دور المؤسسة الدينية في الثورة الدستورية الايرانية 1905 - 1911
Author name:
عبد الله لفتة حالف البديري
Supervisor name:
خضير مظلوم فرحان البديري
General topic:
History
Specific topic:
Modern and Contemporary History
Degree:
Master
University:
Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Wasit
First pages:
11T2829 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The Constitutional Revolution In Iran (1905 - 1911) is a significant historical event whose influence has gone farther than the scope of Iran to the degree that it was regarded as the genuine starting point which marked the end of the Qajari regime of Iran , in addition to being a helping factor in the following revolutions which broke out in the neibouring countries which were suffering from opressive regimes. It is noteworthy that the role of religious institution in this revolution has bestowed it with a special feature which made it the principal dynamo for each and every political event on the Iranian scene. This religious feature has distinguished the revolution and made it cope to a great extent with the new Iranian liberal ideas and orientations , therefore , the Iranian Constitutional Revolution is but a landmark in the modern history of Iran , whether in its revolutionary style or in its results. Simultaneously,the significance and influence of the religious institution can not be separated in its leadership from following a pateriotic policy which has so long opposed intensively the deserted styles used by the Qajari regime. In this regard , it has achieved a number of victories which played a great role in restraining that regime and restricted its influence ,especially in handling Iranian internal affairs. Thus ,the council and the constitution imposed by the relligious institution together with the Iranian Pateriotic Movement was regarded one of the important gains at that time. Not only this , but also the religious institution has greately affected the development of internal events to the extent that over threw the head of the regime and instslled another. The constitution of the Constitutional Revolution ( 1905 - 1911 ) is a clear sign of the spirit of sacrifice adopted by the religious institution. Yet , the balance of power was not stable between the sides : the revolution and the enemies ; for the reactionary side was in a position through which it can destroy the revolution. Besides , the foreign interference in the beginning and the mid revolution reached to the extent of internal affairs. As for Russian and the British there , they supported the reactionary side , where they revealed their evil imperial intentions after the Partition Treaty of 1907. What is worse is the shortsightedness of some of the leaders of the revolution who changed their stance towards the revolution after they had gained what they aspired to. This helped in finding the seeds of disagreement among the leaders of the Pateriotic Movement , including the leaders of the religious institution. Needless to say in this regard the clear cut impact of Iranian Tribes in both the north and south in their quick response to the appeals of the leaders of the religious institution to support the revolution. But the disputes of the tribal leaders and their inability to reconciliate their personal interests with the intrests of the country , all that played a role in weakening their stance ; apoint even the leaders religious institution could not overcome.As an example , the Bakhtiari leaders supported the revolution in its early stages , then they changed their attitude after they had gained government posts. This in turn , weakened the religious institution which , as a result , could not stand firmly against foreign privilege in Iran though the country had witnessed in the early 1910 active movements to ban foreign goods. As a consequence to that , the two traditional opponents to Iran ; that is , British and Russia were not hesitant to take whatever steps necessary to support Qajari and reactionary forces. Finally , being close to the First World War and in the mid of international tension prevalent at that time , these two powers were more and more determinant to hit the religious institution and its supporters via military interference to put an end to the Constitutional Revolution at the end of 1911.
Summary:
11T2829 - A.pdf
References:
11T2829 - R.pdf
