البنك المركزي والاقتراض الحكومي
Author name:
عفراء هادي سعيد
Supervisor name:
عوض فاضل اسماعيل الدليمي
General topic:
Administration and Economics
Specific topic:
Economy
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
07T3857 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The common thoughts among the economists until the 1970’s decade, were that the financial policy had important expanding influences on the real total product development, and according to this opinion, the increase in the size of government agreement could participate in increasing the rate of economic growth, and a complained with the thoughts on increase in requesting the government to interfere in the economic activities to face the negative traces (results) which were by the monetary and financial which also threatened the international economy, in spite of the negative wan traces. With the expansion of the governmental interference , the growth of its need for the financial resources to cover it’s increasing growth expenditures facing the lack in it’s normal financial resources , which resulted in a continuos lack in the general budget , which also motivated the countries to search for ways that could participate in enhancing this lack.In order to assure obtaining these resources locally , the countries went towards expanding it’s law and administrative relation ships with the central banks in order to influence on tasks of these banks in a way that could facilitate it’s obtaining for credits and depts and facing the governmental lack first and constituting the central banks in the countries that miss these banks secondly.But , this interference by the government in the economic activity did not stop the down rise in the economic situation , cause the negative results were reflected on the national economy through an increase in the monetary establishment and the upraise in the cash flow size , these results were expanding just on the value of the general governmental dept in one hand , and on the nature of the relation between the government and the central bank in the other hand , which caused an uprisal in the aims resisting it , and that was also just in time with the developments witnessed by the economical thinking attempting to bring back the classical libralic thoughts which went through the world in the two centuries the 18th and 19th , and after noticing the government interference to stop and limit the expansion of the economic disasters , this interference was under great disappointment from the new classic libralic thinkers.Thus , the economical developments witnessed by the advanced countries were associated with the emerge of the globalization phenomena and the regression of the government economic role , and the limiting the negative results for the governmental dept and to demand the avoidance for the central banks from the government influence and it’s effects on determining the monetary policy , these changes were accompanied by determining functions at the central bank in order to minimize the inflation.These developments anticipated in limiting the governmental volume because of the law constrains which were included in the law of central bank and to limit and stop the negative results and effects resulting from the governmental dept process from these banks, specially in the industrials advanced countries Study assumption The central bank has a role in supplying and financing the government, but the increased depending on this source and what comes with it of bad results , like increase in the inflation rates and affecting negatively on the monetary policy, that explained the attempt especially in the advanced industrial countries, to independence from the government influence in order to minimize the negative results. The study goal1. Determining the central bank’s links and it’s relation with the government and the nature of the logical relation with the government. 2. Determining the financial relation between the central bank and the government ,and determining the explaining factors for having the government willing to obtain the credit from it.3. Studying the effectiveness of central bank independence in determining and limit the inflation and financing the government in the industrial and growing countries.The Study (Progress) In order to reach the study goals , the research was divided to three chapters, each one of them contains several metho - dolagies and theories. in addition to the confusion and recommendations as follows : The first chapter was concerned with the initial establishment of the central banks and its relation with the government through four searches, the first was specialized in studding the historical development for the birth of central banks , while the second search was with what were the central banks and the development it witnessed , while the third search handled the central banks tasks and it’s great relation with the monetary and financial inventories for the government , finally , the fourth search was concerned with the logical nature of the central banks relation with the government. The second chapter came with the address of the financial relation between the central bank and the government, and it was covered through five searches, the first handled defining the general dept and it’s laws, and the second focused on the establishment of internal general dept, while the third factors came with an address of the explaining factors for having the government lend the loons from the central bank. The third chapter was concerned with the central bank independence and it’s reflections on the government dept. And that was through three searches , the first was defining the central bank independence , the second focused on the effect of the relation between the central banks and the government historically ,the third specialized in studying the economic reflections for the central bank dependency. Finally the study was sent with set of conclusions and recommendations were related with the search assumption and nature of the central bank’s independence in a general way
