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تاثير التلوث البيئي على بعض النباتات النامية في مناطق ملوثة بالعناصر الثقيلة في محافظة نينوى == The Effect of Environmental Pollution on Some Plants Growing in Polluted Sites By Heavy Metals in The Province of Nenivah

اسم المؤلف: حسين صابر محمد علي الراشدي
اسم المشرف: يحيى داؤد وهب المشهداني | خليل ابراهيم بندر النعيمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2009
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في جامعة الموصل / كلية التربية /قسم علوم الحياة، لتحديد بعض المناطق الملوثة بالعناصر الثقيلة (Cu, Zn, Cd) في محافظة نينوى، وتاثيرها على النمو والقيمة الغذائية وتراكمها في الاجزاء المختلفة للانواع النباتية المختلفة المزروعة في هذه المواقع | this study is conducted in the University of Mosul - College of Education department of biology to identify some of the areas polluted with heavy metals (cu, zn, cd) in the Province of Nineveh, and their effect upon the growth and the nutrition value and its accumulation within the different planted species in these areas. Furthermore, the effect of soil treatment with cadmium, zinc, and copper have been studied with different concentration on the physiology growth and response and the nutritious value of the safflower, fenugreek, coriander, and flares and its ability to accumulate the heavy metals in its different parts as a technique of treating polluted soil with heavy elements through plants.The results showed that the upper Maximum recorded value of cadmium and copper in the soil of Hawi ALkanisa area reached 1.509, 15.900 mg/kg soil respectively and zinc in the soil of Hamam Alaleel area which reached 181.470 mg/kg.The most polluted area with heavy metals was Hawi ALkanisa, Alshora, Hamam Alaleel and Aldanadan in comparison with the other areas and this affected negatively on the growth and nutrient value of vegetables (Malva sylvestris, Beta vulgaris, Apium graveolens, Menthae piperitae, Raphanus saltivus, and Lepidium sativum) planted within these area where it had been noticed the decrease of these plants growth and its neutrinos value with respect to plants content of nutritious mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, and sodium with concentration of proteins and carbohydrate and the occurring of an increase in the concentrations of heavy metals (cu, zn, cd) in the different plant parts in comparison with the growing plants in other less polluted areas.It became clear that the most resistant plants to the effects of these elements was the Raphanus sativus which belongs to the plant family Cruciferae known of its role in removing and treating polluted soil with heavy metals.The study in the plastic greenhouse showed that soil treatment with cadmium within concentrations (1, 2, 3) mg/kg and with zinc in concentrations (150, 300, 450) mg/kg and with copper in concentrations (50, 100, 150) mg/kg of soil caused decreasing the growth of safflower, fenugreek, coriander, and flares plants, and decreasing its protein, carbohydrate, and potassium concentration in the different plant parts. Moreover, it caused increasing peroxidaes and Superoxide dismutase enzymes in the Shoot and increasing heavy metals concentration in the different plant (the Shoot and Root group and grains)of the four plants.Also increasing these elements concentration was directly proportional with increase concentration in soil, and the study showed that the most tolerant plants for elements effect was safflower in comparison with the other plants.

دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لانواع الجنس Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) في وسط وشمال العراق == Comparative Taxonomical Study of The Genus Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) in Mid And North of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: محمد عدنان هاشم ال ابليش
اسم المشرف: طالب عويد الخزرجي | عقيل حسين العاصي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث الحالي دراسة مقارنة مظهرية وتشريحية وكيميائية ووراثية لثمانية انواع تابعة للجنس Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) في وسط وشمال العراق هي H.bacciferum Forssk., H.ellipticum Ledeb. H.europaeum L., H.lasiocarpium Fisch., H.noeanum Boiss., H.ramosissi | The current research study is a comparative morphological, anatomical, chemical, genetical of the genus Heliotropium in mid and north of Iraq between eight species belonging to the genus of the family Boraginaceae, and the study included some morphological characteristic of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers (calyx, corolla, stamens, pistils), inflorescence, fruits and pollen grain shows that there are clear differences between the species under study. The study included aspects of anatomy and the differences included the qualities of epidermis leaf and stem and stomata as well as study transverse sections of roots, stems, leaves and petiole and peduncle, fruits, Nutlets and seeds, also studied the system of Venation in the leaf where he studied the type of venation as well as study the direction of midrib, thickness, branching as well as the study of secondary veins, Arrangement, Aerioles and Veinlets that showed clear differences between species.The study showed that pollen grains in the species are Tricolporate in all species except H.bacciferum it contains four grooves and pollen grains of contain Psaudotricolporate found in all species except H.lasiocarpium was completely absent of false grooves have distinguished this species by this character, showed the study of pollen grain Psaudotetracolporate in species H.bacciferum only and did not appear in the rest of the species. the study noted that there are variations evident in the two axes equatorial and polar as well as in the length of the groove, width, the rate of the thickness of the wall of pollen grain, the rate of diameter germination aperture in all species. The study showed clear difference between species in dimensions of upper and lower epidermis leaf, as well as a study stomata index on the surfaces of upper and lower leaves where show that all species were the lower surface more than the upper surface in density of stomata and Trichomes were studied in all parts of plants under study it was observed that there is variation in the distribution of hair and their locations as well as the lengths of hairs and thickness of the walls and shape of apex and base. Studied species in pathway of photosynthesis showed that two species are C4 plants H.noeanum, H.suaveolens either species H.bacciferum, H.ramosissimum, H.lasiocarpium was belong of intermediate C3 - C4 species while the rest were from C3 plants after analysis qualities and similarities of these qualities were very important to isolate the species from each other because present of bundle sheath, thickness of leave in cross section, thickness of cuticle, thickness of chlorenchyma and collenchymas tissues, frequency of stomata and it distribution, the number of aerioles and veinlets density and size. Has also been studying the chemical content of alkaloids and found that there are six alkaloids isolated for the first time from inflorescences for plants belonging to the genus Heliotropium were isolated using the technique liquid chromatography for identified six alkaloids compounds (indicine and supinine, indicine - N - oxide, heleurine, heliotrine and lindelofidine), which included the study of compounds Alkaliods type, concentration and percentage and the pyrrolizidine alkaloids that have a biological importance of cure tumors and cancers. The study showed high percentage of heliotrine in four species of Heliotropium H.bacciferum, H.ramosissimum, H.europaeum, H.noeanum were (48%, 54%, 51%, 54%) while heleurine was high percentage in two species H.suaveolens, H.supinum were (33%, 56%), while the study showed lower percentage of indicine - N - oxide in three species H.ramosissimum, H.noeanum, H.supinum were (2%, 4%, 1%). The current research identified for the first time on the content of the Glycosides from inflorescences in eight species of Heliotropium from mid and north of Iraq. These species are H.bacciferum, H.ellipticum H.europaeum, H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum, H.ramosissimum, H.suaveolens, H.supinum by using the liquid phase chromatography diagnosis of six compounds (heliotrope, isopyrrolidine, isorhamnetin, naringenin, quercetein, triterpene) results showed that plant species studied vary their content of these compounds, with absent of naringenin in the species H.noeanum while absent of triterpene in species H.ellipticum, H.europaeum, H.supinum. They also showed the studied differences in concentrations glycosides and percentage of species as shown H.europaeum, H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum, H.ramosissimum, H.supinum, H.suaveolens lower concentrations (12 - 37 mg / ml) and percentages (1 - 9%) for quercetein compared to the rest of the species studied and the species H.europaeum, H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum, , H.supinum, H.suaveolens were higher concentrations (99 - 442 mg / ml) and percentages (26 - 51 %) for heliotrope compared to other species. These results indicate the possibility of the adoption of the content glycosides for inflorescence criterion for the separation between species as well as use for medical purposes, especially pyrolizidine and isopyrrolidine important in the treatment of tumors and cancer. Studied the genetic variation through the study of random variation indicators RAPD for eight species of the genus Heliotropium, and using 14 primer showed variation between the species under study and were divided into two groups are : 1. Group A : Included only two species H.bacciferum, H.ramosissimum where the genetic distance between these two species (0.249) where the two species are similar in genetic traits and genetic content in the absence of many bands of the primers and appear in the other. 2. Group B : Included six species of the genus Heliotropium under study and was less genetic distance between H.ellipticum, H.europaeum where (0.105) and this is a great similarity in appearance bands between the two species in some of primers, then the following two species were also two other, where he was the closest genetic distance between the two species H.lasiocarpium, H.noeanum where (0.153) and was very close two species of H.ellipticum, H.europaeum were was (0.125). The data were analyzed and characteristics after into the program (NTSYSpc) to study morphological and anatomical, chemical, genetic and find a genetic distance inter - species on the basis of similarity So was isolated species to groups and based on a large number of morphological characteristics and anatomical, chemical, genetic possible distinguish species from each other and show the variation at the level of species belonging to the genus Heliotropium.

دراسة ادلة التنوع الاحيائي لتقييم مجتمع العوالق الحيوانية في نهر الكوفة - العراق == A Study of Biodiversity Indices To Assessment The Zooplankton Community In The Kuffa River - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: حسين عليوي حسن الكرعاوي
اسم المشرف: مهند رمزي نشات
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة على نهر الكوفة في وسط العراق والتي هدفت الى التعرف على التنوع الاحيائي للعوالق الحيوانية من خلال قيم بعض ادلة التنوع الاحيائي وكذلك والتعرف على نوعية المياه من خلال قياس بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه النهر وكذلك من خلال قيم دل | The Present study was carried out on the AL - Kuffa River in the middle of Iraq to know biodiversity of zooplankton by through some of biodiversity indices values and to know water quality by through measurement some physical and chemical characteristics of water as well as by through the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) values. The samples of the study have been collected monthly for water and zooplankton for the period from March 2012 till February 2013 at four selected stations in the river; the first is located in Al - Kufel city, the second in Al - Kuffa city, the third in Aboskeer city and the four after Al - Mushkab city. The study was achieved by measurement of some physical and chemical properties of water were analyzed based on the importance of these parameters the parameters studied included Air temperature, water temperature, pH, water current velocity, turbidity, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, percentage of saturation, biological oxygen demand, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphat, phosphate and nitrate. The study also included biological aspects using density, Rrelative abundance index (Ra), Constancy index (S), Species richness index (D), Shanon - Weiner index (H), Species uniformity index (E) and Jaccard presence - community were also employed to determine the values of species composition, density and zooplankton biodiversity in the study area. The results showed clear consensus from air temperature and water temperature in all study locations.Air and water temperature ranged from 6 to 41 ?C and 7 to 34?C respectively, the Water current velocity values were fluctuated according to the different water levels during the study period and ranged from 0.19 to 0.71 m/sec, while the (TSS) values were low and ranged from 3.54 to 52.05 mg/l, and turbidity 1.69 to 55.76 NTU, the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged was ranged from 7.1 to 8.7, The electrical conductivity values varied from 810 to 1810 ?s/cm, according to the values of salinity 0.51 to 1.158 ‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, (TDS) showed medium values ranged from 440.4 to 977 mg/l. This study showed that river were well oxygenated the dissolved oxygen values ranged from 5.5to12.2mg/l and high percentage of saturation recorded from 72 to 148 %, The study recorded values to the BOD5 were ranged from 0.9 to 6.4 mg/l.The study showed that the water of the river was classified as slight alkaline and bicarbonate ions were dominant throughout the study period according to the values of total alkalinity from110 to 210 mg CaCo3/l, and the river water classified as very hard according to the total hardness values from 237.9 to 538.2 mg CaCo3 /l., While the concentrations of calcium and magnesium were from 73.19 to134.1 and from10.46 to 55.59 mgCaCO3/L respectively, The chlorid and sulfate values were from117.6 to 244.5 mg/l and136.9 to 528.14mg/l respectively, The nutrients showed clear fluctuation in their concentrations, nitrate values were varied from 3.55to36.43?g/l and phosphate values were from 0.15 to 2.89 ?g/L.. In the current study about 164 Taxonomic units of zooplankton were identified, the rotifer was dominate group including 92 taxa to rotifera, 35 taxa belonging to cladocera and 37 taxa to copepod. The Zooplankton showed high density in river 29470 ind /m3 during April 2012 while lower1100 ind/m3 in December 2012 also the rotifer recorder density from 425 to 17925 ind/m3, cladocera density from 25 to 4850 ind/m3 and copepod density from 300 to 15450 ind/m3 the high values were in spring and autumn while lowest values were recorded in summer and winter. The results of relative abundance index showed that the species rotifera : Keratella cochlearis, K.valga, Euchlanis delatata while the cladocera Alona rectangular, Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus, Simocephalus vetulus and the copepods : nauplii were more abundant in the kuffa river. also the results of Constancy index showed fourteen taxa belonged to zooplankton which were considered "Constant" at stations However the other taxonomy units varied from "accessory" and "accidental" taxonomy units in study stations he Values of the index of Species richness of Rotifer varied from 3.42 to18.26 and Cladocera varied from 0.9 to8.13 and Copepod from1.46 to 6.13 with greatest values were recorded in April While lower values in September and June The highest percentage of similarity 70.58% for Zooplankton were reported from stations 3 and 4 in and lowest similarity reaching 50.30% from stations 2 and 3. the Shanon - Weiner index of total Zooplankton varied from 1.81 to 4.13 bit/ind while the Shanon index of Rotifer from 1.85 to 3.78 bit/Ind, Cladocera varied from 0.001 to 3.03 bit/Ind and Copeoda varied from 0.35 to 2.71 bit/Ind with greatest values were recorded in April 2012 and September 2012 While lower values in and June 2012 and January 2013, The uniformity index of Rotifer varied from 0.01 to 0.9, Cladocera from 0.01to 1 and Copeoda from 0.14 to 0.88 These high values indicate that there is no ecological stress on zooplankton in the study area. The results of the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for aquatic life showed that the water quality of River Kuffa in the study area obtained good to marginal level (90.93 - 62.76) the highest value was recorded at station 1 through April 2012 and lowest value was recorded at station 2 through July 2012

التغيرات الفسلجية لضربين من الباميا Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench بتاثير حامض الدبال والزولفاست == Physiological Changes To Varieties of Okra Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench By Effect of Humic Acid And Zolfast

اسم المؤلف: ندى سالم عزيز الموسوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير علي ياسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة في كلية الزراعة/ جامعة القادسية خلال المدة من 10/4/2011 حتى 15/10/2011. الهدف منها دراسة الاستجابة لضربين من الباميا (الحسيناوية والبتيرة) لطريقتي اضافة حامض الدبال ومستحضر الزولفاست (الرش الورقي ومع ماء الري) وبتركيزين لكل منهما (الموصى | This study was conducted in Agriculture College, AL - Qadisiya University during the period of 10/4/2011 till 15/10/2011. The aim of the study was studying response of two okra varieties (Al - Husenawyia and Al - Pteira) humic acid and zolfast application methods (foliar and addition to irrigation water) and this concentration (recommended and doubled) on growth and productivity as well as leaf mineral and fruit medicinal active constituents.The humic acid and zolfast formulas were added by the use of hand sprayer or with irrigation water with the recommended and doubled concentrations for humic acid and zolfast as foliar spraying were 1 ml.L - 1 and 2 ml.L - 1 if doubled respectively while when used with irrigation water 4.8 ml.L - 1 and 9.6 ml.L - 1 if double for humic acid 7.2 and 14.4 ml.L - 1 for zolfast if doubled.The design of the experiment was Randomized complete blocks in a factorial arrangement (2×2×5) in three replications. The RLSD at 0.05 was used as a method to compare means separation treatment effect was evident. The results showed : 1 - Al - Husenawyia variety was superior in total leaf area, vegetative fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights, P% and content addition to specific leaf weight, relative growth rate, fruit length, number of fruit/plant, fruits yield compared to Al - Pteira. Percentage of protein, carbohydrates, total soluble solids, caprylic, lauric saturated fatty acids and all the unsaturated fatty acids. Mucilage, folic acid and oil refractive index were also higher with Al - Husenawyia compared to Al - Pteira had higher stem diameter, fruit fresh and dry weight, K%, boron content and percentage of saturated fatty acids (Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic, Arachidic and Behinic). Ca% was the same for both cultivars.2 - Foliar application method of humic acid and zolfast showed beneficial effect on and all parameters studies except root fresh and dry weight and percentage of saturated fatty acids increased with irrigation water (except Lauric acid which was increased with foliar application). Methods of application did not affect stem diameter, Ca% in leaves and fruit total soluble solids.3 - Although the double recommended concentrations of humic acid and Zolfast reduced saturated fatty acids significantly their recommended concentration lowered saturated fatty acids (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic, Arachidic and Behinic) compared to control treatment. Percentage of fiber was lower with the use of zolfast compared to humic acid and control. While K% was lowered when zolfast used in the double recommended concentration. No significant difference were found between the recommended concentrations of humic acid or zolfast in stem diameter, total leaf area, relative growth rate, vegetative dry weight, root dry weight, P%, Ca%, boron content, fruit length, number of fruit/ plant, fruit dry weight, mucilage, carbohydrates%, folic acid, oil%, percentage of saturated fatty acids (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic and Arachidic) and unsaturated fatty acids (Oleic and Linoleic) and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids/saturated.4 - The interaction between cultivars and methods of application revealed that foliar application of both humic acid and zolfast reduced saturated fatty acid (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic and Arachidic) significantly of both cultivars, compared to their addition to irrigation.5 - The interaction between cultivars and substances of application (humic acid and zolfast concentrations revealed that both cultivars had different response in some traits of studied to applied concentrations of humic and zolfast. Al - Husenawyia variety had higher vegetative fresh weight, root dry weight and fruit of mucilage content with the double recommended humic acid. While Al - Pteira variety had higher TSS% and Lauric acid% when used the double recommended concentration of zolfast.6 - The interaction between methods of application and concentrations of application substances showed superior effect on some studied parameters. Foliar application method was superior on addition to irrigation application with all concentrations except root fresh and dry weight and saturated fatty acids% (except Lauric acid) which were increased when added to the irrigation water to all concentrations of application substances. The same interaction did not revealed significant difference in stem diameter, Ca% and fruit fresh and dry weight.7 - The three way interaction factors studied in the experiment revealed an increase in growth parameter of both cultivars when humic acid and zolfast were added in their higher concentration (double recommended) by foliar application expect root fresh and dry weight and saturated fatty acids% (except Lauric acid) which were increased when added to the irrigation water. Al - Husenawyia variety was higher in all parameters with the use of higher concentration of humic acid and zolfast when applied with irrigation water or foliar application. The three way interaction revealed no significant difference in stem diameter, vegetative dry weight, Ca%, fruit fresh and dry weight, TSS%, percentage of oil and unsaturated fatty acids (Linoleic and Myristoleic).8 - Results of electrophoresis analysis revealed that the use of the doubled recommended concentration of humic acid and zolfast with irrigation water participated in building higher protein molecules in fruits to both cultivars. While the double recommended concentration of humic acid and zolfast did not show this trait when foliar applied.

تقييم الاستجابة المناعية عند المرضى المصابين بالجرب في محافظة النجف == Evaluation of Immune Response In Scabietic Patients In Najaf Governorate

اسم المؤلف: ملاك ماجد عبد الامير الموسوي
اسم المشرف: هادي رسول حسن | ازر هادي ملوكي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة النجف في الفترة الممتدة مابين شباط 2012 لغاية تشرين الثاني 2013 في العيادة الاستشارية للجلدية في مدينة الصدر الطبية وكليتي العلوم والتربية للبنات في جامعة الكوفة. كان عدد المصابين بالجرب الذين ارتادوا العيادة الاستشارية لل | The present study was carried out in Najaf governorate, during the period from February 2012 till November 2013 in Dermatology Outpatient Clinic in Al - Sader Medical City, College of Science and College of Education for Girls in Kufa University. The number of scabietic patients who attended the outpatient clinic during February to November 2012 were 300 (168 males and 132 females). Their ages ranged from 10 to 65 years. They were included to show the prevalence of scabies. Sixty scabietic patients (out of 300 patients) who did not have allergic diseases, helminthic infections, previous attack with scabies, and/or getting any antihistamines drugs were included for human IL - 1?, TNF - ?, IL - 4, IL - 5 and total IgE assays using ELISA technique; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay and eosinophils(%). These assays were applied on scabietic patients (who were divided according to onset of symptoms or duration of scabies symptoms into early and late scabietic patients) as well as healthy controls.Also Sarcoptes scabiei mite proteins were extracted. Then heat stable mite proteins concentration was determined by Bradford’s method. SDS - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) analysis was used. The activity of mite allergens was assayed by skin prick test (SPT) in 10 scabietic patients and 5 controls with 1.2 ?g/ml and 2.4 ?g/ml. House dust mite (HDM) antigens were skin prick tested in patients with scabies and controls.The prevalence of scabies in current study constituted 6.54% from all the dermatoses which attended the clinic. The males represented 56% and females were 44%. The age group (10 - 19) years was the highest prevalence of scabies (41.7%). Early scabietic patients represented 72% versus late scabietic patients were 28%. The results revealed that a highly significant elevation (p< 0.001) in serum cytokines (IL - 1?, TNF - ?, IL - 4 and IL - 5) as well as IgE, SOD and eosinophils (%) in the two groups of scabietic patients in comparison to the controls.Results of correlation demonstrated that IgE, SOD and eosinophils (%) were positively and significantly correlated (p< 0.001) with the studied cytokines in early, late scabietic and control groups. IgE was positively correlated with IL - 1?, TNF - ?, IL - 4 and IL - 5 in early scabietic patients, whereas, it had negative correlation with IL - 1?, TNF - ?, and positive correlation with IL - 4 and IL - 5 in late ones. SOD showed negative correlation with IL - 1? and TNF - ?, and positive correlation appeared with IL - 4 and IL - 5 in both scabietic patients. Eosinophils (%) were positively correlated with all the studied cytokines in two groups of scabietic patients.The results also revealed that SDS - PAGE profile of the parasite heat stable proteins consisted of protein bands with molecular weights ranged from less than 10 to over than 100 kDa. Skin test demonstrated that (7/10, 70%) and (8/10, 80%) of scabietic patients had a positivity against 1.2 ?g/ml and 2.4 ?g/ml of sarcoptic mite extracts, respectively when prick tested. HDM extract was found to be positive in (4/10, 40%) of scabietic patients; while controls revealed negative result.It can be concluded that scabies affect TH1 and TH2 immune response as well as SOD activity and eosinophils. Sarcoptic proteins contain heat stable allergens which able to cause immediate type - 1 hypersensitivity when 1.2?g/ml of mite protein is skin prick tested, and there is a cross reactivity between Sarcoptes scabiei and HDM allergens

استخدام التراكم الحيوي للعناصر الثقيلة في انسجة الديدان المتطفلة على نوعين من اسماك المياة العذبة في محافظة القادسية == The Usage of Bio - Accumulation of Heavy Meyals In Tissues of Parasitic Helminthes of Two Types of Fresh Waters Fishes In Al - Qadisiya Governorat.

اسم المؤلف: عاصفة مطرود ياسين المياحي
اسم المشرف: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في اربعة انهار ضمن محافظة القادسية هي نهرالديوانية والشامية والحمزة وعفك, اذ جمعت 945 سمكة تعود لنوعين من الاسماك هما الشبوط الاعتيادي Barbus grypus والخشني Liza abu وبعــد فحصها وجـد ان 205 سمكة مـن اسماك الشبوط الاعتيادي و344 سمكة | The present study has been conducted in four parts of AL - Qadisiya (Diwaniya center, Shamiya, Hamza and Afaq). A sample of 945 fish of Barbus grypus and Liza abu has been examined. It was found that 205 of the Barbus grypus fish and 344 of the Liza abu were infected with parasitic intestinal worms. Some parasitic intestinal worms have been detected such as the Neoechinorynchus iraqensis in both fish types. The female paulisentus in Barbus grypus, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi were found in both Barbus grypus, Liza abu and the larva of Contracaecum spp was seen in the Liza abu and Barbus grypus type. In Diwaniya river had high infection of both fish types was 61.31%. The Barbus grypus fish were recorded with 70.11% while the Liza abu fish infection was 57.21%.. In Hamza river the total percentage of infection was 56.79 % in both types. The Liza abu infection in the four parts of Diwaniya as 56.30%. In September the infection percentage was higher by 63.21% in the two kinds of fish. while in February, December the infection rate was as low as 50%. It was also found that length categories of (26 - 24.1)cm of Barbus grypus had high percentage of 67.16%, while the length category (28 - 26.1) cm suffered 64.47% infection with intestinal worms in the length category (> - 30.1) was 22.22%.As for the Liza abu it had a high percentage of infection in length category (12 - 10.1) cm, the percentage was 67.53% and dropped to 46.53% in length category (8 - 6)cm.The present study has discovered many pathological changes (visable and microscopic)caused by the intestinal worms, Among the visable changes was embolism and bleeding of the walls of the infected intestinal microscopic changes included an increase in the phlogistic and phagocytic cell and ruining of the internal tissue lining the intestines and atrophy villi.Eight heavy metals were measured.They included Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Copper, Manganese, Mercuryand Chromiumby means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer tissues from the a forementioned types of fish were measured for these heavy metals these tissues were from the liver, muscles, gills, two kinds of intestinal worms (Cestode and Nematode) were measured also water and sediments (deposits) from four districts of Diwaniya throughout the year, Cadmium registered high concentrations in autumn (12.67) Mg/ gm in the liver of the Barbus grypus. lower concentrations of Cadmium were registered in Winter (1.30) Mg/ gm in the liver of Liza abu.The Barbus grypus livers had high concentrations of lead in autumn (21.03) Mg/ gm in Hamza rivers, where as gills of the Liza abu registered lower concentrations(6.43) Mg/gm in spring.The livers of the Barbus grypus registered high concentrations of zine in autumn which where (32.27)Mg/ gm in Hamza river. Shamiya river they dropped to 21.17 Mg/ gm in spring, It was observed that Nickel had high concentrations in the livers of both fish types, The highest of which was in autumn, the the Hamza river had the highest concentrations in autumn which were (29.17, 28.63, 27.67) Mg/gm.In spring the nickel concentrations were low in the gills of the Liza abu11.10 Mg/ gm in Shamiya river, The livers of the Barbus grypus had the most concentrations of copper which reached 2.02 Mg/ gm while livers of the Liza abu had 1.92 Mg/ gm concentrations in autumn in Hamza river.Manganese showed low concentrations in the Liza abu gills in winter and spring they ranged (1.67, 1.73) in Shamiya river, manganese concentrations increased in autumn and summer to reach (14.83, 10.07) Mg/ gm in the Liza abu liver and (15.13, 10.57) Mg/ gm in the muscles of the Barbus grypus in Hamza river, Marcury had the lowest concentrations 24.37 Mg/ gm in the gills of Liza abu in Afaq river, It was observed that the livers of the Barbus grypus were more vulnerable, the highest concentrations was registered 49.97 Mg/ gm in Hamza river followed by Diwaniya which registered 48.97 Mg/m in autumn. Chromium registered lowest concentrations compared to the other metals,.cestodes isolated from the Barbus grypus registered high of mercury concentrations that reached 37.667 and 37.300 Mg/ gm in Hamza and Diwaniya rivers, chrome concentrations was low in the tape worms 0.166 Mg/ gm while nematodes, the concentrations was 0.157 Mg/ gm in Shamiya river.cestoda and nematodais isolated from the intestines of Liza abu registered high concentrations in autumn, cestoda had the most of the concentrations of heavy metals, Mercury and nickel had high concentrations of (35.783, 25.840) Mg/gm, copper and chrome had lower concentrations(1.881, 0.174) Mg/gm inHamza river, nematode registered high concentrations that reached 33.994 Mg/ gm in mercury in Hamza river.As for the rivers sediments Autumn was the most effected by heavy metals for the sediments in Hamza river had high concentrations in Manganese, mercury, and chrome (367, 376.97, 290.93) Mg/ gm respectively while the lowest concentrations was for copper 22.53 Microgram/gram in Shamiya river in spring. The rivers water registered low concentrations of heavy metals in spring, The Shamiya river had low concentrations of lead and cadmium (80.57, 54.60) Mg/gm, autumn registered higher concentrations compared to spring where the highest concentration of manganese and Copper was (512.37, 442.83) Mg / gm in Hamza river.

تاثير عدد من المستخلصات النباتية الطبية في تركيز هرمون الميلاتونين وبعض المتغيرات الفسلجية والنسجية في ذكور الجرذان البيض == Effect of Many Medical Plant Extracts in Melatonin Hormone Concentration And Some of Physiological And Histological Parameters in Albino Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: وداد محمود لهمود العبيدي
اسم المشرف: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الفسلجة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية للبحث في الاجهاد التاكسدي المستحدث بتاثير الجرعة العلاجية لعنصر الحديد لوحده بشكل املاح الحديد بهيئة اقراص Ferrous fumarat (2.85ملغم/كغم من وزن الجسم/يوم)التي تعادل (200ملغم /70كغم من وزن جسم الانسان /يوم)وقد بلغت كمية الحديد فيها (0. | The current study was designed to observe the oxidative stress induced by first dose for Iron salt alone as ferrous fumarat (2.85 mg /kg of b.wt./day)was equivalent to (200mg/70 kg of b.wt. of person)and it is containing of iron (0.94mg iron/kg of b.wt.), or by giving together doses of iron (ferrous fumarat) salt conjunction with doses of copper (in copper sulfate) in white male rats which has been given one of The experimental unit (8.57 mg/kg b.wt./day)was equivalent to (600mg / 70 kg of b.wt. of person) which use for treating acute anemia, in experimental group were given dose (8.57 mg/kg b.wt./day + 8.57 mg copper sulfat/kg b.wt./day) daily by the oral feeding and the dosage considered as the (first treatment group), with regard to a second dose of iron and copper were as follows (17 mg iron /kg b.wt./day +17 mg copper/kg b.wt./day) and considered a (second dose), research on the role of the aqueous extracts for number of plant commonly used in popular medicine like pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), green tea (Comellia sinensis L.) and virgin olive oil (Olea europaea L.) to limit or inhibit the accumulation of these salts in number of organic Tissues and normalization of the variables in the balance oxidants - antioxidants and a number of Biochemical and Physiological parameters in addition to the Histological Changes in Liver, Kidney and Testis of the white male rats used through 30 day of The experiment, The present study aimed to evaluate activity of many plant juice Like sour Cherry (Prunu scersus L) sweet Cherry (Prunu savium L.)sweet paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) and Banana (Musa paradisiacal L.) in number of Biochemical and Physiological variation, in addition to Histological changes in the Liver, Kidney and Testis in white male rats and oxidative stress induced by Hydrogen peroxide(0.5%) during the experimental period of 30. current study investigation included the effect of exposing the white male rats for continuous lighting and the constant darkness for a period (30 days).The present study aimed show the effect of Tryptophan experimental in most Physiological, Biochemical and Histological activities. The experiments had been performed in the animal house at Dept.of Biology of Education Fecundity at Tikrit Univ. from Jan. 2011 through July 2011. male rats were measured (250 - 350)gram, in age (16 - 20) weeks, (110) experimental, the rats were divided to (22) groups in which each consisted of (5) rats.The first experiment results have revealed the following : - 1 - The giving of Ferro alone and the Second dose has caused a noticed significant increase at the level of (p<0.01) in the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) and in the concentrations of each of Glucose(Glu), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low density of lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), (VLDL - C), Malondialdehyde(MDA)and Peroxy nitrite(ONOO.) compared with control group, whereas it caused a high significant decrease at the level of (p< 0.01) in the concentration of each of High Density of lipoprotein of cholesterol(HDL - C), Total protein (TP), Glutathione(GSH) and ceruloplasmin(CP) and a decrease in sperm parameters. The two groups have also noticed a significant decrease of (p<0.01) in the concentrations of the melatonin hormone in the rats blood serum, growth Hormone and the Luteinizing hormone, in addition to the testosterone hormone and a decrease in the effectiveness of the catalase enzyme; taking into consideration the accumulative increase of Ferro element in the liver, kidneys and testes for both groups. As for the accumulation of copper, it has been noticed in the second dose group in liver, kidneys, and testes tissues, whereas the group of animals exposed to Ferro alone has noticed a high significant decrease in copper concentration in the three studied organs.2 - The giving of a first dose to white male rats (rattus ratus) has revealed a lack of significant differences in each of the total number of white blood cells, and the concentrations of most of biochemical parameters and sperm parameters, taking into consideration the significant decrease in the concentrations of each of (HDL - C), (GSH), (CP), (Mel), and (CAT). It has been noticed the occurrence of a significant increase in the concentration of (LDL - C). This group has also suffered a significant and insignificant increase in the Ferro accumulation in the studied organs, with a simple decrease of the accumulation of copper element in the three studied elements compared to the sound control group.3 - The giving of the three vegetal extracts which are Punica granatum L., Comellia sinensis L., and Olea europaea L. for animals exposed to second dose has caused a high significant decrease (p< 0.01). The effective power of extracts according to their arrangement and order in which first is Olea europaea L., then Punica granatum L., and lastly is Camellia sinensis L. have revealed positive significant changing in many biochemical parameters, with high significant increasing in (Mel), (GH), (LH), and (T) blood serum conc. in addition to the effectiveness of (CAT), compared to the group of animals exposed to second dose. All the sperm parameters in each of Olea europaea L. and Punica granatum L. have revealed a significant increase compared to the second dose group, whereas the Comellia sinensis L. has not revealed the occurrence of significant changes in most of the sperm parameters except in the percentage of active and moving sperms when compared with the second dose group.As for the accumulation of mineral elements, all the groups treated with vegetal extracts and exposed to second dose have witnessed a decrease in the accumulation of Ferro element in the liver, kidneys and testes tissues when compared with the second dose group, and this is also a fact concerning the accumulation of copper element.4 - The giving of Ferro alone and second dose have caused clear malady and tissue changes represented by diffusion of fat drops in a wide range between the liver cells. There has also been a poisonous and harmful effect of kidney tissue represented by the harm occurring in the disintegration and damage of the glomerulus and damage to the renal tubules, on the level of testis tissue, there have occurred huge damages in most tissue structures of the testes with a loss of most of the sperm formation stages, whereas the first dose group has not revealed any clear tissue changes compared to the sound control group. These changes have decreased when treated with vegetal extracts for each of Punica grantum L., Olea europaea L. and Comellia sinensis L. with the availability of Ferro and copper elements, since these elements have largely decreased the negative effects by affecting the three tissue levels which are liver, kidney and testes. Olea europaea L. has revealed a magnificent role on the reformative level of damaged tissues with a big similarity to the control group which exceeded both of Punica granatum L. and Comellia sinensis L. compared to the second dose group.Second experiment results : - 1 - The treatment of animals with hydrogen peroxide revealed very high significant changes at the level of (p<0.01), (p<0.05) in white blood cells, and in most of the biochemical and hormone criteria and sperm parameters which are similar to the effect of each of the Ferro dose alone and the second dose when compared with the sound control group.2 - The treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide with Capsicum annuum L. and Musa paradisiacal L. separately Shown positive effect more than Prunus cersus L. and Prunus avium L. all juice led to the occurrence of noticed significant decrease at the level of (p<0.01) in the total number of white blood cells and in the concentrations of (Glu), (TC), (TG), (LDL - C), (VLDL - C), (MAD) and the root (ONOO.). This is compared with the group exposed to hydrogen peroxide alone, taking into consideration the occurrence of high significant increase in the concentrations of (HDL - C), (TP), (GSH), (CP) and in sperm parameters. There has also been noticed a significant increase in (p<0.01) in the concentrations of each of (Mel), (GH), (T) and (CAT)and (LH) compared to the group exposed to hydrogen peroxide alone.3 - The treatment with industrial tryptophan did not reveal any changes in the total number of most of the studied biochemical and hormone concentrations, but there has been witnessed an occurrence of significant decrease in the concentration of (LDL - C). As for the sperm parameters, the changes were between significant decrease and no significant changes when compared with the control group, with a significant increase in the effectiveness of enzyme CAT and concentration of hormone (Mel) in blood plasma with the sound control group.4 - The exposition of male rats (rattus ratus) to a period of continuous lightness led to the occurrence of several physiological and biochemical changes and to a high significant increase of (p<0.01) in sperm parameters and in the concentrations of hormones (Mel), (GH), (T), and (CAT) in blood plasma when compared with the control group; except for the occurrence of high significant increase in concentration of (LH). The darkness group revealed slight insignificant changes in most of the biochemical criteria and between the lack of changes in concentrations of (GH), hormone (T) and enzyme (CAT). This group also suffered the occurrence of high significant increase in concentration of (Mel) and a significant decrease in concentration of hormone (LH) when compared to the control group.5 - The giving (H2O2)caused several tissue changes in the livers of male rats (Rattus ratus). This has caused clear tissue and malady changes and similar to the Ferro and second dose groups. These changes have reduced when treated with Prunus cersus L., Prunus avium L., Capsicum annuum L. and Musa paradisiacal L. with the presence of hydrogen peroxide in that it greatly reduced the negative effects of hydrogen peroxide on the level of the three tissues of liver, kidney and testes. There is a lack of harmful tissue effects of industrial tryptophan on the tissues under study, when compared with the control group. In addition, both groups of rats exposed to durations of continuous lightness and darkness have suffered very huge tissue damage on the level of the three tissues, but the continuous lightness group suffered more damage when compared with the control group and continuous darkness duration.

تاثير بنزوات الصوديوم كمادة حافظة في مستويات بعض الهرمونات والمعايير الكيموحيوية في ذكور الجرذان البيض == Effect of Sodium Benzoate As A Preservative In Levels of Some Hormones And Biochemical Parameters In White Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: اسيل نجاح صبر
اسم المشرف: احسان ريسان ابراهيم الركابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تحديد تاثيرات مادة بنزوات الصوديوم في مستويات بعض الهرمونات ومؤشرات الاجهاد التاكسدي والمعايير الكيموحيوية في ذكور الجرذان البالغة وغير البالغة ولمدد مختلفة. ولبيان هذه التاثيرات صممت تجربتين رئيستين لهذه الدراسة، استعمل في التجربة ا | This study was aimed to determining the effects of sodium benzoate in the levels of some hormones and oxidative stress indicators as well as biochemical parameters in mature and immature albino male rats in different durations.To detect these effects two main experiments were designed in the current study, (60) immature male rats were used in the first main experiment that included three secondary experiments each one of these was included four groups of immature albino male rats, (5) male for each group.In the first secondary experiment G1, G2, and G3 groups were orally given sodium benzoate daily in concentrations of 50, 100, 200 mg/ kg of body weight for one week, whereas in the second and the third secondary experiments G1, G2, and G3 groups were orally given sodium benzoate in the same concentrations daily for two and three weeks respectively. The control groups of the three secondary experiments were given distilled water throughout experiments. (60) of mature male rats were used in the second main experiment that have included the same design as the previous one.After the end of treatments in each experiment, the following parameters were studied : hormonal parameters that included corticosterone, luteinizing hormone LH, testosterone T, thyroid stimulating hormoneTSH and thyroxin T4, oxidative stress indicators (glutathione and malodialdehyde) and biochemical parameters that included (liver enzymes ALT and AST, total bilirubin, albumin, globuoline, total serum protein, sodium and potassium).The results of the first main experiment are pointed out : 1 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the level of corticosterone hormone in both G2 and G3 groups during one weak of treatment and in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of each treatment. 2 - A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in G3 group also the thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxin in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment, the levels of all these hormones were also revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment. 3 - A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the glutathione level was accompanied by a significant increase in the malondialdehyde level in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment and also in the G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 4 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the ALT and AST enzymes levels in G1, G2 and G3 groups during each duration of experiment in comparison with control groups. 5 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the total bilirubin level in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment. Also in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 6 - A significant decrease(P<0.05) in the albumin and total serum protein levels in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment, the decreased albumin and globuline levels were also accompanied by a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of total serum protein in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups.7 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the sodium level in G1, G2, and G3 groups during each duration of experiment in comparison with control groups. 8 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the potassium level in both G2 and G3 groups during one week of treatment and in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 9 - Comparison between treatments durations for all parameters was showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in levels of most parameters during two and three weeks of treatment in both G1 and G2 and with increasment of treatment duration in G3. The results of the second main experiment were presented that : 1 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the corticosterone level in G3 during one week of treatment also in both G2 and G3groups during two weeks of treatment as well as in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 2 - A significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of luteinizing hormone, testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxin in both G2 and G3 groups during two weeks of treatment and in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 3 - A significant decrease(P<0.05) in the glutathione level was accompanied by a significant increase in the malondialdehyde level in both G1and G2 during two weeks of treatment, as well as in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 4 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the ALT and AST enzymes levels in the G1, G2 and G3 groups during each duration of experiment in comparison with control groups. 5 - A significant increase(P<0.05) in the total bilirubin level in G3group during one week treatment, also in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups. 6 - A significant decrease(P<0.05) in the albumin and total serum protein levels in G3 group during one weak treatment, also in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two weeks treatment. The significant decrease(P<0.05) in the albumin and globuline levels in G1, G2, and G3 groups during three weeks treatment was accompanied by a significant decrease in the total serum protein level in compare with control groups.7 - A significant increase (P<0.05) in the sodium and potassium levels in G1, G2, and G3 groups during two and three weeks of treatment in comparison with control groups.8 - Comparison between treatments durations for all parameters was showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in levels of most parameters during three weeks of treatment in G1 and during two and three weeks of treatment in G2 and G3.

تاثير فطريات المايكو راي زا الشجيرية والمادة العضوية في مرض الذبول المتسبب عن الفطر Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici في نبات الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum == Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza And Organic Matter On Wilting Caused By (Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp. Lycopersici) In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum)

اسم المؤلف: ثامر عبد الشهيد محسن علي الابراهيمي
اسم المشرف: بتول زينل علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three arbuscular mycorrhizal species (Glomus etunicatum, G. leptotichum, Rhizophagus intraradices) and the organic matter (Peatmoss) on controlling the wilting caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici on tomatoes using pot cultures. The study was included two experiments : 1 - The first experiments was performed to select the best mycorrhizal species or a maxture of two or three species acting on several parameters, Results showed the followings : - Significant increase of the tri mixture activity of the three mycorrhizal species compared to the dual mixture or single species on mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal dependency and the weight of mycorrhizal roots after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the trimixture of AM fungi in increasing the plant growth parameters after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the tri mixture of AM fungi in increasing the percentage of N, P, K and the protein in leaves and roots after 8 weeks planting compared to other treatments.2 - The second experiment was performed to study the effect of the tri mixture of AM fungi (which gave the highest activity in the first experiments) and the organic matter in the presence of the pathogen F.o.l. and their interactions on mycorrhizal parameters, disease parameters, analysis of some elements and compounds, study of some plant growth parameters, enzymatic and non - enzymatic antioxidants in tomato plant, Results revealed the followings : - Significant increase in mycorrhizal colonization included % of mycorrhizal frequency, mycorrhizal intensity in the root system, mycorrhizal intensity in in root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in parts of root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in root system and the highest values were shown in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after six and ten weeks planting. - Significant increase in dry weight of mycorrhizal roots, the highest was shown in the treatment (organic matter x control) after 10 weeks planting. - Increase in percentage of mycorrhizal dependency after 6 and 10 weeks planting and the highest percentage was shown in the treatment (absence organic matter x control) after 10 weeks. - Increase in number of mycorrhizal spores, the highest was recorded in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after 12 weeks. - Significant decrease in % of disease parameters in leaves and roots, the lowest percentage were recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) for all parameters. - Results of plant growth parameters showed significant increase of all for different weeks. The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) recorded the highest for all parameters tested in plant. - The treatments affected the flowering and fruit duration, the shortest was shown by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) - Significant increase in percentage of N, K and protein in leaves and roots, and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in leaves, the highest values were shown in treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control). - The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) recorded the highest percentage of P, souble carbohydrates, highest content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in leaves and roots as well as highest percentage of lignin in roots. - Significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots, the highest activity recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x absence organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection). - Significant increase of non - antioxidant enzymatic in antioxidants included content of carotene in leaves, content of ascorbic acid, proline, total phenol, and glutathione in leaves and roots, The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) showed the highest content of carotene and ascorbic acid while the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) showed the highest content of proline, total phenol and glutathione in leaves and roots.

دراسة تصنيفية لانواع مختارة من نباتات ذوات الفلقتين في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة, العراق == Taxanomical Study For Selected Dicot. Spp. In The Holy Karbala Province, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: زينة خليل ابراهيم البهادلي
اسم المشرف: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي | خليل ابراهيم الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة بيئية لعدة مواقع من محافظة كربلاء المقدسة بين شهري شباط وايار ولسنتي 2013 و2014 من حيث نوع الترب والمجتمعات الاحيائية لهذه المواقع جمعت خلالها انواع مختلفة من النباتات تابعة لعائلات مختلفة ضمن ذوات الفلقة الواحدة وذوات الفلقتين اذ | The present work includes ecological study for different locations of the holy Karbala province between February and May and for the years2013, 2014, investigating soil kinds and communities in these locations. Different plant species of Monocots and Dicots were collected from variable soil kinds, such as sandy saline soil, loamy saline soil and sandy gravely soil. The species of Haloxylon salicornicum, Zygophyllum coccenium were dominant in the communities of sandy saline soil, Nitraria retusa, Juncus sp. and Halocnemum strobilaceum were dominant in loamy saline soil.Comparative anatomical study has been done for (30) Dicots wild species grown in these environments of Karbala province, as follow : a.Family : Aizooaceae1) Aizoon hispanicum L. b.Family : Chenopodiaceae2) Chenopodium murale L.3) Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.)M.Bieb.4) Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.)Bunge ex. Boiss.5) Salicornia herbacea L.c. Family : Compositae (Asteraceae)6) Carthamus oxycantha M.B. 7) Launaea capitata (Spreng.)Dany 8) Launaea mucronata (Forssk.)Muschl. 9) Rechardia tingitana (L.)Roth. d. Family : Convolvulaceae10) Convolvulus oxypyllus Boiss. e. Family : Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)11) Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.)Bioss. 12) Sterigosella africana (L.)Boch. 13) Sterigosella grandiflora (Bnge)Bochantsev 14) Savignya parviflora (Del.)Webb. 15) Neotorularia torulosa (Desf.) Hedge & J. Leonard 16) Zilla spinosa (Turra)Prantl. f. Family : Cucurbitaceae 17) Citrullus colocynthis (L.)Schrad. g. Family : Geraniaceae18) Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd.h. Family : Malvaceae19) Malva parviflora L. i. Family : Neuradaceae 20) Neurada procumbens L. j. Family : Nitrariaceae21) Nitraria retusa (Forssk.)Aschers.22) Peganum harmala L. k. Family : Papillionaceae23) Trigonella stellata Forssk. m. Family : Polygoniaceae 24) Rumex versicarius L. n. Family : Resedaceae25) Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl)Macbr.q. Family : Solaneaceae 26) Lycium barbarum L.r. Family : Tamaricaceae 27) Tamarix florida Bge.28) Tamarix macrocarpa (Ehrenb.)Bge.u. Family : Zygophyllaceae29) Fagonia glutinosa Del. 30) Zygophyllum coccenium L. The present research focused on many anatomical characters and studies comparatively, such as epidermis types, stomatal complexes, leaf venation, cross sections of root, stem and vertical sections of leaf blades. Different cross sections were shows variability cuticle thickness and epidermis, vascular cylinder tissues, collenchyma and sclerenchyma in different species studies. Variations were noticed among these tissues in the variable species.Thickness of cuticle epidermis of leaves were variable, and unifacial and bifacial mesophylls were noticed for the first time in some species studies. Some cross sections were obtained for scale leaves in Tamarix florida, Tamarix macrocarpa, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Haloxylon salicornicum and Salicornia herbacea.The anatomical characters of these plant parts has not been studied before for these species, at least for Iraqi specimens. The following species Launaea capitata, Oligomeris linifolia and Zilla spinosa were glabrous in all vegetative and reproductive organs. In time that the other species, Haloxylon salicornicum , Salicornia herbacea, Launaea mucronata, Reichardia tingitana, Strigosella grandiflora , Peganum harmala, Lycium barbarum, Tamarix florida and Tamarix macrocarpa were glabrous just in the vegetative parts, but hairy (pubescent) in the reproductive organs. The indumentums was variable in thickness within variable plant organs and parts, even on the lower and upper leaf surfaces. Different kinds of crystals were found and verified in the stems and leaves of different species. Size and density of these crystals were variable in variable locations of stem and leaf tissues.. Geographical distribution was investigated for all the studied species using Iraqi satellite maps by GIS program. Neotorularia torulosa was the most distributed species, and Rumex versicarius was the least distributed one. Schedules, schemes, illustrations and micrographs were presented for the different species studied in this work. Lastly results were discussed depending on available references and reasons.

دراسة تصنيفية لانواع الجنس Echinops L. (Compositae) في العراق == Comparative And Systematical Study of The Genus Echinops L. (Compositae) In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: سكينة عباس عليوي
اسم المشرف: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لانواع الجنس Echinops L. في العراق حيث شملت الصفات المظهرية والتشريحية وحبوب اللقاح، وكذلك البيئة التوزيع الجغرافي فضلا عن المعاملة التصنيفية. شملت الدراسة المظهرية دراسة صفات الجذور والسيقان والاوراق والرؤوس الزهري | The present investigation dealt with comparative systematic study of the genus Echinops L. (Compositae) in Iraq.The work involved comparative morphological and anatomical characters, in addition to palynology, ecology, geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment for these species. Morphological characters of roots, leaves, involucre bracts, inflorescence, in addition to, indumentum variations were discussed and the study concluded that stems, leaves, involucres bracts, especially the inner most layer characters were useful aid in distributing species of the genus. Comparative anatomical characters were used, such as characters of leaves, epidermis stomatal complexes, variation patterns, cross sectionings of stems, leaves as well as L.S of growing points. The study revealed that the anatomical characters are important taxonomically. The present investigation observed that pollen grains of all species were tricolporate and echinate. The taxonomic important of grains characters were assessed of the species. Maps of geographical distribution were prepared for all species studied. The study shown that most species were distributed in the North area of Iraq and a few species of the genus were distributed in the East and South of Iraq. In conclusions, (11) species of the genus Echinops were recognized in Iraq. Taxonomic treatment was carried out for all Echinops species and key was designed for them

الخصائص المظهرية والجزيئية للفطر Aspergillus niger وتقييم قابليته في انتاج حامض الستريك تحت ظروف مختلفة == Phenotypic And Molecular Characteristics of The Fungus Aspergillus Niger And Evaluation Its Ability To Produce Citric Acid Under Different Conditions

اسم المؤلف: علي عبد الهادي ماهود السوداني
اسم المشرف: ماجد كاظم عبود الشبلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة لتقييم قابلية فطريات من التربة في انتاج حامض الستريك باستخدام وسط غذائي صناعي مدعم بمصادر كربونية ونيتروجينية واملاح وتحديد بعض الظروف المثلى للانتاج من العزلة الفطرية الاكفا بعد تنميتها على وسط المولاس المروق ووسط راشح قشور الرز المدعمين | This study was carried out to evaluation the ability of fungi from the soil in the production of citric acid using synthetic culture medium supplemented with sources of carbon, nitrogen and salts and determine some optimal conditions for the production of citric acid from the most efficient fungal isolate after growing it on the clarifying molasses medium and rice husks filtrate medium supplemented with some nutrients, and also determine the genotype for the most efficient fungal isolate in the production of citric acid by PCR - RFLP technique and determine the sequence of DNA bases for the region ITS1 - 5.8S rRNA gene - ITS2, and the study also included a purification of the citric acid by precipitation method and detection it by (HPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed the presence of 21 fungal isolates included 12 isolates for the fungus Aspergillus niger by frequency amounted to 57.14 % and 5 isolates for the fungus Trichoderma viride by frequency amounted to 23.8 % and 4 isolates for the fungus Mucor spp. by frequency amounted to 19.04 %, were excluded from the study some fungal isolates which showing the ability to produce aflatoxins. The screening 16 local fungal isolates of fungi A. niger, T. viride and Mucor spp. it appeared that the fungal isolate A. niger 5 was the most efficient in the production of citric acid, and also the results showed a single two bands of DNA with a molecular size 480 and 66 base pairs at using RsaI restriction enzyme and that the genotype of the A. niger 5 is of the type A Some optimum cultural and environmental conditions for the production of citric acid from the selected isolate were studied. It was obtained the highest production of citric acid which amounted to 28.947 g/l at the clarifying molasses medium and 30.015 g/l at rice husks filtrate medium using 15 % reducing sugars, 0.25 % ammonium sulfate, 0.1, 0.2 % KH2PO4, 0.025 % MgSO4.7H2O, adjusted primary pH of medium to 3.5, 4 inoculated with 4 % from the initial inoculation which it concentration 1 x 106 spore/ml and incubated under shaker conditions at 200 rpm at 30 C for 8, 9 days for the clarifying molasses medium and rice husks filtrate medium respectively. The results of detected of citric acid using HPLC showed two peaks for both standard citric acid and citric acid under study at retention time amounted to 12.637 and 12.641 minutes respectively.

دراسة علاقة الاجهاد التاكسدي ببعض العوامل الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في احداث الاجهاض لدى النساء الحوامل في مدينة كركوك == Study of The Relation of Oxidative Stress With Some Physiological, Biochemical And Histological Factors in Abortion Induction Among Pregnant Women in Kirkuk Province

اسم المؤلف: ليلى عبد الستار صادق سليمان ليلاني
اسم المشرف: صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي | زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الفسلجة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة للفترة من 1 كانون الثاني 2010 ولغاية 31 كانون الاول 2011 في مستشفى كركوك العام ومستشفى ازادي التعليمي في مدينة كركوك وشملت الدراسة (160) سيدة من السيدات اللواتي يراجعن صالات الولادة وكانت على الشكل الاتي : (100) سيدة تعاني من الاجهاض و(3 | The study was conducted from the 1st of January 2010 till the 31 December 2011 in Kirkuk - General hospital and Azadi - teaching hospital in Kirkuk province, the study was included (160) women who are attending labor word and they are follows : (100) women who have abortion, [30]normal vaginally delivered women and they are regarded 1st control group, in addition to that another [30]new pregnant women between (14 - 16) weeks of pregnancy aged (16 - 45) years who are regarded as 2nd control group and they are consulted special Gynecologists for primary health care center for follow up. The current study was designed for research purposes to detected some of Biochemical , hematological and histological variables which have direct relationship with oxidative stress among studied sample to determine the effect of this variables on aborted women in Kirkuk province. The study found that : 1 - There was a continues increasing in the number of abortion between the year 2010 - 2011. 2 - Many causes were related to abortion occurrence which arranged according to their importance as follow : Hormonal. Infective, Congenital, parasitic. 3 - Villi dimension (width and length) measures less than those of 1st control group (normal vaginally delivered women).4 - Placental weight (wt) taken from aborted women measure less than those taken normal delivered group (1st control group).5 - From the study results, it was indicated that the total body mass index (BMI) among aborted women recorded less significant value (p< 0.05) than those of 1st control group and high significant value in comparison to the 2nd control group (new pregnant women 6 - The current study show that the consented level of malondialdehyde(MDA) in blood serum among aborted women is higher than those of 1stcontrol group and 2nd control group. Also it was indicated that the level of MDA in placental extracted is higher than 1stcontrol group.7 - Regarding Glutathione concentration, the aborted women recorded significant elevation in level of blood serum in comparison to the two mentioned control groups, also its concentration in placental extract is higher than 1st control group only.8 - The study found that the level of glutathione peroxidase GPX concentration is significant decrease among aborted women in comparison to the 1st control group while the level of peroxy nitrate PN was a significantly increase in its concentration in blood serum.9 - The current study revealed that there is now a significant in albumin conc. And uric acid in blood serum among aborted women in comparison to2nd control group.10 - The study referred to the significant different value (p<0.05) in concentration of estrogen hormone in blood serum among aborted women which indicated that there is a low conc. also progesterone hormone level recorded less than in the women in comparison both control groups.11 - The study found that the Concentration of Tri - iodothyronine hormone which recorded is a low in aborted women comparison both control group while thyroxin hormone referred to the a significantly decreased in blood serum comparison to 1st control group and now significant comparison to 2nd control group.12 - Concerning the prolactin hormone level which recorded alow conc. Level among aborted women.13 - Blood pressure recorded a significant decrease in both tow measures (systolic and diastolic).14 - Hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells (R.B.C) recorded a significant decrease in its value among aborted women and a significantly elevation in white blood cells level(W.B.C)in comparison to both control groups.15 - Toxoplasmosis antibodies were detected in 10% of aborted women.16 - Histological studies, Histological study revealed that there is an obvious cross - sectional placental changes among studied women. The study show that there is a large amount of Red Blood Cells (R.B.C.) in placental section among women subjected to previous complete abortion which indicates a sever hemorrhage, the RBC seen collected in some area of referring to degeneration and hemolysis process with the presence of small piece of uteri in the tissue epithelium distributed between red blood cells due to while in women subjected to spontaneous abortion, the histological appearance enlarge and small pieces of uterine tissue epithelium distributed blood vessels which indicated that is an aggregation of RBC and seen of the nuclei appear atrophied in there is a presence of double size degradation nuclei and hemolysis of muscle nuclei which presented either spindle or flat in shape.In women subjected to incomplete abortion, the histological section a show the of uterine lying cells with muscle cells and bleeding due to rupture of placental blood vessels with hemolysis of red blood cell which appear like clusters duo to congestion process and the muscular layer appears clear fibers, necrosis.It is also obvious that in those women who subjected to in complete abortion, there is a large amount of falling muscle tissue with abortion process which is a thin structure with little necrosis in some area of it hamolysis can be seen presented by R.B.C decomposition and swelling of uterine lying nuclei and necrosis which the chromatin bodies appear either as spare parts or atrophied for the final analysis with the other appeared empty and necrolizal due to ruptured uterine lying epithelium and hemolysis is of R.B.C

عزل وتشخيص بعض فطريات الاذن الخارجيه واختبار قدرة الفطر Aspergillusعلى افراز بعض انزيمات عوامل الضراوة == Isolation And Identification of Some Fungi of Otitis Externa And Testing The Ability of Aspergillus Spp. To Produce Some of Virulence Factors Enzymes

اسم المؤلف: وفاق احمد محمود
اسم المشرف: سميرة كاظم حميد | ياسر لفتة حسون
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت (113) عينه سريريه (مسحة اذن Ear swab) لمرضى التهاب قناة الاذن الخارجيه الفطري Otomycosis من كلا الجنسين والذين راجعوا استشارية الانف والاذن والحنجره في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي والعيادات الخاصه للاطباء الاختصاص / محافظة النجف الاشرف للمده من تشرين الثان | This study included 113 ear swabs from patients with otomycosis, males and females, visited the otolaryngology consultation room at Al - Sader Medical City in An - Najaf / Iraq in addition to the private otolaryngology clinics of some of ear, nose and throat specialists, during the period from October 2012 to March 2013, the study aimed to isolate and diagnose the causative opportunistic mycotic infections of the ear and to test sensitivity of these organisms towards antimycotic agents in addition to identifying some enzymes of the most fungal reluctant type phenotypically and molecularly. (103) positive swabs were obtained from total samples including "Cephalosporium, Candida spp, Aspergillus spp, Neurospora and Trichosporium beigelii.The Precentage of isolated fungi was (85.43)% for Aspergillus, (10.67)% for Candida, while other species constituted totally (3.88)%. The study show that the highest percentage of isolated fungi was from males as it was(51.4)% while in females was (48.6)%. Patients' ages were found to be between (11 - 80) years and the age group (21 - 30) years was the most frequent Category in (30.3)% and the Category (71 - 80) years was affected only in (0.8)%. The highest percentage of insulation fungi during the period of sample collection was in February which constitute (30.9)% and the lowest percentage was in March reaching only (14.1)%.The highest ratios to isolate the fungus was recorded among housewives and unemployed males and it was (44.2%), while the lowest rates of insulation when the students reached (15.9%).The cases of otitis media excelled on the rest of the pathological cases accompaniments of Otomycosis as the proportion of insulation was (19.4%), followed by disease of blood pressure which their percentage was (5.3%), while the rest of the pathological cases did not have significant influence in insulation, for more ear side affected the left ear was affected in(51.8)% and the right was affected in (48.2) %. The study showed that there is inhibitory effect of (flucanazole, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole and Ketoconozole) against Aspergillus spp (A.niger, A.flavus and A.terreus). All antifungals were effective and their inhibitory ratio was (100) %, except for the antifungal (Fluconazole ) which found to have a lower inhibitory effect (10) % against the species A.flavus only. Testing the phospholipase activity for aspergillus species, A.flavus and A.niger showed phospholipase activity in two degrees (++, +++), but A.terreus shoed only (++). Searching the gene alp " which is encoded for the production of alkaline protease " showed that all the Aspegillus species produces the gene with amplification results of (100)% for the band supposed to appear at the molecular weight of (747) pb

عزل وتشخيص الفطريات المصاحبة لاخماج الجيوب الانفية وحساسيتها لبعض المضادات الفطرية == Isolation And Identification of Sinusitis Infections Borne Fungi And Its’ Sensivity To Antifungals

اسم المؤلف: رواق حيدر عبد النبي المحنة
اسم المشرف: ماجد كاظم عبود الشبلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت ((97 مسحة انفية من المرضى المصابين باخماج الجيوب الانفية, ولكلا الجنسين وباعمار مختلفة والذين راجعوا العيادات الخاصة بالانف والاذن والحنجرة Ear Nasal Throat في مدينة الديوانية للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2012 الى نيسان 2013, لغرض عزل وتشخيص الفطريات المسب | A total of 97 nasal swab were collected from patients with sinusitis, for both sexes with different ages who attended private clinics of Ear Nasal Throat in the city of AL - Diwaniya, for the period from November 2012to April 2013, for the purpose of isolating and diagnosing fungi that cause inflammation of the sinuses and test their sensitivity toward some antifungal as well as the study of the effect of some factors on the infictions rats, which include age, gender, housing, and professions and relationship of chronic diseases. Specimen were cultivated on culture media SDA to determine the types of fungi responsible the infection, it is found that the samples gave positive growth were about 36 at a rate of 37.11 %, while the samples which gave a negative growth were about 61 at a rate of 62.88 % Note that some samples give more than one fungal type so amounted to 44 the number of fungal infections and 45.36 %.The isolated fungi included and their rates Aspergillus flavus13.63%, Aspergillus niger 13.63 % , Aspergillus terreus 4.54 % , Pencillium sp 18.18 % , Blastomyces dermatitidis and Cladosporium sp 11.36 % of each one , Alternaria sp and Trichophyton sp 4.54 % of eachone , Troulopis sp , Mucor sp , Rhizopus sp, Paecilomyces sp, Rhodotorula sp, Ulocladium sp, Geotrichium sp and Bipolaris sp 2.27% of each one. The presnt study showed that females cases are more than males cases, where the percentage of female infection about 63.63% but male infection rate of about 36.36%, patients ranged in age between 11 - 76 years and found that the infection was more frequent among age groups 20 - 29 years 29.54% and less frequent among age groups 19 - 11 years 9.09 %. About the injury season shows that increase in the cold months of the year and less in the warm months, as it recorded the highest rate of infection during November at a rate of 43.18 %, while there have been no injury during April, as for Relationship of injury with housing areas of patients has been shown that the highest proportion of the injury people registered from urban areas 52.27 % compared to residents of rural areas 47. 72 %. The role of the professions in the incidence of injury has been shown that the highest recorded injury among housewives40.9%and the least among the unemployed 2.27%, while the relationship of chronic diseases has revealed the presence of 15 people suffering from chronic diseases and fungal infections arate of 15.45 %, the more chronic injuries were pressure disease, where they formed an injury rate of 40%.Results showed the inhibitory effect for antifungal Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Econazole, Clotrimazole, Nystatin, Amphotericin B against 12 type of fungus Pencillium, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium sp, Alternaria sp, Troulopsis sp, Mucor sp, Ulocladium sp, Geotrichum sp , Bipolaris sp , the antifungal Econazole was the most antifungal effective against isolated fungi and diameters of inhibition rate 30, 38, 20, 33, 30, 40, 35, 39, 27, 31, 19, 44? m of fungal species respectively, while the antifungal Amphotericin B show less effect against isolated fungi at arate of inhibition diameters 14, 19, 10, 10, 8, 12, 26, 18, 17, 22, 18, 21? m, respectively.As for the values of the MIC and MFC for Ketoconazole and Itraconazole for the fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus , Geotrichum sp found that antifungal Ketoconazole owned less MIC against all fungi, as it amounted to 0.24 Mg /ml of each one, while the MF Cagainst Aspergillus niger and Geotrichum sp was 7.8Mg /ml against Aspergillus flavus was 0.48 Mg /ml, while the antifungal - Itraconazole owned less MIC was 31.25 Mg /ml against all fungi, while the MFC was 62.5 Mg /ml against all isolates.The presnt study showed That fungal infections is one of the important causes of sinusitis infections and fungus Aspergillus spp is the most common.

دراسة مقارنة لعزلات بكتريا Staphylococcus aureus المعزولة من مياه النهر ومن حالات سريرية == A Comparative Study of Staphylosossus Aureus Bacteria Isolated From River Water And From Clinical Cases

اسم المؤلف: بنين مدلول امانة الزيادي
اسم المشرف: علي عبد رحيم الناشي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة جمع 120 عينة اخذت من مصدرين مختلفين, 60 عينة منها جمعت من بيئة مائية هي نهر الديوانية, بينما كانت 60 عينة سريرية جمعت من الاشخاص الراقدين والمراجعين لمستشفى الديوانية ومن الاصابات الجلدية المختلفة التي شملت الدمامل, الحصف, التقشر الجلدي, الخر | The study included assemble 120 samples which had been taken from two different sources, 60 samples collected from An aqueous environment which is Al diwaniya river, where the rest 60 samples have been collected from those people who were admitted to the Al diwaniya hospital and from of different ages from male and female. Where the environment examples collected from different places of riverbed Al diwaniya. The duration of collection samples has lasted for 3 months, started One handrad isolated had been diagnosed that proved its belong to a bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, 50 isolated where taken from environment isolate and the other 50 taken from clinical isolate depending on the diagnostic methods which included tests of farm, microscopic and biochemical, It was also confirm the diagnosis of bacterial using accurate diagnosis that uses device VITEK System tested sensitivity of bacteria isolate of S. aureus, against 12 selected antibiotic, environment and clinical cases has shown resistance and sensitivity of different varied by source isolate, the nature of the antibiotic and the resistance and sensitivity have been determined by measuring diameters of areas inhibition around tablets of antibiotics it used.All the clinical isolates showed a complete resistance for the antibiotic Lincomycin with 100% percentage, where it's resisted Pnicillin G with 92%, Nalidixic acid with 42%, while the highest resistance of environment isolates was 97% for Lincomycin. The clinical isolates showed a sensitively against the two antibiotics which are Cefamandol and Cephalothin, where their percentages reached 98% and 89%, respectively. Where the percentage of environment isolates reached for the same antibiotics 100% and 97% respectively. In general, the clinical isolates were more resisted for the antibiotics than environment isolates in overall rate.differed values of minimum inhibitory concentrationsmic MIC and the minimum bactericidal concentration MBC among each other with variation of clinical isolates from side and differed with environment isolates from another side while the values differed with environment and clinical isolates from third side, where the highest value reached of MIC against Polymyxin B is (20 - 120) and (100 - 240) mg/ml for environment and clinical isolates respectively, while the highest value of MIC that also was against Polymyxin B reached (40 - 140) and (130 - 250) mg/ml for environment and clinical isolates respectively. Where the value of MIC against Cephalothin reached (0.01 - 0.6) and (0.8 - 2.0) mg/ml for environment and clinical isolates respectively. Finally, the highest value of MBC also was against Cephalothin reached (0.08 - 0.9) and (0.9 - 3.0) mg/ml respectively. In general, the bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations of the clinical isolates are higher concentrations from those bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations for environment isolates.I studied the virulence factors that come from strains of S. aureus bacteria environment and clinical which included Capsula, enzymes of Coagulase that are associated and free, , Lipase, Hyaloronidase and B - Lactamase in addition to Haemolysin clinical isolates and Leucocidin and all the environment isolates are the highest percenage in the ability to form and possess virulence factors compared with environment isolates, where the highest percentage to produce virulence factors is belongs to the Haemolysin which reached 94% percentage in the clinical isolates where in the environment isolates reached 64% percentage followed by Leucocidin that reached 84% percentage in the clinical samples and 40% percentage in the In environmental samples.Also the percentage of blood Coagulation enzyme the associated and free is the highest percentage in the clinical isolates which reached percentage 42% and 38% for the associated and free respectively, where the percentage in environment reached 20% and 36% respectively and the virulence factors was the least presence in the environmental and clinical isolates is the portfolio that reached percentage of presence 22% and 12% respectively.

دراسة مقارنة للتاثير السمي للزنبور الاحمر Vespa Orientalis L والزنبور الاصفر Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae على تحلل كريات الدم الحمراء والتخثر لدى الانسان == Poison Effects of Red Wasp Vespa Orientalis L. And Yellow Wasp Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) On The Decomposition of Red Blood Cells And Coagulation In Humans

اسم المؤلف: شهد فلاح عباس
اسم المشرف: سعدون ابراھیم اسماعیل | محمد عبد الرزاق الصوفي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية الاساسية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: To study the impact of toxic of the the Red Wasp Vespa orientalis L. and yellow wasp Polistes olivaceaus (De Geer) from family (Vespidae) the decomposition of red blood cells and clotting in humans. Were collected 508 insect Red wasp was where the number of workes 390 insect the yellow wasp gathered 539 insect where the number of worker 418 insect, and the diagnosis was confirmed based on the taxonomic keys and professors speclalized in the natural history museum and then extracting machine stinging for poisonWasp red and yellow toxin were purified by gel filtration throw Sephacryl S - 200 were obtained on three peaks of proteins, and when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp red toxin, the lysis activity of separate P1 was 98% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 47.3 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P2 was 62% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 27.53 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 13.67 minutes, so P1 separate from Wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics, while when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp yellow toxin, the lysisactivity of separate P2 was 91% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 43.8 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P1 was 49% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 19.28 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 7.52 minutes, so P2 separate from wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics The molecular weight of wasp red and yellow toxin the protein cm wasp red toxin P1 was 22387 Da and wasp yellow toxin P2 was 22382 Da using the gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200, while the carbohydrates content were 60.057 and 44.460 mg/ ml for wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin respectively as determined by phenol - sulfuric acid method, and type of link between carbohydrates and protein in the separate P1 and P2 investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 490 nm.The percentage of iron in wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin were 0.88 and 0.44 ppm respectively as determined by atomic absorption, the contain proteins separate P1 and P2 on the iron were investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 557 nm. The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 38 and 79% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at optimum pH to be 17.9 and 37.3 min at pH 4 and 8, respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P1 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 6 - 7.5, but it lost 67 and 25% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 15.6 and 35.4 minutes respectively The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 18 and 37% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at optimum pH to be 8.7 and 35.6 min at pH 4 and 8 respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P2 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 5.5 - 8, but it lost 74 and 19% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 12.6 and 39.5 minutes respectively The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 refer to increase activity by increasing the action temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then lysis activity was decreased to be about 4% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 1.8 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning to decrease with increasing temperature to loses 84% of its original lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at 35oCto be 2.3 min at 80oC.The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 refer to increase activity by increasing the reaction temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then Lysis activity was decreased to be about 8% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 3.9 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning todecrease with increasing temperature to loses 98% of its original Lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at 35oC to be 5.3 min at 80oC.The results refer to found a relationship between the influence of the wasp type and dose on the red blood cells lysis degree in males and females, it was observed that the concentration had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in females, it was 0.401 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 0.331 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in males, it was 1.020 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 0.842 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, also it refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05) between the effect of the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin and dose on the red blood cells clotting time in females, itwas 46.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 46.20 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells clotting time in males, it was 47.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 40.47 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, there was no significant effects for blood clotting time when making a comparison between the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin for eachconcentration in females and males. The compared between red blood cells clotting time due the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin dose in females and males did not refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05), the clotting time for wasp red P1 was 46.80 and 47.80 min at concentration 100% for females and males respectively, while the clotting time at concentration 6.25% was 17.30 and 17.10 min for females and males respectively, whilst the clotting time red blood cells due wasp yellow P2 toxin in females was 46.20 min and 47.40 min in males at concentration 100%, and it was 17.00 min in females and 17.10 min in males at concentration 6.25%.

دراسة مقارنة للتاثير الحامي للكبد بين الكويرسيتين ومستخلص الحلبة في ذكور الجرذان المسممة برباعي كلوريد الكاربون == Comparative Study of The Hepatoprotective Effect Between Quercetin And Trigonella Fenum Graecum Extract In Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity In Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: نور حسون كاظم القرةغولي
اسم المشرف: سحر محمود جواد الجمالي | محمد داخل الركابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد الكبد العضو الرئيسي المسؤول عن ازالة السموم في الجسم, مما يجعله الاول في التعرض للسمية الدوائية والكيميائية للمواد الداخلة للجسم من جميع الاعضاء, ووفق ذلك اجريت هذه الدراسة لمقارنة التاثير الحامي للكويرسيتين ومستخلص الحلبة على الانسجة الكبدية لذكور ال | The liver is the main organ responsible for removing toxins in the body, making it the first to face various chemicals from all of the organs, and according to this the study had designed to compare the hepatoprotective effect of the Quercetin and Trigonella foenum graecum extract on the liver tissues of male rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride, and to know their effects when used together. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Kufa, and included using of 30 rats from Sprague - Dawley divided into five groups : the negative control group, the positive control group, the group treated with organic extract, the quercetin treated group and the group treated with extract and quercetin together. The period of dosing continued for 7 days and on the eighth day all groups(except the control group) were poisoned with carbon tetrachloride. After 24 hours the animals were killed. The study lasted from April 2013 - until July 2013. The Liver weights of treated animals were measured, the effectiveness of transferase enzymes Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin level in the serum were assessed, also the Glutathione and Malondialdehyde levels were estimated in liver homogenized. The results showed the following : A significant increase (P<0.05) in the liver weights, the effectiveness of the amine transferase enzymes, Alkaline phosphatas and total bilirubin in the serum of the treated animals when compared with the negative control group, while these parameters revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) at the treated groups as compared with the positive control group. The results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the Glutathione level and a significant increment (P<0.05) in the level of Malondialdehyde in the treated groups when compared with the negative control group. Also, the results showed a significant decrease and increase (P<0.05) in the levels of Glutathione and the Malondialdehyde at the treated animals as compared with the positive control group. The present study showed numerous histological changes which resulted from the injection with carbon tetrachloride. In relation with the tissue sections which have been taken from the treated groups : with the extract, quercetin and the group treated with both revealed a protective effect for organic extract seeds of Trigonella foenum - graecum and quercetin drug on the liver tissues which had been poisoned and the best effect in the protection appeared at the group which was treated with the extract and quercetin together. From this study we can conclude that the Trigonella foenum - graecum organic extract and quercetin may reveal a protective role for the liver against carbon tetrachloride poisoning by maintaining the effectiveness of liver enzymes Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin level in the serum as well as by increasing the Glutathione level and falling the Malondialdehyde level in liver homogenized. Also we conclude that using Trigonella foenum - graecum organic extract and quercetin together led to double protection of the liver and efficiently as a result of the positive impact which resulted from using them together

تقييم كفاءة بعض المواد الكيميائية ومستخلص الماء المغلي والبارد لنبات الصبار (L.) Opuntia ficus indicaعلى حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus خارج الجسم الحي In == Evaluation The Efficiency of Some Chemicals And Boiled And Cooled Water Extracts of Cactus Opuntia Ficus Indica (L.) On The Protoscolices Viability of Echinococcus Granulosus In Vitro

اسم المؤلف: اشجان محمد عريبي الخالدي
اسم المشرف: احمد خضير عبيس الحميري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Evaluation study was conducted for some chemical solutions (Formalin, Sodium chloride NaCl and Silver nitrateAg NO3) as well as cooled and boiled cactus plant axtracts for the period from March 2014 till October 2014 on the In vitro protoscolices viability for Echinococcus granulosus by using preservative media solution (Kreb ringer+hydatid cyst fluid, 4 : 1, respectively). Protoscolices were collected from the infected sheeps livers in Al - Hilla and Al - Najaf abattoir, and protoscolices suspention was added to each concentration of the therapeutic agents alone which were used for different time periods. The percentage of the viability of protoscolices was measured by using the eosin aqueous stain (0.1%). The results revealed that the viability of protoscolices percentage (90.72%) and after five days the viability of protoscolices was 60.9 - 68 % and from results showed that the silver nitrate solution with concentrations (100, 125, 250, 500, 1000) ?g/ml was the highest solution which succed in killing the protoscolices 100% at the first hour of experiment, followed the sodium chloride solution with concentrations (100, 125) mg/ml at the first hour, then the boiled cactus plant extracts with concentration 10 mg/ml showed high efficiency and succeded to killing the protoscolices 100 % after 48 hours from another cooled cactus plant extracts with concentration 10 mg/ml which succeded to killing protoscolices after 72 hours as well as the albendazole drug with concenrtation 400 mg/ml which succeded in killing the protoscolices 100 % after 72 hours while the formalin solution with concentration 40 % succeded in killing the protoscolices 100 % after 96 hours from the experiment

دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية لبعض انواع عائلة فراشات اللهانة من رتبة حرشفية الاجنحة (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) من مناطق وسط العراق وشماله == Taxonomic Morphological Study of Some Species of Cabbage Butterflies, (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) From Mid And North Regions of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: مهند محمود اغا
اسم المشرف: حسن سعيد جاسم الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study comprises taxonomic morphological of seven species belong to six genera of the subfamilies Pierinae, Coliadinae, (Pieridae : Lepidoptera) which were collected from middle and north of Iraq.The described species in this study are : Famliy : Pieridae Duponchel - Subfamily : Pierinae DuponchelGenus : Pieris Schrank, 1801Pieris rapae Linnaeus, 1758Pieris brassicae Linnaeus, 1758Genus : Belenois Moor, 1881Belenois aurota Fabricius, 1793Genus : Colotis Hübner, 1816Colotis fausta Olivier, 1804Genus : Anthocharis Boisduval, 1836Anthocharis cardamines Linnaeus, 1758 - Subfamily : Coliadinae SwainsonGenus : Colias Fabricius, 1807Colias croceus Fourcroy, 1785Genus : Gonepteryx Leach, 1785Gonepteryx rhamni Linnaeus, 1758The last species as new recorded to fauna of Iraq

التمنيع باضداد الخمل النوع الاول المنتجة من بكتريا الاشريكية القولونية المسببة لالتهاب المجاري البولية ضد استيطان واصابة المثانة == Immunization With Type 1 Fimbriae of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Against Colonization And Infection of Bladder

اسم المؤلف: اروى علي شكر
اسم المشرف: رسمية عبد ابو ريشة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Between September and November 2013 a total of 140 urine specimens obtained from patients in Al - Kadhmiah Teaching Hospital, Ibn - Al Naffees Teaching Hospital, and Educational Laboratories in Medical city. These midstream urine specimens were obtained from patients clinically suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) in sterilized containers. All specimens were processed immediately after collection.A total number of 140 specimens of mid - stream urine were collected from patients suffering urinary tract infection symptoms. These isolates were obtained from 41 male and 99 female patients. They were distributed in the age group of 5 - 60 years old. All specimens were identified using biochemical tests and API 20 E system. 60 (42.85%) of urine specimens was Escherichia coli and 15(10.71%) of specimens growth was Klebsiella spp. and 25(17.85%) growth was Proteus spp. and 40 (28.57%) was G+ve bacteria.The adherence ability of E.coli isolates were evaluated by using Congo red agar and detected their ability to produce biofilm by using methylene blue staining technique in polystyrene microtiter plates and then Optical density was determined at 580 nm.All sixty isolates of E.coli were grown on Congo red agar medium to detect their adherence ability. Twenty (33.3%) isolates were given negative result by forming pink colonies on congo red agar, were as, forty (66.6%) isolates were given positive result by forming black colonies with a dry crystalline. Three isolates give strong results E.coli (13, 8, and 40). Consistency indicated biofilm production by microtiter plate. E. coli 40 which isolated produced the thickest biofilm (O.D. : =3.17).Type 1 fimbriae expression by E.coli 40 isolate was detected by mannose - resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) of human blood group (O) IRBCs in the presence of 2% D - mannose. The isolate showed strong MRHA characteristics of type 1 fimbriae under microscope (40x). The E.coli E.40isolate which produced the thickest biofilm and gave strong MRHA was elected to be the source of type 1 fimbriae.Type 1 fimbriae was extracted by heating and mechanical shearing and partially purified by Ultracentrifugation (48, 000xg for 3hrs). SDS - PAGE with a molecular weight 20, 000 Dalton.Anti - type1 fimbriae antisera were prepared in rabbits. The specificity and titration of anti - type1fimbriae antibodies were determined using IgG protein by radial immunodiffusion plate and bacterial agglutination. IgG antibodies to fimbriae type 1 were also detected in rabbit sera from immunized rabbit and non - immunized. Immunized rabbit test 1 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (9.5) mg/dl. Immunized rabbit test 2 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (8.6) mg/dl. The non - immunized rabbit had no increase in absolute IgG antibodies to Fim1.The antisera agglutinated bacterial cells up to 1/80 dilution confirming the presence and titer of specific antibodies against type1 fimbriae.The microtiter plate method was applied to estimate the role of the prepared anti - type1fimbriae antibodies in reducing the biofilim formation by E.coli. Prevention of bacterial adherence and subsequent biofilm formation to polystyrene microtiter plate was studied by employing different dilutions (1/10, 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, 1/320, 1/640) of rabbit sera containing anti - type 1 fimbriae antibodies. The maximum inhibition of biofilm formation in terms of optical density (580 nm) was found in lowest dilution (1/10) (highest concentration of Abs). However, the minimum inhibition was observed in highest dilution of rabbit antisera (1/640) (lowest concentration of Abs). Here the inhibition occurs in a dose dependent manner as the biofilm formation increased dramatically with increasing in antisera dilution. The results also showed that there is a significant difference(P<0.05) among data treated with sera and data without sera and among serial dilutions.General urine examination and culture for urine that absorbed from test 2 and control was done (GUE) show that pus cell in urine was (1 - 2/HPF). There was no growth of bacteria in urine culture.The Histological section show that the Control and test 1 rabbit (have been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli intra muscular) and Test 2rabbit (that has been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli directly in bladder has normal epithelial cells and mucosa.

التقييم الجزيئي لنسخ جين المقاومة الدوائية MDR1 في بعض المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بسرطان ابيضاض الدم الحاد == Molecullar Assessment of Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR1) Transcript In Some Adult Iraqi Patients With Acute Leukemia

اسم المؤلف: كفاح جبار شاكر اليعقوبي
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين الفيصل
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aims to shed light on the follow up of acute leukemic (AL) patients at initial diagnosis and after treatment to assess the response and early relapse through evaluating the gene expression level of one of the major multidrug resistance genes which is the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) to investigate the possible association between level of MDR1 gene expression and the clinical outcomes and this may be considered as a potential marker for response to chemotherapy of acute leukemic patients. Furthermore, the current study correlates between the MDR1 gene phenotype and MDR1 genotype in three important coding regions (C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T considering the potential influence of altering MDR1 activity and its effect on therapy outcome as well as susceptibility to develop cancer.White blood cells (WBCs) isolated from 106 blood sample of acute leukemic patients were provided by Iraqi hospitals in Medical City. These samples were distributed as follows : 46 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia who had not received chemotherapy and follow - up 25 after 1st induction, 17 after 2nd induction and 8 at consolidation, with 10 blood samples of healthy voluntaries. Two comparative groups were taken included 46 sample of peripheral blood (PB) and 26 sample of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in paraffin blocks to validate the level of gene expression compare to WBCs. For genotyping analysis, 56 of blood sample were taken to study genetic variation of MDR1 gene polymorphism. The samples preservation with TRIzol was done. Samples subjected to total RNA and DNA extraction, then molecular study by using reverse transcription, Quantitative Real Time - polymerase chain reaction (qRT - PCR) and direct sequencing, at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital - Kings College / London.The study reached at the following results : 1 - The results showed age groups (20 - 39 years) were associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while (13 - 19 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).2 - The level of MDR1 gene expression showed high significant differences with WBCs compared to PB and BMB.3 - The clinical outcomes indicated that the rate of complete response (CR) of newly diagnosed acute leukemic patients was 19(41%), while 27(58.7%) was non - responder (NR).4 - Statistical analysis showed significant differences with NR at initial diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia, while appeared after 1st induction in lymphoid type.5 - The results of positivity MDR1 gene expression were 10(21.7%) out of 46 newly diagnosed in acute leukemia, while 36(78.3%) were MDR1 - negative depend on (1.1±0.03) cutoff value.6 - The positivity MDR1 gene expression appeared mainly in non - responders patients at initial diagnosis, and with early relapse patients, after complete remission, in consolidation.7 - The MDR1 mRNA expression showed significant differences with high level in NR compared to CR patients at initial diagnosis. During treatment follow up the increased level of MDR1 gene expression in CR patients and appeared non - significantly with NR.8 - The results of MDR1 C1236T genotype and allele frequency showed that 1236CC wild type genotype and C allele were significantly frequent in healthy control. While CT heterozygous genotype frequency was highly significant in AML and no significant difference in allele frequency. ALL showed non - significant difference in genotype and allele frequency of MDR1 C1236T.9 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed no evidence associated with risk factor in MDR1 C1236T ALL carriers. While risk factor observed in AML with MDR1 1236CT carriers.10 - The results of MDR1 phenotype - genotype association indicate that MDR1 1236CC wild type was significantly high expression among healthy and it was aprotective genotype. While the MDR1 1236CT showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in AML patients. Whereas ALL revealed significant differences in high level of MDR1 gene expression with MDR1 1236TT genotype. Both CT and TT were affected genotypes.11 - The results of MDR1 G2677T genotype and allele frequency indicated that 2677GA genotype significantly appeared with low frequency in healthy control with no significant difference in allele frequency. Both ALL and AML showed high significant frequency in 2677GT genotype. G allele frequency was showed significant differences in AML while non - significant in with ALL.12 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed the MDR1 2677GT genotype was associated with risk factor to developing ALL and AML. Whereas the GG appeared associated with AML only.13 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that MDR1 2677GA genotype was significantly high expression in healthy individual. While AML patients showed significant differences with high level of MDR1gene expression in 2677GT genotype. ALL showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in MDR1 2677TT genotype.14 - The results of MDR1 C3435T genotype and allele frequency showed significant difference in genotype and allele frequency with heterozygous CT in both control and AML patients and mutant T allele. Whereas non - significant genotype and allele frequency with ALL.15 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed that the MDR1 3435CC genotype carriers associated with risk to developing ALL. While no risk factor associate with MDR1 C3435T variants to develop AML.16 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that the wild type 3435CC genotype was significantly high expression in healthy control. The MDR1 3453CT genotype showed high significance with high level of MDR1 gene expression inAML. While ALL showed significantly high level of MDR1 gene expression in 3435TT genotype.17 - The results of MDR1 genotype - phenotype association showed similar impact of MDR1C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotypes in AML clinical outcomes. The MDR1 CT/GT/TT genotypes were associated in NR AML with high level of expression at presentation, compared to significant low level in CC/GG genotype. In contrast, CR patients were observed non - significant with MDR1 gene expression at presentation and significant with low MDR1CC/GG genotypes in post treatment. In regards to ALL patients the MDR1 TT genotype showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in NR and CR ALL at presentation and significant only with NR at post treatment. So there was no clear evidence between MDR1 genotypes and clinical outcome with ALL.18 - The haplotype results showed that the three MDR1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotype were linkage disequilibrium significantly with heterozygous haplotype B (CT - GT - CT) compared to A(CGC) and C(TTT). Also B haplotype appeared significantly with high level of MDR1 gene expression compared to A and C. According to the clinical outcome, haplotype B was observed significant differences in NR AML patients while other haplotypes were non - significant

تقييم بعض جينات المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية في عزلات الكلبسيلا == Evaluation of Some Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Klebsiella Isolates

اسم المؤلف: زاهد سعدون عزيز
اسم المشرف: عباس شاكر جواد المحنة | سلمان عزيز عدوس
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم انتشار جينات البيتا لاكتاميز ? - lactamases ومنها جينات البيتا لاكتاميز الواسعة الطيف lactamases - Extended Spectrum ? وجينات اخرى مثل جينات المقاومة للكوينولونات Quinolones المرتبطة بالبلازميدات plasmid mediated quinolones | The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of plasmid mediated ? - lactamases including Extended Spectrum ? - lactamases and non - lactamases and study the horizontal gene transfer. A total of 800 of urine samples were taken from patient suffering from urinary tract infections had been collected during a period from February, to September of 2012, from the hospitals of AL - Najaf province. All the samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. From those 300 samples gave positive bacterial growth , 250 were lactose fermentative isolates, which were submitted to conventional tests including IMVIC and motility tests ultimately lactose fermentative, non motile isolates were candidate to Vitek 2 system to confirm the identification. the results revealed that there were 42 (16.8%) of isolates identified as Klebsiellae represented by Klebsiella pnumoniae ssp pneumoniae, 9(3.6%) of isolates diagnosed as Raoultella ornithinolytica, and 1(0.4%) for both K. pnumoniae ssp.ozeanae and Raoultella planticola. Screening tests were performed , disk diffusion test revealed different pattern of resistance, screening of ESBLS by MacConkey agar medium supplemented with 2 mg /l of Ceftazidime showed that 31 (58.5%) of isolates were initially ESBLS producers.Phenotypes confirmatory tests were conducted to different classes of antimicrobial agents, Disk synergism test revealed that 20(37.74%) of isolates were ESBLS positive, while Disk combination test by Ceftazidime + clav and Cefepime + clav revealed that 28(52.83%) and 43(81.13%) were ESBLS producers respectively, disk replacement test pointed that positive isolates were 26(49%), vitek2 system revealed 33(62%) of isolates were ESBLS producers.Imipenem - Ceftazidime antagonism test revealed that there was no isolate produce induced AmpC beta - lactamase, AmpC disc test revealed that no one of isolates were AmpC producer.The result of MHT(Modified Hodge test) revealed that all isolates were not Carbapenemases producers. Molecular study of different antimicrobial resistance genes were performed, the results reveald high percent of occurence as follow : blaTEM genes (90.6%), blaSHV gene(81.13%), blaCTX - M genes (88.6%), sul genes (88.6%), aac(6')Ib - cr genes (84.9%) and qnr - B genes (41.5%).the study also highlighted an association between studied genes. Finally many attempts to study of gene transfer by conjugation were conducted but all of them were failed, except one isolate (No. 5) was succeeded with frequency of conjugation (0.5×10 - 7). This study concluded that there were high prevalence of some plasmid mediated genes of isolates with clear multi gene resistance patterns as compared with some other genes which propose the high selective pressure of these genes and isolates might acquired resistance by mobile elements such as plasmids and integrons.

دراسة التغيرات الهرمونية ومعايير الخصوبة وامكانية الانتقال الجنسي في ذكور الجرذان المصابة تجريبيا بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية == Study of Hormonal Changes And Fertility Parameters And The Possibility of Sexual Transmission In Male Rats Experimentally Infection By Toxoplasma Gondii Parasite

اسم المؤلف: مي ناجي كاظم الخناق
اسم المشرف: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى اثبات العلاقة بين الاصابة بداء المقوسات وحالات ضعف الخصوبة عند الذكور من خلال دراسة التغيرات في المعايير التكاثرية والهرمونات التكاثرية والتغيرات المرضية النسجية للحيوانات المصابة تجريبا بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii, | The present study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between toxoplasmosis and cases of low fertility in males by examining changes in reproductive parameters, reproductive hormones and histopathological changes of experimentally infected rats, the study also aimed to prove the case of the venereal transmission of parasite from male to female and vice versa. The study carried out in three phases, the first phase includes determining the infection rate of the parasite for men who suffer from low fertility rate, as it has been serologically detecting the presence of IgG antibodies to the parasite by ELISA technique in the laboratory of parasites / College of Veterinary Medicine in 46 serum samples of blood for men attend to the Center for Infertility Research embryos of the Faculty of Medicine / University of Al - Nahrain and Al - Zahra Hospital and particular laboratories in Wasit province, who proved to have a laboratory case of weakness in reproductive parameters of semen in the rate of infection was 34.78%, then was to investigate the level of reproductive hormones (testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone), it was the men who had lower levels of these hormones 58.33% and 50% and 1.664%, respectively. The second phase included the parasite Toxoplasma gondii isolated from placental samples of aborted women and brain samples of local chicken after confirming the presence of the parasite in those samples by impression smear, As to isolate the parasite the samples was catting and grinding, filtered and centrifugation after it was suspended in physiological solution at three times.These isolates were used for experimental infection in 60 of the male albino rats norvegicus Rattus age (60_70) days and an average of weights 200_250 grams injected each of them within the peritoneum 0.3ml each animal and containing 100 cysts, 30 of which form the suspension of placenta and 30 from the suspension brain of local chicken in rats experimental infection, injection of 10 for each of the male rats and 10 female rats by suspension of placenta for experimental infection and after seven weeks of infection, put 10 healthy females with males infected experimentally and 10 healthy males with infected female for the purpose of mating to ensure for the transition infection of the parasite sexually and then confirm infection by using the direct smear (impression) and the Real - Time polymerase chain reaction technique and histological sections in the experience of experimental infection and transitional infection of parasite. It emerged the effective of infection on reproductive parameters in experimentally infected rats as negative recorded changes represented in the weights of reproductive organs, sperm concentration, motility, viability and the percentage of abnormalities compared with control group and in significant differences in 0.05 except the sperm motility which recorded significant differences in animals injected with suspension of brain domestic chicken and no significant differences in animals injected with suspension of placenta, also recorded the absence of sperm in the semen of infected rats by 40% in each of the animals that were injected placenta and injected samples of the brain of domestic chicken, as it was for the transmission of the infection to the male effect on reproductive parameters sperm in all reproductive parameters in study and significant difference for all parameters except the sperm motility compared with control group in significant differences in 0.05.With regard to the rates of sex hormones (LH, FSH, T) has recorded a significant decrease of the animals experimentally infection, which amounted to 4.588, 4.648, 6.657, either male rats venereal infected there was a decrease in the levels of hormones three significant differences and rates of 4.762, 5.644, 2.21, respectively, compared with control group which recorded 10.514, 12.210, 10.576, respectively, as rates were hormones low for normal level in females venereal infected except hormone LH as record rate 8.132 higher than the average private control group, which amounted to 5.335, as the rates of hormone (FSH, T) for females venereal infected 2.901, 5.596, respectively, compared to the control group, which recorded 4.71, 1.79, respectively.The initial diagnosis of the infection by using the impression smear method and its emphasis by molecular diagnosis REALTIME PCR technique, as was the incidence100% of the first method, either way in the second technique in rats injected with Suspension parasite of placenta 90% while it was 100% in rats injected parasite brain domestic chicken, the percentage of infection was varied in organs as recorded lowest infection in the first group in the liver and the testis was 20% either the highest percentage recorded in the semen and 90% either in brain samples was 26%, while the lowest infection for the second group it was 20% in the liver, brain and testis either the highest proportion it was 100% of the semen, and whend vice versa, in 100% for both groups by imprassion smear method, either way RT.PCR was recorded the percentage of infection in uninfected females which mated with infected males 100% divided by the organs as the lowest infection recorded in the uterus was 30% and the highest rate of infection was in the liver, brain was 100% either ovary was the presence of parasite in which 60%, while the incidence of total uninfected male who have been mated experimentally infected female100% divided by the organs as the highest rate of infection was in semen was 100% and either in the liver there have been no cases were positive remember and so the infection was 0% either infection rates recorded for the tissue of the brain and testis were 40%, 50%, respectively, either with regard to prove the existence of the parasite, depending on tissue sections of these tissues have been diagnosed with the parasite in addition to histological pathological changes occur where the male rats experimentally infected and all of the male and female in experience. As the percentage of pregnancies in the two groups of animals mating 35%, the percentage of infection in newborn brain has reached100%, which proves the case of vertical transmission of the parasite for newborns of infected mother parasite

التتابع الجيني لطفيليات Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar and E. Moshkoviskii في محافظة القادسية == Phylogenetic Sequeincing For Spesies Entamoeba Histolytica, E. Dispar, E. Moshkoviskii In Al - Qadisiya Province

اسم المؤلف: هبة رياض جميل العبودي
اسم المشرف: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من بداية اذار 2014 والى نهاية ايلول 2014 وشملت على مراجعين مستشفى الديوانية العام ومستشفى النسائية والاطفال في محافظة القادسية ومختبرات التحليل الاهلية في المحافظة, وقد تم فحص679 عينة براز باستخدام طريقة المسحة المباشرة لمختلف الفئ | This study has been conducted for the period from the first of March 2014 until September 2014 and included the auditors to Diwaniya General Hospital and Women's Hospital and children in the province of Diwaniya and civil analytical laboratories in the province. A sample of 679 of auditors' stool have been examined by using the direct swab from different age groups and both sexes. The study shows that 61.26% of people have been infected by screened amoeba parasite. Real time PCR was used in this study to diagnose Amoeba species in 200 samples. Result shows that Entamoeba histolytica had highest percentage of incident followed by Entamoeba dispar then Entamoeba moshkoviskii, which were 74 %, 26 %, and 7 % respectively.Statistical level of ?=0.05presents significant differences between then. Percentage of positive molecular test samples was higher than the negative ones; they were 88% and 12%. Molecular diagnoses were used in this study. E. histolytica had highest individual incident followed by E.disbar then E. moshkoviskii : 56% 10%, and 1% respectively. Using significant level of 0.05, significant differences were appeared. Rates of mixed infections of E. histolytica + E. dispar followed by E. moshkoviskii + histolytica then E. moshkoviskii + E. dispar, which were 14%, 4%, and 2% respectively. Statistics shows significant differences between them at ? =0.05. Symptoms of individual incident of the three Amoeba sorts were observed and recorded. Patients who had E. histolytica, severed from acute diarrhea that ranged between mucous and watery texture, which its color contrast between brown and reddish brown. They had bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain that ranged from severe to moderate colic. They had also slight temperature increase and weight loss. For those who had E.disbar, abdominal pain and frequent pale yellow diarrhea that semi - aqueous texture were recorded. Symptoms of : moderate yellowish brown snotty diarrhea, abdominal pain and, weight loss were observed for those who had E. moshkoviskii. R.T.PCR (Taqman Probe) was used to isolate samples and to investigate the three pathogenic virulence genes, which are Cystiene Proteinase, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin. This was done in each of Amoeba’s species using R.T.PCR (Syber Green). According to it, E. histolytica possesses Cystiene Proteinase 1, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin at 86.6%, 80.35%, and 42.8% respectively. Non - significant differences were found at ? =0.05 between them. For E.disbar, result shows existence of the same pathogenic virulence genes at percentages of 65%, 45%, and 20% respectively. Result presents significant differences among percentage of genes isolation for the pathogenic virulence factors at ? =0.05. E. moshkoviskii had these three pathogenic virulence genes at percentage of 33.3% by isolating the virulence genes except Gal/Gal Nac Lactin, there were significant differences among them at ? =0.05. This study was conducted to understand the molecular characterization confirmatory of the three types of insulators parasite using traditional enzyme chain polymerize reaction as a first stage to investigate the 18s ribosomal RNA covenantal. It represents personal heritage of the three types of amoeba. Depending on the same gene, developed tree were analyzed for Amoeba’s species using method of Neighber - Joining among different groups of the stains for each species separately using MEGA6 program. Knowing convergence rates of the used stains and international isolators from NCBI, Blast program was used. Since there is no study has been done to study nitrogenous bases sequence for these three species, samples undertook molecular characterization confirmatory was registered in the national data base center (NCBI). International serial numbers were obtained and attached to the dissertation.

دراسة تاثير الفضة النانوية وسماد الجستار وحامض السالسليك في النمو والحاصل لنبات زهرة الشمس == Study The Effect of Nano Silver, Fertilizer Algastar And Salicylic Acid On Growth And Yield of Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L

اسم المؤلف: وسن حمزة مزعل الشمري
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير علي ياسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اشتملت هذه الدراسة على ثلاث تجارب اثنتان منها مختبرية والثالثة حقلية وباهداف مختلفة على نبات زهرة الشمس. Helianthus annuus L. التجربة المختبرية الاولى نفذت بتاريخ 21/4/2013 ولغاية 1/5/2013 لمعرفة تاثير دقائق الفضة النانوية بتركيزين هما (, 2550) سم3. لتر | The study included three experiments, two laboratory and the third field experiment with different goals on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) the Spanish cv. Viki. The first laboratory experiment was performed from the period 21/4/2013 until 1/5/2013 to determin the effect of two nano silver concentrations 25 and 50 cm3/L and two concentrations organic fertilizer (Algastar) 0.75 and 1.5 g/L and two concentrations of salicylic acid 30 and 60 mg/L on seed and speed of germination of sunflower seeds by soaking the seed with above mentioned concentrations seperatly in addition to the control treatment which was soaked with distilled water only. The second laboratory experiment was perfomed from the period of 28/10/2013 until 4/12/2013. In this experiment sunflower seeds was soaked in 25, 50 cm3/ L nanosilver and 30, 60 mg/L of salicylic acid and the resulted plants were sprayed by 0.75, 1.5 g/L (Algastar) in addition to the control treatment during the third leaf stage to determine its impact on growth and shoot content of DNA, RNA and leaves content of oxidizing enzyme peroxidase and catalyase. The field experiment was carried out from the period of the agriculture 5/3/2013 until 18/6/2013 sixty five day after sowing the seeds the resulted plant shoots were sprayed with 25, 50 cm3/L of nanosilver, 0.75, 1.5 g/L of Algastar and salicylic acid 60, 120 mg/L in addition to the control treatment. The design of the first laboratory experiment was completely randomized design CRD with seven treatment and seven replication.The design of the second laboratory experiment was CRD with fifteen treatment combination and seven replications. The experiment design for the field experiment was rendomized complete randomized block design RCBD in factorial arrangement (3×3×3×3). The least significant difference LSD at 0.05% level was utilized for mean comparison, whenever treatment effect was evidents of Lab experiments. Resulted showed : - 1 - The use of silver nanoparticles, organic fertilizer (Algastar) and salicylic acid no effect neither on seed germination and nor to speed germination.2 - Results of the second laboratory experiment revealed that shoot content of of DNA, RNA was higher in plants resulted from soaking seeds with nanosilver and salicylic acid when sprayed by 1.5 g/L Algastar that with 0.75 g/L at the third leaf stages and leaves content of oxidative enzymes peroxidase, catalyase was higher when shoot were sprayed by 1.5 g/L organic fertilizer.The organic fertilizer Algastar in 1.5 g/L showed higher effect on all parameter studied in this experiment than 0.75 g/L. 3 - Treatment concentration of 50 cm3/L nanosilver and 1.5 g/L Algastar showed higher effect on plant height, number of root branches, fresh weight of shoot and root, leaf chlorophyll content as well as potassium, DNA, RNA and catalase enzyme.Results of the field experiment revealed 1 - The use of nano silver in 50 cm3/L /L had appositive effect on most vegetative parameters studied except stem diameter which was reduced at this concentrations.leaf content of auxins, seed content of DNA and RNA, phenols as well as protein, unsaturated fatty acid were also higher when 50 cm3/L of nanosilver was used while vicine content of the seed reduced. 2 - The use of organic fertilizer Algastar in 1.5 g/L improved most vegetative, flowering and the chemical constituents of seeds.But reduced stem diameter, seed content of vicine and saturated fatty acid 3 - Salicylic acid 120mg/L improved vegetative parameters and reduced stem diameter, seed content of vicine and saturated fatty acid (plmatic, stearic, archedic) and had no effect on specific leaf weight or seed content of saturated fatty acid myristic.4 - The interaction between of nanosilver and organic fertilizer revealed that concentrations of 50 cm3/L of nanosilver and 1.5 g/L of organic fertilizer improved vegetative and flowering parameters.Auxin content of the leaves, seed content of protein, phenoils, oil percentage and unsaturated fatty acid linoleic and oleic was higher at this treatment, But reduced vicine in seeds, and saturated fatty acids palmitic, stearic and had no effect on phosphours content of seeds and ? - linolenic.5 - The treatment concentration of 50 cm3/L nano silver and 120mg/L salicylic acid gave highest plant height, chorophyll content, auxins and seed content of phosphours, proteins and RNA while seeds saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic) were reduced to the a bove mentioned treatment concentration.6 - Treatment concentration of organic fertilizer and salicylic acid had fluctuate effect on parameter studied upon their concentrations.1.5 g/L of organic fertilizer and 120 mg/L salicylic acid increased protein, RNA, and linoleic acids of the seeds.Also 0.75 g/L of organic fertilizer and 120 mg/L salicylic acid increased ? - linolenic, but other treatment combination showed no effects on most parameters studied.7 - The three way interaction between nanosilver, organic fertilizer and salicylic acid reduced stem diameter and had no effect on leaf area, specific leaf weight, potassium, auxins, and seed content of vicine and seed oil percentage and oil production and fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, archedic, myristic, linoleic, oleic acid), but increased ? - linolenic.

استعمال بعض انواع الطحالب والنباتات المائية في المعالجة الحيوية لمياه محطات المعالجة في مدينة الديوانية - العراق == Using of Some Dominant Algae And Aquatic Plants In Bioremediation of Waste Water From Wastewater Plants In Al - Dewaniya City, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: رائد كاظم عبد الاسدي
اسم المشرف: فؤاد منحر علكم | حسين يوسف الركابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة المائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على نوعين من المياه العادمة الصناعية المطروحة من مصنع نسيج الديوانية والمياه العادمة البلدية من محطة معالجة الديوانية، وللمدة من ربيع 2011 الى ربيع 2012 وهدفت الى اجراء مراقبة فصلية لنوعية المياه الداخلة لمحطتي المعالجة والخارجة منها | The current study has been conducted on two types of waste water, industrial wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah textile factory station1, station 2 and municipal wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah wastewater treatment plant station 3, station 4 in the City of Al - Dewaniyah - Iraq., for the period from Spring2011 to Spring 2012 and targeted monitoring quarterly the quality of water entering and leaving the stations.The study also includes the evaluation of the efficiency of some algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality via bioremediation of some pollutants in the water. The evaluation of water quality includes18 parameters as confirmed on spatial and temporal changes of these parameters, as well as the algal contents of these four stations(S1, S2, S3and S4). The results of physical and chemical analysis show the following ranges of : temperature (12.5 - 41.5°C), total dissolved solids TDS(692 - 1384.6 mg/l), total suspended solids TSS(58 - 277.4 mg/l), electrical conductivity EC(1225 - 2045µS/cm2), pH(7.0 - 7.8), dissolved oxygen DO(0.7 - 8.51mg/l), biological oxygen demand BOD(48.82 - 205 mg/l), total alkalinity (170.7 - 428 mg/l), total hardness TH (412 - 1623.3 mg/l), calcium (89.7 - 204.14 mg/l), magnesium (37.7 - 332.5 mg/l), nitrite (0.43 - 12.25 mg/l), nitrate(6.18 - 63.75 mg/l), phosphate (0.813 - 20.24 mg/l), lead (0.0983 - 1.076 mg/l), chromium (0.007 - 0.045mg/l), cadmium (0.0374 - 0.326 mg/l) and the total algal number(17.00 - 14202 individual/l).The spatial and temporal variations show significant differences at(P?0.05) among studied factors in the different stations.The qualitative study of algae reports that the dominance is to the blue green algae(Cyanophyta)by 46%, then is followed by diatoms(Bacillariophyta) by 26% down with Dinophyta3%, according to Shannon - Wiener index of diversity (H), the fall and winter classified as severely polluted all around the stations 0.377 and 0.669, respectively, while summer and spring are moderate pollution of a category (II) and the values of (H) is1.374 and 1.395 respectively, in situ has been observed that the stations are classified as highly polluted and have been ranked within the category(I) and the stations arranged according to the pollution as S3 <S4< S2< S1.According to Species richness index the first station S1 is the best, follows by S4, S3 while S2 comes the last in order, but in the terms of total abundance has topped the third station S3 among the others, then followed by S4, S2 and finally S1. on the other hand the current study includs laboratory investigation to demonstrate the efficiency of algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality as it has been experimenting with immobilization of algae technique, a new method has been used for the first time at the local level in the current study. The results show that the immobilized algae Stigonema sp.and Cladophora glomerata have lowered the pH of the treated wastewater which began relatively high, as well as increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations at the end of the experiment all transactions free and immobilized treatments , on the other side TSS has been reduced about 61.8% when treated with immobilized algae C.glomerata, nitrite has also been reduced at about 96.7% and 85.5% by Stigonema sp.and C.glomerata respectively, nitrate also has been reduced by 99.9% and 95.2% when treated with Scendesmus dimorphus and C.glomerata respectively, while the removal of phosphate reaches its peak when it has been treated with free Stigonema sp. and immobilized S.dimorphus by 99.92% and 98.35% respectively.The tested algae shows a great ability to reduce heavy metals, when immobilized alga Oscillatoria sp. removes about 94.27% of Lead, while free Stigonema sp. and C.glomerata are the best in Chromium removal about 92.42% and 92.35% respectively, and the C.glomerata is the best in Cadmium processing, a reduced rate of 99.21% followed by immobilized S.dimorphus of 97.13%. The current study also involves a laboratory experiment to evaluate the potential of two aquatic plants duckweed (Lemna minor L.)and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Mart.(Solms.) in improving the quality of wastewater the tested plants have been worked at increasing the aeration of treated water by raising dissolved oxygen concentration about 85.26% and 84.4% for duckweed and water hyacinth, on the other hand the relative efficiency to reduce the pollutants by aquatic plants as follows : EC, NO2, NO3(31.66% and 28.45%, 55.7% and 50.01%, 55.7% and 13.3%)for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, from another side water hyacinth is the most efficient in phosphate reducing at rate of 90.5% comparing with duckweed 49.78%.On the of heavy metals treatment the tested plants show a remarkable removal of lead 88.23% and 80.4% , chromium 97.84% and 95.18% for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, with respect to cadmium, water hyacinth shows high efficiency in the removal of this metal by 98.14%, while duckweed is the least in the treatment of Cd by 81.8%. From the above results, the current study demonstrates that there are a spatial and temporal variations regarding the factors examined in the stations of wastewater treatment units and confirms that the efficiency of studied wastewater treatment stations is below the required level, which contributes in increasing the pollution of Al - Dewaniyah River, which is the unique source to supply the city with freshwater for all purposes, that receives large loads of pollutants.The study also confirms that the evaluation of the presence of algae in the studied stations.Thus the knowledge of algal composition could give an early warning and accurate assessment about the quality of sewage before dumping into river. In addition to the forgoing, it is concluded that the biological treatment (bioremediation) of wastewater using free and immobilized algae and aquatic plants have improved dramatically and tangibly the benefits of the quality of that water being a promising approach of the wastewater treatment as well as being low cost economically.

اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار بواسطة Trichoderma harzianum وBacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae اتجاه الفطر Rhizoctonia solani المسبب لمرض سقوط البادرات == Resistance Mechanisms In Cucumber Plant By Trichoderma Harzianum, Bacillus Subtilis And Glomus Mosseae Against Rhizoctonia Solani Causing Seedling Disease

اسم المؤلف: رباب مجيد عبد الذهيبي
اسم المشرف: علي هاشم الموسوي | هادي مهدي عبود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة للتحري عن اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار ضد الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani بوساطة المعاملة بالعوامل الاحيائية وهي harzianum Trichodermaو Bacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae وتاثير ذلك في نمو نبات الخيار وحاصله النامي تحت ظروف البيت | This study was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of induced resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by bioeagent factors Tricoderma harzianum fungus, Basillus sibtilis bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. The effect in parameters growth and yield of cucumber plant which growing under greenhouse and field conditions. The pathogenic fungus showed high Pathogenesis on cucumber plant. Three isolated of B. subtilis and T. harzianum showed high antagonism ability against R. solani under laboratory condition. For mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae isolated was tested to study their ability in cucumber growth for chosen the best isolated which can used in anther experiment which results were as follows : - A - Pots experiment 1 - The bioeagent factors was showed their ability to induced several mechanisms of resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus R. solani, Which included increasing the activity of defense enzymes in existed of pathogenic fungus R. solani, The treatment (T. harzianum + G. mosseae) was recorded highest level in enzyme activity of Phenylalanine ammonia layase enzyme which was (25.3541) unit/gm fresh weight, While T. harzianum treatment showed significantly increased the enzyme activity of Polyphenol oxidase and Peroxidase which was (10.6707, 2.6137) unit/gm fresh weight respectively. This study showed no enzyme activity for chitinase enzyme excepted in some treatment and some periods.This study recorded increased in plant content of total phenol, lignin, salicylic acid hormone, total protein, The (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) treatment overtaken on other treatments in increased plant content of total phenol which was (1.989) mg/gm fresh weight, B. subtilis treatment was significantly increased plant content of lignin which was (18.318) mg/gm fresh weight, The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) showed significantly increased plant content of salicylic acid hormone which was (1.8658) mg/gm fresh weight. This study recorded no Jasmonic acid hormone activity in treated plant except in some treatments but with low level, The treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) was recorded highest content in total protein which was (239.3) ?g/mg. 2 - The rate of seedling death and disease index was significantly reduced in bioeagent treatments, The lowest rate for seedling death in the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis), (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) which were 11 % each for them comparison with control treatmentwith pathogen which was 100%.3 - The rate number of spores and percentage of mycorrhiza infection was significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. The treatment of mycorrhiza infection with pathogen recorded highest number of mycorrhizal spores which was (1410) spore. The mycorrhiza infection reach to 100% in (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment with pathogen fungus. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest index of mycorrhiza infection which reach to (80)%, But the index of mycorrhiza infection and mycorrhizal root weight were decreased in the existed of pathogenic fungus, Mycorrhizal dependency it was increased in all treatments with pathogenic fungus and the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest percentage in Mycorrhizal dependency which was (58.873)%. 4 - The plant content of chlorophyll (a, b, total) was significantly increased, The tratment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in chlorophyll a it was (5.30)mg/gm, the highest level in chlorophyll b found in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (6.07)mg/gm, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment without pathogen recorded highest level in total chlorophyll it was (10.79)mg/gm. The concentration of phosphor concentration increased in shoot part of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen which was (0.538)%, potassium concentration were decreased in all treatments with pathogen excepted (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) treatment, The highest level of potassium in treatment of (B. subtilis) without pathogen which recorded (4.65)%, For nitrogen concentration was increased in all treatments with pathogen and the highest level in (T.harzianum) which was (5.114)%. Carbon concentration significantly decreased in all treatments with pathogen and (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest concentration in carbon which was (46.203)%. 5 - The result showed that all growth parameters either in the absence or presence of pathogenic fungus was significantly increased in all bioagent treatments.The percentage of germination reach to (100)% in (B. subtilis) with or without pathogen , the treatment (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in shoot length it was (92.40)cm, And the same treatment recorded highest rate in fresh and dry weight for shoot part which was (7.412, 0.990) gm respectively, (T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest rate in leaf area it was (453.083)cm2, The highest rate of flower number was in (T.harzianum) with pathogen which was (15.66)flower/plant. The fresh and dry weight for root, root length, root surface area and the rate of root diameter were significantly increased in comparison with control treatment without pathogen. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest level in fresh and dry weight for root which were (0.359, 0.094)gm respectively. Highest root length in (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (48.14)cm, root surface area decreased in the treatments with pathogen and the treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest root surface area it was (19.16)cm 2, The root diameter was increased in(G. mosseae) with pathogen was reach to (0.363)mm.B - Field experiment 1 - Under field condition the percentage of germination increased in the treatment without pathogen which were (94.44)% in treatments (G. mosseae) , (B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) respectively, In the treatments with pathogen the percentage of germination reduced and The bioeagent factors showed no reduction in percentage of disease infection or disease index with pathogenic fungi R. solani under field condition which reach to (100)%. 2 - The rate number of spores, percentage of mycorrhiza infection, index of mycorrhiza infection, mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency on cucumber plant significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) significantly overtaken on other treatments in increased rate of mycorrhizal spors it was (3950)spore, The mycorrhiza infection reach to (100)% in all treatments, For index of mycorrhiza infection the treatments of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) recorded highest rate which reach to (100)%, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment recorded high increased in mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency which were (545.67 gm, 67.78%) respectively. 3 - The plant content of total chlorophyll was significantly increased, The highest level in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment which was 5.19 mg/gm. There was significantly increased in the concentration of nutrition elements P, K, N, C in cucumber plant. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration in phosphor and nitrogen which were (489.4, 3.62) % respectively, The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration of potassium which was (2.975)%. The highest concentration of carbon recorded in B. subtilis treatment which was (34.823) %. 4 - All shoot, root and yield parameters of cucumber were significantly increased under field conditions. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in plant height, dry shoot weight, leaf area rate number of flowers, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (42.87 cm, 10.85 gm, 631.06 cm2, 19, 17, 1275 gm) respectively. The treatment G. mosseae recorded significantly increased in fresh shoot weight which was (32.76) gm. The treatment with (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in fresh and dry weight of root, root length, root surface area, rate of root diameter, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (11.4 gm, 5.5 gm, 151.71 cm, 44.05 cm2, 0.763 mm, 17, 1275 gm) respectively,

دراسة مقارنة لتاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية وبعض الاحماض الكاربوكسيلية في البكتريا المسببة لالتهابات الحروق == Comparative Study of The Effect of Some Plants Extract And Carboxylic Acids On Contaminating Bacteria In Burns Infection

اسم المؤلف: سـعاد خليـل ابراهيـم
اسم المشرف: مهدي ضمد القيسي | جنان مجيد العقيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2009
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت (500) عينة من المرضى المصابين بالحروق من ثلاث مستشفيات في مدينة بغداد للمدة من 1/6/2007 ولغاية 1/11/2007. زرعت هذه المسحات على الاوساط الزرعية للعزل الاولى وتم تشخيصها بالفحوصات المظهرية والبايوكيميائية. اظهرت (489) عينة ملوثة بالبكتريا وبنسبة | • Five hundreds swabs were collected from patients suffered from burns in three hospitals of Baghdad city, for the period from 1st June 2006 to 1st November 2007. The swabs were implanted in order to be isolated and diagnosed by morphological and biochemical tests. • The results showed that 489 swabs were contaminated with bacteria (97.8%), while 11 swabs were not (2.2%). The identification and prevalence of the bacteria was as follow Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 148 swabs (30.27%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 102 (20.26%), Staphylococcus aureus in 79 (16.16%), Escherichia coli in 70 (14.31%), Proteus mirabilis in 52 (10.63%) and Enterobacter cloacae in 38 (7.77%). • Information card for each patient was assigned included age, sex, time of suffering from burns, social status and address.• The degrees of suffering were as follow : - First degree of burns, 201 cases (40.2%). - Second degree, 187 cases (37.4%). - Third degree, 112 cases (22.4). Sensivity test to antibiotic and was done for all the isolated bacteria, and it was found, that, they were sensitive to Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Tetracyclin and Fusidic acid within the percentage ratio of 0.0, 59.1, 3.7, 58.5 and 11.6%, respectively. Also it was found that the investigated bacteria showed high Vesistance to Penicillin G (87.9%), Erythromycin (93.9%), Trimethoprim (100%), Carbencillin (83.9), Cefotaxime (63.4%), Ampicillin (75.9%), Gentamycin (67.9%), Streptomycin (83.6%), Nalidix acid (89.4%) and Linomycin (83.2%). o Searching for the active compounds in the extracts of investigated plants (Linum usitatissimum, Nigella sativa and Eruca sativa) was conducted. It was found, that, the seeds of the three plants contained Glycosides, Alkalis, Flavonoids, Soapiness and Resins, which are not water soluble, but could be detected by the alcoholic extraction. Cumarin was noticed in the seeds of N. sativa and E. sativa only. o Different concentrations of water and alcohol extracts were prepared in addition to the isolation of oils, soapiness and Flavonids. The effectiveness of the extracts was tested at the concentration of 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 mg/ml for all the plants, against the bacteria.o The Phenol, water and alcohol extracts of L. usitatissimum and E. sativa showed high effect against the bacterial species, while that of N. sativa was less affective.o The Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), was found to be different according to the type of extract and the species of bacteria.o The effects of the organic acids (Acetic, Citric, and Lactic) were tested at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4% of each acid. An increase in the diameter of inhibition area, related with the increase in the acid concentrations, was detected. It was found that the acetic acid was more affective against the microorganisms, followed by the Citric acid and then the Lactic acid.o on the base of ratios of inhibition area diameters (in vitro), the results illustrated that E. coli was more affected by Acetic acid when the diameters reached 18.75, 21.75, 30.75, 38.25, 40.00 and 44.75 mm, respectively. The concentration of 1.5% was the effective enough against E. coli as diameters rates for P. mirabilis were 19.25, 18.25, 18.0, 22.56, 27.75 and 31.0 mm, respectively, followed by Ps. aeruginosa, S. aurues and En. cloacae when exposed to the optimum concentrations of Acetic, Citric, Lactic acids. The diameters at concentration of 4% were 23.50 and 23.66 mm. o The water extracts from all the involved plants, in addition to the organic acids showed good levels of effectiveness against the different studied bacterial species, when suffered by burns rats were exposed to them. A clear decrease in bacteria numbers in these rats in comparison with non - treated animals, in the swabs removed from the treated and non - treated rats, in addition to the absence of any histophathalogical changes in livers and skins of the treated animals. o Biochemical tests of serums from animals treated with the water extracts and organic acids at concentration of 16 mg/Kg and 18 mg/Kg for seven days and the microscope investigation, proved that these compounds were not toxic.o The effects of the water extracts and the organic acids were studied too from the point of the immunity point of view. An increase in the Levels of IgG and IgA of the supplementary systems C3 and C4 was noticed in the suffered from burns in general. The levels of IgG and IgA tended to be normal after the treatments with the water extract from the studied plants and with the organic acids.o The L D50 of N. sativa and E. sativa was 18 mg/kg while it was 16 mg/Kg of L. usitatissimum.

تحمل التراكيب الوراثية من الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. للاجهاد المائي بتاثير البرولين == The Tolerance of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes To The Water Stress Under Proline Influence

اسم المؤلف: قيود ثعبان يوسف الاسدي
اسم المشرف: عبد عون هاشم علوان الغانمي | عبد الجاسم محيسن جاسم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
النص الكامل من المصدر: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-The-Tolerance-of-maize-Zea-mays-L.-Genotypes-to-the-Water-Stress-under-Proline-Influence.pdf
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في حقل خاص لمنطقة البركة (30) كم شمال شرق مدينة كربلاء اثناء موسم النمو 2012للعروتين الربيعية والخريفية باستعمال الاصص البلاستيكية. هدفت الدراسة معرفة تاثير الاجهاد المائي والرش بحامض البرولين وتداخلاتها في المؤشرات المظهرية والفسلجية و| This study was conducted in a private field at Albargah district (30Kms) northern east of Karbala city during spring and fall of 2012 growing season using plastic pots. The goal was assess the effect of water stress, foliar application of proline and their interactions on characteristics morphological, physiological and nutritional status of three genotypes of maize namely : Serour, 5018, and Baghdad - 3.The characteristics included root's volume, root's length, root's diameter, root's dry weight, plant height, leaves number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, absolute and relative growth rates and content of chlorophyll and proline in the leaves. The nutritional status included, the concentration, the contents and the rates of absorption and transport of N, P, K, Ca and Mg.In addition to the molecular study which included the technique of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) DNA. A Factional experiment within Completely Randomized Design (C.R.D.) was adopted i.e. three genotypes of maize namely : Serour, 5018, and Baghdad - 3, proline (0, 50, 100 and 150) mg. L - 1 and two levels of field capacity (50 and 100) % with three replicates in a total of 72 experimental units.Means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level. Results could be summarized as follow : 1 - Genotypes significantly differed in the studied traits.The cultivar 5018 gave the highest values of root's volume, root's length, root's diameter, root's dry weight, plant height, and root/shoot ratio for spring and fall cultivations.The same cultivar gave higher values of P%, Ca%, Mg% in roots and the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, rates of absorption and transport of N, P and Ca in spring and fall cultivations.Leaves P%, Ca% and Mg %, leaves Mg content and absorption and transport of Mg in fall cultivation. on the other hand, Serour cultivar give higher values of leaves number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, absolute and relative growth rates, content of chlorophyll and N% in root in spring and fall cultivation. P% in leaves in fall cultivation, leaves K% in both cultivation, content of N, P, K and Ca of shoot in both cultivations, shoot's Mg content of shoot in fall cultivation, content of N, P, K and Ca of shoot in both cultivation and Mg content of shoot in fall cultivations. Baghdad - 3 cultivar give higher values of proline content, Mg% in roots in both cultivations, shoot Mg% in fall cultivations, absorption and transport rates of K in fall cultivation, transport rate of Ca in spring and fall cultivations and absorption and transport rates of Mg in fall cultivation. 2 - Apart from Ca% of root in spring and fall cultivation, the proline markedly influenced all the rest traits where 100 mg. L - 1 proline gave the highest values compared to control treatment (i.e. 0 proline) that gave the lowest values. The proline at 50 and 150 mg. L - 1 gave intermediate values for all studied traits. 3 - Apart from some cases, 100% field capacity treatment gave higher values of most studied parameters. The field capacity of 50% gave higher values of N% and K% in roots and leaves, the content of N and K of roots and shoots and rates of absorption and transport rates of K in spring and fall cultivations. on the other hand, there was no effect of field capacity on Ca% of roots and shoots in spring and fall cultivation and Mg% of roots in spring cultivations. 4 - Bi and Tri interactions effect was profound on most studied characteristics. 5 - Through molecular study that including isolation of DNA in leaves of maize , a quantity of DNA ranging between 150 - 290 nano - gram / ?l with 1.8 - 1.9 purity was obtained. The differentiation of (RAPD) DNA was analyzed in order to prepare the finger print of maize genotypes. Six primers were tested (OPA - 09, OPA - 11, OPA - 13, OPC - 12, OPD - 20 and OPN - 16). The primers revealed different multiplication products between genotypes.The least value of genetic distance was 0.4103 between 5018 and Baghdad - 3genotypes, while the highest value of genetic distance was 0.7932 between Serour and 5018 genotypes.Data analysis revealed that these genotypes are divided into two main groups namely : group included 5018 and Baghdad - 3 genotypes, and group included Serour genotype only.

دراسة جزيئية عن جين المقاومة mecA في بكتريا العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمشيسلين والمعزولة من بعض مستشفيات بغداد == Molecular Study For Detection of Meca Gene In Methicillin - Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Some Hospital In Baghdad City

اسم المؤلف: لمى ياسين موسى
اسم المشرف: محمد ابراهيم نادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Two hundred and thirty clinical specimens were collected from two different hospitals in Baghdad during the period (December 2012 to April 2013). These specimens were collected from visitors, hospitalized patients and the health care workers in these hospitals. The specimens included nasal swab, wound swab, burn swab, abscess and pus, sputum, ear swab, urine and blood culture diagnostic results show that 150 out of the (230) specimens gave positive bacterial cultures and (100) isolates are characterized as Staphylococcus aureus depending on the cultural and biochemical examinations.the coagulase test was performed and the results showed that from total 150 isolates of Staphylococci, 100 isolates (61%) were coagulase - positive (COPS), while only 50 isolates (39%) were coagulase negative (CONS). In addition, the distribution of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus spp. was investigated.The use of the antibiotic susceptibility profile for these isolates was examined against methicillin resistance. Using disk diffusion method revealed that (13) isolates were proved to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), While (87) isolates of S. aureus showed sensitivity to methicillin (MSSA) and there was no intermediate resistance among these isolates.The ability of MRSA isolates to produce some virulence factors were investigated and the results showed that MRSA isolates produce many enzymes and toxins that contributed in their virulence such as protease, urease, dnase and gelatinase, and also produce a beta types of haemolysins.The ability to produce slime layer by MRSA isolates was also investigated and the results showed that all isolates of MRSA were produced slime layer when theytested by Congo red agar method and the results showed that all of MRSA isolates produced strong slime layer.One of the aims of this study was to adopted a accurate diagnostic method to detect S.aureus by its genetic material contents through extracting of DNA and gel electrophoresis of the PCR product for the specific gene.Detection of methicilline - resistance gene represented by A confirmatory test was carried out for the selected isolates using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for further characterization up to the species level by the amplification of (mecA) gene.This is Staphylococcus aureus specific gene that encodes the extra Penicillin Binding Protein, which is unique to methicillin - resistant staphylococci. All the (13) positive isolates by disk diffusion test are found to be positive for the presence of (mecA) gene as their agarose gel revealed the presence of DNA band of mecA gene with a molecular size about (200 bp.).Results of the detecting (femB) gene showed that it was positive in all of MRSA isolates as they appear to have a band with a molecular size of about (651 bp). The genetic determinants of methicillin resistance mecA and femB genes were amplified using multiplex PCR technique in order to identify methicillin resistant (mecA+) and susceptible (lacking mecA) staphylococci and to differentiate S. aureus (femB+) from coagulase negative staphylococci (lacking femB). All of the S. aureus isolates (100%) were found to harbor femA gene, it is species specific marker for S. aureus.

دراسة وبائية لاميبا النسج في مدينة كركوك وعلاقته بالجذور الحرة في مصل دم المصابين == Epidemiological Study on Entamoeba Histolytica in Kirkuk City And Its Relationship With Free Radicals in Blood Serum of Infected Persons

اسم المؤلف: ليما طارق يواش لازار
اسم المشرف: شهاب احمد محمد الجبوري | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية فحص 600 عينة غائط للمرضى المراجعين لمستشفى الاطفال في مدينة كركوك للفترة من 1/12/2010 الى 17/7/2011 للتحري عن طفيلي Entamoeba histolytica.تم فحص عينات الغائط بطريقة المسحة المباشر باستخدام المجهر الضوئي للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية وال | The present study includes the examination of stool sample of patients attended pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city for period from 1st of December till 17th July 2011 for detection of Entamoeba histolytica.The stool samples were examined by direct wet mount method, using light microscope for detection of trophozoites and cysts stages of parasite. The study showed that the rate of infection with E. histolytica / E. dispar was 21.67% (130 of 600). The cystic stages were dominant in infected stool samples which being 53.85% (70 of 130), while the trophozoite stage was 15.38 % (20 of 130). The epidemiological survey based on direct stool examination showed the rate of infection among females was 23.07% (60 of 260) in comparison with males 20.59% (70 of 340). The highest rate of infection was among the age group 1 - 5 years 25.5% (69 of 270). The highest rate was also in children of illiterate parents 26.1% (68 of 260). The biochemical tests were carried out to estimate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and selenium. The study showed that the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde increased in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls, while the study showed decreased selenium concentration in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was done to estimate serum IgG level for Entamoeba histolytica, the rate of seropositivity for IgG was 21.68% (18 of 83). The rate of IgG in positive sample was 17.73% (7 of 41) while in negative sample was 26.19% (11 of 42).

تاثير بعض شدد المجبل المغنبطيسي المستقر في بعض المتغيرات الدمية والكيموحيوية والنسجية للفئران البيض Balb - C - albino Effect of Static Magnetic Fields In Some Physiological And Histological Aspects In Mice == Effect of Static Magnetic Fields In Some Physiological And Histological Aspects In Mice

اسم المؤلف: نضال ابراهيم لطيف الحداد
اسم المشرف: عبد علي ذاكر | عماد عبد الرحمن محمد صالح
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الانبار - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Study includes following up of measuring the total dissolved protein and enzymes in different body organs and the structural changes (Histological)occurring in the testis and epididymis and liver and kidney of the male mice, in addition, the study includes following up of must the hematological and Hormones changes.This study consists of three experiments.The first experiment involved exposing male mice directly for thirty consecutive day to three different magnetic stressed 750, 1500, 3000 Gauss The second experiment involved exposing pregnant mothers directly during pregnancy, amounting to 21 consecutive days for the same intensites and after the end of exposure and the occurrence of birth was taking male embryos left until puberty to conduct the study by the third experiment involved SMF same intensites also for a period of 30 days after the end of the period of exposure was that males paired with females and left until the birth then was taking male embryos left until adulthood to conduct the study at the end of each experiment and weighed the animals and took blood samples and explained and eradicated all organs (liver, kidney the heart and spleen) for the first test and (liver and kidney) for the second and third as the experience was detected changes in the total dissolved proteins amount were observed using the method of Biuret and those on protein band resolved on polyacrylamide electrophoresis PAGE.Also the effect of SMFs on the activity of each of the enzymes ACP, ALP, ALT and AST was estinmated using the Spectroscopic method. Electrophoresis was used to observe effects on enzymic bands of Esterase on PAGE. In addition to biochemical variables included enzymatic antioxidants, which included enzymatic SOD, CATand MDA as has been the follow - up blood changes which included the amount of hemoglobin Hb, PCV, WBC, RBC and platelet counts and blood Were estimated as the concentration of each of the hormones (prolactin, LH, FSH) and testosterone hormone as eradicated all of the right testis and epididymic for the first experiment and excised portions of the liver and kidney for the second and third experiment and they were used to prepare histological sections for the histological studies.The tissues were sectioned and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain using the routine histological techniques.The result of the study could summarized as follows : - - The Results of this study showed was an increase not significant (p?0.05) in body weight It also showed decrease not significant (p?0.05) In the liver and spleen weight either kidney, heart weight did not change in any weights appears when 750 and 1500 gauss either at 3000 gauss intensity was significantly increased and clear (P?0.05) compared with control animals.—There was a significant in (MDA, AST, ALT, ACP, ALK, TP) To extract the liver, kidney, heart and spleen male mice exposed to three different stressed 3000, 1500, 750 gauss As for the enzymes(CAT, SOD) Showed a significantdecrease in heart, kidney, spleen extract to mice exposed and rise significantly in the liver of mice exposed to stressed above the first experiment, there was no significant increase in the activity of enzymes (ACP, ALK, TP) And an increase in the activity of moral enzymes(MDA, SOD, CAT, AST, ALT) In liver extract and kidney male mice second experiment compared with control animals. The third experiment, there was no significant increase in the activity of enzymes (ACP, ALK, TP) And an increase in the activity of moral enzymes(MDA, SOD, CAT, AST, ALT) Liver extract in male mice third experiment compared with the control animals in either extract kidney male mice third experiment, there was not significant increase in (SOD, CAT, AST, ALT, ACP, ALK, TP) And a significant increase in the activity of the enzyme (MDA compared with control animals - The results showed some changes in the intensity and number of protein bands to extract four organs first experience at three 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with animal control and extract the liver and kidney for the second test and third at all intensities when electrophoresis was carried out on PAGE. - The results showed that there are some changes in the intensity and number of enzyme bands esteras in the extract of the four organs of the first experiment at 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with animal control and extract the liver and kidney for the second test and third at all intensities when electrophoresis was carried out on PAGE. - Results of the first experiment showed significant increase (P?0.05) in each of the(Hb, PCV, PLT and RBC) Animals exposed to either 1500.750 gauss at 3000 gauss intensity rise was not significant (P?0.05) compared with control animals. The results showed a significant decrease (P?0.05) in WBC at all intensities compared with control animals at all intensities.Results of the second and third experiment showed not significant increase (RBC, PCV, Hb and PLT) and not significant (P? 0.05) in WBC at all intensities compared with control animals at all intensities. - The results of the first experiment showed that there was significantly higher (P?0.05) in the LH hormone when exposed to the three stressed 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with control animals. there was a significant decrease (P?0.05) in each of the hormonal FSH prolactin When the exposed to the three stressed 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with control animals, but the Testosteron hormone has decreased at 750 gauss a significant decrease (P?0.05) compared with control animals. - The results of the first experiment not significant decrease (P?0.05) in the testis and epididymis weight of the animals exposed to 1500 and 750 gauss compared with control animals either at 3000 gauss intensity, there was a significant increase (P?0.05) in both organs weight compared with control animals. Histological studies showed the significant decrease in the diameter and thickness of epithelial tissue of the seminiferous tubules and epididymis tubules and duct efferentes inthe 750and 1500 Gauss/where appeared where appeared in epithelial tissue is incomplete and thinner than in the animal control either when the intensity of 3000 gauss there was a significant decrease diameters and high padded her cells and appeared in epithelial tissue integrated compared with animals control. - Histological study showed the liver of male experience the second occurrence of some histological changes in the central vein and semi - sinus blood and prepare Kupffer cells and epithelial cells lining compared with control animals. And the lack of any histological changes in male mice kidney second experiment and stressed 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with control animals.Histological study also showed the liver third male mice experiment that no histologic changes at 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with control animals either the kidney of male mice have shown some changes in some histological structures at 750, 1500 and 3000 Gauss, compared with control animals

استجابة ثلاثة اصـناف من حنطة الخبز Triticum aestivum L. باضافة سماد NPKZn والرش بالجبرلين == Response of Three Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) 3With Gasprying Fertilizer And NPKZn Cultivars To

اسم المؤلف: عبد الجبار جاسم جريان
اسم المشرف: عباس جاسم حسين الساعدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A field study was conducted at the farm of Biological Dpartment, College of Education (Ibn Al - Haitham) University of Baghdad during the grown season 2013 - 2014, to study the effect of compound fertilizer NPKZn (15 : 15 : 15 : 1) - Turkish origin was introduced to Iraq recently - in both ) 3(GA acid Gibberellicvarious concentrations of with morphological and chemical indicators, the components of yield, some quality and biological characteristics of three varieties of the Iraqi wheat (Bohoth 22, Alfath, Bohoth158). Experiment was carried out according to the design of complete sectors of randomization [Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)].160) (0 of fertilizer, two levels used experiment Asthree replicates, with ) 015, 100, acid concentrations (25, 50 Gibberellicof fourand 1 - .hKg and three varieties of as well as to the treatment of comparison 1 - .lmg wheat. So the expriement was factorial on (2 x 5 x 3).It included 90 experimental units..The study of components of yield have gone on its : 1. There is difference in these three different varieties Bohoth 22, Alfath, and Bohoth 158 in the studied indicators.The class Bohoth 158 exceeds on the other categories in the following phenotypic indicators (dry weight of vegetative part, space of flag leaf and sustainability of biomass), with increase as like {(17.85, 11.37), (14.66, 7.33) and (17.02, 14.24)}%, respectively, while Bohoth 158 significantly exceeds on the other varieties absolute growth rate. And also the differences were significant between varieties in the following chemical indicators (phosphorus and calcium content and the percentage of protein in the grain) and in the components of yield there was significant increase in the (spike length with awn and without its, the number of spikes, weight of spike and its grains, weight of grains in spike and grains yield), while in the Bohoth 158 there was a significant increase in qualitative and rheological characteristics for the following qualities, (the proportion of wet and dry Glutine, flour absorption susceptibility of water, sedimentation values, ash content in coarse bran compared to others two classes. 2. The results of the study showed that the transactions under the influence of fertilizer has excelled significantly in all the study indicators (morphological and chemical components of yield, quality and rheological) with the exception of the dry weight of roots. acid was the best among Gibberellic 1 - .lmgof 100 concentration 3. The the concentrations giving him the highest average of indicators of morphological and physiological components of yield, quality and rheological. and spray 1 - 160 Kg.hbetween the manure level overlap 4. The result Gibberelllic acid showed 1 - mg.l 100 of concentration under the significant increase in all studied indicators except for the (dry weight of roots, the sustainability of biomass, and 1000 - grain weight) 5.The trio overlap transactions showed exceeding of Bohoth 158 nder the influence u 1 - .hKg160 in level fertilizer of add ithw significantly 22 Bohothcategories : other acid onGibberellic of 1 - .lmgof spraying 100 and Alfath in the following indicators : Dry weightof the flag leaf, spike length with awn, number of spikes, grains yield, the percentage of dry Glutine and the values of sedimentation.

التاثيرات النسيجية والدمية والكيموحيوية لفلوريد الصوديوم على بعض اعضاء الجسم في الارانب المحلية == Histological, Haematological And Biochemical Effects of Sodium Fluoride On Some Body Organs of Local Rabbits

اسم المؤلف: مقداد احمد شهاب
اسم المشرف: هاشم محمد عبد الكريم العلاق
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
النص الكامل من المصدر: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study had been carried out to elucidate the toxic effects of sodium fluoride on local rabbit males, this study involved determination of the histological Changes of some organs include (Testes, Liver and Kidney) , moreover study the changes in body weight of the animals and the percentage of organs weight and some blood parameters and biochemistry which include packed cell blood volume (PCV), Hemoglobin (Hb), Total white blood cells, Testosterone hormone, T3, T4 hormones, Glucose concentration, Cholesterol, Urea, Transaminase enzymes and Bilirubin - level in blood. Twenty local adult male rabbits were included this experiment their ages ranged between 10 - 14 months.The animals were treated with oral swallow for 12 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups : control group is treated orally with (0.9%) normal saline; First group was treated orally with 10 mg/kg of body weight sodium fluoride, second group was treated orally with 20 mg/kg of body weight sodium fluoride and third group was treated orally with 30 mg/kg of body weight sodium fluoride. The results of present study showed a significant decreased (P<0.05) in body weight of treated animals with dose of sodium fluoride 20 and 30 mg/kg of body weight, while there is no significant differences in the body weights of treated animals with sodium fluoride dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight when to compared with control group. The percentage of organ weight to body weight showed a significant decrease in testis weights and liver weight, while there was no significant differences in kidney weight in treated group with sodium fluoride when to compared with control group. Concerning histological changes showed a reduction or freezed stages in spermatogenesis processes which timed with decrease in number of primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes in addition to infiltration of lymphocytes, also found that NaF cause disorganization, denudation, and reduction in germinal epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules and associated with absence of sperm in the lumina, also showed a decrease in radius of epididymus ducts and decrease in number of sterocilia and decrease number of mature sperms. Histological sections of kidney showed that there was a clear shrinkage of glumeruli.Histological section of kidney of animals that treated with sodium fluoride showed a mild blood vessels congestion, shrinkage in glumeruli, distributed in renal tubules and erode its epithelium with some apoptotic areas. The liver sections appeared appreciable effect with fluoride include dilation in central vein and erode to its epithelium, congestion in hepatic sinusoids with apoptosis and erode to general structure of liver with some of inflammatory cells and death in some cells which lead to erode of typical ray arrangement. Regarding blood parameters the present study showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in percentage of (PCV) and (Hb) of the animals treated with sodium fluoride, while showed (WBCs) count significant increased compared with control group. Hormonal analysis (Testosterone, T3 and T4) showed a significant decrease, while significant increase of glucose, cholesterol, urea, transaminases enzymes for (AST, ALT) and bilirubin levels. Results obtained from this study and mentioned above may be attributed essentially to that of Naf administration results in sever lesion of male reproductive system wich may be aggravated with increase administration concentration of Naf.

حركية بعض العناصر النزرة في النظام البيئي لنهر الديوانية == Kinetic of Some Trace Elements In The Ecosystem of Al - Diwaniya River

اسم المؤلف: حيدر مشكور حسين
اسم المشرف: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was conducted to understand the Relationship among concentration of selected of trace elements(Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in some trophic levels, water, and sediments, in Al - Diwaniya River. Samples were collected monthly for water, sediments, plant Phragmites australis (Cav.), phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish. from May (summer) 2013 up to April(spring) 2014 from three sites in Al - Diwaniya river. The current study included determine some physical and chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Salinity, Light Penetration, Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen, the Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Carbon of sediment, determined of the soil texture; and some trace elements in abiotic component such as water (dissolved and particulate), and in sediment, and so in biotic component included plant P. australis, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish females (Cyprinus carpio) and (Tilapia zilli). The results showed that the air and water temperature ranged between (16.4039.55) ?C; (11.42 - 30.57) ?C respectively. The study also demonstrated that the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged between (7.34 - 8.10), the electrical conductivity ranged between (7021 7021 - 7947 7947) µs/cm. while the TDS, ranged between (09.502 09.502 - 729950. 729950.) mg/l, according to the values of salinity ranged between (0.773 - 0.954)‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, while the values of Light Penetration ranged between (28.81 - 120.61)cm, and the turbidity ranged between (43.26 - 55.78) NTU, also showed dissolved oxygen as its value ranged between (45729 45729 - 7.979) mg/l, while the biological oxygen demand showed value ranged between (1.123 - 2.627) mg/l, The values of total organic carbon in sediments ranged between (0.440 - 1.045)%, While the sediment texture was sandy - silt in the first site, and sandy - clay in the both two and three sites of Al - Diwaniya river. Results of Concentration of trace elements (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in dissolved part ranged between (252222. 252222. - 2522724 2522724), ( 252270 252270 - 252200 252200), ( 25227. 25227. - 252290 252290), (252224. 252224. - 2522022 2522022 ) , ( 25279. 25279. - 252010 252010 ) mg/l., whereas in particulate part ranged for between (0.29 - 1.49), (3.46 - 13.04), (12.51 - 20.99), (1.08 - 4.67 ((, (65.54 - 127.51 ) µg/g dry weight. and in sediments ranged between (0.53 - 1.96), (23.93 - 49.65), (136.85 - 166.09), (4.14 - 5.92), (126.69 - 176.64) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in abiotic components was as follow : sediments> particulate part> dissolved part. in producers of Al - Diwaniya river ranged in plant P. australis from (0.07 - 0.20), (5.93 - 16.21), (8.67 - 46.87 ) , (0.89 - 2.93), (26.60 - 103.78) µg/g dry weight respectively. in phytoplankton from (0.40 - 1.77), (8.89 - 25.2), (28.0666.49), (1.47 - 3.59 ) , (103.39 - 159.70) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in producers was as follow phytoplankton> plant P. australis. While the concentrations of trace elements in consumers in (zooplankton) of Al - Diwaniya river ranged from(0.56 - 4.41), (21.89 - 56.08), (51.64 - 152.79), (2.806.06), (137.14 - 183.61) µg/g dry weight respectively. While in two species of fish according to organs in gills of Cyprinus carpio ranged from(0.63 - 2.07) ) ) 3.19 3.90), ) ) 4.04 - 8.96) , (1.95 - 3.76), (182.14 253.89) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.41 - 1.78), (6.20 - 32.47 ) , (5.97 - 10.39), (2.06 - 5.37), (136.15 184.75) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles from (0.49 - 3.43و) , (و 2.82 10.40), (7.17 - 11.57 ) , (0.61 - 4.60 ) , (110.96 - 160.46) µg/g dry weight respectively. and ranged in gills of Tilapia zilli from(0.44 - 1.15), (1.06 - 6.83), (8.18 - 13.97 ) , (1.46 2.89) , (99.03 155.33) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.571.64 ) , (13.08 - 28.06), ( 8.03 - 18.50), (1.32 - 3.02), (112.68 176.32) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles(0.46 - 1.80), (2.42 2.93), (7.47 - 10.52), ( 0.20 - 3.16 ) , (79.74 - 153.58 ((µg/g dry weight respectively. concentrations of all trace elements in consumers always were higher than with producers and abiotic components In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis., And in the organs of fish was as follow in Cyprinus carpio : gills> liver>muscle, while in Tilapia zilli was follow liver > gills >muscle. While the values of the bioconcentration factor for (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in producers of the study area ranged in plant P. australis. From 747542 747542)) - 7200500 7200500), ( 0.7150. 0.7150. - 729445.4 729445.4), (..1750...1750. - 047..59. 047..59.), ( 004540 004540 411507 411507), ( 44.592 44.592 - 4740509 4740509) respectively.In phytoplankton (7027512 7027512 - 000.2522 000.2522), (.704504.704504 - 79...549 79...549), ( 7111.547 7111.547 - 99420594 99420594), ( 7049542 7049542 - .20454..20454.), ( 0110527 0110527 77944502 77944502) respectively. the values of the bioconcentration factor for elements in consumers of the study area ranged in zooplankton from (712.59. 712.59. - .7444544.7444544), (0071504 0071504 - 42914504 42914504 ) , ( 0.004597 0.004597 - 07.700524 07.700524), ( 0..7527 0..7527 - 7709.544 7709.544), ( 4010577 4010577 70744574 70744574) respectively.in fish organs Cyprinus carpio ranged in gills from(197571 197571 - 97922522 97922522), (839.47 - 2808.33), (1704.16 - 4640.00), (1500.00 - 4076.92), (6876.10 - 13873.77) respectively. in liver ranged from (482.35 - 35600.00), (001.522 001.522 - 10075.00), (2473.81 - 6453.33), (1665.00 - 4646.15), (6373.16 - 12568.02) respectively. and in muscles (.14591.14591 - 40422522 40422522), ( 190572 190572 - 0444544 0444544), ( 7049500 7049500 9002500 9002500 - ) , ( 047520 047520 - 1214540 1214540), ( 4220501 4220501 - 9111502 9111502) respectively. while in Tilapia zilli organs ranged in gills (.71549.71549 - 00222522 00222522), ( 000500 000500 - 01015.2 01015.2) , ( 000254. 000254. 4070500 4070500), ( ((00475.0 00475.0 - 40.504 40.504 , (.40050..40050. - 0901541 0901541 ) respectively. in liver (4125.0 4125.000022522 00022522 ) , (.02.504.02.504 - 00000500 00000500), ( 0017590 0017590 - 77.405.2 77.405.2), ( 09457. 09457. - 9044500 9044500) , (499.5.0 499.5.0 - 0420592 0420592 ) respectively. and in muscles ranged from (.97571.97571 - 00022522 00022522), (771.05 - 0744544 0744544) , ( 7414574 7414574 - 401.522 401.522), ( ( ( 0.44500 0.44500 - 700502 700502, ( 5414.28 - 7354.09) respectively. results showed that the aquatic organisms (Consumers, Producers) have ability to bioconcentration of trace elements. and showed the descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis. The result of this study confirms the biomagnification phenomenon (the increase of trace elements concentration with elevation in trophic levels of the food web) in study of Al - Diwaniya river ecosystem, as it's the case in other region of the world

انتشار داء اللشمانية الجلدية في محافظة القادسية مع تقييم مدى الاسجابة للعلاج بعقار البنتوستام بطريقة RT - PCR == Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis In Al - Qadissia Province And The Evaluation of Treatment Response By Pentostam With Rt - Pcr

اسم المؤلف: رنا صالح صاحب محلول الدفاعي
اسم المشرف: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Results of clinical and laboratory examination of 239 cases showed 55 infection cases in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and in infection proportion reaches at 23.01% out of the total number of the Cutaneous cases which are similar to Leishmaniasis during the months of the study. The Results also showed that the highest infection was recorded between the ages 1 - 10 years old and about 26 cases in 47.27% and between 10 - 20 years old about 17 cases in 30.9% and the lowerest was between 40 - 50 and 70 - 80 years old in one cases in 1.8%. The summit of the disease spread was in February for about 24 cases in 43.63% specially in AL - Hamza AL - Sharqi where the highest number of infection was recorded for about 23 cases in 41.81%. It is followed by AL - Shafiya for 10 cases in 18.18% and the lowerest was AL - Mhannawiya for one case in 1.8%. It has been clear that the number of the multiple epidemics is more than the individual ones in 70.5% while the latter in 29.98% respectively. It was focused on hands and legs in 50.35% and 24.46 %. The tissue test showed thick perspiration in the big infected pharynx and lymphatic cell in addition to the existence of abscess to the smash of the infected cell. Forty nine positive cases were found in 89.09% for the genetic material DNA which is connected with Leishmaniasis by mean of NestedPCR to identify the type results showed 47 samples which is L. major in 95.91% and to get sure by investigating the virulence factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and cysteine protease it was found that all sample were positive in 100% as Leishmania. major. To know the affect of treatment pentostam on these samples, the standard proportion for the genetic patterns was calculated factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and cysteine protease during five week. Results showed that there was a big difference for each gene in a solation during the period of treatment in a level of the possibility of (P?0.05) when used test LSD. and by comparing the three genes it was found that there was a meaningful between cysteine protease and the other two factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and there wasn’t difference between lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan. Hence, it has been clear that the treatment pentostam has a big affect in parasite by its affect on the virulence factors and this explains that possibility of infection may happen again after having the treatment. The skin disease cutaneous Leishmaniasis is considered as one of the endemic parasitic diseases in Iraq. This study aims at identifying its prevalence and specifying the virulence factors in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in order to define the type of disease reason and the affect of the treatment of Pentostam on the virulence factors lipophosphoglycan, Cysteine protease, proteophosphoglycans by means Real time - PCR

التنوع الوراثي لبعض الانماط الوراثية للطماطة باستعمال واسمات الـ RAPD وSSR في العراق == Genetic Diversity of Some Tomato Genotypes Using RAPD And SSR Markers In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: اطياف جميل ثامر التميمي
اسم المشرف: علي حمود السعدي | محسن جلاب عباس
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوراثة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: قدر التنوع الوراثي لـ 19 من الانماط الوراثية للطماطة (المحدودة وغير المحدودة النمو) المستزرعة في العراق باستخدام اثنين من واسمات الدنا (DNA Markers) المعتمدة على تفاعلات البلمرة المتسلسلة Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) وهما واسمات التفاعل التضاعفي العشوا | Genetic diversity of 19 tomato genotypes (determinate and indeterminate) cultivated in Iraq using two polymerase chain reaction based DNA markers (PCR based DNA markers); Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs).Variation of some growth criteria and morphological traits for each genotype were recorded in the growing season of 2012 - 2013.High variability was observed in plant height, leaf area, number of inflorescence, number of flowers and fruit weight among genotypes To achieve PCR reactions, total genomic DNA was isolated from fresh leaves (2 weeks old). The average yields of DNA were in the range of 100 - 295 ng/?l with a purity ranging between 1.8 - 1.9.RAPDs amplifications were performed for genotypes fingerprinting by testing 27 Operon primers. DNA polymorphisms among genotypes were scored within detectable amplified fragments (their numbers and molecular weight) after agarose gel electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide. The 27 primers produced 442 of main bands, out of which 312 were polymorphic bands (70.5%) and 70 were monomorphic (15.8%) across all tested genotypes.Each selected primer produced between 60 bands (OPA - 14) to 290 bands (OPD - 13). DNA amplification products ranged in their size from 250 bp (OPA - 01, OPU - 14, OPX - 15, OPX - 19, OPT - 08 ( to 2755 bp (OPX - 18). The highest number of polymorphic bands (21 bands) was produced by primer OPU - 03, while the lowest number of polymorphic bands (3 band) was produced by both primers OPA - 14 and OPB - 17.The primers varied in their capacity in producing polymorphic amplified profiles among tomato genotypes which individually reflected genotype specific DNA profiles (fingerprints). The most important primers for this purpose were primers that produced more variety specific DNA profiles, such as OPD - 13, OPT - 08, OPW - 04, OPA - 04, OPA - 15, OPB - 18, OPU - 03, OPC - 09.The highest value of discrimination among genotypes in this study was obtained by primer OPU - 03, while the lowest discrimination value was produced by both primers OPA - 14 and OPB - 17. The primer efficiency ranged from 0.13 in (primer OPC - 09) to 0.02 in (primer OPB - 17). The lowest genetic distance was 0.2294 between genotypes Oula and Shady lady, while the highest genetic distance was 0.9459 between genotypes Fotton and Special pack. Cluster analysis (Phylogenetic tree) by un weighted pair - group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) based dendrogram revealed that they were two main genetic groups (major clusters).The first small major clusters included four (four genotypes) while the second large major cluster included (15 genotypes). A total of 21 alleles were detected among the tested genotypes using five SSRs loci distributed on four chromosomes of tomato. The molecular size of bands obtained from amplification of SSR products ranged from 121 to 247 bp. Alleles ranged from one in (Tom 8 - 9, Tom 41 - 42 and Tom 67 - 68 loci) to twelve in Tom 49 - 50 locus. The values of heterozygosity for each locus ranged between 0.63 for Tom 31 - 32 and 0.89 for Tom 49 - 50 with a mean value of 0.30. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR loci ranged from 0.45 in Tom 31 - 32 to 0.58 in Tom 49 - 50 loci with an average of 0.21. Each one of (Tom 8 - 9, Tom 41 - 42 and Tom 67 - 68 loci) produce 0.0 value for both heterozygosity and PIC. The study revealed that, The lowest genetic distance was 0.3244 between varieties Tamara and W arda, while, the highest genetic distance was 0.9177between varieties Helam and Super marimond. The genetic similarity values ranging from 0.0823 to 0.6756 depending upon the genetic distance values that ranging from 0.3244 to 0.9177, indicating the largest diversity with percentage of 32 to 91% among the tested genotypes. The analysis of the results obtained from genetic distances and Neighbor - joining dendrogram (unrooted tree) revealed that, the 19 tested tomato genotypes can be grouped into two major groups : first cluster included nine varieties distributed in two subgroups. The second major cluster included 10 genotypes which in turn divided into two subgroups.The relationship among genotypes was not concern to their morphological characters and geographical origins. The overall analysis of the results show that both SSRs and RAPDs markers are powerful tools in fingerprinting and revealing the genetic relationships among tomato genotypes.

دراسة بيئية للدايتومات الملتصقة على بعض النباتات المائية في هور العودة ضمن محافظة ميسان جنوب العراق == A Study On The Ecology of Epiphytic Diatom On Some Aquatic Plants In Al - Auda Marshes / Maysan Province / Southern Iraq

اسم المؤلف: الاء عيسى موسى البوعجي
اسم المشرف: جنان شاوي الحساني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الفصلية على الدايتومات الملتصقة على النباتات المائية لثلاث مواقع في هور العودة ضمن محافظة ميسان جنوب العراق (من شهر تشرين الاول 2013 لغاية شهر تموز 2014) نظرا لاهمية الدايتومات في الانظمة البيئية المائية والاهمية البيئية لاهوار العراق على مس | Seasonal study on the quality and quantity of epiphytic Diatoms was conducted in the Al - Auda marsh within Maysan Province throughout one year from October 2013 to July 2014.These Diatoms have an important role in biotic ecosystems. Three taxa of aquatic plants were selected (Phragmites australis Trin ex stand, Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Typha domengensis Pers) in three sites within Al - Auda Marsh; these sites were Al - Adleh, Al - Auda and Um - Almashahef. Also, the study included measuring physical and chemical factors of all the study sites, such as : temperature (air and water), power of hydrogen (pH), total hardness(TH), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), turbidity (Tur.), light penetration(LP), depth of water (D), total dissolved suspend material (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) and reactive Silicate (SiO3). The mean ranges of the studied factors were recorded : air temperature (10 - 38 C°), water temperature (13 - 34 C°), pH (7.1 - 8.6), TH (672 - 3800mg/l), Ca (97.8 - 264.5 mg/l), Mg (125.1 - 896.13mg/l), Tur.(7.62 - 30.7NTU), LP(46 - 113cm), D (190 - 413cm), TDS (1170 - 3075 mg/l), TSS (0.02 - 0.08 mg/l). while TA (207.5 - 300mg/l), DO (6.4 - 13.5 mg/l), TN (2.41 - 8.58µg/l), TP (0.013 - 0.23 µg/l) and SiO3(101 - 776.77 µg/l).Results of the study indicated presence of 111 taxa of epiphytic diatoms, which belonged to 13 families and 26 genus (one family and two genus of centric diatoms, 12 families and 26 genus of pennate diatoms).The present study recorded 21 species that were found only on one host plant, 20 species that were found on two host plants and 70 species that were found on all host plants, nine of diatoms taxa were present in all host plants among all study seasons which are Achnanthes minutissima, Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Synedra affinis, Syneda ulna , Gomphonem parvulum, Mastogloia smithii var. amphicephala, E. zebra var. porcellus, Rhopalodia gibba.One of the diatoms taxa was recorded in the present study is new to Iraqi flora, the new record of diatom include one taxa of Achnanthidiaceae family (Achnanthes exigua var. constricta). The results of this study included description of the basic characteristics of this taxa with complete photographic documentation.It was evident, from the results, that the morphological form of host plants influenced the number of the attached epiphytic diatoms. C. demersum had attracted 92 diatoms taxa(35%) while the lowest number was 82 taxa (31%) attached by Typha domengensis. The seasonal variation of diatoms growth was evident. Spring 2014 was characterized by the highest number of attached taxa (69 on P. australis - 11%) whereas the lowest number was observed on C. demersum (32 taxa - 5.4%) in autumn 2013.Numbers of epiphytic diatoms fluctuated among study sites, seasons and aquatic plants. The total number of epiphytic diatoms on P. australis ranged between 0.73×104 cell/gm wet weight in summer 2014 at Al - Auda and 406.89104 cell/gm wet weight in spring 2014 at Um - Almashahef. C. demersum recorded highest total number 513.9 ×104 cell/gm wet weight in winter2014 at Al - Adleh, while the lowest total number was 0.1×104 cell/gm of wet weight was recorded in the spring 2014 at Um - Almashahef. While total number of taxa on T. domengensis ranged (0.84 - 427.89) ×104 cell/gm wet weight in summer and winter 2014 at Um - Almashahef.Fluctuations in the total number of main epiphytic diatoms families were observed on all aquatic host plants throughout the study period. The higher total number(92.59×104 cell/gm of wet weight) of diatoms recorded in Achnanthidiaceae family in summer 2014 on P. australis and lower total number (0.28×104 cell/gm of wet weight) on same plant observed in Rhoicospheniaceae family in spring 2014. C. demersum showed highest total number (95.15 ×104 cell/gm of wet weight) in Fragilariaceae family in spring2014, while the lower total number (0.3×104 cell/gm of wet weight) was in family Rhoicospheniaceae in autumn 2013. Individual of Achnanthidiaceae family were recorded as highest total number (168.57×104 cell/gm of wet weight) on T. domengensis in Achnanthidiaceae family in the winter of 2014, but lower total number (0.28×104 cell/gm of wet weight) recorded in Coscinodiscaceae family in the same season. The study showed highest values for richness index (3.77) in the spring of 2014 for epiphytic diatom on C. demersum in Al - Auda site, while lower richness index recorded was (0.6) on T. domengensis in theautumn of 2013 at Um - Almashahef. Shannon - Weaver index ranged (0.24 - 2.45) for epiphytic diatom on P. australis during winter of 2014 at Um - Almashahef and autamn 2013 at Al - Auda, respectively. Highest values for Evenness index were recorded (0.28) for epiphytic diatom on C. demersum in the spring of 2014 at Um - Almashahef site, while for the same site lower values recorded was (0.03) on T. domengensis in winter 2014. Higher percentage for Jaccard similarity index (63.2%) obtained between epiphytic diatoms hosted on T. domengensis and lower percentage of similarity (28.9%) found among the common taxa of epiphytic diatoms on C. demersum, and highest percentage for Jaccard similarity index between host plants was (70%) between P. australis and C. demersum while lower percentage of similarity(67%) was obtained between T. domengensis and C. demersum.

دراسة بكتيريولوجية وراثية لبعض الانواع المعزولة من المصابين وغير المصابين بداء السكري == Bacteriological And Genetic Study of Some Species of Bacteria That Isolated From Patients And Healthy of Diabetes

اسم المؤلف: قناة محمود عطية سلامة الجبوري
اسم المشرف: كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري | رشيد حميد حسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومختبرات قسم علوم الحياة - كلية العلوم في جامعة تكريت للمدة من كانون الثاني 2010 لغاية كانون الثاني 2011، تضمنت جمع 534 عينة من اخماج المسالك البولية والجروح للمرضى المصابين بالنوع الاول والثاني من السكري | The study was conducted in the Laboratories of Teaching Tikrit Hospital and the laboratories of the Biology Department - College of Science - Tikrit University from January 2010 to the January 2011. In this study five hundreds thirty four samples of urine and wounds from patients with diabetes and healthy were collected from both sexes and all ages to isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria by morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics then determination of virulence factors and genetic variation between dominant type depending on the isolating source and the type of infection in diabetic patients. The counts of urinary tract infections and wound infection in non _diabetic patients were 118 and 52 respectively.The percentage of positive isolation of bacteria for both of them were 44, and 38.4% respectively and from the same patients with urinary tract Infections and wounds and Insulin Depended Diabetes (IDD) patients were 158 and 68 samples respectively and the percentage of bacterial isolation were at 78.5 and 67.6% respectively. The patients with Insulin Non - dependent Diabetes (INDD) were 69 and 42 samples, where positive isolates from bacteria were 75 and 71.4% respectively. The infections females from the Healthy and Diabetes Patients that (IDD) or (INDD) were larger than that of the males patients and with the same state with the wounds infections state for (IDD) patients, whereas the rate was smaller than of males for wounds infections to patients with the other diabetes infections type. The age group between 41 - 60 years was the larger percentage with all infections, except with wounds infections to (INDD) patients, while the age group between 16 - 40 years was the larger, and the infections were the largest means in the Winter and Autumn compare the other seasons.The higher rate of bacteria that isolated from patients with Urinary Tract Infections was Escherichia coli then other types like Citrobacter diversus , Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The larger rate of bacteria in patients with diabetes and wounds Infections was Escherichia coli then Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Morganella morganii and Staphylococcus aureus. The rate of diabetes infections with urinary tract infections and wounds increased in winter and autumn seasons more than of summer and spring seasons, Most bacterial isolates where sensitive for chloramphenicol.Other antibiotics were highly variable in their ability to inhibit bacterial isolates.the bacterial isolates were different in their ability to produce virulence factors, the diabetes infections was the reason of increase the variation in their ability to produce that virulence factor and the bacteria that isolated from diabetes patients produced haemolysine factor and capsule.PCR technique was used to show the genetic variations for the more repeats bacterial isolates isolated from all sources infections and used the Specific Primers (KPSMT II) group II capsule, (CNF1) Cytotoxic Necrotizing factor, (CNFs) and (HLY A) haemolysine, the bands appeared after electrophoresis to represent the used Primers, one band was appeared in the sample of diabetes Patients with Urinary Tract Infections(KPSMT II) at molecular weight 270 bp, and one band appeared in the sample of diabetes with urinary tract infections for Primer (HLY A) and it is molecular weight was 177 bp. One band appeared in the sample of diabetes patients for the primer (CNF1)hg with Wound Infections and it is molecular weight 450 bp, and there is not any band in the Primer (CNFs).

دراسة وراثية خلوية وجزيئية للتاثير الوقائي للكركم في سمية العقار ميترونيدازول في الفئران البيض == Cytogenetic And Molecular Study of Protective Effect of Curcumin in Toxicity of Metronidazole in White Mice

اسم المؤلف: فائق ابراهيم علي محمود
اسم المشرف: عادل فوزي شهاب
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الوراثة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية لغرض التعرف على التاثيرات السمية الوراثية والسمية الخلوية للعقار ميترونيدازول(MTZ) في الفئران البيض Balb/ C والتاثير الوقائي الذي توفره المعاملة المسبقة بالكركم(CUR) في سمية العقار ميترونيدازول. تم استخدام مؤشرات الوراثة الخلوية (النو | The current study was designed to identify the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Mitronidazole (MTZ) and protective effect of Curcumin (CUR) against the toxicity of MTZ in whit mice. Cytogenetic endpoints (micronuclei (MN) and mitotic chromosomes), Productive biomarkers (sperms), molecular cytogenetic biomarkers (comet assay), molecular endpoints (genomic and mitochondrial DNA concentration in liver and spleen and testis) and mutation assessment in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of liver and testis by PCR and restriction pattern were used to evaluate genotoxicity, cytotoxicity of MTZ and protective effects of CUR in white Balb/Cmice. The study was conducted in the laboratories of college of education, college of science in Tikrit university and laboratories in the state company for drugs industry - Samarra - Iraq (SDI). Dosages of 30 and 50 mg/kb.b.wt. of MTZ were tested for genotoxic and cytotoxic and mutagenic effects in somatic and sperms of white mice. The dosages 4.5 and 10 mg/kgb.wt. of CUR were used to study the protective effects of CUR in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity and mutagenecity of MTZ. The current study showed that MTZ has genotoxic effect expressed by high frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (PECs) which reached 15.5 ± 2.88 with the dosage 30 mg/kg.b.wt. and 21.31 ± 4.2 with the dosage 50mg/kg.b.wt. compared with 7.25 ± 1.88 in negative control. In the study of the protective effects of CUR against genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of MTZ, we observed that in mice treated with the dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt of CUR for 9 days before the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ, There were significant p<0.05 decrease in MN frequency which reached 13.25 ± 4.19 compared with 21.31 ± 4.2 for mice treated with the dosage 50mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ withoutCurcumin. The study showed that MTZ has cytotoxicity expressed by significant p<0.05 decrease in mitotic index (MI) which reached 0.010 in bone - marrow of the mice treated with 50 mg/kg.b.wt. compared with 0.023 in negative control. The dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt. of CUR for 9 days before giving the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ resulted in returning of MI in bone - marrow 0.021 to its levels in negative control 0.023 compared with its value which reached 0.010 with the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ. The two dosages 30 and 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ caused significant p<0.05 decrease in total number of sperms which reached 2.4±2.4 and 1.5 ± 0.1 milions simultaneously compared with 6.7 ± 0.9 millions in negative control. More over there were significant p<0.05 decrease in motile sperms which reached 25.2 ± 11.0 and 14.6 ± 10.6 compared with 57.6 ± 8.0 of negative control. Significant p<0.01 decrease in the length of mid - piece and total length of sperm tail with the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ which reached 19.2 ± 6.0 and 69.0 ± 6.0 simultaneously compared with 31.6 ± 9.0 and 100.3 ± 15.0for negative control. Treating with the dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt. of CUR for 9 day before the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ resulted in the return of mid - piece and total length of sperm tail which reached 29.5 ± 3.0 and 95.0 ± 5.0 close to the levels of negative control 31.06 ± 9.0 and 100.3 ± 15.0 simultaneously. Compared to 19.2 ± 6.0 for the length of mid - piece and 69.0 ± 6.0 for total length of sperm tail in mice treated with the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ without previous treatment with CUR. The study of damage levels in DNA with comet assay showed that MTZ induced significant p<0.01 levels of damage reached 45.4 ± 2.36 with the dosage 50mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ in bone - marrow and 36.8 ± 0.58 in liver cells compared with 9.0 ± 2.12 and 5.2 ± 0.58 simultaneously in negative control. There were decrease occurred in the level of damage in DNA of bone - marrow and liver cells. However it did not return to its levels of negative control 9.0 ± 2.12 in bone - marrow and 5.2 ± 0.58 in liver cells. OTM values reached 26.4 ± 1.29 and 24.0 ± 1.14 in mice treated with the dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt. of CUR for 9 days before the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ. However The values of OTM lower than its values in bone - marrow 45.4 ± 2.36 and 36.8 ± 1.66 in liver cells of mice treated with the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. without CUR. In the molecular study, The results showed mutagenic effect of the dosage 50 mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ in mice mtDNA expressed by novel restriction sites for Bam - HI and Hind - III in liver tissue and SauA3 in testis. The treatment of mice with the dosage 4.5mg/kg.b.wt. of CUR for 9 days before the dosage 50mg/kg.b.wt. of MTZ did not resulted in the inhibition of mutagenesis in mtDNA. In conclusion, results of this study showed that MTZ has genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in white mice and mutagenic effect in mice mtDNA. The dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt.of Curcumin has protective effect against genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of MTZ. on the other hand the dosage 4.5 mg/kg.b.wt. of Curcumin has no protective effect against mutagenicity of MTZ in mice mtDNA.

دراسة عدد من المتغيرات الفسلجية والمناعية لدى النساء المصابات بالتهاب السبيل البولي في مدينة تكريت == Study Some of Physiological And Immunological Parameters in Women With Urinary Tract Infections in Tikrit City

اسم المؤلف: لبنى عبد الجبار ياسين
اسم المشرف: موسى جاسم محمد الحميش
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الفسلجة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الهدف الرئيس لهذه الدراسة هو معرفة علاقة الانترلوكينات(IL - 2, IL - 4, IL - 6) ببعض الهرمونات لدى النساء المصابات بالتهاب السبيل البولي.تضمنت هذه الدراسة 116عينة دم من النساء المراجعات للعيادات الخارجية التابعة لمستشفى تكريت التعليمي اللواتي تترواحت اع | The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of Interleukines (IL - 2, IL - 4, and IL - 6) with hormones in women with inflammation of the urinary tract. This study involved (116) women visiting outpatient clinic of Tikrit Teaching Hospital for the period from September 2011 until February 2012. The ages of women were 16 - 50 years, and blood samples were taken for each of these women for the purpose of determining the levels of sex hormones (FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) and the levels Interleukines (IL - 6, IL - 4, IL - 2) and identify some of the variables blood parameters (WBC, ESR) and C - reactive protein Twenty samples were taken from the blood of women who are not infected and non - pregnant as a control group samples. The patients divided into three groups, which included non - pregnant women infected and pregnant women who are infected and pregnant non - infected urinary tract (UTI) also samples of the study was divided by periods of gestation into three periods included the first period (1 - 12 weeks) and the second period (12 - 24 weeks) and the third period (24 - 40 weeks) of pregnancy The results of the current study showed that there is significant increase in ESR for a pregnant women infected and pregnant women non - effected with UTI when compared to control (P ? 0.01) and highest level of ESR was in the last third of pregnancy, The total Count of white blood cells (WBC), results showed a significant difference between the three groups compared to the control group, had the highest level for (WBC) in the last third of pregnancy. As for the study of hormones when measuring the level of the hormone LH showed a significant decrease (P ? 0.05) for the three groups compared to control and the steepest decline of hormone level was in the last third of pregnancy. The hormone FSH got a significant decrease in the three groups compared with a control (P ? 0.01), lowest level was in the third trimester of pregnancy.Estrogen level showed a significant decrease (P ? 0.01) for a non pregnant women with UTI compared with a control, and show a significant increase in the level of the two sets of hormone - positive pregnant non - infected, and the highest increase was in last third of Pregnancy in both groups. The progesterone showed a significant increase in the level of the pregnant infected and pregnant non - infected (P ? 0.01) compared with a control group. While in non - pregnant, there is no significant difference. The testosterone level increased significantly (P ? 0.05) in the three groups compared to control group. the level Interleukines, Tests showed that a significant increase(p ? 0.01) in the level of interleukin - 2 (IL - 2) for a pregnant women with (UTI) compared with a control and a significant decrease in the last third of pregnancy in pregnant women which is non infected compared to the rest of the gestation periods, and for the level of interleukin - 4 The present study showed a significant increase (p ? 0.01) in the level of interleukin - 4 (IL - 4) for a non - pregnant women with (UTI) compared with a controlThe highest level reached by IL - 4 was in the last third of pregnancy in the non - infected at (p ? 0.05), interleukin - 6 has a significant decrease for the two sets of pregnant women with (UTI) and non - infected, compared with the control group and the absence of significant differences between the two sets of pregnant women infected and non - infectedRegarding level of C - reactive protein there is a significant increase (P ? 0.01) in the two groups of pregnant and non pregnant women compared with a control, and significant differences between control group and a group of pregnant non - infected.

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Enterococcus faecalis من مصادر مرضية مختلفة ودراسة امراضيتها في الفئران المختبرية == Isolation And Diagnosis of Enterococcus Faecalis From Different Clinical Sources And Study of The Pathogenicity in Experimental Mice

اسم المؤلف: عباس ياسين حسن
اسم المشرف: وعد محمود رؤوف | عباس عبود فرحان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية بهدف عزل وتشخيص المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis من مصادر سريرية مختلفة، وتقييم التغيرات المظهرية والافات المرضية في بعض اعضاء الفئران البيض السويسرية المصابة تجريبيا لذا تضمنت هذه الدراسة محورين رئيسين هما : الجانب ال | The present study was conducted to isolate and diagnose an Enterococcus faecalis which are isolated from different clinical sources, and evaluate the appearance changes and pathological lesions in some Swiss white mice organs which are infected experimentally, so this study deals with two main aspects : The bacteriological type : The results obtained may be summarized as follows : - The total number of (310) clinical samples were collected from Baquba Educational Hospital and Al - Batol Hospital for Maternity and Children in Baquba city from the beginning of March to the end of September (2009) with various ages and from both sexes, including (82) urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections, (46) vaginal swab from infection of female reproduction system, (45) surgical wound swabs, (38) stool sample from patients with abdominal pains and diarrhea, (32) throat swabs from tonsillitis patients, (25) middle ear swabs, (22) burn swabs, and (20) blood sample from patients with bacteremia and prosthetic valvular heart diseases. The isolates diagnose depended on the cultural and microscobial characteristics and biochemical tests, serological diagnosis according to Lancefield method and assertion diagnosis according to (API - 20 Strep) was done to find (32) isolates of Enterococcus : (28) isolates of E. faecalis (87.5%), (3) isolates of E. faecium (9.4%) and one isolate of E.gallinarum (3.1%). - The sensitivity of E. faecalis was tested against (23) different antibiotics. The isolates showed resistance of about (100%) against Aztreonam, Amikacin, Co - Trimoxazole, Cephalexin and Cefotaxime, while the isolates were sensitive about (100%) against Amoxicillin, Nitrofurantoin, Imipenem and Ampicillin, while they showed a various resistance to another antibiotics involved in this study. - The ability of the isolates for producing the Beta - lactamase enzymes was tested by the standard rapid iodometric method. The results showed the disability of these isolates for producing the Beta - lactamase enzymes. - The production ability of E. faecalis for some virulence factors was evaluated. The results showed the ability of these isolates of adherence to the uroepithelial cells of human's urinary system were (93%), and (82.1%) were bacteriocin producer, and (28.6%) were hemolysin producer, and (43%) were gelatinase producer, and (10.7%) were lipase producer, and (35.7%) were capsule producer, and (14.3%) were cytolysin producer, while none of the isolates under the study showed the ability of haemagglutination.Histopathology type : (4.6 x 106) cell / ml concentration of the bacterial suspension of E. faecalis was used orally on mice and histopathological changes were examined after (3, 5, 7, 14) days of infection, which revealed the ability of bacteria for colonization and causing pathological lesions and many histological changes in the liver, kidney, small intestine and hearts of these animals. The damage in the animal tissues of the second group (treated with Streptomycin and EFU10) was more than that in the third group (treated with Streptomycin and EFS14), and fourth group (treated with EFU10 only). Generaly, the most important histopathological changes were the necrosis in some areas, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in infected tissues. These pathological lesions cause damage and decompose of tissues with distortion of their morphologies.

دراسة وبائية تشخيصية لداء اللشمانيا مع تحديد انماط الطفيل المسبب بواسطة تقنية PCR وتمييز الانواع الناقلة من ذبابة الرمل sand fly في محافظة ديالى == Epidemio Diagnostic Study for Leishmaniasis With Determination of Parasite Strain’s By PCR Technique And Morphologically Differmates The Species of Sand Fly Vector in Diyala Governorate

اسم المؤلف: جابر عودة كاظم
اسم المشرف: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي | عبد الله حسين عبد الله الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية تسليط الضوءعلى انتشار داء اللشمانيا الجلدية والاحشائية المتسبب من قبل الطفيلي Leishmania spp في مناطق مختلفة في محافظة ديالى ودراسة الظروف البيئية المساهمة في انتشار المرض ومقارنة الفحوصات السريرية والمختبرية والمصلية المستخدمة في تش | The aims of present study to illuminate a light on visceral and cutaneous leishminiasis disease caused by leishminia Spp parasite as registered in Diyal Governorate, and study the environment condition which contributed in diffusion the disease and comparison the tests of clinical, Laboratory and serological tests which used in diagnosing with PCR technique test, the study included many steps. 1. The epidemiologically which is main to determine the rates of infection as registered in some district of Diyala province in according to the age, sex, and the month of the year so according to the environmental conditions : - 7200 samples of blood collected from many different ages persons from different districts in Diyala. (3009 males, 4011 females) are examined. The study shows a positive cases of 607 distributed among the districts including (Jalawlaa, Bani Saa'd, Baladruz, Baquba, Alodeim amd DeliAbbas) these register a highest percentage of infection in Jalawlaa sub - district about 12.8% and less percentage of infection are in Baquba about 1.3% whiel is register highest percentage of in infection were (>1 - 5) years about 13.2% and lower percentage infection (<5 - 10) years wuth rate 2.4% so the groups of ages (25 - 30) years didn't appear any infections. according to the gender the males are high from the females whom effected with this disease the number of males (432) case with rate 71, 1%. The number of infected females about 175 cases with rate 28.8%.while in the month of years were the male infection are a highest infection in January - 2012, but did not register any infection in (June and July). The environmental condition infective in prevalence the disease between the people whom resident the houses which breed the animals inside, the number of infections are 245 cases from 607 positive cases with rate 40.3%. This was the low rate 4.9% from the infected people because of rats in their hoses. which didn't kill them. 2. The comparison of diagnostic methods of clinical test, laboratory test and serological test, with the molecular methods from the direction of sensitivity and specificity, The studies results appeared the importance of clinical test subtle in case of a similar cases depend on the clinical symptoms there are a highest cases from clinical test that the children suffering from liver magle their number are 176 cases the rate 80.36%, but the lowest cases of clinical test are 59.19% whom suffered from a skin pallor and black. The laboratory tests appeared the blood picture through testing the 350cases whom suspicion in their infection with leishmaniasis, the number of whom suffering from the lower of WBC 73 with rate 34.2%, while the low cases are 6 with rate 2.82% from whom suffering from hipper ESR, but the serological test was IFAT, Dipsrtick, spotkala - azor, ELISA, KA tex LATEX. Diagnostic infection leishmaniasis a best in diagnostic disease is dipstick test it's sensitivity are 95%, but it's specificity 100% but the lowest is the test of LATEX, it's sensitivity 75% and specificity 80%.3. The Molecular methods : PCR technique test clear recently the new highest sensitivity in diagnosis when the number of the parasite are a little in the blood in the infections peoples whom choose in random way. when testing 100 samples of DNA from the infection with cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, the number of infected male are 73, But the number of infected females are 27 with leishmaniasis. and studying the relation between PCR diagnosis according to the sex, age, district and environment condition, so as the recognize between the species of the parasite from the sequence Nitrogen basics with number in each species, (the species are L.donovani, L.infantum, L.tropica, L.major) so recognize the vector insect sand fly Morphology by key classification (ph.alexandri, ph.papatasi Ph.sergentasi, and sqauanlpleuris).

دراسة بيئية لمجتمع الطحالب وبعض الملوثات البيئية في نهر الحسينية - كربلاء المقدسة / العراق == Ecological Study For Algal Community And Some Pollutants In Al - Husseinia River Holy Karbala - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: سارا حمود عبد الامير الاسدي
اسم المشرف: فكرت مجيد حسن | جاسم محمد سلمان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الاحياء المائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت دراســة بيئية شاملة على مياه نهر الحسينية في الفترة الممتدة مـن تشــرين الاول 2012 ولغاية ايلول 2013، تم فيها دراسة الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه النهر بالاضافة الى اجراء دراسة كمية ونوعية لمجتمع الطحالب الهائمة والملتصقة المتواجدة في المناطق | Acomprehensive ecological study was conducted on Al - Husseinia River during the period from October 2012 to Septemper 2013. This study includes measuring some chemical and physical properties of water and conduct quantitive and qualitative study of the Algal community which includes the phytoplankton and the periphyton algae , in addition to measuring some of pollutants types such as Heavy metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) the water of the river and its sediments and some kinds of aquatic plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrilla verticillta, Potamogeton pectinatus and Phragmites australis. The results of the present study showed temporal and spatial variations in the physical - chemical properties of water. The water temperature ranged between (12.7 - 31.3) °C which accompanied the variations of air temperature that ranged between (8.5 - 45.3) °C. The river was tending to the alkalinity and the PH was ranged between 7.5 - 8.8 were dominated by bicarbonate ions, the electrical conductivity and the Total Dissolved Solids and The Total suspended solids ranged between (840 - 1416.67) ?s/cm and (413.33 - 700) mg / l and (6.33 - 55.07) mg / l respectively. The river was oligosaline with a salinity ranged between (0.54 - 0.91) PSU. The water current velocity and light penetration recorded fluctuated during the period of the study, their values ranged between (11.68 - 37.77) cm / Sec and (33.67 - 148.67) cm, respectively. The Dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand increased during the cold months and decreased during the warm months where the values ranged between (4.97 - 12.63) mg / l and (0.4 - 4.48) mg / l respectively. The river was very hard, the total hardness ranged between (240 - 516.67) mg / l, and the Total alkalinity ranged between (106.33 - 162) mg / l. Calcium ions and Magnesium ions ranged between (40.08 - 162.32) mg / l and (13.67 - 64.73) mg / l. The values of sulfates ranged between (58.94 - 131.37) mg / l ; their values show an increase at the study sites which were under highly human activities, but they did not exceed the permissible levels of the drinking water quality. The nutrients such as silica and total nitrogen and total phosphorous showed variations during the study and their values ranged between (1.63 - 6.26) mg/l and (1.4 - 3.5) mg / l and (1.33 - 17.29) ?g/l, respectively. A total of 303 algal taxa of phytoplankton and periphyton was identified during the study belonged to six classes of Algae; they include Bacillariophyceae (196 taxa) , Chlorophyceae (59 taxa) , Cyanophyceae (33 taxa) , Euglenophyceae (6 taxa) , Dinophyceae (6 taxa) and Cryptophyceae (3 taxa). The Bacillariophyceae were a dominated class in the phytoplankton community, they constitute 62.4 % of the total number of species followed by Chlorophyceae by 20.66 % and Cyanophyceae by 11. 6 % respectively. The Dinophyceae and Euglenophyceae constitute 2.07 %, while the cryptophyceae constitute the lower percentage which amounted to 1.2 % of the total species. Some identified algae like as Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Fragilaria, Scenedesmus and Oscillatoria were dominated by their species numbers in the phytoplankton community , and the total numbers of the phytoplankton cells ranged between (446.8 × 10 3 - 9177 × 10 3) cell / l. In October recorded the highest number of the cells, while in March recorded the lower numbers of the algal cells during the study. A total of 203 taxa was characterized in the epipelic algal community dominated by Bacillariophyceae by 79. 3 %, followed by Cyanophyceae by 10.84 % and Chlorophyceae by 6.9 % respectively, while the Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae constitutes the lower percentage formed 1.48 % of the total species. The total number of epipelic algal cells ranged between (9924.5 to 10.02 × 104) cells / cm2. Winter season recorded the highest average of the total number of cells, while Spring season recorded the lowest numbers of cells. Also, some genera such as Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Fragilaria and Oscillaroria were dominated in the study period. During this study some taxa of epiphytic algae have also identified on four types of aquatic plants, which included C.demersum , H.verticillata, P.pectinatus and P.australis, the numbers of algal taxa on each there were 124, 116, 77 and 114 respectively. The results showed dominated of Bacillariophyceae followed by Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae and other classes respectively. Some algal genera are dominated by their species of the studied plants such as Cymbella, Navicula, Nitzschia, Fragilaria and Gomphonema. In Autumn the highest numbers of epiphytic cells were recorded, where the total numbers of cells in these plants are 74.24 × 104 cells/g, 38.46 × 104 cells/g, 19.22 × 104 cells/g and 38.88 × 104 cells/g respectively. While the lower number of cells recorded during Summer in each of C.demersum by 8.07 × 104 cells/g and H.verticillata by 8.034× 104 cells/g and P. pectinatus by 3.74 × 104 cells/g, whereas the P. Australis recorded the lowest number of cells during Spring which was 22.51 × 104 cells/g. C.demersum contained the highest numbers of algal cells compared to other plants. The distribution and concentrations of some Heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn are studied in each of the water (dissolved and particulate fractions), and sediments (exchangeable and residual fractions) and four aquatic plants. The average of these heavy metals concentrations in the dissolved phase of the water were (1.4, 1.15, 3.74, 5.46 and 7.66) ?g / l, respectively. While their concentrations in the particulate phase were (3.67, 110.23, 63.97, 732.98 and 167.2) ?g/g respectively. In the sediments the concentrations of these heavy metals in the exchangeable phase were (2.53, 38, 43.45, 169 and 42.16) ?g/g, respectively, whereas their concentrations in the residual phase were (2.54, 32.82, 50.33, 1452.75 and 53) ?g/g, respectively. The concentrations of the Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn in the aquatic plants are also measured during this study and the average of theirs in C.demersum were (11.09, 14.16, 48.58, 2202 and 65.42) ?g/g, respectively. While their concentrations in the H. verticillate were (10.17, 12.99, 43.58, 2921.98 and 60.45) ?g/g, respectively. In P. pectinatus were (11.58, 13.52, 50.06, 2315.47 and 77.88) ?g/g, respectively. Whereas their concentrations in P.australis were (9.29, 11.83, 39.84, 1845.21 and 52.76) ?g/g, respectively. The distribution of sixteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons is also determined in Al - Husseinia River during this study in each of water, sediments and aquatic plants. These organic compounds include Naphthalene، Acenaphthylene، Acenaphthene، Fluorene، Phenanthrene، Anthracene، Fluoranthene، Pyrene، Benzo(a)Anthracene، Chrysene، Benzo(b)Fluoranthene، Benzo(k)Fluoranthene، Benzo(a)Pyrene، Dibenzo(a, h)Anthracene, Benzo(ghi)perylene وIndo(1, 2, 3 - cd)Pyrene. Their concentrations in the water of river ranged between (0.24 - 58.72) ng/l recorded for each of Benzo(a)Pyrene and Benzo(ghi)perylene respectively, the total concentration of PAHs in the water was 152 ng/L, the results also showed that the source of water pollution of these compounds was pyrogenic and petrogenic origin. In the sediments the concentration of these compounds ranged between (0.36 - 119.06) ?g/g. For each of Naphthalene and Benzo(ghi)perylene, respectively. The total concentration of PAHs in the sediment was 257.71 ?g/gm., The results also showed that the source of sediment pollution with these compounds was also pyrogenic and petrogenic origin as the water. In aquatic plants, the concentration of these compounds in C.demersum and H.verticillata ranged between (0.12 - 152.3) ?g/g and (0.3 - 129.8) ?g/g for Fluoranthene and Benzo(ghi)perylene to each plants respectively , while their concentration in P.pectinatus ranged between (0.25 - 99.36) ?g/g for each Benzo(b)Fluoranthene and Benzo(ghi)perylene respectively, in P.australis PAHs concentration ranged between (0.37 - 134.85) ?g/g for Chrysene and Benzo(ghi)perylene, respectively. C.demersum recorded the highest total concentration of PAHs compared to other plants, and the results showed that the source of pollution in these plants was Pyrogenic origin. They also revealed that Benzo(ghi)perylene recorded the highest concentration during this study compared with other compounds.

دور الكاينيتين والسماد المركب (NPKZn) في تحمل نبات الفلفل Capsicum annuum L.)) للاجهاد الملحي == Role of The Kinetin And NPKZn In Salt Stress Tolerance of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.)

اسم المؤلف: سعاد عبد سيد الجلالي
اسم المشرف: عباس جاسم حسين الساعدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت تجربة اصص في الحديقة النباتية التابعة لقسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - ابن الهيثم، جامعة بغداد في الموسم الربيعي عام 2014 هدف الدراسة كان دراسة تاثير تركيزين من كلوريد الصوديوم هي 50) و100) مليمول.لتر - 1 فضلا عن معاملة السيطرة واربعة | The aim of the pots experiment which was conducted in the Botanical Garden of Biology Department in the Faculty of Education /Ibn - Al - Haytham / University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2014 was the influence of different concentrations of Sodium chloride (50, 100) mM.L - 1 in addition to the control treatment and and Four concentrations of kinetin (25, 50, 75, 100) ppm in addition to the control treatment.It is also aiming to study the effect of application and non application the level 160 Kg.H - 1of NPKZn fertilizer, and their interactions in some morphological characteristics root length, root size, plant height, the internode length, stem diameter, Leaf area, dry weight for root and shoot and the absolute growth rate for shoot.and some physiological characteristics Elements content and protein ratio in root, Elements content, protein ratio, total chlorophyll content, carbohydrates percentage and cytokinine concentration in shoot. Biochemical characteristics (enzyme activity of the enzymes) (SOD, POD and CAT) and some antioxidants that nonenzymatic : (the proline and vitamin C concentration) in shoot. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in shoot, and some Floral morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of fruits (Number of branches, The total number of flowers, Number of blooming flowers, ratio of aborted Flowers, Number of knotted flowers, the number and size of fruits, their wet weight , nitrogen and calcium concentration, protein percentage and vitamin C concentration in fruits of pepper plant California weleander variety.The experiment was designed according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD)with three facters kinetin, manure addition and Sodium chloride,) consisting 90 pots. Seedling of pepper plant was planted on 4/2/2014 acompanied by making all agricultural operations of irrigation and the removal of the jungles. results were obtained can be summarized as follows : 1 - The results showed that increasing the concentration of sodium chloride from zero to 100 mM.L - 1 Led to a decline in morphological, physiological and floral characteristics, with and significant increases in the content average of sodium, chloride, The proportion of flowers aborted and biochemical characteristics. The rate quality effectiveness for enzyme SOD increased from 7.24 to 34.66, POD from 8.10 to 26.35 and CAT from 4.91to 39.57 (unite mg protein - 1) , and proline acid content from 23.05 to 40.30 (mg.L - 1) and vitamin C concentration from 2.67 to 3.68 % and Malondialdihyde (MDA) from 1.84 to 3.86 (µM.gm F.W. - 1)2 - As concerns kinetine treatment effect, the results showed a significant increase in the average of morphological, physiological and floral characteristics, and significant decreases in the average of sodium, chloride contents and biochemical characteristics, in the cased increasing in the concentration of kinetine from 0 to 100 ppm caused decreases in the average of quality effectiveness for enzyme SOD from 25.79 to 21.91, POD from 21.83 to 17.20 and CAT from 27.88 to 21.73 (unit mg protein - 1) , and proline acid content from 34.27 to 31.68 (mg.L - 1), Malondialdihyde (MDA) from 3.15 to 2.85 (µM.gm F.W. - 1) and vitamin C concentration from 3.42 to 3.23 %.3 - application the level 160 Kg.H - 1of NPKZn Manure caused a significant increases in all averages morphological, physiological and floral characteristics, and significant decreases in the average of sodium and chloride contents and biochemical characteristics, fertilizing with the level 160 Kg.H - 1of NPKZn fertilizer caused decreases in the average of quality effectiveness for enzyme SOD from 22.03 to 19.88, POD from 17.70 to 14.53 and CAT from 23.34 to 17.34 (unite mg protein - 1) , and proline acid content from 32.84 to 28.93 (mg.L - 1), Malondialdihyde (MDA) from 2.97 to 2. 75 (µM.gm F.W. - 1) and vitamin C concentration from 3.29 to 3.03 %.4 - Results of the bilateral interpenetration between the Fertilization by fertilizer NPKZn and Sodium chloride concentrations, showed that the fertilizations has a positive and effective influence in reducing the negative effects of sodium chloride in all characteristics studied. 5 - The results showed the positive role of kinetine in decreasing the negative effects of sodium chloride Through bilateral overlap between factors. Especially when the concentration of 75 ppm of kinetine and concentration 100 of sodium chloride In all morphological, physiological and biochemical floral characteristics of plant.6 - The results indicated that the Interference between the fertilizer NPKZn and kinetine has a positive and clear role to both factors increase morphological, physiological, floral characteristics and reduce biochemical characteristics.7 - The effect of the triple overlap between study factors was significant, The results showed That plants sprayed kinetine And fertilization led to a significant reduction of most of the negative effects resulting from the of high concentrations of Sodium chloride in all morphological, physiological and flowering traits. Especially in the concentrations 75 ppm kinetine and in the existence of fertilization.

دراسة وبائية على طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية Trichomonas vaginalis وبعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض المنقولة جنسيا وتاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية على نمو الطفيلي في الزجاج في مدينة كركوك == Epidemiological Study on Trichomonas Vaginalis & Some Associated Bacteria That Causing Sexual Transmitted Diseases & Effect of Some Herbal Extraction on The Parasite in Vitro in Kirkuk City

اسم المؤلف: محسن عز الدين سليمان
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم شعبان داوود | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: بلغ العدد الكلي للعينات التي جمعت وفحصت للفترة من بداية شهر تموز 2007 الى نهاية شهر مايس 2008 (2345) عينة لكلا الجنسين مــن مستشفيات كركوك للتحري عن وبائية طفيلي المشــــــعرات المهبليـــــــــة Trichomonas vaginalis وبعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض المنقو | A total (2345) specimens were collected & examined from both sexes, from the beginning of July 2007 till the end of May 2008 attending Kirkuk hospitals for epidemiological study of Trichomonas vaginalis & some sexual transmitted microorganisms. The vaginal examinations were done by gynecologist, two high vaginal swabs were taken from (250) women & a cervical swab from some women with vaginal discharge. General urine examination & blood group with Rh factor were performed for each woman with vaginal discharge. Direct microscopic examination, staining & culture of swabs were performed on different methods for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis, followed to diagnose Candida albicans, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis & Treponema pallidum as well as some other bacterial groups. The rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was (2.8%) & Neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.8%), while no Chlamydia trachomatis & Treponema pallidum recorded in this study. The highest rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was among the age group between 15 - 29 years (3.6%), the rate of Trichomonas vaginalis infection was higher among illiterate (5.7%) than educated ones. The highest rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was recorded among those with blood group O & Rh (+ve) (3.8%). The same result was found regarding other microorganisms in both sexes. Statistically the results were not significant.The rate of infections in females was higher than males in all infection except Neisseria gonorrhoeae was recorded highest rate in males(35%). The percentage of mixed infections with Trichomonas vaginalis was Candida albicans (1.6%) & B - hemolytic streptococcus (0.4%). The maximum infections rate in vaginal swabs were Staphylococcus aureus (42.3%) & lowest rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2%). Regarding the distribution of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of females suffering from vaginal discharges, the highest rate of infection was Eschirechia coli (22.2%) & lowest rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2%) respectively. The rate of isolated microorganisms from urethral discharge of males were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (35%) & Escherichia coli (5%). Antibiotics Ciprofloxacin & Amikacin showed good inhibition activity against all pathogenic microorganisms. Regarding the effect of different concentration of metronidazole & medical herbs to the Trichomonas vaginalis invitro, metronidazole showed clear effective inhibition at concentration (1.25%) during 24 hours. The inhibitory effect of Zea mays (both alcoholic & watery extractions) was greater than Apium graveolens & Foeniculum vulgare. At concentration (2.5% & 5%) of Zea mays in both extractions was almost identical to metronidazole. Six solvents were used by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in order to separate alcoholic & watery extraction of medical herbs, only three of them A, B & F gave good results in separating herbal extraction with differing in its component. By measuring relative flow rate (Rƒ) of all compounds that separated and determind. The chemical compounds of each herbal extract were established & included alkaloids, flavonieds, amines, pigments, oils, carbohydrates, phenols, purines & tanines.

استخدام الزراعة النسيجية والفطر Glomusmossaes في الازالة الحيوية لعنصري الرصاص والكادميوم وتحمل الملوحة لنبات السيسبان Sesbaniarostrata L == Application of Plant Tissue Culture And Glomusmossaes In Bioremediation of Lead, Cadimum And Salinity Using Sesbaniarostrata L. Plant

اسم المؤلف: التفات فاضل شحاذة الطائي
اسم المشرف: علي هاشم الموسوي | كاظم محمد ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت تجارب عدة لغرض دراسة تحمل نبات السيسبان Sesbania rostrata L. للكادميوم والرصاص وكلوريد الصوديوم على مستوى النبات الكامل ومزارعة النسيجية. استحث الكالس واديم على وسط موراشيج وسكوج 1962 والمجهز 0.3 ملغم/لتر من الكاينتين و2 ملغم/لتر من حامض 2, 4 داي مث | Several experiments were carried out to study cadmium, lead and sodium chloride tolerance at the tissue culture or whole plant levels of Sesbania rostrata. Callus was induced and maintained on Murashige and Skooge (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 0.3 mg/l Kinetin and 2 mg/l 2, 4 - dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4 - D) using cotyledons as the source for callus induction. Different concentrations of cadmium, lead and sodium chloride directly or gradually were added to the culture medium as contaminants. Selected tolerant cell lines were subjected to regeneration. Callus showed better tolerance to gradual exposure than direct addition. The concentrations of Potassium, lead, Cadmium and Sodium recorded to 17, 24, 27, 35 ppm when 1.0, 2.0 mg/L and 0.4% of cadmium, lead and sodium chloride were added respectively. The study included the effect of the cytokinin (benzyl adenine, BA) and the auxin (Naphthalene acetic acid, NAA) on the regeneration of shoots from callus tolerant to pollutants reached 76, 87 and 85% for callus tolerant to Cadmium, Lead and sodium chloride respectively, when the combination of 0.7 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg /l NAA was supplemented to the medium. The effect of indole butyric acid (IBA) on rooting of shoots. The concentration 0.7 mg /l gave highest percentage of rooting amounted to 66, 70 and 85% in a medium supplemented with cadmium, lead and sodium chloride respectively. Acclimatization of plantlets using river sand soil recorded 85% survival. The study was also included effects on plant height and fresh weights, shoot fresh weight was superior at the concentration 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l of cd and pb recording 8.7 and 7.5 g respectively. Treatment with NaCl led to increase the root fresh weight recording 19.1 g. Maximum cd accumulation reached 12.5 ppm in shoots, 10.5 ppm for lead in roots, 39 ppm for NaCl in roots. The experimental work investigated the effect of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) on cd, pb and NaCl removal by Sesbania plant when grown in either soil contaminated with cd, pb and NaCl or non - contaminated soil (control). Inoculation with mycorrhiza led to an increase in seed germination percentage (96%), plant height (28 cm) in non - contaminated soil, while achieved an increase in shoot and root fresh weight recording 10.0 and 6.8 g respectively. Inoculation with mycorrhiza also led to a significant increase in cd and pb accumulation in roots reached 9.0 and 87.4 ppm respectively. Meanwhile, Mycorrhiza caused a significant increase in Na accumulation in root system (42.5 ppm) which already affected K concentration as a result of competition with Na recording 16.5 ppm in shoots. Mycorrhiza inoculation led to a significant increase in number of root nodes in non - contaminated soil recording 86%. Finally, mycorrhiza succeded in infecting Sesbania rostrata roots reached 90% in non - contaminated soil while it was 85% in contaminated soil

تقييم استخدام الانترليوكينات في تشخيص تسمم الدم الجرثومي لدى الاطفال حديثي الولادة في تكريت == Evaluation Uses The Interleukines for Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis in Tikrit

اسم المؤلف: هبة حازم صالح
اسم المشرف: موسى جاسم محمد الحميش | عاشور رفعت سرحت
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الهدف الرئيس لهذه الدراسة هواستخدام الانترلوكيناتInterleukin - 8, Interleukin - 10 (IL - 8, IL - 10) كعلامة تشخيصية للتسمم الدموي الجرثومي لدى حديثي الولادة. تضمنت الدراسة 45 عينة دم من الاطفال حديثي الولادة الراقدين في ردهة الاطفال في مستشفى تكريت الت | The main aim of this study was uses the Interleukines IL - 8 and IL - 10 as diagnosis marker for neonatal sepsis. This study involved 45 blood samples, were taken from neonates admitted to the pediatrics - neonatal wards at Tikrit Teaching Hospital who were clinically diagnosed as sepsis for the period from September 2011 until March 2012. The ages of neonates were 1 - 30day, and this blood samples were taken for the purpose of determining the levels Interleukines IL - 8 and IL - 10 and identify (WBC and C - reactive protein). Seventeen samples were taken from the blood of neonates without of septicemia as a control group samples. The results of the current study showed non significant differences in total white blood cells count for patients with sepsis when compared with a control group. and showed non significant differences in total white blood cells count for patients with sepsis as gestation birth, sex and birth weight compared to the control group. Regarding level of C - reactive protein there was no significant differences between the control group and the patients with sepsis as gestation birth and sex. and showed a significant differences in C - reactive protein level for patients compared to the control group as birth weight. The Interleukine levels showed that a significant increase in the level of interleukin - 8 (IL - 8) for all patients mals and femals, preterm or full - term and who there weight < 2.5 or >2.5kg compared with a control group. this results showed that the relationship between IL - 8 and WBCs was not significant differences at (p<0.05). and for the level of interleukin - 10 the present study showed a significant increase for patients with sepsis as gestation birth, sex and birth weight compared to the control group, the relationship between IL - 10 and WBCs was not significant differences at(p<0.05). The relationship between IL - 1o, IL - 8 and WBCs was not significant differences. when comparison The results as end result for sepsis show is the absence of significant differences (p<0.05) for patients who became good and who had complications compared with the control group. At last, the study concluded that the Interleukines IL - 8 and IL - 10 levels increase in early time for Inflammation ;So its agood diagnosis marker for neonatal sepsis.

تقيم بعض العناصر النادره ومستوى المالونداي الدهايد والبروتين في الرجال العقيمين == Assessment of Some Trace Elements, (MDA) And Protein Levels In Infertile Men

اسم المؤلف: زهراء فلاح عبد العالي عنوز
اسم المشرف: علاء الدين صبحي محسن السلامي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم اجراء هذا البحث لدراسه عينات السائل المنوي التي تم الحصول عليها من المرضى المصابين بوهن النطف وعددهم 35عينه كذلك سوي النطف عددهم 40 عينه وتم اخذ مجموعه من الاشخاص الاسوياء (مجموعه السيطره) حيث كان عددهم 20 عينه الذين راجعو مركز الخصوبه في مدينه الصدر ا | This study was performed on human semen specimens obtained from Asthenozoospermic patients (35 specimens) Normozoospermic males (40 specimens), and (20 specimens) Fertile Control group, who were attending to the laboratories of Fertility center in ALSader Hospital of AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf city during the period extended from 1 - 9 - 2013 to 30 - 1 - 2014. The aim of This present study was to estimate the levels of some Trace element (Lead, Copper, Cobalt, Chromium, , and Cademium) concentrations in Asthenozoospermia and Normozoospermia. by atomic absorption method, and comparsion with control (Fertile).Moreover, it tends to estimate the concentration of (MDA) Malondialdehyde , Total protein concentration and to know the viability sperm percent in semen specimens.Also, the relationships between mentioned components and some semen parameters. The results revealed significant increase (P <0.05) in the concentration of examined trace elements in Asthenozoospermia and Normozoospermia when comparsion with control, also a significant increase (P <0.05) in total protein concentration, also in MDA. While The results revealed significant decrease (P <0.05) in the viability sperm percent in semen specimens. Correlation study showed positive relationship between concentration of the trace elements and abnormal sperm morphology percent, also with total protein concentration, and MDA concentration. While negative relationship between concentration of trace elements and percent of sperm motility.It was concluded that the increase in the concentration of the trace elements and it influence on blance and parameter of seminal fluid, also the Correlation between trace element and Protein in semen. All of this lead to arise of cases of Asthenozoospermia and Normozoospermia infertile patients.

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع الجراثيم المسببة لالتهابات الزائدة الدودية في مدينة تكريت == Isolation And Identification of Some Baceterial Speices Which Caused Appendices Infections in Tikrit City

اسم المؤلف: عبد عبد الله محمد الجبوري
اسم المشرف: اميرة محمود محمد الراوي | علي صالح حسين الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة جمع 75 عينة من الزائدة الدودية (Appendices) مباشرة بعد استئصالها من المرضى الراقدين في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومن كلا الجنسين، الذين خضعوا لعملية استئصالها وللمدة من اب عام 2008 ولغاية نيسان 2009. عزلت الجراثيم من العينات باستخدام الاوساط الز

دراسة وراثية جزيئية لبكتريا المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis المعزولة من جذور الاسنان الملتهبة للانسان في بغداد == Molecular Genetics Study of Enterococcus Faecalis Isolated From Root Canal Infection of Human In Bagdad

اسم المؤلف: سوزان علي كاظم
اسم المشرف: عذراء حميد حسون
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم التحري عن نسبة وجود بكتريا المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis في (100) عينة معزولة من اشخاص مصابين بالتهاب قناة جذر السن, اذ تم جمع (70) عينة من الاصابات الابتدائية لقناة الجذر، و(30) عينة من الاصابات الثانوية لقناة الجذر (اعادة العلاج) وم | To detection Enterococcus faecalis in (100) root canal sample were collected from primary and secondary root canal infection patient`s from all the ages (10 - 50) during the period of (August 2013) till (January 2014). Detection depending on cultural & microscobial characteristics of bacterial cell was done to find (45) 0f E. faecalis species & Biochemical tests & Serological diagnosis by Lancefield method done to find (24) isolates of this species & Diagnosis by Vitek2 was done to find (20) isolates of E. faecalis. When the Molecular genetics Diagnosis was done the result showed find (32) isolates belong to E. faecalis. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by using (14) antibiotics, (5) isolates showed resistant against all antibiotics & the isolates showed multiresistant against for some antibiotics. All the isolates were resistant by (100 %) against (5) antibiotics. To detection of the isolates ability of production of protease enzyme, lipase enzyme, hemolysin enzyme & gelatinase enzyme.The results showed that (24 isolate) (75 %) were protease producer, & (8 isolates) (25 %) were lipase producer, & (16 isolate) (50 %) were hemolysin producer, & (5 isolates) (15.6 %) were gelatin producer. To detection the presence efa A gene of the isolates by used specific primer to this gene, and all isolates

تاثير اضافة عناصر الكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم والحديد الى الوسط الغذائي في حياتية خنفساء الطحين الصدئية Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Tenebrionidaci) Coleoptera :) == Effect of Calcium, Magnisium And Iron Elements With Various Nutreint Sources on Biology of Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) Tenebrionidaci) Coleoptera : )

اسم المؤلف: حوراء ياسين احمد عبد
اسم المشرف: برهان مصطفى محمد الدليمي | عواد شعبان داود الناصري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة اختبار تاثير اضافة ثلاثة عناصرمعدنية الكالسيوم (Ca) المغنيسيوم (Mg) الحديد (Fe) في سطين غذائيين (الطحين والجريش) لصنفين من الحنطة (ابو غريب والعز) في حياتية خنفساء الطحين الصدئية الحمراء Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). اذ استخدمت العناصر بترا | This study includes testing the effect of addition of three elements (Ca, Mg, Fe) in flour and crushed partially debranned wheat for two kinds of wheat : Abu - ghareeb and Al - is in the life of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).using the elements under different concentrations (0.01 - 0.03 - 0.05) g.to know their effects in Tribolium inculuding : (the number of eggs, period of incubation eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation) after adding to nutreint base for the two kinds of wheat.This experiement must be in dark incubation at 35±2°C & relative humidity 75±5% during one generation the result show most important role of nutreint element in life of insect (the number eggs, period incubation eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation). on side of period incubation eggs period generation there is not any mentioned effect and the most meaningful one is in kind of Al - Is comperad with Abu - ghareeb. It is noticed the maxi effect for Calisum element.It achieved the highest level in : (the number eggs, period incubation eggs, number of Larvae, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation) to ratio of flour kind of Al - Is and achieved maxi number : (the number eggs, period incubation eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation)in concentration (0.05)g.while the highest in ratio of generation agents in (Fluorine)element ratio(76.2) under concentration (0.03)g, it achieved the less ratio in the dead insect kind of Abu - ghareeb7s the highest in average number eggs, number of larvers for calisum element.while the highest value in average number of pupal, number of external insect, new generation to (Magnasium) element it is achieved the highest in number of eggs, number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect, in concentration (0.05)g and the higher of average ratio new generation is (66) and the higher ratio new generation (79.3) is concentarte (0.03)g.It is noticed the relationship between nutreint element and life of insect is parallel, that is, concentrates increased, number of growing also increased except (Fluorine) element the relation is inversion. on side of crushed partially debranned wheat the effect is more meaningful in kind of Abu - ghareeb than in Al - Iz.Calicum element shows acceptable results, it appeared the higher in : (the number eggs, , number of Larvers, number of pupal, number of external insect) in Abu - ghareeb and new generation in Al - Iz. In the test of the effect of nutreint element agents in life of this insect according to the nutril base for both kinds.the result show that nutrient base of flour is more effective than the nutrient base crushed bartially debranned whaet in all steps of insect life for both kindc in flour maxi In flour maxi number in new generation about (62.5)g and the main ratio of new generation in crushed partially debranned wheat (36.3) for Abu - ghareeb kind (6.7)in flour. (61.1) crushed partially debranned wheat For Al - Is which shown the same features of the results of the effect in nutrient base without adding any elements to its life of insect

تاثير استخدام عقار الكلوميفين ستريت والقهوة العربية وفيتامين E على بعض المعايير الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في الارانب البيض المعرضة للاجهاد التاكسدي ببيروكسيد الهيدروجين == Effect of Clomiphene Citrate, Coffea Arabica And Vitamin E Use on Some Biochemical, Physiological And Histological Parameters in Albino Rabbits Exposed To Oxidative Stress Induced By Hydrogen Peroxidase

اسم المؤلف: اسماء خالد مطني محمد
اسم المشرف: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الحيوان - الفسلجة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم في هذه الدراسة اختبار فعالية عقار الكلوميفين ستريت Clomiphene citrate والتحري عن تاثيراته في نسيج الرحم والخصى وكذلك الهرمونات الجنسية والتكاثرية Follicular Stimulating Hormone(FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) , Prolactin, Estrogen, Testosterone, Progest | This study includes the effect of clomiphene citrate drug in uterus and testes tissue and sex, reproduction hormone (Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Prolactin (PRL), estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) and in Some Biochemical and Physiological Parameters as : WBCs counts, glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), High density lipoproteins - cholesterol (HDL - C), Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), Very low density lipoproteins - cholesterol (VLDL - C), Total protein, albumin, globulin, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in males and females Albino rabbits sera which have oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) for (20) days, compare with the control rabbits.The study involud : - comparison the effects of vitamin E effects and (100mg\kg) body weight of arabica coffea.The animals distributed and randomly divided to(8) groups (each group included 8 rabbits : 4 males+ 4 females) as follow : control group, Hydrogen peroxide (0.05) group, (2mg\kg of B.W) clomiphene citrate (c.c.) group, (2mg\kg of B.W) clomiphene citrate group, (500mg\kg of B.W) vitamin E+(10mg\kg of B.W) clomiphene citrate, (100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea group, Hydrogen peroxide (0.05) +(100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea group and (10mg\kg of B.W)(c.c.) +(100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea group. The results revealed : - 1 - The treatment of males and females of Animal by clomiphene citrate (2 and 4 mg\kg of B.W) cased significant increase at leve (P? 0.05) in concentration of the FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone hormone, and Glucose, Triglycerides, Globulin, LDL - C, VLDL - C and Glutathione in both male and female compare with the control group, while the same treatment caused increase the concentrations of Testosterone and Prolactin for males, whereas in females the treatment showed increase in Testosterone and Prolactin concentrations Compare with the control. Also the treatment caused decrease Albumin concentration in male and no significant (P? 0.05) changes had been showed in the female s. Respect to total protein, WBCs count there were no significant variation (P?0.05) had been recorded for both sexes compare with the control group. So the result showed Significant increase (P? 0.05) in HDL - C in male only compare with the control group. 2 - The induced oxidative stress caused significant increase at level (P?0.05) WBCs count, Glucose, Total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL - C, LDL - C, MDA concentrations for both sexes compare with the control group.While there were no significant variation had been recorded in Albumin and Prolactin concentrations in Females and total protein concentrations for both sexes compare with the control group in another hand there were significant increase (P<0.05) in concentrations of HDL - C, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Glutathione, Progesterone, Testosterone, Estrogen, FSH, and LH of male compare with the control group.3 - The treatment of Rabbits (male and female) with (100mg\kg of B.W) Arabica coffea revealed significant decrease (p ?0.05) in concentration of FSH, LH, estrogen, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL - C for both sexes, and PRL, testosterone , glutathione and albumen in concentrations for male compared with the control group while there treatment. 4 - Treatment males and females albino rabbits by high dose vitamin E caused significant decrease in concentration of FSH, estrogen, total cholesterol, Triglycerides and Globulin for both sexes, compared with the control group, Whereas caused also a significant decrease in concentrations LH, PRL, testosterone in male, and caused a significant decrease in concentration HDL - C in female. Whereas caused also significant increase in concentration of the glucose, MDA, glutathione and the total number of white blood cells for about sexes, and caused also significant increase in concentration of the hormones PLR, testosterone in female only. Whereas caused also a significant decrease in concentrations of HDL - C, LDL - C and VLDL - C in male, whereas no significant variation in concentration of total protein, albumin for both sexes, and in concentration of LDL - C and VLDL - C in female compared with the control group.5 - Treatment males and females albino rabbits by high dose vitamin E, clomiphene citrate, Arabica coffea and H2O2 (0.5%) showed important histological changes in testes and uterus compared with the control group. Treatment males by clomiphene citrate caused significant increase (P<0.05) in sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatids and Spermatogonia in male, whereas in uterus tissue treatment caused significant increase in granular cells, hypertrophy smooth muscular and increase cytoplasm size compared with the control group.6 - Treatment by high dose vitamin E and Arabica coffea caused damage in somniferous tubules decrease in sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatids and spermatogonia in male, whereas in uterus tissue treatment caused effected uterus gland and loss of normal form and the incident of degeneration, necrosis in the surrounding cells and decrease in vassals blood compared with the control group.The present study showing that to drug clomiphene citrate play an important role to activation the oogenesis and spermatogenesis through stimulating gonadotrophic Hormones(FSH, LH). Also the study showed the role of coffea arabica to induce the infertility through it's impact on the thyroid gland which responsible for the oogenesis and spermatogenesis.the result also showed that the high dose vitamin E working on the accumulation of free radical causing oxidative stress damaging body.

دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية خارجية لبعض انواع عائلة الفراشات فرشاتية الاقدام من رتبة حرشفية الاجنحة (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) في وسط وشمال العراق == Morphological Taxonomic Study of Some Species of Brush Footed Butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) In Mid And North of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ايناس صادق عبد الكريم
اسم المشرف: عماد احمد محمود | حسن سعيد الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الحشرات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study comprises taxonomic morphological study of seven species belonging to four genera of the subfamiliesNymphalinae, Danainae, Satyrinae belong to the family Nymphalidae of the order Lepidoptera.The following species were studied in the subject are : Famliy : Nymphalidae Swainson, 1827 - Subfamily : Nymphalinae Swainson, 1827Genus : Vanessa Fabricius, 1807Vanessa japonica Linnaeus, 1758Vanessa cardui Linnaeus, 1758Vanessa atalanta Linnaeus, 1758Genus : Junonia Hubner, 1819Junonia orythia Linnaeus, 1758 - Subfamily : Danainae Swainson, 1827Genus : Danaius Kluk, 1802Danaius chrysippusLinnaeus, 1758 - Subfamily : Satyrinae Boisduval, 1833Genus : Coenonmphyma Hubner, 1819Coenonmphyma pamphilus Linnaeus, 1758 Coenonmphyma spThe species Vanessa japonicaLinnaeus added as new record to the Iraq insect fauna of Lepidopteraand the species Coenonmphyma sp added as new expected species to the world.

دراسة الاصابات الفطرية الجلدية لدى الاطفال في موضع الحفاظة == Mycological Infections In Children In The Position of The Diaper

اسم المؤلف: عباس عبد الحسين محي
اسم المشرف: ماجد كاظم عبود الشبلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:

التحري عن فيروس التهاب الكبد نمط B باستخدام تقنيات ELISA وReal Time PCR في دم ولعاب المرضى في محافظة الانبار == Detection of Hepatitis B Virus By Using Elisa And Real Time PCR Techniques in Patients' Blood And Saliva in Al - Anbar Governorate

اسم المؤلف: ثائر عبد الله حسن الدليمي
اسم المشرف: امين سليمان بدوي الجنابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة في كلية التربية وفي مختبرات مستشفى الرمادي التعليمي العام ومستشفى الرمادي للنسائية والاطفال ومختبرات النظائر المشعة في بغداد للفترة من 1/11/2011 ولغاية 1/5/2012 والتي تضمنت التحري عن فيروس التهاب الكبد نمط B في | The present study has been carried out at the laboratories of the department of biology at the college of Education and the laboratories of the public - teaching Al - Ramadi hospital and Al - Ramadi hospital for women and children and laboratories of Al - Nathaer Al - Mushe'ah in Baghdad for the period from 1/11/2011 to 1/5/2012. The study consisted of the investigation about Hepatitis B virus in the saliva as compared with serum by using the ELISA and Real Time PCR techniques as well as the detection about antigens and antibody to this virus in serum. It also seeks about the liver functions enzymes and evaluating the extent of its importance for diagnosing liver disease resulted that virus. However, the obtained results showed that HBsAg antigen was found in 99.4% and (1.101± 0.335) mean ±SD in serum as compared with 48.6% in saliva with a (0.330±0.278) mean ±SD, that gave a noticeable increase when comparing it with the control group which was (0.0039± 0.0024) and (0.0017±0.0014 ) for serum and saliva respectively. The value of T test for serum and control group was (16.25) , while the value of T test for saliva and control group was (4.18). The proportion of correlation between saliva and serum in ELISA test was equal to (0.361) with high significance of test while the value of T test for them was (28.902) with high significance of test. The results have also stated that the age groups involved in the experiment contributed as being high proportion of infection in the serum, but in the saliva, these proportions were different and it has been found that the high proportion of infection was 53.3% in the group (10 - 20) yrs., While the lowest proportion was 38.4% in the (31 - 40) yrs. Moreover, it has been concluded that the number of males exceeded the number of females, but the number of females was the most infected with HBsAg in the experiment group. However, the total number of males was 91, It was found that 90 males have positive test to the HBsAg in serum with a proportion equals 98.9% whiles 42 males have a positive test to the HBsAg in saliva with a proportion equals 46.1%. on contrary, the number of female was 84 female and all of them had a positive test to the HBsAg in serum with a proportion 100% and 43 females have a positive test to the HBsAg in the saliva with 51.1 % as compared with control group which included 15 males and 10 female. All of them were negative to the HBsAg test in serum and saliva... The levels of HBV DNA were determined in the samples of positive saliva to ELISA test by using Real Time PCR. 95% from tested serum samples were positive to the viral load While in saliva 50% from the samples was HBV DNA positive. The results also showed that soluble antigen HBeAg has been detected in 24 patients with 13.7% from a total 175 patient as compared with the control group that showed a negative result to this antigen. As for the antibodies, it has been found that anti - HBc IgM was found in only 5 patients with 2.5% while anti - HBc IgG was found in 170 patients with 97.2% from the total number of patients. The control group revealed negative result for these two antibodies. The anti - HBeAg was in 150 patients with 85.7% from the total number of patients. There were no positive patients to this antibody in control group. The anti - HBs wasn’t found in any patient but it was found in the half of control group. This emphasizes to immunize against HBV in those members. The results also exposed that there was a noticeable increase in liver enzymes that it was found that ALT the elevated levels of were found in 76% of patients. As compared with the control group which has normal values 100%. As for AST enzyme was elevated in 60.6%, As compared with the control group which was normal 100%.It has been observed that ALP enzyme was elevated with a 38.4% in the experiment patients as compared with the control group which was normal 100%. Finally, the total values of TSB was elevated in 35.5%, As compared with control group which was normal 100% with (0.52±0.19). Nevertheless, it has been noticed that it cannot be judged about the person's blood on the basis that it is healthy in case of absence of surface antigen unless it is certain that his/her blood is free from HBV DNA by using the technique of Real Time PCR - since many patients who heal from past infection or their infection in a time of passive and amounts of HBV DNA can't be diagnosed by using the ELISA technique

تشخيص بعض النواتج الحيوية لانواع من السيانوبكتريا المعزولة من مياه وترب مدينة تكريت ودراسة فعاليتها على بعض انواع البكتريا المرضية والحيوانات المختبرية == Identification of Some Bioproducts From Some Species of Cyanobacteria Isolated From Water And Soil From Tikrit City And Study Their Biological Effects on Some Pathogenic Bacteria And Laboratory Animals

اسم المؤلف: ايمن عوني سليم جاسم
اسم المشرف: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي | احسان محمود عبد الله
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية عزل وتشخيص (19) نوع من السيانوبكتريا من عينات مياه وتربة طينية ومن الصخور من (5) خمسة مواقع في مدينة تكريت ضمن محافظة صلاح الدين، وقد تم اختيار ثلاثة انواع من هذه السيانوبكتريا وهي : Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc linckia, Anabaena laxa اعتم | The current study included Isolation and Identification of (19) species of cyanobacteria from water, clay soil and rocks samples, collected from (5) sites in Tikrit, salah Al - den province. Three species were chosen each species represent the environment which collected from it. These species were Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc linckia, Anabaena laxa. The effects of some environment factors on growth and biological products quantity has been studied in the three species above. The effects of the temperature showed that 26°C was the best for growth and biological products quantity than 16°C and 36°C. While the pH effects showed that pH 7.6 was the best for growth and biological products quantity than pH 6.6, 8.6. Three light intensities were used 1250, 2500, 5000 lux were used. The results showed that the light intensity of 2500 lux was the best for daily growth and quantity of extracted biological products. While the study of the effects of addition of macronutrient and micronutrient to Asm - 1 media which used for culturing of the three species of cyanobacteria by replacement of NaCl by NaNO3 in the medium, showed that there is an increase in daily growth and quantity of extracts of biological extracts, also the addition of FeSO4.7H2O and NaNO3 together showed further increase of daily growth and biological extracts quantity. The biological products has been identificated by HPLC - MS, IR and NMR. The results showed the presence of the neurotoxin Anatoxin - a and the hepatic toxin Microcystin in its various forms MCYST - LAba, MCYST - YM(O), [D - Asp3, Dha7]MCYST - LR and MCYST - YA in the biological products of Anabaena oryzae. The results also showed the presence of the hepatic toxin MCYST - YM(O) and [D - Asp3, Dha7]MCYST - LR in the extracts of the two spices of cyanobacteria Nostoc linckia and Anabaena laxa.The results also showed that the Muller Hinton Agar media is better than the Blood Agar media in testing the activity of these extracts in inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria, the method of holes is better than saturated discs, and the solvent DMSO (Di - Methyl Sulpho Oxide) is the better in testing of biological activities, while the filtrate of cyanobacteria did not shown any activity for inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria which include : Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus Vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed the high capability of inhibition in concentrations of 1000, 2000, 3000 µg/ml of the extracts of the cyanobacteria Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc linckia and Anabaena laxa on the above pathogenic bacteria and some times more efficient than antibiotics used for comparison, and the concentration 3000 µg/ml was the most effective.The effects of biological extracts of the three species in concentrations of (1000, 2000, 3000) µg/kg of body weight on tested albino mice, using injection and feeding methods, was studied. The results showed poisoning nervous symptom for the first few hours, while the results showed hepatic poisoning symptom on the dissecting animals. The anatomic symptoms included changes the colour of the liver to darkening and appearance of necrosis, in addition to becoming lobbed and swollen some times with bleeding.While the poisoning effects on dissecting tissues of livers of the animals showed a simple swollen and some times assured in all of the liver accompanying with increase in growth and cell division, as well as increases in lymphatic cells inside the tissue and in general in liver tissue. The lymphocyte seemed bigger than for normal cell with multi - nuclei in white blood and increase in cell size and destruction of liver tissue. Nostoc linckia was the greater urging for cell division consequently probably more induce of cancer in the liver of the animals, while the biological product of Anabaena laxa showed more poisonous for liver cell than the biological products of Anabaena oryzae, the least effective in cytotoxic and urging cancer cell in liver of the animals.

العلاقة بين انتاج الانزيم المحلل للكولاجين وتكوين الغشاء الحياتي بوساطة بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosae == The Relationship Between Collagenase Production And Biofilm Formation By Pseudomonas Aeuroginosa

اسم المؤلف: امال عزيز كريم السعدي
اسم المشرف: شذى سلمان الطحان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A total of 359 samples divided as 228 clinical and 131 non clinical specimens were collected during 2012 from four hospitals in Baghdad city including : Al - Kadhymia Teaching hospital, Baghdad Teaching hospital, The Burn Specialist Hospital and Al - Imam Ali hospital, for isolation of P.aeruginosa to study the correlation between collagenase production and biofilm formation. Eighty two Pseudomonas isolates were screened for biofilm formation, 28 isolates were classified as strong biofilm formers, 25 as moderate and 27 as weak biofilm former. The 28 isolates were identifid by VITEk - 2 Compact system which confirmed that the isolates were P.aeruginosa. Collagenase production assay was used to screen 28 isolates that were strong biofilm formers inorder to detect the ability of these isolates to produce collagenase, the substrate of collagenase (collagen) was purified localy from bovin tendon and the results showed that just 8 isolates could grow in mineral salt media with collagen after 4 days of incubation. The factors affecting biofilm formation and collagenase production were studied to determine the optimual conditions for their production, those factors included : 1 - Nitrogen sources represented higher influence on collagenase production specialy (yeast extract) in media containing collagen than other media without collagen as a substrate. The specific activity differed between the 8 isolates, biofilm formation also became more pronounced with (yeast extract), while NH4Cl and NaNO3 depressed biofilm formation at the same conditions. The statistical analysis between the two parameters (biofilm and collagenase) according to different nitrogen sources demonstrated highly significance at p?0.01 with yeast extract and casein. 2 - pH, results showed that the best pH for production was 7 for both collagenase and biofilm.The statistical analysis for determination the relationshipe between the two parameters showed highly significance at p ?0.01 for different pH. 3 - The maximum production of the two parameters was at 35?C temperature which gave highly significance at p?0.01 with defferent temperature. 4 - Long incubation periods revealed increasing in collagenase production and biofilm formation which represented highly significance detween them when incubation periods were prolonged at p?0.01. Results of this study showed that collagenase production increases when bacteria switch from a planktonic to biofilm phenotype. This indicates that biofilms and collagenase are more virulent and have a greater ability to cause tissue destruction. The REP - PCR analysis using BOX - primer, showed a clusters genetic relatedness among the isolates. The isolates were grouped according to the REP - PCR in 9 different genotypes, named cluster 1 to 3 which included C1, C2, C3 with relatedness : 8 (80%), 8 (86%), 3 (80%) respectively. A19 and A20 both of them were not included in any cluster, they have 78% similarity.The REP - PCR analysis showed that the genotypic relatedness is consistently high between the 8 producer isolates and non producer isolates (13), showed similarity reached 86

عزل وتشخيص الجين lipA المنتج من بكتريا الزائفة الزنجارية من مياه الصرف الصناعي == Isolation And Identification of lipA Gene Producing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa From Industrial Wastewater

اسم المؤلف: انتصار طه لفتة
اسم المشرف: واثق عباس الدراغي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: توضح هذه الدراسة عزل lipA gene من الزوائف الزنجارية من مياه الصرف الصناعية للزيوت النباتية وتشخيصها اعتمادا على تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل (PCR). استغرقت هذه الدراسة تسعة اشهر, من شهر شرين الاول 2014 لغاية حزيران 2015. تم جمع خمسين عينة من مياه الصرف الصناع | This study clarify the isolation and identification of lipA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from industerial wastewater of vegetable oils factories depending on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The present study had taken nine monthes starting from October 2014, till the mid of June 2015. Fifty samples of industrial wastewater were collected from the factories of the general company of vegetable oils, fourty from AL Rasheed factory and ten from AL ameen factory, the samples collected from the physical, chemical and biological treatment units, and other different wastewater tanks departments. While the four sewage samples were collected from sewer service Baghdad /Alrustumaiya. For Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two types of tests were used in this study. The first type was the routine tests, which include selective cultures, bacteriological and biochemical tests. Thirty four of fifty samples (68%) gave a positive growth and results for tests that were used to confirm the presence of P. aeruginosa. In addition to diagnosis P. aeruginosa in sewage sample which prepare the biological treatment units in vegetable oils factories as active sludge, other bacterial types have been diagnosed by using traditional methods and API 20 E system. For detection of bacterial lipolytic activity, two methods were used for this purpose, the first was the screening of bacterial lipolytic activity which was based on values of clear zones diameter around bacterial colony. The best values were between (1.9 _ 2.7) cm. The second test was carried by the Gas - Chromatography - Flame ionization detector, fatty acids solutions that were produced from hydrolysis by lipase enzyme were extracted by Petrolium ether solvent then analyzed by gas chromatograph apparatus. The second type of test was the Molecular diagnosis by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect lipA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by two primers. Through two primers used, lipA 948 was the best and more specialized primer to isolation lipA gene of P. aeruginosa. It gave (100%) a positive result. While the second primer lipA 558, gave (66.66%) a positive result and that may be due to the design of this oligonucleotides was not specific for lipA of P.aeruginosa. This is so as was based on highly preserved region of 12 bacterial lipA - homologous genes for many genus and many species belong to Pseudomonas. DNA sequencing done for amplicon generated using lipA 948, this sequence aligned by using BLASTn software against NCBI database to validate the results and investigate the similarity degree with other corresponding strains.

تاثير الرش بمستخلص الاعشاب البحرية وخليط من الاحماض الامينية في الصفات الفسلجية والتشريحية لصنفين من نبات الفلفل الحلو Capsicum annuum L == Effect of Spraying With Seaweed Extract And Amixture of Amino Acids In Physiological And Anatomical Characters of Two Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivars

اسم المؤلف: انتظار عباس مرهون الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: مجيد كاظم عباس الحمزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Three experiments were conducted on two cultivars of sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L.; Flavio F1 and California wonder, to study the effect of seaweed extract and amino acids mixture and their combination on some vegetative and reproductive parameters, and some physical and qualitative characters of fruits. In addition, the chemical composition of leaves and some anatomical characters of stems were also evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of some treatments on genetic variations in both cultivars were studied. The field experiments were carried out at the fields the College of Agriculture/Al - Qadisiya University. The experiment was started at 18 - 1 - 2013 and ended at 3 - 7 - 2013. Seaweed extract, Basfoliar Kelp SL, was used at two concentrations; 3 or 6 ml. L - 1 in addition to control treatment (distilled water only). Also, a mixture of amino acids was used at two concentrations; 400 or 800 mg. L - 1 in addition to control treatment. Spray with the two substances was done in the early morning. The treatments were designed as a factorial experiment with two factors (3X3) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The vegetative characters measured included; plant height, number of branches, percent of dry weight of shoot and root, and leaf chlorophyll content. Also, nitrogen percent, phosphorus and potassium content in leaves and roots was determined. The flowering and yield characters included; total number of flowers per plant, fruit set percentage, and total fruit yield per plant. In addition, weight, size, diameter and fruit length were measured. Vitamin C, total phenols, TSS, total sugars, alkaloids percent and the capsicin were measured in fruit juice. The anatomical characters of plant stem were included; epidermis, cortex and vascular bundles thickness, diameter of vascular units and pith thickness. The laboratory experiment was carried out during the period from 2 - 9 - 2013 till 16 - 10 - 2013. Spray with the two substances and their combination, at the same concentrations as used in the field experiment, was done on plants at the true leaves stage. The experiment was design as a factorial experiment with two factors in completely randomized design with four replications. The chemical characters measured in leaves included; content of auxin and gibberellin like substances, activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes, amino acid content in addition to protein and sugar percent. Also, the genetic variation and genetic distance degree due to some treatments compared to control treatment using the RAPD with five primers was studied. The results were as the following : 1. Using seaweed extract and amino acids mixture, especially at the higher concentration, caused a significant increase in all vegetative characters measured for the two cultivars. 2. There were a pronounced increase in nitrogen percentage in plant shoot and root as the concentration of the treatments increased in both cultivars. 3. Increasing the concentration of the two factors caused an increase in phosphorus content in plant shoot of both cultivars. In roots, the use of the higher concentration of seaweed extract increased phosphorus content in Flavio F1 cultivar only. on the other hand, there was no significant effect on the mineral content in California wonder cultivar. Also, there was no significant effect on the phosphorus content in both cultivars due to the use of the two concentrations of amino acids and the combination of the two factors. 4. The use of seaweed extract caused a significant increase in potassium content in the shoots of the two cultivars. Also, the two concentrations of the amino acids caused an increase in the mineral content in shoots of the Flavio F1 cultivar only, while there was no effect in the California wonder cultivar. In roots, there was a significant effect due to the use of seaweed extract on potassium content, while there was no effect due to the use of the amino acids in Flavio F1 cultivar. In California wonder cultivar, no significant increase in potassium content was recarded in roots due to the use of all concentrations. 5. Seaweed extract and amino acids extract concentrations caused significant increase in total flowers number, fruit set, number of fruits per plant, plant yield and the physical characters of fruits, where the higher concentration of the two substances used gave highest values of fruit diameter, weight and size in both cultivars. Fruit length was not affected in Flavio F1 cultivar only. 6. The use of the two substances caused pronounced increase in TSS, sugars, vitamin C and phenols in the fruit of the two cultivars. Also, The use of seaweed extract had no effect on total alkaloids in Flavio F1 cultivar. While the amino acids mixture at the two concentrations increased alkaloids percent in fruit of the two cultivars. Also, there was a clear increase in the active ingredient (capsicin alkaloid) as the concentrations of the two substances used increase. 7. Both substances increased the auxin like substances in leaves of the two cultivars. The gibberelline like substances did not affect due to the use of seaweed extract of either cultivars. Amino acids had no significant effect. 8. The use of seaweed extract and amino acids mixture and their combination caused a significant increase in catalase and peroxidase activity in leaves, except the activity of peroxidase in leaves of California wonder cultivar which not affected by the seaweed extract. 9.Total free amino acids content and protein percent increased as the concentration of the two factors increased. Also, seaweed extract had significant effect on the percent of the total sugar. Amino acids treatments had no effect on sugar percent. 10.Using seaweed extract or amino acids caused an increase in epidermis and cortex thickness and size of vascular bundles of stem of both cultivars. 11.The use of seaweed extract, especially at the higher concentration, had significant effect in increasing the diameter of vascular units, while there was no effect due to the use of the amino acids. 12.There was a negative effect of the seaweed extract on pith thickness due to the use of the seaweed extract. on the other hands, the amino acids treatments caused an increase in stem pith. 13.The combination between seaweed extract and amino acids treatment had significant effect on most of the morphological, physiological and anatomical characters studied for both cultivars. 14.Increasing concentrations of seaweed extract and amino acids mixture or their combination caused an increase in DNA and RNA content in leaves of the two cultivars. The increase was greater at the higher concentration of both substances used. 15. Treatment with some concentrations of seaweed extract and amino acids and their combination produced plants with genetic variation as compared to the control plant using RAPD technology with five primers. The variation ranged from 13.04% using OPB - 9 primer to 33.33% using OPB - 4 and OPB - 11 primers in Flavio F1 cultivar. In California wonder cultivar, the variation ranged from 4.35% using OPB - 14 primer to 73.33% using OPB - 5 primer.

الاكثار الخضري لنبات Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. خارج الجسم الحي == In Vitro Vegetative Propagation of Spilanthes Acmella (L.) Murr

اسم المؤلف: انسام زهير جاسم الحسني
اسم المشرف: بشرى محمد جابر علوش
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: وظفت تقانة زراعة الانسجة لاكثار نبات Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. كونه نباتا غير مستزرع في العراق ولاهميته الطبية والزراعية بوصفه نبات زينة فضلا عن استعمالاته الاخرى. عقمت البذور بمادة هايبوكلورات الصوديوم(NaOCl) وزرعت على وسط Murashige وSkoog (1962) (MS | The technique of plant tissue culture has been manipulated to In vitro micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. It is an ornamental and medicinal plant not cultivated in Iraq. Seeds were sterilized by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and cultuared on full strength Murashige and Skoog medium(1962) (MS). Nodal segments, apical shoots, and leaflets explants were taken from seedlings and cultured on (MS) medium enriched with different concentrations of Indol acetic acid (IAA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) Benzyl adenine (BA), and 6 - furfurylaminopurine (Kin.). The study include the effect of node orientation vertically and horizontally on induction of shoots formation. The effect of the interaction between IAA and BA, IAA and Kin. on shoot multiplication was investigated. Rooting was also studied after inclusion of IBA and IAA to full and half - strength (MS) medium. At acclimatization stage, different ratios of river sand and peat moss as agricultural media were tested and plantlets survival was recorded. DNA isolation was carried out from fresh and dry plantlet leaves as well as from seeds and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (AGE) was done. Results showed that 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min was very effective for disinfecting and survival. The nodes cultured vertically exhibited relatively highest response as compared with apical shoots and leaflets culture. Supplying the culture medium with 1 mg/L. BA was effective for lateral shoot induction. The mean number of shoots obtained from nodes were 7.43 with a mean length 0.9 cm. Adding IAA at 0.1 and Kin. at 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/L. to the growth medium was effective for multiplication. Mean number of the developed shoots were 12.00, 14.20, 13.60 shoots/ explants with a mean length of 3.40, 2.60, 1.40 cm, respectively. Adding 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L IBA to the half strength MS medium was very effective in root formation which produced 45.0, 42.5, 40.0 roots, respectively, with mean length of 3.25, 3.80, 3.80 cm, respectively. Plantlets were acclimatized successfully achieving 100% survival after four weeks when transferred to agricultural medium consisted of river sand and peat moss at 1 : 1 v/v ratio. This study showed the ability of in vitro micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. DNA isolation from drying leaves was butter than fresh leaves with the precense of liquid nitrogen.

تاثير التدخين على بعض القيم الكيميائية الحيوية في مصل الدم للمدخنين الاصحاء == Effect of Smoking On Some Biochemical Values In The Blood Serum of Healthy Smokers

اسم المؤلف: انفال كاظم عبد
اسم المشرف: حميد محمود مجيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان ظاهرة التدخين منتشرة على نطاق واسع في جميع انحاء العالم ولها تاثيرات سلبية على الصحة العامة، تعد احد الاسباب الرئيسة للاصابة بالسرطان. اجريت الدراسة في قضاء بعقوبة مركز محافظة ديالى للمدة من الخامس من تشرين الاول 2014 لغاية 1 ايار 2015، تهدف هذه الدراس | The phenomenon of smoking spread widely all over the world and have negative effects on public health and one of the main causes of cancer, a study was conducted in the district of Baquba, center of Diyala province for the period of 5th October 2014 to 1st May 2015, where a total sample of 180 persons from smokers and nonsmokers. The study aimed to knowledge effect of smoking on some biochemical values. The study samples were divided depending on the number of cigarettes consumed per day into four groups : Group I : smokers who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day No.30 aged between (30 - 40) years.Group II : smokers who smoked more than 30 cigarettes per day No.30 aged between (30 - 40) years.Group III : smokers who smoked more than 40 cigarettes per day No.37 aged between (30 - 40) years.Group IV : smokers who smoked more than 50 cigarettes per day No.23 aged between (30 - 40) years.These groups were compared with non - smokers group consisting of 60 persons age range between (30 - 40) years. Results of statistical analysis showed : The presence of a significant rise in the level of probability of P <0.01 in the levels of TC, TG, LDL - C and VLDL - C in smokers compared with non - smokers, with these high levels to increase the number of cigarettes smoked per day, especially in the two groups of the third and fourth - smoking,. agreement this increase with height in levels (MDA) Malondialdehyde, while levels of HDL - C decreased inversely with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the values of MDA.Increase the activity of the liver enzyme AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and decreasing in total serum bilirubin value in all smokers groups compared with nonsmoker. Elevated potassium ion level in all smokers groups compared with non - smokers. and ions of sodium and chloride were not affected. We conclude from the above there is a positive correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day relationship and TC, TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C and MDA, as well as liver enzymes : AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and the existence of a negative correlation between the numbers of cigarettes smoked per day and HDL - C, TSB in smokers

تاثير الكلوتاثيون وبيروكسيد الهيدروجين وتداخلهما في بعض الصفات النوعية والكمية لنبات الماش Vigna radiat == Effect of Glutathione And Hydrogen Peroxide And Their Interactions On Some of The Quantity And Quality Characteristic of (Mung Bean) Plant Vigna Radiata L.

اسم المؤلف: ايمان حسين هادي الحياني
اسم المشرف: وفاق امجد القيسي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Two field experiments were conducted during the spring and autum growth season of Vigna radiata L. in the year 2014 at botanical garden of Biology Department, Collage of Education for Pure Science (Ibn AL_Haithem) University of Baghdad.The experiments aimed to study the effect of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide, and their interactions on some of quantity and quality characteristic of plant Vigna radiate L.The treatment of glutathione (0, 25, 50, 75, 100) mg.L - 1 While the H2O2 (0, 5, 10, 15) ml mol. L - 1.The two experiment were designed as Randomized Complete Block Design as factorial experiment with two factors with three replication which included 60 experiment units the area of each one (1×1`) m. Results were analyzed Statistically and compared using average L.S.D at 0.05. The results of the experiments showed that glutathione revealed significantly increased all study parameter espically in 100 mg.L - 1 concentration, stem diameter by 54.56%, 28.04%, leaves number 69.34%, 53.14% for two seasons, fresh weight 44.20% for first season, the dry weight 37.43%, 91.46%, leaf area 61.61%, 151.23%.leaf area index 86.61%, 146.35%, biomass duration 60.48%, 101.06%, absolute growth rate (AGR) 32%, 92.68%, inflorescences number 56.55%, 39.90%, flower`s number 71.97%, 22.60%, root length19.82. %, 26.20%, root dry weight 76.10%, 79.25%, total function of SOD 69.32%, 40.52%, total Function of POD 29.45%, 82.25%, total Function of GPX 30.90 %, 63.62%, chlorophyll concentration of a 73.48%91.40%, chlorophyll concentration of b 35.42%, 17.67% for two seasons respectively. The total chlorophyll content 13.69%, for second season, Caroten concentration 207%, 309%, proline concentration 84.47%, 31.75%, (MDA) concentration 6.25%, 38.35%, glutathione. concentration 41.49%, 23.62 %, H2O2 concentration 52.16%, 33.24%, pods number 17.43%, 16.93%, 100 seeds weight 22.95 % 22.48%, , 93.62%, seeds yield 52.17%, 43.70%, the carbohydrate percentage 64.07%, 19.21 %, the protein percentage 22.32% for first season while the results of effect of soaking seeds with H2O2 specially with 15m ml.L - 1 concentration increased stem diameter 45.52%, 34.00%, leaves number 18.55%, 30.75%, Lateral branch 26.06%, 48.04% for Two seasons respectially, fresh weight 35.45% for first season, dry weight 40.89%, 43.85%, leaf area 53.24%, 64.53%, leaf area index 92.30%, 62.39%, biomass duration 35.35%, 57.53%, abosult growth rate34.78 %, 48%, in, inflorescences number 34.98%, 38.10% flowers number 2.987, 20.13%, root length19.44 %, 19.36%, root dry weight 99%, 96.52% total functhion of (SOD)100%, 2853%, total function of (POD) 176.57%, 40.58%, total function of (CAT)118.29%, 71.78%total functhion of (GPX)12.80%, 61.40%, Caroten concentration 54%for second season, prolineconcentration 40.93%for first season, (MDA) content 17.31% for second season, glutathione concentration, 13.68% 24.29%, H2O2 concentration 26.53%, 30.58%, number of pods 42.77%, 20.51%, seads number /pod 22.93%, 22.93%, 100 seeds Wieght 24.07%, 24.86%, seeds yield 16.69% for first season, the solubly carbohydraty percentage 43.26%for first season, the protein percentage 11.50%, 25.18 % for two seasons respicatlly, while chlorophyll a decreas concentration ed by 15m ml.L1 12.87%for second season, total chlorophyll concentration 39.66%, 26.22 for two season respicatlly. There were high significant interaction between glutathione and H2O2 in all study parameter characters in the two experiments.

العلاقة المحتملة بين مرض الاكياس المائية وسرطان الكبد والرئتين == The Probable Relationship Between The Hydatidosis And Liver And Lungs Cancer

اسم المؤلف: ايمان سلمان خميس محمود
اسم المشرف: ندى محمد طه البشير | نغم ياسين البياتي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد الاصابة ببعض العوامل المرضية مسؤولة عن حوالي خمس حالات السرطان في العالم. وهنالك العديد من الاصابات الطفيلية التي ثبت دورها كمسبب او محفز لسرطانات معينة، الا ان العلاقة بين الاصابة بالاكياس المائية والسرطان مازالت موضع جدال ولذلك فقد هدفت الدراسة الح | Infectious agents are responsible for about one fifth of all cancer cases worldwide. Some parasitic infections are well documented to cause certain cancers. However, the association of hydatid cyst (HC) with cancer is a controversial issue. The current study aimed to investigate the possible association between chronic hydatid cyst infection with liver and lung cancers. The study involved three groups : the first group included 42 patients with HC, the second group included 35 patients with liver (12) and lung (23) cancers, while 25 apparently healthy individuals were recruited to represent the third group (control). Number, diameter, location and the status (calcified or non - calcified) of the HC were recorded from HC group. Blood samples were collected from the studied groups from which serum were separated and kept until being used. Enzyme linked immune - sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to estimate serum levels of anti - HC IgG antibodies, carbohydrate antigen (CA19 - 9), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ? - glutaml transferase (GGT), while Absorbance measured by spectrophotometric method was used to determine levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and adenosine deamimase (ADA).All members of HC group gave positive result for anti - HC IgG antibodies compared to 11 patients from cancer group and oneindividual from control group (Odds ratio =8.3). Both HC and cancer groups showed significantly higher p<0.05 levels of CA19 - 9, ALP, LDH and GGT ((76.16±58.26 U/ml and 110.77±96.47 U/ml), (131.81±76.65 U/L and 141.72±97.23 U/L), (244.24±117.94 U/L and 254.68± 115.56 U/L) and (95.06±66.73 U/L and 105.12± 41.42 U/L) respectively) than control group (10.81± 9.12 U/ml, 65.14± 25.21 U/L, 146.15± 37.59 U/L and 17.21± 6.87 U/L respectively). In cancer group, casp - 8 level (72.20±54.72 picomol/ L) was significantly lower from than that of control group (92.30± 41.20 picomol/L) and insignificantly from that of HC group (60.86±40.84 picomol/L). In HC group, ADA level was 47.84±10.65 U/L and was significantly higher p<0.05 than that of cancer group (10.14± 1.99 U/L) and control (16.09±2.70 U/L).Investigation for the risk factors which may increase the risk of developing liver or lung cancers in HC patients revealed that male, smokers and rural residents were more susceptible for such development (Odds ratios : 3.45, 6.982 and 5.48, respectively). Number and cyst size were significantly correlated with the level of anti - HC IgG antibodies (r= 0.539, P<0.001 and r= 0.618, P< 0.001 respectively), while calcified cysts associated with significantly higher levels p<0.05 of CA19 - 9 and GGT (105.03±88.9 U/ml and 145.46±101.57 U/L, respectively) than that of non - calcified cysts(65.91±39.87 U/ml and 77.17±7.23 U/L, respectively). Average level of anti - HC IgG antibobodies in calcified cysts was 19.75±13.11U/ml and was significantly P<0.05 lower than its counterpart of non - calcified cysts (85.017±76.84 U/ml). All studied parameters showed significantly higher levels in livers cysts than their counterparts in lung cysts. Results of the current study indicate that chronic infection with HC can increase the host susceptibility to develop liver or lung cancer.

تاثير الجسيمات النانوية للنحاس على بعض اعضاء الجهاز التكاثري الذكري للفئران البيض Mus musculus == Effect of Copper Nanoparticles On Some Organs of Male Reproductive System In Albino Mice Mus Musculus

اسم المؤلف: ايمن راضي حبيب
اسم المشرف: محمد ناجي طه
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted on 20 male of Swiss albino mice, where the main target of this study was to identify the influence of copper nanoparticles (Cu - NPs) on some organs of the male reproductive system. Animals were orally administered with 0.1 ml of 100 mg/kg Cu - NPs for 7, 14, 21 days. Then the animals were dissected in the next day after the end of the dosing period and took from them testes and epididymis (head and tail) to study the parameters in which these particles have affected, and this parameter as follows : 1 - Changes in the weights of each of the animals bodies, testes, tunica albuginea, and epididymis (heads and tails). 2 - Changes in sperm characteristics in testes and epididymis (head and tail), which included : the percentage of live sperms, abnormal sperms and sperm concentration. 3 - Changes in the percentages of the spermatogenic cells, which included : a - Spermatogonia. b - Primary & Secondary Spermatocytes. c - Spermatids. d - Sperms. 4 - Changes in numbers of leydig cells and nuclei diameters. 5 - Changes in diameters of seminiferous tubules and their lining wall thickness. 6 - Changes in thickness and height of epithelial cells in both the head and tail of the epididymis. 7 - Histopathological changes in testes and epididymis (head and tail). Phenotype description of testes from mice treated with copper nanoparticles for a period of 21 days occurrence of congestion and a few amount of fatty material around the testes. The results also revealed a decline in the average body weights on the period of 7 and 21 days of treatment when compared with the weight of the same animals before treatment and the decline was significantly at (P<0.05). Whereas the testes and tunica albuginea weights recorded a significant decrease in their average weights (P<0.05) when compared with control groups. As well as the epididymis weights where showed significantly decrease (P<0.05) in the average of the epididymides heads weights for all three periods of treatment, while a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the average weight of the epididymis tail appear for two periods 7 and 21 days compared with control groups. The study also reported a decrease in the percentage of live sperm and the average sperm concentration and an increase in the percentage of sperm abnormalities extended to all periods of treatment compared with control groups and this change was significant at the level of (P<0.05). The number of leydig cells and nuclei diameters, the results show a decrease in their averages and all the extended treatment period when compared with control groups, and this decrease was significantly at (P<0.05). Treatment with particles of copper nanoparticle indicated a decrease in the percentage of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and sperms in all periods of treatment compared with control groups and this decrease was significantly at the level of (P<0.05). While the results of the study revealed a significant increase at the level of (P<0.05) in the percentage of secondary spermatocytes and spermatids compared with the control animals. The study also showed a significant decrease at the level of (P<0.05) in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules of testes and the wall thickness of the seminiferous tubules for all periods of treatment compared with control groups. As well as a reduction in wall thickness and height of the epithelium in epididymis (head and tail) for all periods of treatment compared with control animals and this decline was significantly at (P<0.05). The current study also recorded a textile damage in the testes and epididymis (head and tail), which summarized the crash of some seminiferous tubules, degeneration of lining cells in tubule, the appearance of vacuole between cells and lifting epithelium from the basement membrane. On this basis, this study has shown for the first time that particles of copper nanoparticles have a negative impact on the effectiveness and activity of the male reproductive system in albino mice.

دراسة تشريحية مقارنة للاجزاء الخضرية وبعض الاجزاء التكاثرية لمراتب من العائلة القرعية Cucurbitaceae في العراق == Comparative Anatomical Study of Vegetative And Some Reproductive Parts For Taxa of The Family Cucurbitaceae In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: باسمة محمد رضا كاظم العبيدي
اسم المشرف: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - التشريح
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة الحالية دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لتسعة مراتب من العائلة القرعية Cucurbitaceae المستزرعة والبرية والتي زرعت في الحديقة النباتية لكلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة ابن الهيثم والمراتب هي : 1 - Citrullus colocynthis Schrad2 - Citrullus vulgaris Schrad3 | The present study included comparative anatomical study for nine taxa of Cucurbitaceae family for cultivated and wild types, which were planted in the garden of College of Education for Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al - Haitham. These taxa included : Citrullus colocynthis Schrad, Citrullus vulgaris Schrad, Cucumis melo Linnaeus, Cucumis melo var.flexuosus Naudin, Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl, Luffa cylindrica (Linnaeus) M. Roem. This study focused on some the anatomical characterization as compared study for the first time to these taxa in Iraq. This study included the features of ordinary epidermal cells, leaves petioles, stems, pedicles and sepals of the studied taxa. The results found the appearance of stomata in the stems and petioles in straight line as adjacent planar shape to the epidermal cells and not scattered as found in the leaves, this result was seen for the first time in the current taxa. Furthermore, the stomata have been shown in pedicel and sepals in same type as the stomatal complexes in leaves. The importance of phenotypic variation for the length and types of eglandular trichomes and the presence or not of glandular trichomes were found to carry out the role of indumentum in the different isolated taxa. Additionally, this study included the examination of the cross sections of the roots and also exposed the constituent tissues of it, the variation in the thickness of epidermis, cortex, vascular cambium as well as the arrangement of phloem cells have an important role in the studied taxa. The cross sections of stems, leaves petioles and pedicles showed shape and studied a significant role in the studied taxa and split them into groups.Moreover, this study concluded that the following of above sections from the outside into the inside has an important role to find out their constituent tissue. Thus the results of the study clarified the importance of epidermis tissue through the explanation of the outer and inner tangential walls of their cells and the variation in their dimensions, thickness and kind of stomatal complexes; therefore it has been given the importance of those features in the studied taxa in this study. Cortex tissue showed an extension of angular collenchyma and chloronechyma from stem to pedicel and have shown variation in the thickness in these two layers which was useful in the classification of studied taxa. Vascular tissues differed in the shape of vascular bundle, the number of rows and xylem units and the arrangement of the internal phloem, and all of those characteristics have helped in the studied taxa. In addition, the vascular tissues helped to find their arranged in the stems and found as vascular cylinder shape, while in the petioles and pedicel shown as vascular ribbons were which took the shape of sections petioles and pedicel. The medullar cells and medullary rays have been studied and also their similarity in the morphological characterization and function. Moreover, the anatomical features of the vertical sections of the laminae of leaves in mesophyll tissue have been examined, in the thickness of palaside and spongy layers in midrib, the variation in number and arrangement of vascular bundles have an important role in the studied taxa. In the current study, the ordinary and petal leaves venation and the type of venation have been studied in the studied taxa. Moreover the vertical sections for sepals were examined and also their similarity with laminae of leaves which was useful for studying the constituent tissues of some parts such as pedicel and sepals and anatomical features; and all of the studied characterization helped to study the vegetative parts through following them in studied taxa.

مستوى هرمون الليبتين في مصل النساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض قبل وبعد العلاج بالميتفورمين == Serum Leptin Level In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Before And After Treatment With Metformin

اسم المؤلف: بتول حسين كاظم
اسم المشرف: وليد حميد يوسف سندال النصيري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - المعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy in women, affecting 5 - 10% of women of reproductive age.The principal features of PCOS are anovulation, resulting in irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, ovulation - related infertility, and polycystic ovaries; excessive amounts or effects of androgenic hormones. Leptin, a key hormone in energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function, has a permissive role in the pathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction. Aim of the study To assess the role of serum leptin in women with PCOS and to evaluate leptin levels in PCOS women before and after treatment with metformin. Materials and Methods This prospective experimental study included 60 women of reproductive age (18 - 38years) were allocated to four groups : 15 obese women with PCOS (BMI >30 kg/m2), 15obese controls, 15 non - obese women with PCOS (BMI 18 - 30 kg/m2), and 15 non - obese controls. Serum leptin and insulin levels were measured and compared between case and control subjects also comparison done before and after treatment with metformin. Results There was a significant increase in leptin in non - obese PCOS group (8.2±2.73) compared to non - obese control (5.64±1.43), (P value=0.0032), insulin level was significantly higher in PCOS group (15.87±6.65) than control (5.47±1.68), (P value<0.001). There was significant decrease in BMI, leptin and insulin levels after 12 weeks of metformin treatment in obese and non - obese PCOS subjects. Conclusions Leptin level increased remarkably with increasing body weight. It is higher in non - obese PCOS women in comparison with non - obese healthy women. Treatment with metformin for 12 weeks resulted in significant reduction in leptin levels in both obese and non - obese PCOS subjects.

دراسة فعالية المشتت الحيوي السطحي المستخلص من بكتريا Bifidobacterium spp في تثبيط الغشاء الحيوي للمسببات المرضية المعزولة من مرضى القسطرة القلبية وتاثيره في عملية البلعمة == Study of The Effectiveness of Biosurfactant Extracted From Bacteria Bifidobacterium Spp. In The Inhibition of Biofilm of Pathogens Isolated From Cardiac Catheterization Patients And Its Effect In Phagocytosis

اسم المؤلف: بتول شاكر عبد المجلاوي
اسم المشرف: هيام عبد الرضا كريم العواد | علي رحيم حنظل الهامل
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted in order to assess the effect of Biosurfactant extracted from bacteria Bifidobacterium spp in the inhibition of Biofilm produced by pathogenesis bacterial isolated from patients with during cardiac catheterization, This study getting 89 patients with cardiac catheterization unit in AL - Imam AL - Hussain Teaching Hospital from both genders of different ages ranged between (29 - 75) years, starting from (January 2014 and to the end of July 2014). The samples taken from atherosclerosis patients were cultured for all types of cardiac catheterization by three tests Swabs, catheter tip culture and blood culture sample before and after a catheter for the purpose of isolating pathogens that component of the biofilm of patients with atherosclerosis. The results of the current study showed that patients with diagnostic cardiac catheterization rate of 66 (74.16%) patients were given 15 (60%), 15 (60%), 14 (58.33%) and 15 (62.5%) bacterial growth, respectively. But patients with therapeutic cardiac catheterization of 15 (16.85%) patients were given 6 (24%), 6 (24%), 6 (25%) and 6 (25%) bacterial growth respectively, and diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheterization for together 8 (8.99 %) patients were given 4 (16%) 0.4 (16%), 4 (14.67%) and 3 (12.5%), bacterial growth, respectively. The results showed sensitivity and specificity values for swabs test 96%, 100%. while the catheter tip culture was 96% and 100% respectively, and blood culture was 100 and 98%, respectively, it became clear from the results after the sample cultivations on the enrichment and differential media that 89 patients (sample joint) gave 25 (28.08%) positive sample for bacterial cultivation, and two of them showed two types of bacteria to become 27 isolated bacterial, isolates were diagnosed 11 (70.74%) gram positive, 15 (55.56%) gram negative , one isolate only of the yeasts 1 (3.70%), and 64 (71.91%) did not give any growth. Ability of pathological isolates were tested for the production of Biofilm by using three different methods, tube method TM, Congo Red Agar CRA, microtiter plate M TP were given 25 (92.6%), 16 (58.26%) and 26 (96.29%) the isolate of producing biofilm by different quantities respectively. The results of the investigation of formation biofilm test showed that MTP has 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity, the TM sensitivity was 96% and 100% specificity and CRA was sensitivity of 61.5% and 100% specificity. One hundred and fifteen samples were collected from of local and imported dairy products 45 (39.13%), breast milk 32 (27.83%) and cows milk, 38 (33.04%) were obtained at 22 (19.13%) positive sample of Bifidobacterium bacteria after morphological, microscopic and biochemical diagnosis tests and comparing these isolates with standard isolates. Oil Spreding Techingue and blood Hemolysis was performed to investigate the capability Bifidobacterium on the production biosurfactant, the efficiency antithesis test was studied of liquid bacterial farm for Bifidobacterium bacteria against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Serratia marcescens was diameters of inhibition zones (24.25, 21, 24, 22, 23) mm respectively. The inhibitory effectiveness was Studied for filtrate against bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, S.aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, P.aeruginosa, Enterobacter Cloacae and Serratia mercescens, where the E.coli bacteria was more effective and P.aeruginosa less effective by the bacterial filtrate. The study included the effect of three concentrations of biosurfactant against bacteria test group, and the diameters of inhibition rates of inhibition areas to concentrations 50% as follows (33.34, 30.34, 32.30, 33.32) mm respectively. The diameters rates of zones of inhibition for the concentration of 25% was as follows (30.32, 27.32, 31.28, 31.5, 29) mm respectively, and zones inhibition rates of concentration of 12.5% as follows (28.29, 24.30, 26.26, 28.26) mm respectively, statistically significant differences at the significance level of P <0.01inhibition in rates depending on the type of user concentration and statistically significant differences between the types of bacteria in their affected by biosurfactant. also determine the values of (MIC) Minimum Inhibitory Concentraction, (SubMIC) Sub Minimum Inhibitory Concentraction and (MBC) Minimum Bactericidal Concentraction, the value of MIC 6.25 mg / ml, Sub MIC 3.12 mg / ml and MBC 12.5 mg / ml of the bacteria E.coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and the value of MIC amounted to 12.5 mg / ml, Sub MIC 6.25 mg / ml and MBC 25 mg / ml of bacteria S.aureus, S.epidermidis, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and Serratia mercescens. The susceptibility of biosurfactant was studied to inhibit biofilm bacteria by MTP method The results showed a significant decrease in the formation of biofilm after the addition of biosurfactant compared with the biofilm before adding biosurfactant where the decreased rate reached 96%. Effect of biosurfactant test was performed on the efficiency of phagocytosis in vitro the percentage of phagocytosis reached 40.9% of the control group 64.8% of the experimental group. Concluded that the biosurfactant has a clear inhibitory efficacy against pathogens isolated from patients with cardiac catheterization and inhibition of biofilm for pathogens as well as raising the efficiency of the process of phagocytosis in vitro

التحري عن الاميبا الحالة للنسج/ الاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar في عينات البراز للمرضى با ستعمال تقنية PCR == Detection of Entamoeba Histolytic /Entamoeba Dispar In Stool Specimens By Using PCR Technique

اسم المؤلف: بثينة عبد الحمزة حسون الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: اخلاص مشرف عيدان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تسلط الدراسة الحالية الضوء على تشخيص وتحديد نسبة الاصابة بطفيلي الاميبا المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا الحالة للنسج Entamoeba histolytica وتمييزها عن الاميبا غير المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba dispar اللتين تتمايزان بشكلهما المتماثل في كلا الطور | This study sheds light on the determination and diagnose of the percentage of infection of like Entamoeba histolytica and differentiate it from the non pathogenic Entamoeba dispar that were morphologically identical in both cysts and trophozoite phase in two different groups : the first group includes 50 stool samples of patients suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (symptomatic group) while the second group includes 95 stool samples of patients not suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (Asymptomatic group).In addition to that, 20 stool samples were collected from healthy individuals as a control these samples were collected patients of AL - Zafaranyia General Hospital and AL - Alwyia Childhood Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from July, 2011 to May, 2012.These samples belong to different ages (1 year - < 50 years) of different sexes (males and females). Entamoeba samples were diagnosed by using two methods : the first one is the wet mount as a General Stool Examination(GSE) after macroscopic examination for sample and classifying them according to their consistency (solid, semisolid and liquid) and color (brown and yellow) and presence of blood and mucous in addition to diagnosing them microscopically to detect the presence of pus cells and both phases trophozoite and cyst for Entamoeba histolytica.While the second method that was depended in diagnosis is duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) by using two pairs of genes for detection of their amplification in DNA sample isolated from stool. The first pair is cystein proteinase which represents one of virulent factors in Entamoeba histolytica parasite as a tissue invader. The second pair encodes the surface antigen present on the surfaces of both parasites E. histolytica and E. dispar. It is represented by Actin gene (Act). The results of the wet mount showed that in percentage of infection of both species (E.histolytica/E.dispar) the (54%) of patient symptom and (34.37%) patient a symptom.While results of the specificity and sensitivity showed that in positive sample wet mount negative PCR while negative sample wet mount showed that positive PCR and higher percentage of infection the Entamoeba dispar. While the results of the dPCR showed that in spite of the presence of both species Entamoeba pathogenic (Entamoeba histolytica) and non pathogenic Entamoeba (Entamoeba dispar) , the percentage of infection of Entamoeba histolytica was lower than that of Entamoeba dispar. This was clear by the detection of amplification the Reaction producets (dPCR) by using both genes : Actin &Ehcp5 where only 8 samples were detected and they were found to be positive amplification Ehcp5 and 31 samples were positive amplification in both groups of patients (symptomatic and a symptomatic). The percentage of infection in females was higher than that in males for all ages when using both tests (wet mount & PCR). More over the patients with less than (10) years old had higher percentage of infection in both sexes.In conclusion, it should not be depended on direct wet mount technique for the identification of infected parasite Entamoeba histolytica and differentiating it from Entamoeba dispar because of their high homology. That the molecular examination is the only method that is able to determine the kind of infection with parasite Entamoeba

مقارنة نسب الحمل للنساء اللواتي يعانين من توقف الطمث لاسباب ثانويه بعد استعمال ادوية المنشطه للحويصلات المبيضيه باستخدام التمنيه داخل الرحم والطريقه الطبيعيه للحمل == Comparison of Pregnancy Rate Between Intrauterine Insemination And Spontaneous Pregnancy After Ovulation Induction In Women With Secondary Amenorrhea

اسم المؤلف: سوسن كاظم عبد الامير
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - المعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: انقطاع الطمث لاسباب ثانوية هو انعدام الدوره الشهريه لمدة ثلاثة الى ستة اشهر للنساء اللواتي لهن دوره شهريه منتظمة.واستنادا لمنظمة الصحة العالمية ان انقطاع الطمث يتضمن مجموعة (WHOI) و(WHOII) والتي تكون (30%) من حالات العقم.وتعاني اكثر النساء ممن يكونون من م | Secondary amenorrhea refers to the lack of cycle for three months in a row or for more than six months in a woman who has had regular menstrual periods before, and its associated with conditions classified as World Health Organization (WHO) group 1 and WHO group 2 and has been estimated to represent almost (30%) of all causes of infertility. In clinical practice, WHO group 2 subjects present much more frequently than WHO group 1 subjects and they appear to be much harder to treat successfully. Among women classified as WHO group 2, those diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitute the largest group (60 - 85% of cases). These women account for most cases with oligomenorrhea (90%) and represent about (30%) of those with amenorrhea.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to find out the pregnancy rate following intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women complaining of secondary amenorrhea after induction of ovulation and compare it with those achieve pregnancy by natural way.Material and MethodsSeventy five females with secondary amenorrhea were involved in this study, there ages were ranged between (?30, 30 - 39, ?40) years old with infertility duration ranged between (?2, 3 - 4, 5 - 6, 7 - 8, ?9) years. History and medical examination were done for all women, with tubal patency assessment by HSG or laparoscopy.By cycle day two, hormonal assay (S.FSH, S.LH, S.E2, S.Prolactin and S.Testosterone) were done for all females in addition to ultrasonography to exclude any ovarian pathology.Ovulation induction program was applied for all females which include either clomiphene citrate (CC) alone, recombinant Follicular Stimulating Hormone (r - FSH) alone or combined CC and r - FSH. Vaginal ultrasonography was done for all females on day 12 or13 to assess ovarian response (size and number of mature follicles) and endometrial thickness. Meantime all male partners undergo seminal analysis to assess sperm parameters (sperm concentration, sperm motility and morphology).Thirty eight of females participated for natural pregnancy and thirty seven of females participate for IUI. Washing swim up technique was used for sperm activation for all male partner involved in IUI group.Follow up of all these females for pregnancy test to assess the pregnancy rate for both groups (natural and IUI).ResultsThe pregnancy rate achieved by natural way for a women with secondary amenorrhea is (23.7%), and (18.92%) by IUI way.In this study, it was found that female age, infertility duration, hormonal balance and ovulation induction program affect the pregnancy outcome where the young age group and short infertility duration correlate positively with pregnancy rate. Furthermore, early diagnosis of underlying causes of secondary amenorrhea to achieve hormonal balance by suitable ovulation induction program, have an effect on pregnancy rate, were combined CC and r - FSH produce a significant result among females achieve pregnancy by natural way (13.5%) compared with other ways. While ovulation induction by r - FSH drugs produce a significant results (13.5%) among females achieve pregnancy by IUI way.ConclusionFrom results of this study, it was concluded that young female age, short infertility duration, early diagnosis of underlying causes of secondary amenorrhea and the use of r - FSH drugs for ovulation induction produce a high significant pregnancy rate using IUI program.

اثر بعض المستخلصات النباتية في سمية مبيد الديازينون ضد يرقات وكاملات خنفساء الطحين الصدئية الحمراء Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) == The Effect of Some of Extracts of The Plants With Disinfectant Against The Larva And Pillars of Red Flour Beetles Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst)

اسم المؤلف: توركان احمد حمد حسن
اسم المشرف: برهان مصطفى محمد الدليمي | عواد شعبان داود الناصري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اشتملت الدراسة الحالية على دراسة التاثير السمي للمستخلص الايثانولي والمائي لثلاثة نباتات وهي : الزعتر Thymus vugarisوالشيح Artemisia herba alba والنعناع البستاني mentha piperita اذ استخدمت مستخلصات الاوراق لكل نبات واختبرت سبعة تراكيز لكل مستخلص (10000,

انتاج انزيم السيليلز من عزلة محلية لبكتريا B167 Streptomyces sp. واستخدامه في انتاج الوقود الحيوي == Cellulase Production From Local Isolate of Streptomyces Sp.B167 And Its Application In Biofuel Production

اسم المؤلف: بنان محمود سليمان
اسم المشرف: ناظم حسن حيدر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى انتاج انزيم السليليز من بكتريا الستربتومايسس ودراسة تاثير بعض الظروف الزرعية على انتاج الانزيم; انتاج الوقود الحيوي من المخلفات السليلوزية من خلال التحلل المائي للمخلفات بالاحماض والانزيمات المايكروبية. تم غربلة 74 عزلة لبكتريا St | The current study was aimed to produce biofuel from cellulosic waste material degraded by local isolate Streptomyces. Seventy four isolates of Streptomyces were screened for cellulase production in solid and liquid media. The results showed higher capability of isolate Streptomyces sp. B 167 for cellulase production and bioconversion of cellulose. Therefore, it was selected for further studies. The results of optimization revealed that the cellulase enzyme productivity by the isolate Streptomyces sp. B 167 reached to 2.1 and 2.28 U/ml after 48 h of incubation time and pH 7 respectively. Cellulase productions in tested isolate improved (2.57 U/ml) by supplementation of cellulose liquid medium with 1 % of yeast extract as nitrogen source. Additives of carbon sources like (manitol, glucose, maltose, sucrose and starch) to the process of saccharification did not improve the cellulase productivity. The bioconversion of cellulosic waste to reducing sugar was maximum with Banana peels (77.78 %) followed by the rice husk (75.56 %), orange peels (71.11 %), corn steep peels (60.0 %) and lowest bioconversions (53.33 %) were recorded with sawdust. The degradation of cellulosic waste increased with increasing substrate concentration. Maximum cellulase productivity (3.18 U/ml) and bioconversion (86.1 %) was obtained at 3 % (w/v) of cellulosic waste (Banana peels). Saccharification of cellulosic waste with different treatment methods was studied. The pretreatment of cellulosic waste with 1 % HCl and H2SO4 produces 21 and 15.8 g of reducing sugar / 100 g of cellulosic waste. In comparison, hydrolysis with Streptomyces sp. B 167 enzymes resulted a significantly higher amount of reducing sugar yield (25 g / 100 g cellulosic waste). Further fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysates was performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae using stationary fermentation condition. Maximum yield of ethanol were (0.30, 0.19 and 0.10 g ethanol / g glucose) observed with Streptomyces sp. B 167 enzymes, HCl and H2SO4 hydrolysates respectively after 48 h of fermentation

تاثير اشعة الفا على التصاقية بعض انواع البكتريا == Study The Effect of The Alpha Ray On The Adhesion Some Type of Bacteria

اسم المؤلف: فردوس غضبان كاظم
اسم المشرف: زياد متعب الخزاعي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية جمع 37 مسحة من المرضى المصابين باخماج العيون في مدينة الديوانية ومن كلا الجنسين حيث تضمنت الدراسة سيادة نوعين من المسببات البكتيرية لاصابات العيون ودراسة قابلية التصاق هذه البكتريا على العدسات اللاصقة وهي المكورات العنقوديـــــــــــ | The current study included (37) samples were collected from sicks of Eyes infection in Al - Diwaniya city from two kinds that the study included two type dominant of Bacteria causes for Eyes infection and study this Bacteria adhesion ability on the Lenses, that the Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as the impact of exposure to (Radiology Alpha and Gamma rays) on adhesion ability, As well as the search included the application of a mathematical model to adhesion formula. The current study results are showed the Staphylococcus aureus for percent (45.94)% and then the Pseudomonas aeruginosa for percent (32.43)%. The results were obtained being clear impact of irradiation on Bacteria adhesion ability to Lenses. The results were obtained the higher level adhesion reaching its, the Staphylococcus aureus in the natural case to (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×292) that in three hours whereas the Alpha ray exposure more than adhesion level that range six hours to (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×302) and when the Gamma ray exposure the higher adhesion level reaching that range (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×233) during exposure period that reach to four and half hour. About the Pseudomonas aeruginosa the adhesion higher level in the natural case to (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×204) during two hours and half hour whereas when exposure its, to Alpha ray that reaching to higher level adhesion range (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×298) during six hours as well as when exposure to Gamma ray the higher level adhesion reaching range (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×250) during four and half hour. Application the mathematical adhesion sample, the result obtained that the disengagement coefficient, the valuable impact its, so that the valuable increased as well as temporal to be late in approach stage of zero who mathematically certain the lenses importance that the important dangerous effective for Eye infection distribution. As well as the results were certain the Alpha and Gamma rays were irradiation, that have impact of where decreasing the adhesion bacteria numbers for lenses, that decreasing from Eyes infection

تاثير المستخلص الكحولي لاوراق نبات ذيل العقرب Heliotropium europium وفيتامينC في بعض الجوانب الفسلجية والكيموحيوية لذكور الجرذان المعرضة للكرب التاكسدي == Effect of Heliotropium Europium Leaves Alcoholic Extract And Vitamin C in Some Physiological And Biochemical Parameters of Male Rats Exposed To Oxidative Stress

اسم المؤلف: صفا احمد عبد القادر محمد دنيدل
اسم المشرف: صاحب جمعة عبد الرحمن | عويد هيدان الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة تاثير المستخلص الكحولي لنبات ذيل العقرب Heliotropium europium في وزن الجسم وعدد من المتغيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية كتركيز الهيموكلوبينHaemoglobin (Hb) وحجم كريات الدم المرصوصةPacked cell volume (PCV) والعدد الكلي لخلايا الدم | The aim of the present study was to investigate some effects of the alcoholic extract of Heliotropium europium in body weight and some of physiological and biochemical parameter such as concentrations of Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and the total count of leukocytes (WBCs) and concentrations glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Peroxynitrite radical (ONOO - ) , Superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), glucose, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL - C), Low density lipoprotein (LDL - C), Very Low density lipoprotein (VLDL - C), Atherogenic indices levels, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea and Uric acid in serum and histological changes in liver of male rats that exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2(0.5%) with drinking water for (30) days, and comparison these effects with the effects of the vitamin C as well known antioxidants(250 mg/kg of body weight), for the purpose of this study preliminary experiments were carried out to find the most effective does of plant extracts and it was found that this does was (300 mg/ kg) body weight.The study included(35) male albino rats, (4 - 6) months ages and(245 - 280)gm weight were divided to (7) groups both group with (5) rats as follows : Control group, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) group, Heliotropium extract group, H2O2+ Heliotropium extract group, Heliotropium extract + vitamin C group, H2O2+ Vitamin C group, H2O2+extract of Heliotropium+ vitamin C group.The results showed : 1. The animal under oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide caused a significant decrease (p? 0.05) in body weights and values of Hb , PCV, GSH, activity of SOD enzyme, HDL - C, total protein, albumin, globulin and compared with the control group. While it caused a significant increase in WBCs, MDA, ONOO. - , glucose, cholesterol, TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C, Atherogenic indices levels(I, II, III) and urea compared with the control group.2. The treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide with extract of Heliotropium europium showed significant increase in the weights of animals, Hb, PCV, GSH, activity of SOD enzyme, HDL - C, total protein, albumin and globulin compared with a hydrogen peroxide group. While this treatment showed significant decrease in WBCs, MDA, ONOO. - , glucose, cholesterol, TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C, Atherogenic indices levels (I, II, III), and urea when compared with a hydrogen peroxide group.3. Compared with a hydrogen peroxide treatment of rats exposed to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide with vitamin C, extract of plant and vitamin C with hydrogen peroxide group showed the results were similar to the results of treatment plant extract with hydrogen peroxide group.4. The treatment plant alcoholic extract and vitamin C showed a significant increase in the level GSH, MDA, activity of SOD enzyme, HDL - C, globulin compared with the control group. And showed a significant decrease in animal weights, WBCs, ONOO. - , LDL - C, VLDL - C and urea compared with a hydrogen peroxide group. While not shown significant differences in the values of Hb, PCV, glucose, cholesterol, TG, Atherogenic indices levels total protein and uric acid compared with the control group.5. The treatment alcoholic plant extract group showed increase in the weights of animals and values Hb, PCV, WBCs, GSH, MDA, Triglyceride, VLDL - C, Atherogenic indices levels, globulin and urea compared with the control group. Showed significant decrease in the HDL - C and albumin compared to the control group. while did not show significant difference in ONOO. - , activity SOD enzyme, glucose, cholesterol, total protein and uric acid compared the control group.6. The most important histological changes that have occurred in this study have showed treatment hydrogen peroxide compared with a control to swelling hepatocytes with necrosis each and the small size of the nuclei with swelling sinusoid, and the treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress plant extract has showed a lack of clarity within the cells in hepatocytes necrosis and swelling sinusoid compared with a hydrogen peroxide while the treatment of animals exposed to oxidative stress with vitamin C showed sinusoid constriction and showed treatment alcoholic plant extract and vitamin C for the animals exposed to oxidative stress loss nucleus cells with the difficulty of distinguishing sinusoid.
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