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تحليل نتائج وخز الرئة القطعي لاربعين مريض في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي == Analysis of Tru - Cut Biopsy Findings In Forty Patients with PERIPHERAL Lung Lesions in Baghdad Teaching Hospital

Author name: احسان سلمان

Supervisor name: مصطفى نعمة عبد علي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Diseases - Thoracic

Degree: Higher Diploma

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: وخزة الرئة التحت الجلدية هي من اكثر الطرق شيوعا في الوقت الحالي معها العديد من الطرق المستخدمة في امراض الجهاز التنفسي .واحده من اهم الطرق هي طريقة الوخز القطعي بمساعدة المفراس الحلزوني .اهداف دراسة البحثلاجل تحليل النتائج من جراء عملية الوخز القطعي في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي لسنة 2015 - 2016.الطرق والمرضىاجريت دراسة مرجعه عن هذه الطريقة ووجدت كثير من النتائج ما يخص الديموغرافية والدلائل الاشعاعية والتشخيص والمضاعفات الناتجة من المرضى الذين اجروا هذه العملية الوخز القطعي تحت السيطرة للمفراس الحلزوني .النتائجاربعون مريض كانوا تحت الدراسة الخاصة للبحث ثلاثون مريض كانوراجال وعشر مرضى نساء .اعمار المرضى تتراوح ما بين 18 - 80 ومعدل العمر للمرضى هو 14.1 سنه . ±58.6 21 مريض من الرجال حاليا مدخنين و6 غير مدخنين و3 مدخنين سابقين بينما من النساء كانوا 3 مدخنين حاليا و5 غير مدخنين و2 مدخنين سابقات .اكثر الاعراض شيوعا بين المرضى في البحث هي ضيق التنفس والسعال ونفث الدم وقلة وزن الجسم.اكثر الدراسات الهستوبايولوجي للمرضى الذين اجروا هذه العملية كانت مسرطنه بنسبة 70% ,شامل بنسبة 12.5%, حميد بنسبة 7.5 % , ذات الرئة بنسبة 7.5%, تحليل غير كافي بنسبة 2.5%.من اكثر المضاعفات شيوعا بين المرضى كانت الاسترواح الصدري ونفث الدم.الاستنتاجعملية الوخز القطعي مع مساعدة المفراس الحلزوني يعتبر من اكثر العمليات الكفؤة في الكشف عن الاوليات والاسباب التي تخص امراض الرئة المحيطية. | Percutaneous lung biopsy is now a common procedure in pulmonary medicine, and several different techniques are in use. The most important one is the use of a tru - cut biopsy under computed tomography (CT) guidance.Aim of Study : To analyze the outcome of tru - cut biopsy in patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions in Baghdad teaching hospital 2016.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional study was done to find out the demographic profiles, indications, radiological findings, diagnosis and complications of the patients who were underwent tru - cut biopsy under CT guided. Forty patients underwent tru - cut biopsy under CT guided in Baghdad teaching hospital( 2015 - 2016).Results : Forty patients were included in our study.Thirty patients (75%) were males, 10 patients (25%) were females. The patients age range from 18 to 80 years, the mean age of the patients was 58.6±14.1 years. In males, 21 patients were current smokers, 6 patients were non smokers and 3 patients ex smokers. In females, 3 patients were current smokers, 5 patients were non smokers and 2 patients were ex smokers. Most common clinical presentation of the patients was chest pain (30%), dyspnea (17.5%), cough (15%), hemoptysis (7.5%), and weight loss (12.5%). The commonest histopathological result of the lesions was malignancy (70%), inconclusive (12.5%), benign (7.5%), organizing pneumonia (7.5%) and inadequate sample (2.5%). The most common complication was pneumothorax (10%) and haemoptysis (5%).Conclusion : Tru - cut biopsy under CT guided is extremely useful in finding specific etiologies of peripheral lung lesions

تاثير التجميد بالتزجيج وطرق الاذابة المختلفة على حيوية وسلامة الحامض النووي للنطف == The Effect Of Laser Thawing After Vitrification On Sperm Motility And DNA Integrity

Author name: شذى صادق المراياتي

Supervisor name: غسان ثابت سعيد

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Physiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: ان التجميد بطريقة التزجيج تعتبر من طرق تجميد النطف البشرية وتعتمد على التجميد السريع للماء الى الحالة الزجاجية من خلال زيادة اللزوجة بدون تكوين بلورات داخلية (داخل الخلية). ان التجميد من الممكن ان يؤدي الى تاثيرات ضارة على تركيب ووظيفة النطف البشرية وان الاضرار الناتجة من التجميد من الممكن ان تؤثر على تركيب وسلامة الغشاء البلازمي. وان هذه الاضرار لا تقتصر على اضرار التجميد فقط بل تشمل ايضا على الاضرار الناتجة من عملية الاذابة بسبب اذابة او تبلور الثلج الناتج من التجميد. ان هذه العمليات ( التجميد والاذابة) من الممكن ان تؤثر سلامة الاحماض النووية وكذلك من الممكن ان تؤدي الى تغييرات في نواة النطف البشرية . ان التجميد قد يؤدي الى اجهاد تاكسدي للنطف البشرية كنتيجة الى انحلال الدهون التاكسدي وتقليل الية الدفاعية بواسطة الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة. خلال عملية التجميد الخلايا والانسجة تخضع الى تغييرات كيميائية وفيزيائية . ان تاثير الليزر ومن خلال التحفيز الضوئي من الممكن ان يقاوم الاضرار الناتجة من التجميد للنطف البشرية وهذا من الممكن ان يؤدي الى تحسين نوعية النطف المجمدة وزيادة قابيلتها على الخصوبة. الهدف : دراسة تاثير الليزر كطريقة لاذابة النطف البشرية المجمدة وتاثيرها على سلامة الاحماض النووية والحركة مقابل الاذابة بدرجة حرارة الغرفة او عن طريق الحمام المائي. الموضوع والطرق : دراسة اجريت على 70 نموذج من النطف البشرية. كل نموذج قسم الى قسمين , قسم قد تم تحضيره بتقنية السباحة الى فوق والقسم الثاني بدون تحضير , وكل قسم قد قسم الى ثلاثة, جمدت, وتم اذابة كل جزء من النماذج بالليزر اوبدرجة حرارة الغرفة او بالحمام المائي بدرجة 37 درجة مئوية . تم دراسة سلامة الاحماض النووية وحركة النطف قبل وبعد التجميد , وكذلك قبل وبعد التحضير بتقنية السباحة الى فوق بطريقة الاكردين اونج (AOT) الحصول بالاعتماد على قياس المذنب (comet).النتائج : اظهرت النتائج ان الاذابة عن طريق الليزر لها تاثير معنوي (P<0.05 ) في تقليل تحطيم الاحماض النووية مع زيادة في الحركة الفعالة للنطف عند المقارنة مع الاذابة بدرجة حرارة الغرفة او بالحمام المائي.الاستنتاج : استنتجت هذه الدراسة ان تجميد الحيامن له اثار مؤذية تؤثر على سلامة الاحماض االنووية وحركة النطف البشرية. ان الاذابة بالليزر تحافظ على سلامة الاحماض النووية والحركة النشطة للنطف وان تقنية السباحة الى فوق كذلك تؤدي الى تنشيط النطف وتقليل تحطم الاحماض النووية. | Vitrification is a method of sperm freezing based on the rapid cooling of water to a glassy state through extreme elevation of viscosity without intracellular ice crystallization. Cryopreservation may lead to deleterious changes of sperm structure and function. Cryoinjury is not limited to the freezing process but may also occur during the thawing process as the ice melts or recrystallizes. It have been reported that cryopreservation/thawing significantly lead to alterations of sperm DNA integrity and could alter the quality of the spermatozoon’s nucleus. Cryopreservation induces oxidative stress in the spermatozoa due to increasing rate of lipid peroxidation and suppression of the antioxidant enzyme defense mechanism. These effects of cryopreservation lead to spermatozoa damage including nucleic acids. Subjects and methods : This prospective study carried on 70 cryopreserved semen samples. Each sample wasdivided into two parts, one part is unprepared and other part was prepared by swim - up technique and each part is divided into 3 parts, freezed and thawed by three methods of thawing by laser irradiation till melting for one part, and by room temperature and water bath at 37°C for the other two parts. The semen parameters were assessed by microscopical examination and the DNA integrity assessed by acridine orange test and comet assay before vitrification and after the three methods of thawing as well as before and after preparation. Result : The results of cryopreserved semen samples showed that laser irradiation thawing has a significant increase in sperm motility as well as a significant decreased DNA fragmentation (P < 0.05) versus room temperature and water bath thawing in addition sperm preparation by swim up method also lead to improve sperm motility and DNA integrity (P < 0.05).Conclusions : Vitrification has a deleterious effect on sperm DNA integrity and motility. Laser irradiation thawing methods of post freezing sperm improves post - thaw motility and DNA integrity. Sperm preparation by swim up technique for sperm preparation increasing motility and decrease DNA damage after thawing . The results of the acridine orange test and comet assay gave relatively similar predictive values for DNA fragmentation.

Author name: رنا علاء الدين حسين

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Diagnostic Radiology

Degree: Higher Diploma

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Diagnostic Scans

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: تحليل مشاهدات الرينن المغناطيسي للغدة النخامية لدى المرضى المصابين بفرط هرمون الحليب (البرولاكتين)في الدم وايجاد توجيها ت عمل للحدود الدنيا لنسبة هرمون الحليب في الدم والتي على ضوئها تكون صورة الرنين المغناطيسي للغدة النخامية مطلوبة 0اساليب الدراسة قمنا بدراسة وصفية استطلاعية شملت ستون مريضا يعانون من فرط البرولاكتين وقمنا باخذ صورة الرنين المغناطيسي للغدة النخامية لهم للفترة من الاول من كانون الثاني ولغاية الثلاثون من شهر اب للعام 2015.النتائجتم فحص ستون مريضا, منهم ثمانية وعشرون اي مايعادل نسبة (46.7%) كان تصويرالرنين المغناطيسي طبيعيا للغدة النخامية, وخمسة عشراي مايعادل نسبة (25%)مر يض لديهم ورم غدة نخامية مايكروي و3منهم ورم غدة نخامية ماكروي. بالاضافة الى تسعة منهم كان لديهم تضخم الغدة النخامية بدون وجود لاي ورم.وقد وجدنا ان قطع القيمة الامثل المصاحب لورم الغدة النخامية (ميكروي /ماكروي )لهرمون الحليب هو (102.5)نانو غرام / ملليتر بمستوى حساسية (77.8%) ومستوى نوعية (95.2%).الاستنتاجاتكان هناك صلة ذات اهمية احصائية بين المرضى الذين يعانون من فرط هرمون الحليب وصورة الرنين المغناطيسي .هذا يدعو الى اجراء صورة الرنين المغناطيسي لجميع الحالات المصابة بفرط برولاكتين الدم عندما تكون نسبة الهورمون مساوية او اكثر من (102.5.نانوغم/مل)بعد استثناء اي سبب ثانوي ممكن يؤدي الى ارتفاع هرمون الحليب. | To analysis the MRI findings of pituitary gland in patients with hyperprolactinemia and establish guidelines for a minimal serum prolactin level for which pituitary MRI imaging is indicated .Methods : A descriptive study was conducted at of a AL - Shaheed Ghazi Hospital and Radiology Institute from 1st of January 30 of August 2015. Sixty patients with hyperprolactinemia underwent magnetic resonance imaging of brain for pituitary gland .Results : The result were based on the analysis of pituitary MRI findings for 60 patients , almost half of the sample were diagnosed as normal 28 (46.7%) ,18 (30%) as pituitary adenoma with macro adenoma being the smallest part 3(5% only).Pituitary hyperplasia account 9(15%) and empty sella 5(8.3%).there was significant statistically association between serum PRL and pituitary adenoma .The optimum cut - off value for serum PRL for any positive pituitary findings (adenoma , hyperplasia and empty sella) was 55.1ng/mL. While the optimum cut - off value of serum PRL for pituitary adenoma (micro/macro) was 102.5 ng/mL.Conclusion : MRI of the pituitary gland was significantly associated with serum PRL levels in patients with hyperprolactinemia .The optimum cut - off value of serum prolactin to predict pituitary adenoma (micro/macro) was 102.5 ng/mL. Therefore pituitary imaging should be obtained for all patients with serum PRL ( equal or higher than this value)after exclusion of any secondary causes of hyperprolactinemia.

تاثيرات عقاري المتفورمين والاناستروزول على شكل ووظيفة المبيض في بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض في الجرذان : دراسة شكلية قياسية، نسيجية، وكيميانسيجية == The Effects of Metformin and Anastrozole on the Morphology and Function of the Ovary in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rat Model, Morphometrical, Histological, and Immunoistochemical Study

Author name: علي محسن عبد الامير

Supervisor name: معن حمد الخالصي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Anatomy and Histology and Embryos

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

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الخصائص الوبائيه للحروق في مستشفى بغداد للحروق, بغداد, العراق 2015 == Epidemiological Characteristics of BurnInjuries in Baghdad Burn Hospital,Baghdad, Iraq, 2015

Author name: رنا خالد الناصر

Supervisor name: فارس حسن اللامي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology

Degree: Higher Diploma

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

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Author name: حسنين عبد الجبار العبيدي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Anatomy and Histology and Embryos

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: In spite of its various anatomical, functional, and phylogenetic divisions, the rat cerebellum remains constant throughout, in its cellular and laminar organization. The question remains whether the microvascular supply of the cerebellum is quantitatively homogenous or not.This study aims to investigate quantitatively whether the homogeneity in cerebellar cellular architecture is reflected on the functional vascular bed in different regions of the cerebellum and to provide reliable morphometric parameters that can be used for comparative purposes with other regions in the central nervous system.A sample of 20 adult male albino rats was used. Fresh frozen 20 μm thick sections in the sagittal plane were stained for microvascular alkaline phosphatase. Image analysis software (Global Lab Image), was used to measure circumscribed areas for the length and number density of their contained alkaline phosphatase positive microvascular profiles. Microvascular densities in the cortical layers of the cerebellum as a whole was (76.72±30.59 count/mm2) and (231.45±82.14 mm/mm3). There was a higher microvascular density in the granular layer in comparison to the molecular layer. This was significantly higher than the densities of the white matter core excluding the deep cerebellar nuclei. The densities in the deep cerebellar nuclei were (122.86±20.38 count/mm2) and (328.22±33.45 mm/mm3). Length density did not show obvious heterogeneity in the cortical layers between different divisions of the cerebellum. Number density was significantly higher within the cortical layers of the hemisphere when compared to the vermis. A comprehensive guide for identifying rat cerebellar regions was put foreword. This guide can be useful for identifying rat cerebellum sagittal sections regardless of the level of the section or the staining method used without the need to follow an entire series of sections.The differences in microvascularity on the laminar level was correlated with the functional necessity of neurons and synapses. Neurovascular coupling appeared in its best manifestation in the deep cerebellar nuclei where it was clear that dense microvascularity was concomitant with a densely synaptic and neuron - poor region.The cerebellar cortex as a whole, was homogenous in its microvascular length density in whichever division, anatomical, functional or phylogenetic.The predilection towards heterogeneity between vermian and hemispheric cortices as far as number density is concerned can be attributed to the complexity of branching for a given length of vessels.A combination of two morphometric parameters (microvascular length and number density) is a reasonable choice to explore the microvascular network in terms of functional needs and spatial composition.

تقيم الوضع التغذوي بين الاطفال المصابين باعتلال طيف التوحد == Nutritional Status Assessment among Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder Al - Najaf 2015

Author name: سرى حسن الحارس

Supervisor name: علياء مكي حسن الصافي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology

Degree: Higher Diploma

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: Background : Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder with symptoms arising that are apparent throughout the patient’s lifespan. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is characterized by impaired social and communication interactions as well as restricted, repetitive interests and behavior. . Epidemiological studies show that the incidence of autism is increasing, which may be due to the diagnostic category of ASD having been developed. There is vital importance in the treatment of autism, is early diagnosis which is conducive to more rapidly improving the quality of patients’ health.Aim of Study : To determine the nutritional status of ASD children in Al - Najaf province 2015 Methods : A descriptive cross - sectional study conducted to assess nutritional status in children with autism. A convenient sample of patients with autism in (Al Imam Al Husain Institute of Autism) and autistic patients in psychiatric department in AL - Hakeem hospital from 30th of April 30th of August 2015.The data were collected by questionnaire developed and filled by investigator through direct interview with autistic patient parents that visit psychiatric department in Al - Hakeem hospital and from case study sheet that present in AL - Imam Al Husain Institute of Autism which include ID, gender , residency, age of child (or date of birth??), the age level of education of parents, their occupation, and by measuring weight and height of children and compare with wt./age, wt/ht, ht/age & BMI/age growth charts .Epi - info software and Excel sheet for entry and analysis of data .Results : the sample size was 98 child, 86 boys and 12 girls & males to females ratio was 8 : 1, age groups were (28%) ≤ 5 yr ,(72%) more than 5 year in which (52%) of them were normal, (33.9%) were overweight and (14%) were underweight, (28%) of the ≤5yr. were (45%) of them were overweight (37%) of them had wasting,& (16%) were normal, no significant association between the nutritional state with gender, residency, age of father, age of mother, occupation of father, occupation of mother, educational level of fathers and but there were significant association between level of education of mother and age group. p value 0.03 .and between age group of children and NS p value less than 0.0000 (less than 0.05).Conclusion : most cases below and equal 5 yr were overweight& obese 45% and large percent of above 5years 33% were overweight & obese, there is significant associations between nutritional status and level of education on ofmothers for children >5 years and NS .

Author name: حسين محمود كاظم

Supervisor name: جواد كاظم الديوان

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Applied Epidemiology

Degree: Higher Diploma

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

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