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اليات تحفيز وتنمية تدفقات الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر العالمي الى البلدان العربية : الجزائر انموذجا == Mechanisms of Promoting And Developing The Global Foreign Direct Investment To Arab Countries : Algiers As A Model

Author name: عمر عبد الله محمد هجيج
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق حمد حسين الجبوري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تولي بلدان العالم بمختلف انظمتها الاقتصادية اهتماما متزايدا بالاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر ولاجله يتم اصدار القوانين وتنفيذ الاصلاحات , وذلك بسبب الاثر الذي يتركه في عملية التمويل الدولي بعد انحسار مصادر التمويل الاخرى كالقروض والمساعدات , بالاضافة الى المز | Take over the world in different their economies growing interest in foreign direct investment and for him is to make laws and the implementation of reforms , due to the impact in the process of international finance after the decline of other sources of financing such as loans and aid , in addition to the advantages held by sophisticated technology and create jobs and management techniques and modern art and this is why the Arab countries , including Algeria, to seek to provide a favorable investment climate to attract these investments through the issuance of the laws of investment and the granting of exemptions and privileges , but it was unable to become an important site for attracting investments , due to the existence of a set of obstacles that stand front of the attraction. This study aimed to identify the investment climate prevailing in the Arab countries in general and Algeria in particular , and the obstacles it faces and follow FDI trends and indicators for assessing and identifying the mechanisms that help to stimulate foreign direct investment to these countries. It was installed premise that follow the policies and laws based economic openness and financial liberalization will help to encourage the flow of foreign direct investment to the Arab countries. The study found a number of conclusions Perhaps the most important is that the Arab countries that have achieved a surge in investment flows to it you cannot get the benefit of adequate of these flows , and this is shown by the relative importance of foreign direct investment , as it was able to countries with polarized low investment flows from the integration of investments foreign to the national economy and thus contribute to the achievement of the objectives of economic development , on the other hand , the high contribution of foreign direct investment in the total fixed capital formation in the Arab.

تفعيل الدور التمويلي للضريبة من خلال العدالة الضريبية : دراسة حالة العراق == The Activate of The Financing Role of The Tax From Through The Tax Equity Fettle Study Iraq

Author name: عمار ممدوح عبد القادر محمد الدوري
Supervisor name: مؤيد صالح عبد القادر الشيخ
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اصبحت الضريبة في عصرنا الحديث جزءا لا يتجزا من حياة كل فرد، فهي تصيب الغني كما تصيب متوسط الدخل، وتصيب صاحب العمل كما تصيب العامل. ومن هنا تبرز اهمية التشريعات الضريبية وحساسيتها لانها تصيب الاغلبية العظمى من المواطنين، مما يتعين على الدولة الاهتمام | Tax became an indispensable necessity today, and it is stable for the independent judgments to make state organization in the rule of money and power. But the tax still in charge of psychological paid deduction may deprive the enjoyment of a portion of its assets and practical considerations here were required to reconcile these opposing interests is therefore necessary that the tax system is based on the foundations of the public treasury to ensure their rights and achieving its goals on the one hand and preserving the rights on the other hand، Citizen and mitigate the impact of tax it. Justice has set up one of the main and most important of these lines and as a key to the integrity of the tax system as well as a target destination for the system. To achieve the goal of the study, were divided in three chapters, which reviewed the conceptual framework of the study, which included on the first topic addressed the concept of tax and objectives, through the four demands addressed first requirement definition and characteristics of the tax, while the second addressed the requirement of a good tax system which By Adam Smith. While addressing the third requirement legal basis to impose the tax, which included financial contract theory and social solidarity. Finally, the fourth requirement was to address the fundamental objectives of the tax and all of the goals of economic, social and political. The second topic included the concept of tax justice and elements, through the three demands came first requirement of explain the concept of tax justice including horizontal and vertical equity. The second requirement address included the elements of tax justice (i.e. the means by which to achieve justice in taxation). This included the four pillars was equal to the tax and tax and public personality and non - duplication. While the third requirement came to distinguish between tax equity and social justice. The chapter II of this study is to review the structure of the tax system in Iraq and income tax legislation in Iraq, through the demands addressed first requirement of direct taxes including income taxes and taxes on capital. The second requirement dealt with indirect taxes, which include taxes and taxes on commodity circulation and behavior.. The second topic of chapter II addressed the income tax legislation in Iraq, where Section Demands to also address the first requirement of the concept of the income tax and the tax position of the Iraqi legislature to either second requirement was to address income subject to tax in the tax legislation in Iraq. The third and final chapter has dealt with justice and the tax achieved in the Income Tax law No. 113 of 1982, as amended, as its first address to the legislature the tax position of the Iraqi staff of tax justice. While the topic of the second look to the future turns out the tax system in Iraq calls for the liberalization of world trade. The study ended with several conclusions and recommendations

نقل التكنولوجيا وبناء القدرات المعرفية في ظل تحديات اتفاقية حماية حقوق الملكية الفكرية مع اشارة خاصة الى العراق == Technology Transference And Building of Knowledge Abilities In Condition Challenges of Agreement of Intellectual Property Rights Protected With Special Refer To Iraq

Author name: عمار محمود حميد العلي
Supervisor name: ثائر محمود رشيد العاني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In a world characterized by rapid technological change where increased innovation, research and development and expansion of the possibility of scientific application of new technology and the increasing knowledge content of goods density versus diminishing the role of unskilled labor for the benefit of human capital rates, and the goods and services of the life cycle of the shortest and greater flexibility in responding to the needs of consumers worldwide, as well as on developments in the field of discovery and use of substitute raw materials and industrial, agricultural and service purposes. Led all this to the significant changes on the level of productivity and global competitiveness and specialization in the framework of the international division of labor compound based on specialization in part Awajza of one item, specializes in every state in the feature to the stage of the production cycle Item become so knowledge including the associated high human skills The technology developed local environments capable of assimilation and development mainly competitive advantages between countries of the world to seize trade and growth opportunities, and became the Global Competitiveness Index product Kara states to determine the level of economic growth, where the witness production in developed countries, large dynamic range from full automatic Alyedjalasalebantagyh new in structural changes Adarhalanteg and to develop existing projects and modernization of production art user down to the emergence of new projects. The foundation of intense competition, and the rules of success in change, and the challenge of restructuring the economy through Alakhzbasil technology largely depends more than ever on knowledge Intensive density. The manufacture of the means of production, information and electronics industry Aladoahualberrukemoyatothit means of agricultural production and the discovery of types of varieties of agricultural plants and genetic genes as well as the development based on the technology services sector, what are the Almthelh of those areas of economic activities that has become a working knowledge of the most important rules and accessories production to keep away the economy, in light of openness and global competition, about the possibility of the use or employment of the traditional labor or raw materials known. Under the composite pattern to divide the new international work that is not characterized by the direction of the low relative costs to produce goods feature or only resource abundance features but works towards the concentration of comparative advantages according to a new scale it is mainly based on knowledge and technological superiority enjoyed by the State's specialized or have a comparative advantage in parts specific item in this area, and this works to the increasing acquisition of the benefits of specialization in international trade, especially for Thigh countries that have benefited from the opportunities offered by the case of openness, especially the developed countries by the increasing decline of the benefits that can be obtained by developing countries in the event of failure to take positions and policies and measures likely to own human capacities capable of using advancedtechnology and localization of technology and adaptation of knowledge in light of the challenges of protecting intellectual property rights, including knows Agreement (TRIPs) which has introduced in the General Agreement of the World Trade Organization by the developed countries in order to maintain what we can gain from the benefits of To keep the technology gap and knowledge and Ajajolha in a monopoly position. As these countries proceeded to promote to and should be re - WTO as an international organization concerned with the affairs of world trade in the multilateral framework of an international agreement that includes all economic respects those relating to trade in goods and services, allows the parties that possess technological knowledge to have its economic and trade advantages and wide, especially through an agreement ( TRIPs). As part of the efforts of countries in the world to join the World Trade promotion organization toward a market economy, especially the case of Iraq after 2003, it became clear that the question of accession and development and development of economic linked Balakhzbasbab technology is not only a physical as parts but by emphasizing the cognitive aspects and adapt the technology in line with the environment the local economy in line Ua as evidenced by the historical experiences of Ahmahaltakid on restructuring the economy as a way to promote economic development. And reinforce that direction and become more complex due to imposed by the WTO and should be changed to the domestic legislation and regulations in order to comply with the contents of their agreements especially with regard to the agreement (TRIPS) relating to trade in goods and services, to coincide with the difficulty and complexity of the technology itself and the challenges of transport and resettlement by importing countries , in light of the increasing spending ratios on R & D by developed countries and companies Aalimh activity, and seek to shift from the traditional economy based on trade ordinary goods to the new - based trade with the cognitive content of higher commodity economy within the framework of the so - called industries sunrise or high - dynamic products and production competitiveness. Based on this, I realized many countries, it is in order to get technology and resettlement should become the basis of which the local cognitive capacity building of the human element, and the awareness of the role that governments can play in this direction in order to accommodate the technology. Especially since the transfer of technology has become a subject mainly direct foreign investment and contracts for licensing and franchise through transnational companies and their ability to own human capital and decryption technology Package Technology Package and the creation of technological base and national in form steel and flexible able to raise productivity and competitiveness.

مؤشرات الاستدامة في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية في العراق == Sustainability Indicators In The Economic Development Process In Iraq

Author name: عماد خليل عيدان الشجيري
Supervisor name: فوزي حسين الحديثي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: There is a close relationship between the environment and development in that balanced development leads to environment preservation and a healthy environment is considered strength for the economy. However; since many political and economic systems ignore this relationship and urgently try to increase economic growth rates during the post era of World War II without considering the importance of such relationship had resulted in many issues especially the issue of (global warming, environmental pollution, natural resources depletion). This was a logical outcome for ignoring environmental factors and not merging them with economic and social factors when establishing policies, plans, and development programs. This in turn made many countries to pay increased attention to this matter and attempting to combine this environmental variable into development planning to the point where this variable became the determinant of success or failure of development plans and programs. Nothing is more indicative of such attention more than the proceeding of the earth summit conference that was held in Johannesburg in 1992 that called for the importance of integrating the environmental dimension within the fundamental dimensions of sustainable development. Despite all of that, many countries continued ignoring this variable for political and economic reasons when they plan their economic policies and of course the Iraqi planner was one that ignored this variable. Despite all the circumstances that Iraq has gone through which necessitate paying attention to this matter by policy makers; the environmental dimension was not part of development plans and programs for many years. This in turn had clear negative environmental, social, and economic consequences. This is not just due to an ineffective legislative system which tried to address such issues early through establishing laws and instructions that fix many environmental issues; but also the enforcement side of it or (oversight) was not present and was not matched with the enormous impact of crisis that environmental dimension suffered in Iraq. What further exacerbated those impacts was the absence of public awareness about environmental issues which lead to empty legislations. After 2003 and as a result of all the political, economic, and social changes represented by changing the regime and the changes in the way the economy was run where it went from an administration that is uses the central planning to an administration that is based on market economy in administration. In addition to the economic and environmental impacts that resulted from economic and development plans and programs and the policies of the previous regime before 2003 which also had consequences on many political, economic, and social aspects in Iraq after 2003. Nothing better indicates more than the retreat that happened in growth rates in most economic aspects, and the exacerbated environmental impacts represented in prevalence of intractable diseases, and bleeding and depletion of natural resources and expansion of desertification areas. This currently requires the necessity of adopting priorities in the process of merging environmental, economic, and social factors within the policies and plans and programs of development intended to be adopted after the change that happened in Iraq especially Iraq needs comprehensive construction and reconstruction for all economic sectors; this will be preceded with an evaluation and rehabilitation for its capabilities and especially its economic, social, and human resources because that is the essence and means of development. This objectives of this process should not be limited to achieving sustainable development through harmony and alignment of those three dimensions nor should those objectives be limited to the success of plans and programs of intermediate economic development; instead, this process should inspire to find the real position of Iraq as a country that possess an abundance of development resources that could help in making Iraq within developed countries. This is what this study inspired to address through focusing on the importance of establishing the ideal relationship between environment and economic development, and present the economic and development, and environmental reality of Iraq either before or after 2003. And then, identify the limitations in such reality via the study of some economic, social, and environmental indicators and ultimately hoping to adopt moderate economic, social, and environmental policies which the researcher believes would play a role in finding some kind of harmony and alignment between the requirements of the economic development and the requirements of finding a clean environment where the current and future generation could enjoy.

تحليل العلاقة بين الانفاق العام والاستدامة المالية لدول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == The Relationship Analysis Between Public Expenditure And Fiscal Sustainability of Selected Countries With Special Reference To Iraq

Author name: عماد حسن حسين
Supervisor name: عمرو هشام محمد صفوت العمري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هناك كيفيات وقواعد وبرامج معينة يمكن من خلالها تعزيز الاستدامة المالية عن طريق ترشيد الانفاق العام بصورة مباشرة وغير مباشرة، اذ ان ترشيد الانفاق العام يركز على نوعية النفقة وعائدها (على وفق مفهوم الكلفة والعائد الاجتماعيين)، اي يعني زيادة كفاءة الانفاق ا | There are specific ways, rules and programs that we can reinforce the Fiscal sustainability by rationalizing expenditure generally and directly. The rationalizing of Public expenditure focuses on the quality of expenditure and revenue(according to the concept of cost and revenue two Socialist).It means the increase of public expenditure efficiency to a high possible degree. Fiscal Sustainability depends on the long term, future expenditures and revenues expectations ,and according to these expectations the current policies will be amended by the increase or decrease of the expenditures or revenues. The research starts from the hypothesis that participate in rationalize the public expenditure negatively and directly in raising the government ability. The test of this hypothesis aims to achieve the goals of research. So, the thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter one discusses the theoretical frame and the relationship between the. Chapter two came with title Analyzing the Economical and Fiscal variables for the selected sample states for the period from 1990 to2013.While, chapter three discusses to measure, analyze the Economical and Fiscal variables for the elected sample states for the period from 1990 to 2013. The research was concluded with a group of conclusions and recommendations that were derived from the quantity and quality sides from the research. All that will reinforce the mechanism of rationalize public expenditure and improve the Fiscal sustainability in Iraq.The researcher concluded that the market of the public internal debt forms a reforming way by reinforcing its structure, because the existence of such strong internal market will provide additional funding resources, and then will be a source of economical stability by supporting growth. This requires and needs a cooperating support for both sectors, the private and the general to guarantee unifying efforts toward reinforcing Fiscal sustainability.It is necessary to put a careful timeframe for the debt rate to the result ,and avoid the oil internal fluctuations and build the general budget relying on the moderate oil price with middle term scenarios, and keeping the financial surplus in financial stability fund in decreasing the debt impediment.

الاثار الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لسياسات الاصلاح الاقتصادي في مصر والعراق == The Economic And Social Effects of The Economic Reform Policies In Egypt And Iraq

Author name: علي كاظم هلال
Supervisor name: عباس جبار الشرع
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The research in all aspects of Economic Reform Policies is consider as a wide subject in its a broad and complex in its contents , the first Side of those policies relate with the overall demand , Starting from the nature of the link between the accumulation of debt and its problems and the necessary adaptations to be implemented within the national economy , To correct the imbalance in the balance of payments of the fiscal and monetary and price policies those associated with short term , So , the Second aspect concerns with the overall offer which associated with the mechanisms of market and the internal nature which specified the role of the state in the implementation of the required adjustments in all macroeconomic policies to raise the efficiency of resource allocation and the creation of the legislative environment related to the medium term and long - term. Both Egypt and Iraq have adopted the Economic Reform Policies supported by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank ( WB & IMF) After intensification of the external debt crisis and the decline of various economic and social indicators ,since the historical facts highlights that despite of the historical difference between the application of approved programs, but the general conditions that are used in Egypt, Iraq, enlisting the help of IMF is similar to a large extent with each other, as we note that an major internal imbalance and external deficits and a significant jump in inflation and a sharp deterioration in all macroeconomic indicators The study is divided into four chapters, the first chapter included Tries to represent the theoretical and conceptual of Economic Reform Policies and Human Development , while the second chapter Dealt with the analysis and Evaluation Economic Reform Policies and its impact in the human development in Egypt. Chapter third with the analysis and Evaluation Economic Reform Policies and its impact in the human development in Iraq. This study aimed to shed light on the policies of Economic Reform Policies followed by Egypt, Iraq, and their success in addressing the structural imbalances, whether to create a stable environment or through the necessary legislation to shift toward a market economy, and then know the effects that can be induced in human development indicators. The survey work started from the premise that the Economic Reform Policies - backed (WB & IMF) and which were subject to application of Egypt and Iraq were not feasible active and remained unable to address economic and social imbalances, which adversely impacted the decline in human developmentindicators The study found that compliance with the prescriptions (WB & IMF) have had negative implications for economic and social, it did not lead to the prosperity and social welfare in those countries and contributed to the dismantling of their existing economic , rising unemployment and spreading poverty among the population

التخطيط الاستراتيجي للنهوض بمشاريع شبكات الصرف الصحي في محافظة الديوانية : مشروع ال حمد انموذجا == Strategic Planning Projects For The Advancement of Sewage Networks In The Province of Diwaniyah (Project Al Hamad) Model

Author name: علي فاهم جعفر سلمان
Supervisor name: فيصل اكرم نصوري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد قطاع الصرف الصحي من القطاعات المهمة التي تسهم في توفير خدمات مهمة للمواطنين الا ان هذا القطاع تعرض الى تدهور وتخريب معظم منشات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي بما فيها من محطات الضخ نتيجة الحروب المتلاحقة والحصار الاقتصادي والتدهور السياسي والامني ما بعد عام | The sewage sector of the important sectors that contribute to the provision of important services to the citizens, however, the sector subjected to the deterioration and destruction of most of the facilities sewage treatment including pumping stations as a result of successive wars and the siege of economic and political security post in 2003 and deterioration resulting in a decline in the level of services provided to citizens.As for sewage services it is still below the required level despite the magnitude of the investment exaggeration allocated to this area, and that the national development plans (2010 - 2014) in Iraq and what followed from the plan did not come into force because of the security and economic deterioration in the country did not meet the needs of this deteriorating sector, both public and private, and that the main problem in dealing with this situation is the weakness in the planning offset poor in the design and implementation by companies on the ground, which calls for a serious stand by the decision - makers to take advantage of the strengths and the opportunities available by and reduce vulnerabilities and to overcome threats from the other side.We conclude from the above that there is a real problem in the wastewater sector in Iraq in general and in the province of Diwaniyah in particular, including Hamad project of the province of Diwaniyah and the suffering of the problems and the possibility of its development through the selection of companies that have experience and specialization in the implementation of the sewage sector projects and choose the alternative optimized for the implementation of the lagging ones, and to benefit from the outputs of sewage recycling operations in economic terms using the experiences of selected countries.

سياسة دعم الاسعار لقطاع الكهرباء في العراق == Support Prices Policy In The Field of Electric Power Generation In Iraq

Author name: عـلي طالب حسيـن السعدي
Supervisor name: مناهل مصطفى عبد الحميد العمري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد سياسة دعم الاسعار من الادوات التي تستخدمها الدولة للتاثير على مستوى الاسعار بطريقة تسهم في اعادة توزيع الدخول او جعل الاسعار مستقرة نسبيا بما يلائم مستوى الاجور او دعم عملية الانتاج من اجل زيادة منتوجات المرفق، وهذا يعني خلق محفزات تشجيعية للمنتج وا | The support prices of the tools used by the state to influence the price level by reducing or increasing prices in a way contribute to the re - distribution of income or make prices relatively stable to suit the level of wages or support the production process in order to increase the facility products policy ,This means creating incentives incentive for the product and the consumer and achieving economic well - being,, And this policy is the set of actions and the foundations and principles associated with achieving certain goals, whether social or economic support is reflected in the budget to be defined according to a specific Emperical support program for a period of time usually a year, This research and support prices for the electricity sector policy on the grounds that the electricity sector of the vital sectors and the main engine of the economy and the various activities and in spite of continued support for the electricity sector for many years But this support did not achieve the desired goal and directing this support is the right locality where this support directed to meet the electricity sector losses resulting from pricing policies wrong and fixed costs that continued upward as a result of what he suffered this sector of the destruction of most of the production, transmission and distribution stations operations because of the circumstances experienced by Iraq ,So we are trying through this study can make support for the electricity sector heading the right way through what has been put Sinaryohat help from the electricity sector to benefit from the support as well as setting pricing policies suited to the current economic situation in Iraq and try to advancement of the electricity sector

قياس وتحليل اثر السياسة النقدية في بعض متغيرات الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 1995 - 2013 == Measure And Analysis The Effect of Monetary Policy In Some Variables of The Iraqi Economy For The Period 1995 - 2013

Author name: علي صبيح حسون
Supervisor name: هناء عبد الحسين محيميد الطائي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The analyses of monetary policy according to various developments which required the analyses the course and curriculum of monetary theory and through the role of money in the economy.Some see that money is influence and causative element in economic development and economic activity in general and on the long term.Others see that there is a relation between money offer and economic development but it is not causative relation but it is complimentary relation.Occurrence of the change in the monetary amounts is not considered the basic elements that cause economic development but it is the necessary condition.As the monetary policy is one of the total economic instruments which could have a role in in achieving the economic stability in Iraq.Thus the Central Bank of Iraq must Activate its monetary instruments.This research started from the theory that " there is a dynamic positive relation between the influence of the monetary policy and some of economic variables represented by ( exchange price ,inflation rate, gross national production ,interest price ,money of supply , general price indicator ).This may be interchangeable influence and each one direct towards the other ".The importance of the this research comes from the analyses of features and direction of monetary policy in Iraq before and after 2003 and analyses and study the monetary policy with some economic variables in Iraq in the light of Central Bank independency as well as tin measure the influence of monetary of economic changes in Iraq in the period1995 - 2013.The most important conclusions we found in the study is that the central Bank has made many amendments on the interest rate (policy rate) for the purpose of reforming, development of the financial institution in particular, and to add a state of economic stability in general and to fight deflation and confronting the stock speculation. In addition to that and through the quantitative aspect the degree of responding to the general level of prices to the changes is (0.807) which means that the changes resulted in the GDP in percentage of %100 leading to a change in the general level of prices in rate of (%80.7). the general level response of the interest rate is (2.27) which means that the changes in the interest rate is (%100) leading to a change in the general level of price of percentage (%227.,) while the degree of response to the general rate of changes in the monetary supply is (1.080) which means that the change in the monetary supply is (%100) leading to changes in the general level of prices in percentage of (%108). That indicates the fact that the exchange rate has a role in effecting the general level of prices and the less important thing is that monetary supply influence the general level of prices which marks the weakness of the real sectors of the Iraqi economy. The most important recommendations are the Central Bank daily interference in the exchange rate for the purpose of maintaining the stability of the Iraqi dinar rate to confront the expectations of deflation. If the Central Bank does not interfere, then sever deviations will occur on the general level of prices and deflator pressures occur

كفاءة الانفاق الحكومي وفق معايير العدالة التوزيعية في العراق للمدة 2003 - 2013 == The Efficiency of Government Spending According To The Distributive Justice Standards In Iraq

Author name: علاء حسين سعيد الزيدي
Supervisor name: حمدية شاكر مسلم الايدامي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تؤدي السياسة المالية دورا مهما في الاقتصاد القومي من خلال العمل على تخصيص واستخدام الموارد الاقتصادية وتوزيعها على مجمل الانشطة باختلاف انواعها والتاثير في حجم الطلب الكلي, وتمثل السياسة المالية ذراع الدولة المهم في تنفيذ سياستها الهادفة الى تحسين المست | Financial policy practices an important and big impact in the national economy through the Work on the allocation and use of total resources and distribut it on the the overall activities of different kinds and the effect in the size of the total demand and the Income policy of support and social expenditures, The financial policy represents the Important arm of the state In the implementation of its policy which is aimed to improve Standard of living and raise the level of social care.Achieving these goals depends directly on the effeciency of the financial management of the govermantal expenditure which representes one of the most important tools of the financial policies and the most influential in achieving goals Which should take into account social dimensions as well as economic dimensions, Market failures in providing public services and the private sector inability to provide it, made the state infront of main tasks to provide these services and And work to correct the imbalances and the advancement of their improvement in order to achieve the desired goals, thus the improvment of the living standards came through the elimination of unemployment and reduce its levels povrety reduction and reducing the number of poor by providing and improving projects and increase support towards the poorer classes Advancement of social care and increase the quantity and quality of inclusiveness for the disadvantaged and raise the level of education and the advancement of Its reality and raise its efficiency and work to develop it is the most important and the most prominent targets of government spending.The government seeks to achieve a high efficiency of government spending depends on the provision and the allocation and implementation of government programs optimally and efficiently to ensure the achievement of the efficiency of financial inputs and its technical outputs based on which the efficiency of government spending and the quest to achieve economic, social and political goals are judged.The government spending in Iraq and what it witnessed from changes and developments, especially after 2003, which it outweighed consumption expenditure at the expense of capital expenditure and the increasing support and diversity of its trends towards improving the living coditions for members of the society by seeking to achieve a fair distribution of income and improving the standards of living and reducing the poverty and unemployment and raise the level of education and the advancement of its reality did not achieved its goals in raising the standard of living, and achieving a high and advanced level to the distributive justice in Iraq, where it produced us a high levels and rates of unemployment, at all its levels and categories, as well as unproductive underemployment which dominates most of the state institutions which result in a high situations and levels of poverty and deprivation in a large segment of society so the incomes and the ration card and the social care as the most important mean of support directed towards the poor was not with high efficiency and importance to achieve its goals, it has seen a decline and a decrease in the levels of customization, implementation, and optimization of resources, To reflect negatively on education in achieving its objectives and the advancement of its low in terms reality as the government expenditures that directed toward this vital and important sector away from the desired level of ambition in making fundamental radical changes to improve its performance in terms of financial allocations and level of education desired.The researcher reached a major conclusion that requires the necessity of reconsidering allocations and raise the levels and restructured in the way that will ensure its orientation towards the main goals of achieving a high level of distributive justice and implementing and exploiting of expenses allocated optimally efficient and without any deviation from the planning and governmental programs established path, This is because the elements of allocation and implementation are two essential and important standards to achieve efficiency, because there is no point of allocation of funds without a good and efficient implementation, as well you can not achieve a good and efficient implementation of government programs and plans without the presence of an appropriate financial allocation that is sufficient to achieve the drawn goals and plans and that the state is seeking to achieve

تحليل موضوعية مؤشرات التنمية البشرية في ظل العوائد النفطية في العراق للمدة 2003 - 2014 == Objective Analysis of Human Development Indicators In The Light of Oil Revenues In Iraq For The Period 2003 - 2014

Author name: عقيل مكي كاظم
Supervisor name: لورنس يحيى صالح
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الاستثمار بالبشر عبر التنمية البشرية, لهو واحد من افضل واهم الاستثمارات نظرا لقابلية هذا المورد البشري على التجدد والتطور بمرور الزمن بالمقارنة مع نظيره المورد المادي الناضب بمرور الزمن, خصوصا اذا ما اتيحت لهذا للمورد البشري مستويات متقدمة على صعيد ا | That investing in human beings through human development, and one fun of the best and most important investments due to the ability of this human resource regeneration and development over time compared with his material supplier depleted over time, especially if they are given to the human resource advanced levels on the health front, education, level of living.. these three important elements which are indispensable for any people of the peoples of the world with him, they are the basics and requirements of the modern life of the States in search of better standard of living under the formed human development umbrella originally from these three elements, which was hoped for was promoted by the sense that guaranteed to be reflected actually not digitally on the ground reality in Iraq, which is in dire need of such development in the light of the challenges that have suffered and suffered since for quite some time, especially after 2003, after this year, Iraq has got the oil revenues growing annually on the grounds that revenues that finance the annual budgets overshadowed by oil revenues primarily, but despite this growing revenue, the actual impact on human development indicators have not Iike objective level when our analysis with a way that parallels the increase in financial returns, although digital increase is taking place at the level of indicators of the three aspects of human development, this increase the digital non - objective is far from reality, which suffers in most cases, many of the phenomena and the negative effects that disappeared behind this digital increase to the extent that is possible to be described when we have the a non - objectivity in comparison with the size of the growing annual revenue on the one hand and in comparison with Turkey states and the United Arab Emirates On the other hand

دور الصناعات الصغيرة للنهوض بالاقتصاد العراقي == Role The Small Industrial To Rise The Iraqi Economics

Author name: عقيل عبد الحسين عودة الطائي
Supervisor name: اسعد جواد كاظم الانصاري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

البنك المركزي والاقتراض الحكومي

Author name: عفراء هادي سعيد
Supervisor name: عوض فاضل اسماعيل الدليمي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The common thoughts among the economists until the 1970’s decade, were that the financial policy had important expanding influences on the real total product development, and according to this opinion, the increase in the size of government agreement could participate in increasing the rate of economic growth, and a complained with the thoughts on increase in requesting the government to interfere in the economic activities to face the negative traces (results) which were by the monetary and financial which also threatened the international economy, in spite of the negative wan traces. With the expansion of the governmental interference , the growth of its need for the financial resources to cover it’s increasing growth expenditures facing the lack in it’s normal financial resources , which resulted in a continuos lack in the general budget , which also motivated the countries to search for ways that could participate in enhancing this lack.In order to assure obtaining these resources locally , the countries went towards expanding it’s law and administrative relation ships with the central banks in order to influence on tasks of these banks in a way that could facilitate it’s obtaining for credits and depts and facing the governmental lack first and constituting the central banks in the countries that miss these banks secondly.But , this interference by the government in the economic activity did not stop the down rise in the economic situation , cause the negative results were reflected on the national economy through an increase in the monetary establishment and the upraise in the cash flow size , these results were expanding just on the value of the general governmental dept in one hand , and on the nature of the relation between the government and the central bank in the other hand , which caused an uprisal in the aims resisting it , and that was also just in time with the developments witnessed by the economical thinking attempting to bring back the classical libralic thoughts which went through the world in the two centuries the 18th and 19th , and after noticing the government interference to stop and limit the expansion of the economic disasters , this interference was under great disappointment from the new classic libralic thinkers.Thus , the economical developments witnessed by the advanced countries were associated with the emerge of the globalization phenomena and the regression of the government economic role , and the limiting the negative results for the governmental dept and to demand the avoidance for the central banks from the government influence and it’s effects on determining the monetary policy , these changes were accompanied by determining functions at the central bank in order to minimize the inflation.These developments anticipated in limiting the governmental volume because of the law constrains which were included in the law of central bank and to limit and stop the negative results and effects resulting from the governmental dept process from these banks, specially in the industrials advanced countries Study assumption The central bank has a role in supplying and financing the government, but the increased depending on this source and what comes with it of bad results , like increase in the inflation rates and affecting negatively on the monetary policy, that explained the attempt especially in the advanced industrial countries, to independence from the government influence in order to minimize the negative results. The study goal1. Determining the central bank’s links and it’s relation with the government and the nature of the logical relation with the government. 2. Determining the financial relation between the central bank and the government ,and determining the explaining factors for having the government willing to obtain the credit from it.3. Studying the effectiveness of central bank independence in determining and limit the inflation and financing the government in the industrial and growing countries.The Study (Progress) In order to reach the study goals , the research was divided to three chapters, each one of them contains several metho - dolagies and theories. in addition to the confusion and recommendations as follows : The first chapter was concerned with the initial establishment of the central banks and its relation with the government through four searches, the first was specialized in studding the historical development for the birth of central banks , while the second search was with what were the central banks and the development it witnessed , while the third search handled the central banks tasks and it’s great relation with the monetary and financial inventories for the government , finally , the fourth search was concerned with the logical nature of the central banks relation with the government. The second chapter came with the address of the financial relation between the central bank and the government, and it was covered through five searches, the first handled defining the general dept and it’s laws, and the second focused on the establishment of internal general dept, while the third factors came with an address of the explaining factors for having the government lend the loons from the central bank. The third chapter was concerned with the central bank independence and it’s reflections on the government dept. And that was through three searches , the first was defining the central bank independence , the second focused on the effect of the relation between the central banks and the government historically ,the third specialized in studying the economic reflections for the central bank dependency. Finally the study was sent with set of conclusions and recommendations were related with the search assumption and nature of the central bank’s independence in a general way

تحديد المزيج الانتاجي الامثل في شركة واسط العامة للصناعات النسيجية باستخدام اسلوب البرمجة الخطية == Determination of The Optimal Product - MIX In General Wasit Company For Textile Industries By Using The Method of Linear Programming

Author name: عرفان جليل كريم الشمري
Supervisor name: صلاح مهدي عباس البيرماني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The importance of planning increased in general and production planning in particular and its role maximized over years, being the basic pillar that are depended in planning the branch activities concerned, and a method for organizing economic in different countries and it has its basic rules and methods the matter that motivates us to study it in details.The men who are responsible for production planning face the problem of choice between the number of available possibilities and all these problems are solved according to the personal approbation and practical experience, but when the choice problems become complex, it becomes difficult to depend on experience and experiment only to reach to the right choice ( the ideal ) and then the new mathematical methods mush be used to solve these problems.Accordingly, the idea of focus on linear programming is originated which became one of the methods that are most used in the field of different establishments production planning by showing the effectiveness and efficiency of this method in expressing the production plans with quantitative method, and if me look deeply and in auditing way to the different production processes if me find that it is possible in many situation, to get certain product in many technical methods by using varied production methods, that in the industrial applications, there are a large number of industries that allowing to substitute certain types of items with others.the deep analysis of production methods shows that the production methods that use the same methods cannot be of one or similar characteristic or descriptions but They one Different from each other in one characteristic or other, and thus, the research find that in spite the first and quick view of production process may lean an impression that for each product a defined method for its production or it requires the using of certain resources, but the fact that there are a large number of solutions that are possible for each production question beginning from choosing the items that are necessary for production and ending with the method of products transforming and distributing, and practically, the persons who are responsible for production planning in the establishment face different production problems that require the ideal and suitable solution within the group of possible solution that the best possible solution when the production resources are limited is the solution that secures the larger possible result from exploiting these resources.The process of finding the ideal solution is very complex, as the quantity of possible solutions is very cage, the matter which makes the process of choosing the ideal solution among them by comparisons need along time and a big effort and then the work becomes impossible practically and here the vole of mathematical programming came which provide the men who are responsible on production planning in the establishment with mathematical method, especially the method of linear programming which allows the finding of ideal solution for production and economic questions without the resourcing to the studying of all possible solutions and their comparison.

فاعلية السياسة النقدية ودورها في الاستقرار الاقتصادي في العراق للسنوات 1991 - 2006 == Effectiveness of Monetary Policy And Its Role In Economic Stability In Iraq For The Years (1991 - 2006)

Author name: عدنان محمد حسن الشدود
Supervisor name: مصطفى مهدي حسين
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

القدرة التنافسية لبعض الاقتصادات العربية مع اشارة خاصة للعراق للمدة 2004 - 2007 == Competitiveness For Some Arabian Economies With Special Reference To Iraq For Period (2004 - 2007)

Author name: عدنان فرحان عبد الحسين الجوارين
Supervisor name: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي | زهرة حسن عباس التميمي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اهمية الرقابة على مشروعية العقود الحكومية في محافظة ميسان == The Importance of Control On Government Contracts Legality In Maissan Province

Author name: عبد الزهره حسين نجم العطواني
Supervisor name: فضيلة سلمان داوود
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الرقابة على مشروعية العقود الحكومية احدى الوظائف التي تمارسها الادارة والتي ترتبط ارتباطا وثيق الصلة بالعملية الادارية وتعد في الوقت نفسه الاداة الفعالة لتحقيق الاهداف التي تسعى المؤسسات الحكومية لتحقيقها والمتمثلة في اشباع الحاجات العامة، كما ان نظ | Control system on government contracts is considered as one of the most important functions conducted by the management, which is tightly linked to supervising on the management processes in away helps the government corporate achieve its strategic objectives. Control system on the management processes is considered as well as a reflective mirror to the quality of the work done by the management.The control system on the government contracts points out any defected or legally breached actions which helps the management to modify it through uncovering the deviations happening away from the path of the corporate strategic or operational plans and sheds light on the causes and proposes solutions to deal with them. The control system helps in making sure that the financial actions match the valid authorities, regulations and instructions and ensures that the authorities granted to the management are not used negatively or unfairly. It makes sure are as well that that management is not overriding the individuals rights and freedoms because the main purpose of these authorities is helping the management conducts its tasks and functions smoothly. Based on the above, the researcher chose - through the practical side of the research sample - to study everything related to the government contracting activity administratively, technically and legally in order to : • Determine the supervisory role on the legality of the government contracts. • Identify control system's ability to cease the administrative and financial corruption phenomenon. • The direct impact of the control system in guiding the management decisions to be within the framework drawn to it by the law and the constitutionThe researcher relied on a set of reports and resources that helped him to a bunch of important conclusions and recommendations, such as : • The poor performance of the internal control devices of the government corporate may cause in a lot of financial mistakes. • The poor performance of the internal control devices of the government corporate may result in the emergence of corruption, which leads to a lack of accountability means which is related to the financial irregularities.• Inaccuracy in preparing projects' cost estimation which leads to the public money waste. • Accuracy should be considered as much as possible in order to achieve the targeted objectives. • The justice in distributing the financial allocations among the administrative units enhances trust in the control system devices.

تقويم اثار برامج التصحيح الاقتصادي في المملكة المغربية

Author name: عبد الجبار هاني عبد الجبار السامرائي
Supervisor name: علي عبد محمد سعيد الراوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحليل اثار السياستين النقدية والمالية على بعض المتغيرات الاقتصادية الكلية لدول مختارة للمدة 1998 - 2008 == Analyzing of Effects of Monetary And Fiscal Polices On Some Aggregate Economic Variables For Selected Countries For The Period 1998 - 2008

Author name: عبد الجبار هاني عبد الجبار السامرائي
Supervisor name: علي عبد محمد سعيد الراوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of monetary policy and financial policy is considered to be one of the most important and revived subjects, according with the revival and change of the economic variables which are reflected in the different economic indicators; which the effects of the two mentioned policies can be analyzed through them, separately or together.Analyzing the effects of the two policies is an overlapping and a considerable matter, because the two policies have overlapping and considerable aims and tools. In addition, they may be affected sometimes by the economic changes and they become - or one of them becomes - a cause of the change in the economic activity, i.e. stand behind the event instead of leading it. This matter requires continuous monitoring, evaluating and adaptation of the aims and tools of the two policies via their middle and final indicators.The subject of monetary policy and financial policy is considered to be very important in different economic systems and economies; whether they were directed with a specific degree or follow the market mechanism in managing their economies with a contrast in the relative importance of one policy comparing with the other one, via the contrast of the economic system and its development degree. Mostly, the directed economies appear in the financial policy; while the monetary policy appears in the economies which follow the market mechanism due to the independence of the monetary authority. Also, the degree of the country economic development and the availability of the financial and monetary abilities have a role in showing which policy is the most effective in achieving the economic aims; whether in overcoming a crisis or a defect, or in achieving a continuous and everlasting development.The subject of monetary policy and financial policy has been discussed; either each policy has been discussed separately or both of them have been discussed together in many researches and studies in the local (in Iraq) and international levels. Many of them were precious researches and studies, and they determined the principals of the two policies work and the intersection and contrast points between them. Most of the studies issued by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Central Bank assured that the problems, related to economy, of the developing countries are due to incorrect monetary and financial policies. They are exaggeratingly expanding, restricting, or contrasting between the functions of the two policies. Also, these studies mostly speak about the typical construction of the tow policies (Optimal Policies). In addition, these studies discuss what the developing countries suffer from, including structural problems in spite of the availability of the financial and monetary abilities, especially in Iraq and Saudi Arabia, in order to achieve great steps in progress, development and promotion. This study is considered to be a contribution which may be helpful in the researches and studies series in analyzing the effects of the two policies together in the economy activity cycle.THE RESEARCH IMPORTANCEThe research discusses the most important problems and aims which most economies work hard to overcome or achieve via the correct launching point, which is depending on real, ambitious and effective monetary and financial policies; according to the problems and defects which the countries of this study suffer from, and the resources, available abilities and the nature of the international status of these countries, and the effects of all these factors in the local economic decision of the countries under study.THE AIM of THE RESEARCHThe research aims to reach and be close to the intersection points in the work of the two policies, by meeting and coordination or by contrasting in order to reach a degree of coordination between the two policies in terms of tools and aims. The monetary policy may tend to be expanded in its tools like the public debts, while the financial policy tends to adjust the monetary supply and control the inflation. Also, complications may differ in their amounts in each policy, i.e. the tax complication of the financial policy may achieve an effect which contrasts with the complication of the monetary policy in spite of tending the two policies to have the same aim and direction. THE PROBLEM of THE RESEARCHTheoretically, there is a contrast problem between the ideological schools, especially the treasury and monetary schools, in adopting the suitable financial policy or monetary policy.While practically, there is a problem of weak coordination between the monetary and financial authorities in adopting the priority of the aims and tools.THE geographical elementThree countries were chosen : Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Iraq; with giving Iraq the priority in the analysis and investigation, especially it witnesses a new trial of following monetary and financial policies based on the market mechanism after (2003). Previously, Iraq followed a central planning system in managing its economy. Jordan and Saudi Arabia were chosen because they represent a geographical, historical and economic propagation of Iraq, because they achieved great steps in the economic correction, which is considered to be a new trial in Iraq. Also, the yielding economy of Saudi Arabia is similar to that of Iraq in many of its components.While Jordan has a limited economic resources and it mainly depends on the external grants and relieves, and its trade with the neighboring countries, especially Iraq. Thus, it forms a tolerable trial in the field of applying the economic reforms comparing with close trials in their economic characteristics.THE ELEMENT of TIMEThe period of (1998 - 2008) was chosen as the programs of economic correction had been appeared in that period obviously in Jordan and Saudi Arabia; and the monetary and financial policies began to take their roles more obviously and effectively in overcoming the temporary crisis in particular, and directing towards the long - terms aims. In Iraq, this stage witnessed great and significant changes. In 1998, the Iraqi economy began to adapt to the economic embargo; and the monetary policy began to play the greatest role in moderating the uncontrolled inflation at that time and indicating that the monetary policy was not very effective due to the subordination of the monetary authority to the financial authority at that time. The period after (2003) witnessed significant changes after occupying the country and eliminating the international sanctions which was imposed since (1991). Iraq pursued towards a new economic philosophy in managing the economic activity, and adapting a free economic system and the market mechanism in managing the economic activity.THE RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONThe research based on the assumption of the independency of the monetary and financial policies in determining the priority of aims and adopting the tools and the middle and final aims. But both of these policies intersect via economic variables which differently affect the economic activity in a contrast way or in a coordinating way. The monetary policy was more effective in treating specific defects in the economies under study, or in stimulating specific economic variables. While the financial policy, was more effective in other variables or in treating specific defects

الامن والتنمية : دراسة حالة العراق للمدة 1970 - 2007 == Security And Development Studing Iraq Case For The Period 1970 - 2007

Author name: عباس علي محمد
Supervisor name: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The relationship between security and development is at a large degree of overlap and imbrications ,where the security plays a positive role in achieving development by creating the appropriate atmosphere to achieve its objectives. Also ,the security destructs its pillars and blocks its steps if it is not available in a required extent and format. In other hand , development plays a role in achieving security through the provision of the potential financial and material needs. In the case of the absence of this support ,thedegradation and loss are the natural results of the security.So, the security and development represent the parties of the stability and prosperity equation.This reflects the situation in Iraq where the security and development walk in opposite directions ,especially at the beginning of the eighties of the last century ,despite the change that happens in 2003 ,which led to the interaction between the two.But ,the development after the planning to go in the right direction that has emerged through the improvement of economic and social indicators during the seventies ,results in slide and fall because of thinking in security through the provision of military capabilities. Atthe same time ,the security is weekend and missed as a result of the expansion of the armed and unarmed threats.All these give the great importance to this subject and the conducting of this study.

فاعلية اداء الاسواق المالية في ظل الازمات الاقتصادية في بلدان مختارة == Effectiveness of The Functioning of Financial Markets In Light of Economic In Selected Countries

Author name: عامر عمران كاظم المعموري
Supervisor name: ثائر محمود رشيد العاني | هناء عبد الحسين الطائي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In this study, the light had been shed on the relationship between of indicators stock market and business cycle in selected countries ,the study has been divided into three main chapters in order to test the validity of this hypothesis and achieving the aims of this study. The first one forms a conceptual and ideological of study and included three basic section. The second chapter dealt with Analyzing framework of study included two basic sections. While , chapter three has concentrated on the measure and analysis of the Feed back between stock market and business cycle. The study sample consist of six countries : USA, Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia, Korea, Egypt. It uses annual data covering the period (1983 - 2006).By using the Hsiao causality test has been used determine the direction of causality between indexes of stock market and business cycle.This study has yielded (concluded) many results from the theoretical and mathematical (econometric)First : "the conclusions of the theoretical aspect1 - Are the economies of industrialized countries over time, as with cases of depression and recovery, which affect to economic activity, and companies know that these conditions are strongly influenced by cycle companies, with sales booming with economic recovery and stagnation and decline in the shares of these companies know the stock prices rise as the periodic during the phase of prosperity and decline during the recession, the success of the investor depends on the type of the shares so to correct timing of the purchase 2 - The existence of a relationship and mutual influence between the work of primary and secondary markets, as the evolution and breadth of the work of the primary market leads to the development and expansion of the secondary market, through the development, diversification and expansion of new releases through the primary market, which offer the possibility of development and expansion of the secondary financial market activity, and using those issues later in their dealings, and in accordance with the clear understanding of this difficult chapter of the work and the development and expansion of these markets. 3 - financial derivatives is one of the most important features of modern financial developments during the last decade of the twentieth century, and these tools provide payments derived from other assets may be real or financial assets to cope with fluctuations and crises that have affected financial markets, which were used as tools to hedge against fluctuations in stock prices and rates interest and exchange rates. 4 - A shift in the characteristics of economic cycles, after the Second World War, becoming shorter courses "and less in terms of the duration of the decline in production or in terms of rates of deterioration in the indicators of economic activity and the disappearance of the global economic crisis as characterized by the unequal international distribution among countries capital, in addition to the lack of synchronization occur in those countries, but that this situation would be different during the eighties of the twentieth century and in the context of globalization has become the crisis overtaking the limits of all countries, whether developed or developing. 5 - The recurrence of financial crises and the breadth and speed of transition in the light of financial globalization is a controversial and attention to result in the damaging of a comprehensive and unexpected is not limited to the financial sector, but extends to other sectors and the effect of high economic costs have a negative effect not only in a crisis but extended beyond the borders to other countries. 6 - at the basis of the relationship between the performance indicators for the stock market situation of economic activity, the movement of stock prices is an important indicator to predict the economic cycle as they move in the opposite direction to the movement of bond prices, and up to the maximum level before the arrival of economic activity to the top of the recovery and up to lowest level before the arrival of economic activity to the bottom of the recession. 7 - The East Asian crisis occurred because of the big gap between the real sector and financial sector, which increased with the application of financial liberalization policies in the countries of East Asia, which has made the capital looking for a quick profit by speculating in the financial sector which has seen significant expansion and irresponsible, and take exercise role Parasitically hindering the process of economic growth, which has affected of the development the real economy and shot back, for the extent of the crisis and its spread from the center of the crisis (Thailand) It was during the economic vulnerability of financial markets and the integration of the global financial system. Through any channels of foreign trade and financial markets.8 - The degree of vulnerability of the Arab countries the financial crisis America is different from country to country, depending on the degree of economic openness and the degree of financial and economic development, countries are opening up the high and the Arab Gulf countries in particular will be more affected by and through the channels of oil and the dollar exchange rate stability. Second : the conclusions of the quantitative aspect 1 - The analysis showed that the standard linear model is the best expression of the models and the reality of the stock market in the United States. 2 - analysis showed that the standard non - linear model (Logarithm double) is the best model to reflect the reality of the stock market in each of the (Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, Egypt) 3 - The results of the United States signs an agreement with the estimated parameters form the logic of economic theory in terms of a direct correlation between stock market indices and the state of economic activity, except the number of companies that have demonstrated an inverse relationship because of the merger that took place between listed companies in the market. 4 - show a causal bilateral Feed Back casualty between stock market indices and the economic cycle, there is no impact of the market shares of economic activity is economic activity towards the stock market, which confirms the existence of a significant impact to the stock market on economic activity in the United States, as these are the efficiency of the market high. causal bilateral Feed Back casualty between stock market indices and the economic cycle, there is no impact of the market shares of economic activity is economic activity towards the stock market, which confirms the existence of a significant impact to the stock market on economic activity in the United States, as these are the efficiency of the market high. 5 - it seems that there is a causal relationship bilateral Feed Back casualty During the time lag between the first indicators of the stock market (the market index, the turnover rate) and the state of economic activity (economic cycle) in Mexico, in the direction of the market value, volume and the number of companies to the economic activity of the stock market, when considering the case of economic activity as the dependent variable.With the direction of the relationship when the stock market indicators as dependent variable of the independent variable (the case of economic activity) to the stock market indices, except the market value.6 - The results of measurement in Thailand and a positive relationship between stock market indices and the state of economic activity (economic cycle), it was determined to test the causal relationship that the two - way and at the failure except for the first time the number of companies. 7 - shows the measurement results on Malaysia as in accordance with the logic of economic theory, which pointed to the existence of a relationship between the soft variables, and confirmed through the test of causation and the existence of feedback between the stock market and the state of economic activity.8 - The results of South Korea in line with the logic of economic theory, which revealed the presence of a direct correlation between the stock market and the state of economic activity (economic cycle), which was evident from the test of causation as the two - way, except the number of companies.

تحليل وقياس العلاقة السببية بين عرض النقود والناتج المحلي الاجمالي في بلدان مختارة (السعودية ومصر) للمدة (1980 - 2006) == Analysis of The Measurement of Causality Relationship Between Money Supply And Gross Domestic Product In Countries Selected (Saudi Arabia & Egypt) For The Period (1980 - 2006)

Author name: عامر عبد الله مجيد
Supervisor name: محمد صالح سلمان الكبيسي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الدارسة القياسية التي تناول العلاقة المتبادلة ما بين المعروض النقدي والناتج المحلي الاجمالي ذات اهمية كبيرة لدول المنطقة للاسباب التالية : 1 - تعد هذه الدراسة محاولة اولية لوضع الملامح الرئيسية للعلاقة السببية بين كمية النقود والنشاط الاقتصادي.2 - افت | This econometric study which deals with an inter - relationship between money supply and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is of great significance for the countries under consideration for the following reasons : 1. The study is considered an initial attempt to place the main characteristics for the causal relationship between quantity of money and economic activity.2. Lack of Arab library, in general and Iraqi library in particular, of comprehensive research and information in such areas that make this topic difficult and time - consuming; even lacking total understanding of its elements and the requirements of the subject matter and its accuracy.This study is, therefore, intended to achieve the following objectives : 1. Studying development of money supply and GDP in Saudi Arabia and Egypt.2. Use of Hsiao and Granger econometric tests to find out the causal relationship between money supply and GDP for countries under study.The study is based on the hypothesis : existence of a significant, bilateral, causal and functional relationship between money supply and GDP in the economy of Saudi Arabia, on the one hand; and a unilateral, causal relationship between the two variables in the Egyptian economy, on the other.The research arrived at the following conclusions : 1. Strength of the relationship between money supply as a dependent variable and GDP as an independent variable and vice - versa; that there is a bilateral, causal relationship in the Saudi Arabian economy.2. Strength of the effect of the relationship between GDP on the money supply - and not otherwise - that is; there is a unilateral relationship concerning Egyptian economy. According to the results of causal test, we conclude that changes in the quantity of money do not help in explaining changes in the GDP; while changes in the GDP does help in explaining changes in the quantity of money. Therefore, quantity of money cannot be used as a tool for economic policy to affect real economic variable in the Egyptian economy.3. What characterizes Saudi economy is its dependence on petroleum resources that reinforce various petroleum - related and non - related economic activities. While Egyptian economy is distinguished by the diversification of various productive and service sectors but because of the many impediments that faced Egyptian economy as of late the country could not achieve its prosperity as Saudi Arabia did.Finally the researcher recommends : 1. Saudi Arabia should diversify its economic structures to avoid the effect of shocks as a result of its reliance on one resource; oil for example, or as a result of international economic and political problems that are more severe on one - sided economies.2. Despite tangible achievements of Egyptian economy, particularly after the nineties of the past century, there still is dire need for diversification especially in more vital sectors which contribute effectively in the accumulation of money supply in export, financial and banking sectors besides tourism that help promote balance of trade accounts.3. The necessity of taking advantage of globalization by both countries in attracting foreign investments and revitalizing Arab Economic Union Agreement and draw on financial surpluses from rich Arab countries for investment purposes.

كفاية السياسة المالية في تحمل العبء المالي الحكومي في العراق للمدة 2004 - 2014 مع اشارة لتجارب مختارة == Fiscal Policy Efficiency In Shouldering The Financial Burden of Government In Iraq For The Period 2004 - 2014 With A Reference To The Experience of States

Author name: عامر عبد الله مجيد الشيخاني
Supervisor name: عماد محمد علي عبد اللطيف العاني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تزايد الجدل حول الدور الذي تؤديه السياسة المالية ومدى كفايتها في تحمل العبء المالي والمعبر عنها بالنفقات الجارية التشغيلية التي تتحملها حكومات البلدان المختلفة من اجل تقديم الخدمات العامة للمجتمع مهما اختلفت السياسات الاقتصادية للحكومة، بعد ما تزايد حجم | There has been a heated controversy over the role the financial policy plays and how sufficient it is in affording the financial burden. This burden is known as the operational current expenses which the governments of various countries mainly afford, despite the discrepancy in the government’s economic policy. After the deterioration and deficit in the state budget in all countries nowadays, it was necessary to find an appropriate mechanism so as to achieve the interaction and appropriateness between the main instruments of the financial policy on the realistic level with regard to their economy.This research aims to analyses the relationship between the main instruments of theState policy to encounter the increasing financial burden on the government, where the developing countries’ economy in general and Iraq’s in particular suffers from the financial policy’s inefficacy and feebleness due to the fluctuation of these governments’ policies. In addition, there is a lack of credibility for these governments to achieve a noticeable improvement that could create economic stability; especially most of the decisions made regarding the financial policy tend to be under the influence of policy makers.The study concludes that Iraq has been partially able to afford its operational expenses in spite of the economic, political, social, and security challenges he faced. Further, there was no active financial policy and a clear vision for attempting to diversify the revenue resources to depend on instead of depending on oil as the main source for taking the financial burden. In addition, Iraq economy suffers from a structural imbalance that negatively affects its capacity to diversify the revenues resources, while the financial policy has a significant place among other policies because it can play the major role in achieving the various aims due to its tools. These tools are considered as the most important economic administration tools in achieving economic stability and overcoming the problems of structural imbalance and weak economic diversification. As well as, the inveterate paralysis whirlpool in which the Iraqi economy has fallen into at the beginning of 2104 as a consequence of the heavy expenses of war on terror, not to mention the sharp decline of oil prices. The study provides a number of recommendations in which the most significant entails the necessity on working on diversifying the revenue resources for the Iraqi economy and to avoid depending heavily on oil and its derivatives. Also, there is a necessity of activating the non - oil revenue resources and working on their durability. For this purpose, rationalizing expenses strategy should be in accordance with the requirements of the Iraqi economy

تنمية التخلف في بعض الدول النامية في ظل العولمة الاقتصادية : تجارب لدول مختارة == The Development of Underdevelopment In The Developing Countries Within The Framework of Globalization The Experiments of Selected Countries

Author name: عادل مجيد عيدان العادلي
Supervisor name: مناهل مصطفى عبد الحميد العمري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: شكل منتصف العقد الرابع من القرن العشرين البداية الحقيقية لانطلاق العولمة من خلال البدء باقامة مؤسساتها مثل صندوق النقد والبنك الدوليين، من قبل الدول الصناعية المتقدمة، وبعد عقد من زمن تاسيس تلك المنظمات تبنت الدول التي كانت تعاني من ظاهرة التخلف الاقتصادي | The mid of the 4th decades of the 20th century is the true beginning of globalization by establishing its procedures such as International Monetary Fund and the World Bank by the developed countries , After one decade of establishing those organization, the countries Suffering from economic backwardness phenomenon adopted the process of economic development to face this phenomenon and to get rid its hierarchical mistakes then to narrow the gaps between them and the developed countries. The study reached at that the going economic development process in the developing countries interacts with globalization resulting several developed experiments such as the experiment of South Korea where its lacking of natural resources doesn’t hinder the achieving of economic development while another countries failed in achieving development in spite of their natural resources and wealth's such as Brazil and Egypt where the poverty had been disseminated with its different forms.Also the study shows that the interaction between developing countries and globalization during the 20th century has different effects on development process, wile the success or failure of that process isn't relate with the political and economic system adopting by those countries but by its relation with the extend of existing of will with peoples and political leaders in achieving development, and with the extend of existing of management and planning to adopt the suitable policies to direct their economic trends toward development, beside the existence of future view.

المقدرات الحصينة للارتباط الذاتي في انموذج السلاسل الزمنية الموسمية المختلط المضبب == Robust Autocorrelation Estimation of Fuzzy SARIMA Models

Author name: طاهر ريسان دخيل الخاقاني
Supervisor name: عبد المجيد حمزة الناصر
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: غالبا ما تصاحب عملية جمع البيانات وجود قيم شاذة التي تؤثر بشكل كبير ليس فقط على عملية تشخيص الانموذج الملائم الذي يعتمد على معاملات الارتباط الذاتي والارتباط الذاتي الجزئي وانما يتعدى ذلك الى عملية تقدير معلمات الانموذج, ومن هنا فان هذا البحث يهدف الى جعل | The presence of outliers in data influences not only in model diagnostic, but exceed to parameters estimation. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to make the autocorrelation coefficient robust against outliers to estimate parameters that will be robust depending on those coefficients. This goal is achieved by three suggestions the first and second are depending on Fuzzy Logic by suggest estimation procedure to estimate autocorrelation coefficients called Semi - Fuzzy Autocorrelation coefficient, and suggest another one called Semi - Fuzzy Kendall. The third is to extend the robust Percentage Bend Correlation method to use it in estimate the autocorrelation coefficients that will be used in parameter estimation. This thesis contains four chapters. The first chapter discuss general introduction, the previous studies and the purpose of this research. The second chapter views the general fundamentals, the theoretical field that related with outliers and its effectiveness in time series modeling, the using of fuzzy logic in time series and display the proposed procedure and its algorithm. The third chapter contains the empirical filed, the simulation experiment, results analysis and comparing by some criteria. The fourth chapter views the practical filed by study a daily time series of electrical load in Al - Qadisiya city in Iraq then apply the previous methods. The fifth chapter views the most important conclusions and recommendations that we get.

قياس استقرارية دالة الانفاق الاستهلاك العائل في الاقتصاد السعودي للمدة 1970 - 2009 == The Stability Measurement of Function Expenditure For Household Consumption In Saudi Economy For The Period (1970 - 2009)

Author name: طالب هاشم جبار
Supervisor name: مصطفى مهدي حسين
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Total consumption is considered one of the main determinants in the composition of national in come. It represents the largest share of total expenditure in many countries of the world, consumption also play major vole in the economic and its growth it is, also, one of the main components of total demand, which gives it special importance, marking it a lively area for research aiming to reach scientific facts that would help the decision market to realize a vision and to set future planning of economic policies in countries of the world in, eneral and is Saudi Arabian particular. This study aims to estimate a model for household consumption in Saudi Arabia spanning the period from 1970 to 2009, through determining the variables that influence household consumption expenditure according to economic theory. The model was built using partial adjustment method and building a dynamic short term (co - integration) that takes in to account error correction in the time path towards along term equilibrium. And to avoid falling in to imprecise results , a test was conducted for the stability variable entering the model of household consumption the Saudi Arabia, using the adjusted Diekey - Fuller test and Pilliphs Pearn test, A co - integration test was also performed between the variables of the model through estimating the long run equilibrium relationship equation , and performing the second random error test using( ADF) and (PP) tests, Then dynamic short term model was built that was based on error correction (ECM).

العوامل المؤثرة في سلوك تمهيد الدخل : دراسة في عينة من المصارف الاهلية في العراق == Factors Influencing Behavior of Income Smoothing A Study In A Sample of Iraqi Private Banks

Author name: طارق توفيق يوسف العبد الله
Supervisor name: فاطمة جاسم محمد السعد
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims at demonstrating the importance of Income Smoothing behavior and internal and external factors, in addition to giving an insight about the most important studies, which dealt with this topic from all its aspects. The study was conducted on a sample of Iraqi private joint - stock banks in terms of whether or not these banks tend to the application of smoothing, as well as the influence of these factors on these banks.The study depended upon a set of hypotheses and reached to findings, the most important of them are the tendency of the study sample to practice smoothing behavior, and the great influence of internal and external factors on the research sample.It has beenclear that the internal factors have more influence than external ones, in varying degrees; in that the size factor has the greatest effect among other factors.The study presented a number of specific recommendations

مديونية العراق الخارجية : الواقع والاثار للمدة 1980 - 2006 == The External Debts of Iraq, The Status And The Effects, For The Period 1980 - 2006

Author name: ضيدان طويرش هاشم المالكي
Supervisor name: جليل شيعان ضمد البيضاني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The external debts are described as a shape of the external funds. The objective justification for that is the gap between the external and internal resources which belong to the historical roots of the early stages for the relationships among the countries of the excessive capital and the countries of deficit. This has been changed into a real debts crisis in the beginning of the eighties decade. of course this has been happened when the debts countries announced that they couldn’t paid those debts.The debts crisis belongs to many reasons some of those reasons are internal and others are external. In Iraq the crisis of debts belong to a mixture of external and internal reasons. Some of those debts were used to cover the war expenditures which some of them were because of the decline of the oil revenues in eighties. of course, this led to a decrease in the economic activities and inflation. Therefore this has been led to a deep economic impact according to the reflection of the debt volume and service of it on the economic and non - economic growth and development.Among these impacts is what would be resulted and resulted from the policy of coming out of this crisis across the international foundations which have the final judgment on the economic factors.All these thoughts would be studies taking into consideration the following hypothesis “the external debts help to attain the economic development”.This hypothesis could be tested by three chapters. The first deals with external funds discussing this chapter theoretically. The second one will discuss the status of the external debts in Iraq, while the third is going to deal with how to deal and solve the effects of the debts on Iraq. Finally, there are some suggestions and conclusions.

التقييم الاقتصادي - المالي للشركة العامة لصناعة البطاريات للمدة (1992 - 2002) == Economic - Financial Evaluation of The General Establishment of Batteries Industry For The Period (1992 - 2002)

Author name: صفوان محمد شوقي حسام الدين البكري
Supervisor name: هاشم علوان السامرائي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد عملية التقييم الاقتصادي - المالي احد المراحل المهمة التي يمر بها المشروع للارتقاء بمستوى كفاءة اداءه. اذ يتم من خلال هذه العملية مساعدة متخذي القرار لتحديد البديل الافضل، الذي يحقق اكبر ربحية من بين الاستثمارات المتعددة. وان الحاجة لعملية التقييم | Economic evaluation is considered as one of the important stages to towards reaching efficiency. By this evaluation decision’s makers can decide alternatives for their investments, which make them most lucrative. Also, economic evaluation stems from the fact that economic resources that are invested in projects are scarce. The hypothesis of this research is that the general establishment of the batteries industry suffers from low efficiency of performance, and therefore the goal is to alleviate such inefficiency.The chemical industry sector is consider an important economic sector in the national economy, because of its high contribution to national income formation, and plays an important role in economic development.The products of the general establishment are considered important goods because they include (21) products. Therefore, the title of this research became ‘economic - financial evaluation of the establishment of batteries industry (1992 - 2002)’.The application of several suitable economic evaluation criteria was used. Future plan for the establishment for the period (2005 - 2014) was built by the use of economic feasibility schedule and then this schedule has been tested by sensitivity analysis. This study covered four chapters. The first one the actual performance of the chemical sector and batteries industry in Iraq through the development of some economic - financial indicators for the period (1992 - 2002). The second one introduced the theoretical framework of the study with different economic evaluation criteria, which were used in the study. Also, the relative importance of this company in comparison to the chemical industry sector was shown.The third chapter dealt with the same application of economic criteria mentioned in the theoretical framework.for the period (1992 - 2002) using the actual data mentioned in the first chapter.The fourth chapter introduced the future plan for the period (2005 - 2014) by the use of economic feasibility schedule, with sensitivity analysis for the establishment.Finally, several conclusions and recommendations were mentioned about the establishment.

قياس وتحليل استجابات السياسة المالية لصدمات معدل التبادل التجاري في دول مختارة للمدة (1990 - 2012) == Measuring And Analyzing The Responses of Fiscal Policy To The Terms of Trade Shocks In Selected Countries For The Period 1990 - 2012

Author name: صفاء علي حسين البكري
Supervisor name: هناء عبد الحسين محيميد الطائي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Fiscal Policy is considered an important instrument of the Macroeconomic policy , because it provides tools and mechanisms that response to many shocks that face the national economy such as the Terms of Trade Shocks.Since the fiscal policy may take the procycle or countercycle path , that depends on the nature of the country and/or the type of shock.The hypothesis of this study as follows " The response of fiscal policy to the Terms of Trade Shocks leads to take Expansionary or Contractionary fiscal policy According to the shock?s type , which may be negative or positive , and it is effects on the level of economic activity ".This study aims at , firstly , the analyzing of the mechanism of fiscal policy response to the Terms of Trade Shocks in selected countries , and secondly , the measuring the scope of fiscal policy response to Terms of Trade Shocks in these countries , using Time Series for the period (1990 - 2012).The study consist of three chapters , the first one is devoted to the fiscal policy and terms of trade shocks as a theoretical framework. while the second chapter analysis the response of fiscal policy to these shocks (selected countries). the third one contains the measurement of fiscal policy response to the Terms of Trade shocks in these countries for the period (1990 - 2012).The study concluded that the fiscal policy response in Developed Countries (United States and Australia ) was countercyclical , while it was procyclical in Developing Countries , special those Oil - introducing (Ecuador and Iraq).And the researcher recommended that there is insist need to separates the relationship between the terms of trade and oil sector to avoid the terms of trade shocks that could be resulting from oil price fluctuations.

تحليل الفجوة التكنولوجية في بيئة اقتصاد المعرفة : بيئات الاسكوا ESCWA واليورو EURO حالة دراسية == The Technology Gap Analysis In Knowledge Based - Economy (ESCWA & EURO Environments Is A Case Study)

Author name: صالح مهدي صاحي البرهان
Supervisor name: اسعد جواد كاظم الانصاري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ان البحث يتمحور حول ابعاد الاقتصاد النوعي عبر تحليل الفجوة التكنولوجية في بيئة اقتصاد المعرفة, بالتركيز على بيئات بلدان منطقتي الاسكوا واليورو كحالة دراسية تطبيقية، مستهدفا محاولة بناء منظور تكنو - اقتصادي جديد يدعم هيكل نظرية الاقتصاد التكنولوجي قيد ال | This research focuses the technology gap analysis in knowledge - based economy. ESCWA and EURO countries are a case study. The main objectives of this research are to build techno - economic perspective, approaching estimation of technological gap, provides paradigm enhancing confidence of decision makers with importance of technological factor for economic development. As well as, this research provides strategic vision is aimed bridging the technology gap between ESCWA and EURO regions during the period of the last twenty years ago. The importance research reflects technological crises factors, development of science and technology indicators is expected to provide policy - makers with abroad information base to assist national development. In addition, building a new perspectives and alternative options. The problem of research is the technology gap as complex and multi - dimension affected package of environmental factors such as economic, technological, political and social. This research based on a particular assumption is the technology gap in knowledge - based economy reflection international technological division of labor between innovated and cited environments, as well as the know - how is the function of education, research and development, innovation, and information and communication technologies. The research depends on meso - approach is including the interaction among deduction and induction logic, micro and macro analysis, positive and normative analysis, in addition benchmarking approach. The structure of research consist of five chapters discuss a conceptual framework, theoretical implications, technology gap perspectives and formatting of technological indicators as well as empirical evidence for estimating the technology gap between ESCWA and EURO countries.This research has conclusion to reflect the theoretical implications and empirical evidence outcomes with related two regions. As well as the research adoption package of recommendations for supporting suggested strategic framework which discuses the role of government, private sector, universities, research centers, civil society institutions and United Nations Agencies.

تاثير تـدفق القـروض الخارجـية في تحقيق التحولات الهيكلية لاقتصادات بعض دول الاسكوا للمدة (1990 - 2002) == The Effect of External Loans Flow Through Achieving Structural Transformation For The Economy of Some of The Escwa Countries (1990 - 2002)

Author name: صادق زوير لجلاج السعيدي
Supervisor name: راوية عبد الرحيم ياس
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This Study Concerns itself with shedding some Lights on the size of External Loans flow of some Escwa Countries (Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, and Yemen), the burden such Loans make and the ability of such Loans to make some desired Structural transformations in the economy of such countries.To achieve the above aim, an evaluation model was used (Chenery - Taylor) after making some modifications on that model. Then, the independent variables and Structural Indicators were specified. Such Structural Indicators are : 1 - Yagr : Represents share of the Agriculture sector in GDP as a percentage from GDP. 2 - Yind : Represents share of the Industrial sector in GDP as a percentage from GDP.3 - Yser : Represents share of the Service sector in GDP as a percentage from GDP.4 - Yaem : Represents share of the labor force in Agriculture sector as a percentage from the total labor force.5 - Yiem : Represents share of the labor force in Industrial sector as a percentage from the total labor force.6 - Ysem : Represents share of the labor force in Service sector as a percentage from the total labor force.The independent variables were : X1 : Total loans as a percentage from GNP. X2 : Total Investment as a percentage from GNP.X3 : Population.X4 : Gross domestic product per capita.X5 : Total exports of goods and service as a percentage from GNP.X6 : Total Imports of goods and service as a percentage fromGNP.This Study also depends on analytical quantity model in research for building economic model and estimate parameter in regression by (OLS) then tests the power of these models through statistical testing. The Study ends in some conclusions related to the results of analyzing the economic measurement model for the effect of some independent variables on chosen structural Indicators. Such structural transformation, which happened in nearly all the countries in the sample of this study. This study doesn’t take the transformation from agricultural sector to industrial and service sector, except (Egypt), the external loans has effect on desired structural transformation in its economy, this belongs to political causes..

صناعة الغاز الطبيعي في العراق : الواقع وافاق المستقبل == Natural Gas Industry In Iraq The Fact And Future Horizons

Author name: شكر محمود جاسم
Supervisor name: عباس جبار الشرع
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Natural gas is considered one of the main sources of the power in the world as it is used in many fields. It becomes a strong competitor for crude oil. In Iraq , Natural gas is used as a source of power or raw material in different industries such as petrochemicals , steel and iron , Azotic Fertilizers , Construction, etc.Also, it is used in generating electric power and used in house and facilities and services as fuel. Iraq has a giant prudential quantities of natural gas 3159 million cubic meters in 2002..Its production and consumption is low and improper with these giant prudential quantities. In spite of the importance of natural gas as a sources of power, but it is burnt a great quantity of it without utilizing it yearly as to that most of natural gas in Iraq is of the associated gas with crud oil and it could not be controlled producing natural gas. Iraq has just liquid petroleum gas ( LPG ) could be utilized directly and discarded other quantities due to the absence of the specialized factories which can be utilized it as it represented by Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Factory..This research study the methods and horizons of the optimist utilizing from Iraqi Natural Gas and the ability of utilizing from the experiences of some Arab countries in this field which realize good result such as Algeria which has long experience in this field and Qatar of the recent extremely experience. Also, this study discusses the actual fact of natural gas industry in Iraq and developing the prudential, production and consumption for the period from 1970 to 2002..

دور الاستثمار العقاري في التنمية العمرانية مع اشارة خاصة الى محافظة صلاح الدين : دراسة تحليلية == The Role of Investment In Real Estate Development Urban With Special Reference To The Province of Salahudden Government

Author name: سفيان صالح خلف الجبوري
Supervisor name: سهام حسين عبد الرحمن البصام
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: العديد من دول العالم ترغب وتسعى من اجل تحقيق بيئة استثمارية مناسبة لجذب الاستثمارات المحلية والاجنبيه من اجل دعم القطاعات الاقتصادية جميعها ولاسيما القطاع العقاري الذي يمكن ان يكون من القطاعات القائدة في الاقتصاد القومي، ولاهميتة الاقتصادية، والاجتماعي | Many countries in the world want and seek to achieve the investment environment suitable for attracting domestic and foreign investment in order to support economic sectors, all of which , particularly the real estate sector , which can be of sectors leading in the national economy , and importance of economic, social , and physical , cultural, political , and cultural , and the cycle in economic development , sustainable development and sustainable human development , many countries in the world care about him as well as it relates to the needs of the community core , particularly housing and the elimination of unemployment , as well as interested in health, education and infrastructure and help in achieving urban development and tourism , because the real estate investment represents a second tool of investment tools It is an essential component of wealth is the most important pillars of real estate development and construction for this sector constituents pay front and rear It helps to establish a lot of industries that are required for real estate investment And Salah addin province, possessed of the ingredients and the possibilities that can assist them in achieving the development of a sustainable urban , will also be taking some successful experiences , which has made great achievements , especially at the level of urban and economic, social and contributed to the construction of urban development and well - defined , and Go search of the premise that (The Investment & real estate finance strategic role to achieving sustainability and Urban Development) so was reached that the real estate sector is an important focus of development axes , for his role in moving the economic activity in many sectors , it has been proven that more than 92 industry and profession linked to the real estate sector

تحليل وتقييم ستراتيجية التنمية الوطنية في العراق للمدة 2005 - 2007 مع اشارة خاصة لستراتيجية التنمية المحلية لمحافظة البصرة == The Analysis And Evaluation of The National Development Strategy In Iraq For The Period 2005 - 2007 " With Special Concentration On The Local Development Strategy In Basra Governorate

Author name: سونيا ارزروني وارتان
Supervisor name: مانع حبش الطعمة
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The most aspect which is concerned Iraq is the complexity of it conditions and the destruction that comprised its economy, as a result of wars and dictatorship besides the economic siege which has followed that.The looting and stealing after 9 - 4 - 2003 destroyed what was staying of economic and civil on aspect, besides rumor of terrorism, security and stability due to many factors. Therefore, the occupation s authority and the two international organizations ( fiscal and monetary) starting to put policies in order to reconstruction and reform the conditions.According ally, a commiss ion has been established called Strategic commission to reconstruction Iraq in 25 - 12 - 2003.The purpose of this commission is to remove the debts of Iraq by 80%, that would be done through three stages and for eight years.According to the totally absence of Iraq government, it was started to put fiscal porgramme called " evaluation of Iraq needs to reconstruction", It was announced in November 2003 in Paris and through Madrid conference for donors countries.During the period 2005 - 2007, the two international organizations have issued a strategy called " National development strategy in Iraq for the year 2005 - 2007" which was included numbers of objectives and policies.It was said , that those strategy didin ’ t taking the status of Iraq after changing into consideration. During that period and as a part of Iraq policies which have already put by the external sides and according to the decentralization in management, that suggested to develop the Governorates of Iraq , it was tried to discuss that with concentrating on Basra governorate as a model for study, therefore the hypothesis of the study Said " The un cleared determation for the National development strategy in Iraq for their objectives and policies and without taking into consideration for the security conditions, these of course will course will hinder the development process and reconstruction of Iraq. To fulfill this it was discussed through four chapter, and finally the suggestions and findings.

دور تدفق راس المال الاجنبي المباشر في تمويل المشروعات الصناعية في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي == The Role of Direct Foreign Capital Flows To Finance The Industrial Projects In GCC

Author name: سهام غالي حمود الدراجي
Supervisor name: عباس جبار الشرع
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The industrial movement in the Arab countries suffered from great challenges. In front of these challenges is the existence of capitals to establish the industrial projects. The reasons behind this is the weakness of the public savings. So, because of the important role that the direct foreign capitals flows in the economic universal systems and increasing of its flows due to be considered as one of the important resource of finaucing the industrial development in the advanced countries and developing ones. Flows of Direct foreign capital became the important solution to cure the problem of financing the industrial projects. Therefore the GCC try. their best to get benefits from the movement of capitals, in order to get suitable revenues for their capitals which are invested in auother countries abroad. Also, these countries saw a great reception for the flows of foreign capitals, in order to establish many industrial projects and give a great push for their Development. GCC tried hardly to attract the foreign capitals by facilitating procedures and restrictions and make the informations very easy to get for the foreign investors. That, is in order to get advanced technology and new production methods besides, the technical managerial skills. Therefore the study depends on a hypothesis which said;"As long as the industrial projects in need of great capitals, there fore the flows of the Direct foreign capitals will perform the positive role in financing the industrial movement in the GCC. To test this hype thesis the study comes into three chapter trying to show the ways of attracting the foreign capitals in that countries and finally there are the suggestions and conclusions.

تحليل تجربة معالجة مشكلة السكن في مدينة بغداد خلال المدة من 1980 - 1994 == Analysis The Experience Treatment of Houses Problem In Baghdad City During 1980 - 1994

Author name: سمير عبد الجبار عبد المجيد
Supervisor name: وليد عبد المنعم عباس الدركزلي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Today more than billion people of the world population are living below poverty line , and billion people now lack adequate shelter and service , and most of them will live in third world cities which are surrounded by bells of cancer areas as a result of poverty , and if the current rapid urbanization process the rapid growth of population and the economic trends continue at the present rate. The united nation reports refers that , around a quarter of the world population will live in sheltering condition with almost no service , then the reports refers that shelter of the urban poor become a great threat to the social and political stability of third world countries and to the world as a whole.In Iraq , at exactly Baghdad society, it suffer succession problem reach for fifty years , it is a shortage of housing stock in the town. This study gives insight into informal this succession problem and the causes of evolutionary by time and how governments appendage in Iraq housing policies since 1958 treat the problem , and this study provides an excellent basis for importance of using light weight concrete is emphasized which one of the alternative for traditional building materials as bricks which has many specifications , saving in cost and labor , and reduction in time of construction , and solve of environment cases , such as an understanding from researcher is well qualified to put them into the necessary economic, political, environmental, and social literature on housing. The research concludes to clear the best implementation housing strategy to provide housing and activate the housing production to solve the housing problem in Baghdad City. The research concludes discuss various strategies to solve housing problem in Baghdad city such as , treatment inner migration and prices support strategies that government do it to solve problem.

فاعلية السياسة النقدية في ظل تحرير اسعار الفائدة : نماذج لدول مختارة للفترة 1990 - 2008 == Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Within The Context of Liberalization of Interest Rates : Chosen States Protoypes - For The Period 1990 - 2008

Author name: سلام هامل بريغش الجوراني
Supervisor name: ثريا عبد الرحيم علي الخزرجي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تشغل اسعار الفائدة دورا كبيرا في النشاط الاقتصادي حيث تعتبر من اهم المؤشرات التي تستخدم في تحليل حركة الاقتصاد الكلي بحيث تستخدم كاداة لتحقيق التاثير في النشاط الاقتصادي عن طريق السياسة النقدية، وكثيرا ما يفترض في النظرية الاقتصادية ان سعر الفائدة يؤث | The importance of the role played by the interest rates in the national economy stems from the nature of using it as one tool of the used tools by the critical policy in achieving the objects that is targeting them, the change in the interest rates generating discrepancy reactions for the public including those (saving and investors) , also influence in distributing the available funds for investment for the most income projects through effecting in extent of utility of the same project.Using the interest rates by the monetary policy stems from using them as a tool or an mediator or final object and due to nature of the system under which this monetary policy functioning.The interest rates which was assigned administratively in Iraq before 2003 till the prime 2004 , now it has become buoyant and free and assigned within the context of the market powers, the monetary authority at that time used the interest rates as direct monetary tool restricted to cash and monetary imbalance in economy, the interest rates has characterized by prevalent stagnation and not taking in to consideration the continuous increase in general level in prices that made the banking system infertile in attracting the local saving because of the existence of negative genuine interest rates , and after giving the central bank its independence in running its monetary tools to achieve its objectives according to its new law and after releasing the freedom of assigning interest rates for the market powers, the interest rates has become used as one of mediator tools or the functionary of monetary policy and path of monetary policy in implementing and achieving the final object began to pass - through the interest rates as mediator aim , this procedure has succeeded in implementation and achieving the monetary policy objectives such as limitation of inflation and to confront its increasing rates and to cause its decrease , also reaching to relative stability state in general level of prices , in addition to improvement of local currency value, the process of releasing the interest rates also led to generate positive genuine interest rates through going in line with increasing of general level of prices that enhance the increase in saving and attracting the funds from the commercial banks that leads to activate the banking system function which serve the Iraqi economy.

فاعلية الانفاق الحكومي في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة 1991 - 2006 == Effectiveness of The Governmntal Expenditure In Attainig The Economic Stabilization In Iraq For The Period 1991 - 2006

Author name: سكنة جهية فرج
Supervisor name: يوسف علي عبد الاسدي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

واقع وافاق الاستثمار في صناعة تكرير النفط في العراق == Reality And Prospects of Investment In The Oil Refining Industry In Iraq

Author name: سجاد صادق الهيد
Supervisor name: اسعد جواد كاظم الانصاري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Oil industry is considered as one of strategic industries in the world because oil is the main source of word economy. It's importance to increase in developing countries such as Iraq. Iraq has a great oil resource of a bout 115 Billion barrel. This industry contributes in a great rate in the Iraqi economy.Oil industries are divided into several stages beginning from exploring and ending in refining and distribution. Oil refining industry has a special importance because it represent a join between crude oil and oil products and because if the additional value it adds to the Iraq economy. For these reasons , this research focuses on this industry by explaining it's stages , importance and it's real situation in Iraq from 1998 to 2008. It also focuses on the methods of reviving this industry by activating investment in this field. The researcher presented his views by concentrating on private sector and the mutual investments and supporting some supporting industries that support refining oil such as "gas to liquids ( GTL )". The research has three chapters. The first studies the concepts of oil industry in general and oil refining industry in particular, in addition to concepts of investment. The second studies the real situation of oil refining industry in Iraq during the period of study. The third presents the author's anticipation to revive this industry. The research ended with some conclusions and recommendations.

تاثير التلوث البيئي على التنمية الصحية في العراق == The Impact of The Environmental Pollution On Developing Human’s Health In Iraq

Author name: ساهرة دريول كاظم
Supervisor name: علي عبد محمد سعيد الراوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The vivid health was and still an aim and goal seeked by a human kind by all media , though that media is firstly connected with the survival instinct and avoiding pain and suffering of sickness, it wasn’t far or detached from its part to keep human being able to practice his daily activities in the first place the economical activity.Basing on that we can say that the need for health is as an essential necessity as an important and necessary element for human’s survival and later for the development , growth and productivity as well as enjoying life.Some of the environment problems face health , some are modern such as pollution caused by development activities for some of the economical fields which may participate by may or another to effect negatively on the environment health , and some are traditional such as polluted water ill drainage and treating local garbage.As environment is very important for human and economical development and its effect on the sort of life and the continuity of development so, the modern development attitudes faxed on returning human to his natural position.After the steps of the traditional development had hindered in most of underdeveloped countries which tried to apply developed samples succeeded in other countries despite the stander or the actual fact of its economics and societies. This had made the interest of economists at the beginning of the nineties fall on the human race and the necessity of increasing the human investment continuously (Knitting development around human considering him its aim and media at the same time) and this makes (health) of the human as a base for the nature of the mutual relation between him and the environment from a side and environment and economical development from the other side.Development is connected by away or another with the increasing of tasks on environment with its different parts, also it was necessary that quickness in development should be consider with supporting the health of the environment and to make the conjunction between health and environment , social, economical development more effective , this demands coordination between the efforts of all the sections that may participate in the prosperity of people , besides that the look at the health should be as inseparable part of development.Health and human rights also should prevailed or any economical , political norms because human’s life in it’s pest form is the ultimate goal of development to achieve happiness for human’s kind and their prosperity without causing any harm for their land, air or water.The evaluation of the impact on the health of the environment should represent an inseparable part of all the development activities to ensure decreasing the possible bad effects of the industrial , agricultural , transport developments , and the new methods of conserving water and the health of the environment to the least possible minimum. Iraq is one of countries that tried participating in these fields through adopting the concept of the sustainable development and through the emphasis on the necessity of taking care of the different sides of the environment in an attempt to set the bases of the political environment for the country and conserving the health of Iraqi citizen , yet , there is a lot of obstacles that face this policy especially wars , economical embargo imposed at the beginning of the nineties and the influence of its negative results on all the economical and serving sections which increased the problem of pollution reflecting its negative effects on health as the average of deeds , rate of infectious diseases and bad tumors which it’s effect will last clearly on the health of Iraqi citizen for several coming years reflecting that in the down of the average of the expected age of any person and here is the importance of the research.The research’s problem’s appear as follows : The Iraqi country had suffered during the previous decades from the problem of getting rid of pollutions which reflects in hindering the achievement of development for health and human beings, which also will be reflected negatively on the economical performance and the future of the economical and social development.Therefore , the research is intending to present analysis to the faces of polluted environment and explaining the nature of pollutions in the Iraqi environment as well as the relation and the direct and indirect influence on human’s health also, the research presents suggestions to decrease the negative effects of pollutions on both human’s and environment health.So far, the research is based on hypothecy its theme is that the continuity of throwing pollutions to environment without radical and compromise treatment leads to hindering the process of human’s health development and also the whole economical , social development.The research had depended on the descriptive analysis to prove its theory that is based on specialized sources and modern published studies concerned with environment and development , besides some other studies and related conferences through the internet and some schedules obtunded from the concerned ministries (ministry of health, planning transport and communications) also the direct interviews with the specialists doctors , engineers of environment.As for covering the sides of the research (the impact of the environmental pollution on developing human's health in Iraq) and to get its goal the research is divided into four sections the first one is the concepts collection which shows and tackles some concepts in environment and pollution which is showed through two parts, the first is the concept of environment and its elements and its main problems while the second is the nature of pollution and the consequences.The second section searches the mutual relation between environment health , and human development and it includes two parts , the first is the conceptual birth and growth for human development , while the second explains the essential relations between environment health , and development.The third section tackles the most important effects of development for the economical fields in Iraq and its influence on the health of the environment and this was done through three parts : 1 - The role of the industrial section in polluting the environment elements , and the results caused by.2 - Explains the role of the agricultural section in polluting environment and its deformed and the most important results caused by.3 - Deals with the role of transportation in polluting environment and the results caused by too.The fourth and the last section tackles covering the essential needs for the health of the environment and its reflections on health in Iraq. The fourth section is of two parts , the first explains the economical , and social effects to supply the essential needs for the environment health , while the second explains the down in trend of health in Iraq and in unhealthy , unsaved environment the Iraqi country lived and lives it the long years of wars , economical embargo as well as the average of deeds and rate of spreading diseases.The research writer had come to conclusions and recommendations through the research as these recommendations were molded basing on the research’s results, hoping it will be useful for the concerned sides.At last I hope I achieved what I am longing to.Thanking God for enabling me to finish my research as best as it could be and my efforts to be well appreciated.

واقع الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر ومحدداته في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي 1990 - 2003 == The Status And Determination of Foreign Direct Investment In The Gulf Cooperation Council 1990 - 2003

Author name: سامي هاشم فالح الساعدي
Supervisor name: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

ضرورات التخطيط والتخطيط الستراتيجي للتحول الاقتصادي لبلدان مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == The Necessity For Planning And The Strategic Planning For Economic Change In Some Chosen Countries (With Aspecial Reference To Iraq)

Author name: زينة مؤيد محمود
Supervisor name: عبد الجبار محمود فتاح العبيدي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: جاء البحث لمعالجة مشكلة اختلال الهيكل الاقتصادي المتسم بريعيته من خلال اعتماد التخطيط لتنويع مصادر الدخل القومي. لذا جاء البحث مستندا? ?لى اعتماد التخطيط كاسلوب لاحداث التحولات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية من خلال تشخيص المشكلات وتحديد الموارد والامكانات اللازم | The study is to handle the problem of distribution of economical structure that depend on the governmental income related to the natural resources through depending on variation the sources of natural income. So this study depends on the hypothesis of planning as a method to make social and economic changes through specifying the problems and identifying the resources and needed capabilities to overcome these problems.To test the hypothesis, this study includes showing the importance of planning to make changes in the previous union of sovite socialist republic (VSSR) and employing the capitalism to keep it?s continuance on, and then comparing.The experiments of the planning and strategy planning for developing countries like Egypt and Malaysia with Iraq to show the role of planning in make the economic and social changes and the achieved results of the experiments of these countries and comparing it with the experiments of Iraq.The study shows the importance of planning through a futuristic vision to define the distribution of economic changes of the Malaysian experiment.This study recommends the necessity of the government intervention through applying the strategic and making plans (at the ministries and institutional level ) in the direction of market mechanisms and beginning with specifying the economic and social activities to make the aimed changes economically and socially.

مستقبل الصناعة النفطية لدول الاوبك في ظل ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري == The Future of The Oil Industry To OPEC Countries In Light of Global Warming

Author name: زيد عبد الكريم محمود الزهيري
Supervisor name: ايمان عبد خضير الغريباوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري من اهم الاحداث البيئية, التي لاقت اهتماما واسعا من قبل الدول الكبرى والمنظمات الدولية, لما لها من اثار اقتصادية وبيئية على كافة الدول, لذلك سعت الدول الكبرى وعلى راسها دول وكالة الطاقة, الى الوقوف بوجه هذه الظاهرة والحد منها وبا | The global warming of the most important environmental events, which received wide attention by the major countries and international organizations, because of their economic and environmental implications for all countries, so the major powers sought, led by the IEA countries, the emphasis of this phenomenon stand reduction and simultaneously used to achieve other economic and political goals at the expense of OPEC countries, as it took up the search and the international energy agency and its relationship to global warming, and how the impact of these policies on the oil industry for the OPEC countries, by influencing the investment of oil demand in the oil industry for the countries of OPEC policies, eating Search also the duplication of the international energy agency countries in their dealings with crudes OPEC and reduce their consumption, despite an increase in output of shale oil and sand as well as shale gas, which is more polluting than oil, as adopted by searching on the premise that the international energy agency policies will negatively affect the oil industry to states OPEC, and the results of the economic analysis, said the international energy agency's policies of imposing a carbon tax on oil, increasing trend towards alternative energy sources, negatively affected and will cause in the future at the request of crudes, OPEC, and then the impact on oil revenues, which in turn supports the oil industry in these countries , and then accept the alternative hypothesis and reject the null, either the results of benchmark analysis that took the United States a model to study during the period (1995 - 2014), she stated that the lack of long - term causal relationship between the demand for crudes OPEC and taxes carbon emissions of carbon there is no causal relationship in term short, too, as there are no long - term causal relationship between carbon taxes and demand for crudes, OPEC and the emission of carbon, in addition to the absence of a causal relationship in the short term between the model variables, but there are no long causal relationship term, emissions of carbon and demand for oil and tax carbon, as well as no causal relationship going from short - term oil demand and carbon taxes toward carbon emissions.

اهمية ومتطلبات الاصلاح المصرفي في التنمية مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == The Importance of Requirements of Banking Reform In Development With Special Indication To Iraq

Author name: زياد جواد لفتة الفيصل
Supervisor name: جليل شيعان ضمد البيضاني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study shed a light on the relationship between reformation process and economic development and the consequences that affects the potential affects on economical development process through the main role of banking sector in providing the necessaryfinancial finance for investment operations in its different types whether production or service with special consideration to Iraq where this research titled (The importance of Requirements of Banking Reform in Development with special indication to Iraq)has emerged, so, the research deals with the study of the relationship of banking reforms and its potential affects on the development thorough the factor of Banking finance.The problem of the research represented by the fact that many countries including Iraq did not reach to the stability even to the organizational and framework levels in spite the fact that most of developing countries have early start of banking activitiesparticularly Iraq. The nature of Iraqi economy makes the banking activities can not keep up with the development of political and economical events and unable to meet the needs of economical development that we seek.The hypothesis of the research includes the activation of the role of banking system which depends on banking reforms which should overcome the forms and instruments of conventional works followed by Iraqi banking system, the we can reach the possibilityof promote the banking reality which can serve the economical development in this country in very best way.As for the methodology of the research, the research divided into three chapters, the first one deals with some economical relationships and concepts related to banking reform, and the second chapter deals with the role of some International economical andfinancial institutions in economical and banking reforms, and the third chapter dealt with Iraqi matter as for the economical and banking reforms and their role in transforming the economical developments.The result of the research comp up with the fact that the hypothesis of the research could not be achieved because the all banking reforms did not come up with positive results which can greatly affect the funding transformation and on the country accordingly.

العولمة الاقتصادية وتاثيرها في اسواق العمل مع التركيز على البطالة في دول مختارة : مصر والاردن حالة دراسية

Author name: زهير حامد سلمان السعدون الزيدي
Supervisor name: ايمان عبد خضير الغريباوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الامكانيات والانتاج النباتي في محافظة البصرة للمدة 1990 - 2006 واجراءات تنميتهما في المستقبل == The Potentials And The Agricultural Production In Basrah During (1990 - 2006) And Its Developing Procedures In Future

Author name: زاهد قاسم بدن الساعدي
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق يوسف نصر الله
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The agricultural sector is regarded one of the important productive sector in the developing and powerful countries. Its importance lies in the fact that agriculture is the main source of food stuff and it is One of the important sources to get incomes and jobs for a large proportion the population. There is a strong mutual relationship between industry and agriculture which provide raw material for Together with this is a domestic manufactures. large rate of the domestic industrial production lonsued by rural people.The agricultural sector is regarded a source for getting foreign currencies through exporting the spare agricultural goods abroad The agricultural sector in Iraq is characterized by the availability of land , water and human resources.Land resources ; it mean the total areas of land that are good for cultivation agriculture and to be used as a productive resource in the economic activity , the total area reaches ( 181,6) million of which (48) million are good for planting , this indicates the widepotentials of the vertical and horizontal expansion in agriculture in case all the appropriate and objective procedures are taken. As for mater resources which are rain and river water , then comes the lender ground water.As for Basrah , it has big agricultural potentials as good for planting areas reach (950,000) , besides water is available via Tigris and Euphrates as well as marshes water in Al - Huwaiza, ALHammar , mid - marshes and shatt - el - Arab , Also, the underground waters in AL - Zubair , Safuan, AL - Birjissiya and other areas in the province are available. There are large numbers of agricultural workers, and markets that are capable of consuming and exporting products in and out of the country.But it actually provide of agricultural crops for other provinces and abroad of the present , which indicates the presence of a drawback and shortage in manipulating these resources and potentials , consequently , this thesis sheds light on the available agriculture potentials in Basrah and the achieved production during ( 1990 - 2006 ) and the procedures taken to develop this reality in future.This thesis aims to determine and show the real available potentials for agricultural development and for increasing the efficiency of using the natural resources of the agricultural production in Basrah, it also aims to focus on the agricultural development crisis inBasrah and to make the agricultural sector an incentive power for the economic growth and defying challenges.This thesis adopt , the following hypothesis : The agricultural sector in Basrah suffers from negligence and weakness of the economic efficiency in manipulating the available agricultural potentials , which weakens it form covering the needs of the domestic in Basrah regarding food stuff during (1990 - 2006). To prove or disprove this hypothesis , this study has been divided in to four ehapters , the first chapter deals with the roles the agricultural sector in the Iraqi economy , this is done through four sections. The first section shows the roles the agricultural sector in making the total domestic production , the second is concerned with the above role in manipulating workers , whereas the third section explains the roles the agricultural sector in achieving the food security.The last one is concerned with studying this role in the foreign trade, The second chapter gives an analysis and a study of the agricultural resources and potentials in Basrah through three sections The first section deals with the agrarian lands and water resourcesin Basrah ,the second studies the working lands and the domestic markets regarding offers and demands in the province. the last section is concerned with studying the financial sources or the sources of provision Basrah agriculture during the study yearsThe third chapter deals with studying the agricultural production of some crops which Basrah produces during the study years. The first section studies dates production in the region of shatt - el - Arab the two regions of south Tigris and the marshes, the second dealswith studding to make crops and some vegetables in the western region. The last section studies wheat production in the two regions of south Tigris and the marshes. The study concludes with suggestions and conclusions by the researcher, the researcher deals with the analysis of the plant side in Basrah due to the shortage of data, information of the animal side and the stoppage of all station of breeding animals in Basrah as they were looted and destroyed. The researcher depends on two groups of sources , the first are the theoretical sources such as periodicals and theses ,etc.the second sources are field visits done by the researcher. these visits are to the formal of concern to the agricultural sector offices in Basrah. The aim of these visits is to get the necessary data and information to accomplish this study, also ,there are personal interviews with some of the agrarian officials, farmers and land owners by distributing forms to get enough information to be used as required

دور السياسة النقدية في جذب الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر لدول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة الى اقليم كوردستان العراق

Author name: ريسان حاتم كاطع العفلوكي
Supervisor name: ثريا عبد الرحيم علي الخزرجي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: حاولت الدراسة قياس وتحليل اثر مؤشرات السياسة النقدية على الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر لدول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة الى اقليم كوردستان العراق وقد استخدمت الدراسة اساليب التحليل الوصفي والكمي في البحث لاجل تحديد مدى اثر السياسة النقدية على الاستثمار الاجنبي المبا | AbstractWitness the current international environment major shifts and unprecedented, which is the result of the phenomena of globalization and economic reform as well as the information and communications revolution that has made the world a small village where all barriers have been removed in front the transfer of money, labor, goods and services, capital, and in this framework intensified international competition to attract foreign funds and companies' capital Multinational through the removal of barriers and obstacles that hinder their way and give them incentives and guarantees that facilitate the arrival and entry to the local market in view of the role played by foreign direct investment in the provision of savings (funding) needed to establish productive projects and the transfer of technology and contribute to the improvement of skills, experience and drive economic growth.From here come the great importance of foreign investment in the economy of any state and is seen as a form Lease alternative to the indebtedness of foreign loans and is seeking states promoted and stimulated a climate conducive to creating his all its components, and if the foreign investment flows is endemic by 70% in the major industrialized countries, that what with its attractive in all aspects of the investment climate, and this was the duty of all especially the developing countries than you want to catch up with the evolution and development that is working hard to bring this type of investment to the best of effort and means, to the important role of foreign investments in development projects Economic host countries if these countries are well done and the choice of projects to choose its foreign partners.Monetary policy is one of the investment climate and one of the most important determinants of FDI aspects and is done through indicators included exchange rates, interest rates, inflation, and the question that arises here is what is the way to make monetary policy tools as a catalyst to attract foreign direct investment and this is what we will try to answer it In this study.It is the exchange rate one of the key policy variables in the economic openness while affect macroeconomic variables such as trade, capital flows, foreign direct investment, inflation, global reserves, and GDP as well as financial transfers, while the longer inflation indicator of the stability of the domestic economy in the host countries, Changes in rates of inflation in the domestic or foreign countries expect a change in net returns as well as investment decisions idealism and then is expected to have a negative impact on foreign direct investment, and the interest rate, the rise in the mother country would make it attractive to foreign capital and will cause the rate of the exchange rate rise and this will lead to increasing the supply of foreign currency, on the other hand, if interest rates were high in other countries, investments will leave and it produces diminishing supply of foreign currency rates, which is heading the exchange rate to decline.China, Egypt, was one of the most important countries that have worked to restore economic structure and enact legislation giving attractive incentives to the flow of foreign investments as well as monetary and fiscal economic policies that contribute to achieving this purpose, taking into account the difference between the above - mentioned two countries in terms of the degree of advancement and development and economic growth.With regard to Iraq, and because of the important role of expected foreign direct investment in Iraq, part of this study care diagnosis climate Iraqi investment environment and reality and identify obstacles to actively carry out an investment actor in the Iraqi economy and work hard to create an environment and conditions appropriate Iraqi investment environment that can help to motivate and attract domestic savings or foreign investment through various mechanisms, including monetary policy in Iraq and Kurdistan Iraq Study experience an attractive environment for investment to some extent for foreign direct investment.The study concluded that both exchange rate and inflation play significant, positive and negative role on consecutive in attract foreign capital flows, but the interest rate was non - significant perhaps this is due to the institutions finances and Banking in Iraq generally undeveloped.Also, this study prove that are multifactor (Security, Economy, Political, Managemental and Society) negatively effect on the investment environment in Iraq making it a rejecter environment.Also, the study found that the amount of foreign direct investment is small which is only about, (5.7) billion dollars from (2006 till 2014), as well as, the distribution of investments varied amongst the various sectors or on the levels of the three governorates in Kurdistan province.

متطلبات النهوض بالصناعة التحويلية في ظل التحولات الاقتصادية تجارب دول مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Advancement Requirements of The Manufacture Industry Under Ecomenical Transitions : Iraq Is A Case Study

Author name: رياض جواد كاظم حمد المعموري
Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The conversional industry is the main driven engine for the large number of the developing countries it is the more effective tool for converting economy from low value activities to values generate fast development rate have the ability to provide more prospects for sustainable development, so that the support of the conversional industry sector be the main target for any Comprehensive developmental policy. The most important targets of our study are discovering the deviations imbalances may take place in Iraqi industry sector particularly the public industry sector searching for the level of the industry sector performance figure out the causes of the failures analyzing the future of the conversional industry under the economic transitions and the changes challenges which the surrounding conditions will excrete on it. This study aims to determine the effects economical and social expenses which are caused by the new economic trends which are represented by activating the free market mechanisms on the conversional industry sector as well as determining the general industries features which are best adapted to the economical transitions which are supposed to mitigate the pressure of the free market. Many international local conditions imposed core reforms on the conversional industries to be changed gradually from a economy driven by governmental decisions like governmental manufacturing to economy driven by market mechanism, so that this study tries to highlight the new international and local conditions are forced the economy to be market economy. Our example is the failure of the governmental manufacturing to achieve the economical objective is the sustainable growth.

تحليل العلاقة بين تطور البنية المالية التحتية والاستثمارات الاجنبية نماذج مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Analysis of The Relationship Between The Financial Infrastructure Development And Foreign Investments Selected Countries With Special Reference To Iraq

Author name: رفل جميل عزيز
Supervisor name: عمار حمد خلف
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدف البحث الى تحليل تاثير البنية المالية التحتية على تدفقات الاستثمارات الاجنبية في ثلاث دول هي العراق وماليزيا واندونيسيا خلال المدة 1990 - 2013. حيث تم قياس البنية المالية التحتية باستخدام مؤشرات مختلفة مثل البيئة المؤسسية، والبيئة التنظيمية والحصول على | This thesis aims to analysis the effect of financial infrastructure on the foreign investments inflows in three countries namely Iraq, Malaysia and Indonesia during the period 1990 - 2013. The financial infrastructure measured by using different indicators such as institutional environment, regulatory environment and access to finance. The thesis found that the development of financial infrastructure is varied among the selected countries. It was highly developed in Malaysia where it was less developed in both other countries. The applied econometric model (Granger Causality) proved the thesis’s hypothesis which stated that the sophisticated financial infrastructure directly and indirectly leads to more inflows of foreign investments for Iraq, Malaysia and Indonesia. The thesis divided into three chapters in order to achieve its objectives and tackle its problem as well as approve the hypothesis. The first chapter includes the theoretical and conceptual framework of both the foreign investment and financial infrastructure. The second chapter analyzed the role of financial infrastructure in attraction more of foreign investments in the three mentioned countries. The third chapter measured the causality nexus between the financial infrastructure and foreign investments. In addition, the thesis also listed the major conclusions and policy implications especially for Iraqi policy maker.
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