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تاثير فطريات المايكو راي زا الشجيرية والمادة العضوية في مرض الذبول المتسبب عن الفطر Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici في نبات الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum == Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza And Organic Matter On Wilting Caused By (Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp. Lycopersici) In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum)
Author name:
ثامر عبد الشهيد محسن علي الابراهيمي
Supervisor name:
بتول زينل علي
General topic:
Biology
Specific topic:
Microbiology - Fungi
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
24T2966 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three arbuscular mycorrhizal species (Glomus etunicatum, G. leptotichum, Rhizophagus intraradices) and the organic matter (Peatmoss) on controlling the wilting caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici on tomatoes using pot cultures. The study was included two experiments : 1 - The first experiments was performed to select the best mycorrhizal species or a maxture of two or three species acting on several parameters, Results showed the followings : - Significant increase of the tri mixture activity of the three mycorrhizal species compared to the dual mixture or single species on mycorrhizal colonization, mycorrhizal dependency and the weight of mycorrhizal roots after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the trimixture of AM fungi in increasing the plant growth parameters after four and eight weeks planting. - The highest activity of the tri mixture of AM fungi in increasing the percentage of N, P, K and the protein in leaves and roots after 8 weeks planting compared to other treatments.2 - The second experiment was performed to study the effect of the tri mixture of AM fungi (which gave the highest activity in the first experiments) and the organic matter in the presence of the pathogen F.o.l. and their interactions on mycorrhizal parameters, disease parameters, analysis of some elements and compounds, study of some plant growth parameters, enzymatic and non - enzymatic antioxidants in tomato plant, Results revealed the followings : - Significant increase in mycorrhizal colonization included % of mycorrhizal frequency, mycorrhizal intensity in the root system, mycorrhizal intensity in in root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in parts of root fragments, abundance of arbuscules in root system and the highest values were shown in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after six and ten weeks planting. - Significant increase in dry weight of mycorrhizal roots, the highest was shown in the treatment (organic matter x control) after 10 weeks planting. - Increase in percentage of mycorrhizal dependency after 6 and 10 weeks planting and the highest percentage was shown in the treatment (absence organic matter x control) after 10 weeks. - Increase in number of mycorrhizal spores, the highest was recorded in the treatment (organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) after 12 weeks. - Significant decrease in % of disease parameters in leaves and roots, the lowest percentage were recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) for all parameters. - Results of plant growth parameters showed significant increase of all for different weeks. The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) recorded the highest for all parameters tested in plant. - The treatments affected the flowering and fruit duration, the shortest was shown by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) - Significant increase in percentage of N, K and protein in leaves and roots, and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in leaves, the highest values were shown in treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control). - The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) recorded the highest percentage of P, souble carbohydrates, highest content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in leaves and roots as well as highest percentage of lignin in roots. - Significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots, the highest activity recorded by the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x absence organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection). - Significant increase of non - antioxidant enzymatic in antioxidants included content of carotene in leaves, content of ascorbic acid, proline, total phenol, and glutathione in leaves and roots, The treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x control) showed the highest content of carotene and ascorbic acid while the treatment (trimixture of mycorrhiza x organic matter x 4weeks pathogen infection) showed the highest content of proline, total phenol and glutathione in leaves and roots.
