Abstract: مرض عوز نازعة هيدروجين الكلوكوز - 6 - فوسفات يعد من الامراض المرتبطة بالاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي , تلف الدماغ وحتى الموت . اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة ضرر الاكسدة في الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي وخصوصا المصابين بمرض عوز نازعة هيدروجين الكلوكوز - 6 - فوسفات . اجريت ايضا هذه الدراسة لغرض تاكيد دور جهد الاكسدة ونظام الانزيمي المضاد للاكسدة في الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي في مستشفى بابل التعليمي للنسائية والاطفال في بابل . خلال هذه الدراسة الممتدة من كانون الثاني 2008 الى الثلاثين من شهر حزيران 2008 , تم اختيار 225 طفلا مصابا بيرقان ولادي (145 ذكور و80 اناث) غير معروف السبب و50 طفلا حديثي الولادة طبيعيين (35 ذكور و15 اناث) . الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي تم تقسيمهم الى اطفال مصابين بنقص انزيم عوز نازعة الهيدروجين الكلوكوز - 6 - فوسفات (المجموعة الاولى) واطفال مصابين بيرقان ولادي لكن ليس لديهم نقص في الانزيم اعلاه (المجموعة الثانية) وتم فحصهم بطريقة الاختزالية وطريقة الفقاعة المتفلورة لمعرفة عدد المصابين بنقص هذا الانزيم . لقد تبين من النتائج المحصلة في هذا البحث ان الاطفال المصابين بنقص الانزيم اعلاه هم 20 طفل (8.9 %) , 15 (75%) منهم كانوا ذكورا و5(25%) كانوا اناثا ونسبة الذكورالى الاناث هي 3 : 1 . كل الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي كانوا بحاجة للعلاج الضوئي اما 14 (70%) من الاطفال المصابين بنقص الانزيم احتاجوا الى عملية تبديل كامل للدم . 2(10%) من الاطفال المصابين بنقص الانزيم كانت لديهم علامات تلف بالدماغ عند وصولهم للمستشفى وقد توفوا قبل اجراء عملية تبديل دم لهم . لا يوجد تاريخ ايجابي لتناول الادوية المحفزة لهذا المرض او تناول الباقلاء . تم دراسة عوامل دموية في الاطفال حديثي الولادة في كل المجاميع وتضمنت Hb and PCV , reticulocyte Count , WBC count . لقد تبين من هذه الدراسة وجود زيادة معنوية في reticulocyte and WBC count . لقد تبين ايضا من هذه الدراسة وجود نقصان معنوي في وزن الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي وخصوصا الذين يعانون من نقص الانزيم اعلاه مقارنة مع الاطفال الطبيعيين (P value < 0.05) . ان نقص الانزيم يمكن ان يؤدي الى زيادة خطر اليرقان الولادي . هذه الدراسة دلت على وجود زيادة معنوية في مستوى مالون داي الديهايد (MDA) في الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي والاطفال المصابين بنقص الانزيم (P value < 0.05) بينما نقصان معنوي في مستوى كلوتاثايون (GSH) وفعالية انزيم الكيتيليز (CAT) عندما قورنت مع الاطفال الطبيعيين (P value < 0.05) . وجد ايضا علاقة موجبة بين TSB وMDA وكذلك بين GSH وHb بينما هناك علاقة سالبة بين TSB مع GSH CAT , وHb وكذلك بين MD وكلا من GSHو CAT . | Glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common enzymopathy associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia , kernicterus and even death . This study was conducted to know oxidative damage in neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and G6PD deficiency . Also this study was conducted to detect the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymatic system in neonatal hemolytic jaundice of Babylon Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital . A prospective study was conducted during the period from 1st of January 2008 to the 30th of June 2008 in Babylon hospital of Maternity and Pediatric . Over the study period , a total of 225 full - term newborn infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (145 males and 80 females) and 50 healthy neonates taken as a control group (35 males and 15 females) were studied . Newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were subdivided into G6PD deficiency (I group) and normal G6PD (II group) , a reduction method test and fluorescent spot test were used to assay the activity of G6PD . In this study , 20 (8.9%) of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia had G6PD deficiency . Fifteen (75%) of the G6PD deficient patients were males and 5 (25%) were females with male : female ratio 3 : 1 . In both normal and G6PD deficient (II and I) , reticulocyte counts and WBC were increased while PCV and Hb were decreased when compared with control group . There was a significant decrease in weight in normal and G6PD deficient groups when compared with control group . G6PD deficiency was led to increase risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with significant number of them which required exchange blood transfusion 14 (70%) . All neonates with hyperbilirubinemia have received phototherapy . Two neonates (10%) with G6PD deficiency were presented with kernicterus signs and both of them died . The present study indicates significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and G6PD deficiency when compared with the control group . A significant decrease in serum catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and G6PD deficiency was found . There was positive correlation between TSB and MDA , GSH and Hb . There was a negative correlation between TSB with GSH , CAT and Hb and between MDA with GSH and CAT .

دراسة فعالية نبات عين البزون كعلاج طبيعي لمرض سرطان الدم المستحث في ذكور الفئران == Study the Activity of Catharanthus Roseus as Natural Treatment for Induced Leukemia in Male Mice

Author name: محمد عبود عياش

Supervisor name: مفيد جليل عوض | نسرين جلال محمد

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: Leukemia is cancer of blood - forming tissues, begin in the bone marrow characterized by highly elevated of abnormal proliferation and circulation of immature clonal hematopoietic cells. It can affect all ages around the world which in turn considered as one of public health problem.Plants considered as an important source for medical drugs manufacturing due to the presence of certain compounds with medicinal biological activity, therefore adopted in the preparation of a lot of medicines and medical drugs because of its' speed therapeutic influence and low of negative side effects which caused by chemically manufactured medications.The present study aimed to evaluate the activity and efficiency of vincristine and other important constituent in Catharanthus Roseus plant in treatment of leukemia through enhance and direct impact on some of the body's vital biological activities by using fresh crude plant as herbal medicine. This study is Cohort study design. It is monitoring, detection, and investigation study that included some of groups that completely under control; this study used in medicine, nursing, psychology and social sciences in addition to the Ecology. This study included (60) Albino male mice divided into four groups (15) mice for each. Group (A) was the control group, group (B) was mice feed orally with of C. Roseus plant, group (C) was leukemia induced mice by subcutaneous injection of (300mg/kg B.W benzene), and group (D) was Induced leukemia mice treated by oral feeding with C. Roseus plant. The experimental work was carried out in Clinical Biochemistry Department / College of Medicine / University of Babylon during the period from (October 2015 to August 2016).High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique was used for measurement of Vincristine drug (VCR) in plant and vitamin D levels in mices' serum, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) had was used for the measurement of serum ferritin, UV - Vis Spectrophotometer was used for determination of GSH - Px and GST concentrations, while Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique (GFAAS) was used for measurement of trace elements concentration of (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se). There were hematological and histopathology studies carried out by using special required equipment to make sure that leukemia disease was indeed occur.Hematological study included measurement of Hb levels and WBC count, while histopathology study included bone marrow, liver, kidney, spleen smear. Microscopic investigation for Chromosomal Aberration and Micronuclei were also had been done.Results showed that C. Roseus plant contain the concentration of vincristine drug up to 148μg/gm. There was highly significant increase of serum ferritin levels, GST activity, Iron and Copper concentration, and WBCs in leukemic group (C) (P<0.001) when compared with control group (A), while there were highly significant decrease of these parameters in group (B) as compared with the control (A) and (C) groups.Results also showed a highly significant decrease of GSH - Px activity, Vit.D levels, Zinc and Selenium concentration, and Hemoglobin levels in group (C) (P<0.001) when compared with the control group, while there were highly significant increase of these parameters in group (B) as compared with control and (C) groups. The present study found a positive correlation between Vit.D and GSH - Px activity, Ferritin and GST activity, while this study found a negative correlation between Ferritin and GSH - Px activity, serum Iron and Selenium concentration.The present study found positive effect of C.Roseus on abnormal parameters and support the biological system which was clear in group (D) which demonstrated that there were significant inhibitions to decrease or increase of these parameters than those in healthy control.

الانماط الجينية والبروتين الرابط للرتينول 4 في مرضى الاعتلال الكلوي السكري النوع الثاني == Gene Polymorphism And Retinol Binding Protein 4 In Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

Author name: احمد جبار عباس

Supervisor name: مها فاضل سميسم | علاء حسين ال حيدر

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: داء السكري هو مرض ايضي له تاثير على ايض الكاربوهيدرات والدهون والبروتينات. ومن مضاعفات السكري اعتلال الكلية السكري، الذي يعد السبب الرئيسي للفشل الكلوي المزمن. الليبوكالينات هي عائلة من البروتينات التي تنقل الجزيئات الكارهة للماء صغيرة مثل السروئيدات | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease involving carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the significant complication of diabetes, which is at the present time the major cause of chronic renal failure. The lipocalins are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, retinoids, and lipids. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP 4) is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins and it has a role in insulin resistance. A meta - analysis demonstrated a significant association between the polymorphism of glucose transporter1 gene with DN. The presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms may contribute to a decreased eNOS activity and a lowered nitric oxide level, and has been reported to be a potential factor in the development and pathogenesis of DN. The study aimed the evaluation of lipid profiles and determination of their association with retinol binding protein 4 expression in diabetic patients, evaluation of gene expression of eNOS G894T polymorphism in diabetic patients to predict its relationship with nephropathy in future, and evaluation of gene level of GluT1 polymorphism in diabetic patients to predict its relationship with nephropathy in future. This study was conducted in Hilla city, from December 2015 to April 2016. The samples were collected from Babylon Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Marjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon / Hilla city.This study was included 160 subjects, who were (35 - 58) years old and BMI between (25 - 29.9) which were divided into groups : Control group 80 apparently healthy persons included 40 male control group (MC) and 40 females control group (FC). Eighty patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 include (40 males group (M)) and (40 females group (F)). Blood samples (10 ml) were taken from fasting subjects. Two milliliters of blood were put in EDTA tube used for the determination of HbA1c and genetic study and 8 milliliters of blood were put in plane tube and centrifuged to separated serum to measure (glucose, insulin, retinol binding protein 4 and lipid profile ( and insulin resistance was measured by equations. The results show : 1. There is a significant increase in the mean of fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin level, insulin resistance in groups M and F as compared to the control groups, (p<0.01), but there was no significant increase between two patient groups (p ? 0.05)2. The significant increase (P <0.01) in total cholesterol (TC), TG, LDL - C and VLDL - C, while serum HDL - C concentration was found significantly decrease (P<0.01) in patient groups as compared with the control groups, and no significant increase or decrease in lipid profiles in comparison between patients groups (P ? 0.05).3. There is significant increase (P< 0.01) in RBP4 between patients and control groups, and not significant (P?0.05) difference between patient groups.4. Group M shows significant positive correlations (r = 0.514, p= 0.0012 and r = 0.536, p = 0.0034) of RBP4 concentration with serum fasting insulin concentration and HOMA - IR respectively, in group F, the results show a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.502, p = 0.001 and r = 0.474, p = 0.02) between RBP4 concentration with serum fasting insulin concentration and HOMA - IR respectively.5. A significant positive correlations was found (r = 0.486, p 0.001; r = 0.388, p 0.013; r =0.385, p=0.014) for serum RBP4 concentration with TC, TG and LDL - C concentrations respectively, and significantly negative with HDL - C (r = - 0.424, p =0.006) in group M, also positive correlation (r = 0.443, p =0.004; r = 0.467, p = 0.002; r = 0.435, p = 0.005) of RBP4 with TC, TG, LDL - C respectively and negatively with HDL - C (r = - 0.453, P = 0.003) in group F.6. A significant increase (< 0.01) in non HDL - C between patients and control groups and no significant (?0.05) difference between patient groups.7. According to the results of genotyping, XbaI polymorphism wasidentified as homologous genotype XbaI ( - / - ) were 12 (30%) in the group M, 14 (35%) in the group F, 3(7.5%) in the group MC and in the group FC 2(5%), while individuals have heterozygous genotype XbaI ( - /+) were 7 (17.5%) in the group M, 10 (25%) in the group F, 10 (25%) in group MC and in the group FC 8(20%).8. A significant association between the frequency of XbaI ( - / - ) variant in group M in compared with group MC an odd ratio = 5.14 and confidence interval at 95% level of (1.36 - 19.4), and in group F in compared with group FC an odds ratio = 13.12 and confidence interval at 95% of (2.64 - 65.07). 9. According to the results of genotyping, G894T polymorphism for eNOS gene was identified as homologous genotype TT were 7 (17.5%) in group M, 9 (22.5%) in group F, 8 (20%) in group MC and 10 (25%) in group FC, while individuals have heterozygous genotype G/T were 21 (52.5%) in group M, 20 (50%) in group F, 6 (15%) in group MC and 7 (17.5%) in group FC.10. A significant frequency of GT variant in group M is compared with group MC with odds ratio = 7.58 and confidence at 95% level of (2.43 - 23.62), and in patients of group F as compared with group FC with odds ratio = 7.27 and confidence interval at 95% of (2.4 - 22.02).In conclusion, the RBP4 is associated in causing insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. The high levels of Non HDL - C in diabetic patient contribute in progression of diabetic nephropathy. The GLUT1 polymorphism in diabetic type 2 patients specially patients with XbaI ( - / - ) and eNOS gene polymorphism G/T allele have a role in progression to diabetic nephropathy.

دراسة الملف المصلي وتقييم بعض الخصائص المناعية لدى مرضى الحزام الناري == Serum Profile Study And Evaluation Of Some Immune Features Among Patients With Shingles

Author name: زينب عبد النبي طليفح النصراوي

Supervisor name: حبيب صاحب نهر | محمد كاظم طاهر الحطاب

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Microbiology

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للفترة من 1شباط 2015 لغاية 3شباط 2016 وجمعت خلالها عينات المرضى المصابين بالحزام الناري من قسم الامراض الجلدية في العيادات الاستشارية في مستشفى مرجان التعليمي للتحري عن بعض الجوانب المناعية في المرضى, وكان العدد الكلي للمرضى 50 مريضا | This study was conducted during the period from 1st February 2015 to 3rd February 2016, and the samples were collected from dermatology department of the consultant clinic in Marjan Teaching Hospital to investigate certain immunological markers of patients with shingles. The total number of patients were whose their ages ranges were 14 - 80 years. Age group (40 - 61) years have the highest percentage of infection reaching 46%.The immunofluorescence test for Varicella Zoster virus - specific IgG showed 48 out 50 are positive(96%). The higher percentage of infection with shingles was in female (54%), while male patients the percentage was(46%).The results showed that patients with blood group (O+) have 50% of infection rate.When CD4 was investigated by ELISA test , the results showed that the mean± SD of serum level of CD4 in shingles patients and control group is (6.70± 0.97 and 9.36±2.02) ng/ml respectively. The concentration of CD4 was lower in patients with shingles than healthy control group, while concentration of CD8 and CD56were higher than healthy control group ( the mean± SD of serum level of CD8 in shingles patients and control group was 21.42±5.43 and19.11±3.29 ng /ml respectively, whereas the mean ± SD of CD56 concentration in shingles and control group were 107.58± 40.39 and 67.59 ± 36.31 ng/ml, respectively).The results also showed that the concentrations of IFN ? and TNF? were lower in patients with shingles compared with non - infected persons , as the following : the mean± SD of serum level of IFN ? in shingles patients and control group was 184.31±21.95 and 218.03±26.21 pg /ml respectively, and the mean ± SD of TNF? concentration in shingles and control group were 51.55± 5.14 and 62.35 ± 6.74 pg/ml, respectively. For IL 10, the concentration was higher in patients with shingles than that in the healthy control group; the mean± SD of serum level of IL 10 in shingles patients and control group was12.42±5.59 and 4.47±0.90 pg /ml respectively. This study was concluded following : • Gender represents a risk factor for the occurrence of shingles mainly at ages over 40 years old (higher in females than males).• Varicella Zoster virus specific IgG is a sensitive and specific test that can be used for the laboratory diagnosis of shingles.• Varicella Zoster virus reactivation has a suggested link with decreased level of soluble CD4 molecules and, for lesser extend with increased soluble CD8 and CD56 molecules in patients serum. • Blood group O+ might be consider as a risk factor for reactivation of VZV infection as the majority of patients were within this blood group.• A diminished role of the inflammatory TH1 cells in reactivated shingles patients is more likely as evident by the reduced concentration of IFN? and TNF? profiles. The Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+) seems to play a role in such reduction of TH1 proinflammatory cytokines as evident by the significant elevation of IL10 in shingles patients.

الاهمية الكيميائية الحياتية لنبتة العليق الاحمر كماسك طبيعي في حالة زيادة الحديد == Biochemical Importance Of Rubus Idaeus As A Natural Chelator In Iron Overload Status

Author name: حازم علي حسين

Supervisor name: مفيد جليل عوض | مؤيد عمران الغزالي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: لمنع تراكم الحديد في الجسم، وخاصة لمرضى داء ترسب الاصبغة الدموية،او الذين يحتاجون الى نقل دم بصورة مستمرة، لابد من عمل مركب معه يعمل على استخراجه.نبتة العليق الاحمر تحتوي على كمية عالية من حامض التانيك وهو مركب متعدد الفينولات للنبات يعمل على مسك او حجز | To prevent iron overload, especially for those patient with hemochromatosis or those having chronic blood transfusion, iron must be chelated and excreted, Rubus Idaeus containing high quantity of tannic acid which is a plant polyphenol, chelate iron and excreted from the body. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity and efficiency of tannic acid in Rubus Idaeus fruit to reduce or eliminate iron overload through enhance direct impact on some of the body,s vital biological activities by using fresh crude plant as herbal medicine. This study is Cohort study designed. It is monitoring, detection, and investigation study that included some of groups that completely under control(control), and other group which induced iron overload , the iron overload group is subdivided to 5 groups, one of this sub gorups is treated with desferal(Deferroxamine),and the rest 3groups giving 3 different doses of pure fruit of Rubus Idaeus, while the least group is not treated with fruit or with desferalThe study included (60) Albino male mice divided into six groups with count (10) mice for each. First group was labeled as control (A). The other five groups received intra peritoneal injections of iron - dextran at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day B.w. (one dose every two days for 3 weeks) are the iron overload groups ,which are classified as a following : B1 group ,in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 100 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit, B2 group, in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 200 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit,B3 group ,in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 300 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit, group(C),in which the iron overload induced mice received 493mg/kg/day desferal by subcutaneous injection for 21 days beginning on the day following the first iron dextran injection, group (D) ,in which the iron overload induced mice neither received desferal nor Rubus Idaeus fruit. The experimental work was carried out in the animal house and in the Clinical Biochemistry Department / College of Medicine / Babylon University during the period from (October 2015 to August 2016). High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique has been used for measurement of tannic acid in fruit in mice's serum. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) has been used for the measurement of serum ferritin, UV - Vis Spectrophotometer has been used for determination of GSH - Px and GST concentrations, while Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique (GFAAS) has been used for concentration measurement of trace elements. There were hematological study have been carried out using special required equipment, protein analysis by electrophoresis has been used for mice's serum to detect protein changes for all groups. Results showed that Rubus Idaeus fruit contain good acceptable concentration of tannic acid up to (853 µg/gm),amount of trace element in the fruit plant was 14.12 ppm for Zinc,33.62 ppm for Iron,3.5ppm for copper(Cu),311.06 ppb for selenium(Se),40.13 ppb for chromium(Cr). Results also showed highly significant increase of Serum ferritin, hemoglobin levels, GST activity, Iron and Copper concentration, and decreased in chromium in iron overload group (D) (P<0.001) when compared with control group (A), while there were highly significant decrease of these parameters and increased chromium in group (B2) and group (C) as compared with control groups. Results also showed highly significant decrease of GSH - Px activity, Zinc and Selenium concentration, and increased in hemoglobin levels in group (D) (P<0.001) when compared with the control group, while there were highly significant increase of these parameters and decreased in hemoglobin level in group (B2) and (C)as compared with control and (A) groups. The study have been found positive effect of Rubus Idaeus on abnormal parameters and support the biological system which was clear in group (B2) and (C) which demonstrated that there were significant inhibitions to decrease or increase of these parameters than those in normal. The present study found that fruit of Rubus Idaeus in dose(200 mg/kg/day)in mouse(16.2mg/kg/day in human) gives more reasonable results than other 2 doses (100mg/kg,300mg/kg) in treatment of iron overload ,100mg/kg had no effect in reducing iron overload,300mg/kg chelate iron so more that causing anemia, while this study found a negative correlation between Ferritin and GSH - Px activity, serum chromium and Selenium concentration. Results also showed that there is a changes in protein bands in samples, new bands occurs in samples of induced iron overload group (D) due to increased production of iron regulating proteins. While these bands are absent in groups (A),(B2)

دراسة انزيم التيلومريز وجين الكلوتاثيون بيروكسيديز الاول في مرضى السكري النوع الاول == Telomerase Enzyme And Glutathione Peroxidase1 Gene In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Author name: دعاء مهدي هادي الحكاك

Supervisor name: مها فاضل سميسم | علي حسين البياتي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an immune - mediated depletion of ? - cells that results in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative cell injury caused by free radicals contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complications and decreased efficiency of antioxidant defenses (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) seems to correlate with the severity of pathological tissue changes in T1DM, So many studies have tended to analyze the genetic material that can be related to the occurrence of the disease. Different combinations of genetic defects of antioxidant enzyme are expected. This could readily provide an explanation of the heterogeneity of T1DM.The aim of this study is to assess the differences of GPX1 genotype in T1DM as compare with controls. And the effect of C/T at nucleotide 1050450codon 198 of GPX1 gene polymorphisms on serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and telomerase enzyme (TE) concentration in T1DM patients and controls. This study included (108) persons, their ages between (28 - 42 years) and body mass index in normal and overweight (68) of them were uncontrolled diabetes type 1 (HbA1c ? 6.5 %), (34) of them were male patients (M group), the other (34) were female patients (F group), and the other (40) apparently healthy as control group (20) male (MC group) with (20) female (FC group). The sera sample of all groups were used to measure the concentration of fasting blood glucose by using colorimetric methods and ELISA method for determination (TE), total antioxidant capacity (TAO - C), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase1 enzyme, while whole blood samples from study subjects were used to measure HbA1c and extract DNA for the study of polymorphisms in GPx1 gene.The results of the present study showed1 - A significant increase in glucose, HbA1c in both male and female patients compared with controls group. (P < 0.0001) and (p< 0.05) respectively.2 - The study showed significant decrease (p? 0.001) in telomerase enzyme in both M and F as compare with MC and FC groups,3 - There was no significant association between M and F (P=0.106) and between MC and FC (P=0.327) regarding to gender.4 - The result showed that telomerase concentration significantly decrease with age (p - value<0.001) which indicated by negative correlation between telomerase concentration and age.5 - The result showed significant negative correlation between telomerase enzyme concentration and BMI in patients and controls.6 - The result showed significant decrease in TAO - C in patient as compared with control groups (P=<0.001)7 - GPX1 concentration significantly decreased in patient as compared with control groups (p - value <0.001 )8 - Significant increase in Glutathione concentration in patients as compared with controls (p - value <0.05)9 - Data on the genetic patterns were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction technique - RFLP revealed, were defined as : the codon 198 of Gpx1 genotyping have the homozygous wild - type (CC) Pro/Pro, the homozygous mutant (TT) Leu/Leu, and heterozygous (CT) Pro/Leu allele. There was significant difference between genotype distribution and frequency of alleles between the two groups of patients (M and F) versus (MC and FC) (odds ratio = 33, into confidence level of 95% : 1.65 to 656.26) and P value ( 0.0219) for M vs. MC, and (OR = 12.60, into the proportion of 95% confidence level : 1.93 to 82.08) and P value (0.0081) for F vs. FC. Also, the frequency of TT genotypes in GPX1gene in male and female were47% and 61.7% compare to control male(0%) and female(10%).10 - The allele frequency showed significant differences in all sample (p=0.0013), in male (0.14) and in female (0.0020).11 - There was significant difference in telomerase concentration (p= 0.001) and in glutathione peroxidase concentration (p< 0.0005) in patients group depending on different of the GPX1 genotyping.12 - Depending on GPX1 genotype there were significant differences in BMI in normal weight and in overweight between patient and control (p=0.0375) and (p<0.0018), respectively.In Conclusion, the TT genotype of The GPX1gene variants Pro 198 Leu may be risk factor to T1DM patients. TIDM significantly associated with glutathione peroxidase and telomerase level in patients with TT genotypes of GPX1 gene compared to those with CT and CC genotypes, and this may be considered as a risk factor for senescence and mortality in T1DM. patients, also there is significant negative correlation between telomerase enzyme and BMI in patients and controls.

التغيرات الحاصلة في نسب الانسولين والاحماض الصفراء والكوليسترول 7 الفا هيدروكسليز وفوق الاكسيد الفائق في مصل مرضى حصى المراره == Serum Insulin, Bile Acid, Cholesterol 7 - Alpha Hydroxylase And Superoxide Dismutase Changes In Patients With Gallstone

Author name: سماح سجاد كاظم الشمري

Supervisor name: محمد عبيد المحمدي | علي خير الله الشاعلي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Physiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Physiology And Medical Physics

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: يعتبر مرض حصى المرارةمن اكثر امراض الجهاز الهضمي شيوعا، ووتشكل عبئا كبيرا على انظمة الرعاية الصحية. معظم الناس (حوالي 80 ?) مع حصى المرارة ليس لديهم اعراض. وتشمل مضاعفات حصى المرارة التهاب المرارة والبنكرياس.الهدف من الدراسة : 1 - للتحقيق في العلاقة بين | A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of bile components. Cholelithiasis or Gallstone disease (GD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases, with a substantial burden to health care systems. Most people (about 80%) with gallstones are asymptomatic. Complications of gallstones include inflammation of the gallbladder, pancreas. Objective 1. To investigate the association between serum level bile acid and cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase and the development of gallstone disease. 2. To Evaluate the change serum level insulin changes and its effect on gallstone formation. 3. The determination of serum superoxide dismutase changes in patients with gallstone. Material and Methods In this study, one hundred sixty (160) patients with gallstone aged (20 - 70) years and one hundred sixty (160) age and sex match subject (control group) had involved in this study. The patients were intended to undergo surgical removal of gallbladder in Al - Hilla general teaching hospital during the period from November (2015) to May (2016). Blood samples were obtained from all patients prior to surgical treatment. Serum was obtained by usual methods and analyzed for insulin, insulin resistance Cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase, Superoxide Dismutase, Bile acid (Deoxycholic acid and Chenodeoxycholic acid) and lipid profile {total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol}. And qualitative analysis of gallstone (Cholesterol stone, mixed stone, pigment stone), then these parameters compared with those of control groups. In addition, a demographic comparison regarding to the age, sex and body mass index between the patients and control groups was carried. Results The results of this study show higher significant percentage of gall stone in female (81%) than male (19%) in the patient group. There was an insignificant difference between male and female patients, according to age group (P<0.05). There is a higher significant (p>0.05) family history in the patients with gallstone compared with control subjects. Additionally, There is highly significant percent of female using oral contraception in pateints than control group (p > 0.01). Similarly, smoking, parity,Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Body Mass Index are found to be significantly higher inpatient group (p>0.01). This study demonstrate that insulin and insulin resistance are significant higher in sera of patients with gallstone as compared with the control group. (p>0.01) Regarding the cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase and Bile acids are found to be significantlylower in sera of patients with gallstone as compared with the control group, p< 0.01). It has also found that there are a higher significant difference in gallstone patients than control regarding total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher than that of control group (p>0.01). Meanwhile, all these parameters in the study are variated according to gender. However The qualitative analysis of stone that show cholesterol stone is more common than other types.Conclusions In this study the most studied parameters including of Insulin and insulin resistance, cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase and Bile acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are significantly different in gallstone patients compared to control subjects and such differences are demographically affected depending on the age, sex, BMI, parity, contraceptive and smoking.

Effect Of SNP rs198389 of BNP Gene On The Natriuretic Peptides Levels In Cardiovascular Patients

Author name: Alaa Salman Idan Al - Ibrahimi

Supervisor name: Monem M. Al | shok | Moaed E. Al | Gazally

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to any group of acute signs and symptoms attributed to sever obstruction of the coronary arteries. Acute coronary syndrome usually occurs because of one of three problems : ST elevation myocardial infarction, non - ST elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina. These types are named according to the results of the electrocardiogram (ECG). In addition to clinical and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, several biochemical markers are considered in patients with chest pain to diagnose myocardial ischemia. Heart failure (HF) according to American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) is a complex clinical syndrome that can be caused by any structural or functional disorder in the heart that fails the capability of the ventricle to fill with or to eject blood. The diagnosis is often performed clinically on the basis of the presence of dyspnea, fatigue, signs of fluid overload, such as pulmonary crepitation, peripheral edema, and distension of jugular vein.B - type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N - terminal pro - BNP (NT - proBNP) are secreted by human atrial and ventricular myocardium. The rise in BNP and NT - proBNP levels after ACS and HF correlates with infarct size and regional wall motion abnormalities. Echocardiography remains the most frequently used and usually the initial imaging test to evaluate all cardiovascular diseases related to a structural, functional, or hemodynamic abnormality of the heart or great vessels. This study is designed to investigate and assess the serum concentrations of BNP and NT - proBNP in patients with HF and ACS; In addition, almost equal number of males and females are chosen to control the effect of age and gender on the levels of BNP and NT - proBNP. Also, the study aims to evaluate the effect of BNP gene T - 381C (rs198389) polymorphism on the plasma human levels of BNP and NT - proBNP and compare the results that will obtain with healthy control.The present study was involved (70) patients, (35) of them with ACS and the other (35) with HF. The study also includes (22) subjects were taken as control group. The sera obtained from the blood of patients and control subjects were used to measure the concentrations of BNP and NT - proBNP, while whole blood samples from study subjects are used to extract DNA for the study of polymorphism in BNP gene.The results indicate both the ACS and HF groups have significantly higher levels of BNP and NT - proBNP when compared to control group, also HF patients have higher levels of both parameters than ACS patients, in all comparison (p

المستويات والانماط الجينية المتعددة للانترلوكين - 6 في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي في محافظة بابل/العراق == Interleukin - 6 Gene Polymorphisms And Levels In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients In Babylon Province / Iraq

Author name: سارة حسين عيدان

Supervisor name: عبد السميع حسن الطائي | صباح جاسم الربيعي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: التهاب المفاصل الرثوي هو احد الامراض المناعية الذاتية الالتهابية المزمنة الذي يتميز بالتهاب المفاصل المتماثل المستمر الذي يصيب عادة مفاصل اليدين والقدمين.تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التقصي عن العلاقة المحتملة بين مستويات الانترلوكين - 6 والانماط الجينية المتعددة | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterized by persistent symmetric polyarthritis that commonly affects joints of hands and feet.This study aims to investigate the possible association between interleukin - 6 (IL - 6) levels and ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 promoter polymorphism in RA in Babylon Province. 60 RA patients and 60 healthy controls matched in age and sex were included in this case control study. Measurement of serum IL - 6 and serum anti cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) antibodies were assayed using commercially available ELISA kit. Measurement of blood rheumatoid factor (RF) was assayed by use slide agglutination test for the qualitative and semiquantitative. Whereas, blood C - reactive protein (CRP) was determined using latex - enhanced nephelometry. Disease severity score of RA patients was determined by use DAS - 28. DNA was isolated from white blood cells (WBCs) and ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) technique. the study was found significantly high levels of serum IL - 6 and ACCPA in untreated and in treated RA patients when compared to healthy controls. RF of patients with RA in the present study was found to be positive in 83.32% and negative in 16.67 % in overall RA patients, whereas was negative in 99% of healthy control. CRF of patients with RA in the present study was found to be positive in 78.4% and negative in 21.6 % in overall patients with RA, and was positive in 20% of healthy control. Correlation between DAS - 28 and IL - 6 levels in untreated and in treated RA patients were significant positive correlation. Correlation between IL - 6 and ACCPA in untreated and in treated RA patients were significant positive correlation. Correlation between DAS - 28 and ACCPA in untreated and in treated RA patients were significant positive correlation. The Genotype of ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism and its percentage in patient found to be 80% GG,18.3% GC and 1.6% CC, whereas in healthy control 98.3% GG, 1.6% GC and 0% CC. Relation between both of IL - 6 levels and DAS - 28 with genotyping of ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism in untreated and treated RA patients were found to be positive significant relation. The high levels of IL - 6, and its positive relation with DAS - 28 may suggest a possible role of IL - 6 in the pathogenesis of RA. Moreover, these biomarkers can be used as markers of disease activity in the diagnosis and treatment of RA. ( - 174G/C) IL - 6 polymorphisms are also associated with the RA risk, and the C allele of IL - 6 promoter polymorphisms has dramatically increased the susceptibility of RA in Babylon population. This finding suggests that the ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism may also be used as another genetic marker for the onset and development of RA in Babylon population.

الكشف عن طفر الجين عامل النمو البشراوي الثاني (HER2) في سرطان الخلايا الانتقالية باستعمال طريقة اللونية في موقع التهجين == The Detection Of HER2 Gene Mutation In Transitional Cell Carcinoma Using CISH Method

Author name: عمار عيسى مهدي

Supervisor name: احمد تركي عبيد | هادي محمد علي الموسوي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Diseases

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Diseases

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: يعتبر سرطان المثانة واحدا من اكثر انواع الاورام السرطانية التي تصيب الجهاز البولي حيث انه يعتبر ثاني ورابع الاكثر شيوعا للذكور في العراق والولايات المتحدة على التوالي وايضا يعتبر العاشر والحادي الاكثر شيوعا للاناث في العراق والولايات المتحدة على التوالي. | The urinary bladder cancers are among the common types of cancer of the urinary tract. It is regarded as the second and the fourth most common cancer types for males in Iraq and in the United State of America (USA) respectively and as tenth and eleventh most common cancer types for females in both Iraq and USA respectively. Urothelial Carcinoma is epithelial tumor of urinary bladder (95% of urinary bladder tumor) and it shows wide range of tumor that begins from papilloma and carcinoma in situ to invasive cancer. The patients with urinary bladder cancer that are presented in non - muscle invasive type or muscle invasive type show different rates of HER2 gene amplification (specially for invasive muscle type). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also called HER or type I ErbB tyrosine kinase receptors) family is composed of four receptor member which include HER1 (ErbB1 or EGFR), HER2/neu (ErbB2 or C - ErbB2) , ErbB3 ( HER3), and ErbB4 (HER4). HER2/neu protein is glycoprotein produced by HER2 gene which lies in 17q21 (long arm of chromosome 17). This glycoprotein is normally found in lung, breast, urinary bladder, prostate and stomach, and its cytoplasmic portion has enzymatic function (tyrosine kinase activity). This receptor is responsible for the cell survival, normal cell growing and inhibition of apoptosis. HER2/neu protein overexpression is measured by IHC when the result of IHC is equivocal to HER2/neu protein (+ 2). Then, HER2 gene amplification is measured by using an accurate and more practical CISH method. The aims of this study are tried to detect the percentage of HER2 gene amplification in the urothelial carcinoma and distribution of HER2 gene amplification with clinical criteria (age , sex, grade, stage, and location of tumor) of the patients that had urothelial carcinoma of bladder.This study contained retrospective (30 cases) and prospective (20 cases) and was conducted in Al - Hilla Surgical Teaching Hospital and the period of the study extended from October /2015 to August/2016. Clinical data of patients include age, gender , clinical features, and type of bladder biopsy ( endoscopic resection or cystectomy) are taken with paraffin blocks.The practical part of the study was done in the laboratory of the department of pathology / College of Medicine/Babylon university. It included 50 patients with bladder cancer (35 males and 15 females ) with two groups (10 cases is positive and 10 cases is negative). It included 50 patients who were diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder with mean age ± SD ( 66.04 ± 10.148 ) years old ranging between 42 - 83 years old. Also, Positive and negative control slides applied with each run CISH method (+ve control of breast tissue that treated by immnohistochemical procedure ( score +3) and the same tissue were applied by removing HER2/neu probe).Fifty patients who were diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and their biopsies of bladder ( taken from endoscopic biopsy or cystectomy). Then, paraffin - embedding procedure was prepared on tissues biopsy and then, hematoxylin and eosin staining (H. and E. staining) procedure was done. Finally, manual CISH was done on both cases(positive and negative cases) and bladder cancer blocks. This CISH method detected her2 amplification according to ASCO/CAP/2013 scoring system. The results showed that age group 61 - 70 years was the highest positive HER2 amplification (64.7%) among other age groups 51 - 60 years (11.8%) and 71 - 80 years old (23.5%), there was a significant association between these age groups with HER2 amplification , p? 0.05. Sex group displayed that 52.9% of male and 47.1% of female who had positive HER2 amplification and there was no significant difference between sex groups with HER2 amplification, p > 0.05. Other results showed that positive HER2 amplification was highest in grade 3 (88.2%) of transitional cell carcinoma when compared to grade 2 (11.8) and grade 1 (0%) and there was significant association between cancer grading system with HER2 amplification, p? 0.05. MIBC and NMIBC of staging cancer system showed 82.4% and 17.6% positive HER2 amplification respectively with a significant difference between them ( p value ? 0.05). Also, other result of the histological types of transitional cell carcinoma revealed 88.2% and 11.8% (positive HER2 amplification) of papillary and flat shape respectively with a significant correlation between them ( p value ? 0.05). The HER2 gene amplification was correlated with grade and stage of bladder carcinoma which showed high amplification in high grade and stage. The HER2 gene amplification was not correlated with the sex of the patients, but more cases of HER2 gene amplification were recorded in males; while there was a correlation with age group specifically (61 - 70 years old). The HER2 gene amplification was associated with aggressive behavior of blabber carcinoma. The CISH method application in HER2 gene amplification was flexible and applical.

التوصيف الجزيئي لعوامل الضراوة المرتبطة باصابات بكتريا المكورات العنقودية السالبة للتخثير والمعزولة من المصابين بالتهاب المجاري البولية في محافظة بابل == Molecular Characterization Of Some Virulence Associated Factors For Coagulase - Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Urinary Tract Infection In Babylon Province

Author name: سارة هاشم داخل الحلي

Supervisor name: محمد صبري عبد الرزاق السعيد | جواد كاظم الخفاجي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Microbiology

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة بكتريا المكورات العنقودية السلبية التخثر, وشملت الدراسة جمع120 عينة ادرار من المرضى المصابين بالتهاب المجاري البولية من الاشخاص المراجعين والراقدين في مستشفى بابل للنسائية والاطفال ومستشفى الحلة التعليمي وللفترة من كانون الاول 201 | This work aims to study coagulase - negative Staphylococci, which included 120 urine sample were obtained from patients suffering from urinary tract infection; who attained to Babylon Maternity and Pediatrics Hospital, and Al - Hilla General Teaching Hospital, during the period from December 2015 to March 2016), they were diagnosed as having UTI by the Urologists. The samples were analyzed for any signs of infection and immediately inoculated on blood and MacConkey agar media plates. All plates were incubated aerobically at 37 ?C for 24 - 48 hrs.Results of morphological and biochemical characterization revealed that out of total of 120 urine samples, 110 showed positive culture, among them 37 isolates are belonged to coagulase - negative Staphylococci, other 73 isolates belonged to other bacterial genera.Molecular detection of coagulase gene (coa) was done for all CoNS isolates. The results showed that 28/37 isolates (75.67%) were positive for this marker, distributed as follows : S. epidermidis gave 15 isolates, S. saprophyticus gave 9 isolates and S. haemolyticus gave 4 isolates.Also, molecular investigation of fnb A and B genes are carried out for all CoNS isolates by using specific PCR markers. 13/37 isolates (35%) were positive for fnb A gene, as 6/13 of S. epidermidis, 5/13 of S.saprophyticus and 2/13 of S. haemolyticus have this gene in their genome. On the other hand, only 4/37 isolates gave positive result for fnb B gene; as 2 isolates of both S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis have this gene in their genome.Moreover, sec gene also was investigated in CoNS isolates. The results showed that all CoNS isolates are free from this gene.Regarding urease enzyme production, S. epidermidis and S.saprophyticus isolates were found to be urease positive, while S.haemolyticus isolates display urease negative.To demonstrate the ability of bacteria to form struvite stone, urine samples obtained from healthy individuals were used. It was found that struvite stone was formed by S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus isolates.Moreover, susceptibility to 10 antibiotics were tested by using disc diffusion test (DDT). S. epidermidis was showed 100% resistance for each Methicilline, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Cefoxitin. Also, it show high resistance 94%, 88%, 88%, 76%, and 59% for Impenem, Gentamycin, Pipracillin, Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin respectively. However, S. epidermidis showed low resistance (6%) for Vancomycin. So, all S. saprophyticus isolates showed high resistance (100%) to each Pipracilline, Ceftriaxone, Methicillin, Ceftazidime and Ciprofloxacin. It showed high resistance (92%) for each Vancomycin and Imipenem, and (83%), (75%), (75%) for Cefoxitin, Gentamycin and Amikacin respectively. In addition to that, all S. haemolyticus was showed (100%) resistance for each Ceftriaxone, Pipracillin, Methicilline, Ceftazidime and Cefoxitin. Also, showed high resistance (75%), (63%) and (50%) for Gentamycin, Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin respectively. While it was showed low resistance (13%) to Vancomycin.

الصورة البكتيرية والنسيجية المرافقة لالتهاب اللوزتين المزمن والادينويد عند الاطفال == Bacteriological And Histopathological Profile Associated With Chronic Tonsillitis And Adenoid Hypertrophy In Children

Author name: رشا محسن كاظم الحسيني

Supervisor name: حبيب صاحب نهر | صفاء حسين الطريحي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Microbiology

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the bacterial profile of surface and core of infected tonsils and adenoid tissues and histopathological examination of these organs.A total of 122 samples represented by 63 excised tonsils and 59 excised adenoids in addition to 57 blood samples were collected from 70 patients who were referred to Hilla Teaching Hospital (Ear, Nose and Throat unit) in Hilla city within a period of four months from November 2015 to February 2016. Those patients weresuffering from chronic tonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy. The ages of those patients ranged from 2 to 15 years, 41 (59%) of them were males and 29 (41%) were females.The study included three main parts. The first one was the bacterial diagnosis based on relied diagnostic procedures. Second part was the detection of antistreptolysin O (ASO) by using latex agglutination test, while the third part included histopathological study to detect the pathological lesions that occur during these infections.The results indicated that, the most age group being susceptible for chronic tonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy was the group of 7 - 10 years, represented 33 patients with a percentage of (47%). Among this group, males were more susceptible with percentage of 20 (29%) compared to female patients13 (19%).The surface of all samples (tonsil and adenoid) revealed positive results for bacterial culture, while in the core of tonsil only 44 samples (70%) were positive for bacterial culture while 19 samples (30%) were negative results (no growth). As in tonsils, the core of adenoid revealed positive results in 32 (54%) samples, while 27 (46%) samples were negative results.The suspected isolates were fully identified by using bacteriological, biochemical and Vitek 2 techniques (for two isolates because of those isolates give variable biochemical test results which confused their diagnosis that lead to using of vitek system technique to diagnosis them, these isolates were rare bacteria that infect tonsil and adenoid). The most common types of bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus which accounted for 75 isolates (23.6%), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes 61isolates (19%), Escherichia coli 57 isolates (18%), Klebsiellae pneumoniae 55 isolates (17.3%), Hemophilus influenza 37 isolates (11.6%), Sphingomonas paucimobilis 14 isolates (4.4%), Staphylococcus epidermides 7 isolates (2.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosae 6 isolates (2%), Pseudomonas stutzeri 5 isolates (1.6%), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus only one isolate (0.3%).Regarding the bacterial population, there is a difference between tonsils / adenoid surface and tonsil/ adenoid core culture were the most predominant isolate from tonsil surface was Staphylococcus aureus and K. pneumoniae from tonsillar core, while from adenoid surface was Streptococcus pyogenes whereas E. coli from adenoid core.The ASO titer in patients with or without group A streptococcal infections were determined by using latex agglutination test. The results revealed that 8 samples (14%) exhibited positive results, while 49 samples (86%) exhibited negative results out of 57 samples. The results showed statistically no significant differences between patient age groups but showed highly significant differences between males and females.Eight specimens were taking for histopathological examination randomly, four samples were adenoids and four samples were tonsils. The histopathology examination of tonsil and adenoid showed the presence of lymphoid hyperplasia,multiple lymphoid follicles, vascular congestion, fibrosis, germinal centers, infiltration of inflammatory cells, necrosis and apoptosis of tissues

تقييم المؤشرات السريرية وبعض الدلائل الحيوية في مرض دواعم الاسنان == Evaluation Of Clinical Parameters And Some Biomarkers In Periodontal Disease

Author name: امل عليوي حسن

Supervisor name: سعد مرزة حسين الاعرجي | وسام وهاب الحمادي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Physiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Physiology And Medical Physics

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: امراض دواعم الاسنان هي مجموعة من امراض الالتهابات التي تصيب التجويف الفموي وتعرض الهياكل الداعمة للاسنان للخطر. تحدث هذه الامراض بسبب عدم التوازن بين الجراثيم المحيطة بالاسنان واستجابة المضيف. يعتبر مرض التهاب اللثة ومرض النساغ المزمن هي من الاقسام الرئيس | Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory diseases that affect the oral cavity and jeopardize the supporting structures of teeth. They are caused by an imbalance between periodontal pathogens and host responses. Gingivitis and chronic periodontitis are the major categories of these diseases. The study sample consisted of 80 individual of both genders, their age ranged from 30 to 50 years, and they are divided into three main groups according to the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing index, probing pocket depth index and clinical attachment level index). Group ? comprised from 24 (15 female and 9 male) healthy gingival volunteers as a control, group ?? comprised from of 29 (12 female and 17 male) patients with gingivitis, lastly group ??? comprised from 27 (11 female and 16 male) patients with chronic periodontitis. Unstimulated whole saliva samples are collected to determine the levels of Prostaglandin E2, Matrix Metalloprotinase - 8 and Alkaline Phosphatase. Clinical periodontal parameters are recorded at four sites per tooth. The results of present study revealed a highly significant difference (P - value < 0.01) in the mean ± SD for all of clinical periodontal parameters and for the levels of salivary biomarkers (Prostaglandin E2, Matrix Metalloproteinasee - 8 and Alkaline Phosphatase) among chronic periodontitis, gingivitis and control groups. The chronic periodontitis group revealed the higher mean value followed by the gingivitis group and the control group presented the least value. Regarding the correlation between the salivary biomarkers levels and clinical periodontal parameters, the present study showed a significant positive correlation (P< 0.05) and a highly significant positive correlation (P - value < 0.01) between each of salivary biomarker levels and all of clinical periodontal parameters. In addition, this study showed a highly significant positive correlation (P - value < 0.01) between Prostaglandin E2 and Matrix Metalloproteinasee - 8 and a significant positive correlation (P< 0.05) between Prostaglandin E2 and Alkaline Phosphatase and between Matrix Metalloproteinasee - 8 and Alkaline Phosphatase for gingivitis and chronic periodontitis groups. The present study re - emphasized the importance of whole saliva as sampling method in relations of immunological purposes in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis and proposed that the elevated levels of Prostaglandin E2, Matrix Metalloproteinasee - 8 and Alkaline Phosphatase may be one of the host - response mechanisms connect with the clinical appearances of periodontal diseases. Salivary Prostaglandin E2, Matrix Metalloproteinasee - 8 and Alkaline Phosphatase levels may reflected the severity of disease, thus help in the early detection of the disease.

تاثير احمرار الدم الثانوي الدم على وظيفة بطانة الاوعية الدموية الجهازية في محافظة بابل == Effect Of Secondary Polycythemia On Systemic Endothelial Function In Babylon Province

Author name: احمد محي الدين سهراب

Supervisor name: غافل صيهود حسن الشجيري | عامر صاحب المؤمن

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Physiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Physiology And Medical Physics

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: تغير قطر الشريان العضدي كاستجابة الى الاحتقان , يستعمل بصورة واسعة لتقيم وظيفة بطانة الاوعية الدموية الجهازية بواسطة تسجيل التغير كاستجابة للاحتقان. ضعف او قلة التوسع يلاحظ بصورة واضحة لدى المرضى المصابون باحمرار الدم الثانوي.التوسع المحدث بالمد يقاس كن | Brachial artery diameter variations in response to hyperemia were widely used for the assess endothelial function by recording variations in response to hyperemia. Vasodilation was markedly impaired in polycythemic patients.Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was measured as the percentage increase in brachial artery diameter at diastole after 5 minute of ischemia.Objectives : Material and MethodsThe present study was conducted at Echo - Doppler department in Marjan medical city / Hilla , in cooperation with the department of physiology of College of medicine / University of Babylon, from November 2015 to April 2016. A history, physical examination, blood pressure, and laboratory were performed on all subjects (patients with secondary polycythemia, and control groups). Seventy subjects were included in the present study. Their ages was ranged between 40 - 60 years. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 : Included 30 healthy subjects without polycythemia, all men, their mean age was 47.20 ± 7.3 years and they served as control group.Group 2 : Included 40 patients, all men, with secondary polycythemia, their mean age 46.90 ± 7.3 years.Method : Measurement of flow - mediated and nitroglycerin - induced dilatation of the brachial artery.Measuring blood pressure, auscultatory method.Assessment of BMI.Laboratory analyses : Serum urea test.Serum creatinin test.White blood cells (WBCs) count : Platelets count.Estimation of packed cell volume (PCV %).Red blood cells (RBCs) count. Hb. level test.Cholesterol test.Triglyceride test.Urea test.Creatinine test.Results : The mean flow mediated dilatation (FMD) on two groups was significantly (p value < 0.01) decreased (16%) in patients group (8%) comparison to control group (24%). The mean Hb concentration was significantly (P value < 0.01) increased in patients group compared to control group.The mean packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly (P vale < 0.01) increased in patients group compared to control group.The mean FMD was found to be significantly (16%) decreased in smoker patients group (8%) compared to nonsmoker control group (24 %).The mean red blood cells count was significantly (P value < 0.01) increased in patients group compared to control group.It was found that triglyceride level significantly increased (P value < 0.01) in patients group compared to control group.There was negative correlation between triglyceride and FMD in patients group. Their are No correlation between age and FMD in patients group.The mean serum cholesterol level was not significantly ( p value < 0.07) increased in patients group compared to control group , while serum triglyceride level, serum creatinin, serum urea were significantly ( p value < 0.01) increased respect in patients comparison to control. Mean glucose, Platelets and red blood cells counts were significantly (P value < 0.01) increased in patients group (polycythemic group) respectively compare to control group respectively.Mean body mass index (BMI) and packed cell volume (PCV) were significant (P value < 0.01) increased respectively in patients group compared to control group. Ages of patients group was non - significantly (P value = 0.89) decreased (46.90 ± 7.00 years) in patients group compare to control group.Conclusions : 1 - The mean flow mediated dilatation (FMD) was significantly decreased (16%) in patients group compared to control group. 2 - The mean Hb concentration , mean packed cell volume (PCV) , red blood cells count, platelets , and body mass index count was significantly increased in patients group compared to control group.3 - Polycythemia as with endothelial dysfunctions that may perform in diagnosis of arterial disease. That used to estimate whereas endothelial dysfunctions result from problem in the cardiovascular system with problem in the prothrombin time.4 - Polycythemia can result in raises causes of thrombosis.Through increase platelet dysfunctions, increase ; white blood cell counts, Hb count, homocystein and cholesterol level as with endothelial dysfunctions.

التاثير الموضعي لعلاج الفيناسترايد في علاج مرض الشعرانية مجهولة السبب == The Effect of Topical Finasteride In Treatment of Idiopathic Hirsutism

Author name: يحيى ابراهيم يحيى

Supervisor name: نسرين جلال محمد البياتي | وسام علي امين

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Medicines and Toxins

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: يعرف مصطلح الشعرانية هو الشعر الاكثر خشونة وسمكا في النساء مثل نمط والمواقع في الذكور , الاندروجين المسؤولة عن تغير في الصوت وزيادة في كتلة العضلات في المراة هو هرمون التستوستيرون، وانه المسؤول عن الشعرانية، ونظرا لحدوث درجة عالية من هذا المرض في العراق | The term hirsutism defines as presence of coarser, thicker and terminal hair in women in a male like pattern and locations.The androgen responsible for the change in voice and the increase in muscle mass in women is testosterone, and that responsible for hirsutism and due to the highly incidence of this disease in Iraq so the finasteride cream 1% used and the study was carried out in Collage of Medicine / Babylon University from November 2013 - November 2014 for treatment of fifty five females were enrolled in this study. Their age was between (18 - 55 years) and the mean of their age was 32.26. Those females were chosen from Consulting dermatologist department in Mergan medical city in Babylon in which these females were complained from hirsutism and After preparation Finasteride 1% cream and using it by the patients it was measured TSH,FSH,LH and free Testosterone and the follow up every 15 day and after 3 months (end of study) it was measured the same parameters TSH,FSH,LH and free Testosterone and ferryman gallawy scores the patients had two parts : (Pretreatment) the patients with TSH,FSH,LH and free Testosterone level before treated with finasteride cream. (Post treatment) the patients were taking the Finasteride cream and the TSH,FSH,LH and free Testosterone levels measured after three months of treatment with finasteride cream and also measured the : • Hair color• Hair removal frequency of the patients• Pain severity before and after treatment• F - Gallawy score• Visual analogue scoreand the follow up every 15 day and after 3 months (end of study) it was measured the same parameters Finasteride cream 1% had significant decrease in the serum free testosterone levels with no significant effects on others parameters as TSH and FSH and LH level. From the above results we can conclude the following : Finasteride cream 1% is an effective and harmless treatment in patients whom suffer from idiopathic hirsutism.

التشخيص الجزيئي لتجرثم الدم لدى الاطفال حديثي الولادة بواسطة استخدام تفاعلات البلمرة المتسلسل في مدينة الحلة == Molecular Detection of Neonatal Sepsis By Using PCR In Hilla City

Author name: نور حامد عباس المرزوك

Supervisor name: الهام عباس بنيان الساعدي | ميساء صالح الشكري

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Microbiology

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: في هذه الدراسة, تم جمع 85 عينة دم من 85 مريض مصابين بتسمم الدم (حسب التشخيص السريري الاولي للطبيب), تتراوح اعمارهم بين 1 - 28 يوم من كلا الجنسين (الذكور 53 والاناث 32) للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2014 الى اذار 2015.توضح نتائج هذه الدراسة ان (52,9%) طفلا حديث | Neonatal sepsis can be defined as any systemic bacterial infection confirmed by a positive blood culture in the first month of life. In this study, (85) blood specimens were collected from (85) patients with suspected septicemia, age ranged between 1to 28 days from both sexes (53 males and 32 females) during the period from November 2014 to March 2015.The results of this study revealed that (52.9%) are presented with late onset sepsis (infected during 7 - 28 days of their life), while the rest (47.1%) of the neonates are presented with early onset sepsis (infected during the first seven days of their life). The collected samples were investigated for bacterial isolation. Bacterial culture was positive in (7.06%) patients versus (92.9%) patients revealed a negative bacterial culture. The most common types of bacteria isolated were three isolates of Klebsiella spp. (50.0%), followed by one isolate Staphylococcus aureus (16.67%), one isolate E. coli (16.67%), and one isolate Enterobacter spp. (16.67%).The virulence factors of some bacterial isolates in this study were studied. The capsule was present in all bacteria isolated in this study (100%) except for Enterobacter spp. which did not possess the capsule.Colonization factor antigens were detected in all isolates. It was found that only Klebsiella spp. and E. coli (100%) have the ability to produce CFAI and CFAIII. Whereas Enterobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (100%) have the ability to produce colonization factor antigen I only. The results also showed that all isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. did not produce hemolysin, while all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were able to produce hemolysin.Extracellular protease was also investigated. It was found that (100%) of all bacteria isolated in this study were able to produce extracellular protease.Biofilm formation was investigated in all bacterial species, and the results showed that all isolates of Gram negative bacteria and Gram positive bacteria form a biofilm.The ability of some bacteria to produce bacteriocin was tested and the results showed that E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were able to produce bacteriocin.In - vitro, the susceptibility of bacteria towards some antibiotics included in this study revealed that the amikacin and kanamycin are the most effective antibiotics to different types of pathogenic bacteria. Finally, molecular detection for bacterial sepsis was done by using specific primers (16 sRNA, rpoB and its). It was found that 16 sRNA genes were present in (20%) of samples and rpoB gene present in (18.8%). While its gene used for detection of fungi revealed negative results in all samples.

عزل بكتريا Bacillus cereus من بعض عينات الغذاء == Isolation of Bacillus Cereus From Some Foods Samples

Author name: ضحى عبد الله كاظم الظويهري

Supervisor name: حبيب صاحب نهر

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Microbiology

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: كائن Bacillus cereus موجود في كل مكان وهوممرض منقول بالاغذية والذي يمكن ان يسبب نوعين من امراض الجهاز الهضمي : القيء والاسهال. في هذه الدراسه, تم جمع 140 عينه غذائية شملت (الرز, اغذية الاطفال، الدقيق، منتجات الالبان، اللحوم، الحليب , التوابل) جمعت عشوائيا | Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous organism and a potential foodborne pathogen that can cause two types of gastrointestinal diseases : emesis and diarrhea. In this study, a total of 140 food samples included (rice, infant food, flour, dairy products, meat, milk powder and spices) were collected randomly from restaurants, food stores and various sale points in the local markets of the Hilla province during the period of November 2014 to April 2015 in attempt to isolate of Bacillus cereus from these samples and detection the prevalence of diarrheal (hbl and nhe) and emetic (ces) enterotoxins genes by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All bacterial isolates were identified by cultural, microscopic and biochemical examinations. The results showed that 56 (40%) of samples showed positive growth for Bacillus cereus. The antibiotic sensitivity test of some isolates to 10 antibiotics was studied. It has been found that all B. cereus isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Ampiclox, Cefotaxime, and Cephalexin, while all isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacine and Chloramphenicol, but most of them showed different rate of sensitivity to one or more of antibiotics such as Neomycin 90% and 80% for both Tetracycline and Erythromycin. Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR) was used to detect the ability of bacterial isolates to encode two types of enterotoxin genes, diarrheal and emetic genes. The results showed that 4(7.14 %) of isolates harboured hblA gene, 16 (28.57%) hblC, 5(8.92 %) hblD, 46(82.14%) nheA, 24(42.85%) nhe B, 26 (46.42%) nheC and 3(5.35%) of the isolates harboured Ces gene. On the other hand, through using PCR it was found that nhe gene was present in most isolates, while hbl gene was variable among the studied isolates. Moreover, the Ces gene was found only in isolates being isolated from rice samples, while it was not found in other types of samples.