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القوى الكبرى واعادة تشكيل النظام الدولي : دراسة في فرضيات الصعود والافول Great Powers And Reforming International System A Study In The Assumptions Of Ascendancy And Decline

المستخلص: Constitute the rotation exponential relationship dimensions positive and negative between the international system over the different stages of the major powers in various manifestations, argumentative and extensive research and one of the main gates of understanding of international relations at the contemporary stage, this relationship has opened ample room for endoscopy and research in but the international system and major powers dramatically, impact, vulnerability and nutrition, nutrition reverse dual between the international system and major powers relationship has alternated according to each stage and this relationship is the main problem of the balance of power in several stages, and when he was urgently needed because of the international system is to be the foundation standard for classification of power arrogance in the world, we became our international system stable and clearly defined in terms of the formation of systemic in different structural dimensions, that the international system is established the concept of structural and quality of states and impose the rhythm of movement for many reasons, notably that the nature of the regime often imposes itself a great obligation for these forces because adopted for fear of imbalance or break up of certain international situation or threat to the status of this or that country. While it is possible that just the opposite is happening as they become the major powers in the zenith of its power is granted international system and give it structure and posed or change the balance, that is, the major powers here are the ruler and the clutch on the decision to change within the system and not vice versa.Of course, and as far as what the major powers and the international system and the issues of restructuring strategy and the required strategic supplies, it became clear manner that does not accept the argument that the concept of power and public and private as has changed helped broadly to re - read the beliefs of the strategic countries in terms of the ups and build self - mechanisms .Importance of the study : Centric importance of the study of it represents an attempt research earnest to form a new theory to explain how they can through the major powers arise strategic detail the destruction, they also offer hypotheses second supplement to the theory of looking at the mechanics of the fading of states and their tracks and provide detailed explanations of the forms of collapse and form, in the sense that the subject of major powers and reshape the international system based on the assumptions of ascent and decline, it represents an attempt to re - read international relations in general and major powers and the international system, in particular in the pot research focuses on the scientific methodology of the measurement, audit and observation and select the tracks.The problem of the study : The study generally runs from the two problems main ways : the first, which is problematic conceptual theory relating to the characterization of and what the big powers and the international system and the nature of the dialectical relationship rotating between the two, the second is problematic current major powers characterization and put it in its proper place according to the hypothesis of ascent and decline and the compatibility of all the power with these hypotheses.The dilemma conceptual first, since the study is trying through, and over the detective and three chapters, the first - the first, second and third - explain what the clash incident between the international system and major powers, as it is trying to study here and across this part of the dilemma that the disintegration of the complex Association about the presence of overlapping relationship is a clear path between the evolution of the international system on the one hand and major powers on the other hand, due to the complexity of the actors and their diversity and change the concept of power and its vocabulary, this relationship appears frequently as a rotational (ie, when they vibrate and weaken the international system, is restored and fed through strategic reaction of major powers on the form of finding a new strategic balance or maintain the strategic balance as and when it weakens the major powers, the system modifying itself in line with the size of the weakness incident to correspond to the requirements and elements of modernization that has occurred in the international environment and gives the stream additional to those strengths that have benefited from the decline in single actors function or polar strategic act also shall be either by maintaining a balance or modify it identifies with the size and manage change).While Applied dilemma second focuses on practical models of major powers and try to determine its position in the international system based on key assumptions that have been developed and adopted a basic criteria for the rise of the big powers and the eclipse, as it dealt with the last three chapters (IV, V and VI) the issue of the status of all power in the international system - models selected - based on the extent of approaching and distancing itself from the hypotheses that have been put forward both in terms of climb or, moreover study focuses in this part of the dilemma defines the shape of the future of the international order based on the data and the reality of the big powers. It is through this dilemma offers a number of central research questions that the study will try to answer them through the next research context, the most important of these questions are : 1. What is the fundamental nature of the relationship between the international system and major powers?2. How can identify the key ingredients that require their presence in the power of any wish to become a major international scope of the system?3. What are the main forms of balance known to international relations throughout history, the nation - state?4. Who are the actors function capable of control in the international system and restructuring?5. How can identify the entrances of change within the international system and who knows this change?6. What is the most important hypotheses that can be through to become a major force on the international scope of the system?7. How can identify the most important hypotheses decline that lead them to collapse?8. Do not slip United States a world power?9. Is Russia today is on its way toward building the same to you mean by itself as one of the poles of the future world again?10. Is China really able to replace the United States? And how?11. What is Japan's new site in the international system?12. What is the future of the international system in the light of data the rise and fall of great powers?Hypothesis of the study : Consistent with the dilemma that have been submitted and research questions that have been submitted and as well as the main hypotheses that have been adopted by the study systematically through the third quarter in an attempt to form a comprehensive theory, the study starts from the assumption president of that on the basis of (that there is a direct correlation "positive + negative" between the regime the one hand and major powers on the other hand. The more major powers more coherent and stronger the more you process the formation of the international system more discipline, and vice versa, the more the international system more solid whenever the major powers to maintain more balance and less likely to change. And branching out from this hypothesis President, two assumptions in two basic subgroups : The first hypothesis : Whenever any major international force backed away from its position, as it was an opportunity to push a new force to fill the vacuum, and this is a dialectical ascent and decline.The second hypothesis : Whenever a major international force backed away from its position as it was an opportunity to reshape the international system according to the new balance of power. This is the dialectical relationship between the international system and major powers.Curricula : The study used the six - round main chapters range of approaches that are used in scientific research on the scope of political science were as follows : 1. The historical approach, which sought the study through used to display the most prominent of the relevant idea of historical experiences and the subject that the researcher wants to clarify, this has been the approach one of the main approaches that have been through it to identify the mechanisms of the fading of the major powers and the conclusion of which many hypotheses have been one of the most important pillars of the study at various stages.2. Analytical Approach : The study used the analytical approach to the study of various plants for several purposes, the most important cases of the dismantling and re - installed in accordance with the main theme of her service, and the support of the conclusions of this approach is based on the basis of scrutiny of reality and studied extensively studied through strategic insight.3. Approach the international system Analysis : It is one of the most major and modern approaches that study sought to focus on it through international structural analysis and situations experienced by the international system and the dismantling of his limbs and its impact, the study was able bumpy this approach to reach many conclusions based on what provided by this approach of the mechanics to understand the phenomenon and absorbed significantly.4. Approach to measure the strength of nations : one of the most important approaches and, most recently that for its research tools have enabled the study to identify the most prominent features of the strength and the weakness of the major powers and greatly helped to explain many of the phenomena and dismantled as it should.5. Future Approach : It is one of the most important methods you used for the purposes of study, the most important of several identifying features scenes of the future of the international system according to the scene forward - looking unconditional. Structural study : As well as the introduction to the study and details and the conclusion and findings, the study contained two doors presidents by six central chapters, the first section by three chapters titled (conceptual framework and theoretical), while Part II came with three other chapters supplement entitled (Applied and future frame).Ensure that the first chapter of the study, which came under the title (the major powers and the international system), the two main two sections (Section I : what the major powers and the international system) while the second part, titled (forms of power in the international system balance).On the other hand Chapter II of the study, which was titled contained (actors in international relations and the entrances to change) on two sections two main (Section I : actors function traditional and new actors function of non - State actors in international relations), while the second section under the title (the entrances to the change in the system international).Also a third chapter of the study, which was titled (hypotheses rise and fall of great powers) of the two main two sections (Section I : hypotheses rise of major powers) while the second part, titled (hypotheses fading major powers).Chapter IV of the study contains two sections and two presidents, who came under the title (the major powers "core" and measuring hypotheses ascent and decline), was the first topic title (the United States) while the second section title (Russian Federation).On the other hand, Chapter V of the study complements the above by two sections presidents under the title of president of the chapter came a (major powers "emerging" and measuring hypotheses ascent and decline), was the first section of the chapter entitled (China), while the second part, titled (Japan) .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم السياسة الدولية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: العلاقات الدولية والسياسة الخارجية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: محمد ياس خضير
اسم المؤلف: علي بشار بكر اغوان

النخبة السياسية في العراق 1958 - 2014 : دراسة في التوجيهات والاهداف The political elites that ruled Iraq (1958 - 2014) studies in trends and goals

المستخلص: The present dissertation consists of four chapters preceeded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion . It sets out from questioning and if the political elites henceforth (P.Es) successivly ruled Iraq for the period (1958 - 2014) are and the same trends and gools ?The dissertation replies This inquiry by hypothesising that the (P.Es) successively ruled Iraq vary in their trends and goals , as each has its own ones . The trends and goals mainle of (P.E) ruled for (1958 - 1963) concentrated on constructing Iraqi state . The (P.E) of (1963 - 2003) was of Arabic national trends and goals . As for the (P.E) came to power in Iraq after 2003 , they are of no clear trends and goals , considering their different national , religions and sectarian trends and goals .To verity of valility of this Aypothesis , Ch1 studies the (P.E) ruled Iraq (1958 - 1963) . Ch2 studies the (P.E) ruled for the period (1963 - 1968) . Ch3 studies the (P.E) ruled Iraq (1968 - 2003) . while Che4 concerns the study for the (P.E) ruled since 2003 till 2014 .The disser tation has come to the following conclusions : First : - the ruling(P.E) of (1958 - 2003) are of persons mostly come from military establishment , with an important exceptions when these elites by headed by civil leaders , as the case with the political (Abdulrhman Al - Bazaz) who became prime minster , and the former Iraqi president (Saddam Hussein) came to power in 1979 as a president. the later , in spite driving himself to the military establish meant by seizing the biggest military rank , he still being actually a civilian .Second : - The (P.E) ruled Iraq before 2003 depended on their own capacities to take the power by making revolutions coups . While the (P.E) came to power after 2003 till the time of concluding this dissertation , depended on external factor represented by USA support to expel the previous (P.E) and substitute it by recent (P.Es) .Third : - The (P.Es) ruled Iraq all over the period specified for the purpose of the present study didn't succeed to a achieve their trends and goals , moreover , they encountered by internal obstacles and the (P.Es) themselves , as well as home and external (regional and international) obstacles .So , we could say the trends and goals that helped (P.Es) to take power , were at the same time reasons behind losing the power , especially before 2003 .After 2003 , the (P.Es) national and sectarian trends and goals were negative factors led rulling system specially and the whole country in general to many economical , political and security problem and crises . the most prominent one is the national and communal political share in rulling Iraq .Finally , the dissertation comes to a list and suggestion , including : - 1 - concerning the future (P.Es) trends and goals it is suggested that the new (P.E) have to adopt popular national trends and goals of all Iraqi people suitable for Iraqi situation , which promots and at the same time supported by the a general unified national identity . the best possible suggested strategy to achieve this to follow the steps and rebuilt state resemble that and ancient Iraqi empires since it unified all Iraqi nation under their title , as no Iraqi Arabs , Kurds and other could deny his Hondo our to be belong to those civilizations .So , we could keep Iraq away from the risk of national and sectarian trends and goals .2 - concerning the mechanism to take the power : - The study suggests that the peaceful exchang of power is that best way must be adapted by the future(P.E) as it is founded by USA in Iraq after 2003, and they must leave the second alternative , i.e the violence to take the power which was the only way the past since 1958 .3 - concerning the political performance , the study concentrates the necessity of correspondence between trends and goals on one hand , and the (P.Es) , performance on the other hand . this could be achieved by adopting reviewing trends and goals periodically by the (P.Es) and reforming these trends and goals to be realistic of applicable within a reasonable and useful period for Iraqi people , not imaginary and Uri realistic like establishing national state , while the existed Arab countries are under the risk of partioning one after one . Neither trying to establish a communal (sinni or Shiite) state while Iraq realy consists of more than one religion or sect .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم النظم السياسية والسياسات العامة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النظم السياسية والسياسات العامة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: ليث عبد الحسن جواد الزبيدي
اسم المؤلف: سعدي ابراهيم حسين

اثـر ادارة نـظام الابـداع الـوطنـي فـي استراتيجية التكيف والسيطرة : دراسة نموذج العراق

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: سرمد زكي الجادر مازن اسماعيل الرمضاني
اسم المؤلف: محمد مصطفى جمعة السعدون

القيادة واثرها في الاداء الاستراتيجي التركي الشرق الاوسط انموذجا Leadership and its Impact on the Turkish Strategic Performance Middle East as a Model

المستخلص: The study addressed the issue of leadership, as one of the important topics in the field of political science, and in strategic studies. Political leaders are to give countries a regional or global status.The political leadership in the country, define the objectives, means of implementation, determine the power and weaknesses of the state, and monitoring the opportunities and difficulties, in the internal and external environment.Turkey, since 2002, witnessed the presence of a leadership with Islamic content, able to convey Turkey than doubled phase to phase power. And headed Turkey, under the control of the Islamists, to pay attention to the Middle East, as a strategic area.The Middle East, as a geographic area, includes : Egypt, Israel, and the Arab Gulf States, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. And some of them add : Pakistan, Afghanistan, Arab Maghreb countries, and Sudan.Turkey lies in the Middle East, and during the period between 1923 - 2002, went secular, aiming to join Europe, and have been associated with NATO and the United States, ignoring its relations with the Middle East.The Islamists after taking power in Turkey, gave their attention to the Middle East, which was considered a pivotal area, to perform as a strategic actor.The study aims to : find a relationship between the role of Islamists leadership and the performance of Turkey in the Middle East. Within the period 2002 - 2020.And that raised the issue of the relationship between : the leadership of the Islamists, and Turkey's role in the Middle East, an important question : Is the effectiveness of the Turkish strategy, during the period 2002 - 2015, in the Middle East, linked to the presence of Islamists in power?The answer, verified the existence of a relationship between two variables. Turkey and the shift towards secular parties will push Turkey towards : a little get away from the Middle EastThe study was divided into three chapters, an introduction and a conclusion : 1. First chapter : (Turkish leadership and strategic perception of the Middle East), and it has to answer the question : How Islamists consider Turkey's role in the Middle East?And address this issue in two paragraphs, first : the theoretical framework for leadership, the relationship between leadership and strategic performance, and leadership connection with the strategic decision making in Turkey, and second : Turkish strategic perception of the Middle East from the aspects of political, security, economic and civilization importance.2. Second chapter (Turkish leadership and strategy in the Middle East). It has to answer the question : What is Turkey's strategic orientation towards the Middle East, and what is the content of the strategic performance?And it headed the study, in dealing with this subject, through three paragraphs : first, focused on variables effect Turkey's strategic performance in the Middle East. And second, it focused on the strategic orientation of the Turkish in the Middle East. And third, the history of Turkish strategic performance since World War II.3. Third chapter (Leadership and the future of strategic performance in the Middle East), and has to answer the question : Will the Islamists continue in the leadership of Turkey till 2023? And whether changes will happen in Turkey's strategy in the Middle East?And it headed the study, in dealing with this subject, through two paragraphs, first : the expected changes, in leadership, during the period between 2015 - 2020, inside Turkey, and second what changes is expected on the Turkish strategic performance, in the Middle East according to changes in leadership
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: باقر جواد كاظم السوداني
اسم المؤلف: محمد عبد الله راضي

السياسة الامنية الامريكية تجاه النظام الاقليمي في الشرق الاوسط بعد احداث 11 ايلول 2001 United States Security Policy Toward The Regional Order In The Middle East After The Events Of September 11, 2001

المستخلص: تعد السياسة الامريكية الخارجية بجانبها السياسي الامني من اهم المفردات التي تشكل احدى ادوات محور البناء والتغيير في منطقة الشرق الاوسط الموسع، وما يليها من مناطق مجاورة ، وذلك بعد انتهاء مرحلة الحرب الباردة، وتغير مراكز القوة العالمية، خاصة مع تصاعد مفاهيم مثل النظام الاقليمي، والاقليمية الجديدة، والامن الاقليمي والتي قد تبرز لتحل محل التعددية القطبية العالمية او على الاقل ستغير من مفهوم الهيمنة الامريكية على النظام العالمي الجديد. ولان القرن الحادي والعشرين بدا امريكيا بامتياز، فان الادارة الامريكية تحاول جاهدة فرض الصبغة الامريكية على هذا القرن حتى نهايته، او على الاقل حتى بداية ضعف الدولة الامريكية. ان منطقة الشرق الاوسط الموسع تمثل حالة من الوفرة في الموارد الطبيعية والديموغرافية فمن المؤكد انها ستمثل حالة من الوفرة ايضا في الخطط الامريكية التي ستؤدي الى تغيير المنطقة وفقا لتطلعات الادارة الامريكية وحلفائها، وبذلك تتناسب منطقة الشرق الاوسط الموسع مع التناغم الحاصل بين فوضى التغيير والنظام الاقليمي الجديد، والتي تمثل افضل السبل لجعل هذه المنطقة المشتعلة دوما باتون الحروب والصراعات اكثر ميلا نحو الاستقرار والسكينة وان تكلف ذلك مددا زمنية ليست بالقليلة او الهينة. وبالتالي فالادارة الامريكية امامها فرصة كبيرة في اعادة خلق المنطقة على وفق تخطيط استراتيجي اداري ناجح يتسم بصيغة المشاركة مع دول منطقة الشرق الاوسط الموسع والسماح بخلق محاور اقليمية جديدة تعتمد على تطوير نظامها الامني وربطه بالسياسة الامنية الامريكية والتي تفسح المجال امام القوة الذكية الامريكية لتؤسس مدارس فكرية جديدة غير بعيدة عن التوجه العسكري الامريكي ولا قريبة من التنازلات الخطيرة التي قد تغير من موازين القوى العالمية . | The American foreign policy is marked with political security one of the most important items that constitute one of the tools of axis construction and change in the broader Middle East, and its next neighboring regions, after the end of the Cold War era, and change centres of global power, especially with the escalation of concepts such as regional system, regional new, and regional security that may emerge to replace the multi - polar world, or at least will change the concept of American hegemony on the new world order , because the twenty - first century the start of U.S. par excellence, the U.S. administration is trying hard to impose American character to the end of this century, or at least until the beginning of the weakness of the American state.The broader Middle East region represents a state of abundance in natural resources, demographic. It certainly will be a case of abundance also in U.S. plans that will lead to change the region in accordance with the aspirations of the U.S. administration and its allies, and thus fit the broader of the Middle East with harmony happening between chaos of change and new regional order, which represents the best way to make this region a flaming always patron wars and conflicts are more inclined towards stability and tranquility and cost periods of time is not uncommon or soft. Thus American administration before a great opportunity to re - create the region according to a strategic planning successful management characterized format engagement with the countries of the Broader Middle East and allow the creation of regional hubs new depends on the development of its security system and link security policy of America, which gave way to smart power American establish schools of thought new non - far from the U.S. military approach does not close serious concessions that may change the global balance of power .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: العلاقات الدولية والسياسة الخارجية
السنة: 2013
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: سمير جسام راضي
اسم المؤلف: ظفر عبد مطر التميمي

معوقات التنمية الشاملة فـي عـراق ما بعد التغيير السـياسي : دراسة في اثر عدم الاستقرار السياسي

المستخلص: Development in Iraq were problematic for the President of the successive regimes in spite of the differing motives and justifications have adopted a system in which to proceed, under the former regime was one of development solutions for the political legitimacy required to continue in power, and this is a natural fact that the Development Gateway always explains that contribute in giving some of the legitimate authority in the event it was not in accordance with the generally accepted elements of legitimacy and the most important of which voters choose voluntarily to the ruling authority, for this reason that the former regime began to implement major development during the Sbiniat of the last century is the first decade of the years of his reign, however, that poor Management Authority and the absence of democratic choice and the transformation of the ruling establishment to the individual institution has led to a decline in levels of development, after this process has gradually ceased during the years of the Iraq war - Iran and the subsequent drop in the continuation of the performance of the Iraqi economy by international sanctions imposed by the end of 1990 to show This decline in levels of development through a number of indicators including : deterioration of the Iraqi dinar, a decline in the average annual per capita income and therefore a sharp decline in the gross national product of the state, a gradual increase in the rates of unemployment and the high proportion of the total and starved of manpower, all of which had a bitter reflections indicators of human development, which is a component of overall development, as has the proportion who are literate (Literacy) and a decrease in the average life expectancy and this is what the Twcrh periodic reports of the United Nations and in particular its development program. With the political change that took place in 2003 an international resolution entered a critical juncture of development and perhaps even worse than previous years, if the former regime had been used based on the economic development of the oil wealth to solve the problems of input legitimacy, it is lost under the new system was of course the question of legitimacy with the adoption option the political process as a means of managing power in the country reduced to the question of development in the context of the provision of public services did not take place in this new political climate as a priority after Zahmtha other issues dominated the scene, despite the stated intentions of both the U.S. administration, which came to rule Iraq for about year or by the successive governments have been promising the reconstruction of Iraq and bring about comprehensive development in accordance with an international program along the lines of historical precedents of the heritage inspired by Japanese and German experiences, however, that the events that followed the political change and the reality of this project was postponed because of the continued deterioration of the situation of security and the rise of political conflicts potential between the parties to the political process and turned out to be a sectarian tensions so that the issue of development is not included in the government program, or it turned out to be just one small service delivery policies of local councils, in the sense that the latest development as planned according to a certain extent of time for a change in the social and economic realities as one of the central policies of the State Supreme ignored for the benefit of priority of security that drained a large part of the state budget in previous years remained in the funds allocated for development in the budget is weak and did not meet the real needs. It was the lack of political stability in Iraq is not in the greatest impact of causing FP stop the development process but also the decline of instability Fmkrjat, which were represented in the absence of consensus on government policy and the transformation of the sectarian tension to a civil war which lasted more than a year led to the spread of administrative corruption in state institutions because of poor oversight and accountability mechanisms result concerns the problem of security, which has become the obsession of both the state and the citizen, which in turn has led to disruption of the majority of reconstruction projects, as well as the flight of national capital to markets abroad in search of a more secure, without forgetting that Iraq's transition to a sustainable environment for the violence to make of foreign investment, both in its direct or indirect is not contained at all. On this basis, the security requirement is most urgent is the need for (for the citizen - the voter) and the legitimacy of the government is subject to its ability to provide a more secure environment which reveals a change in political behavior is the re - ordering of priorities in the collective mind on the basis of the prevailing circumstances so that it is to live in completion of a more secure environment proves the legitimacy of authority, and perhaps this new hierarchy of priorities in the collective mind has provided more space for corruption to become the administrative status of the membership of the inherent structure of the Iraqi state, have contributed significantly to the failure of development plans, on the basis of the fact that the conditions are intended to set priorities , development will become a political demand of voters where there is a safe environment so as to become synonymous with the legitimacy of their authority in the implementation of this requirement.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النظم السياسية والسياسات العامة
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: صالح عباس الطائي
اسم المؤلف: جواد كاظم كطان الشمري

الحكم العالمي في دراسة العلاقات الدولية بعد الحرب الباردة Global Governance In The Study Of International Relations Post Cold War Era

المستخلص: For a long time, governance was a syndrome of state sovereignty; the authority of governing all aspects of life in the frame of its regional existence. Its continuous pursue is that all remains under full control, in addition to its refusal to any foreign interference. Therefore the concept of a sovereign nation - state stood as an obstacle facing the process of dividing the authority of the state or even thinking of adopting any role opposite to that of its own. At the same time reality proves that no local or international tools have been developed in order to limit or hinder the power or authority of the nation - state. In that light there hasn't been a significant differentiation between the terms government and governance in the context of social sciences; governance never reached beyond the action of governmental institutions in a certain state. Both terms have been interchangeably used in their meaning and indication when dealing within the frame of nation state authority. This comprehension reflected on the subject of governance in international relations; studies appeared to attenuate centralized governance on international relations in order to reach peace, justice, no war, and organizing international affairs in the same manner of exercising them from inside the state; a vision that ultimately led to suggesting ideal theorists the concept of global governance in its different features.As globalization grows, it becomes more difficult for a state to exercise unlimited domination or produce an absolute social module that could be followed and scrutinized in an authoritarian way on its own and or territory. This kind of control has become totally unpractical. No matter how many institutions a state could build or laws it can legislate, it still remains short of imposing full control on its own lands. This crisis that hit the sovereign country accompanied the reality of governance sharing by other states. These out comers take part in setting standards and building basics and sometimes they might compete and triumph over the mother state itself. What was said represents the local level, and when speaking on the global level, globalization induced other forms of governance and authorities in the field of world policy, including the horizontal and vertical interactions ; sub state, supra state , and trans state, also including organizational initiatives presented by market institutions and the campaigns held by the international social movements. There is a focus on breaking the limits of a single state and heading towards a globalized governance system because of the narrow angle that conventional itself in when compared to a globalized system that enjoys trans - border reactions and exchange that seem to need more than a state's regulations to be controlled. At the same time many issues and problems came to surface that require international intervention. Awareness has also been raised concerning global threats that demand international action. Therefore the dominance of the nation state is gradually transforming towards to (post - national sovereignty) since it is losing its capacity to withhold its public affairs on both the local and international level. In addition to different sides emerging and taking a vital role in what was strictly in the hands of the nation - state alone. Representatives of nation - states today are obliged to be partners when exercising authority, with international organizations, multinational corps, and trans - national political and social organizations or movements in addition that those sides have a rising role in crystallizing interior affairs. This picture led to the demise of the main sign of conventional sovereignty in the past : borders and territory capture. In the light of what was mentioned above, researchers in the field of international relations, especially after the cold war, started the pursue to define modules other than that of a nation - state, as an alternative system. They developed their ideas and theories concerning global governance, and considering it the new analytical concept that describes world politics and power being spread and divided upon global level. Moreover, some researchers considered this a theoretical alternative for international relations perspectives.From this point, it becomes clear, why research in global governance is such an important issue. Since it is the theoretical alternative that could explain the breaking of states' power and how it spreads along different levels. Instead of the conviction that the nation - state reached its end socially and politically, and the retreat of its power, and the opinions that support the transformation of the state's powers and their direction towards a unified hierarchical structure (world government), theorists found a middle position between the chaotic demise of the nation - state and the central grip of the global government, by being more realistic and to the ground. They headed towards the global system that depends on different participating sides in managing state affairs. In addition to the importance of studying global governance by presenting explanations that apply to the global changes. Conventional analysis proved to be short from interpreting those changes in a realistic manner.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم السياسة الدولية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: العلاقات الدولية والسياسة الخارجية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: قاسم محمد عبد علي الدليمي
اسم المؤلف: اياد هلال حسين الكنانـي

الاصلاحات الدستورية في الدول العربية (1991 - 2007) CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMATIONS IN ARAB STATES (1991 - 2007)

المستخلص: بدات الدعوة الى الاصلاحات الدستورية في الدول العربية منذ التغييرات الكبرى التي حدثت في العالم، خاصة في العقد الاخير من القرن العشرين بعد تفكك الاتحاد السوفيتي والكتلة الاشتراكية، وانهيار نظام القطبية الثنائية بانفراد الولايات المتحدة الامريكية في الساحة الدولية وطرح ما يسمى بالنظام الدولي الجديد، هذه الهيمنة السياسية والاقتصادية دفعت الى تصاعد الدعوات الى الاصلاح الدستوري ضمن اطار شعارات الديمقراطية وحقوق الانسان، وبناء مؤسسات المجتمع المدني وازدادت هذه الدعوات بشكل كبير بعد احداث 11 ايلول 2001 . وفي هذا السياق فقد مثل الاصلاح الدستوري في الدول العربية نوع من الاشكالية من خلال التناقض بين ما هو وطني وما هو عالمي، اذ ان الترابط ما بين مطلب الاصلاح وبين مطلب وضع الدستور وتعديله، هو ترابط تاريخي له ضرورات واقعية، فمن ناحية لا يمكن ضمان واستمرار واستقرار عملية الاصلاح بغير دستور يحميها، ولكن ليس الدستور فقط هو الضامن لعملية الاصلاح، اذ ان الدستور مهما كان صريحا واضحا، الا انه لا يمكن ان يضمن عملية الاصلاح الا اذا توافرت الارادة السياسية للنظام السياسي على البدء فيه او الاستمرار في دعمه وتطويره، فالاصلاح الدستوري هدفه احداث تغييرات ملموسة في بعض او جميع نصوص الدستور تقود في النهاية الى الاصلاح الشامل، اذ لا يمكن ان يتحقق اي اصلاح بدون اصلاح للدستور، ويتم ذلك من خلال وجود دستور يحدد العلاقة بين الحاكم والمحكوم وكيفية تشكيل السلطات العامة، وما مدى صلاحية هذه السلطات وما هي العلاقة بين كل سلطة واخرى، وان يكون هناك نص واضح يبين الحقوق والحريات العامة للمواطنين، واذا كان هناك دستور تجاوزه الواقع، فلا بد ان يتم اصلاح ذلك الدستور لينسجم مع الواقع القائم. وهنا يطرح الاصلاح الدستوري بهدف اصلاح القواعد الدستورية التي تشير عن سيطرة سلطة ما على بقية السلطات، او انتهاك حقوق المواطنين وحرياتهم، او تكريس نظام حكم معين. اما الاليات العملية لاصلاح الدستور فتنص عليها قواعد الدستور، وهي تختلف صعوبة او سهولة بحسب مرونة الدستور او جموده. كذلك فان الدستور هو انعكاس للظروف التي تعيشها الدولة، وعليه فلابد من تعديل نصوصه بما يتماشى مع تلك الظروف، والا حدث انفصام بين النص والواقع. اذ ان كثيرا من الدول العربية تخشى من اثارة فكرة اصلاح الدساتير رغبة في تحقيق وحماية الاستقرار، كما لو كان الاصلاح مهددا او معرقلا للاستقرار، وكيف ان الاصلاح قد يكون مطلوبا من اجل الاستقرار، وان عدم القيام بالاصلاحات الدستورية، او مقاومة متطلبات الاصلاح كثيرا ما كان من اسباب تهديد الاستقرار، وبذلك فقد اصبح الاصلاح الدستوري في الدول العربية هدفا ضاغطا وتحول شيئا فشيئا مع انكشاف ضعف الانظمة الحاكمة في الدول العربية وعجزها عن موازنة الضغوط الخارجية والداخلية، من خلال طرح اشكالية جديدة تتعلق بالعلاقة بين دور الداخل ودور الخارج في تحقيق الاصلاح الدستوري وضمان تقدمه ونجاحه.اهمية الدراسة : يعد الدستور اعلى مؤسسة قانونية في المجتمع، حيث يتضمن قواعد العمل السياسي المشترك ما بين كل قوى المجتمع للانطلاق منها وعبرها الى البرامج المختلفة لتلك القوى في داخل المجتمع عند الوصول الى السلطة، لذلك جاءت اهمية الدستور السياسة في الزام والتزام من في السلطة بتلك القواعد عند الممارسة السياسية. ان اجراء الاصلاحات الدستورية يقود الى ضرورة قبول كل قوى المجتمع بها، والزام الحكام بتطبيقها من خلال اولا الاتفاق على تحديد مجالاتها وثانيا السعي الى تطبيقها لمواكبة التحولات على الصعيدين الداخلي والخارجي.هدف الدراسة : تهدف الدراسة الى تتبع عملية الاصلاح الدستوري في الدول العربية منذ عام1991 - 2007، والمجالات الاكثر حضورا في تلك العملية. اضافة للبحث في مشاريع الاصلاح غير المنجزة ومجالاتها، ومعرفة التاثير السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي لتلك الاصلاحات ومعرفة دوافعها الداخلية ومحدداتها الخارجية.فرضية الدراسة : تقوم الدراسة من اجل بلوغ اهدافها على فرضية اساسية مفادها : ان الاصلاحات الدستورية هي حاجة ملحة لمواكبة التحولات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية في اي دولة، وقد تبنت الدول العربية مجموعة اصلاحات دستورية منذ عام1991 الى عام2007، الا ان هذه الاصلاحات ركزت بالدرجة الاولى على متطلبات المجتمع الدولي من جهة ومنح الحكام صلاحيات اوسع من اجل ضمان البقاء في السلطة اطول فترة ممكنة. ومن اجل اثبات ما جاءت به الفرضية، كان لابد من الاجابة عن التساؤلات التالية : 1 - ما هي خصائص الدساتير التي يمكن اجراء الاصلاح عليها؟2 - ما هي التحولات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية التي تفرض عملية الاصلاح؟3 - هل للعوامل الخارجية اثر في توجهات الاصلاح الدستوري في الدول العربية؟4 - ما هو دور السلطات الحاكمة في تحديد مجالات الاصلاح الدستوري سواء على الصعيد الاجتماعي - الاقتصادي - السياسي؟5 - هل كان لمطالب المعارضة السياسية دور فاعل في عملية الاصلاح ومجالاته؟6 - هل افرزت هذه الاصلاحات عن نتائج ايجابية، ام بقيت غير مفعلة مبتعدة عن الواقع الاجتماعي - الاقتصادي - السياسي؟ منهجية الدراسة : ان المنهج هو الطريق الذي يودي الى الكشف عن حقيقة معينة، ويكون ذلك عن طريق مجموعة من القواعد والوسائل التي يتبعها الباحث للوصول الى هذه الحقيقة، ولذلك اعتمدت الدراسة من اجل التحقق من صحة الفرضية التي تقوم على منهجين هما : منهج التحليل النظمي الذي يقوم على جمع المعلومات واعتماد المنهج المقارن.اشكالية الدراسة : تبعا لما تقدم ذكره فقد باتت اشكالية الدراسة واقعا عمليا بين السبب وتفاصيله من ناحية الاصول والصياغة اذ تتجسد في تساؤلات عدة تضمنت : - ما هي الفائدة التي عادت على الدول العربية مما يطلق عليه بالاصلاح الدستوري؟ - وهل ما تم من تغيير او تعديل على نصوص الدستور يعد اصلاحا دستوريا حقيقيا؟ - وما هي القوى السياسية التي دفعت باتجاه القيام بتلك الاصلاحات الدستورية؟هيكلية الدراسة : تقوم الدراسة على هيكلية تتكون من مقدمة واربعة فصول وخاتمة وهي كالاتي : - الفصل الاول خصص للاطار النظري والمفاهيمي اذ سيتناول الاصلاح ومجالاته، من خلال ثلاثة مباحث. - الفصل الثاني فقد خصص للبحث في نشات وخصائص الدساتير في الدول العربية، من خلال ثلاثة مباحث . - الفصل الثالث فقد تناول دوافع الاصلاح الدستوري في الدول العربية من خلال مبحثين. - الفصل الرابع تناول الاصلاحات الدستورية ومشاريعها المستقبلية، من خلال مبحثين . | The interest of this study stand on the main changes that happened in the world, exclusively after the soviet union decline and socialist block, and the USA as a unipolar international system. The new world order pushed the states to take the constitutional reformation as one of the main issues, this issue developed after the 11 Sep. events and what were Arab States accused for it. The Constitutional reformation in Arab states occur between what's was democracy and what was nationally. And there was relationship between any reformation and the political will. Many of Arab states afraid to provoke the idea of constitution reformation in order to achieve and protect their stable. Because the Arab political regime saw that any constitutional reformation may threat their presence. Moreover the reformations goals in these states discovered it's weakened. Here, set some questions are : - What are the benefits that belong to Arab states from the constitutional reformation? - is what change to constitution considered as a really constitutional reformation? Study structure includes four units abstract and conclusion as below : - Unit one : aspects and theoretical frame in three chapters, the first : the aspects of reformation, second : reformation sides and its similarity aspects, third chapter : the constitutional reformation and its similarity aspects. - Unit two : the born and characterize of conditions in three chapters, first chapter : the beginning of constitutions born, second : the method of Arab constitutions, third chapter : the Arab states constitutions characteristics. - Unit three : the constitutional reformation in Arab states into two chapters, the first chapter : the legal, political, social and economic internal motivation, The second : political and economic external motivation of constitutional reformation. - Unit four : the constitutional reformation and its future protect into four chapter, first chapter : the political side, the second chapter : the social sides, human rights and public liberty, third chapter : economic sides and the last chapter : the main conditional reformation projects. Ended with abstract, conclusion and recommendations.Study conclusion : 1 - The Arab political regime has not the devise and will enough to act the constitutional reformations because they thought that and reformations threat their presence.2 - The importance of the Arab states constitutional reformation is very necessary because of threats and challenges that occur around them.3 - The constitutional reformations in many Arab states come from the political leadership alone and represented the decision maker vision in every change, after and remove constitutional provisions.4 - Major of constitutional reformation in Arab states occurs with isolation to their people and it seeks to control the power in one side without any participation in their life.5 - It's needed judicial and legislature reformations without any political obstacles that stop it like curfew.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم النظم السياسية والسياسات العامة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: النظم السياسية والسياسات العامة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: مها عبد اللطيف حسن الحديثي
اسم المؤلف: حازم صباح احميد

السياسات الصناعية والمزايا التنافسية في ظل المتغيرات الدولية : دراسة حالة الصناعات التحويلية العربية Industrial Policies And Competitive Privileges with International changes - Studying the State of Arabic Manufacturing Industries

المستخلص: ost of the countries in the world including the growing ones have carries out general repetition to their economical policies especially (industrial Policy) in order to be ready for facing any changes taking place and to be ready for 21st century just as looking for a place in international economic that its main sources distributed between liberation of international trade and probing deeply in details of excellent techniques.For this reason the computational abilities formed basic necessity for the state as well as for single producer and became train which drawing all other changes with it.The growing countries have realized these facts lately so they tried to improve their economic by depending on supposed forms of patterns that are published by international institutions (IMF, IBRD) in order to maintain or change the form of economic.The industrial sector did not be far from these changes but it was the important element of them especially that the policies of specialization amid it directly in order to reduce the support to this sector (Whether it includes goods for special or general benefit).And here the philosophy of change lies which means reducing the shortage in general budget of the state and prepare it to pay tits payable debts.We must refer here to the influence of (WTO) which affects all economic sectors including industrial one so that the liberation of international trade will dispose industrial goods in all countries to difficult challenges.The industrial policies used in Arabic countries led to emphasizes the deficion in form of their changing industries which made them lose the opportunity to support their competition abilities in order to face change that happened in international economic.This study depends on the program of research deals with general to special according to its point of view that all national (Local) and international environment play an important role in trace changing industry in addition to that it depends on description methods to analyze economical changes.The study has been divided to four sections, the first one included the main international changes that characterized last century such as establishment of many economical collections and organizing new agreements for international trade.The second section deals with economical policies and competitive ability international trace.Part of this study presents analyzing for the effects of industrial laws within the organization of international trade and possible profits which will given by general agreement of growing countries.This third section deals with challenges of international environment that faces Arabic industries and formal problems which they are suffer from as a result of general policies and changeable role of state. It deals also with what consider as a chances for region to improve the industrial sector.And work hardly to draw some important characters for industrial strategy to Arabic countries in order to support Arabic industrial abilities.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: العلاقات الدولية والسياسة الخارجية
السنة: 2004
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: وصال نجيب عارف العزاوي عبد علي كاظم المعموري
اسم المؤلف: ثائر محمود رشيد العاني

المكانة الدولية للهند في القرن الحادي والعشرين THE INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF INDIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY

المستخلص: Many scholars have dealt with the conflict of the regional powers and the major international powers in South - Asia Region on various aspects. The Indian military and nuclear capabilities are considered major fields of political studies. Such research is conducted in the framework of the Indian political system, the Indian relationship with the Arabic Gulf countries and the role of the rising powers in strategic balance. Indian international status in the 21st Century is the main issue of the current study. These academic efforts are aiming at defining the strategic capacities that India has, since its role in the Asian - region shows a kind of dominance. Moreover India is not only a regional rising power but has a distinctive international role with the ambition of occupying a permanent seat in the United Nations. The importance of the theme of the current study can be summed up as an attempt to approve the following questions : What are the Indian potencies?What are the main issues affecting the international status of India in the post cold war era?And finally, what are the future outcomes becoming out of the international status of India in the 21st Century? Indian technological, economic and social developments can be considered the fruits of its democratic political system. Despites all multi - cultured nature with language and religion varieties, India established a strong democracy. This affirms an effective foreign political act to state India as a regional and international dominant power in the 21st Century.The study sheds light on certain basic dimensions showing the Indian political will of having the most affective external political act in and outside its region. It is clear that India is promoting a future international status in the post cold war era. The problematic issue includes an investigation of all the internal and external variables affecting the status of India. Internal ones include various political, economic, military, as well as social strengthening potencies. While the external ones are either regional or international. The first are focused on the Indian role in a direct conflict with Pakistan and China as part of its continuing struggle for power over prominent strategic issues. But India has very distinctive cooperative relations with both The United States of America and Federal Russia. It also has a very large bilateral economic cooperation with both Japan and Australia. The future prospects more points for powerful Indian role in the 21st Century.The study falls into four chapters. Chapter One deals with the theoretical frame. It is an introduction divided into two sections. The first section includes the conceptual bases, presenting the terminology of status such as the role, function, and position. Moreover a definition of the regional and international systems and their targets. The second section deals with the main political, military economic and social objectives and principles of the Indian strategy. Chapter Two deals with International potencies of India which are geographic, social, political and economic. All these show the impact of internal and external factors on the rising international political role of India.Chapter Three restricts the scope of the study to the post cold war era. Chapter Four prospects a future perspective of the Indian international status in the 21st Century. This shows three scenes : the first is the Indian dominance, the second is the Indian - American coalition and partnership, and the third is the Indian part in international alliance. Consequently India has spiritual as well as materialistic capacities enable it to achieve a very influential international role. The current study proves the hypothesis that India's potencies whether internal or external increase its international role and make it more effective. The researcher has arrived at some conclusions and presents a review of the main points, they are mainly : 1) Indian ambition never stops on the regional bordered limitations. It is not considered only a regional dominant power. And it has far challenging economic, military and political prominence over its neighbour, Pakistan. But it is an international power making efforts to get a permanent seat in the United Nations. 2) Indian - Pakistani relation in the post cold war era has been a continuation of the pre cold war relations. It is based on mistrust, violence and instability heading to arm struggle rather than cooperation. This makes it a more strategic manipulator in the region. While the Indian - Chinese relation is colored with cooperation supported by many Governmental official visits on both sides. Though these countries are still competing for a more influential regional role. 3) There is a wide range of mutual interests between India and the United States of America. This is resulted in a strategic collision to achieve their interests in economy, military and politics. Moreover India has established good friendship with Russia on every aspect to serve their regional interests.4) India has an effective role in the Asia - Pacific region that is limited due to the regional strategic balance. Indian diplomacy has accomplished a lot to achieve mutual understanding and stability in the region. Its part in the Pacific - APEC Economic Forum has helped a great deal to insure Indian economic as well as political status.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: صالح عباس الطائي
اسم المؤلف: تـلا عاصم فائق

التطور التكنولوجي والحرب Technological Development and War

المستخلص: There is no doubt that the study of one of the future phenomenon , is a process of scientific research , starting from the past of the phenomenon , passing by it's present to look for it's future prospect and factor of change in it . The national security adviser to president (Carter) (Zbigniew Brzezinski) mentioned that (Future can and must be planned , without careful choice , change may cause anarchy) . In reference to the need to predict the future and a willingness to deal with it's variables .War , is one of the phenomena that accompanied time in all it's different dimensions , past and present and future . It is very old because it emerged with the emergence of human societies since the dawn of human civilization , and continues to the present day , and will remain to along time , as far as those communities remain . It is part of human nature which can not be changed , and the highest forms of conflict to resolve the contradictions . Reality proved the incorrectness of that point of view which has been spread after the end of the cold war in (1991) and resulted in apoint of view which stated that the phenomenon of the international conflict in general , including the phenomenon of war , will become a phenomenon of the past , or that the future wars will be conventional wars , the human is still in their planetary - level enough to destroy their planet hundreds of times , but that the land no longer satisfy their appetite and military instincts for destruction , and instead it is transmitted to space and stars war .In a world where technological development has become the key to progress , and competition intensified through technology , and which influence will be extended to the political , strategic and economic aspects , and working towards making technology a controlling factor which qualifyes it's adapter to have the control in any other field , the persistence of the war phenomenon makes it's study and understanding , as asperate which has it's rules and laws and governed by it's specific circumstances , and as a field generated and influenced by various political , economical and social fields , a vital issue , not only to the specialists , since that the management of the war and the development of strategies , is no longer the prerogative of the generals , but these strategies draw on the table of tables , rallied around the leaders , generals , technicians , scientists and the educated , even in the most developed countries . we do not mean that the study of war is a study of battles and military campaigns or to identify the types of weapons and others , but also be studied at a higher level which the level of strategy , operations and tactic .From here stems the problem of the study , that the future wars will view dramatic developments turnes concepts and standards known to the military affairs on it's head , as a result of the accumulation of the impact of the diversity and the evolution of multi - output revolutions , like technology , information , media and economy revolution , and other revolutions that have passed automatically to the military arenas . The contribution of the expert systems and equipments of artificial intelligence and neural networks and X - ray laser , as well as the robot and super computer in defining the target and turning it in moments , in addition to the contribution of algorithm schemes and communication equipment , as well as the development of theoretical and applied science in facilitating the full implementation of war training ahead of time , in a way that enhance success factors and causes of failure . Those contributions are important which lead us study this subject through raising main question : - How future wars will be with the development of military technology , and its recruitment in the means and tools of war ?To answer these questions , the study started from a hypothesis referring to that the recruitment of the technological development for military fields with armed forces , will alter the nature of future war , so that they accommodate with the challenges posed by the third wave at the military level . In the context of answering the question mentioned above, more than one method have been adopted , according to the requirements of the study , for example , including a historical approach in the study of campaigns and battles which have had a significant impact in the development of means and tools of war , and the diversity of strategies and tactics . and also a functional approach to search in the functions and contributions of the new fields of technological development . and also the future approach to predict some elements of future wars , with the benefit from the expertise of modern wars in the last decade of the 20th century , and the first decade of the 21 century . In the light of the hypothesis which has been put forward, and in order to demonstrate it , this thesis will be structured into four chapters provided to answer the question raised , in addition to a conclusion . In chapter one , I have had to study the technology and the war as a conceptual framework , the first section dealt with the concept of appealing against the terms of concepts and approach , while the second section dealt with the dialectic relationship between the two terms , and their effect on policy .Chapter two studied technological development and war in the 20th century in two sections . It tackled the development and war until the second world war in the first section . and during the cold war in the second.Chapter three focused on the development of technology and war after the Cold war and it's impact on military affairs , to deal in it's first section the new fields of technological development . In it's second section , it dealt with revolution in military affairs .Finally , the fourth chapter studied the technological development and the wars of the first decade of the 21 century , to deal in its first section the war waged on Iraq on 2003 as a case study . and the future of technological development and war , in its second section . In addition to the conclusion , summarizing the content of the thesis , and it's deductive and recommendations.It should be noted , that the study of the technological revolution and future wars , is not without a number of difficulties , such as : - The confidentiality of information relating to military affairs , in general , and the war strategies and management , specially . - Limitations and the obsolescence of the available information on the subject of study , particularly with regard to the phenomenon of war . the scarcity of information available in the base , and the descriptive nature of the شwars in the depths of history , each with their own conditions , and are leaving room for doubt one of the difficulties in the future research of this phenomenon .In the end , I ask God Almighty to make the pragmatic scientific work that involves service to the nation , the paper finds it's place in our Arabic library .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: العلاقات الدولية والسياسة الخارجية
السنة: 2010
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: لبنان هاتف الشامي
اسم المؤلف: براء عبد القادر وحيد محمود

مستقبل مكانة العراق في التفكير الاستراتيجي الامريكي The future of Iraq's position in American strategic thinking

المستخلص: Importance of the subject : The study of the process of American strategic thinking about the case, but it is the study of the phenomenon of ever - changing, the United States of America to adopt its strategy depending on the nature of each stage pass out, so the future of our study of the status of Iraq in US strategic thinking begin studying the goals of the United States changing in Iraq, according to each down to goals and future determinants of its strategy in this country phase.There is no doubt that Iraq has an advanced position in American strategic thinking, Iraq and by its very nature geo - strategic (political, economic, and security) is a variable influential and influenced by the countries of the regional neighbors and thus on the overall US interests in the Middle East that combines strategic location and stores the energy features, this is perceived by the United States which formulate strategies one after the other.It also highlights the importance of our study of the subject, in many respects, and perhaps most important is the timing, as the current phase is one of the most intense phase of the evolution of the US approach toward Iraq forestry because of the security crisis experienced by Iraq in its fight existential terror that still occupy parts of it, and also because of the development of Middle East fragile region and in this context, this study will try to monitor and identify trends in US strategic thinking and the type of performance that US administration, current and future, to deal with the situation in Iraq in accordance with the objectives of the current strategic interests of the US or to be reformulated if what I thought the US make a lot of efforts to assert its influence in Iraq and gain a foothold permanent military presence have it.This study runs from the specific problem of the effect that there was an officer and future US vision on Iraq factors, particularly the (site of Iraq in the US war on terrorism, the need of the United States for Iraqi oil, the rise of the Iranian role, the interest of the United States in the Middle East) Despite from the fact that these factors are within an environment characterized by liquidity and the pace of change at short ranges, the interests of the United States and its role in Iraq and the size of the threat to make the decline in the status of Iraq is not an option acceptable to the United States of America in the future.According to the problem, this study aims to prove the validity of the hypothesis that there is a direct correlation between the level of place occupied by the Middle East region in the priorities of the US administration and the extent of its involvement in its files that (the war on terrorism, to contain Iran's rising influence, energy security, the security of traditional allies States United American) and the prestige that supposedly enjoyed by Iraq, and for the purpose of proving this hypothesis has to be to answer a number of questions : - What attributes of US strategic thinking and characteristics that distinguish it?What is the importance placed on Iraq in US strategic thinking ? - - What are the main changes witnessed by the strategic direction of the US towards Iraq since the end of the Cold War? - What are the main internal and external variables affecting the future of the prestige enjoyed by Iraq in US strategic thinking ?In light of the foregoing and through our treatment of the subject of the future of Iraq, the US position in the strategic thinking of the elements of this status enjoyed by Iraq is made up of several aspects, according to available upon this country and of the advantages of the elements of power : Politically, the Iraq of the US view is a political gravity force insurmountable within the ranges of the Middle East region, especially if re - training course and adjust the behavior of its political system in the framework of cooperation relations or equivalent US influence, which will make a loop allies of the United States in the region , the economic importance of Iraq constitute oil wealth founded on, and perhaps this side is better explains the intensity of American strategic engagement in the case of Iraq exclusively in the region, on the other hand, the United States control over Iraq's oil and the Persian Gulf gave way to determine global production volumes and volumes of supply and oil prices so on, in making the development of other countries and growth of the economic subject indirectly American supervision, or security interest - the military of Iraq in US strategic thinking, Vtaatoty of the nature of the security environment of the Middle East where there are in the first place, and what is available upon Iraq the stature and impact in achieving military balance of regional security in this region is stable, the one hand, Iraq's position reflected in the security environment, territorial what constitutes a bridge vital links the Gulf states with Iran, it has Iraq has always been an important factor in the inter - relationship between Iran and its environs, as pose security agreements signed between Iraq and the United States in the content of public basic foundation of US military strategy in order to make Iraq a partner of the United States and among its allies in the war on terror.To determine the future of Iraq's place in American strategic thinking depends on the beginning of a series of issues that have a role in tipping Iraq's position or not in the formulation of a comprehensive US strategy for any US administration to come, whether or democratic republic, and most of these issues are : - The status of the Middle East in the American strategy : that the location of Iraq in the heart of the Middle East means self - evident that his place in US strategic thinking is the mortgage status of this region as a whole in the priorities of the American administrations, we have observed that the Middle East, the status of the decline in the US strategy for the South East region Asia - Pacific throughout the era of President Barack Obama has contributed to the decline in Iraq's position in the priorities of this administration, and therefore it would revive the trend of US interventionism in the affairs of the Middle East, again, that Iraq due course to the top of US strategic priorities. - The need of the United States for oil : the United States consume at present a quarter of global oil production, even though it has only 3 percent of global oil reserves, according to the statistics of 2015, saw the years between the years 2013 to 2015 US demand growth oil exceeds demand in China's growth (), so the United States consider to Iraq in the long term as a vital source for the future of energy in the world, as is expected, that Iraq would be his "biggest contribution to a great extent for the growth of global oil supply." , so the extent of the US need for oil will affect how much weight will have in the US strategic thinking. - America's war on terror : In the event of any US administration has decided to increase its involvement in the fight against terrorism, Iraq will remain until the near future is at the center of this war, in the sense that he must be the main square of her, and this intervention will reflect positively necessarily on Iraq, the status of the US American United, one hand is seen by many in the American research and study centers that the jump made by terrorist organizations in 2014 was the result of a full US withdrawal and non - official from Iraq in 2011, the study concluded two scenes prospective potential, namely. - that the United States increase its support and its military presence in Iraq to help in its war on terror in order to reassert its influence and role in the whole Middle East region and to prevent international and regional powers of the competition hegemony or fill US void in Iraq, and also confirmed that the US ambassador former Zalmay Khalilzad that opportunity back US influence in Iraq, large, and that the current data indicate that helping Iraq restore the military balance, the most important steps of the possible adoption by the US administration to support and strengthen relations with Iraq.to see the status of Iraq's decline in US strategic thinking, if it wanted the next US administration apply what he called Ian Bremmer, in his book "Great Powers : three options for the US role in the world," strategy "US Independence", which aims to reduce the United States of its international obligations dramatically, and that revolves around the inside first, and reduce military expenditures, in addition to withdrawing completely from the Middle East, where he sees that it is time for the decomposition of the responsibility for solving the problems of others, the United States is the US is depleted from during its obligations to defend allies
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: لبنى خميس مهدي الربيعي
اسم المؤلف: عمر عبد الجبار كامل الحياني

دور عمليات صنع السلام في حفظ السلم والامن الدوليين بعد عام 1991 The role of peace - making operations in the maintenance of international peace and security after 1991

المستخلص: يعتبر حفظ السلم والامن الدوليين من ابرز الاهداف التي تسعى منظمة الامم المتحدة لتحقيقها, وهذا ما جاء في ميثاقها في عام 1945, وبعد فترة الحرب الباردة , حدث تحول كبير في مفهوم عمليات حفظ السلام , وذلك بسبب توسع مصادر ما يهدد السلم والامن الدوليين, حيث شملت حالات جديدة ومستحدثة لم يتطرق اليها مؤسسي الميثاق , مثل النزاعات الداخلية والازمات الانسانية وغيرها, مما استدعى العمل على ايجاد ادوات جديدة تتناسب مع تلك المتغيرات , ومن بين تلك الادوات الجديدة بعد انتهاء الحرب الباردة , عمليات صنع السلام, وذلك من خلال تدخل طرف ثالث من اجل تسوية النزاع. لقد تزامن ظهور مفهوم صنع السلام مع مجموعة من المتغيرات والتي فرضت نفسها على الساحة الدولية , ومن اهم تلك العوامل التي ادت الى ظهور عمليات صنع السلام : توسيع نطاق التهديدات لحالة السلم والامن الدوليين ولاسيما بعد انتهاء الحرب الباردة , وكذلك تزايد النزاعات غير الدولية , اي داخل الدول , مما استوجب من الامم المتحدة ومن اجل تسوية تلك النزاعات , ان تستحدث اليات ووسائل جديدة تتلائم مع تلك المعطيات . لقد حاولت الدراسة الاجابة على سؤال جوهري يتمثل في ((هل كان لعمليات صنع السلام بعد عام 1991, دورا فاعلا ومؤثرا في حفظ السلم والامن الدوليين ام كان دورا برتوكوليا ليس له تاثير؟)). وقد ارتكزت الدراسة على افتراض مفاده ((اذا ما استطاعت الامم المتحدة ان تتسم قراراتها بالاستقلالية والحيادية وتمارس مهامها بعيدا عن التاثيرات والضغوط الخارجية , سيكون لعمليات صنع السلام دورا مؤثرا وفعالا في حفظ السلم والامن الدوليين , وليس دورا هامشيا او بروتوكوليا)). لقد تنوعت تلك الوسائل والاليات والمستخدمة في صنع السلام , فمنها الوسائل السياسية التقليدية مثل : المفاوضات والوساطة والمساعي الحميدة والتحقيق والتوفيق , وهناك الوسائل القانونية القضائية مثل التحكيم الدولي والقضاء الدولي , اضافة الى التسويات السلمية والتي قامت بها المنظمات الدولية والاقليمية في هذا المجال. وقد قامت منظمة الامم المتحدة وانطلاقا من هدف حفظ السلم والامن الدوليين بالعديد من تلك العمليات , من اجل تسوية النزاعات وبشكل سلمي وكما هو منصوص في ميثاقها والذي خصص فصلا كاملا لتسوية النزاعات , وكذلك قامت المنظمات الاقليمية بعمليات صنع السلام . ولقد نجحت في بعض تلك العمليات , وذلك من خلال توفير عوامل النجاح فيها , بينما اخفقت في بعضها , لوجود كوابح عرقلت من فرص نجاحها. | One of the most UN' goals is to promote international peace and security. The charter goes clearly towards this goal asking the international community to comply with these common values. In the Cold War era a great turnover occurred in the concept of peace keeping process due to the wide range of thriving threats on the global arena. Therefore, international experts found themselves obliged to compose new tools and ways to confront the newly exposed types of threats at that time. For instance, domestic struggles and humanitarian crises were not addressed by the UN Charter. Nonetheless, the international organization was keen to adopt new tools to meet these challenges. The core hypothesis of this study is that" peace making operations to be effectively held, the United Nations organizations should honor independence and transperans decision making process". To test this hypothesis this study is designed to answer the question : have peace making played a successful role in preserving international peace and security. The most important is peace keeping operations that handled by third parties to ensure peace and promote security in the areas of disputes. International experts were eager to secure variety and effectiveness by the methods and mechanisms used into peace making process. The peace making methods ranged from traditional political means such as negotiation, mediation, investigation and conciliation, to the legal means such as international arbitration. The UN, in accordance with its charter, has conducted several of peace keeping operations in different regions and countries. Each operation had its own story of success and failure due to its own specific political conditions. In summary, the international community perceives the peace keeping operations as an urgent need to confront imminent dangers to the international peace. Therefore, a conclusion can be promoted is that these projects of cooperation will flourish in the international environment in a way that matches the prospected needs in the security fields.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم السياسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
اسم المشرف: حسين مزهر خلف
اسم المؤلف: محمد كريم جبار

استخدام النموذج الرياضي والشبكات العـصبية لتحديد نسبة تلوث البيئة Employ Mathematical Model and Neural Networks for Determining Rate of the Environmental Contamination

المستخلص: هناك العديد من الاهداف في هذه الرسالة : الهدف الاول هو تطوير نموذج المعادلة التي تصف انتشار التلوث خلال التربة والتي يمكن استخدامها لتحديد نسبة التلوث البيئي وذلك بتقدير تركيز المعادن الثقيلة في التربة. نموذج المعادلة التي تم تطويرها يمكن اعتبارها تمثيل جيد لمشكلة التلوث البيئي.الهدف الثاني في هذه الرسالة هو تصميم شبكتين عصبيتين ذات تغذية تقدمية باعتبارها تقنية دقيقة بديلة لتحديد نسبة التلوث البيئي والتي يمكن استخدامها في حل معادلة النموذج. الشبكة الاولى تحاكي معلمات التربة التي يمكن استخدامها في ادخال البيانات في الشبكة الثانية المقترحة، في حين تحاكي الشبكة الثانية لتقدير تركيز المعادن الثقيلة.الهدف الثالث هو تطوير المفهوم النظري لمرحلة تدريب الشبكات العصبية من وجهة نظر التحليل الدالي والطرق الامثلية. ضمن هذه الصيغة، التعلم يعني حل مشكلة متغايرة بواسطة تصغير دالة الاداء المتعلقة بالشبكة العصبية. ان اختيار دالة الهدف يعتمد على تطبيق معين. من جهة اخرى، فاننا نقترح تعديل على دالة الاداء لتحسين تعميم الشبكات المقترحة وعلى الجانب الاخر، لعلاج التوقف المبكر ومشاكل النهاية الصغرى المحلية.الهدف الرابع هو مقارنة اداء الخوارزميات المذكورة اعلاه فيما يتعلق بقدرة التنبؤ. ثم تطبيق التقنية المقترحة لتقدير تركيز المعادن الثقيلة مثل : النحاس والرصاص والكادميوم والكوبالت والزنك والنيكل في تربة بغداد. اولا، تم اختيار اربعة وستين عينة من التربة من المواقع الملوثة تقع في بعض المناطق في مدينة بغداد (السكنية والصناعية والتجارية والزراعية والطرق الرئيسية). ثانيا، تم اجراء سلسلة من القياسات على عينات التربة وتحليلها لقياس تراكيز المعادن الثقيلة بواسطة اجهزة الامتصاص الطيف الذري (AAS)، فلورية الاشعة السينية (XRF) المطياف الكتلي البلازمي بالتقارون الحثي (ICP - MS) ومن خلالها نحصل على تراكيز اولية لهذه المعادن الثقيلة. ثالثا، محاكاة وتدريب الشبكات المقترحة للحصول على تركيز المعادن الثقيلة بالطريقة المقترحة ومن ثم مقارنة اداء الشبكات المقترحة مع فحص المختبر التقليدي باستخدام مجموعة بيانات التدريب والاختبار. نتائج هذا العمل تبين ان الشبكات المقترحة والمتدربة على القياسات التجريبية يمكن تطبيقها بنجاح لتقدير تركيز المعادن الثقيلة بسرعة ودقة.اخيرا، نقترح بعض الطرق لمعالجة التربة الملوثة باستخدام بعض النباتات العشبية. | There are many aims of this thesis : The first aim is to develop a model equation that describes the spread of contamination through soils which can be used to determine the rate of environmental contamination by estimate the concentration of heavy metals (HMs) in soil. The developed model equation can be considered as a good representation for a problem of environmental contamination. The second aim of this thesis is to design two feed forward neural networks (FFNN) as an alternative accurate technique to determine the rate of environmental contamination which can be used to solve the model equation. The first network is to simulate the soil parameters which can be used as input data in the second suggested network, while the second network simulates to estimate the concentration of heavy metals. The third aim is to develop a conceptual theory of training stage of neural networks from the perspective of functional analysis and optimization methods. Within this formulation, learning means to solve a variational problem by minimizing a performance function associated to the neural network. The choice of the objective functional depends on the particular application. On the other side, we suggest modification of the performance function to improve the generalization of the suggested networks and to treat the early stopping and local minima problems. The fourth aim is to compare the performance of aforementioned algorithms with regard to predicting ability. Then applied the suggested technique to estimate the concentration of heavy metals such as : Copper(Cu), Lead(Pb), Cadmium(Cd), Cobalt(Co), Zinc(Zn) and Nickel(Ni) in Baghdad soils. First, sixty four soil samples were selected from a phytoremediated contaminated site located in some zones in Baghdad city (residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural and main roads). Second, a series of measurements were performed on the soil samples and analyzed measuring of concentrations for heavy metals using devices such as : Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), X - Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP - MS) to get initial concentrations for those heavy metals. Third, simulate and train the suggested networks to get the concentration of heavy metals. The performance of the suggested networks was compared with the traditional laboratory inspecting using the training and test data sets. The results of this work show that the suggested networks trained on experimental measurements can be successfully applied to the rapid and accuracy estimation of concentration of heavy metals. Finally, we suggest some methods contaminated soil by using some herbal plants.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: لمى ناجي محمد توفيق
اسم المؤلف: فرح فيصل غازي

تحسين خوارزميات الحل التام والبحث المحلي لحل بعض مسائل الامثلية التوافقية Improving Exact and Local Search Algorithms for Solving Some Combinatorial Optimization Problems

المستخلص: In mathematics and computer science, an optimization problem (OP) is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions. OPs can be divided into two categories depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete. An OP with discrete variables is known as a combinatorial optimization problem (COP). In a COP, we are looking for an object such as an integer, permutation or graph from a finite set.The aim of the research presented in this thesis is to investigate the use of various optimization exacts and heuristics to solve the COP's. This thesis presented in six chapters.In this thesis we interest in discussing three samples of COP; machine scheduling problem (MSP), transposition cipher problem (TCP) and aircraft landing problem (ALP).In the first two chapters, we discuss the main concepts of the COP, the three study cases, the basic techniques and methods for solving the COP respectively.In chapter three, we interesting in MSP, with multiple objective for the 1//(Ci,Ti) problem (P1) and 1//Ci+Ti problem (P3). We investigate the usefulness of precedence rules in solving (P1) and (P3). We found that the complete enumeration method (CEM) gives efficient (and optimal) solutions for (P1) (and (P3)) with number of jobs (n)10, and branch and bound (BAB) gives efficient solutions for (P1) with n15 and optimal solution for (P3) with n80. In addition, we use the local search methods (LSM), to solve the two problems, represented by genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) with n2000. In general we conclude that PSO serves better than GA. Lastly, a neural network (NN) is constructed to solve problems (P1) and (P3). Two learning algorithms are used to learn the NN; pack propagation (PB) and PSO with and without depending on successive rules (SR). We see that PSO is better than BP in learning NN to obtaining good results.In chapter four, we suggest a new direction in cryptanalysis of TCP, we suggest using the techniques of COP to solve TCP in another word, the TCP treated as one of COP. First a new mathematical formulation for TCP is introduced and proposed some new tools of TCP cryptanalysis. The CEM and modified BAB are developed by using SR to obtain the multi digits CEM (MDCEM) and MDBAB which are helpful in decreasing the CPU time. Classical bees' algorithm (CBA) and shifted key BA (SKBA) are improving the cryptanalysis results. To increase the performance of the mentioned algorithms we construct cryptanalysis system for TCP to find exact solution (as possible) for n20 in reasonable time, which is called SR keys BA (SRKBA). The main result of this thesis is suggesting a general solving system for COP specially, when the problem submits to SR.Chapter five focused in one of the important problems of COP; ALP. A new improvement in a heuristic method, called parallel improving algorithm (PIA), is introduced, the new algorithm called modified PIA (MPIA) which is serves better than PIA. The CEM is used to solve ALP using two techniques; exhaustive search method (ESM) which gives optimal solution but in unreasonable time for n>9 while MPIA gives approximation solutions for n9 in 6 seconds. Lastly, hybridization is proposed between MPIA and CBA, which is called improvement CBA (ICBA). ICBA gives optimal solutions in solving ALP for n<50 and near optimal for n=50.In chapter six, some conclusions together with some suggestions for future researches have been given.The exact and heuristics methods all were tested by programming them using version 10.0 of Delphi Language and MATLAB, and running on Processor Intel(R) Core (TM) i3 CPU, 2.53 GHz, Core(s), with Ram 1.21 GB computer.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الامثلية العددية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: طارق صالح عبد الرزاق
اسم المؤلف: فائز حسن علي

مسالة السيطرة الامثلية التقليدية المستمرة لمعادلات تفاضلية جزئية The Continuous Classical Optimal Control Problem of Partial Differential Equations

المستخلص: الهدف الرئيسي لهذه الرسالة هو دراسة مسالة السيطرة الامثلية التقليدية المستمرة لزوج من المعادلات التفاضلية الجزئية الخطية واللاخطية من النوع المكافئ )stateفي برهان مبرهنة وجود ووحدانية الحل للحالة ( Galerkin حيث استخدمنا طريقة لزوج من المعادلات المذكورة اعلاه ولكن من النوع اللا خطي عندما يكون متجه السيطرة التقليدية المستمرة ثابت . قمنا ايضا ببرهان مبرهنات خاصة بوجود سيطرة (متجه السيطرة) التقليدية المستمرة لزوج من المعادلات التفاضلية الجزئية الخطية واللاخطية من النوع المكافئ. برهنا ايضا مبرهنة وجود ووحدانية الحل لزوج المعادلات التفاضلية الجزئية الخطية واللاخطية للحالة. طورت بشكل يتناسب مع المسالة Kuhn - Tucker - Lagrange’s Multipliers مبرهنات السيطرة التقليدية المستمرة المقترحة في هذه الرسالة وصيغت وبرهنت مبرهنتا الشرط الضروري لوجود السيطرة الامثلية | The main aim of this thesis is to study the continuous classical optimal control problem of a couple of linear and nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations. With a suitable assumptions, the existence and the uniqueness of solution of the state vector of couple of linear parabolic PDEs for a given continuous classical control vector are proved by using Galerkin method. The existence theorems of a continuous classical optimal control vector associated with a couple of nonlinear parabolic equations are developed and proved. The existence and the uniqueness theorem of a solution of the couple of adjoint equations associated with the considered state equations of nonlinear parabolic equations with equality and inequality constraints is also proved once again. The Kuhn - Tucker - Lagrange multipliers theorems are developed and used to prove the necessary conditions theorem and the sufficient conditions theorem of optimality of a couple of nonlinear parabolic equations with equality and inequality constraints
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: جميل اميرعلي الهواسي
اسم المؤلف: غفران مناتي كاظم

الحل العددي لبعض المعادلات التفاضليه باستخدام تحويل لاكير Numerical Solution for some Differential Equations via Laguerre Transform Approach

المستخلص: The main aim of this work is to introduce new formulae that can be used to deal with LT and to utilize them for solving different types of DEs.A new simple general formula is derived to evaluate the LT of the higher derivatives of a variable. The new formula is easily modeled by a computer program, and there is no need for tedious operations of successive integration by part, as in the conventional method.This work proposes a method utilizing LT to solve ODE's (linear and nonlinear, homogeneous or inhomogeneous, boundary or initial value problems), which is explained and implemented in different examples. The results are in a good agreement with the analytical solution.Two other new methods are proposed, utilizing LT to solve PDE's with one spatial dimension. The two methods are explained and implemented in different examples, and the results show a good agreement with the analytical solutions.Another new method, utilizing LT, is proposed to solve PDE's with two spatial dimensions. The method is implemented to solve heat equation with two spatial dimensions and the results show a good agreement with that of finite difference solution. The method is also modified to achieve image smoothing as a global smoothing technique. The new image smoothing technique is compared with a finite difference technique for image smoothing, which is a local smoothing technique. The results of the proposed new technique show better smoothing (less fogy) with an expenditure of a long execution time.Finally, it is worth to mention that all the programs used in this work have been coded by the MATLAB 7 system environment
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التحليل العددي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: ايمان علي حسين
اسم المؤلف: غصون سعيد عبد محمد

طرق تكرارية موثوقة لحساب تراكيز ثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون الممتص بواسطة فينيل غلايسيدل الايثر Reliable Iterative Methods for Calculating the Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide Absorbed into Phenyl Glycidyl Ether

المستخلص: In this thesis, two reliable iterative methods are used to calculate the concentrations of carbon dioxide CO2 and phenyl glycidyl ether PGE. The first one is the variational iteration method. It is used to get an approximate solution for a system of two coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations which represent the concentrations of CO2 and PGE. The other method is the standard homotopy analysis method which is implemented on this system. Formerly, this system has been solved by the Adomiandecomposition method. In solving this system by Adomian’s method, the nonlinearity needs calculating the Adomian’s polynomials. On the other hand, the two methods do not require any assumptions like the calculating of the Adomian’s polynomials. In this system there are boundary conditions of Dirichlet type and the other is a mix of Neumann and Dirichlet type. Our calculations are evidenced by tables and figures for the analysis of the maximal error remainder values. The variational iteration method givesapproximate solutions with fast convergence. Comparison with the results obtained by the Adomian decomposition method shows that the numerical solutions obtained by the variational iteration method converge faster than those of Adomian's method. Also, the homotopy analysis method which is implemented on this system has a very fast convergence in giving approximate solutions. Moreover, the numerical solutions resulted from the homotopy analysis method converge faster than those of Adomian's methodwhich has been implemented previously for the same problem. The numerical results also show high rates of convergence which are obtained at the increasing of the iterations. The used software of the contained calculations in our study is Mathematica 9.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: مجيد احمد ولي
اسم المؤلف: غسان حسن محمود راضي

بعض طرائق التقدير لمعلمة القياس لتوزيع لابلاس : دراسة مقارنة Some Baye,s Estimators for the Scale Parameter of the Laplace Distribution / A Comparison Study

المستخلص: The Laplace distribution is important to the development of mathematics ,statistics, physics, and astronomy, and usually used as its characteristics apply to a large ratio of natural, social and economic phenomenon. Hence, the importance of this thesis is to Find the best estimator for the scale parameter θ, when location parameter (a) is known and unknown through obtaining and comparing the classical estimators (Maximum Likelihood Estimator, Uniformly Minimum variance unbiased Estimator, and Minimum Mean Squared Error), as well as Bayesian estimators under different loss functions (Quadratic loss function, squared - Log error loss function, Generalized squared error loss function, Entropy loss function, Suggested loss function).In order to get a better understanding of our Bayesian analysis, we consider the non - informative prior for the scale parameter () using Jeffreys prior information, as well as informative prior density represented by Gumbel Type II Prior.All these estimators are compared empirically using Mont - Carlo simulation by employing the mean squared errors (MSE's).Also we derived the Minimax estimators of the scale parameter θ for the Laplace distribution for all loss functions referred to above and reach to the estimators under Quadratic loss function, Squared - log error loss function, special case of Suggested loss function and Entropy loss function are Minimax estimators.Among conclusions that have been reached, the Suggested loss function with Gumble prior has recorded the best performance of the used for other loss functions. On the other hand, Gumble prior under different loss functions with Gumble Type II prior is better comparing to the corresponding Jeffrey's prior (under the same loss function) for all cases.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: هدى عبد الله رشيد
اسم المؤلف: عماد فرهود محي الشريفي

الجدوله لمقاييس متعددة الاداء Scheduling with Multiple Performance Measures

المستخلص: في هذه الرسالة تصغير دالة لمعياريين او ثلاثة والحاصلة من جدولة n من الاعمال على ماكنة واحدة . تم التركيزفي هذه الدراسة والاخذ بنظر الاعتبار على حالة التاخير اللاسالب والعمل المتاخر ووقت الاتمام الكلي . ونوقشت المسائل التالية : 1 . تصغير الدالة (Tmax+Vmax) . 2 .تصغيرالدالة ذات ثلاث معايير والتي تاخذ الصيغة Lex(Tmax+Vmax ,Σ■(n@i)Ci) وLex(Σ■(n@i)Ci , Tmax+Vmax ) . . (■(n@i)Ti + ■(n@i)Vi) تصغير الدالة .3 للمسالة الاولى اقترحنا خوارزمية التفرع والتقييد لايجاد الحل الامثل كذلك برهنا بعض الحالات الخاصة التي تؤدي الى الحل الامثل .كذلك اقترحنا خوارزمية (A) المطورة من خوارزمية لولر لحل المسالة وهذا قادنا الى ملاحظة مشجعه وهي ان اغلب النتائج الحسابية تؤدي الى الحل الامثل. كما واجرينا تجارب حسابية لطريقة التفرع والتقييد على مجموعة كبيرة لمسائل اختبارية. .للمسالة الثانية والتي هي تعميم للمسالة الاولى قمنا باستخدمنا قاعدة (SPT) وكذلك الخوارزمية (A) المطورة لايجاد افضل الحلول . للمسالة الثالثة اقترحنا خوارزمية التفرع والتقييد مع قيدين سفلي وقيد علوي الذي هو اصغر ثلاث قيود تقريبيه مقترحة لايجاد الحل كذلك برهنا بعض الحالات الخاصة واستخدمنا قواعد الهيمنة مع خوارزمية التفرع والتقييد لتحسين النتائج الحسابية لهذه المسالة. | This thesis intends, to minimize a function of two and three cost criteria for scheduling n jobs on a single machine. The study focuses on the case where Tardiness, late work and total Completion times are considered. The following problems are discussed 1. Minimizing a function of two criteria (Tmax+Vmax). 2.Minimizing a function of three criteria of the forms Lex(Tmax+Vmax,Σ■(n@i=1)Ci) and Lex(Σ■(n@i=1)Ci , Tmax+Vmax ). 3. Minimizing a function of two criteria (■(n@i=1)Ti + ■(n@i=1)Vi). For the first problem 1// Tmax+Vmax , a branch and bound algorithm are proposed to find optimal solution . Also, we proved some special cases for this problem which lead to optimal solution. An improved algorithm (A) for Lawler algorithm has been constructed for solving this problem, which leads to an interesting observation that the algorithm (A) will yield optimal solutions in all instances of the test problems. Also computational experience for the (BAB) algorithm is presented. For the second problem which is a generalization of the first problem we use either the SPT rule or modified algorithm (A) to find the best solutions. For the third problem we proposed a (BAB) algorithm with two lower bounds and upper bound which is the minimum of three heuristic methods .We proved some special cases which lead to the optimal solution . We used dominance rules with BAB algorithm to enhance the computational results for this problem
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: طارق صالح عبد الرزاق
اسم المؤلف: علي عباس نعمان المالكي

طرق تكرارية كفوءة لحل مسائل القيم الحدودية ذات النقطتين Efficient Iterative Methods for Solving Two - Point Boundary Value Problems

المستخلص: قدمت في هذه الرساله ثلاثه طرق تكراريه موثوقه لحل مسائل القيم الحدوديه ذات النقطتين الخطيه وغير الخطيه. الطريقه الاولى تتناول تطبيق الاسلوب الشبه تحليلي لحل هذه المشكله. وفي هذه الطريقه تم الحصول على الحل بشكل متسلسله وبحسابات سهله. ان النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها لقيم الخطا المتبقي تبين ان هذه الطريقه فعاله جدا وموثوقهالطريقه الثانيه هي الطريقه التكراريه المطوره وتسمى DJM لحل هذه المشكله. هذه الطريقه تعطي حلا تقريبيا مع تقارب سريع. النتائج العدديه تثبت ان الطريقه المستخدمه هي طريقه موثوقه وفعاله. اما الطريقه الثالثه والاخيره تسمى طريقه متسلسله القوى لحل هذه المشكله. وهناك بعض الامثله العدديه قدمت لاثبات كفاءه هذه الطريقه وكما استخدمت بعض التطبيقات على هذه المشكله وحلها بواسطه هذه الطرق المذكوره. ان البرنامج المستخدم لايجاد هذه النتائج العدديه هو الماثيماتيك | In this thesis, three reliable iterative methods have been introduced to solve linear and nonlinear two - point boundary value problems (TPBVPs). The first method deals with the implementation of the semi - analytic method namely (TAM) to solve two - point boundary value problems. In TAM, the solution is obtained in the series form with easily computed components. The results of the maximal error remainder values show that the present method is very effective and reliable. The second method namely a new iterative method (NIM or DJM) to solve the TPBVPs. DJM gives an approximate solution with fast convergence. The numerical results prove that the suggested method is reliable and effective. The third and final method is called Power series method (PSM). It is presented to solve TPBVPs. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method and some application of TPBVPs will be solved by this methods. The software used for the numerical calculation was MATHEMATICA® 10.0.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: مجيد احمد ولي
اسم المؤلف: علي حسين عباس

درجة افضل تقريب للدوال غير المقيدة في الفضاءات المحلية العامة الموزونة The Degree of Best Approximation of Unbounded Functions in Locally - Global Weighted Spaces

المستخلص: The aim of this thesis is to obtain the degree of best approximation of unbounded functions in locally - global weighted - space L_(P,δ,w) (X),1≤P<∞ using many kinds of polynomials such as I - Bernstein polynomials in terms of weighted Ditzain - Totik modulus of smoothness.II - Trigonometric polynomials S_n^* (f,x) and in addition to that we defined a new operator, which depends on Dirchlet Kernel G_(2n - 3n) - operator in terms of weighted Ditzain - Totik modulus of smoothness.III - q - Bernstein - Kantorovich B ̃_(n,q)^* (f,x) operator by using the locally second usual weighted modulus of smoothness.IV - The linear positive operators L_n^*⁡〖(f,x)〗 and K_n^*⁡〖(f,x)〗 for f∈L_(P,δ,w) (X),X=[0,∞) which is used to obtain the degree of the best approximation of this function in weighted space in terms of weighted modulus of function f.V - Szasz - Mirakjan - Beta U_n^* (f,x) and R ̃_n^* (f,x) operators in terms of weighted locally averaged modulus of smoothness.VI - Also supported by some important results to improve the approximation of unbounded functions classes.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: صاحب كحيط جاسم الساعدي
اسم المؤلف: علي حسين زبون

افضل تقريب احادي الاتجاه لدوال غير مقيدة في الفضاء Lp,w (X) The Best One Sided Approximation of Unbound ed Functions in Lp,w(X) Spaces

المستخلص: This thesis is devoted to approximation of unbounded functions and deals with what is called one - sided approximation by positive linear operators and entire functions in Approximation Theory. More precisely, the existence of a sequence of polynomials which lie above (or below) a given unbounded functions and approximate it arbitrary well have been investigating. Our offer an overview of this subject in the spaces , starting with the early works of Freud and ending by the latest results in this area. This branch of estimate degree of best one - sided approximation was studied in last 60 years and now contains a big variety of techniques and approaches. Our developed modified methods on one - sided approximation in the space and obtain several results.The degree of best one - sided approximation for unbounded functions in the space , by using Hermite - Fejer interpolation polynomials on [ - 1,1] and the interpolation polynomials on [ - , ] have been studied and founded.In addition, the estimation of best one - sided approximation in , by Valle - Poussin operator and Jackson's polynomial in terms average modulus have studied.Furthermore, an estimate of best one - sided approximation in weighted space by using Bernstein polynomial and by spline polynomials in terms the kth local modulus of - continuity and Ditzian - Totic modulus of smoothness are also proposed with details.The direct and inverse inequalities of best one sided approximation by entire functions are proved in space. Some conditions have been used to prove the relations between degree of best multi approximation and best one - sided multi approximation on interval ,as well as some results consisting direct and converse theorems for one - sided multi approximation in space on interval have been proved.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: صاحب كحيط جاسم الساعدي
اسم المؤلف: علاء عدنان عواد المحمدي

جدولة متعددة المقاييس : نماذج رياضياتية وخوارزميات مضبوطة وتقريبية Multicriteria Scheduling : Mathematical Models, Exact and Approximation Algorithms

المستخلص: هذه الاطروحة مخصصة لمسائل جدولة متعددة المقاييس وعرضت بستة فصول.الفصلين الاول والثاني هي مقدمة وفيها مختلف المفاهيم لصيغ مسائل متعددة المقاييس وناقشنا طرائق الحل المعروفة لمسائل الجدولة وتحتوي الفصول الثلاثة البحث الاساسي على مختلف المقاييس لمسالة جدولة ماكنة واحدة.هذه الاطروحة تقدم نماذج رياضياتية وخوارزميات لايجاد الحلول الكفوءة، المثلى والتقريبية لمسائل جدولة متعددة المقاييس.استخدمنا تقنيات التفرع والتقيد لتصغير المقياسين : مجموع الاجزاء للاعمال المتاخرة (∑Vj) واعظم جزء لعمل متاخر (Vmax). هذه المسالة رمز لها 1//F(∑Vj,Vmax)، واقترحت خوارزمية كفوءة (ADA) لايجاد مجموعة حلول كفوءة لها. قدمت ايضا خوارزمية التفرع والتقيد (BAB) لايجاد حل امثل لمسالة تصغير الدالة الخطية ∑Vj+Vmax. الصعوبة للمسالة الاخيرة تقترح بانه ليس بالامكان دائما ايجاد حل امثل بسرعة. لذلك استخدمت خوارزميات بحث محلية (local search algorithms) وهي descent method (DM), simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA) لايجاد حلول قريبة من الحل الامثل وبزمن حسابي اقل.اقترحت خوارزمية كفوءة لايجاد الحلول الكفوءة لمسالة الماكنة الواحدة مع اوقات تحضير التي رمز لها 1/rj/F(Tmax,Vmax). قدمت ايضا خوارزمية التفرع والتقيد (BAB) لايجاد حل امثل لمسالة تصغير الدالة الخطية Tmax+Vmax مع اوقات تحضير. استخدمت لهذه المسالة ايضا خوارزميات بحث محلية (local search algorithms) لايجاد حلول تقريبية.درست مسائل جدولة متعددة المقاييس على ماكنة واحدة لايجاد مجموعة حلول كفوءة للمسائل العامة 1//F(∑Cj, Tmax, Vmax)، 1//F(∑Cj, ∑Vj, Vmax)، 1//F(∑Cj, ∑Vj, Tmax)، 1//F(∑C2j, Tmax, Vmax)، 1//F(∑Cj, Tmax+Vmax). اقترحـت الخوارزمية الكفؤة (ADA1) لحل هذه المسائل. اقترحـت ايضا خوارزميتيــن لايجاد افضــل حـل ممكن لكـل من المسالتيـن الهرميتيـن 1//Lex(Vmax,∑Cj,Tmax) و1//Lex(Vmax,Tmax,∑Cj).الخوارزميات الكفوءة المقترحة هي عامة ويمكن استخدامها لايجاد مجموعة الحلول الكفوءة الفعلية (strict Pareto optimal) لمسائل جدولة متعددة المقاييس. نتائجنا التجريبية تشير الى ان الخوارزميات المقترحة تجد الحلول الكفوءة بشكل فعال في معظم الحالات وايضا، نتائجنا الحسابية تبين بان الخوارزمية (GA) فعالة اكثر للمسائل 1//∑Vj+Vmax و1/rj/Tmax+Vmax. اخيرا، قدمت استنتاجاتنا مع بعض المقترحات لبحوث مستقبلية. | This thesis is devoted to multicriteria scheduling problems. It is presented in six chapters.The first two chapters are introductory in which we give various aspects of multicriteria problem formulation and we discuss the well known methods of solution for machine scheduling problem.The next three chapters contain original research on various multicriteria single machine scheduling.This thesis presents the mathematical models and algorithms for generating efficient, optimal and approximation solutions for multicriteria scheduling problems.We use branch and bound techniques for minimizing the two criteria : the total late work (∑Vj) and the maximum late work (Vmax), this problem is denoted by 1//F(∑Vj,Vmax). An efficient algorithm (ADA) is proposed to find efficient solutions set. A branch and bound (BAB) algorithm is also presented to find optimal solution for the problem of minimizing a linear function ∑Vj+Vmax. The NP - hardness of the last problem suggests that it is not always possible to find an optimal solution quickly. Therefore, local search algorithms (descent method (DM), simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA)) are used to find approximation solutions that are close to the optimum with less computational time.An efficient algorithm is proposed, to find efficient solutions for one machine problem with release dates denoted by 1/rj/F(Tmax,Vmax). A branch and bound (BAB) algorithm is also presented to find optimal solution for the problem of minimizing a linear function Tmax+Vmax with release dates. For this problem also local search algorithms are used to find approximation solutions.The multicriteria scheduling problems are studied on a single machine to find efficient solutions set for the general problems 1//F(∑Cj,Tmax,Vmax), 1//F(∑Cj,∑Vj,Vmax), 1//F(∑Cj, ∑Vj, Tmax), 1//F(∑C2j, Tmax,Vmax) and 1//F(∑Cj,Tmax+Vmax). An efficient algorithm (ADA1) is proposed for solving these problems. Also two algorithms are proposed to find the best possible solution for each of the two hierarchical problems 1//Lex(Vmax, ∑Cj,Tmax) and 1//Lex(Vmax, Tmax, ∑Cj).The proposed efficient algorithms are general and can be used to enumerate the set of strict Pareto optimal for the multicriteria scheduling problems. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms find efficient solutions optimality in most cases. Also, our computational results show that the genetic algorithm (GA) is more effective for the problems 1//(∑Vj+Vmax) and 1/rj/(Tmax+Vmax). Finally, our conclusions together with some suggestions for future researches are given
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: طارق صالح عبد الرزاق
اسم المؤلف: عدوية علي محمود النعيمي

بعض طرائق التقدير لمعلمتي توزيع باريتو من النوع الاول باستخدام المحاكاة مع تطبيقات عملية Some Estimation Methods for the Parameters of Pareto type I by using Simulation with Practical Application

المستخلص: تناولت رسالة الماجستير هذه مناقشة العديد من الخصائص الاحصائية لتوزيع باريتو من النوع الاول ذو المعلمتين، كذلك تم التطرق الى العلاقة بين توزيع باريتو وعدد من التوزيعات المستمرة الاخرى.ان الغرض من الرسالة هو مقارنة طريقة بيز القياسية مع اربعة من الطرق التقليدية لتقدير معلمتي الشكل والقياس باستخدام طريقة مونت - كارلو لمحاكاة نماذج مختلفة.وقد تبين من خلال الدراسة ان مقدر بايز افضل من المقدرات الاخرى لتقدير المعالم باستخدام متوسط مربعات الخطا (M.S.E) من اجل المقارنة بين افضلية مقدرات طرائق التقدير المختلفة ولحجوم العينات المختلفة. علاوة على ذلك، تناول الباحث بعض التطبيقات الحقيقية من الحياة والتي تتوزع بعضها توزيع باريتو.تم استخراج النتائج عن طريق كتابة برامج باستخدام برنامج الماتلاب MATLAB R2013b. | In this thesis several statistical properties for Pareto distribution type one with two parameters had been discussed. The relationship of Pareto distribution with many other continuous distributions is also presented. However, the main purpose of this thesis is to compare between standard Bayes method and four classical methods to estimate the shape and scale parameters by using Monte Carlo simulation method for different models. It had been shown that standard Bayes estimator is better than other estimators in the sense of MSE by assuming different sample sizes. Moreover, some real life applications related to Pareto distribution are given. The computer programs are writing and the run is made by using MATLAB (R2013b) professional software.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات التطبيقية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: حازم منصور كوركيس
اسم المؤلف: عدويه ناجي عطيوي الخشالي

تصميم شبكات عـصبية ملائمة لحل مسائل القيم الذاتية وتطبيقاتها Design Suitable Neural Networks to Solve Eigen Value Problems and It?s Application

المستخلص: الهدف من هذه الرسالة هو تصميم شبكات عصبية ملائمة ذات تغذية تقدمية كطريقة لحل مسائل القيم الذاتية للمعادلات التفاضلية الاعتيادية الشاذة وغير الشاذة ذات الشروط الحدودية. الشبكة المقترحة تتعلق بحساب القيم الذاتية والدالة الذاتية المرافقة لها والتي تمثل الحل الغير صفري لنموذج المسالة.ايضا ناقشنا عدد من خوارزميات الاداء ذات المستوى العالي المستخدمة في خوارزميات تدريب الانتشار المرتد للشبكات العصبية ذات التغذية التقدمية وعرض نتائج المقارنة الحاصلة من تطبيق MATLAB مثل ﻟﻴفنبرﻙ - ماركواردت , شبيه نيوتن, تنظيم بيزن, ومن ثم تسريع اداء الشبكات المقترحة من خلال تعديل خوارزميات التدريب هذه, حيث ان بعضها يمتلك نسبة تقارب سريعة جدا لشبكات ذات احجام معقولة.الهدف الاخر لهذه الرسالة هو تحسين خوارزمية التدريب ﻟﻴفنبرﻙ - ماركوارت من خلال الاختيار المناسب للمعامل μk والذي يضمن التقارب لخوارزمية التدريب هذه.ايضا عالجنا عدة مشاكل واجهتنا اثناء تقنية التدريب مثل : التوقف المبكر, خزن الذاكرة , التنظيم وحساب مصفوفة هيسين ومعكوسها.اخيرا تم توضيح الشبكات المقترحة من خلال حل مسائل متنوعة ومقارنتها مع حلول بطرق مختلفة اخرى لاثبات سرعة , دقة وفاعلية استخدام تقنية الشبكات في حل هذا النوع من المعادلات. | The aim of this thesis is to design suitable feed forward neural networks to present a method to solve eigenvalue problems for non - singular ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions. The suggested networks concerned with the computation of eigenvalues and associated eigenfunction which represent the nontrivial solution of the problem model. Also, we will discuss several high performance algorithms used in back propagation training of the feed forward neural networks and present comparative results obtained in MATLAB implementation such as : Levenberg - Marquardt, quasi - Newton and Bayesian regularization, update procedure, then speeding suggested networks by modification these training algorithms, many of them have a very fast convergence rate for reasonable size networks.Other aims of this thesis is to modify Levenberg - Marquardt training algorithm by suitable choice of the parameter μk which guarantee super linearly convergence for this training algorithm. Also, we treat many problems that confront during the training technique such as : early stopping, memory storage, regularization and calculating of Hessian matrix and its inverse.Finally, illustrate the suggested networks by solving a variety of model problems and present comparisons with solutions obtained using other different methods to show speed, accuracy and effectiveness of using the networks technique for solving this type of equations
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات التطبيقية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: عثمان مهدي صالح
اسم المؤلف: عثمان مهدي صالح

المقاسات الجزيئة المقاسات المستحوذة على 2 وبعض اعماماتها 2 - Absorbing Submdules (Modules) and Some of Their Generalizations

المستخلص: Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and let M be a unitary left Rmodule. Prime ideals one of the main concepts in ring theory and many generalizations of this concept are introduced such as strongly prime ideals, almost prime ideals, weakly prime ideals, semi - prime ideals, weakly semiprime ideals and 2 - absorbing ideals. Moreover each of the above concepts generalized to submodules. Main goals in this work :  Presenting a comprehensive study of 2 - absorbing submodules and giving many new characterizations and properties related with this concept. Also we use this concept to define and study a new class of modules which is called 2 - absorbing modules.  Introducing and studying many generalizations of 2 - absorbing submodules, 2 - absorbing modules. In fact we introduce and study semi - 2 - absorbing submodules, semi - 2 - absorbing modules, Endo 2 - absorbing submodules, Endo semi - 2 - absorbing submodules, Endo 2 - absorbing modules and Endo semi - 2 - absorbing modules.  Presenting other kinds of 2 - absorbing submodules(resp.2 - absorbing modules) namely small 2 - absorbing submodules (resp. small 2 - absorbing modules ). Then Endo small 2 - absorbing submodules (resp. Endo small 2absorbing modules) are introduced and studied.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: انعام محمد علي هادي
اسم المؤلف: عبد الرحمن عبد الله حرفش

القابلية على السيطرة لبعض انظمة السيطرة بواسطة نظرية شبه الزمرة The Controllability of Some Control Systems Via Semigroup Theory

المستخلص: في هذا العمل، تم ادخال الشروط الكافية لمفهوم القابلية على السيطرة لانظمة غير خطية ذات الشرط الابتدائي والحدودي في فضاءات بناخ المحدبة بشكل منتظم, واثباتها باستخدام نظرية شبه الزمرة (شبه الزمرة المستمرة بقوة) وبعض الطرائق التقنية ضمن التحليل الدالي غير الخطي مثل نظرية النقطة الصامدة لكيرك. علاوة على ذلك, تم اعطاء بعض الامثلة التي توضح قيمة النتائج اعلاه. كذلك تم تقديم النتائج التي تتعامل مع قابلية السيطرة لانظمة غير خطية ذات الشرط الابتدائي والحدودي في فضاءات بناخ وذلك باستخدام نظرية النقطة الصامدة لكل من بناخ وشويدر. | In this thesis, the sufficient conditions for controllability concept of certain nonlinear initial and boundary - value systems in uniformly convex Banach spaces are introduced, and proved by using semigroup theory "strongly continuous semigroup" and some techniques of nonlinear functional analysis, such as, Kirk fixed point theorem. Moreover, examples which illustrate mathematical justification of these theorems are given. Also, the above results for controllability of nonlinear initial and boundary - value systems in any Banach spaces have been presented by using Banach's and Schauder's fixed point theorem.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: نصيف جاسم الجواري
اسم المؤلف: عبد الرحمن حميد نجم حسين

التماثيل في المعادلات التفاضلية SYMMETRY OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

المستخلص: Symmetries of a system of di erential equations are transformations, which transform the family of solutions of a system of di erential equations to itselves. In fact, the theory of symmetry of di erential equations in arguably one of the most successful methods in nding the solutions of di erential equations, this theory uni es a number of previously unrelated methods into a single method. However, as with all theories, there are instances in which it provide no useful information. Thus extensions and generalizations of the method are necessary to broader the class of equations analyzed by this method. In this thesis, a general view about the subject of classical symmetry and its generalization on di erential equations is considered, classical symmetry for many di erential equations using Lie's algorithm or Maple program have been calculated. A comparison between the classical and nonclassical symmetries, and we have found, some nonclassical symmetries of the Benjamin Bona Mahony equation and some weak symmetries for this equation, which have been used to nd exact solution for this equation.Moreover, this thesis studied some applications for symmetry which can be used to solve di erential equations, such as : Finding the hidden symmetries and their origins (sources) for some ODEs and for Benjamin Bona Mahony equation, nding discrete symmetry, by using continuous symmetry, and we got new symmetries which can be considered as a composition of continuous and discrete symmetries, solving boundary value problems of di erential equation and nding the boundary conditions which are consistent with symmetry of the di erential equation. Moreover, the Clarkson problem was discussed in order to know whether the di erential equation possess a nonclassical symmetries, without solving the problem and that by using hidden symmetries.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: المعادلات التفاضلية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: انعام عبد الرحمن ملوكي
اسم المؤلف: طلعت جاسم محمود

المقاسات الغامرة الخاصة Special Injective Modules

المستخلص: قمنا بتعميم مفهوم المقاسات الغامرة (المقاسات الغامرة النسبية)الى المقاسات الغامرة الخاصة (المقاسات الغامرة النسبية الخاصة ) كثير من الحقائق والتشخيصات للمقاسات الغامرة تم توسيعها على هذا النوع المعمم من المقاسات .تم اعطاء توصيفات متعددة للحلقات شبه البسيطة الارتينية بدلالة تلك المقاسات تمت دراسة حلقات التشاكلات الذاتية للمقاسات الغامرة النسبية الخاصة .تم التامل في بعض الاطياف لمقاسات غامرةخاصة , نقصد بذلك دراسة مفهوم الخصوصية على المقاسات شبه الغامرة ,مقاسات شبه غامرة رئيسية ومقاسات كاذبة - غامرة نسبية واخيرا درسنا الصفات التبولوجية للغمر الخاص . | The notion of injective modules (relative injective modules) is generalized to that of special injective modules (special relative injective modules).Many properties and characterizations of injective modules are extended to these modules characterizations of semi simple Artinian rings are given in term of those module.The present study treats the endomorphism rings of special relative injective modules. It considers some spectra of special injection modules, namely, It considers the property of specialty to quasi - injective modules, principally quasi - injective modules and relative pseudo - injective modules.Finally, the study tackles the topological properties of special injectivity.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2008
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: مهدي صادق عباس
اسم المؤلف: شيماء نوري عبد الرضا

حل المسالة العكسية للكسوريات من خلال الاساليب التطويرية المثلى وتطبيقاتها

المستخلص: Fractal image coding based on the inverse problem of an iterated function system plays an essential role in several areas of computer graphics and in many other interesting applications. Despite this method have received much attention because of its high resolution and fast decoding and many other advantages, but it has not been used widely because, it required high computation time in the encoding process. Genetic algorithm as an efficient optimization approach is highly used to solve such problems. In this study, this technique is improved and implemented, and another improvement that helps to optimize the search space in the target image is proposed, this is through reaching of global optimum in a single run. It is known as crowding method. The first use of this method in solving of fractal inverse problem shows acceptable result, especially, in reducing of the encoding time and obtaining of good quality images. Although, crowding method provides a satisfactory results in comparing to the original Jacquin and genetic algorithm techniques, but it concentrates on the best elements in the population of the search space. To support global exploration and prevent trapping in local optima, a new probability is added, which helps to satisfy diversity in the population selection from both the best and worst individuals. This is satisfied through proposing of a new diversity method to reduce being trapped in local optima, and improve the time complexity of the algorithm. The relation between searching for an optimum solution and playing music is known as harmony search algorithm (HAS). This algorithm is used in this study for the first time to solve fractal inverse problem. It has been proved that access to find music harmony corresponds to solving of an optimization problem searching for an optimal solution. In comparing to the original technique, the experiments on the three proposed approaches show their efficiency and effectivity In this study, a new method that combines fractal dimension (FD) which is an indicator of image complexity with the FIC scheme is proposed. Classifying images in databases according to their texture by using FD helps reduce the retrieval time of query images. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated using geosciences images. Result shows that the method is computationally attractive.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: نادية محمد غانم نصيف جاسم الجواري
اسم المؤلف: شيماء سلمان عبد

مقدرات بيز وبيز التجريبي لتوزيع لوماكس Bayes and Empirical Bayes Estimators for Lomax Distribution

المستخلص: Point estimation is one of the core topics in mathematical statistics.The main aim of this study is to discuss the most common methods of point estimation : non - Bayes, Bayes and empirical Bayes methods. We consider these estimation methods to estimate the shape parameter, reliability and failure rate functions of Lomax distribution based on complete data. The maximum likelihood, moment and uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators are obtained as non - Bayes estimators. Bayes and empirical Bayes estimators are obtained corresponding to three informative priors "gamma, chi - square and inverted Levy" based on symmetric "squared error" and asymmetric "LINEX and general entropy" loss functions. Comparisons are made between different estimators empirically via Monte Carlo simulation study. The estimates of the shape parameter were compared based upon the mean squared error while the estimates of reliability and failure rate functions were compared based upon the integrated mean squared error. Among the set of conclusions that have been reached, it is observed that, for all sample sizes and different cases, the performance of uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator is better than other non - Bayes estimator for estimating the shape parameter and failure rate function of Lomax distribution. Also, it is observed that conjugate gamma prior record full appearance as best prior distribution with Bayes estimates for reliability function. Further that, Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that the performance of Bayes and empirical Bayes estimator for some cases are better than non - Bayes for some appropriate of prior distribution, loss function, values of parameters and sample size.
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: نادية هاشم النور
اسم المؤلف: شهد سعد علوان

بعض الطرق التكرارية الموثوقة والكفوءة لحل معادلات دفنك Some Reliable and Efficient Iterative Methods for Solving Duffing Equations

المستخلص: ان الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الرسالة هو حل معادلة دفنك في كلا النوعين قليلة الاهتزاز والمهتزة. في هذه الرسالة هناك طريقتين تكراريتين استخدمتا لحل معادلة دفنك. الطريقة الاولى تسمى الطريقة التكرارية المطورة او (Daftardar - Jafari method (DJM)) والطريقة الثانية تسمى الطريقة شبه التحليلية او (TAM)) Temimi - Ansari method). قد تم حل بعض الامثلة لتوضيح الكفاءة والدقة العالية للطرق المقترحة من خلال النتائج كذلك تمتاز الطرق المقترحة بعدم حاجتها الى متطلبات اخرى. ايضا قد تم مقارنة الطرق المقترحة مع طرق اخرى ناجحة مثل ( الطريقة التغايرية التكرارية ) وطريقة ادومين التي تم ذكرهما لمعرفة فعالية الطرق التي تمت الدراسة من خلالها. الفصل الاول من هذه الرسالة تم التركيز فيه على معادلة دفنك والوجود والوحدانية للحل. الفصل الثاني من الرسالة يتناول تطبيق (الطريقة التكرارية المطورة ) لحل معادلة دفنك قليلة الاهتزاز والمهتزة مع حالات اخرى لمعادلة دفنك. ايضا الطريقة الثانية (الطريقة شبه التحليلية (قد استخدمت في الفصل الثالث لحل معادلة دفنك في نوعيها قليلة الاهتزاز والمهتزة وكذلك حل حالتان خاصة من معادلة دفنك. في الفصل الرابع تم ذكر تطبيقين على معادلة دفنك وقد تم حلهم الطريقة التكرارية المطورة, الطريقة شبه التحليلية, طريقة ادومين وطريقة التغاير التكرارية.في الفصل الخامس قمنا بعرض مقارنة بين الطريقة التكرارية المطورة, الطريقة شبه التحليلية, طريقة ادومين وطريقة التغاير التكرارية وتم كذلك عرض بعض الاستنتاجات والاعمال المستقبلية وقد تمت الحسابات باستخدم برنامج (الماثيماتيكا) الحاسوبي. | The main aim of this thesis is to solve the two types of Duffing equations : damping and undamping. In this thesis two iterative methods are used for solving Duffing equations. The first method is called new iterative method (NIM) or Daftardar - Jafari method (DJM) and the second method is called semi analytic technique or Temimi - Ansari method namly (TAM). Some examples will be solved to show that the proposed methods are efficient and have high accuracy and does not require any restrictive assumptions. Also, the comparison with some other existing methods, such as variational iteration method (VIM) and Adomain decomposition method (ADM) will be presented to demonstrate the effective of the presented methods. The first chapter of this thesis will be focuse of on some basic concepts of the Duffing equations, existence and uniqueness solution. The second chapter deals with the implementation of the new iterative method (NIM) to solve the damping and undamping Duffing equations and other cases of Duffing equations. Also, the second method semi analytic technique used in third chapter for solve that two types of Duffing equations damping and undamping with other cases of Duffing equations. In chapter four, we state two application of Duffing equation and solve them in DJM, TAM, ADM and VIM. In chapter five we presented the comparison between DJM, TAM, ADM and VIM and, present conclusions and future work. The used software of the contained calculations in our study is Mathematica 9.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: مجيد احمد ولي
اسم المؤلف: سيل غني عبد الرزاق

مقارنة المقدرات الكلاسيكية والبيزية للتوزيع الاسي المعكوس Comparison Classical and Bayesian Estimators for the Inverted Exponential Distribution

المستخلص: The inverted exponential distribution is a member of continuous probability distributions. It has been introduced by Keller and Kamath in (1982) when they studied the shapes of the density and failure rate functions for the basic inverse model. Recently, inverted exponential distribution has been received attention from many researchers.This study is devoted to discuss the classical and Bayesian estimation problem of the unknown parameter of inverted exponential distribution. Maximum likelihood estimator is obtained as classical estimation. Bayes estimators are obtained corresponding to informative and non - informative priors "inverted gamma, Gumbel type II, Jeffrey and extension of Jeffrey" under four symmetric and asymmetric loss functions. Also, by using Lehmann’s theorem, Bayes estimators are examined if it minimax estimators, semi - minimax estimators or not. The obtained maximum likelihood estimator along with Bayes estimators are compared empirically for different cases and multiple sample sizes using Monte - Carlo simulation method in terms of two statistical criteria which are mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Among the set of conclusions that have been reached, it is observed that, Bayes estimate for the parameter corresponding to inverted gamma prior with hyper - parameters under generalentropy loss function with large (positive or negative) value of represent the best estimate when and respectively for all sample sizes. Also, it is observed that non - informative Jeffrey's prior and non - informative extension of Jeffrey's prior with extension constant equal to one didn't record any appearance as best prior.
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: نادية هاشم النور
اسم المؤلف: سوزان فرمان باوي

المقاسات المجوفه من النمط والمقاسات شبه المجوفه من النمط Hollow Modules and Semihollow Modules

المستخلص: لتكن R حلقه ابدالية ذات محايد وليكن M مقاسا على R. Fleury في 1974 قدم ودرس المقاسات المجوفه، حيث يسمي المقاس M على R مقاسا مجوفا اذا كان كل مقاس جزئي فعلي في M مقاسا جزئيا صغيرا . العديد من الاعمامات للمقاسات المجوفه والمقاسات الجزئيه الصغيره قدمت من قبل العديد من الباحثين، بعض هذه الاعمامات هي : مقاس جزئي صغير من النمط - ، مقاس جزئي صغير من النمط - e، مقاس جزئي من النمط - F، مقاس جزئي صغير من النمط - p، مقاس جزئي صغير من النمط - T، مقاس جزئي شبه صغير، مقاس مجوف من النمط - ، مقاس مجوف من النمط - F ، مقاس مجوف من النمط ps - ، مقاس شبه مجوف. في هذا العمل، دراسة شاملة للمقاسات المجوفه من النمط -  اعطيت. من جهه اخرى قدمت ودرست المقاسات المجوفه من النمط - e، حيث يسمى المقاس M على R، مقاسا مجوفا من النمط - e اذا كان كل مقاس جزئي فعلي من M مقاسا جزئيا صغيرا من النمط - e. لدينا اولا : المقاسات المجوفه  المقاسات المجوفه من النمط -   المقاسات المجوفه من النمط - e لكن معكوس كل منها غير صحيح ويكون صحيحا تحت شروط معينه. العديد من التشخيصات، النتائج والخواص المتعلقة بهذه المفاهيم قد اعطيت. بالاضافه الى هذا، المقاسات شبه المجوفه من النمط -  والمقاسات شبه المجوفه من النمط - e قدمت ، حيث يسمى المقاس M على R مقاسا شبه مجوف من النمط -  (شبه مجوف من النمط - e) اذا كان كل مقاس جزئي فعلي منته التولد هو صغيرا من النمط -  (صغيرا من النمط - e). نتائج وعلاقات مختلفه بين هذه المفاهيم ومفاهيم اخرى ذات صله معها قد قدمت. الى جانب هذا، تم اعطاء اعمامات اخرى للمقاسات الجزئيه الصغيره والمقاسات المجوفه، تسمى شبه - (المقاسات الجزئيه الصغيره من النمط - e) وشبه - (المقاسات المجوفه من النمط - e). كذلك الخواص الاساسية لها قد اعطيت. | Let R be a commutative ring with identity and let M be an R - module. In 1974, Fleury introduced and studied hollow modules, where an R - module M is called hollow if every proper submodule of M is small". Many generalizations of "hollow module" and small submodule are introduced by several reserachers. Some of these generalizations are :  - small submodule, e - small submodule, F - small submodule, p - small submodule, T - small submodule, semi - small submodule,  - hollow module, F - hollow module, ps - hollow module, semihollow module. In this work, a comprehensive study of  - hollow module is given. On the other hand, e - hollow modules is introduced and studied. Firstly we have : Hollow modules   - hollow modules  e - hollow modules,but the converses are not true.However the converses are true under certain conditions. Many characterizations, results and properties related with these concepts are given. Moreover  - semihollow modules and e - semihollow modules are presented, where an R - module M is called  - semihollow (e - semihollow) if every proper finitely generated submodule is  - small (e - small).Various results and relations between these concepts and other related concepts are introduced. Beside these,other generalizations of small submodules and hollow modules, namely semi - e - small submodules and semi - e - hollow modules are introduced. Also their basic properties are given.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: انعام محمد علي هادي
اسم المؤلف: سميعه حسون عيدي

استخدام النمذجة الرياضية والشبكات العصبية للسرطان : نمو الورم والعلاج Employ Mathematical Modeling and Neural Networks for Cancer : Tumor Growth and Treatment

المستخلص: تهدف الرسالة الى ما يلي : ان الهدف الاول هو تقديم وتطوير نموذج رياضي يصف نمو الورم السرطاني , والذي يمكن استخدامه لتحديد معدل نمو السرطان .والهدف الثاني للرسالة هو تصميم شبكة عصبية ذات تغذية تقدمية كتقنية دقيقة متداولة لتحديد معدل نمو السرطان, والذي يمكن استخدامه لحل معادلة النموذج. والشبكة المقترحة تحاكي اولا لتحديد معلمات معادلة النموذج, ومن ثم تحاكى لتقدير معدل النمو السرطاني .واما الهدف الثالث هو تطوير الجانب النظري لمرحلة التدريب للشبكة العصبية من خلال تحسين خوارزمية شبه نيوتن, وتحسين تعميم الشبكة المقترحة ومعالجة التوقف المبكر للشبكة ومشاكل الحدود الدنيا المحلية ايضا.واخيرا الهدف الرابع هو اختبار اداء التصميم المقترح والخوارزميات في تشخيص السرطان وعلى وجه الخصوص تشخيص سرطان المثانة, وكذلك كيفية استخدام معمارية الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية ذات التغذية التقدمية للمساعدة في تشخيص السرطان في مرحلة مبكرة. | There are many aims of this thesis : The first aim is to introduce and develop a model equation that describes the tumor growth of cancer, which can be used to determine the rate of growth for cancer. The second aim of this thesis is to design feed forward neural network as an alternative accurate technique to predict the rate of the tumor growth for cancer which can be used to solve the model equation. The suggested network is simulating firstly to estimate the parameters of model equation, and then simulates to estimate the rate of the tumor growth. The third aim is to develop a conceptual theory of training stage for neural networks from suggested improvement of quasi Newton algorithm also improve the generalization of suggested networks and treating the early stopping and local minima problems. Finally, the fourth aim is testing the performance of the suggested design and algorithms in diagnosis of cancer with special reference to bladder cancer detection, also provides how the utilization of FFNN technique helps for diagnosis of cancer in early stages.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: لمى ناجي محمد توفيق
اسم المؤلف: سجى عبد الرحمن عبد الجبار

مقارنة بين خوارزميات البحث المحلي لمسائل الجدولة متعددة الاهداف A Comparison of Local Search Algorithms for Multicriteria Scheduling Problems

المستخلص: في هذه الرسالة درست مسالة جدولة n من الاعمال على ماكنة واحدة ولتصغير الدالة لمجموع اوقات الاتمام∑Ci) (مع مدى التاخير(RL).في المسالة الرئيسية 1//(∑Ci,RL) اقترحنا وطبقنا العديد من الخوارزميات (المثلى والتقريبية) التي تعطي المجموعة التقريبية للحلول الكفوءة لاول مرة لهذه المسالة. بعض النتائج التجريبية عرضت تطبيق الخوارزميات المثلى والبحث المحلي وخلال فترة زمنية معقوله ، خوارزميات البحث المحلي يمكن ان تحل المسالة حتى 900 عمل. يتم تحسين اثنين من متعددة اهداف خوارزميات البحث المحلية MOVNS2 وMOVNS3 وتعطي نتائج افضل من Geiger خوارزمية .MOVNS1 وكذلك وضعنا وبرهنا بعض المقترحات لايجاد الحلول الكفوءة .وفي المسالة الخاصة 1//Lex(∑Ci,RL) اقترحنا خوارزمية ((AP1 التي تعطي الحل الافضل للمسالة. اما في المسالة الخاصة 1//Lex(RL , ∑Ci) اقترحنا خوارزمية (MLH) وهي تطوير لخوارزمية (LH) لايجاد افضل نتائج للمسالة .وفي المسالة الخاصة 1// (∑Ci+RL) فقد وجدنا الحل الامثل او حل قريبا من الحل الامثل للمسالة بدون استخدام طريقة التفرع والتقيد (BAB) ، حصلنا على هذه الحلول من مجموعة الحلول الكفوءة للمسالة الرئيسية . | In this thesis, the problem of scheduling n jobs on a single machine with objective to minimize a function of total completion times (∑Ci) and range of lateness (RL) is examined. For the main problem 1//(∑Ci , RL), we propose and apply several (exact and approximate) algorithms, which give approximate set of efficient solutions, for the first time for this problem. Some experimental results are presented to show the applicability of the exact and local search algorithms. With a reasonable time, local search algorithms can solve the problem up to (900) jobs. Two multi - objective local search algorithms MOVNS2 and MOVNS3 are modified and give better results than that of Geiger algorithm MOVNS1. As well as we state and prove some propositions for finding efficient solutions. For the problem 1//Lex(∑Ci , RL), we propose an algorithm (AP1), which gives the best solution for it. For the problem 1//Lex(RL , ∑Ci), we propose an algorithm (MLH) which is a modification of the algorithm (LH) to find the best result for it. For the problem 1//(∑Ci + RL), we find the optimal or near optimal solution for it, without using branch and bound (BAB) method, we get these solutions from the set of efficient solutions of the main problem
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: طارق صالح عبد الرزاق
اسم المؤلف: سالي عدنان علي

عن الابنية التبولوجية في نظرية البيان On Topological Structures in Graph Theory

المستخلص: في هذه الرسالة - درسنا الابنية التبولوجية في نظرية البيان ومختلف النتائج المتعلقة بها وكذلك بعض مفاهيم باولاك وتعميمات نظرية مجموعة الاستقراب.احتوت المفاهيم الاساسيه للفضاء التبولوجي ونظرية مجموعة الاستقراب وكذلك اعطينا مفاهيم نظرية المخططات. قدمنا المفاهيم الاساسية المتعلقة بالابنية التبولوجية هي فضاء - M باستخدام نظام الدرجات المختلط في نظرية المخططات. اضافة الى ذلك المخططات المشتقة - m، المخططات المفتوحة - m، المخططات المغلقة - m، المؤثرات الداخلية - m، المؤثرات الخارجية - m والمخططات الجزئية - M درست.على الجانب الاخر درسنا الفضاءات التقريبية فوق التبولوجية باستخدام نظام الدرجات المختلط حيث قدمنا نوعين من الفضاءات التبولوجية اسميناهما الفضاء - o والفضاء - i.نحن قدمنا وقارنا بين نوعين جديدين من المؤثرات التقريبية باستخدام نظام الدرجات المختلط وجدنا ان الدقة بالنسبة الى المؤثر التقريبي الثاني تكون اكثر من مؤثر التقريبي الاول لهذا السبب درسنا بالتفصيل خواص النوع الثاني من المؤثرات التقريبية.واخيرا قدمنا تعميم جديد لنظرية مجموعة الاستقراب باستخدام عدد منتهي من المخططات باستخدام النوع الثاني من المؤثرات التقريبية. العديد من المميزات والخواص لهذه المفاهيم درست. | In this thesis, we studied the topological structure in graph theory and various related results also some pawlak's concepts and generalization rough set theory. Contained fundamental concepts of topological spaces and rough set theory and also, we introduced the concepts of graph theory. We introduced concepts concerning with topological structures, which is M - space by using the mixed degree systems in graph theory. In addition, the m - derived (respectively, m - open, m - closed) digraphs, m - interior (resp. m - closure) operator and M - subspace are studied. On the other hand, we studied supra - approximation spaces using mixed degree systems, two topological spaces are introduced, namely o - space and i - space. We introduced and compare between the two new approximation operators using mixed degree systems, we find the accuracy of the second new approximation operator is more than the first new approximation operator. For this reason we study in detail the properties of the second new approximation operator.Finally, we introduced a new generalization of rough set theory using a finite number of digraphs by using the second new approximation operator. Several characterizations and properties of these concepts are studied
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التبولوجيا
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: يوسف يعكوب يوسف
اسم المؤلف: سارة سعد عبيد

تقدير MININMAX لمعلمة توزيع ماكسويل باستخدام دوال خسارة مختلفة Minimax Estimation of The Parameter of The Maxwell Distribution Using Different Loss Functions

المستخلص: The Maxwell distribution is a probability distribution with application in physics and chemistry. The most frequent application is in the field of statistical mechanics. Hence, the importance of this study to find best estimators for scale parameter of the Maxwell distribution when there is unknown and so to obtain through Classical estimators(Maximumlikelihood estimators, Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator, and Minimum mean squared error estimator), as well as Bayesian estimators using different loss functions represented by Quadratic loss function, Precautionary loss function and Generalized Weighted loss function. And in order to get a better understanding of our Bayesian analysis, we consider the non - informative prior for the scale parameter ( ) using Jefferys prior information as well as informative priors represented by Gumbel Type II prior, nverted Gamma prior and Inverted Levy prior.All these estimators are compared empirically using Mont - Carlo simulation by employing the mean squared errors (MSE's). After that, we derived the better Minimax estimators of the scale parameter for the Maxwell distribution for all loss functions referredabove and reach to the estimators by using Quadratic loss function, and the special case of Generalized Weighted loss function, are Minimax estimators, as for Precautionary loss function is not minimax estimator.Among conclusions that have been reached, The performance of Bayes estimates using generalized weighted loss function based on Inverted Gamma prior information(GWIG03) when(k=0, c=3), is better than the performance of corresponding estimate based on Jefferys prior noninformation, Gumbel type II prior information, and Inverted Levy prior information in most cases.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: هدى عبد الله رشيد
اسم المؤلف: زينب نعيم خليفة

تقييد حلول المعادلات التفاضلية الاعتيادية غير الخطية من الرتبة الثانية Boundedness of Solutions for the Second Order Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations

المستخلص: الهدف من هذه الرسالة هو دراسة تقييد حلول المعادلات التفاضلية الاعتيادية غير الخطية من الرتبة الثانية . ان اهم الطرق التي استخدمناها لاثبات خاصية ان الحلول مقيدة هي : طرق الحل المتعارف عليها، طريقة ليبانوف، طريقة استقرارية الدارات الغائية وطريقة المنطقة الجاذبة الكلية للحلول . حيث نجحنا بالحصول على حلول مقيدة لبعض المعادلات التفاضلية الاعتيادية من الرتبة الاولى ومن الرتبة الثانية ومن الرتبة الثالثة ونظام المعادلات التفاضلية الاعتيادية من الرتبة الاولى باستخدام هذه الطرق. عدد من المبرهنات والقضايا المساعدة المتعلقة بمحدودية هذه الحلول تم اثباتها . اخيرا في نهاية هذا العمل تمت عملية رسوم الاشكال باستخدام البرنامج الهندسي : .AutoCAD | The aim of this thesis is to study the boundedness of solutions of the second order ordinary nonlinear differential equations. We apply four procedures which are methods of solution, Lyapunov method , stability of limit cycles and global attractive region to get the boundedness property of the solution. We succeed to get bounded solutions for certain first order, second order, third order and system of first order differential equation by using there procedures. A number of lemmas and theorems concerning the boundedness of the solutions have been proved.Finally, AutoCAD program is used for drawing the figures .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: سعد ناجي علي العزاوي نعمة عبد الله السلطاني
اسم المؤلف: زينب محمد جوده

مسائل جدولة الماكنة باستخدام الطرائق التامة وطرائق البحث المحلي Single Machine Scheduling Proble ms By Using Exact and Local Search Methods

المستخلص: في هذه الرسالة العمل الرئيسي هو تصغير دالة لثلاثة معايير والحاصلة من جدولة n من الاعمال على ماكنة واحدة.ولقد درست المسائل التالية : - 1 - تصغير الدالة لمجموع اوقات الاتمام , مجموع التاخير اللا سالب واكبر تاخير لا سالب.2 - تصغير الدالة لمجموع اوقات الاتمام , مجموع التبكير واكبر تبكير.في المسالة الاولى والمسائل الخاصة منها , اقترحنا بعض الخوارزميات لايجاد افضل حلول ممكنة في حالة المسائل الهرمية.واستخدمت طريقة التفرع والتقيد للمسالة 1//(∑Ci +∑Ti +Tmax).ايضا اقترحنا مع المقارنة خوارزميتان احدهما تعتمد على خوارزمية التفرع والتقيد لايجاد مجموع الحلول الكفؤة (غير المهيمن عليها) للمسالة 1//(∑Ci ,∑Ti ,Tmax) .وفي المسالة المتعددة الاهداف الثانية 1//(∑Ci ,∑Ei ,Emax) والمسائل الخاصة منها , اقترحنا في دراستنا بعض الخوارزميات لايجاد افضل حلول ممكنة في حالة المسائل الهرمية. وايضا طرائق البحث المحلية استخدمت للمسالة 1//(∑Ci +∑Ei +Emax) لايجاد حلول قريبة من الحل الامثل باستخدام خوارزمية مقترحة (AEP) والطرائق المحلية هي (Descent (D) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms).وفي الفصل الاخير من هذه الرسالة , تم دراسة العلاقة بين المسالتين المتعددة الاهداف الاولى والثانية ثم استخدمنا طريقة العد التام لمقارنة الحلول الكفؤة لاهداف المسالتين. وايضا اخذنا بنظر الاعتبار المسالة (ETP) لتصغير دالة لخمسة معايير كلفة والحاصلة من جدولة n من الاعمال على ماكنة واحدة. النتائج الحسابية للمسالتين تعتمد كثيرا على سلوك المعيار الواحد للمسالة على ماكنة واحدة.ايداء كل الخوارزميات المقترحة تم اختيارها على مجموعة من الحالات لمسالة التاخير ومسالة التبكير. النتائج الحسابية تبين ان الخوارزميات المقترحة لحل مسالة الجدولة متعددة الاهداف وعندما يكون عدد الاهداف k=3 تعطي النتائج الاصلية والتي حصل عليها الباحثين عندما k=2. النتيجة الرئيسية في هذه الرسالة هي اذا كان بالامكان ايجاد مجموعة الحلول الكفؤة لمسالة جدولة متعددة الاهداف ولk من المعايير فانه يمكن ايجاد الحلول الكفؤة لمسالة متعددة الاهداف وبعدد اقل من المعايير من k في المسالة الاصلية. | In this thesis, the main work is to minimize a function of three cost criteria for scheduling n jobs on a single machine. The following problems are discussed : 1 - Minimizing a function of total completion times, total tardiness and maximum tardiness.2 - Minimizing a function of total completion times, total earliness and maximum earliness.In the first problem and its special cases problems, we propose some algorithms to find best possible solutions for hierarchical cases. A branch and bound (BAB) algorithm is applied for the 1//∑Ci+∑Ti+Tmax problem. Also we propose and compare two multiobjective algorithms one of them is based on (BAB) algorithm to find the set of efficient (non dominated) solutions for the 1//(∑Ci,∑Ti ,Tmax) problem.For the second multicriteria problem 1//(∑Ci,∑Ei ,Emax) and its special cases problems, we propose some algorithms to find the best possible solutions for the hierarchical cases. Also Local search methods is used for the 1//∑Ci+ ∑Ei +Emax problem to find near optimum solutions by using the proposed algorithm (AEP), and local search (Descent and Simulated Annealing ) methods. The last chapter, we study the relation between the first and second multicriteria problems and then we use CEM to compare the efficient solutions for the two objectives of the two problems. Also we consider the problem (ETP) to minimize a function of five cost criteria for scheduling n jobs on a single machine. The results for the two problems are largely based on the behavior of the single criterion problem on the single machine. The performance of all the proposed algorithms is tested on a set of instances of the tardiness problem and the earliness problem. The computational results show that the proposed algorithms for solving multicriteria scheduling problem (MSP) with (k=3) criterion yields the original results given by the researcher for (MSP) with (k=2). The main result of this thesis is that if we can find the set of efficient solutions for (MSP) with k criterion, then we can find the efficient solutions for (MSP) with the same criteria and with number of criteria is less than k in the original problem.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: طارق صالح عبد الرزاق
اسم المؤلف: زينب محروز علي

المؤثرات الخطية المقيدة والاثار من النمط S S - Acts and Bounded Linear Operators

المستخلص: لتكن V فضاء بناخ معرف على الحقل F ولتكن T مؤثرا خطيا مقيدا على V ولتكن {e^x ∶x∈R}=S شبه زمرة , الصيغة للدالة (e^x,v) 〖→e〗^T (v) S×V →V تجعل من V اثرا ايسرا على S ويدعى بالا ثر التابع الى المؤثر T . في هذه الرسالة تم دراسة خصائص المؤثر المقيد بالنظر الى الاثر التابع لهدا المؤثرV_T. حيث نظرنا الى بعض المؤثرات الخطية المقيدة مثل المؤثرات الاحادية والمؤثرات الشاملة. من جهة اخرى نظرنا لبعض المفاهيم الجبرية للاثر التابع للمؤثر واثرها على طبيعة هذه المؤثرات مثل الاثر المخلص ,الاثر منتهي التولد , الاثر الفريد , الاثر الفاصل , الاثر الملتوي الحر والاثر النوتيري كما حاولنا معرفة صفات المؤثر T التي تجعل فضاءات الاثر V_T تمتلك احدى او بعض تلك الصفات .وحاولنا بيان اهمية هدا الموضوع في معرفة الصفات التحليلية للفضاء المعرف عليه (ACP)وكدلك الصفات التحليلية للمؤثر المولد لمجموعة حلول ACP) (. | Let V be a Banach space over a field F=R, let T be a bounded linear operator on V, and let S= {e^x ∶x∈R} be a semigroup with usual multiplication. We define µ : S×V →V by µ(e^x,v)=e^T (v). This function makes V a left S - act. We denote this act by V_T , and call it the associated S - act of T.In this thesis, we discuss some of the properties of bounded linear operator by looking at the associated S - act of this operator, and conversely, by looking at some operators, like one to one operator, onto operator. On the other hand, we look at some theoretic conceptual acts, like faithful act, finitely generated act, singular act, separated act, torsion free act, and Noetherian act. We try to illustrate the importance of this topic to know analytic properties for the space which Abstract Cauchy Problems defined, also analytic properties for the generated operator of the set of all solutions of Abstract Cauchy Problems.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: سميرة ناجي كاظم
اسم المؤلف: زينب عبد عطية السراج

حول تمثيل بعض انواع زمرلي وجبورلD On Representation Of Some Types Of Lie Groups And Lie Algebras

المستخلص: In this work, exploiting actions of special unitary, special linear matrix Lie groups SU(2), SL(2), a new adjiont representations ????????1, ????????2 are presented. Analogously, considering actions of the associated matrix Lie algebras ????????(2) and ????????(2) on themselves, a new adjoint representations ????????1 and ????????2 are obtained.We show that the adjoint representations ???????? : ????→????????(????), is completely determined by the generators of G and basis of ????. In particular, ????????1 : ????????(2)→????????(????????(2)),????????2 : ????????(2)→????????(????????(2)) depending only on the elements of the basis of ????????(2), ????????(2) and generators of SU(2), we prove that ????????1,????????2 are completely determined by generators of SU(2) and basis of ????????(2), ????????(2). Also, We show that the adjoint representations ???????? : ????→????????(????), is completely determined by the generators and basis of ????. In particular, ????????1 : ????????(2)→????????(????????(2)),????????2 : ????????(2)→????????(????????(2)) depending only on the elements of the basis and generators of ????????(2), ????????(2), we prove that ????????1,????????2 are completely determined by generators and basis of ????????(2), ????????(2).Moreover, the direct sums ????????1⨁????????2, ????????1⨁????????2, tensor products ????????1⊗????????2, ????????1⊗????????2 and duals ????????1̂, ????????2̂,????????1̂, ????????2̂ representations have been computed in details.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: سعد عويد بديوي
اسم المؤلف: زينب صبحي مصطفى

تقدير دالة البقاء باستعمال دالة الرتب مع درجة عضوية شبة المنحرف لتوزيع ويبل Estimation of Survival Function by using Ranking Function with Trapezoidal Membership for Weibull Distribution

المستخلص: تبحث هذه الدراسة في تقدير معلمتي الشكل والقياس لتوزيع ويبل باستخدام طريقه الامكان الاعظم Maximum Likelihood)) والاعتماد على طريقة نيوتن رافسن ,ثم تطبيق دالة البقاء Survival Function )) ودالة المخاطره Hazard Function)) لتقدير نقطه.لذلك مما يجعل الضبابيه لتقدير الفترات لمعلمات الشكل والقياس ياستخدام درجه عضويه شبه المنحرف الخطيه ,والطريقه المقترحه لايجاد الارقام الضبابيه الاخرى باستخدام (μ - σ^2) (μ+σ^2)للداله عضويه درجه شبه المنحرف الخطيه , واستخدامنا اثنين من الخوارزميات لايجاد دالة الرتب لدرجه عضويه شبه المنحرف الخطيه لايجاد قيمه واحده للمعلمات وكذلك اقتراحنا اثنين من الخورازميات الجديده لايجاد دالة الرتب لدرجه شبه المنحرف لايجاد قيمه واحده للمعلمات .ثم حساب دالة الكثافه الاحتماليه ودالة البقاء ودالة المخاطره بالنسبه للمرضى الذي يعانون من سرطان الدم اللمفاوي الحاد . واخيرا,تمت المقارنه بين الخوارزميات الخمسه باستخدام الحد الادنى لمتوسط المربعات للخطا (Mean squares error )ويستخدم الحد الاقصى (Mean time to failure)ومتوسط الوقت اللازم Median time to failure)) باستخدام عينه مختاره من المرضى الذي يعانون من المرض ,وحصلنا في دراستنا ان الخورازميه الثانيه والخورزميه الثانيه المقترحه حصلنا من خلالهما على افضل النتائج. | The present study examines the estimation of shape and scale parameters for Weibull distribution by using the maximum likelihood estimator method and relying on the Newton - Raphson method, then applying the crisp survival function and crisp hazard function to estimation of point.The interval estimation be used in shape and scale parameters employing the fisher information matrix.Therefore, making fuzzfies of interval estimation for shape and scale parameters by using a grade of linear trapezoidal membership, a new proposed technique used to find the fuzzy numbers for two parameters by utilizing (μ - σ^2) and (μ+σ^2) to make a linear trapezoidal membership function. The two functions of algorithms ranking function for a trapezoidal membership to find one value only as well as employing two new proposed algorithms of ranking function method be use depending on linear and general grade of trapezoidal membership for shape and scale parameters. Then computing the probability density function, survival function and hazard function for patients who suffer of acute lymphocytic leukemia disease for two algorithms of ranking function and two new proposed algorithms of ranking function. Finally, the five algorithms of the ranking function were compared by using the minimum mean squares error criterion, the Maximum mean time to failure and median time to failure criterions are used from, selected sample from patients who suffer of leukemia disease we get in the study result the second algorithm and the new second algorithm the best
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: ايدن حسن حسين الكناني
اسم المؤلف: زهراء فوزي جاسم

ضغط اشارة البيانات بواسطة معكوس مصفوفة هار ومعكوس تحويل هار Signal Data Compression by Means of Inverse Haar Matrix and Inverse Haar Transformation

المستخلص: ضغط الصورة يتضمن تقليل حجم ملفات الصور مع الاحتفاظ بالمعلومات الضرورية. الضغط هو عملية ضرورية واساسية لتكوين ملفات الصور ذات الحجوم القابلة للنقل. يوجد العديد من طرائق الضغط لكن هذه الرسالة تستخدم ضغط الصور بالاعتماد على معكوس مصفوفة هار ومعكوس مصفوفة التحويل لهار. وفي الطريقة المقترحة يتم ضغط الصورة الرمادية ضغطا بدون ضياع البيانات وضغط الصورة الملونة ضغطا بضياع البيانات ، والهدف من هذا الضغط هو تقليل حجم الصورة وتمثيلها باصغر عدد ممكن من وحدات القياس. بالتالي يمكن ان تسهل نقل ومعالجة الصور. الصورة تحتوي على كميات كبيرة من البيانات عند تنزيلها من الانترنت، (انه يتطلب الكثير من مساحة التخزين، والوقت واتصال انترنت سريع). ويمكن تخفيض عبء العمل هذا اذا تم ضغط البيانات. على سبيل المثال، صورة رمادية من حجم 512 × 512 لديها 262144 عنصر وصورة ملونة من حجم 512 × 512 لديها 786432عنصر للتخزين. عند استخدام اساليب الضغط، يمكننا ان نضغط نقاط الشاشة ، ولكن نوعية صورة ملونة تتاثر قليلا. عندما ينقر على الصورة للتحميل، يتم استدعاء نقاط الشاشة لذاكرة الحاسوب. وقد تم قياس اداء هذه الطريقة باستخدام نسبة قمة الاشارة الى الضوضاء (PSNR)، متوسط مربع الخطا (MSE) ونسبة الضغط (CR). واستخدمنا لقياس جودة الصورة المسترجعة عاملين هما العتبة ونسبة قمة الاشارة الى الضوضاء (PSNR). وتم التطبيق على الصور الملونة والرمادية ذات ابعاد512 ×512 ومن الصور الرمادية بصمة الاصبع والاشعة السينية وجميع الحسابات اجريت باستخدام . MATLAB R2015b | Image compression involves reducing the size of image data files, while retaining necessary information. Compression is a necessary and essential method for creating image files with manageable and transmittable sizes. There have been many types of compression Technique , but this thesis exploits image compression based on inverse Haar matrix and inverse Haar transform matrix. In the proposed method , the grayscale image has been compressed lossless while RGB image has been compressed lossy, the goal of this compression is to reduce size of image and to represent it with the smallest possible number of bits. It can facilitate the transmission and processing of image. An image contains large amounts of data when downloaded from internet, (it requires much storage space, time and fast internet connection). This workload can be reduced if the data is compressed. For instance, a grayscale image of size 512 × 512 has 262144 elements and color image of size 512 × 512 has 786432 elements to store. By using the compression methods, we can compress the pixels , but the color image quality is affected a little. When someone clicks on an image to download, the computer recalls the pixels to the computer memory. The performance of this method has been measured by using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Compression Ratio (CR) .The measure of the decompressed image quality is based on two factors ; the threshold and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Some illustration have been made to justify the proposed approach for gray and color images of size (512× 512) pixels (dimension of the image). Both fingerprint and X - ray have been tested. All programs have been coded using MATLAB R2015b.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: حسين علي حسين
اسم المؤلف: ريم طالب ميري

مبرهنات النقاط الصامدة التكرارية لتطبيقات متعددة القيم Iterative Fixed Points Theorems for Set - Valued Mappings

المستخلص: في هذه الرسالة تم اعطاء مبرهنات التقارب لمخطط تكرارات - s لبعض الفئات من تطبيقات متعددة القيم. تم تضمين هذه النتائج في اربع محاور. للمرة الاولى يتم التعامل مع هذا النوع من مخطط التكرارات لتطبيقات شبه الانكماشية المعممة للبرهنة على نتائج جديدة في نظرية النقطة الصامدة التقريبية. في النتائج الاخرى تم التعامل مع تطبيقات متعددة القيم من نوع مثل - انكماش معمم واللامتمدد وk - الانكماش الكاذب بقوة ولبشز k - الانكماش الكاذب بقوة والرتيبة. تم دراسة تطوير تكرار s والمسمى تكرار S_(prox.) للحصول على نتائج في التقارب الضعيف لتطبيقات متعددة القيم من نوع k - الانكماش الكاذب بقوة والتقارب القوي لتطبيقات متعددة القيم من نوع L - لبشز الكاذب بقوة وشبه الانكماش واللامتمددة المعممة. تم دراسة بعض المقارنات والتي هي التكافؤ بين تكرار - s وتكرار بيكارد - مان وتكرار مان ذو الخطوتين وتكرار ايشيكاوا. تبين ان تكرار - s اسرع من الاخرين عدا تكرار ايشيكاوا. نتيجة تكافؤ اخرى كانت بين S_(prox.) وتكرار بيكارد - مان. هنا، يمكن استخدام تكرار - s لحل معادلة تفاضلية تباطوئية وحل نظام بمعادلتين لتطبيقات ϕ - التراكمية متعددة القيم مع مناقشتها. بالاضافة على ماسبق تم البرهنة على نتيجة حول البيانات المعتمدة للنقطة الصامدة ونتائج تقارب لتطبيقات انكماشية تكاملية وكذلك عدد حالات تكافؤ في حالة التطبيقات ذات القيمة الواحدة. | In this thesis, general convergence theorems for s - iterations scheme in some classes of multi - valued mappings are given. These results are included in four pivots. For the first time are dealt with this kind of scheme for the general quasi multi - valued mappings to prove new results in approximating fixed point theory. Other results have been dealing with multi - valued mappings, such as, general like - contraction, nonexpansive, Lipschitz k - strictly pseudo contraction, k - strictly pseudo contraction and monotone. The modification of s - iteration, which is called s_(prox.) - iteration, have been studied to obtain results about weak convergence for k - strictly pseudo - contractive multi - valued mappings and strong convergence for L - Lipschitz pseudo - contractive multi - valued mappings, quasi - contractive multi - valued mappings and generalized nonexpansive multi - valued mappings. Some comparisons have been studied which are the equivalence between s - iteration, Picard - Mann, 2step - Mann iteration and Ishikawa iterations schemes. s - iteration is faster than others unless Ishikawa iteration. Another equivalence results is studies between s_(prox.) - iteration and Picard - Mann. Here, s - iteration method can be used to solve delay differential equations and solve a system of two multi - valued ϕ - accretive mappings with retarded argument. In addition to the above a data dependence result is proven for fixed point, convergence results for integral contraction are deduced and many equivalence cases are appointed for single - valued mappings.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: سلوى سلمان عبد
اسم المؤلف: رنا فاضل عباس

حول مقدرات التقلص لمعلمة الشكل للتوزيع الاسي المعمم On Shrunken Estimation of Generalized Exponential Distribution

المستخلص: تم العمل في الرسالة على تقدير معلمة الشكل α للتوزيع الاسي المعمم ذي المعلمتين Generalized Exponential Distribution Two parameterعندما تكون معلمة القياس λ معلومه وذلك باعتماد المعلومات المسبقة α_0 المتوافرة حول المعلمة الحقيقية α بشكل قيم اوليه وباستعمال بعض مقدرات الاختبار الاولي المقلصة ذوات المرحلة الواحدة وذوات المرحلتين Pretest Single and Double Stage Shrinkage Estimators فضلا عن استعمال بعض مقدرات الاختبار الاولي البيزية المقلصة ذوات المرحلة الواحدة والمرحلتين Pretest Single and Double Stage Bayesian Shrinkage Estimators فضلا عن استعمال ثلاث مجالات للاختبار R_i ;i=1,2,3 وبعض دوال التقلص الموزونة Shrinkage Weight Function بشكل Ψ(α ̂) اذ ان 0≤Ψ(α ̂)≤1 والتي اقترحت لتكون اما دالة ثابته او دالة تعتمد المقدر α ̂.وقد تضمنت الرسالة خمسة فصول، اذ تناول الفصل الاول مقدمة عامة عن التوزيع الاسي المعمم ذي المعلمتين GE(α,λ) عرفت من خلالها التوزيع, وخصائصه، مميزاته, وادبيات الموضوع واختتمت الفصل بالهدف من الرساله اما الفصل الثاني فقد تضمن اقتراح مقدرات الاختبار الاولي المقلصة ذات المرحلة الواحدة لمعلمة الشكل α للتوزيع الاسي المعمم ذي المعلمتين باستعمال مقدر الامكان الاعظم MLE ولمختلف دوال التقلص الموزونه ومجالات الاختبار الاولي فيما تضمن الفصل الثالث اقتراح مقدرات الاختبار الاولي المقلصة ذوات المرحلتين لمعلمة الشكل لتوزيع GE(α,λ) وللمقدر نفسه (MLE) ولمختلف دوال التقلص الموزونه ومجال الاختبار الاولي R1 . وهذا شان الفصل الرابع الذي تضمن اقتراح مقدرات الاختبار الاولي البيزية المقلصة ذات المرحلة الواحدة لمعلمة الشكل α للتوزيع الاسي المعمم باستعمال نوعين من التوزيعات الاولية وهما Non - Informative, Improper Prior distributionsوباستعمال دالة الخسارة التربيعية Squared error Loss function في حين تضمن الفصل الخامس اقتراح مقدرات الاختبار الاولي البيزية المقلصة ذوات المرحلتين وباستعمال دوال تقلص موزونه مختلفه ومجال الاختبار الاولي R1 .فضلاعن اشتقاق صيغ التحيز(Bias) ، معدل مربعات الخطا (MSE)، الكفاءة النسبية Relative Efficiency ، حجم العينة المتوقع Expected Sample Size ، حجم العينة المتوقع النسبيExpected Sample Size Proportion ، نسبة الادخار في حجم العينةPercentage of the overall sample saved واحتمالية استبعاد المرحلة الثانية Probability of a voiding the second sampleوذلك لدراسة سلوك المقدرات المقترحة ، وقد تمخض عن هذه الدراسة نتائج عددية واستنتاجات للصيغ المذكورة اعلاه من خلال محاكاة بعض الثوابت التي تضمنتها تلك الصيغ باستعمال برنامج (Mathcad) وتم وضع النتائج في جداول نهاية كل فصل.وختاما اوجدت ببعض المقارنات التي توصلت اليها من خلال مقارنة النتائج مع بعضها البعض ومقارنتها ايضا مع المقدرات الكلاسيكية والمقدرات المقترحة سابقا من قبل بعض الباحثين وذلك باستعمال بعض المؤشرات الاحصائية مثل الكفاءة النسبية ونسبة التحيز ، وقد خلصت النتائج الى ان مقدرات الاختبار الاولي المقلصة ذوات المرحلة الواحدة وذوات المرحلتين المقترحة وكذلك مقدرات الاختبار الاولي المقلصة البيزية ذوات المرحلة الواحدة والمرحلتين هي الافضل من حيث الكفاءة النسبية ونسبة التحيز. | In Thesis, estimated the shape parameter α for the Generalized Exponential Distribution of the two Parameter Generalized Exponential Distribution when the Scale parameter λ is known by relying on prior information α_0 that available about the real parameter α as initial value and by the use of Pretest Single and Double Stage Shrinkage Estimators and the pretest single and Double stage Bayesian Shrinkage Estimators in addition to the use of three regions of the test R_i ;i=1,2,3 and some Shrinkage Weight Functions Ψ(α ̂ ) such that (0 ≤ Ψ (α ̂ ) ≤ 1) which is proposed to be either constant or a function based on the classical or Bayesian estimator (α ̂ ). The thesis included five chapters, where is the first chapter 1^st dealt with a general introduction to generalized exponential distribution with two parameters GE (α, λ) through which I identify the distribution, its characteristics, advantages, and the literature Review and concluded the chapter with the purpose of the thesis, The second chapter 2^nd included the proposal of the of Pretest Single Stage Shrinkage Estimators for the shape parameter α of generalized exponential distribution with two parameters by using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator MLE, various Shrinkage Weight Functions and the pretest Regions. The third chapter 3^rd included a proposal for the Pretest Double Stage Shrinkage Estimators for the shape parameter to GE (α, λ) distribution for the same Estimator (MLE) and the for the various Shrinkage Weight Functions and Pretest Region R1.This is like the fourth chapter 4^th, which included a proposal for Pretest Single Stage Bayesian Shrinkage Estimators for the shape parameter α for generalized exponential distribution by using two types of Prior distributions which are : Non - Informative and Improper Prior distributions and by the use of squared error loss function, while the fifth Chapter 5^th included a proposal of Pretest Double Stage Bayesian Shrinkage Estimators for the shape parameter α of Generalized Exponential distribution and by using various Shrinkage Weight Functions and the area of the pretest R. Furthermore, the expressions of Bias, the Mean square error, Relative Efficiency, Expected Sample Size, Expected Sample Size Proportion, Percentage of the overall sample saved, and the Probability of a voiding the second sample had been derived in order to study the behavior of the proposed estimator. It has resulted in this study the numerical results and conclusions of the expression listed above introduced by simulating some of the constants contained in those expression by using (Mathcad) program and the results were put in tables at the end of each chapter.some of the comparisons were made between the obtained results with each of them and also with the classical estimator (MLE) and with previously estimator proposed by some researchers using some established indicators such as the relative Efficiency and Bias Ratio. the results concluded that the pretest single and double stage shrinkage estimators , as well as the pretest single and double stage Bayesian shrinkage estimators is the best in terms of the Relative Efficiency and the Bias Ratio of the classical (MLE) and Previously estimators proposed by some researchers .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: عباس نجم سلمان
اسم المؤلف: رنا عبد الحميد هادي

توزيع معكوس رايلي : خصائص وطرق مختلفة من التقدير Inverse Rayleigh Distribution : Properties and Different methods of Estimation

المستخلص: ان توزيع معكوس رايلي له العديد من التطبيقات في حالات واسعة النطاق , التي تنطوي على اختبار الحياة والموثوقية. ولذلك, فان الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هوايجاد ومقارنة اداء بعض المقدرات البيزية وغير البيزية لمعلمة القياس , , ودالة المعولية R(t) لتوزيع معكوس رايلي. وقد تم الحصول على تقدير بيز تحت استخدام خمس دوال خسارة مختلفة (مربع الخطا, تعمييم مربع الخطا , تعديل مربع الخطا , وقائية, ودي غروت) على اساس ذلك استحدمنا توزيع معلوماتي كاما "Gamma" وتوزيع لا معلوماتي متمثل بتوزيع جفري ""Jeffrey , للعثور على افضل مقدر لكل من وR(t) استخدمنا اسلوب المحاكاة مونت كارلو Monte Carlo)) لتوليد عينات عشوائية لتوزيع معكوس رايلي مع حالات واسعة . جميع المقدرات تم اشتقاقها في الجانب النظري تم مقارنتها تجريبيا من خلال توظيف متوسط مربعات الخطا MSE)) ل في حين تم مقارنة تقدير المعولية R(t) بواسطة توظيف متوسط مربع الخطا التكاملي (IMSE), ومن بين الاستنتاجات التي تم التوصل اليها، بشكل عام باعتماد التوزيع المعلوماتي الاولي Gamma)) هو الاسلوب الافضل لتقدير معلمة القياس والدالة المعولية من غيرها من التقديرات ولجميع الحالات | The Inverse Rayleigh distribution has many applications in a wide range of situations, involving life test and reliability studies. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to obtain and compare the performance of some Bayesian and non - Bayesian estimators of the scale parameter, θ, and reliability function R(t) of the inverse Rayleigh distribution. The Bayes estimation has been obtained under five different loss functions (Squared error, Generalized squared error, Modified squared error, Precautionary and Degroot loss function) based on informative prior using Gamma prior and non - informative prior represented by Jeffery prior. To find the best estimator for each of θ and R(t), We use the Mont - Carlo simulation to generate random samples from Inverse Rayleigh distribution with a wide cases. All estimators that have been obtained in theoretical part, are compared empirically by employing the mean squares errors (MSE) while, the estimates of R(t) were compared by employing integral mean squares error (IMSE). Among the conclusions that have been reached, in general, the performance of Bayes estimator for θ and R(t), with Gamma prior is the best in performance than others for all cases.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: هدى عبد الله رشيد
اسم المؤلف: رغدة خالد عارف

حول تقريب للدوال غير المقيدة بواسطة مؤثرات خطية موجبة On approximation by linear positive operators for unbounded functions

المستخلص: ان الهدف من بحثنا هذا هو دراسة افضل تقريب للدوال غير المقيدة في الفضاءات spaces , (1 ), ( ) مع نظيم موزون. وقد تمت دراسة النتائج الاتية : • اعطينا مراجعة تاريخية حول عدد من الباحثين الذين درسوا في مجال التقريب واستعرضنا بحوثهم لكي نستفيد منها في بحثنا هذا .• وجدنا تقريبا للدوال غير المقيدة بواسطة مؤثرات خطية موجبة من نوع (ديرمير) في الفضاءات الموزونة .• وجدنا تقريبا بواسطة مؤثرات خطية موجبة من نوع (بليمان - بيتزر - هان)في الفضاءات الموزونة.• وجدنا درجة تقريب للدوال غير المقيدة بواسطة مؤثرات من نوع )ساز - ميركيان - كونتروفج) والمطورة منها في الفضاءات الموزونة . | The aim of this thesis to study the best approximation of unbounded functions in the L_(P,α) - spaces (1 ≤P<∞)and (α>0) with weighted norm. The following results have been studied : - We given a historical review about many researchers who have studied such type of approximation and we demonstrate their researches in order to make use of them in this thesis. - We found approximation of unbounded functions by new Durrmeyer type D_n^* (f,x) operators in weighted spaces. - We found approximation by Bleimann - Butzer - Hahn operator C_n^* (f,x) in weighted spaces. - We found the degree of approximation of unbounded functions by Szasz - Mirakjan - Kantorovich operator K_n^* (f,x) and modified Szasz - Mirakjan - Kantorovich operator K_n^(**) (f,x) in weighted spaces.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الرياضيات
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: صاحب كحيط جاسم الساعدي
اسم المؤلف: رعد فالح حسن

البرمجة الديناميكية المواجهة بواسطة شبه الزمرة DUAL DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING VIA SEMIGROUP APPROACH

المستخلص: في هذا العمل، تم تقديم البرمجة الديناميكية المواجهة ( اقتراب غير تقليدي ) لمسالة السيطرة المثلى بواسطة شبة الزمرة المستمرة بقوة حيث عرفت دالة القيمة المواجهة VD(. , .) لهذه المسالة مع ذكر خصائصها، حيث وجدنا بان هذه الدالة تحقق مبدا البرمجة الديناميكية المواجهة ومعادلة هاملتون - جاكوبي - بلمان. كذلك تم دراسة بعض الخواص لدالة القيمة المواجهة امثال انواع متنوعة من الاستمرارية والحدودية ومن ثم استخدام هذه الخواص لاثبات المبرهنة التي تتعامل مع الشرط الكافي للامثلية. ايضا تم اثبات نظرية تحقيق مناسبة لايجاد مسيطر تغذية استرجاعية مثلى مواجهة. واخيرا تم اعطاء مثال يوضح قيمة النظرية التي تتعامل مع الشرط الكافي للامثلية. علاوة على ذلك، تم تقديم البرمجة الديناميكية التقليدية والمواجهة لمسالة السيطرة المثلى ذات البعد المنته لبولزا مع الامثلة. | In this thesis, the dual approach to dynamic programming for the optimal control problem via strongly continuous semigroup have been presented. The dual value function VD(. , .) of the problem is defined and characterized. We find that it satisfied the dual dynamic programming principle and dual Hamilton Jacobi - Bellman equation.Also, some properties of VD(. , .) have been studied, such as, various kinds of continuities and boundedness, these properties used to give a sufficient condition for optimality. A suitable verification theorem to find a dual optimal feedback control have been proved. Finally an example illustrating the value of the theorem with the sufficient condition for optimality, have been given. Moreover, the classical and dual dynamic programming for finite dimensional optimal control problem of Bolza with examples have also been introduced.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم - قسم الرياضيات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النظم الدينامية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: علوم الرياضيات
اسم المشرف: نصيف جاسم الجواري
اسم المؤلف: ديانا صالح مهدي العنبكي
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