البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

نتائج البحث: 75 من أصل 5,280

الادراك الامريكي للعلاقات الاقتصادية مع دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي في ظل المتغيرات الاقليمية والدولية THE AMERICAN PERCEPTION TO THE ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH COUNCIL CO - OPERATION GULF COUNTRIES UNDER AND INTERNATIONAL THE REGIONAL VARIABLES

اسم المؤلف: عبد الصمد سعدون عبد الله الشمري

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم السياسة الدولية

اسم المشرف: فكرت نامق عبد الفتاح العاني عماد عبد اللطيف السامرائي

الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية

الموضوع الدقيق: العلاقات الدولية والسياسة الخارجية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

المستخلص: The American Perception of the economic relations with the Arab Gulf Coopration Countries is at the essence of the American strategic thought, expressed as strategies and objectives towards the Arab Gulf area as a whole. Such relations, in turn, represent the American superior in such territory of the World. Further, various tools and justifications involved in these relations have been distinguished by security cover with in a wide American security strategy in the Arab Gulf from the mid - 1970 an beginning of the 1980. This issue was clearly stated in the political sequent speeches of the U.S Presidents at such period The present study aims to analyze, according to the systematic approach the structure of the aspects of the behavioral and dynamic variable of both the Gulf and American societies, as well. Some of such variables conduct as motivating and some are for the American realization towards these relations. Hence, to reach the implied concept for such realization. On the other hand , present study includes also aspects of the regional and international variables tackled in the Arab Gulf area which, these variables, are considered to be external impacts, pratising directly or in directly to fix the above realization inconformity with the American objectives or aims achieving the Imperial project in the middle east, taking the Arabian Gulf as a launching point. This is due to the fact that the Arabian Gulf is the wealthiest area in the world in the new millennium. For the above reasons, the U.S have under taken New inter national system formation from the beginning of the 1990s in line with the fall the Russian union in the end of the 1991.The New Inter national system is the neo - Liberal substitution to support the American trends in such anew project, enhanced by firstly the superior military technical of the U.S in the world, and secondly by guan teed all the political and economic efforts of both the U.S western and Gulf a llies for accomplishing the American aims and plans in this area of the world. From the events of September /2001 and beyond, the American imperial ambitions in the A rabian Gulf area have become more recognized, yet such period has correlated with has become to known as concept of terrorism which has been set according to the American view. Consequently, the U.S has guided the so called A nti - terrorism War,starting from A fghanston, along With the occupation of Iraq in 2oo3. In such war, the U.S has utilized the military power as the sole an ideal means to achieve the objectives set behand such a strategy for rest,ucturing the middle east in conformity with the American model . This new coure of the conducted by the U.S is an indication that it has become , the first super power which has become, in turn ,the leader of the world with in the New International system. But in contract ,violence and op - violence will be the main feature and the ongoing thretening of the furtural scane fasing the American project in the Arabian Gulf . Hence, the U.S has no more need for an international legislation for implementing its plans in such an area, since it relies highly on the American legislation to establish the economic realization on reality.

الصفحات الاولى:

اسم المؤلف: الاء جواد كاظم الكدساوي

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات - قسم الفيزياء

اسم المشرف: ندى خضير عباس مجيد علي حبيب

الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء

الموضوع الدقيق: فيزياء الحالة الصلبة والمواد

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: الانكليزية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير اعادة الاعتيان والتكميم على ضغط البيانات الصوتية الرقمية Effect of Resampling and Requantization on the Compression of Digital Audio Data

اسم المؤلف: شيرين عبد القادر مهدي السامرائي

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الفيزياء

اسم المشرف: لؤي ادور جورج ليث عبد العزيز العاني

الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء

الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: الانكليزية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

المستخلص: ان دراسة اعادة الاعتيان والتكميم للبيانات الصوتية الرقمية تعتبر من المواضيع المهمة حيث تستخدم لاغراض ضغط البيانات.في هذا البحث تم دراسة بعض طرق اعادة الاعتيان بواسطة تقليل عدد العينات مع الحفاظ على نوعية الصوت. ومن هذه الطرق المدروسة : Linear, Lagrange , Cubic Spline , quadratic, and Bezier’’وتم بحث معدل تقليل العينات بواسطة حذف جزء كبير من العينات ومن ثم اعادة العينات التي تم حذفها بواسطة طرق الاستكمال التي تم الاشارة اليها وتم تحديد درجة كفاءة كل طريقة من الطرق المدروسة باستخدام مقاييس معيارية منها نسبة تقييس الاشارة العظمى الى الضوضاء (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)واثبتت طرق النتائج . كذلك تم في هذا البحث دراسة اعادة التكميم بواسطة الطريقة المتجانسة وغير المتجانسة وتم دراسة مراحل التكميم لكل طريقة مع الحفاظ على نوعية الصوت وكانت نتائج التكميم للطريقة المتجانسة افضل من الطريقة الغير متجانسة.بالاضافة الى ذلك فقد تم اختبار النتائج سمعيا وكانت عينة المستمعين من خلفيات مختلفة وتم استنتاج انه كلمزااد معدل تقليل البيانات ومراحل التكميم سوف تقل نوعية الصوت. | The study of the resampling and requantization methods of digital audio data is one of the major assets project. Which these methods used to compression the audio data. In this search the application of some resampling methods on the audio signal was investigated by reducing the number of samples while the audio quality is maintained. The considered resampling methods are the Linear, Quadratic, Cubic spline, Lagrange and Bezierand for each method the level of sampling reduction was investigated by applying the down sampling rate using and then up sampling using the above mentioned interpolation method. The efficiency of each method under consideration will be determined with the aid of quality criteria like peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The Lagrange, Cubic spline, and Beizer interpolation methods provided have the same results and good quality. Also in this search the results of applying the uniform and non - uniform quantization methods are presented the effect of the quantization steps on the audio quality investigated. The results proved the uniform quantization method is better than non - uniform quantization method.A listening test was used to prove the efficiency of each method, the test sample has different backgrounds and they prove when the decimation rate and the step of quantization increase the audio quality will be decrease

الصفحات الاولى:

ضغط الصوت باستخدام الكسوريات Fractal Audio Compression

اسم المؤلف: وسام فوزي جاسم محمد

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الفيزياء

اسم المشرف: لؤي ادور جورج ليث عبد العزيز العاني

الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء

الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: الانكليزية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

المستخلص: لقد استحدثت طرق ضغط عديدة باستخدام تقنيات مختلفة الغرض منها تحقيق نسب ضغط عالية مع المحافظة على جودة الصوت المضغوط, مع الاخذ بنظر الاعتبار انجاز الضغط باقل وقت ممكن.طريقة الضغط الكسوري هي احدى هذه الطرق التي يرافقها ضياع بالبيانات وتعتبر من طرق الضغط الحديثة وتعتمد على عملية ايجاد مجاميع محددة وصغيرة من المعادلات الرياضية التي تصف الاشارة . بارسال معاملات هذه المعادلات الى محلل الشفرة يمكن اعادة تشكيل الاشارة الاصلية.بايجاز ضغط الصوت الكسوري يعتمد على مبدا نظام التكرار المجزئPIFS) ). ضغط الصوت الكسوري يستغل ال(Affine redundancy) والتي تتواجد في الصوت, هذه ال (redundancy) ترتبط بالتشابه الذاتي للصوت.بكلمة اخرى ضغط الصوت الكسوري يقوم بايجادالا نماط المتشابهة والتي تتواجد بقياسات مختلفة(different scales) واماكن مختلفة(different places) في الصوت, وبعد ذللك يقوم بحذف اكثر ما يمكن من ال(redundancy).هذا البحث يهدف الى محاولة التحقق من امكانية تطبيق الضغط الكسوري في عملية ضغط الصوت. النظام المعتمد يتكون من مرحلتين : المرحلة الاولى مرحلة التشفير(Encoding Unit) والثانية مرحلة فك التشفير ) .(Decoding Unitفي مرحلة التشفير يجزا الصوت الاصلي الى نوعين من الكتل, كتل تدعى كتل المجال المقابل ((Range Pool وهي كتل غير متداخلة, وكتل تدعى كتل المجال (Domain Pool) والتي من الممكن ان تكون متداخلة. ومن ثم يتم تقطيع الصوت باستخدام طريقة التقطيع المتساوي للكتل الى كتل متساوية الحجم. بعد ذلك يتم ايجاد افضل كتل في المجال لكل كتلة في المجال المقابل وذلك بتطبيق احد انواع التحويلات وتدعى((Affine Transformation .تنتهي مرحلة التشفير بخزن تفاصيل (معاملات )هذه التحويلات لكل كتلة من كتل المجال المقابل .ان عملية ايجاد الكتل المتشابهة تتطلب عمليات حسابية معقدة تستغرق وقت طويل وهذا ما يؤخذ على طريقة الضغط الكسوري كنقطة ضعف.ان البرامجيات التي تم بناؤها لهذا الغرض تم اختبارها باستخدام خمسة نماذج لبيانات صوتية. لقد تم تنفيذ النظام المعتمد باستخدام فيجوال بيسك6.0 كلغة برمجة, تم استخدام معدل الخطا التربيعي((MSE ونسبة الاشارة الى التشويش((PSNR كمعاملات حساب دقة النتائج المستخلصة من التقنية الكلية في النظام المعتمد.و كانت بعض النتائج المستخلصة من البحث هي بالنسبة للعينة الاولى في حالة حجم الكتلة تساوي (60 ) فان نسبة الضغط (15.51 : 1), اما العينة الثانية في حالة حجم الكتلة تساوي (40) فان نسبة الضغط (11.51 : 1), وفي حالة حجم كتلة صغيرة كما في العينة الثالثة والتي تساوي (20) فان قيمة ال(PSNR) جيدة وتساوي (35.76 dB), وكذالك للعينة الاولى في حالة حجم الكتلة تساوي (10) فان قيمة ال(PSNR) تساوي (45.63 dB). | Fractal audio compression is based on the concept of a partitioned iterated function system (PIFS). Fractal audio compression exploits the affine redundancy that is commonly present in audio; this redundancy is related to the similarity of an audio with itself. In other words, fractal audio compression finds similar patterns that exist in different scales and different places in audio, and then eliminates as much redundancy as possible. In this work the possibility of implementing fractal audio compression is investigated. The implemented system consists of two major units; the first is the Encoding unit and the second is the Decoding unit. Encoding is done by partitioning the range pool (which is the original audio) into non - overlapping blocks, called range blocks, and partitioning the domain pool (which is the result of the original audio after down sampling) into overlapped blocks with the same size of range blocks called domain blocks. A fixed size - partitioning scheme is used to partition the domain pool and the range pool. After generating the range and domain pools, for every range block, the best - matching domain block in the domain pool is searched for by performing a set of affine transformations on them. Thus the encoding is completed by saving the optimal affine parameters for every range block. The Decoding process can be done by repeatedly applying the affine transformation on an initially blank audio and its subsequent reconstructed audio, until it completely reconstruct an approximate wave to the original audio. The time required to compress an audio file is affected by the size of each block being extracted from the proceed audio file; this means smaller block size implies longer time required to compress the corresponding audio file.The implemented system was tested using five wave samples of data. The proposed work was implemented by using Visual Basic (6.0) as a programming language, the fidelity measure MSE and PSNR were used to check the results of the whole implemented technique. The best results obtained from the implemented system were for the test (sample - 1) in case were block size equal to (60) the compression ratio is (15.51 : 1), also for test (sample - 2) were block size equal to (40) the compression ratio is (11.03 : 1), and for small block size as in test (sample - 3) were the block size is (20) the value of the PSNR is good that its equal to (35.76 dB), also for test sample - 1 when the block size is (10) the PSNR value (45.63 dB).

الصفحات الاولى:

معالجة رياضية لدراسة تغير التركيب المسامي مع ظروف التشكيل للمواد المسامية Mathematical Manipulation to Study the Changes of Porous Structure with the Formation Conditions of Porous Materials

اسم المؤلف: سديم عباس فاضل القصاب

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الفيزياء

الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء

الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: الانكليزية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

المستخلص: تم تطوير نموذج مجسم يصف عملية االتكثيف خلال عملية الحرق الزجاجي (التزجيج) لمادة تحتوي على محتويات صلبة. هذا النموذج تم تطويرة من نموذج سابق للباحث Scherer والذي وضع نموذج يصف عملية التكثيف خلال عملية الحرق لمادة لا تحتوي على محتويات صلبة.النموذج المطور استخدم لمحاكاة معدل التكثيف خلال عملية الحرق لمواد سيراميكية غير متجانسة تتكون من خليط من بعض الاطيان العراقية والتي تم تحضيرها من بحث سابق. النموذج المطور تم استخدامة لدراسة تاثير عدة عوامل على عملية التكثيف خلال عملية الحرق وهي درجة حرارة الحرق، زمن الحرق والنسبة بين حجم المواد الصلبة الى حجم السائل الزجاجي، كما استخدم النموذج المطور في تقدير قيم اللزوجة الفعالة للسائل الزجاجي المتكون خلال عملية الحرق. كذلك تم تطبيق نموذجان اخران للمواد غير المتجانسة هما نموذج الكرة المركبة ونموذج المكون الذاتي وجرى استخدامهما لدراسة تاثير درجة حرارة الحرق وزمن الحرق على عملية االتكثيف لغرض مقارنة النتائج من هذين النموذجين مع نتائج النموذج المطور. كذلك تم استخدام النموذج المطور لدراسة تاثيرتوزيع حجوم المسامات على عملية التكثيف وذلك بفرض توزيع كاوس لحجوم المسامات واعادة صياغة المعادلات للموديل المطور لجعلها تعتمد على الانحراف المعياري لتوزيع حجوم المسامات. العوامل الفيزيائية مثل اللزوجة تم حسابها من خلال عملية المطابقة (fitting ( للنتائج العملية لعملية الحرق للنماذج. تم تصميم برامج حاسوبية بلغة ( (FORTRAN 90لدراسة تاثير درجة حرارة الحرق على عملية االتكثيف باستخدام النموذج المطور، نموذج الكرة المركبة ونموذج المكون الذاتي. هذة البرامج تم تحويرها فيما بعد لمحاكاة عملية االتكثيف كدالة لزمن الحرق. كذلك برنامج اخر تم تصميمة لدراسة تاثيرتوزيع حجوم المسامات على عملية التكثيف خلال عملية الحرق باستخدام النموذج المطور. النتائج من برنامج الموديل المطور تحقق افضل مقاربة للنتائج العملية تليها النتائج من برنامج موديل الكرة المركبة. النتائج من برنامج تاثيردرجة حرارة الحرق تشير عموما" الى زيادة معدل االتكثيف مع زيادة درجة حرارة الحرق، رغم ذلك، عندما تكون نسبة المواد الصلبة عالية نسبيا" فاءن اللزوجة تزداد عند الدرجات الحرارية العالية (حوالي 1400سo ) يعزى ذلك الى عملية نمو بلوري محتملة، وعلية يؤدي ذلك الى نقصان معدل االتكثيف. النتائج من برنامج تاثير زمن الحرق تشيرالى ان النموذج المطوريتنبا بزيادة شبة لوغارتمية للكثافة النسبية مع الزمن، بينما يتنبا النموذجان الاخران ( نموذج الكرة المركبة ونموذج المكون الذاتي) بزيادة اسية للكثافة النسبية مع الزمن. النتائج من البحوث السابقة تتفق مع توقع النموذج المطور. النتائج من برنامج تاثيرتوزيع حجوم المسامات على عملية التكثيف تدل على ان هذا العامل لة تاثير قوي عندما يكون التوزيع عريضا" فقط على المراحل النهائية لعملية التكثيف لان المسامات الكبيرة غلقها بطىء نسبيا". | A mathematical model describing the densification process during viscous sintering process of a material contains solid inclusions is developed (modified) from a Scherer model which describes the rate of densification during sintering for a free solid inclusions material. The modified model is used to simulate the rate of densification during sintering process for ceramic heterogeneous materials consist from mixtures of some Iraqi clays that had been prepared in a previous work. In addition the modified model is used to study the effect of several factors on densification during sintering process and used in predicting the effective viscosity of the viscous phase that formed during sintering. The factors are the sintering temperature, sintering time, and the ratio of solid inclusions volume to viscous phase volume.Another two heterogeneous models which are the composite sphere and the self consistent models are also applied and used to study the effect of sintering temperature and sintering time on densification during sintering for comparison with the present developed model.The modified model is also used to study the effect of pore size distribution on densification process by assuming a Gaussian distribution for the pore sizes and reformulating the equations of the modified model to make them depend on the standard deviation of pore size distribution.The physical parameters like viscosity are computed from the fitting process of the practical data of the samples.Computer programs in FORTRAN 90 language are designed to study the effect of sintering temperature on densification process using the developed model, the composite sphere and the self consistent models. These programs are modified to simulate the densification process versus time duration of the sintering process. Another program is designed to study the effect of pore size distribution on sintering process using the developed model. The results from the developed (modified) Scherer model are better fit the practical data, then the composite sphere model. The results from the program of the effect of sintering temperature indicates in general that the rate of densification is increased with increasing sintering temperature, this is due to the decrease in the viscosity with temperature increasing. However, when the ratio of the solid inclusions is high the viscosity is increased at relatively high sintering temperatures (about 1400oC) this increase in viscosity may be due to induced crystallization processes, accordingly the rate of densification is decreased at these circumstances.The results from the program of the effect of sintering time indicate that the modified model predicts that the increase in density is semi logarithmic with time, while the other two models predict an exponential increase with time. The results from the program of the effect of pore size distribution indicate that this parameter has a strong effect if the distribution is broad only in the last stages of densification because the largest pores are relatively slow to close

الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة تاثير المحاليل الالكتروليتيه على خواص العزليه الكهربائية للبورسلين المشكل من مواد محليه A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION ON THE PROPERTIES OF ELECTRICAL INSULATOR PORCELAIN FORMED USING LOCAL MATERIAL

اسم المؤلف: عتاب فاضل حسين

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الفيزياء

اسم المشرف: فاضل عبد رسن ازهار جواد داوود

الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء

الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: الانكليزية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

المستخلص: يهدف البحث الى دراسه تاثير المحلول الالكتروليتي ونسب تركيزه على الخواص الكهربائية والفيزيائية لجسم البورسليني الذي تم تحضيره باستخدام مواد محليه عراقيه. تم تشكيل الجسم بور سليني من كاؤلين دويخله،رمل زجاج ارضمه، فلدسبار وبنسب وزنيه (45 %, 30% , 25%) على التوالي. ولقد اجريت معامله كيميائية لكل من الكاؤلين والسليكا بهدف تنقيتها من الشوائب التي يمكن ان تذوب بحامض الهيدروكلوريك حيث تمت دراسة التغيرات الحاصلة من خلال تحاليل . IR قسمت الدراسة الى سبعه مجاميع محضره من هذه المواد طبقا لنسب المضافة من المحلول الالكتروليتي المحضر من (NaCO3+NaSiO3) وبنسبه (2 : 1) ان نسب اضافات المحلول الالكتروليتي هي 0.7%,1%) ,0.5% 0.2% , 0.1%) حيث ثبت نوع ونسبه الماده المعدنه في تشكيل الجسم البورسليني وهي او كسيد الزنكZnO وبنسبه (.(2% تم تشكيل مكبوسات من هذه الخلطات وبعد التجفيف تم حرقها لدرجات حرارة مختلفة1350oC) (1250, 1300 اجريت القياسات العزليه الكهربائية (ثابت العزل ومعامل الفقدان العزلي) وكذلك التوصليه الحرارية وقابليه الانضغاط. ان النتائج المتحققة لنماذج المحروقه بدرجه 1350oC ا بد ت نمط من ثبوت قيم العزليه الكهربائيه عند حدود معينه من تراكيز المحلول الالكتروليتي المضاف لمكونات الجسم البورسليني ضمن مدى((0.2 - 0.1% , في حين هنالك تغير في قيم التوصليه الحراريه ضمن مدى (0.2 - 0.5%) من تركيز المحلول الالكتروليتي. وان قابليه الانضغاط تكون عاليه عند حدود (0.5%) من تركيز المحلول الالكتروليتي لنفس المكونات،وبالتالي يتطلب اعتماد مفاضلة في الخواص وحدودها لاختيار افضل تركيز المحلول الالكتروليتي بما يوفر توافق نتائج الخواص العملية مع الخواص الصناعية القياسية المتحققة على منتجات محضره من مواد بلدان اخرى ومعتمدة لديهم ، لقد تم اعتبار ان افضل تركيز يتوافق مع الخواص العزليه الكهربائية وكذلك التوصليه الحرارية والميكانيكية هو (0.2%) كما اشاره اليه النتائج. | This study was carried out to prepare a porcelain samples, which can be used as an electrical insulator. The raw materials used for the preparation are kaolin Duakhla, Arudhma Sand glass and Potash feldspar with weight percentage (45%, 30%, 25%) respectively. A chemical treatment was performed on kaolin Duakhla, Arudhma Sand glass to remove all the impurities. The effect of the washing by HCl acid (chemical treatment) was examined by IR Tech. The study divided into seven groups. Relating to the concentration of electrolyte solution which is consisting of (NaCO3 & NaSiO3) as a ratio (2 : 1), and for fixed percentage of mineralizer (2%ZnO). The concentrations of electrolyte which were added to these groups are (1%, 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0.1%). Samples of each group have been prepared, and then each sample was pressed, then after that these samples are dried and sintered for different temperatures (1250, 1300, 1350 oC). Dielectric measurement (Dielectric Constant& Dielectric loss index) were carried out for these pressed samples, also Physical properties “Thermal conductivity” and mechanical properties “Compression strength” were measured for these samples. The results of these measurements for samples sintered at 1350oC are found to have a stable change at the range (0.1 - 0.2%) of concentration of electrolyte solution. While there is a change in the results of thermal conductivity in the concentration range (0.2 - 0.5%) of electrolyte solution. And the values of compression strength is found to be high at 0.5% concentration of electrolyte solution. Therefore we should select the best concentration of electrolyte solution, to get the optimum properties which would agree with practical results and the standard properties for the attentive in other countries of the world. Then, can regarde the (0.2%) concentration of electrolyte solution is the optimum value that can be used in the industry of the electrical insulators

الصفحات الاولى:

اسم المؤلف: حاتم حسين علي الشيباني

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية - قسم اللغة العربية

اسم المشرف: خديجة عبد الرزاق الحديثي

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

المستخلص: Arabic is one of the ancient living languages in the world. It has gained great attention that no any other language has gained from the scholars. This degree of attention has its own reasons. It is the language of the glorious Qur’an, the sacred book of Muslims. Thus, it has achieved its sacredness through its relevance to this great book. Understanding the purposes of the linguistic discourse was the objective of the researchers. So understanding the syntactic structures of Arabic and apprehension of its linguistic phenomena were the priority of the issues taken care by old linguists. The linguistic study has attained its higher standard earlierly, and the grammatical level was the most interesting one among the other levels tackled by scholars. The grammatical lesson began simple and easy on the hands of Arab scientists. Like any other science, being easy first, then it starts becoming complicated in research. This same description can be applied to Arabic. It has become complicated and a number of foreign trends such as logic, philosophy and philology, have penetrated into it. Then, it has be come a normative prescriptive lesson, away from being descriptive besides the obvious difficulties of approaches which made it difficult. So that scholars found it wise to escape. Since language is one of the means of learning and thinking, one can realize the sufferings faced by learners. So the voices were raised and complaints heard about the difficulty of the grammar lessons. This led to the appearance of a call for simplification. Old Arab grammarians have their attempts in this respect and they have written grammatical briefs and didactic poems to facilitate keeping the grammar of language by heart yet, Sibawayhi’s Book is still the controlling source which governs our grammar. The briefs and poems have no longer the power to meet the requirements of the grammar lesson. Even the old publications however scientific they are, cannot remedy the miserable. A number of scientific scholars have undertaken this task. Their endeavor has been welcomed recently. And as much as possible they have made use of the old attempts such as that of Ibn Madha’a Al - Qurtubi (592H). Really, one of the modern remarkable attempts may be that of Ibrahim Mustafa whose opinions have their obvious influences on the modern grammatical lesson. He tries to depend on meaning when interpreting linguistic phenomena. As far as he got rid of the theory of grammatical operator (al - a’amil), which was the basis for grammatical lesson that governed and complicated it, he was agreed by plenty of scholars such as Dr.Ahmed Abdulsattar Al - Juwari and Dr.Mahdi Al - makhzoomi and others. Since Arabic is an inflected language, one can imagine the difficulty faced by the researcher to facilitate its grammar. Really, no language can be simplified, but there are a group of ideas through which the linguists try to interpret the linguistic phenomena and this should be the concern of the researcher. These attempts showed extreme criticism and they were not free from some shortcoming. This study tries to shed light on these attempts and simplifies Arabic grammar comprehensively. We have discussed the difficulties of Arabic grammar and the reasons beyond that, in addition to grammar, its evolution and development as well. The study has also tackled thoroughly the phenomenon of parsing in Arabic, and the attitude of the old grammarians towards this phenomenon. The researcher has carried out an analytical study of the researchers’ opinions in simplification to be aware of the value of these opinions, and whether they can be a right nucleus to a simple and easy grammar lesson. It is not easy to achieve that because of the width of the scope of the research, greatness of differences and abundance of Arabic produced knowledge in the field of grammar. Clearly, the shortage of the serious analytic knowledge of simplification in this area, led the researcher to carry out this type of study characterized by modernity and scientificness trying to find out the essence of the notion of simplifican and main elements which guided the scholars to come out with conclusions and recommendations to serve Arabic language and support those who study it. God is beyond our purpose

الصفحات الاولى:

المشكل النحوي في لغة الحديث النبوي الشريف في كتاب شواهد التوضيح والتصحيح لمشكلات الجامع الصحيح لابن مالك

اسم المؤلف: خالد علي حمو المتيوتي

الجامعة: جامعة الموصل - كلية التربية الاساسية - قسم اللغة العربية

اسم المشرف: خزعل فتحي زيدان البدراني

الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها

الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: الموصل

المستخلص: تضمن هذا البحث دراسة المشكل النحوي في لغة الحديث النبوي في كتلب ابن مالك شواهد التوضيح والتصحيح لمشكلات الجامع الصحيح وقد عرضنا فيه لما اشكل من الفاظ الحديث النبوي التي ذكرها ابن مالك في معالجته وعرضه للاراء النحوية وقد تكونت هذه الرسالة من تمهيد وفصلين ، تكون التمهيد من قسمين قمنا في القسم الاول باجراء موازنة بين كتب اعراب الحديث النبوي ، وفي القسم الثاني عرضنا لمفهوم المشكل عند ابن مالك وكيف وجه الاحاديث النبوية من خلال هذا المفهوم . اما فصلا الرسالة فقد كان الاول منهما تحت عنوان المشكل في التاويل النحوي قمنا فيه بعرض مظاهر التاويل النحوي التي اعتمدها ابن مالك في تخريج المشكل في الاحاديث الشريفة ، وكان الفصل الثاني تحت عنوان المشكل في الاعراب قمنا فيه بعرض المشكل في الاسماء والافعال والحروف وكيف خرج ابن مالك الاشكالات النحوية في هذا الباب . ثم ختمنا بحثنا باهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث ومن اهمها اان ابن مالك نبه في المسائل التي عالجها على اغفال النحاة لبعض المسائل ، كما انه وسع من خلال معالجاته للمشكل على اجازة قسم من المسائل التي وردت مشكلة وهي مما منعه النحاة كما ان ابن كالك نبه عى ان كثيرا من المسائل التي عدها النحاة ضرورة شعرية او منعوه او حكموا عليه بالشذوذ بانها موجودة في الحديث النبوي ، لكن امتناع النحاة من استشهاد بالحديث النبوي جعلهم يحكمون على مثل هذه المسائل بانها ضرورة شعرية او انها ممتنعة . | Prophet sayings is characterized by their high eloquence and fluency and form undepleting source of linguistic and other studies. The subject of this thesis entitled Syntactic Controversy in Prophet Sayings Language in Ibn Malik’s Shawahed Al Tawdheeh wal Tasheeh Lemushklat Al Jame Al Saheeh is concerned with the syntactic aspect of the prophet sayings. The importance of this study lies in stating syntactic problems in Saheeh Al Bukhari where Ibn Malik tried to tackle and correct syntactically. Ibn Malik’s views are reviewed and studied and compared with other grammarians views. The aim is to make the prophet’s sayings more correct. The thesis consists of an introduction and two chapters. The introduction is divided into two parts the first of which compares books concerned with prophets sayings linguistically. Part two deals with the concept of controversy according to Ibn Malik view. Chapter one, entitled controversy in Syntactic Interpretation reviews interpretation kinds that Ibn Malik used in dealing with syntactic controversy, including deletion, inclusion and increasing. Chapter two, entitled controversy is subdivided into three parts, dealing with controversy in name, verb and letter. The main conclusions derived is that prophets sayings are proofs for Ibn Malik and the concept of controversy was not decided. Issues dealt by Ibn Malik was distributed among various classes of syntax and the author pointed out some issues neglected by the grammarians

الصفحات الاولى:

اسم المؤلف: محمد ابراهيم عبد المجيد الشاهر

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم الاسلامية

اسم المشرف: عبد الستار حامد عبد الرحمن الدباغ

الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية

الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم الاسلامية

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

بديع المعاني في شرح عقيدة لشيباني للقاضي نجم الدين محمد بن عبدالله ابن قاضي عجلون المتوفي سنة (876) هـ : دراسة وتحقيق

اسم المؤلف: صفوان نافع نوري داؤد الصراف

اسم المشرف: محمد رمضان عبد الله الشواني

الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية

الموضوع الدقيق: العقائد

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المصادر:

اسم المؤلف: بهار احمد جاسم محمد السامرائي

الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ

الملخص:

اسم المشرف: عاصم اسماعيل كنعان العباسي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: ديالى

المستخلص: The Study of The social life in Europe in Islamic mediaeval ages through the Arabic sources. Includes : prelude and three shapters , beside the conclusion and a list of sources and references The prelude contains a study about European the Islamic Arabic understanding. It start with explanation to Europe name and Its geographical places through the seven earth's areas. The first chapter explains the study of the most important primary sources. which we can get our information from and about it It refers to the study of liberation wars and Islamic Arabic's openings in Europe. Then these wars was opened a new reign to Europe. It starts with a great development in it's general life , and it's social system. Then the Muslims can establish the essential of this opening in a few years and also they can dismiss the elements of malice , chaos , and organized the country at less the opening parts of the country. For the second feature it gives us information about Europe. It was through the way of sacrifice and mutual zing the hostages. through the wars. which was done between the Islamic Arabic's state and the Byzantines state. This was one of the features which gives us information about Europe state's numbers and it's ways and paths. The third feature it's regard the most important feature because it's the feature of trips which gives us the right and clear information , and we show in it the important trips which was had the great effect in describing the social life or the natural enviroment of Europe from the most important trips was Ibn - Fadhlan's trip which gives us many direct informations about Europe's east nations , and we depend up on it in describing many social sides , it talks about objectives , natures , and traditions. From the other important trips is Abi Hamed AL - Grnaty's trip which consider from the most important trips which gives us information which no less important than Ibn Fadhlan's trip. According to these trips their was a study to the other trips for example (AL - Gazzal , AL - Mounajim , AL - Idreesiy , and Ausama bin Mounqith trip) all these trips as important as all the first of all trips.The conclusion of the first chapter was a study to the civilize mixture between the Arab and Europe. this chapter also study the features which helps Europe to take from the Islamic Arabic civilization in all its sides and arenas. The second chapter : contains a study to the European society , and its human species , their origins and sorts in addition to their immigration and centers of their residence.The third chapter : contains a study to the social life in Europe , it is divided into many objects of research as follow : the characteristies and matures of European human races beside their customs and tradition. Scond chapter : the dominant religions in the European society at that time. Third object : the European woman's situation , and her effecters in the Europe's Society it also contain the marriage traditions , the food and drunks at that time , the kinds of clothes which they were dress , and also the baths. This chapter contains the kind of games which was played by the members of that society , such as knighthood , playing with weapon , hunting , and the animal fighting. At the end of the section we talk about the most important European's arts , and it consists of music and singing. The conclusion comes to show the important result which the research reach to. At the end I want to show that I do my beast in this research and if I successed in it that will be from God merciful. If it was the other side. so that from my self that because I want to be most clear in my research and in God we trust.

الصفحات الاولى:

المنهج الاختباري في نهج البلاغة

المصادر:

اسم المؤلف: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ

الملخص:

اسم المشرف: رباب جبار طاهر السوداني

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

المستخلص: Nehig Al - Balagah is abook Which has been Coolected and Written by Al - Sharif Al - Redi.This book contains the addresses , ulessages , prayers , orders and short address belongs to Imam Ali Abn Abi Talib (peace be upon him). The time has failed to abrade the speech and science of Imam Ali. Nehig Al - Balagah contains various kinds of science. Ther fore , many studies have been made about it. un fortunately thes studies are concentrated on the religions , social , poletical sides , and left the scientific side. If we examine Nehig Al - Balagah very weel we can noticethat there is scientific sense has not been understood by the scientists in that time , inspite of the explaination of Imam Ali for the scientestts , but now in this time with this scientific revelution , the meaning of thes sentes becom clear.The companions of the prophet and the followers don’t under stand what Imam Ali has from knowledge and science. They think that the scientific informeation in the holy Quran is just for the coheranee and grammatical matter. This means that there is nefther astudy for the scientific laws in the book nor astudy for the natural faets that have been mentioned by Imam Ali (pase be upon him). Taceuranee of the natural phenomenans is regular , sowe can discover these natural events by sense we mean that ther is static laws in the nature these laws are responssible of shaping the life in the nature. From this introduction we want to reach to very important point this point is that the scientificmind of Imam Ali in Nehig Al - Balagah. There are many scientific laws in the nature that have been mentioned by Imam Ali specily when he speaks about natural phenomenen , Man , Animals , and plant. The main aim of this study is to show the accurate note for Imam Ali (pease bewpon him) and his scientific information about this note. Inorder to make astudy for Nehig Al - Balagah , we divide our study to an prefase and three chapters , the prefase deals with the origin of Imam Ali thoughts. It contains the sources and science of Imam Ali (pease bewpon him). It also deals with the verious scieutific knowledge for Imam Ali. Also in the introduction we have made Nehig Al - Balagah as a tipical example for science. Also It deals with its subjects and attribution of the book. The first chapter deals with the scieutific theories and discoveries. In the book there are many of scieutific theories these theories are concerned with , space , Geography , physics theories , also there are many scieutific discoveries these discoveries different according to different fields. As far as the second chapter is concerned , This chapter is under the title on the laboratory study and test field. It is full of subjects. The laboratory study is divided in to three topics. The first theme is about Human body. It deals with phases of creation of the fetus , Anatomy of human body and the job of some origens , like , the eyes the ears , origens of breathing and origens of speech , heart and bones. The second them is about Animal laboratory. It deals with insects and birds laboratory. also it deals with the ways of proliferate of some Animals. The third theme is about plant laboratory. It deals with plant Anatomy and the types of the plant according to according to its ability. In addtion for these three themes in this chapter we have studed different science. As far as the third chapter is concerned , this chapter deals with Nehig Al - Balagah scieutific reports.these reports are spread in the whole book , if we collect and write these reports we can get one united report. also these reports are fully constracted and united and about one subject. There are many reports in the book , there fore , we have divide it in to three themes. The first theme is geographical report , it deals with the wind , geographical sitnition of the place and its effects. The second them is the medical report. It deals with many parts like , diagnosis and causes of the desease , indication of the desease , and the treatment for these deseases. The third theme is about Animals report , It deals with the places , way of living , hapits and deseases of Animals. Also there are many parts about these themes , that we try to explaine it with move details inorder to be very clear to the mind.

الصفحات الاولى:

المصادر:

اسم المؤلف: رسول نصيف جاسم الشمرتي

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ

الملخص:

اسم المشرف: علاء حسين عبد الامير الرهيمي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: النجف

الصفحات الاولى:

استخدام تقنيتي التحسس النائي ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS في دراسة الملامح الجيومورفولوجية ما بين شط العرب وخور الزبير The Using Of Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Ystems (GIS) In Study Geomorphologyic Features Between Shatt Al - Arab And Khor Al - Zubuir

اسم المؤلف: محمد عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية

اسم المشرف: تغلب جرجيس داود قاسم محمود السعدي

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

المستخلص: The present study aimed to delineated the geomorphologic features in the area bounded between Shatt Al - Arab and Khor Al - Zubair by means of Remote sensing and Geographic Information system (GIS) techniques, southern Basrash city. The study traversestarted from Al - Saraji River in the north to the shore line of Arabian Gulf (Ras Al - Bisha) in the south. To acieved this study the researcher adopts four main methods : descriptive (filed trips), origin, development, and quantitative methods, the last one comprises theanalysis of texture and other physical and chemical soil properites, as well as, the using of GIS technique, i.e., the using of satellite image which supplied by the Landsat - 7, this image has many bands;1,2,3,4,5,7, and 8 bands, the sixth band was excluded because of its thennal nature which is out of the present study scope. To present a full desctiption and explanation for the geometric features, the data bases was employed for maps construction, the satellite images was subjected to many soft maps construction, the satellite image was subjected to many soft ware program to carried out engineering correction, digitization management, and position analysis and date base builddup to achieve the necessary maps. The information abstracted from the image analysis in addition to the physical and chemical properties of the study soils enable us to categorized the observed geomorphic features into four main unit; natural levees, transitional lands, sabkhas, and tidal flats, furthermore 1l is also thepresent present study emphasized the activity of GIS in offering time and efforts in studying the natural phenomena incomparsion with the traditional methods, moreover the GIS provide us with high flexibility in controlling the scale of the prepared maps. Regarding the physical and chemical weathering processes, the present study proved that the extension, contraction, dryness and wethess process play an important role in physical weathering which seems to be the dominant processes incomparsion with chemical one. The deposited sediments of both fluvial and Aeolian origin yield new lands, the continuous sediments deposition during 1983 - 2002 period creating a new land with a total area of about 92278 square meters.

الصفحات الاولى:

التوسع المساحي لمدينة البصرة 1947 - 2003 : دراسة في جغرافية المدن Areal Expansion To Basrah City 1947 - 2003

اسم المؤلف: صلاح هاشم زغير مبارك الاسدي

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الاداب - قسم الجغرافية

اسم المشرف: ماهر يعقوب موسى

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

المستخلص: The present study aims at investigating the phenomenon of area expansion of Basra city , together with examining the directions of this expansion and the factors that affect increasing the city area , as well as the influences that such an expansion makes in the city and its adjacent lands. The problem of the study can be summed up in that Basra city in the period 194 7 - 2003 expanded in its area by the leaping approach into different directions leaving lands of variable areas inside the city unexploited , in its tum , is reflected on the city achievement of its jobs.The significance of the study lies in the fact that it can be regarded a guide to studying other Iraqi cities throughout studying Basra city to solve the problems resulting from this expansion. This can be listed as an endeavor to estimate the real need to the urban areaBasra city is of a historical dimension and it has developed its jobs to arrive at Such a high level. This development could not happen unless a number of shard factors worked together to draw the city picture with all its surveying and demographic dimensions. The city of Basra has an obvious property , representing in its geographical position which gathers a unique social , cultural , and economic structure , which makes it somehow different from other Iraqi cities.The present city deals with the surveying expansion of Basra city in a particular period 194 7 - 2003 for a number of reasons. First , the study depends on the first census made in Iraq in 194 7 , which helps examine the surveying development of the city throughout connecting it with the statistical side ( the nurp.ber of city population ). Second , the first design of the city was made in 1942 , five years before the official census which helps follow such a development. Third , examining the surveying development of the city largely depends on its demographic weight , which clarifies the directions of this expansion. Such a development cannot be understood unless the researcher follows the movement of the demographic census ~ I inside the city. To achieve this aim , a specific geographical approach is followed in the four chapter of the study.Chapter One presents the theoretical background of the study , including the definitions , concept , and theories which are , in one way or anther , related to the subjected of the study.some of the definitions and concepts presented here are somehow similar in their titles. Besides , the chapter shows the theories that dealt with the internal structure of the city , and the approaches of surveying expansion , as well as studying the stages of city development so as to achieve the research objective. f Chapter Two exhibits the analysis of the factors of the city surveying expansion. These factors have played a very essential role in time and location , in terms of the objective Conditions of each stage that the city surveying development has passed through. Consequently , this chapter comes to be historical , descriptive , and analytic , which depends , in its information , on historical and field resources.Chapter three Consists of three axes. The first axis deals with the obstructions of the surveying expansion , whether Topographical obstructions or Human ones , and their influence on the city expansion in its successive stages. The Second axis examines the expansion directions through the stages of the city 1 development , and finally the third axis reflects the designing efforts.Chapter Four deals with three items , the first of which investigates the expansion influences , direct or indirect , on the city , whether in the quality of the services presented , its morphology , or its social influences on the population. The Second item clarifies the affects of such an expansion on the adjacent lands , whether the cultivated lands or the empty ones. The last item reflects the surveying expansion future of the city according to three approaches : the prophetic, the average of the individual 's shave , and the criteria of the urban designing.

الصفحات الاولى:

تحليل بيئي للعوامل المؤثرة في نوعية الملوثات الجوية لمحافظة البصرة Environmental Analysis Of Factors Influences The Quality Of Air Pollutants In Basrah Governorate

اسم المؤلف: ايمان كريم عباس المياحي

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية

اسم المشرف: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

المستخلص: influence and determine the quality of air pollutants in Al - Basrah governorate. It deals in details with the most crucial human an natural pollutants air factors such as rain falling , dust , lead in domestic dust , the acid rain degree , the concentrations of some gases (Oxide and amoniaoxide Carbon, amoni - oxide Sulfuric , Hydrocarbons , Chlorine , di hydrogine sulfur and Amonia ) throughout the area using (Aspirating Pump OS 50) and some bottles fir measuring atmosphere gases in part per million (ppm).The study falls into four chapters. Chapter one deals with the ·theoretical and systematic of the thesis , chapter.utwo tackles the natural factors that influence , positively or negatively the problem of the study , Chapter three discusses the human factors that help in causing the problem And chapter four includes a locational analysis of the most important air pollutants throughout collecting and measuring them and reaching at their concentrations.The study arrives at the following conclusions : 1. The astronomic position determines the climatic characteristics of the study area for it falls in the dry region which is reflected on the other natural factors and their effects on the distributions and concentrations of these pollutants.The geographical position of the study area , which is adjacent to Thi - Qar governorate which has the highest repetition of dusty and sandy storms in Summar , has a negative effect in increasing these pollutants in this area. In addition , there are some oilycountries adjacent to the study area that have an important role in casting much of these pollutants.The flat surface helps in activating the role of the wind in spreading the air pollutants and never be concentrated in certain places. This decreased the problem of air pollution.The climate causes the aridity of the soil , and fewness of the natural that supports the raising of the striping operation and the oxidation of the elements and gases that cause air pollution.The sandy dry soil has a negative role because of the easiness of its denudation by the wind which causes air pollution in the western part.Even water helps in absorbing some of the air pollutants and finding agricultural distances and natural plants. However , this factor looses much of its vital role because of the human interference in its pollution by drying out most of the marshes.The scarcity of natural plants has a negative role in protecting the air from pollution. The population which is (2100326 person) fling rubbish to the environment without any remedy. This increases the problem of the study.9. The fewness of the agricultural areas influences in increasing the problem of the study , in addition to the use of the chemical and organic fertilizers , insecticide and others.10. The increasing number of vehicles from (51383) at 2003 to (104012) at the end of 2004 increas air pollution. 11. Most of the environmental pollutants was resulted from some essential industries.12. The wars plays a great and danger role in destructing the environment.13. The highest average of the falling dust in the western side in Qhur Al - Zubair was (71.9) g/m2 , and the lowest average in the eastern ,., ~ side in Abu Al - Khaseeb was (38.6) g/m2 14. The amount of (Co2) exceeded its natural concentration (0.03) ppm. The highest concentration was (0.08 - 0.3) ppm and the lowest was (O.Ol)ppm.15. The oxide Carbon (Co) exceeded its natural and permitted concentration. The highest polluted concentration of the gas was (80 - 100) ppm, and the lowest was (5) ppm.16. The concentration of the polluted sulfur Dioxide (So2) exceeded its natural and permitted concentration the highest polluted concentration was (20 - 30) ppm, and the lowest was (10) ppm.17. The hydrocarbons had polluted concentrations exceeded permitted ones , as the highest polluted concentration was (10 - 20) ppm, and the lowest was (5 - lO)ppm.18. The chlorine gas has polluted concentrations exceeded the permitted ones, as the highest concentration was (1.0 - 2.0)ppm , and lowest was (5.0 - 1.0)ppm.19. The Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) has polluted concentrations the highest was (3 - 5) ppm and the lowest was (2) ppm. 20. The Amonia (NH3) gas has polluted concentration , the highest was (10 - 15) ppm, and the lowest polluted ones was (5) ppm.21. The highest average of the obstacles concentrations that contain lead (pb) was (2112.84) mlg/m3 , in which the percentage of the lead was (0.515)ppm in the southern sandy side , and the lowest concentrations of these obstacles that had lead of about (1623.28)mlg/m3 and (0.258)ppm was in Sa'ad Sequare.22. The concentration of the lead in the demostic dust is (0.033) ppm in Al - Basrah and (0.030) ppm in Al - Hartha.23. The (PH) of the falling rain varied between (6.9 - 8.4) , the highest one was (8 - 4) in Al - Basrah , and the lowest was (6.9) in Al - Qurna.

الصفحات الاولى:

تحليل جغرافي لظاهرة التصحر في محافظة بابل A Geographical Analvsis Ot The Deserification Phenomenon In Babel Province

اسم المؤلف: عمار عبد الرحيم حسين المندلاوي

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية

اسم المشرف: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

التنبؤ بالتساقط باستخدام بيانات الغطاء الغيمي في العراق : دراسة في جغرافية المناخ Forecasting The Precipitation By Using Cloud Cover Data In Iraq Study In The Geography Of The Climate

اسم المؤلف: سالار علي خضر الدزيي

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب

اسم المشرف: نعمة محسن لفتة الفتلاوي

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

المستخلص: The aim of this study is (forecasting the precipitation by using cloud cover data in Iraq). To achieve this goal, the properties of low, medium and high clouds affecting Iraq mounted (27) types are studied through their diffusion percentage (coverage), base height, types and the relation between each of these properties and rainfall with its five shapes (drizzle - rains - snows - heavy showers and thunderstorms). for eight climatic stations from Iraq (Mosul, Kirkuk, Baghdad, Rutba, Al - Hay, Diwayniya, Nasiriya and Basra).The research results were reached the following points : - Concerning the clouds' properties like their diffusion percentage and base height, the results have proved that the season difference affects these two properties greatly where the diffusion percentage of the clouds increases during winter and decreases during spring and autumn, also the base height of the clouds decreases during winter and increases during spring and autumn. - As to the nine types of low clouds, it is found that they do not appear evenly for some types appear more than the others.Generally, the types of low clouds that hold the characteristics of the layered clouds and the accumulated clouds are the most apparent types in Iraq weathers such as the layered accumulation clouds on one hand. The appearance of types with the layered shapes increases during cold months (winter), whereas the appearance of types with accumulated shapes increases during moderate months (spring and autumn) on the other hand. - For types of medium clouds, their appearance average also varies according to their types. The appearance of the layered types increases during winter and the appearance of the accumulated types increases during spring and autumn, too. - The high clouds are characterized with their all nine types being at the peak of appearance averages during spring, autumn then winter.The results, related to the relation between rainfall and its types with the clouds' base height, prove that there are heights for clouds' bases contribute largely in forming rainfall and its shapes Vs the non contribution of other heights except with too little rates of rainfall. Regarding the relation nature between rainfall and its shapes with low and medium clouds, it is clear that not all types of low and medium clouds are unproductive for some types are greatly responsible of forming rainfall compared to other types thathave a too little role, on one hand. It is found that there are certain types of clouds responsible of certain types of rainfall and its shapes, on the other hand. In order to complete the picture concerning this subject, the analytic method of flat and upper maps air for the two pressure levels (850 - 500) Millibar is used to define the types of the flat and upper pressure system responsible of forming the types of clouds and their height forming in tum different rainfall shapes. The results have proved the existence of a certain order for those different pressure systems during the formation of a certain shape of clouds and rainfall. This order is exposed to change during the occurrence of another shape of rainfall. These changes can be used for future forecast of various rainfall shapes. In addition, T t/> gram diagram is used to define the thickness and height of chosen types of low and medium clouds functionally through following ·up the temperature of air and dew point.

الصفحات الاولى:

الصناعات الانشائية في محافظة البصرة واقعها وافاقها المستقبلية The Construction Idustries. Basrah Province : Its Reality And Future Expectation

اسم المؤلف: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الاداب - قسم الجغرافية

اسم المشرف: عبد العزيز محمد حبيب العبادي

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

هيدرولوجية شط الغراف واستثماراته

اسم المؤلف: حسن سوادي نجيبان الغزي

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية

اسم المشرف: ماجد السيد ولي محمد العلي

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الخصائص السكانية لقضاء المقدادية للمدة (1977م - 1997م)

اسم المؤلف: شروق عبد الاله حسين الدليمي

الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية

اسم المشرف: حسن محمد حسن الاسدي

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: ديالى

الصفحات الاولى:

انشاء قاعدة معلومات مكانية لاغراض التخطيط وتقويم خدمتي الصحة والتعليم في مدينة المقدادية

اسم المؤلف: اسراء هيثم احمد صالح العبيدي

الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية

اسم المشرف: مضر خليل العمر صلاح عبد الحميد صالح

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: ديالى

الصفحات الاولى:

الخصائص الفيزياوية والكيمياوية للتربة في قضاء بعقوبة واثرها في زراعة الحمضيات وانتاجها

اسم المؤلف: سالم احمد محمد التويجري

الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية

اسم المشرف: محمد عبد عباس التميمي

الموضوع العام: الجغرافية

الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: ديالى

الصفحات الاولى:

واقع المديونية العربية في ظل المتغيرات الدولية المعاصرة Reality of The Arab Debts And Its Future Horizons Within The Contemporary International Changes

اسم المؤلف: احمد عباس عبد الله المحمدي

الجامعة: جامعة الانبار - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم الاقتصاد

اسم المشرف: نزار ذياب عساف

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: الانبار

المستخلص: The problem of indebtedness is considered one of the main problems from which the developing countries , including the Arab countries , suffer due to a gap in the local resources : e.i. savings are unable to cover the required investment. This problem increased in the last three decades of the past century to be at the top of the problems that these countries suffer from. The foreign indebtedness is defined as an outer commitments of governmental debt including national governments or one of it’s attachments such as departments or Agents in addition to the past independent governmental. The accumulation of the foreign debts of the indebted Arab countries led to clear marks on their economies. The average of these debts had been increased more than the average of the local production besides the great decrease in the local accumulations which enforce these countries to knock the door of the foreign debts in order to obtain the required sums to fill the gap of their balance of payments. It had been concluded from this study that most of the Arab countries are still suffering from unsolved problem represented by the disability of the local resources to cover the requirements of the economical development. The effects of this problem had over come the economical aspects of these countries to the social and political aspects due to which the political decision of the indebted countries had been subjected to the control of the super power in addition to hindering the cultural and social efforts of these countries. The sums that have paid in installments or interests, reduced the average of the foreign currency exports and that affected the ability of these countries to import their needs of goods and other services. This requires to create a United Financing Arab Corporation able to provide the financial resources from the petroleum countries and directing it centrally by an economical way forwards the disable countries in order to achieve stable Arab development besides some of the Arab countries will buy the Arab debts from their foreign origins in order to face the problem of the foreign indebtedness and scheduling the debts and to limit the short - term foreign loans of high benefits.

الصفحات الاولى:

اسم المؤلف: هاشم نايف هاشم الحاجم

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم ادارة الاعمال

اسم المشرف: محمد عبود طاهر

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

الموضوع الدقيق: ادارة اعمال

الدرجة: دكتوراه

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

علاقة واثر نتائج قياس وتحليل تكاليف الجودة في الاداء المالي : دراسة تطبيقية في شركة بغداد للمشروبات الغازية

اسم المؤلف: ناظم حسن عبد السيد

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم المحاسبة

اسم المشرف: فاطمة جاسم محمد السعد مسلم علاوي شبلي

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

الموضوع الدقيق: المحاسبة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

الاسقاطات السكانية لمحافظـــة البصـــرة للفتـــرة (1997 - 2022) باستخدام نتائج التعداد العام لسنة 1997 في العراق The Populational Projections of Basrah Governorate For The Period 1997 - 2022

اسم المؤلف: نادية علي عايد الحميداوي

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم الاحصاء

اسم المشرف: بشرى علي يعقوب الجعفري زهرة حسن عباس التميمي

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحصاء

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

اسم المؤلف: مجبل دواي اسماعيل الساعدي

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم المحاسبة

اسم المشرف: ماهر موسى العبيدي

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

الموضوع الدقيق: المحاسبة

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

اسم المؤلف: فليح حسن طخاخ

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم ادارة الاعمال

اسم المشرف: عباس علي ظاهر العامري

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

الموضوع الدقيق: ادارة المستشفيات

الدرجة: دبلوم عالي

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

علاقة التغيير التكنولوجي بنجاح المستشفى : دراسة حالة في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي بمحافظة النجف الاشرف The Relation of The Technological Change In The Hospital Success (A Study To Case In Al - Sadder Teaching Hospital / Najaf Al - Ashraf)

اسم المؤلف: فلاح حسن علي الخفاجي

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم ادارة الاعمال

اسم المشرف: صلاح الدين عواد كريم الكبيسي

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

الموضوع الدقيق: ادارة المستشفيات

الدرجة: دبلوم عالي

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

المستخلص: سعت الدراسة الى تحديد علاقة التغيير التكنولوجي بنجاح المستشفى، واستهدفت الدراسة مستشفى الصدر التعليمي بمحافظة النجف الاشرف كميدان للدراسة وحددت المدة ثلاث سنوات من 2000 - 2002، وقد اختيرت الاجهزة التي ادخلت الى المستشفى بوصفها عينة للدراسة والبالغ عدده | The study intends to specify the relation of the technological change in the hospital success, and Al - Sadder teaching hospital in Al_Najaf Al_ashraf governeer has been targeted as a study field and the period have been defined from 2000 up to 2002, then the equipments that entered to the hospital at that period have been choosed and described as a sample for the study and their appointed about (21) equipments.This study pursues to analyse the needs and the fact of the technological change process in Al_sadder teaching hospital, also it intends to answer the following questions : 1_What is the fact of technological change in the hospital (study field) ? 2_What is the level of the hospital management perception to the technological change as described as a gadget to reach the success?3_What is the role of the technological change in improving and reinforcing the organizational success of the hospital ?4_What are success needs of the technological change programs and its critical success factors ?In order to achieve the study goals, the main hypothesis has been defined which is (There is incorporeal correlation relation between the technological change and the organizational success) which leads to four subsidiary hypotheses after defining the changeables of the organizational success which are ]work productivity, machinery productivity, and employees satisfaction which are (annual adjusted doctor payment, and annual adjusted substaff payment), and payback period & reciprocal payback period [that show the correlation relation between the study changeables. these hypotheses have been tested statistically by : 1 - Percentage (%).2 - Correlation factor (R).3 - (t) test.4 - ( R2) factor. According to the results , the study appointed group of conclusions, the most important one that the hospital management invested the change in technology for most equipments in reinforcement of work productivity (in proportion of 67%), machinery productivity (in proportion of 67%), and employees satisfaction represented by ]annual adjusted doctor payment (in proportion of 60%), and annual adjusted substaff payment(in proportion of 50%)[. Also it can payback the costs of all new technologies within the hypothetical productive lifetime (in supported costs) but it can not payback the costs of the most new technologies (in nonsupported costs) within the hypothetical productive lifetime.And this study appointed group of recommends, the most important are : there is necessity to change the attention of health sector management to continuous intention to insert the continuous change in technologies and continuous improving all over the equipments and technological operations in the hospital, and there is necessity to the hospital management to keep its achieved profits from its policies to maintain the achieved success which represented by increasing work productivity, machineries productivity, and employees satisfaction. And there is necessity to the hospital management to modify its policies to gain more support from the government in the change of medical technologies where the change cost is not measured at cost / benefit level, but it is measured at the disease level where the health of the person and community, improvement of life, and decrease the death rate are the major profits versus change costs.

الصفحات الاولى:

المحاسبة عن المسئولية الاجتماعية في المصارف الاسلامية : دراسة تطبيقية في عينة من المصارف الاسلامية Accounting On Social Responsibility In Islamic Banks An Empirical Study In Some Islamic Banks

اسم المؤلف: فضل لطف ناشر عبيدان

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم المحاسبة

اسم المشرف: هاشم علي هاشم الموسوي

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

الموضوع الدقيق: المحاسبة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

المستخلص: The Islamic Banks emergence during the last quarter of the twentieth century , as an alternative Islamic solution for dealers with traditional banks. As a consequence , the processes of Islamic banks rise rapidly in the world. This lead to , the big world banks that had the deep - rooted experience , open many windows to deals with this kind of transactions.In their operations , the Islamic Banks depends on Sharia'a and economics principles. These principles impose a social objectives to achieve besides profit gaining.Many of specialists , such as , accountants , administrators and economists , tried to evaluate the performance of Islamic banks by their studies. Unfortunately , these studies focused on the financial aspects only , neglecting the importance of social role and responsibilities of these banks towards beneficiary parties. So the lack of study in this field , was the principal impulse behind of achieve of this study.Despite of the social responsibility accounting had raised and grown in the western societies, we will attempt through this study to clarify the philosophical sides for the social responsibility accounting in the Islamic thought. We will suggest a model to social responsibility accounting in Islamic banks , for measure and disclose of Islamic banks responsibilities towards different related parties. This model will taken into consideration, the special nature for Islamic banks operations , economics' and sharia'a principles which govern their works. Furthermore , the nature of the Islamic extremities which trades with Islamic banks and their needs from information , will be taken into the constructing of the model.So , the main objective of this study is to propose a model for measure and disclosure the social responsibility of Islamic banks , this aim can be achieved by the following : ? Compliance with Sharia'a.? A realize of the Social and Economic Justice.? Employees.? Customers and Creditors.? Society and Social Contributions.Out of this study , we conclude the following : 1. Possibility of measure the social responsibilities in Islamic banks by using the proposed measurement model of study.2. Possibility of disclosure the social responsibilities in Islamic banks by using the proposed disclosure model.This study consist of four chapters as follow : ? Chapter One : Methodology and the precedent studies.? Chapter Tow : Social responsibility accounting : Measurement &Disclosure.? Chapter Three : A Proposed Model for Accounting on Social Responsibility in Islamic Banks.? Chapter Four : The Practical Study.Finally we draw the important theoretical and practical conclusions from this study , and according to these conclusions we will definition of a group from the necessary recommendations.

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الافصاح في القوائم المالية للمصارف : دراســة مقارنة للتطبيقات المعمول بها في العراق مع المعيار الدولي رقم 30 Disclosures In Finanicial Statements For Banks And Similer Financial Instituions In Iraq.Acomparation Study With The International Accounting Standard No.30/Discloures In The Financial Standards Similer Institutions

اسم المؤلف: فداء عدنان عبيد

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - قسم المحاسبة

اسم المشرف: عبد الفتاح امين حسن

الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد

الموضوع الدقيق: المحاسبة

الدرجة: ماجستير

اللغة: العربية

السنة: 2005

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

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