Author name:
رضا عبد الكريم علي الوائلي
Supervisor name:
ابراهيم كاظم ابراهيم
Abstract:
تشكل مسالة الاصلاح التربوي في النظام التعليمي واحدة من القضايا ذات الاهمية البالغة في مجال الحياة السياسية والاجتماعية للعالم المعاصر. وتحفل اليوم الساحة العالمية بالنشاطات السياسية والمؤتمرات التربوية التي تسعى الى بناء منطق جديد يكفل للتربية المدرسية ا | The educational reform in the educational system is considered one of the most important issues in relation to social and political matters in the contemporary life. There are many political actions and educational conferences all over the world nowadays that aim at building a new logic that ensures educational fede to exceed all the challenges that surround it and enable it to cope with technological advances to develop practical education.The educational system is a good device to renewal, change, reform, development, and coping with modern science and technological changes. This results in the appearance of many new global reforms during the last two decades when many basic changes had taken place including all the educational levels and fields. The present study aims at figuring out the reality of the secondary school educational reform since it is one of the educational systems that stands for a very special educational phase during learners' physical growth, desires, aspirations, and prepare these learners to achieve their society's demands and needs.Study Importance : 1 - Secondary school reform has become a necessity because of the rigidity of its structure, methods, and the learners' performance which directly impact on the school educational message and its role on society. As a result, this leads to reconsider its structure, programs, and how individuals participate and react. 2 - The present study is a basic step to pave the way to research and subsequent studies in reform and development of the secondary school education in Iraq.3 - This study is beneficial for the educating leaders and decision makers and for all who take the responsibility to make the needed reform in the educational process.4 - The topic of this study is new and has never been studied by other researchers before in particular in the secondary school teaching level as the researcher assumes. The goal of the present study is to figure out the reality of the administration reform in the secondary school education in Iraq. The current study is limited to fetch facts from the general managers of the directory of education, supervisors , specialists, and secondary school principals in the following governorates ( Baghdad, Wassit, Missan) during the educational year 2013 - 2014. In the theoretical section ,the current study examined some topics related to ( reform administration, reform concept, secondary school reform entrances, the effective criteria for the educational reform, reform basics in secondary school education, reform demands in secondary school education, and the secondary school education). The research displayed number of studies that dealt with the same topic of the current study, and they were six Iraqi, Arabic, and foreign studies.The researcher adopts the descriptive method in his study and identifies the research community which is formed of (1070)individuals.The research sample has been chosen randomly with a percentage of 40%form the research community. The number of the individuals in the sample is (428), four general managers, two hundred and twenty nine supervisors, and one hundred and ninety five school principals.The research tool is a sort of a survey formed of eight fields ( secondary school education philosophy, secondary school education goals, the curriculum, the teacher, the student, school managers, school building, and supervision). The research tool is credible and consistent. It includes one hundred and twelve parts fairly distributed on the research sample. The statistical devices used in this study are : ( the potential medium, the centennial average, Berson Correlation Equation, and Alphakronbakh equation).This study sums up the conclusion in the following points : 1 - Secondary school building is placed as number one with a potential medium of (2.08) and a centennial average of (68.55). This leads to a new factor that the secondary school building is too old and reduced number of classrooms that do not match the number of the students. And this results in overcrowding the students in one class. This teaching - learning environment is also lacks resources and furniture.2 - The secondary school curriculum comes in the second rank with a potential medium of (2.04), a centennial average of (68.3). This study comes up with a fact that the secondary school curriculum focus on the theoretical side of the material more than the practical one and they do not cope with the scientific and technological progress.3 - Secondary school supervision comes in the third rank with a potential medium of (2.04) , a centennial average of (68.2) and this reflects one fact that there is weakness in the relationship between the school supervision and the educational system.4 - The teacher is in the fourth rank with a potential medium of (1.99), and a centennial average of (66.59). This also indicates one fact the teacher of secondary school lacks effective development programs which helps him to improve the educational process.5 - The aims of the secondary school education comes in the fifth rank with a potential medium of (1.98), and a centennial average of (66.33). This result indicates that the secondary school and the educational administration set good clear goals for the educational process but it does not adopt the updating and development process for these aims.6 - The secondary school education philosophy is in the sixth rank with a potential medium of ( 1.97), and a centennial average of (66.21) and this indicates that there is no understanding for the secondary school educational reform.7 - Secondary school administration is in the seventh rank before the last one with a potential medium of (1.79), and a centennial average of ( 65.91). This result indicates that school administration has no clear vision about school change and reform because of the central decision - making process and the school administration does not participate in the development and reform process.8 - Finally is the student in the eight rank with a potential medium of (1.92), and a centennial average of (64.16). This indicates the weakness of the students achievement.In the light of the research results there are points to be taken into consideration : 1 - Secondary school education suffers from weaknesses in aims and philosophy.2 - There is no clear future vision for the secondary school educational reform and development.3 - There is weakness in the connections between the educational policy and the development and reform in the educational process and individuals.4 - The secondary school administration is not given the right opportunity to participate in the updating and reforming curriculum process.5 - There is a complicated routine in addressing between schools and educational directorates which results negatively on performing suggested plans and projects for the reform.6 - Most of the supervisors adopt the classroom - visit method which results negatively on the relationship between the supervisors and the teachers.7 - The students lack the proper social and psychological guidance inside their schools to help them cope with their environment.8 - School administration lacks modern concepts in running its school. These modern concepts might help in transferring the educational institutions from their traditional performance to a more creative one. 9 - Shortage in school buildings and reduced laboratory tools and resources. There is also shortage in furniture in addition to neglected school yards and gardens. 10 - There is no clear policy adopted by the decision makers to develop the educational curriculum.11 - Lack of the modern methods in teaching which results in creating a boring environment for the students.12 - Adopt central decisions by the ministry of education and never gives the other directorate establishments the right to control and run their business. Recommendations : 1 - Reconsider secondary school education basics make the necessary reform process that ensures a better educational system.2 - Develop the criteria of electing secondary school principals and choose those who are capable of reform and change and those who have creative leading personality to lead secondary schools.3 - Create new school buildings which provide modern communication tools and electronic libraries for the students.Suggestions : 1 - Do a certain study about the basics of making world educational reform.2 - Do a specific study about the reform obstacles in the secondary school education.
