الصفحات الاولى:

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاند قاعدة شف جديدة مشتقة من 4 - امينو انتي بايرين ومعقداتها مع بعض الايونات الفلزية ودراسة فعاليتها المضادة للبكتيريا Synthesis And Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived From 4 - Aminoantipyrine And It'S Complexes With Some Metal Ions And Their Antibacterial Effective Study

اسم المؤلف: هيام هادي علكم

اسم المشرف: ساجد محمود لطيف

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2013

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المعقدات الفلزية احادية ومختلطة الليكاند المشتقة من سلفاميثاكزول و4,4' - ثنائي مثيل - 2,2' - باي بريدال Synthesis And Characterization of Some Metal Complexes With Mono And Mixed Ligand Derived From Sulfamethoxazole And 4,4' - Dimethyl - 2,2' - Bipyridyl

اسم المؤلف: ميسون مزهر عـبد الحسـن

اسم المشرف: محاسن فيصل الياس

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء اللاعضوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تم في هذا البحث تحضير معقدات جديدة للعناصر الثقيلة Rh(III)} وPd(II) Pt(IV)و {Au(III) من تفاعل الليكاند (sulfamethoxazole L1) مع ايونات املاح هذه الفلزات بالطريقة التقليدية وتم تحضير معقدات جديدة اخرى في الحالة الصلبة بواسطة تفاعل مزيج من (sulfamethoxazol | In the present study, new heavy metal complexes of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as L1 have been prepared with Pd(II), Au(III), Rh(III) and Pt(IV) ions , in a solid state by conventional method. Two mixed ligands were chosen : sulfamethoxazole and 4,4/ - dimethyl - 2,2/ - bipyridyl (L2). This is done to prepare another series of complexes with some metal ions ( Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Cr(III) , V(IV), Pd(II) and Au(III)) in order to investigate the coordination behavior of these ligands(L1) and (L2) toward these metal ions.These complexes, already prepared by the solid state, were characterized by the elemental analysis (C.H.N.S) and FT - IR , UV - Vis spectroscopy, in addition to the flame atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility , melting point and conductivity measurements. According to the results obtained, it is noticed that ligand L1, with the light and heavy metal ions, clearly behaves as a bidentate through the O atom of sulfonyl group and N atom of sulfonylamid group for all the prepared complexes except Cu(II) and Ni(II). In this case, the ligand confirms that the bonding of the metal ion in a tridentate chelate through the O atom of sulfonyl group and N atom of sulfonylamid group and N atom of amine group.While L2 behaves as a bidentate ligand through two N atom. Conductivity measurements have shown that all the prepared complexes are ionic except PdL1L2 complex. Based on the results of the measurements, the following formula have been suggested for the new prepared complexes : - [VOL1L2]SO4.2H2O and [CuL1L2]2( NO3)4.0.5H2O have square pyramidal geometry while the following complexes are having octahedral geometry : - [CrL1L2 Cl2] Cl.H2O,[NiL1L2NO3]2 ( NO3)2.0.5 H2O,[PdL1L2 Cl2].0.5H2O,[PtL1Cl3H2O]Cl.H2O, [Au L1L2Cl2] Cl.2H2Oand the complexes below have tetrahedral geometry : - [CoL1L2] (NO3)2.3H2O,[CdL1L2](NO3)2.3H20 while [PdL1Cl]2 Cl2.H2O,[AuL1Cl2]Cl.3.5H2O,[RhL1ClH2O]Cl2.0.5H2O have square planar geometry.Different bonding and structural behaviors were revealed throughout the study of coordination chemistry of the newly prepared metal complexes.The nature of bonding between the metal ion and the donor atoms of the ligands were demonstrated by calculating Racah parameter and the other ligand field parameters which were calculated using suitable Tanaba - Sugano diagrams.The nature of the complexes in ethanol solution was studied for some of the prepared complexes such as (RhL1,PdL1,PtL1 and AuL1) in the solution state to determine the ratio between ligand to metal state by using the molar ratio method which gave results which approximately identical results when compared to those obtained from the isolated solid state. Besides the stability constant of the prepared complexes were studied and it was found that they were stable in molar ratio 1 : 1.

اسم المؤلف: عذراء محمد سلوم

اسم المشرف: امينة عبد الرحمن فياض عماد تقي علي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

تحضير ودراسة طيفية وامتزاز لمعقدات بعض ايونات العناصر الانتقالية لليكندات المشتقة Synthesis Spectroscopic And Adsorption Studies of Some Ions Transition Metal Complexes For Ligands Derived From Sulfamethoxazole And Its Mixed Ligands

اسم المؤلف: فرح علي داود

اسم المشرف: ساهرة صادق عبد الرزاق احمد ثابت نعمان

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ان الهدف من الدراسة هو تحضير وتشخيص ليكاند ثنائي السن : - [4 - (5,5 - dimethyl - 3 - oxocyclohex - 1 - enylamino) - N - (5 - methylisoxazol - 3 - yl)benzene sulfonamide]من تفاعل السلفاميثوكسازول مع الدايميدون لينتج الليكاند [H2L] باستخدام طريقة الصهر ا | The aim of the study is the preparation and characterization of bidentate Ligand [4 - (5,5 - dimethyl - 3 - oxocyclohex - 1 - enylamino) - N - (5 - methylisoxazol - 3 - yl) benzene sulfonamide]. The ligand was prepared by fusing sulfamethoxazole and dimedone at (170) ?C for half hour. The prepared ligand was characterized by FTIR,UV - Vis spectroscopy, H1,C3 - NMR spectra, mass spectra, molar conductivity measurement and melting point. The molecular structure for the ligand [H2L] which was proposed as drawn in the figure below : - Ligand [H2L]The complexes prepared using reflux in ethanol as solvent were two types namely : - 1 - Complexes of (1 : 1) mole ratio formula [M(H2L)(H2O)2]Cl22 - Complexes of (1 : 1 : 1) mole ratio formula [M(H2L)(HA)] in the presence of KOH as a base, Where : - M(II) = (Co ,Ni ,Cu) HA= 3 - amino phenol. Spectroscopic methods (FT - IR, UV - Vis spectroscopy) along with (A.A), chloride content and melting point were carried out in addition to molar conductance were done for the characterization of all complexes.The proposed tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions studied were concluded from these measurements. [M(H2L)(H2O)2]Cl2 [M(H2L)(HA)]Molar ratio method were used to determine M to L ratio at maximum wave length (?max=455nm ).The ratio were (1 : 1) mole for both complexes (1) and (4). Bentonite clay was used as adsorbent surface to gather with complexes (1) and (4). The adsorption time investigated was between (15 - 120) min at (25)°C as constant concentration for complexes being (70) mg/L for complex (1) and (50) mg/L for Complex (4) and mesh 75))?m. The results revered that the time needed to reach concentration equilibrium in the were 60 to 75 min for complex (1) and (4). during studying isotherm adsorption for the two complexes on bentonite surface, the results revealed that the trend of the adsorption isotherm was (L1) type according to Giles classification , which means that the adsorbent distributed horizontally on the bentonite surface to from a single adsorption layer type langmire.The adsorption phenomenon was studied at different temperatures (10, 25, 37.5, and 50) oC. The results of the adsorption for both complexes on bentonite surface were showed an increase with increasing temperature (endothermic process). Thermodynamic functions (?Ho, ?Go, and ?So) were calculated and the results were discussed. Generally, the increase in the pH of solution was showed an increase in quantity of both complexes that adsorbed on bentonite clay surface at a certain temperature. The study proved that an increase of adsorbent weight may be enhanced the adsorption process of both complexes. Moreover, the particle size of clay surfaces has an influence on the adsorption process showing an increase in adsorption quantity as the particle size decreased.

تحضير ودراسة طيفية ومعالجة نظرية لمعقدات مزيج ليكاندي مشتقات البنزاميدازول والفينانثرولين

اسم المؤلف: دعاء حبيب محل

اسم المشرف: محاسن فيصل الياس

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: In this study, two new aromatic chalcones have been synthesized. The first one contain one amino phenyl group while the second contain two amino phenyl groups , from the reaction of 2 - acetothiophene or pamino acetophenone with p - or m - amino benzaldehyde respectively by Claisen - Schmidt condensation in alcoholic base medium (10%NaOH ).Also, some of heterocyclic compounds have been derived from these prepared chalcones as a derivatives for 2 - pyrazoline ring and for dihydro pyrimidine - 2 - one/thione as follows : 1 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl ) - 2 - pyrazoline (3,9) derivatives from condensation of (1,2) chalcone with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol.2 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl) - 1 - phenyl - 2 - pyrazoline (4,10) derivatives by the reaction of chalcone (1,2)with phenyl hydrazine in presence of acetic acid.3 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl) - 1 - substituted - 2 - pyrazoline (5 - 7,11 - 13) from the reaction of chalcones (1,2) with semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide and isoniazide in strong basic medium (45% NaOH) in absolute ethanol.4 - Preparation of 4,6 - di(amino phenyl ) - 3,4 - dihydro pyrimidine - 2 - one / thion (14,15) : from the reaction of chalcone(2)with urea and thiourea in presence of sodium ethoxide in absolute ethanol in two ways : thermal catalyse and ultrasonic waves with high yield for the last one.The phenyl amines derivatives (3 - 7,9 - 15)included benzidine (8) were converted into N - substituted maleimic acid (16 - 28) , by reacted it with maleic acid anhydride in ether or dry acetone.These derivatives (16 - 28) were undergo dehydration by using anhydrous acetic and sodium acetate to give N - substituted malimide products ( 29 - 41) in good yield.Also, the homopolymers (42 - 54) for these malimides were prepared by free radical polymerization with benzoyl peroxide as initiator and dimethyl formamide (DMF) as a solvent at 130 0C. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com The copolymers (55 - 104)have been prepared by the samemethod and initiator with vinyl acetate for polymers (55 - 67)and with acryl amide for polymers (68 - 72) and with allyl benzene for polymers (73 - 80) and with maleimide (31) for the polymers (81 - 88) , also with maleimide (32) for the polymers (89 - 96) and finally with maleimide (33) for the polymers (97 - 104).The structures of these new compounds were characterized by UV spectra (as a comparable study for unpolymered molecules ),IR (infra - red ) spectra and 1H - NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance ) spectra for some of the prepared compounds and followed by TLC (thin layer chromatography ).The stability of these compounds (9 - 12) were studied spectrally from the changing in its high absorbance values (peaks) ?max for their solutions at concentrations 2×10 - 5M in light and dark with time for comparability. These compounds showed good stability whichcan be suggested to be used as an organic reagents for analytical study especially with drugs and phenolic compounds.More ever, the identification study , here we have studied the heoretical study of formation heat for intermediates and final compounds bodies length of the bond which was agreement with the particularly results.This study ,also includes the biological activity for some of the prepared compounds against four kinds of germs which known by its resistance against antibiotics ,these are Staphylococcus aureus (positive for Gram stain )and Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonalla typhi (negative for Gram stain ) and studiesy the inhibition values for these compounds comparable with three of standard antibiotics as controls (ampicilline : C1, Cloxacilin : C2, erythromycin : C3) , and the results show the ability of these prepared compounds to inhibit all the used germs except Pseudomonas which shows clear resistant for less polarity comparable with control samples.

دراسة تاثير الفسفاتين وبعض المتغيرات الحياتية على مرضى سوفان المفاصل المصابين وغير المصابين بداء السكري من النوع الثاني A Study of Visfatin And Some Biochemical Variables In Osteoarthritis With And Without Diabetes Mellitus Type2

اسم المؤلف: لمياء شاكر عاشور

اسم المشرف: طارق محمد علي رجب الحكيم حامد غفوري حسن

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يتضمن هذا الفصل مقدمة عن المركبات الدوائية الاتية وطرائق تقديرها وهي : • الترايفلوبيرازين هيدروكلوريد Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride • طرائق تقدير للترايفلوبيرازين هيدروكلوريد Methods for the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride • الكلوربروم | This thesis consists of four chapters : Chapter one : contains introduction about drug compounds listed below - Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. - Methods for the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. - Chlorpromazine hydrochloride. - Methods for the determination of Chlorpromazine. - Aim of the research.Chapter two The Chapter includes the development of a new sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of a Trifluoperazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride with Sulphanilic acid reagent in a acidic medium pH 1.4 in the presence of Potassium Iodate to produce an intense violet coloured, water soluble and stable product , which exhibits maximum absorption at 544 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the arange 12 to 66 µg.ml - 1 of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride, with a molar absorptivity of 4804 L.mo1 - 1.cm - 1 , Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.01 µg.cm - 2 , relative error range not more than 1.26% , and D.L 0.495 µg.ml - 1. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride in tablets.Chapter threeThe Chapter includes the development of a sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution based on reduction of Fe3+ with Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. The Fe2+ formed is complexed with 2,2’ - bipyridyl at pH 4.2 to produce a red , water soluble and stable complex, which exhibits maximum absorption at 524 nm. Beer’s law obeyed in the concentration range from 2 to 50 µg.ml - 1 of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride. The molar absorptivity is 5284.4 L.mol - 1.cm - 1 and Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.090 µg. cm - 2 , relative error from 1.64 % , and D.L 0.788 µg.ml - 1. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of Trifluoperazine hydrochloride in tablets.Chapter FourThe Chapter includes the development of a new sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of a Chlorpromazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride with Sulphanilamide reagent in a acidic medium pH 3.2 in the presence of Ammonium ceric Sulphate dihydrate to produce an intense violet coloured, water soluble and stable dye, which exhibits maximum absorption at 530 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the arange 6 to 66 µg.ml - 1 of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride, with a molar absorptivity of 2842.28 L.mo1 - 1.cm - 1 , Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.1250 µg.cm - 2 , relative error range not more than 2.49 % , and D.L 1.2028 µg.ml - 1. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride in tablets.

دراسة حركية لتاثير بعض المركبات المخفضة للدهون الثيازينات والثياديازول على الكرياتين كاينيز و3 - هيدروكسي - 3 - مثيل كلوتاريل كو انزيم - اي ريدكتيز في امصال مرضى ارتفاع الدهون والفئران المختبرية التي تم حث ارتفاع الدهون فيها Kinetic Study of The Effect of Some Novel Lipid Lowering Thiazines And Thiadiazole Compounds On Creatine Kinase And 3 - Hydroxy - 3 - Methyl - Glutaryl - Coa Reductase Activities In Sera of Hyperlipidemia Patient’s And Wister Mice With Induced Hyperlipide

اسم المؤلف: تمارة احمد عبد الكريم العبيدي

اسم المشرف: زينب منيب مالك الربيعي غيد حسان عبد الهادي العبيدي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تمثل الستيرويدات فئة هامة من العقاقير الطبيعية وكذلك الصناعية نظرا لقدرتها على اختراق الخلايا واداء بعض الوظائف البيولوجية الاساسية وبشكل رئيسي هي عوامل مضادة للفيروسات ومضادات للاورام. وتقسم الرسالة الحالية على ثلاثة فصول.يمثل الفصل الاول مقدمة عامة حو | Steroids represent an important class of natural as well as synthetic drugs because of their ability to penetrate cells and perform some of the most fundamental biological functions mainly as antitumor and antiviral agents. The present thesis is devided into three chapters.The first chapter represented a general introduction concerning the structures of some potent steroids, and the pathways of the synthetic adrenal steroids as well as their pharmacological importance in medicine, in general. This part is focused mainly also on the pregnenolone as an important potentially active steroid, including its structural modification at the hydroxyl and keto groups at C - 3 and C - 20 and their uses as antitumor agents. Mitsunobu, Suzuki reactions and aldol condensation as well as chalcon formation and their application at steroids have been described. The second chapter is concerned with the experimental work which included different synthetic methodology.The third chapter is the main part of the thesis, described the synthesis of new 3? - pregnenolone ester derivatives at C - 3 via Misunobu reaction of the carboxylic acid derivatives, such as : rhodamin B, indomethacin, naproxen, protocatecuic acid, vanillic acid and p - coumaric acid, which showed inversion in configuration at the ester group at C - 3. In addition, the synthesis of 17 - (4 - chloro - chalconyl)pregnen - 3? - ol has been described, which then treated with various substituted phenylboronic acids such as : 2,4 - difluoro - , 5 - carboxy - 3 - nitrop - ,4 - fluoro, 4 - thiomethyl - , 4 - hydroxy - , 2,4, - dimethoxy - , 4 - trimethylsilyl, 2 - triflouromethyl - , 3 - cyano, 4 - ethoxyphenyl boronic acids under Suzuki cross - coupling reaction conditions using Pd(PPh3)4 as a catalyst and Na2CO3 as a base to give the (E) - 3 - (substituted - [1,1’ - biphenyl] - 4 - yl) - 1 - (3? - hydroxy - pregnen - 17 - yl) - prop - 2 - en - 1 - one. Two compounds, 17 - acetyl - 5 - pregnen - 3? - yl) - 2 - (2,6 - bis(diethylamino) - 9H - xanthen - 9 - yl)benzoate, and 17 - ((E) - 3 - (4 - chlorophenyl)acryloyl) - 5 - pregnen - 3? - yl) - 2 - (2,6 - bis(diethylamino) - 9H - xanthen - 9 - yl)benzoate have been synthesized via coupling reaction using DCC as a coupling reagent to afford these ester with retention in configuration, aiming to study their fluorescence properties. Moreover, tritylation of the pregnenolone has been described to protect the alcohol at C - 3 during the structural modification of keto group at C - 20 under basic medium. The structures of all the synthesized compounds have been assigned from their 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY) spectroscopy as well the as theoretical calculations of the HOMO and LUMO energies of the trans and cis isomers of the chalconyl pregnenolone aryl derivatives to compare them with the NMR data, which showed that trans isomer is energetically more favoured.Furthermore, the flourescence proroperties of the two rhodainyl pregnenolone esters have been studies which one show remarkable quantum yield (?F) in comparison to Rhodamin B itself.The anti - HIV activity of some arylated chalconyl pregnenolone derivatives have been studies and one of these analogues having diflouro substituents exhibited remarkable activity against HIV - 1 and 2. Therefore, the molecular modeling study of this analogue is performed and showed two hydrophobic interactions and one hydrogen bonding with the amino acids residues of the reverse transcriptase enzyme of HIV.

تحسين حماية التاكل للمعادن (الخارصين، النحاس، الالمنيوم، الحديد الكربوني والحديد المقاوم للصدا 316) في ماء البحر الصناعي باستخدام الطلاء بالمواد النانوية Corrosion Protection Enhancement Of; Zn, Cu, Al, Carbon Steel And Stainless Steel 316 In Artificial Seawater By Coating With Nanomaterials

اسم المؤلف: رائد عبد شاكر محمود

اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم محمد علي جبر السامرائي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: الهدف من هده الدراسة هو تقدير تاثير بعض مشتقات الثياديازول والثيازين الجديدة التحضير على فعالية كل من الانزيمين الكرياتين كاينيز و3 - هيدروكسي - 3 - مثيل كلوتاريل كو - انزيم اي ريدكتيز بالاضافة الى قياس صورة الدهون في مرضى ارتفاع الدهون والفئران المختبرية | The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of some novel prepared derivatives of thiadiazole and thiazine on the activities of creatine kinase (CK) and 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl CoA reductase(HMGR) in addition to lipid profile in sera of hyperlipidemic patients and in mice induced hyperlipidemia by feeding cholesterol rich diet.The study includes two parts; in vitro study : Sixty individuals with age ranged between (40 - 60) years were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups; first group (G1) consists of 30 healthy individuals as a control group with body mass index (BMI) (25.67). The second group (G2)consists of 30 patients with hyperlipidemia and BMI (26.48) which diagnosed by physician. The patients attended the Ibn - Al Naphes hospital during November 2013 to February 2014. Patients with high blood viscosity, diabetes mellitus, renal failure as well as those who are under treatment with statins were excluded. The serum which obtained used in the determination of lipid profile[total cholesterol(Tch),triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL - c), very low density lipoprotein(VLDL - c)], fasting blood glucose(FBG), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase(ALT) and C - reactive protein(CRP).Four organic compounds 3 - (4 - (dimethylamino) phenyl) - 2,3 - dihydro - 2 - (3 - nitrophenyl benzo[1,3 - e]thiazin - 4 - one[I], 5 - (4 - imethylamino)benzylideneamino) - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2 - thiol[II], 2 - (4 - dimethylamino)phenyl) - 2,3 - dihydro - 3 - (5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)benzo[1,3 - e]thiazin - 4 - one[III], and N - (4 - (dimethyl amino)benzylidene) - 5 - (isopropylthio) - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2 - amine[IV] were used in this study to test their antihyperlipidaemic ability and their effect on CK and HMGR activities. The results revealed that compounds(III and IV)showed an activation effect in all concentrations on CK and HMGR activities, while compounds(I and II) showed an inhibitory effect in some concentrations for CK and in all concentrations for HMGR. Therefore, compounds (III and IV) were excluded from this study. The results showed that (10 - 4M) for compound I and (10 - 5M) for compounds II give the best inhibition percentage among the other concentrations on CK and HMGR activities which the kinetic study throughout with these concentrations for these compounds. Simvastatin, which considered as standard drug for lipid lowering, was used for comparsion with the potency of compounds I and II on HMGR activity in treatment of hyperlipidaemia. The results showed an inhibitory effect of simvastatin on HMGR activity with percentage inhibition 88%. The effect of compounds (I and II) on ALT and AST were examined in (10 - 4 M) for compound I and (10 - 5M) for compound II in vitro study. The results showed the inhibitory effect of compounds I in concentration (10 - 4 M) and compound II in concentration (10 - 5M) on ALT and AST activities.The Vmax, Km and type of inhibition for compounds I and II on CK and HMGR activities were studied by using Lineweaver - Burk plot. The results showed that also compound I at 10 - 4M was considered to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for CK activity with Vmax values (1000 and 344.82)U/L for uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively and Km value (10) mmol/L. The results also showed that compound II at concentration 10 - 5M was considered to be a competitive inhibitor for CK activity with Vmax value (588.23)U/L and Km values (5.51 and 4)mmol/L for the uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively.In vitro, the effect of compound (I) with concentration (10 - 4M) and compound (II) with concentration (10 - 5M) were examined in vivo study. The study was carried out with sixty male Wister mice aged seven to eight weeks and theirweight were (180 - 200 g) ,obtained from animal house , in College of Medicine, Baghdad University. The mice were grouped as follow : group one (12 mice) as control group, group(2) : consists of 48 mice in which the mice were daily administered cholesterol (25mg/k/day), in coconut oil 6% and creamy cheese for 28 days. Lipid profile were measured for twelve mice chosen randomly from G2 to diagnosis hyperlipidemia. Then group2 is subdivided into three groups as follows : group (2.A) : (12 mice) as positive control group in which the mice were daily administered simvastatin (40mg /day) as standard drug for hyperlipidemia, group 2B : (12 mice) in which the mice were daily treated with (10 - 4)M of compound (I)via drinking water for 20 days and Group(2.C) : (12 mice) in which the mice were daily treated with (10 - 5)M of compound II for 20 days. The results showed significant elevation in levels of Tch, TG, LDL - c and VLDL - c, while there is significant reduction in HDL - c levels in G2 comparing to control group(G1), after administration of fat rich diet. Simvastatin, compound I with concentration (10 - 4M) and compound II with concentration (10 - 5M) were administrated to G2A, G2B and G2C respectively. Also, the results showed that the activities of CK reduced for group G2B and G2C while it is increased for G2A. The results also showed that the activities of HMGR were reduced in the three treated groups. The results revealed that compounds I and II exhibit more potent antihyperlipidaemic effect than simvastatin. Also, compound I showed more potent antihyperlipidaemic effect than compound II.The results revealed that compounds I and II showed a noncompetitive inhibitor effect on CK with Vmax values(1000and 166.6) U/L for uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively and Km value (0.6) mmol/L for compound I, and with Vmax vales (1000 and 250)U/L for uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively and Km value (0.84) mmol/L for compound II.In conclusion, the novel synthetic compounds (I and II) seem to be of interest in the development of new antihyperlipidaemic agents that exhibit inhibition effect on CK while statins cause increase in this enzyme. Also these compounds exhibit inhibition effect on HMGR activity more than simvastatin, which is a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.

تحضير مركبات عضوية جديدة ذات صفات بلورية سائلة Preparing of New Organic Compounds With Liquid Crystalline Properties

اسم المؤلف: محمود عبد الستار يحيى القزاز

اسم المشرف: ابتسام خليفة جاسم

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يهدف هذا العمل لدراسة امكانية طلاء سطوح بعض المعادن مثل الفولاذ المقاوم للصدا 316، الحديد الكربوني، النحاس، الالمنيوم والزنك، بالمواد النانوية لتحسين مقاومة التاكل وذلك باستخدام اثنين من التقنيات، الاولى بواسطة الطلاء بالالياف النانوية لمادة متعدد الانيلي | This work aims to study the possibility of coating the surfaces of some metals such as stainless steel 316, carbon steel, copper, aluminum, zinc, with nanomaterials to improve the corrosion resistance using two techniques, first by coating with polyaniline nanofiber using electropolymerization of aniline monomer and the second technique by TiO2 nanoparticles via sol - gel process starting from titanium isopropoxide. The work focused on getting thin and homogeneous layer to cover the entire surface of the metal and protect it from corrosion in artificial seawater solution (3.5% NaCl) at 293, 303, 313, and 323 K.Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x - ray (EDX), x - ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS), and x - ray diffraction (XRD) were used to diagnose and describe the structure and morphology of the layers that cover the surface of the metals under investigation, and finally the corrosion parameters ;corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current (Icorr), protection efficiency (PE%), polarization resistance (Rp) and the effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency in the absence and presence of polyaniline (PANI) or TiO2 coating at temperature ranging from 293 to 323 K were obtained and expressed as; Ea , ?H*, ?S*, and ?G* of all samples were estimated from Tafel plots using potentiostatic technique.The SEM and AFM images of PANI films reflect nanofibers (diameter from 50 to 70 nm); the thicknesses were measured by special AFM scans. They showed values between )700 to 1564 nm(, which may be attributed to the differences in oxidation - reduction potentials of the metals. The XRD patterns of the deposited PANI showed duplicate broad scattering peaks around 2? of 20? and 25?.The AFM images of TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on specimens revealed that the layer was extremely smooth, the particles are small spherical and the average diameter between 26 and 38 nm.The shifts in Ecorr of the uncoated with comparison of the PANI or TiO2 coated samples were small for; S.S316, C.S, Cu, Al, and Zn which means that the anodic and cathodic reactions affected by the same extent.The Rp of the PANI and TiO2 coated substrate was always more than the uncoated ones that attributed to the weak conductivity of PANI and the semiconducting properties of the Titania. All coated metals with PANI or TiO2 exhibited good degree of corrosion protectiveness. For PANI the PE ranged between 56 and 92 % and the best results was achieved for Zn metal this may attributed to the high corrosion values of the bared Zn, while TiO2 coating showed PE at the range of 68 and 93% and the best was for Al metal. The protection efficiencies showed small changes by increasing the temperature but for TiO2 in some cases the PE somehow increased with increasing the temperature. The data showed that the thermodynamic activation functions (Ea and ?H*) of the corrosion of the coated samples are higher than those of the uncoated ones indicating more energy barrier. The entropy of activation ?S* for the uncoated and coated samples are always negative ,this indicates that the activated complex in the rate determining step represents an association rather than a dissociation step, the measured ?G* values takes positive values and showed almost small change with increasing temperature, indicating that the activated complex was not stable and the probability of its formation decreased somehow with rise in temperature and the ?G* values for coated samples reveal that in the activated corrosion complex becomes less stable as compared to the uncoated specimens.Single cyclic potentiostatic tests conducted at 293 K to follow up the pitting probabilities of each metal in seawater before and after coating. The I - V plots indicated that only SS316 and Aluminium specimens suffer from pitting corrosion and the two types of coating reduces the pitting area of the hysterias loop with pushing the pitting potentials for more positive values

تحضير ,تشخيص, دراسة فعالية مضادة للاكسدة ومضادة للسرطان لمعقدات الذهب (III) مع مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة Synthesis ,Characterization ,Antioxidant And Anti - Cancer Activity Studies of Gold (III) Complexes With Heterocyclic Compounds

اسم المؤلف: اية جمال عبد الحميد

اسم المشرف: فراس عبد الله حسن

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تضمن موضوع البحث تحضير مركبات حلقيه خماسية وسباعية غير متجانسة متنوعة،من خلال اربعة اجزاء هي : الجزء الاول : - تضمن هذا الجزء تحضير مركبات مشتقات 1, 3, 4 - اوكسادايزول من مركب (ثنائي اثيل مالونيت)، كما موضح بالمخطط (1).الجزء الثاني : - تضمن هذا الجزء تحض | This work involves synthesis of different five, and seven membered heterocyclic rings, and divided into four different parts and the reaction steps for each part are summarized as shown below.First part : This part involved the synthesis of 1,3,4 - Oxadiazoles derived from diethyl malonate.Scheme (1).Second part : This part involved the synthesis of Oxazepine , tetrazoles, and thiazolidinone,from 4,4' - ((((methylenebis(1,3,4 - oxadiazole - 5,2 - diyl))bis(3,1 - phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(N,N - dimethylaniline).(Scheme 2).Third part : This part involved the synthesis of 1,1' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(N - substitutedmethanimine) [C1 - 9] from terephthalaldehyde. (Scheme 3). Fourth part : This part involved the synthesis of 1,3,4 - Oxadiazoles derived from terephthalaldehyde and hydrazone carboxamide.In addition, this part deals with the evaluation of antibacterial activities of some of the synthesized compounds. These activities were determined in vitro using disc diffusion method against four pathogenic strains of bacteria (E.coli a, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus.), the results revealed that some of these compounds showed measurable activity. (Scheme 4).The liquid crystalline behaviors of the two series have been examined by means of hot - stage polarizing microscopy for the determination of phase transition temperatures and the type of mesophases. The prepared compounds are characterized through determining their melting points, colors physical properties) and (FT - IR, 1H - NMR,) spectroscopy, (C.H.N.S, DSC) analysis and checked by T.L.C.

دراسة البلمرة الكهروكيمياوية وخواص حماية التاكل لطلاء متعدد البايرول على الفولاذ الكاربوني والفولاذ المقاوم للصدا An Investigation of Electropolymerization And Corrosion Protection Properties of Polypyrrole Coating On Carbon Steel And Stainless Steel

اسم المؤلف: رواء عباس محمد

اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم محمد علي جبر السامرائي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تم تحضير سلسلة من مشتقات 1, 2, 4 - ترايزول بواسطة تفاعلات الغلق ,حضر حامض البنزويك هيدرازايد (1) بواسطة تفاعل مثيل بنزويت مع الهيدرازين ثم تفاعل المركب (1) مع CS2 في محلول كحولي قاعدي ليعطي ملح البوتاسيوم (2). حضر المركب (3) بواسطة غلق ملح البوتاسيوم (2)م | A series of 1,2,4 - triazole derivatives were synthesized by cyclization reaction, the benzoic acid hydrazide (1) was synthesized by reaction of methyl benzoate with hydrazine hydrate then compound (1) was reacted with CS2 in solution of alkali ethanol to give potassium dithiocarbazinate salt (2) , the basic nucleus 4 - amino - 5 - phenyl - 1 - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol (3) was prepared by cyclization of potassium salt (2) with hydrazine hydrate using water as solvent under reflux condition. compound (3) was subjected to addition reaction with different aromatic aldehydes to synthesize Schiff bases (4a,b) which were cyclized by treating with thioglycolic acid to prepare compounds (5a,b).compounds (6) and (7) obtained by cyclization reaction of compound (3) with urea and thiourea. Also in this research, 1,3,4 - thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized by cyclization of thiosemicarbazied with substituted carboxylic acid and sulphuric acid, to yield 2 - amino - 5 - R - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (8). Schiff bases formation (9a,b) were by reflux of aromatic aldehyde with 2 - amino - 5 - R - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (8) in the presence of absolute ethanol. Compounds (10a,b) were prepared by cyclization reaction of compounds (9a,b) with thioglycolic acid.The Synthesized compound were confirmed by their melting point ,FTIR ,U.V - visible ,1HNMR spectra and evaluated for their antioxidant activity by using stable free radical 1,1 - diphenyl - 2 - picryl - hydrazyl DPPH. of all tested compounds. compound (5b) was the most active in all concentrations compared to standard Ascorbic acid with an IC50 value 5.84 ?g/ml. In this study, the cytotoxic effects for compounds (5a),(5b),(6),(7),(10a),(10b) were studied in one cultured cellular models (MCF7 cell line) breast cancer (at different concentration) compared to doxorubicin as positive control by cell viability assay (MMT assay), compound (5b) showed the highest cytotoxicity effect with an IC50 value =56.98?g/ml.Also, we examine the cytotoxic effects of gold III complex (AuL2) of bi - dentate ligand (5a) in one cultured cellular models (MCF7 cell line) by High Content Screening and analysis (HCS). The inhibitory effect of AuL2 on breast cancer cell growth was due to induction of apoptosis as evidenced by Annexin V staining and cell shrinkage. We found that AuL2 - mediated lead to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell membrane permeability, and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. suggesting (AuL2 ) as a potential MCF7 inhibitor. Thus, we suggest that (AuL2) may have therapeutic value in breast cancer treatment worthy of further development. Bis(2 - (4 - Dimethylamino - phenyl) - 3 - (3 - mercapto - 5 - phenyl - [1,2,4]triazol - 4 - yl) - thiazolidin - 4 - one)gold(III) chloride. monohydrate

تحضير وتشخيص المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة الجديدة والمشتقة من الجالكونات Synthesis And Characterization of New Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From Chalcones

اسم المؤلف: نبراس مظفر جميل

اسم المشرف: جمبد هرمز توما ضحى فاروق حسين

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يتقصى البحث امكانية الحصول على طبقة طلاء رقيقة ومتجانسة لبوليمر البايرول على بعض السبائك مثل الفولاذ المقاوم للصدا 316 والفولاذ الكربوني بواسطة البلمرة الكهروكيميائية لمونمر البايرول ودراسة امكانية تحسين مقاومة التاكل في مختلف الاوساط البيئية مثل المياه ا | This research focuses on getting thin and homogeneous polypyrrole (PPy) layer on carbon steel (45) and stainless steel (316) alloys by electropolymeriztion procedure of pyrrole monomer, and study the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance in different medias; saline water (3.5% NaCl), acidic media (1M H2SO4) and basic media (1M NaOH) at different temperature of 293, 303, 313 and 323 K. The deposited PPy layer on samples under investigation were examined by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Visible and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV - Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT - IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X - Ray Diffraction (XRD).The corrosion parameters are including corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current (icorr), protection efficiency (%PE), polarization resistance (Rp) and the effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency in the absence and in the presence of PPy coating at temperature ranging from 293 to 323K were obtained and expressed as; Ea, ?H*, ?S*, and ?G* of all samples were estimated from Tafel plots using potentiostatic technique.The SEM and AFM images of PPy films revealed a nanofiber like structure; diameter from 20 to 120 nm, the thicknesses were measured by gravimetric and special AFM scans, they showed values between 1300 to 1450 nm. UV - Vis studies showed that the PPy films exhibit weaker absorption peak at 477 nm and stronger absorption peak at 906 nm and the XRD patterns of the deposited PPy show two peaks around 2? of (43o) and (50o).The shift in Ecorr of the uncoated and of the PPy coated samples are between ( - 600 to - 200 mV) and ( - 200 to 100mV) for CS and SS316 respectively.The protection effectiveness of all PPy coated specimens showed remarkable degree of enhancement, and the %PE ranged between (30 to 80%) for CS and (78 to 96%) for SS316 in all medias.The values of Ea and ?H* of the coated PPy metals are always higher than the uncoated ones which indicate more energy barrier. The negative entropy ?S* for the uncoated and coated samples indicates that the activated complex in the rate determining step represents an association rather than a dissociation step, the measured ?G* values takes positive values and showed almost small change with increasing temperature, indicating that the activated complex was not stable and the probability of its formation decreased somehow with rise in temperature and the ?G* values for coated samples reveal that in the activated corrosion complex becomes less stable as compared to the uncoated specimens.Single cyclic potentiodynamic tests conducted at 293 K to follow up the pitting probabilities of each alloy in all medias before and after coating, the I - V plots indicated that only SS316 in salty media specimens suffer from pitting corrosion and the PPy coating reduces the pitting area of the hysterias loop with pushing the pitting potentials for more positive values

التقديرات الطيفية للمركبات الاحادية والمتعددة للادوية Spectrophotometric Determination For Single And Multi Components of Drugs

اسم المؤلف: مروه صباح يونس

اسم المشرف: خالدة حميد محمد السعيدي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يتضمن هذا البحث تحضير مشتقات جديدة لنوعين من قواعد شف هما نوع وكذلك [XI]a - d والبايارازولون [X]a - d ومشتقات البايارازول، [XIII]a - d و[XII]a - d ونوع جميعها تحتوي على وحدةالايزوكزولين او البيرمدين باستعمال الجالكون [VII]a - d الكوينولين - مادة اساسية. | The work involves synthesis of new two types from Schiff bases ([IV]a - f , [V]a - f and [XII]a - d, [XIII]a - d), pyrazoles[X]a - d, pyrazolones[XI]a - d and quinolones [VII]a - d derivatives containing isoxazoline or pyrimidine unit starting with chalcones. 4 - Bromoacetophenone was reacted with 4 - hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4 - hydroxyacetophenone was reacted with 4 - bromobenzaldehyde and 3 - Aminoacetophenone was reacted with 4 - bromobenzaldehyde or 4 - N,N - dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde in basic medium to give four chalcone compounds by Claisen - Schemidt reaction. The chalcons [I]a - d was reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form isoxazolines [II]a - d, while, the chalcones type [I]c,d was reacted with thiourea to give pyrimidine - 2 - thiones [III]a,b in basic medium. The pyrimidine - 2 - thiones [III]a,b and isoxazolines [II]c,d reacted with 4 - or 3 - substituted benzaldehyde and coumarin to form Schiff bases[IV]a - f [V]a - f and quinoline derivatives[VII]a - d, respectively. On the other hand, compounds[II]a,b or [V]b,f were reacted with ethylchloroacetate in basic medium to get new ester compounds[VIII]a - d.The condensation of new ester[VIII]a - dwith hydrazine hydrate led to produce new acid hydrazide [IX]a - d. The later compound refluxed with 4 - substituted benzaldehyde in ethanol to give Schiff bases( [XII]a - d and [XIII]a - d) ,while the reaction of these acid hydrazides [IX]a - d with acetyl acetone and ethyl aceto acetate led to form pyrazoles[X]a - d and pyrazolones[XI]a - d,respectively. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting points, C.H.N. analysis, FTIR, Mass and 1HNMR spectroscopy(of some of them). Some of the synthesized compounds have been screened for their antibacterial activities using two types of bacteria; E. Coli and Staph. Aureus. All the examined compounds did not show any biological activity towards E. Coli but some of them show activity towards Staph. Aureus.This work can be summarized by the following schemes :

تقدير التعكرية لفصائل منتخبة باستخدام التشعيع بمصفوفة من ثنائي وصلة باعث وبمتحسسات شمسية بتقنية الحقن الجرياني المستمر : دراسة وتطبيق Turbidimetric Determination of Some Selected Species Via The Use of Linear Array Light Emitting Diode Irradiation With Solar Cell In Continuous Flow Injection Analysis : Study And Application

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم حمود

اسم المشرف: عصام محمد علي شاكر الهاشمي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: في هذا البحث تم تقدير المركبات(SMX,TMP,CAF,HYO and PAR) باستخدام المشتقات الطيفية (الاولى , الثانية ,الثالثة والرابعة). على شكل امزجة ثنائية للادوية بواسطة تطبيق التقاطع الصفري كما يلي : 1 - مزيج السلفاميثاكسازول والترايميثوبريم باستخدام المشتقة الاولى و| This research includes determination of drugs SMX, TMP, CAF, HYO and PAR using derivative spectrophotometry (first, second, third and fourth derivative) were developed for binary mixture by applying zero - crossing technique for pure synthetic mixture and their pharmaceutical formulation as follows : 1. SMX with TMP mixture : SMX was determined by applying 1D&4D teach s at 288.0 and 257.8 nm (zero crossing point of TMP) with linear concentration ranges (2 - 30) and (2 - 25) mg/L , r = 0.9996 and r = 0.9992 LOD = 0.750 and LOD = 0.360 mg/L and TMP was determined by applying 4D teach at 251.5 nm (zero crossing point of SMX) with concentration range (2 - 30) mg/L , r = 0.9995 and LOD = 0.382mg/L. The RSD were 0.255, 0.280 and 1.136 for SMX and TMP respectively and applied for (TRIMOL - 400SMX, 80TMP mg) and (METHOPRIM - 400SMX,80TMP mg).2. PAR with CAF mixture : PAR was determined by applying 3D teach at 275.8 nm (zero crossing point of CAF).With linear concentration range (2 - 35) mg/L , r = 0.9987and LOD=0.445mg/L. And CAF was determined by applying 4D teach at 294.7 nm (zero crossing point of PAR). With linear concentration range (2 - 35) mg/L , r = 0.9995 and LOD = 0.162 mg/L. The RSD was 0.222 for PAR and 0.130 for CAF and applied for (PANADOL EXTRA - 500PAR, 65CAF mg).3. PAR with HYO mixture : PAR was determined by applying 1D&2D teach s at 297.4 and 303.5 nm (zero crossing point of HYO) with linear concentration ranges (2 - 30) and (2 - 30) mg/L , r = 0.9998 and r = 0.9987 LOD = 0.081 and LOD = 0.250 mg/L and HYO was determined by applying 1D teach at 215.9 nm (zero crossing point of PAR) with concentration range (2 - 25) mg/L , r = 0.9997 and LOD = 0.091mg/L. The RSD were 0.107, 0.400 and 0.342 for PAR and HYO respectively and applied for (SPAZMOTEK PLUS - 500PAR,10HYO mg). This thesis has mainly been structured in three different chapters, each one containing the following information : Chapter one provides a short historical review with the analytical performance characteristics of UV - visible are described. The applications of UV and DS in pharmaceutical and SMX, TMP, CAF, HYO and PAR analyses and their mixture.the general and specific objectives of thesis are reported. Chapter two corresponds to the experimental part. Reagents, instruments, procedures and detail protocols for the preparation of standard solution and pharmaceutical sample which used in this study are reported.Chapter three contains the experimental results and discussion that lead to the possibility of successful applications which used DS to determine the concentration of each material in drugs.

اسم المؤلف: نجدت رضا حميد علي الخفاجي

اسم المشرف: الهام مجيد الرفيعي

الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى: