideas strategy on the achievement of physics for the fourth grade scientific students and their indicative thinking.To verify the aim of this research , the researcher added the following two zero hypotheses : 1 - No statistically significant differences at the level of significance ( 0.05 ) between the students mean scores of the two groups on the achievement test.2 - No statistically significant differences at the level of significance ( 0.05 ) between the students mean scores of the two groups on indicative thinking test.An experimented desigh of tow groups have been used in this research, on the them represents a control group which has been taught by the traditional method while the other group represent the experimental group which has been taught by the gardens ideas strategy.The research was carried out on the fourth grade scientific male students In Al - Mansour in Baghdad; belong to Education Directorate Al - Karkh / 1, for the Academic Year ( 2014 - 2015 ) A.D Prepared research requirements included ] selected the scientific subject chapters ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 and 10 ) from physics textbook, the formulation of behavioral objectives, prepared instructional plans for the experimental groups and control groups[ , after the presentation to a group of specialists.The researcher applied the two research tools by himself, subjective items of multiple choice with ( 4 ) alternatives for achievement test consist of (50), and indicative The research sample was selected intentionally by the researcher which consisted of (80) male students, Randomized into two groups ( 40 ) students in experimental group and ( 40 ) students in control group.The two groups students have been equalization by the following variables : ( Pre physics knowledge, physics scores at mid - year, age in month, intelligence, indicative thinking ).Experimental group students studied by using indicative thinking strategy and the control group students studied by using traditional method, researcher taught the two research groups by himself three lessons per week.Two research tools were applied, achievement test, indicative thinking test to the students of the two groups, after completion the study of Physics chapters under research.Statistical tools used analysis the results.The results showed ( There is a statistically significant difference ) between the experimental & control group students on the achievement test and on indicative thinking test, in favor or the experimental group students.According to what have been mentioned above , the researcher had a number of recommendations which including the use or gardens ideas strategy in teaching physics.In the light of the results, the researcher suggested a researcher that made conduct the effect of "gardens ideas strategy" on other variables and its effect on other science subjects.
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المصادر:

اثر انموذج برانسفورد وشتاين في تحصيل طلاب الصف الاول المتوسط لمادة الفيزياء وتفكيرهم التاملي == The Effects of Bransford And Stein Model Onachievementof The First Intermediate Male Physics In Subject And Their Reflective Thinking

اسم المؤلف: احمد نجم عبد الله الفريجي
اسم المشرف: انعام ابراهيم عبد الرزاق الشمري
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الفيزياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث التعرف على اثر انموذج برانسفورد وشتاين في تحصيل طلاب الصف الاول المتوسط لمادة الفيزياء وتفكيرهم التاملي.وللتحقق من هدف البحث صيغت الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاتيتين : 1 - لايوجد فرق ذا دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجمو | The aim of research is identify The Effects of Bransford and Stein Modelon achievement of the first intermediate Male in Physics Subject and Their Reflective Thinking.To achieve the aims of this research formulated the two nil hypothesis as following : 1 - There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between experimental group students which studied by Bransford and Stein of two model , and which control group students which studied on Physics by normal way achievement test.2 - There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between experimental group students which studied by Bransford and Stein model , and control group students which on studied reflective thinking.To investigate hypotheses research , The researcher depend on experimental design a partial adjustment of two sets of search experimental search and control of post testThe research sample consisted (65) students from boys were selected and distributed randomly as two groups : experimental group (32)student and control group (33)student the equivalence between two groups based on the following variables : (Intelligence , previous information in Physics , reflective thinking test ) The researcher Prepared (40) item multiple - choice achievement test , and (30) item multiple - choice reflective thinking test. It had been confirmed psychometric characteristics of the two tests.After the application of the two tests , data was collected and processed statically using samples (t - test) for independent samples and unequal results showed : 1 - There is statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group students on achievement test for the experimental group. 2 - There is statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group students on reflective test for the experimental group. In light of the result the researcher finding asset of suggestion and recommended the important on Bransford and Stein model in teaching physics and conduct similar studies with other subsidiary variables for different stages.
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القراءة الاستراتيجية وعلاقتها بالتحصيل في مادة الكيمياء عند طالبات الصف الخامس العلمي == Strategy Reading And Its Relation With Achievement of Chemistry Subject The Fifth Scientific Secondary Stage

اسم المؤلف: زينة فارس فاضل البياتي
اسم المشرف: كامل كريم عبيد الزهيري
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الى معرفة العلاقة بين القراءة الاستراتيجية والتحصيل ومدى امتلاك طالبات الصف الخامس العلمي لها، وكانت عينة البحث مكونة من ( 320) طالبة من طالبات الصف الخامس العلمي ضمن محافظة بغداد /الرصافة الاولى للفصل الدراسي الاول من العام 2014 - 2015، اذ | This study aimed to find out the relationship between strategical reading and achievement, and to know the extent to which students fifth grade science; The researcher has used a sample of (320) students from fifth grade science within the province of Baghdad / Rusafa first, the first chapter of the academic year 2014 - 2015.they have been preparing a measure of strategic read by the researcher. And the scale of (42) items, spread over three fields, and prepared collectional Test, composed of (40) Concept paragraph, of multiple choice, the first three chapters in chemistry for fifth grade science, according to the levels of cognitive Bloom, were confirmed Psychometric properties, validity and reliability of the coefficient of discrimination scale testing, and appropriate descriptive approach to the requirements of the research. The results showed a strong positive relationship between reading strategy and the collection of the students. Owning and reading strategy according to the three fields. In light of the results, concluded the researcher, that the strategy of reading a necessity of success and excellence, and an understanding of scientific texts, and suggested that he must adopt all the ways and means by the relevant students to get them to practice it when reading, down to the high level of Reading Comprehension, and thus the ability to conclusion, analysis, and interpretation and reasoning, Quietist.
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واقع ادارة الاصلاح للتعليم الثانوي في العراق == The Reality of Reform Administration In Secondary Education In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: رضا عبد الكريم علي الوائلي
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم كاظم ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الادارة التربوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تشكل مسالة الاصلاح التربوي في النظام التعليمي واحدة من القضايا ذات الاهمية البالغة في مجال الحياة السياسية والاجتماعية للعالم المعاصر. وتحفل اليوم الساحة العالمية بالنشاطات السياسية والمؤتمرات التربوية التي تسعى الى بناء منطق جديد يكفل للتربية المدرسية ا | The educational reform in the educational system is considered one of the most important issues in relation to social and political matters in the contemporary life. There are many political actions and educational conferences all over the world nowadays that aim at building a new logic that ensures educational fede to exceed all the challenges that surround it and enable it to cope with technological advances to develop practical education.The educational system is a good device to renewal, change, reform, development, and coping with modern science and technological changes. This results in the appearance of many new global reforms during the last two decades when many basic changes had taken place including all the educational levels and fields. The present study aims at figuring out the reality of the secondary school educational reform since it is one of the educational systems that stands for a very special educational phase during learners' physical growth, desires, aspirations, and prepare these learners to achieve their society's demands and needs.Study Importance : 1 - Secondary school reform has become a necessity because of the rigidity of its structure, methods, and the learners' performance which directly impact on the school educational message and its role on society. As a result, this leads to reconsider its structure, programs, and how individuals participate and react. 2 - The present study is a basic step to pave the way to research and subsequent studies in reform and development of the secondary school education in Iraq.3 - This study is beneficial for the educating leaders and decision makers and for all who take the responsibility to make the needed reform in the educational process.4 - The topic of this study is new and has never been studied by other researchers before in particular in the secondary school teaching level as the researcher assumes. The goal of the present study is to figure out the reality of the administration reform in the secondary school education in Iraq. The current study is limited to fetch facts from the general managers of the directory of education, supervisors , specialists, and secondary school principals in the following governorates ( Baghdad, Wassit, Missan) during the educational year 2013 - 2014. In the theoretical section ,the current study examined some topics related to ( reform administration, reform concept, secondary school reform entrances, the effective criteria for the educational reform, reform basics in secondary school education, reform demands in secondary school education, and the secondary school education). The research displayed number of studies that dealt with the same topic of the current study, and they were six Iraqi, Arabic, and foreign studies.The researcher adopts the descriptive method in his study and identifies the research community which is formed of (1070)individuals.The research sample has been chosen randomly with a percentage of 40%form the research community. The number of the individuals in the sample is (428), four general managers, two hundred and twenty nine supervisors, and one hundred and ninety five school principals.The research tool is a sort of a survey formed of eight fields ( secondary school education philosophy, secondary school education goals, the curriculum, the teacher, the student, school managers, school building, and supervision). The research tool is credible and consistent. It includes one hundred and twelve parts fairly distributed on the research sample. The statistical devices used in this study are : ( the potential medium, the centennial average, Berson Correlation Equation, and Alphakronbakh equation).This study sums up the conclusion in the following points : 1 - Secondary school building is placed as number one with a potential medium of (2.08) and a centennial average of (68.55). This leads to a new factor that the secondary school building is too old and reduced number of classrooms that do not match the number of the students. And this results in overcrowding the students in one class. This teaching - learning environment is also lacks resources and furniture.2 - The secondary school curriculum comes in the second rank with a potential medium of (2.04), a centennial average of (68.3). This study comes up with a fact that the secondary school curriculum focus on the theoretical side of the material more than the practical one and they do not cope with the scientific and technological progress.3 - Secondary school supervision comes in the third rank with a potential medium of (2.04) , a centennial average of (68.2) and this reflects one fact that there is weakness in the relationship between the school supervision and the educational system.4 - The teacher is in the fourth rank with a potential medium of (1.99), and a centennial average of (66.59). This also indicates one fact the teacher of secondary school lacks effective development programs which helps him to improve the educational process.5 - The aims of the secondary school education comes in the fifth rank with a potential medium of (1.98), and a centennial average of (66.33). This result indicates that the secondary school and the educational administration set good clear goals for the educational process but it does not adopt the updating and development process for these aims.6 - The secondary school education philosophy is in the sixth rank with a potential medium of ( 1.97), and a centennial average of (66.21) and this indicates that there is no understanding for the secondary school educational reform.7 - Secondary school administration is in the seventh rank before the last one with a potential medium of (1.79), and a centennial average of ( 65.91). This result indicates that school administration has no clear vision about school change and reform because of the central decision - making process and the school administration does not participate in the development and reform process.8 - Finally is the student in the eight rank with a potential medium of (1.92), and a centennial average of (64.16). This indicates the weakness of the students achievement.In the light of the research results there are points to be taken into consideration : 1 - Secondary school education suffers from weaknesses in aims and philosophy.2 - There is no clear future vision for the secondary school educational reform and development.3 - There is weakness in the connections between the educational policy and the development and reform in the educational process and individuals.4 - The secondary school administration is not given the right opportunity to participate in the updating and reforming curriculum process.5 - There is a complicated routine in addressing between schools and educational directorates which results negatively on performing suggested plans and projects for the reform.6 - Most of the supervisors adopt the classroom - visit method which results negatively on the relationship between the supervisors and the teachers.7 - The students lack the proper social and psychological guidance inside their schools to help them cope with their environment.8 - School administration lacks modern concepts in running its school. These modern concepts might help in transferring the educational institutions from their traditional performance to a more creative one. 9 - Shortage in school buildings and reduced laboratory tools and resources. There is also shortage in furniture in addition to neglected school yards and gardens. 10 - There is no clear policy adopted by the decision makers to develop the educational curriculum.11 - Lack of the modern methods in teaching which results in creating a boring environment for the students.12 - Adopt central decisions by the ministry of education and never gives the other directorate establishments the right to control and run their business. Recommendations : 1 - Reconsider secondary school education basics make the necessary reform process that ensures a better educational system.2 - Develop the criteria of electing secondary school principals and choose those who are capable of reform and change and those who have creative leading personality to lead secondary schools.3 - Create new school buildings which provide modern communication tools and electronic libraries for the students.Suggestions : 1 - Do a certain study about the basics of making world educational reform.2 - Do a specific study about the reform obstacles in the secondary school education.
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صعوبات تعليم وتعلم منهج الحاسوب للمرحلة الاعدادية ومقترحات لمعالجتها == Difficulties In Teaching And Learning of Computer Curriculum For The Secondary Step And Suggestion To Treatment

اسم المؤلف: امل حسين علي الساعدي
اسم المشرف: حازم سليمان الناصر
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: المناهج وطرائق التدريس
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة (صعوبات تعليم وتعلم منهج الحاسوب للمرحلة الاعدادية ومقترحات معالجتها). عن طريق الاجابة عن التساؤلات الاتية : 1. ما صعوبات تعليم وتعلم منهج الحاسوب للمرحلة الاعدادية من وجهة نظر المدرسين؟2. ما صعوبات تعليم وتعلم منهج الحاسوب لل | The objective of this research is to (know the difficulties of teaching and learning computer approach to the preparatory phase and suggestion to treatment). By answering the following questions : - 1.What difficulties teaching and learning of computer curriculum for junior high stage from the standpoint of the teaching staff?2.What difficulties teaching and learning of computer curriculum for junior high stage from the viewpoint of the students?3.What the proposed solutions with which to overcome these difficulties?The current research is determined by all teachers and teachers of computer material and all the preparatory stage students who are studying this article in the Directorate - General for Education province of Baghdad Karkh (first, second and third) actually for the academic year (2014/2015). The researcher has used a number of steps required to build her research, including : (A) directing an open question to a group of teachers's (25) and a school teacher and (250) students.(B) the identification of a private guide for teachers included (63) paragraph in the initial image and directing special questionnaire for students included (53) paragraph in the initial image.As a researcher unearthed facts psychometric tool to be considered and adopted the proportion (80%) threshold of acceptance between acceptance and rejection of the paragraph, it was the result of this process to reach a final form tool included as a whole (110) vertebrae. As for the stability researcher has adopted internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was the alpha value to identify teachers (0.80) and to identify students (0.82). The researcher reached a number of results, including : 1 1. lack of tests that take place during the school year.2. ignorance of most teachers and educational goals.The researcher also found a number of recommendations, including : 1. the allocation of a large area laboratories.2. Increase the number of quotas for computer material.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر انموذج الرحلات المعرفية في تحصيل مادة الاحياء والتنور التكنولوجي لطلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط == The Effect of Cognitive Model Web Quest In The Collection Achievement For Article Biology And Technological Literacy To Students of The Second Grade

اسم المؤلف: علي عبد الهادي مسلم
اسم المشرف: سالم عبد الله سلمان الموسوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The research aims to find out The Effect of cognitive Web Quest in the collection of material for biology students second grade average and technological literacy , and to verify this goal and put Elsafreeten following two hypotheses : There is no difference statistically significant at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who are studying on the flight in accordance with the cognitive model, and the average score of the control group students who are studying the normal way in accordance with the achievement test. - There is no difference statistically significant at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who are studying on the flight in accordance with the cognitive model, and the average score of the control group students who are studying according to the normal way in the technological literacy scale. The application of experience in the second semester of the academic year (2014 - 2015) to deliberate in the second grade average students in a medium - Harith Boys sample, consisted research sample of 42 student rate of (21) students in the experimental group and 21 students in the control group Achterta wildly, experimental design adopted a post - test and partial adjustment of the two groups unequal, has been teaching classes (VII, VIII, IX) for a book material biology second grade edition, was the preparation of the two tools Find aim to establish the test grades and scale of technological enlightenment, corrupted achievement test (40 ) items, were checking the veracity of the construction and stability of the test using the retail midterm way, where was (), technological literacy scale consisted of (37) items were distributed among three areas (knowledge, skills, emotional) were verified sincerity constructive and persistence reaching reliability coefficient the calculated half - way hash. Researcher adopted M an - Whitney test and Pearson correlation coefficient and statistical averages as a means of research and the results were as follows 1 - The lack of a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the achievement test. 2 - The lack of a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the technological literacy scale
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