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الكشف الجزيئي للفايروس البشري المتوجه للخلايا اللمفاوية التائيه - النوع الاول والتعبير البروتيني ل P27, CDK6,CDK4 وBcl - 2 في سرطان الغدد اللمفاوية الهودجكن واللاهودجكن == Molecular Detection of Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type - 1 (HTLV - 1) and Expressional Proteins of CDK4, CDK6, P27 and Bcl - 2 in Hodgkin?s and Non - Hodgkin?s Lymphomas

اسم المؤلف: نور سامي عبود الليباوي
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم طراد الخفاجي | شاكر حماد محمد العلواني
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت هذه الدراسة على انها دراسة بحثية ذات اثر رجعي ,وسيطره . اذ اشتملت على120خزعة نسجية من منطقة الغدد اللمفاوية المحفوظة بالفورمالين والمطمورة بشمع البارافين.جمعت هذه النماذج من ارشيفات الانسجة المرضية لمختبرات مستشفى الحلة التعليمي/ محافظة بابل , مستشفى الحسين التعليمي/ محافظة كربلاء ,مستشفى الصدر التعليمي/ محافظة النجف ,مستشفى الحسين التعليمي/ محافظة المثنى ومستشفى القادسية التعليمي/ محافظة القادسية وكذلك العديد من مختبرات الانسجة المرضية الخاصة الموجودة في بابل ,بغداد, كربلاء, القادسيه, المثنى اذ جمعت هذه العينات للفترة من اذار 2016 الى كانون الاول 2016. هذه النماذج تعود للمرضى المصابين بسرطان العقد اللمفاوية للسنوات من 2011 لغاية 2016 .قسمت هذه العينات حسب المجموعات التالية : - 1 - اربعون قطعة نسيجية لمفاوية مصابة بسرطان العقد اللمفاوية نوع هودجكن .2 - اربعون قطعة نسيجية لمفاوية مصابة بسرطان العقد اللمفاوية نوع اللاهودجكن .3 - اربعون قطعة نسجية لعقد لمفاوية (لايظهر عليها اي تغيرات مرضية نسيجية) ظاهريا سليمة استعملت كمجموعة سيطرة .بعد التقطيع النسيجي لخزع العقد اللمفاوبة وتصبيغها باستخدام صبغتي الايوسين والهيماتوكسلين تم اجراء الفحص التاكيدي الدقيق لغرض التشخيص النهائي من قبل اخصائي الامراض النسيجية لهذه الدراسة. تم تصميم الجانب العملي لهذه الدراسة الذي اتخذ مسارين رئيسين : - 1. التحديد الجزيئي للفايروس البشري المتوجه للخلايا اللمفاوية التائيه من النوع الاول بفحصها داخل خلايا الانسجة اللمفاوية حيث تم انجازه بوساطة استخدام تقنية التهجين الموضعي ذات الحساسية العالية .2. اجراء دراسة كيميائية - نسيجية مناعية لوصف الحالة التعبيرية ل CDK4 وCDK6 ومثبط CDK (p27) وفحص الجينات السرطانية للخلايا اللمفاوية B (Bcl - 2 ) في الانسجة المصابة بالهودجكن واللاهودجكن والعقد اللمفاوية السليمة ظاهريا (غير مصابة).ان مجمل النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها هذه الدراسة كانت كما يلي : 1 - نسبة الذكور( (57.5% المصابين بسرطان الغدد اللمفاوية الهودجكن واللاهودجكن ومجموعة السيطرة كانت اعلى من نسبة الاناث (42.5%) في هذه المجاميع الثلاثة. حيث كانت نسبة الذكور/اناث هي1 : 1.35.2 - اظهر الفحص النسيجي ان النسبة العليا من مرضى الهودجكن كان من الدرجة المنخفضة (42.5%) يتبعها الدرجة المتوسطة (35%) وادنى نسبة هي الدرجة العليا (22.5%). بينما النسبة العليا من مرضى اللاهودجكن كانت من الدرجة المنخفضة والمتوسطة %37.5)) وادنى نسبة هي الدرجة العليا ( 25%).ا - نتائج الفايروس البشري المتوجه للخلايا اللمفاوية التائيه من النوع الاول وCDK4 وCDK6 ومثبط CDK (p27 ) وكذلك الجينات السرطانية للخلايا المفاوية B (Bcl - 2 ) في الانسجة المصابة بالهودجكن : 1 - النتائج الموجبة لجين HBZ للفايروس البشري المتوجه للخلايا اللمفاوية التائيه من النوع الاول بتفاعل التهجين الموضعي كانت ( 22.5%) 2 - اظهرالاختبارالكيميائي النسجي المناعي لـ p27 ان 35% من الانسجة كانت موجبة .3 - اظهرالاختبارالكيميائي النسجي المناعي لـ CDK4 ان 35% من الانسجة كانت موجبة .4 - اظهرالاختبارالكيميائي النسجي المناعي لـ CDK6 ان 57.5 % من الانسجة كانت موجبة . 5 - اظهرالاختبارالكيميائي النسجي المناعي لـ Bcl - 2ان47.5 % من الانسجة كانت موجبة .6 - تم تمييز علاقة طردية قوية تربط بين تحديد والانتشارالتعبيرالبروتيني والكثافة للفيروس وCDK4 .7 - وجدت علاقة طردية قوية بين تحديد والانتشارالتعبيرالبروتيني والكثافة للCDK4 وCDK6 .وايضا وجدت علاقة بين تحديد وكثافة ال CDK6 وBcl - 2.8 - تم تمييز علاقة طردية قوية تربط بين تحديد والانتشارالتعبيرالبروتيني والكثافة ل p27 وعمر المرضى. كذلك علاقة طردية بين p27 وBcl - 2.ب‌ - نتائج للفايروس البشري المتوجه للخلايا اللمفاوية التائية من النوع الاول وCDK4 وCDK6 ومثبط CDK (p27 ) وكذلك الجينات السرطانية للخلايا المفاوية B (Bcl - 2 ) في الانسجة المصابة باللاهودجكن : 1 - النتائج الموجبة لجين HBZ للفايروس البشري المتوجه للخلايا اللمفاوية التائيه من النوع الاول بتفاعل التهجين الموضعي كانت (45%) بينما لم تظهر اي حالة موجبة بتفاعل التهجين الموضعي للفايروس ضمن مجموعة السيطرة .2 - اظهرالاختبارالكيميائي النسجي المناعي لـ p27 ان 42.5% من الانسجة كانت موجبة. بينما لم تظهر اي حالة موجبة للp27 بواسطة الاختبارالكيميائي النسجي المناعي ضمن مجموعة السيطرة.3 - اظهرالاختبارالكيميائي النسجي المناعي لـCDK4 ان 50% من الانسجة كانت موجبة. بينما لم تظهر اي حالة موجبة في هذا الاختبار في مجموعة السيطرة.4 - اظهرالاختبارالكيميائي النسجي المناعي لـ CDK6 ان 72.5% من الانسجة كانت موجبة . بينما لم تظهر اي حالة موجبة في هذا الاختبار في مجموعة السيطرة.5 - اظهرالاختبارالكيميائي النسجي المناعي ل Bcl - 2 ان 72.5% من الانسجة كانت موجبة. بينما لم تظهر اي حالة موجبة في هذا الاختبار في مجموعة السطرة.6 - تم تمييز علاقة طردية قوية تربط بين تحديد الفيروس وBcl - 2 وكذلك وجدت علاقة قوية طردية تربط بين الانتشارالتعبيرالبروتيني والكثافة للفايروس وCDK6.7 - وجدت علاقة طردية قوية بين تحديد والانتشارالتعبيرالبروتيني والكثافة للBcl - 2 وCDK6 .وايضا وجدت علاقة بين تحديد وكثافة ال p27 وBcl - 2 فقط .كذلك وجدت علاقة عكسية بين عمر المريض وBcl - 2 .8 - تم تمييز علاقة طردية تربط بين كثافة CDK4 وp27 وكذلك بين CDK4 وBcl - 2

دراسة بكتيرية ووراثية لبكتريا Gardnerella vaginalis وعلاقتها بالولادة المبكرة == Bacteriological and Molecular study of Gardnerella vaginalis association with preterm labor

اسم المؤلف: ازل علاء عباس الربيعي
اسم المشرف: الهام عباس بنيان الساعدي | لميس عبد الرزاق عبد اللطيف
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this study , one hundred fifty samples were collected from paitents with preterm labor (PTL), who have been attending to Babylon Maternity and pediatric hospital and Al - Hilla Teaching Hospital, at the period from February to October 2016. Two swabs were collected one for culturing and the other for direct extraction for isolation Gardnerella vaginalis.Out of the 150 samples only 6(4%) on culture and 30 (20%) on molecular level isolated from preterm labor caused by Bacterial vaginosis , Urinary tract infection and aborted women. The results isolation and laboratory diagnosis as well as biochemical test approved that there is only 6 isolates belong to G.vaginalis confirmed by using Vitek 2 system and molecular detection by specific primers.Preterm birth is one of the most common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Associated with sub sequent preterm labor in up to 40% of cases as shown in our resultsThe isolates are varied in their ability to produce sidrophore and extracellular protease in addition to their hemolytic activity .Adherence activity were investigated and indicate that G.vaginals have pili on her surface help her to attached and initiated infection Metronidazole was effective in prevent adherence at low concentration (5%) was 100% percentage.All isolates are able to produce biofilm in different level which provided as main step in pathogenesis caused it can evade and evoke the action of immune response and antibiotics , Alum , sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate were shown very high effectively to eradicationSummaryIIG.vaginalis biofilm which gave results (0%) whereas the thymol extract (carvacrol) were moderate in action gave (50%) effect on Biofilm .Results also preveld that increased of pH value give a chance to overgrowth of G.vaginalis .The results indicated that Lactic acid considered as a limiting factors preventing growth of G.vaginalis when its grown with lactic acid , measured by optical Density (OD) the high production level is (1.901) in 2% concentration Whereas the lowest level is (0.32) in 10% concentration.Isolates Have ability to produce wide spectrum Bacteriocin which inhibited growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria that founded in vagina environment, Staphylococcus saprophyticus were the most bacteria that inhibited .extracted Vaginolysin was have a completed hemolytic activity in different temperatures (37 - 38 - 40 - 42). The results showed that its activity as were increased in high temperature.Recent study were clarified that purified vaginolysin was active in presence of cholesterol in media, gave (1.205) growth rate measured by the optical density at (100%) concentration. vaginolysin is cholesterol - dependent cytolysin (CDCs) toxin.Antimicrobial activity were investigated to the extracted Vaginolysin to evaluation of its activity depending on inhibition zone, the results showed that candida is more affective between the other microorganism gave (1.3)mm.Some virulence factor have been detected in molecular level ( Vly - SI - LuxS - LexA - rec a - Pl - Fur - Omp - Gal - protease ). Which wereSummaryIIIvaried in production may be as a results to the un presence of this gene in bacteria , may be silent gene or due to the amount of bacteria in sample are rare.Three Antibiotics were used at a molecular level (Tet b) were varied between resistance and sensitive to this gene (10) sample are resist,(RdxA) all sample are sensitive to its gene at percentage (100%), whereas (erna)gene were resist in all samples (100%).The results show there was no sequence homology between Mycoplasma spp. and G. vaginalis in the adhesion level this were detected by P30/P32 specific primer .The outcome of RFLPS - PCR is confirmed that G.vaginalis is virulent and have a role in preterm labor by degradation of membranes with the association of variable Silidase and presence of β - Galactosidase .MBL (mannose binding lectin ) levels were have a direct role pregnancy. It is also apparent that MBL plays a role in the defense against vaginal infection. MBL is essential to successful pregnancy in regards to maternal defense against infection, recent study indicate that MBL deficiency related to pregnancy outcome disorderedthis considered the first study of mannose in Iraq .DNA sequencing were done for two main virulence factor Phospholipase gene and Quorum sensing gene which showed some variation , then recorded in NCBI - gene sequencing as first descriped in Iraq.

التاثير المايكروبي المضاد لدقائق الفضة النانوية ضد بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية المعزولة من عينات سريرية == The Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Nano Particles (AgNPs) Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples

اسم المؤلف: سارة عقيل حسن التميمي
اسم المشرف: هدى هادي الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة للكشف عن التاثيرالمايكروبي المضاد لدقائق الفضة النانوية ضد بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية المعزولة من عينات سريرية, تم جمع 100 عينة من مصادر سريرية مختلفة, تضمنت العينات السريرية عينات الحروق , والادرار, والدم, واصابات الاذن, والقشع تم اخذ هذه العينات من المرضى الراقدين في مستشفى الحلة التعليمي خلال الفترة من تشرين الثاني 2016 الى كانون الثاني 2017. زرعت جميع العينات على وسط السترمايد, وسط اكار الدم, وحضنت كل الاطباق هوائيا بدرجة حرارة C°37 لمدة 18ساعة. تم تشخيص بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية بالاعتماد على الصفات المظهرية والكيموحيوية.كان توزيع العزلات كالاتي : 22(52.4%) من عينات الحروق, 8(19%) من عينات الادرار, 14.3)6%) عينة من المرضى المصابين بالالتهاب الاذن الخارجية, 4(9.5%) من عينات الدم,2(4.7%) من عينات القشع. اظهرت نتائج اختبار الحساسية باستخدام طريقة الانتشار في الوسط ان جميع العزلات(26) كانت مقاومة لكل من الببراسلين (100%), السيفوتاكسيم (100%),بينما نسبة المقاومة لكل من الاميكاسين (88%), سيفترياكسون (65%), جنتامايسن (62%), بينما وجدت نسبة مقاومة قليلة للسفتازديم (15%), وكل العزلات كانت حساسة (100) لكل من الميروبينيم, اوفلوكساسين, نورفلوكساسين والسبروفلوكساسين. تم في هذه الدراسة ايضا الكشف عن تكوين الاغشية الحيوية بواسطة طريقتين : طريقة الطبق الزرعي النسيجي (TCP) وطريقة صبغة الكونكو الحمراء (CRA) فكانت النتائج كالاتي : وجد ان في طريقة الطبق الزرعي النسيجي كانت جميع عزلات الزوائف الزنجارية والبالغ عددها (9) منتجة للاغشية الحيوية, (4) من اصل (9) (44%) من عزلات الزوائف الزنجارية انتجت مستعمرات سوداء بواسطة طريقة صبغة الكونكو الحمراء. وكذالك في هذه الدراسة تم الكشف عن تاثير جزيئات الفضة النانوية ((AgNPs على تكوين الاغشية الحيوية باستخدام تراكيز مختلفة (µg/ml 2.5, µg/ml 5, 10 µg/ml, 20µg/ml),حيث اظهرت النتائج ان اعلى فعالية لجزيئات الفضة النانوية كانت عند التركيز (20) وبنسبة تثبيط (100%), من جهة اخرى تم اختبار التاثير البكتيري المضاد لجزيئات الفضة النانوية ضد مختلف انواع العزلات البكتيرية باستخدام طريق التخافيف في الوسط الصلب وتراكيز مختلفة من جزيئات الفضة النانوية (12.5 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, (100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml وكانت العزلات كالتالي : ـ(S. aureus, E. coli, E. cloacae, K. pneumonia, P. aeuroginosa)اظهرت النتائج ان اعلى فعالية لجزيئات الفضة النانوية كانت عند التراكيز(100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml).ايضا تم تعريض ظاهرة السوارمنك في عزلات الزوائف الزنجارية لتراكيز مختلفة من جزيئات الفضة النانوية (2.5 µg/ml, 5 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml ), ووجد ان اعلى نشاط لجزيئات الفضة النانوية ضد ضاهرة السوارمنك وانتاج البايوسيانين كانت بتركيز ((10 µg/ml, 5 µg/ml .تم زراعة جميع عزلات بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية (26)عزلة بوجود نترات الفضة (AgNO3) بتراكيز تتراوح (100 µg/ml - 400 µg/ml ) باستخدام طريقة التخافيف في الوسط الصلب مع قدرات مختلفة لانتاج البيوسيانين. اظهرت النتائج ان جميع العزلات 26((100 المنتجة للبايوسيانين كانت مقاومة للسلفر نايتريت (AgNO3) من خلال ظهور نمو في الطبق الحاوي على التراكيز المذكورة نترات الفضة (AgNO3).في هذه الدراسة تم اختبار بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية لانتاج البكتريوسين باستخدام عزلات بكترية مختلفة تضمنت العزلات (امعائية مذرقية,مكورات العنقودية الذهبية,اشريكية قولونية, كلبسيلة رئوية). كذلك تم العثور على مجموعة واسعة من منطقة تثبيط (24mm - 30mm) في الانواع البكتيرية اعلاه مع قطر (30mm, 28mm, 24mm, 30mm) على التوالي. عزلات (امعائية مذرقية, كلبسيلة رئوية) كانت الاكثر تاثر والتي انتجت قطر تثبيط ((30mm. في هذه الدراسة ايضا تم تقييم علاقة مقاومة الفضة مع انتاج بيوسيانين في بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية متعددة المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية. في هذه الدراسة تم استخدام تقنية تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل للتاكد من وجود بعض الجينات. في هذه التقنية، تم فحص جينات bla - IMP)) التي تشفر الى انزيم ميتالو - β - لاكتاميز المسؤول عن مقاومة ايميبينيم وجينات (silS ,silE) التي تشفر لمقاومة الفضة في عزلات بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية بواسطة استخدام برايمرت خاصة. وقد وجد ان جميع العزلات ال 26 (100%) من بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية كانت سلبية لهذه الجينات. كما تم استخدام اثنين من البرايمرات المحددة للكشف عن فينازين (بيوسيانين) (phzS, phzM). اظهرت النتائج لل (phzM) ان من اصل 26)) عزلة , 21 (80.8%) اعطت نتيجة ايجابية, , فيما يخص (phzS gene) وجد ان 14(% 53.9) عزلة كانت حامله لهذا الجين . والخاتمة ان جزيئات الفضة النانوية (AgNps) تمتلك تاثير ضد الاغشية الحيوية وايضا لها تاثير بكتيري مضاد ضد بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية وانواع بكتيرية اخرى, والتي من الممكن استخدامها كعلاج بديل. فيما يخص انتاج البايوسيانين ومقاومة الفضة، ظاهريا كان هناك تاثير البايوسيانين على مقاومة الفضة ولم تكن مقاومة الفضة بسبب نقل وجود جينات (silS, silE). | This study was conducted to detect the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples, total of 100 specimens were collected from different clinical sites included urine, burns, ear, blood , and sputum. The specimens were taken from patients admitted to Al - Hilla Teaching Hospital during a period extended from November 2016 to January 2017. All specimens were cultured on selective medium (cetrimide agar), blood agar, then incubated at 37°C for 18 hr. The isolated of P. aeurginosa were diagnosed depending on morphological and biochemical characteristics.The distribution of P. aeurginosa isolates was as follows : 22(52.4%) isolates from burns, 8(19%) isolates from urine, 6(14.3%) isolates from patients with otitis externa, 4(9.5%) isolates were isolated from blood and 2(4.7%) isolates from sputum. Antibiotic susceptibility test using disc diffusion test revealed that all isolates (26) were resistant (100%) to Piperacillin, Cefotaxime. While the resistance rate for Amikacin (88%), Ceftriaxone (65%), Gentamicin (62%), but low resistance rate was found to Ceftazidime (15%) and all isolates were sensitive (100%) to Meropenem, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The biofilm formation in P. aeurginosa isolates was investigated by two methods include, tissue culture plates method (TCP) and congo red agar method (CRA). The results showed that all isolates 9 (100%) were found to be biofilm producer when investigated by TCP assay, and 4 out of 9 (44. %) isolates of P. aeurginosa were producing black colonies when detected by CRA method.The effect of AgNps on biofilm formation was tested by using different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (2.5 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml,10 μg/ml, 20μg/ml). The results showed that the highest activity was at a concentration of 20 μg/ml, with an inhibition rate of 100%. On the other hand the antibacterial activity of AgNps was tested against different bacterial species isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomnas aeurginosa) using agar dilution method with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml). The results showed that the highest activity was at a concentration of (100 μg/ml and 200μg/ml). On the other hand Swarming motility in P. aeruginosa isolates was detected and subjected to different concentrations of (AgNps) (2.5 µg/ml, 5 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml), it was found that the highest activity of AgNps against swarming motility and pyocyanin production of P. aeurginosa was at a concentration of (5 µg/ml, and 10μg/ml).The relation of silver resistance with pyocyanin production in P. aeruginosa was assessed. Screening test for silver resistance was performed by agar dilution method, all (26 isolates) of P. aeruginosa were cultivated in the presence of AgNo3 at a concentration (100 µg/ml - 200 µg/ml, 400µg/ml) using agar dilution method with differing capacities for pyocyanin production. All isolates of P. aeurginosa 26(100%) that produce pyocyanin were found to be resistant to AgNo3.In this study P. aeruginosa isolates were tested for bacteriocin activity by the agar well diffusion method using different bacterial isolates : E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. cloacae. Wide range of inhibition zone (24mm - 30mm) was found against above bacterial species with diameter (28mm, 30mm, 24mm, 30mm), respectively. The most affected bacteria were K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolates, which produce inhibition zone (30)mm.PCR technique was used in this study for investigation some genes. In this technique, blaIMP gene that encode Metallo - β - lactamase enzyme responsible for imipenem resistance and (silE and silS) genes that encoding silver resistance were investigated in P. aeuroginosa isolates by using specific primers. It was found that all 26 (100%) isolates of P. aeuroginosa were negative for these genes. Also two specific primers were used to detect phenazine (pyocyanin) modifying genes (phzM, phzS). According to phzM gene, it was found that out of 26 P. aeuroginosa isolates, 21 (80.8%) isolates gave positive results at 330 bp, in regard to phzS gene, it was found out of 26 P. aeurginosa isolates, 14 (53.9%) isolates gave positive result at 664 bp.In conclusion AgNps have an antibiofilm, antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and different bacterial species that could be used as an alternative therapy. In regard to pyocyanin production and silver resistance, phenotypically there was effect of pyocyanin pigment on silver resistance and the silver resistance was not due to carriage of silE, silS genes.

التشخيص والتوصيف الجزيئي لبكتريا Clostridium perfringens المعزوله من حالات مرضية سريرية في مدينة الحلة == Molecular Diagnosis and Characterization of Clostridium Perfringens from Clinical Samples in Al - Hilla city

اسم المؤلف: علياء محمد حمود الشمري
اسم المشرف: علاء هاني الجراخ | ميساء صالح الشكري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة لمعرفة وبائية بكترياC. Perfringens في العينات المؤخوذة في محافظة بابل. تم جمع 140عينة من الجروح العميقة من المرضى الداخلين في مستشفيات مدينة الحلة الرئيسية (مستشفى الحله التعليمي ومدينة مرجان الطبيه) والذين يعانون من مرض السكري المزمن وايضا من مرضى تعرضوا الى طلق ناري فضلا عن المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب الخلوي اللاهوائي في الجلد(anaerobic cellulitis ) للفترة من شهر شباط ولغاية شهرتشرين الاول 2016. بالاضافه الى ذلك تم تشخيص وعزل بكترياC. perfringens بطرق مختلفة منها استخدام الطرق البكتيرية التقليدية من خلال طرق التنمية على الاوساط الزرعية الاختيارية لهذه البكتريا واظهرت النتائج الحصول على 3 (2.14%)عزلات كان عزل اثنان منها 1.42%)) من مرضى السكري المزمن اما العزله الثالثه (0.72%) فقد تم الحصول عليها من الذين تعرضوا لطلق ناري في حين لم يتم الحصول على عزلات من المرضى الذين يعانون من الالتهاب الخلوي اللاهوائي . وكذلك تم تاكيد التشخيص باستخدام المعلم الوراثي المستند على دور جين 16s rRNA وجين16S - 23S spacer rRNA حيث اظهرت النتائج, من اصل 140 عزلة فان 7 عزلات تعود لبكتريا C. perfringens. بالاضافة الى ذلك, تم التحري عن قابلية هذه البكتريا واختبار قابليتها على انتاج انزيم (phpspholipase C) ووجد ان جميع العزلات منتجة الى هذا الانزيم. كما تم الكشف عن حساسية عزلات البكتريا اللاهوائية تجاه 24 مضادا حيويا. بينت نتائج الدراسة ان جميع العزلات اظهرت حساسية عالية (100%) تجاه كل من penicillins .مثل benzypencillin, ,amoxicillin فضلا عن حساسيتها تجاه  - lactamase inhibitor مثل Ampicillin - sulbactam وحساسيه عالية لكل من metronidazole وaminoglycosidesومن ناحية اخرى، اظهرت جميع العزلات مقاومة عالية لكل من مضادات tetracyclin, Linezolid, levofloxacin, erthromycin بينما اظهرت هذه العزلات تغاير في درجات المقاومة تجاه مضادات pipracillin, Clindamycin, and Impenem.تم استخدام الطرق الوراثية في الكشف عن جينات المقاومة للمضادات الحياتية كجيناتM,Q,W,B) ) tet الخاصة بالكشف عن المقاومة للتتراسايكلين وجينات erm(A,B) للكشف عن المقاومة للكلندامايسين وجين nim للكشف عن المقاومة للمترونيدازول حيث اظهرت النتائج ان الجين tet M كان ذا سيادة عالية بنسبة 71.42 %تم استخدام طريقة التشخيص الجزيئي لتوكسينات البكتريا (alpha,epsilon, iota) للاستدلال على وجود جينات (cpa, etx, iap)، في C. perfringens وبنسبة 100%, 28.4%, 28.4% )) على التوالي.بالاضافة الى ذلك تم استخدام جينات cpa, etx and iap لقياس تعاقب القواعد النيتروجينية للمادة الوراثية للعزلات المدروسة فضلا عن تسجيلها في بنك الجينات العالمي ( ,(Gene Bank,اذ تم خلال هذه الدراسة ولاول مرة في العراق، الحصول على خمسة ارقام انضمام الى بنك الجينات العالمي (5 accession numbers)، حيث تم نشر هذه الارقام في بنك الجينات الامريكي gene bank - NCBI وهذه الارقام هي : جينiap : KY523199, KY523200 اما فيما يخص الجينetx فكانت الارقام هي : KY523201, KY523202 وفيما يخص الجين cpaفكان رقم الانضمام هو : . KY523203تعد هذه الدراسه انها اول دراسه في العراق تضمنت تحليل , دراسه تعاقب القواعد النايتروجينية للمادة الوراثية فضلا عن التسجيل في بنك الجينات العالمي لسموم عزلات محلية من بكتريا C.perfringens معزولة من عينات سريرية. | This cross sectional and hospital - based study aimed to studying the incidenceof Clostridium perfringens in clinical samples in Babylon province. A total of 140 wound swabs were taken from patients admitted to two main hospitals in Hilla city, Iraq (Hilla Teaching Hospital and Medical Marjan City), during the period from February to October 2016. Swabs were collected from diabetic patients, anaerobic cellulitis, and bullet wounds. These wound swab samples were subjected to different methods for identification of C. perfringens according to standard method. It was found that 3 (2.14%) C. perfringens isolates were recovered, of which 2 isolates (1.42%) were obtained from diabetic patients, 1 isolates (0.72 %) from bullet wounds, No isolates are recovered from the other clinical samples (cellulitis). Furthermore, molecular detection method was applied by using 16s rRNA, 16S - 23S intergenic spacer rRNA genes as a genetic marker for confirmation of detection of C. perfringens isolates,7 isolates of C. perfringens out of 140 are detected by using PCR with specific primer.The study also focuses on the ability of this bacteria to produce Phospholipase C and it was found that all isolates are positive for this enzyme (100%) . The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing using Vitek 2 system and disc diffusion method (DDT) of C. perfringens isolates (No.= 3) against 24 antibiotics showed that all isolates were highly sensitive to penicillins, (benzylpenicillin, and amoxicillin), all isolates (3/3) were sensitive to  - lactamase inhibitor such as Ampicillin - sulbactum. They were more susceptible to metronidazole and aminoglycosides in (3/3). On the other hand, all isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline, Linezolid ,levofloxacin, and erythromycin However, these isolates expressed different degree of susceptibility towards other antibiotics (Clindamycin, piperacillin and Imipenem). Molecular detection of C. perfringens of antibiotic resistance genes had been investigated and it had been found that tetracycline resistance gene tet M is the most commonly observed (71.42%) among ribosomal protection genes among C. perfringens isolates. While all isolates (7) gave negative results for other tetracycline resistance genes (tet W and Q, tet B, erm(A), erm(B),nim gens).Furthermore, detection of clostridial toxin (alpha, epsilon, iota toxins was applied using specific genes (cpa, etx, iap) and the results showed that the rate of the presence of these genes are : 100%, 28.8% and 28.4% respectively. The following genes : cpa, etx and iap were used for sequencing analysis, registration in gene bank - NCBI. Five accession numbers were obtained from registration of five sequences of these three genes at gene bank - NCBI : iap gene; accession numbers are : KY523199, KY523200etx gene; accession numbers are : KY523201, KY523202cpa gene; accession number is : KY523203. This is the first study in Iraq which employed analysis sequencing and registration in gene bank - NCBI, of clostriaial toxin of local isolates of C. perfringens obtained from clinical samples

دراسة فيروس نظير الانفلونزا وبكتريا المسبحيات القيحية مع التهاب الاذن الوسطى القيحي في الاطفال == Study of Parainfluenza virus and Streptococcus pyogenes with suppurative otitis media in children

اسم المؤلف: ايام محمد صالح علي العامود
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم طراد الخفاجي | غانم عبود المولى
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى التحري عن دور فيروس نظير الانفلونزا وبكتريا المسبحيات القيحية Streptococcus pyogenes في الاطفال الذين يعانون من التهاب الاذن الوسطى القيحي . جمعت 200 عينة (ثلاث مسحات لكل مريض تضمنت مسحة من افرازات الاذن ومسحة من افرازات الانف لدراسة الفيروس ومسحة من افرازات الاذن لدراسة البكتريا و50 عينة دم) من 50 مريض يعانون من التهاب الاذن الوسطى القيحي احيلوا الى مستشفى الحلة التعليمي في محافظة بابل للفترة من شباط (2016) لغاية ايار (2016). والذين يعانون من التهاب الاذن الوسطى. وتضمنت الدراسة 32 عينة ماخوذه من اشخاص اصحاء كمجموعة سيطرة وتم تقسيمهم الى ست مجاميع عمرية بنفس طريقة تقسيم مجاميع المرضى. شملت الدراسة اربعة اجزاء رئيسية : اولا التشخيص الفيروسي اعتمد على التقنيات المتقدمة (العزل الاولي باستخدام فحص التالق المناعي المباشر لتحديد وتمييز الانواع الثلاثة لفيروس نظير الانفلونزا 1,2, and 3 والتشخيص الجزيئي بواسطة استخدام فحص تفاعل سلسلة انزيم البلمرة بالوقت الحقيقي لتحديد وتمييز الانواع الاربعة للفيروس1,2,3, and 4 وتم استخدام المجهر الالكتروني النفاذ لمشاهدة جزيئة الفيروس . والجزء الثاني فحص البكتريا باستخدام فحوصات الكيموحيوية وفحص Vitek 2 system وتم التحري ايضا عن انزيم الهيمولايسين حيث كانت جميع العزلات منتجه لهذا الانزيم . التشخيص الجزيئي للكشف عن وجود الجين mga بواسطة تقنية سلسلة تفاعل انزيم البلمرة .الجزء الثالث شمل وجود الفيروس والبكتريا في عينات الاذن للمرضى المصابين بالتهاب الاذن الوسطى . الجزء الرابع تضمن دراسة مناعية لمعرفة دور الحركيات الخلوية IL - 6, TNF - α, IFN - α, CD8, and CD56))عند الاصابة بفيروس نظير الانفلونزا بواسطة فحص الامتصاصية المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم وباستخدام تقنية التالق المناعي المباشر لفيروس نظير الانفلونزا بانواعه الثلاثة (hPIV 1,2,3) كانت نسبة الاصابة 64% (اي 32 طفلا من اصل من اصل50) وعند استخدام فحص تفاعل سلسلة انزيم البلمرة بالوقت الحقيقي ( (RT - PCR وجد ان نسبة الاصابة بفيروس نظير الانفلونزا بانواعه الاربعة (hPIV_1,2,3 and 4) 44% ( اي 22 من 50) تضمنت الدراسة استخدام المجهر الالكتروني النفاذ لرؤية جزيئة فيروس نظير الانفلونزا في افرازات الاذن . اظهرت نتائج التشخيص البكتيري ان نسبة الاصابة بالمسبحيات القيحية هي 14%(7 من 50) بعد زرعها على وسط اكار الدم وحضنت لمدة 24 ساعة بدرجة 37 وتم فحصها بواسط المجهر الضوئي بعد تصبيغها بصبغة كرام , تم التشخيص بواسطة استخدام فحص Bacitracin sensitivity وفحص انتاج انزيم الهيمولايسين على وسط الدم بواسطة فحوصات الكيموحيوية وفحص Vitek 2 systemاظهر التشخيص الجزيئي للكشف عن وجود mga جين ان جميع العزلات تحتوي على هذا الجين اي نسبة 100% .كما اظهرت الدراسة ان نسبة وجود الفيروس مع البكتريا في في سوائل الاذن بنسبة (16%)( . 4 وكانت نسبة وجود الفيروس (72%) 18وشملت الدراسة ايضا فحص الحركيات الخلوية بواسطة فحص الامتصاصية المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم واظهرت النتائج ارتفاع مستوى السايتوكينات في مصل مرضى التهاب الاذن الوسطى مقارنة مع الاشخاص الاصحاء وكان اعلى مستوى لانترليوكين 6 في امصال مجموعة المرضى المصابين بفيروس نظير الانفلونزا للذكور والاناث هو) 88.24 )و (100.95) 1Pg/ml على التوالي . في حين كان اعلى مستوى لعامل النخر الورمي نوع الفا في امصال مجموعة المرضى المصابين بفيروس نظير الانفلونزا للذكور والاناث هو (99.35 ) و(109.81 ) Pg/ml على التوالي. وكان اعلى تركيز لانترفيرون الفا في امصال مجموعة المرضى المصابين بفيروس نظير الانفلونزا للذكور والاناث هو( 217.16) و(( 197.84 Pg/ml على التوالي . واظهرت النتائج ان تركيز الواسمين المناعيين CD8 وCD56 ان تركيزهما اعلى في مصل مرضى التهاب الاذن الوسطى مقارنة مع الاشخاص الاصحاء , اظهرت النتائج ان تركيز CD8 في امصال مجموعة المرضى المصابين بفيروس نظير الانفلونزا للذكور والاناث هو ((11.46±1.49 و(14.76±1.73) ng/ml على التوالي . في حين كان تركيز CD65 في امصال مجموعة المرضى المصابين بفيروس نظير الانفلونزا للذكور والاناث هو (12.82±1.62 )و (10.59±1.19) ng/ml على التوالي | This study aimed to detect the role of of parainfluenza virus and Streptococcus pyogenes in children suffering from suppurative otitis media. A total of two hundred sample (three swab for each patients include ear swabs , nasopharyngeal secretion for viral study and ear swab for bacterial study and 50blood sample) , were collected from 50 patients suffering from suppurative otitis media attending to AL - Hilla Teaching Hospital in Babylon - Iraq during the period from February 2016 to May 2016. The study includes 35 samples obtained from healthy subject as control group that classified to six group according to age in similar way of patient's with parainfluenza virus infection group years old The study includes four main parts .First one is the viral diagnosis based on relied diagnostic procedure ( Primary detection of parainfluenza virus in ear discharge by direct Immunofluorescence for parainfluenza virus 1, 2 and 3 types, molecular diagnosis by Real - Time PCR technique for the qualitative detection and differentiation of Parainfluenza Virus 1, 2, 3, 4 and diagnosis of parainfluenza virus by transmission electron microscope. The second part includes the bacterial diagnostic based on relied diagnosis procedure (using conventional biochemical reaction and commercial kit (Vitek 2 system). The heamolysis on blood agar was also observed in all isolates. Molecular detection of mga virulence gene for Streptococcus pyogenes was detected using conventional PCR technique. The third part is Co - infection between GAS and HPIV in OM specimens of children with suppurative OM. The fourth part is an immunological study to investigate the role of cytokines (IL - 6, TNF - α, IFN - α, CD8 and CD56) in HPIV infection by ELISA assay . Direct immunofluorescence for parainfluenza virus 1, 2 and 3 types antigen was positive in 64% (32 out of 50) , when we use Real - time reverse transcription PCR(RT - PCR) the percent of children infection with HPIV1, 2, 3, and 4 was 44% (22 out of 50). The study also include the use of transmission electron microscope for visualized the parainfluenza virus particle in ear swab. Streptococcus pyogenes isolates was detected in 14%(7 from 50) the isolate were confirmed after culturing on the blood agar and incubated for 24 hour at 37ºC, then microscopically by Grams̕̕ staining. Identification was done using commercially prepared bacitracin and the type of hemolysis on blood agar by primary biochemical test and confirmatory identification by vitek2 system compact. Molecular Identification of mga gene for Streptococcus pyogene showed that all Streptococcus pyogenes positive result 100%. The occurrence of Bacterial and viral co - infection in middle ear fluids which have been observed in 16% (4 out of 50 cases). HPIV was identified as a single agent in ear swab in 72%(18 out of 50). The study include estimation of some immunological parameter include (IL - 6, TNF - α, IFN - α , CD8 and CD56 ) using ELISA and revealed elevation the concentration of cytokines in sera of otitis media patients in comparison with healthy control groups. The concentration of IL - 6 is higher in sera of otitis media patients with parainfluenza virus than healthy control group. The high level of IL - 6 Pg/ml in otitis media patients for male and female was (88.24) and (100.91) Pg/ml respectively. Also level of TNF - α Pg/ml in otitis media patients for male and female was (99.3) and (109.8) Pg/ml respectively . The level of IFN - α Pg/ml in otitis media patients for male and female was (217.16 )and (197.84 )Pg/ml respectively. The results also show elevation concentration of CD8 and CD56 in sera of otitis media patients with parainfluenza virus than healthy control group. For CD8 ng/ml in otitis media patients for male and female was(11.46) and (14.76)ng/ml respectively. The level of CD56 ng/ml in otitis media patients for male and female was (12.82) and (10.59)ng/ml. respectively.

الكشف عن اللولبية البوابية في خزعة المعدة ودراسة مستوى P53 وطفرات مورثة Bax المرتبطة بالقرحة الهضمية == Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsy and Study the Level of P53 and Bax Gene Mutations Associated With Peptic Ulcer

اسم المؤلف: اصيل هاشم راضي السعبري
اسم المشرف: محمد صبري عبد الرزاق السعيد | مشتاق عبد العظيم وتوت
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اللولبية البوابية هي بكتريا سالبة لصبغة كرام, الذي تصيب غالبية سكان العالم وتسبب امراض مختلفة مثل التهاب المعدة المزمن, القرحة الهضمية وسرطان المعدة. في حين ان غالبية الناس المصابين بالبكتريا اللولبية لا تظهر عليهم اعراض مرضية. ان العوامل الرئيسية التي تحدد تطور الامراض ذات الصلة بالبكتريا اللولبية قد تكون ضراوة البكتريا, وعوامل المضيف الوراثية والبيئية.الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو الكشف عن اللولبية البوابية في انسجة المعدة ودراسة عوامل الضراوة الرئيسية لهذا الممرض والعوامل الوراثية للمضيف في المرضى الذين يعانون من اعراض اصابات المعدة والاثني عشري. وتشمل الطرق الجزيئية ايضا تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة (PCR) للكشف عن جينات التشخيص والضراوة لبكتريا اللولبية البوابية وتقنية (SSCP) تم القيام بها للكشف عن الطفرات الجينية ل P53 وال Bax جين التي قد تترافق مع عدوى اللولبية البوابية.بلغ العدد الكلي للنماذج (الخزعات) المعوية 180 نموذج. فقط 92 خزعة معدة (51 ٪) اعطى نتيجة ايجابية لللوليبيات البوابية (Helicobacter pylori ) للتشخيص بواسطة التقنية الجزيئية, مع ذلك من بين هذه النتائج الايجابية 60% منها اعطى نتيجة ايجابية للزراع, التي تعتمد على الميزات الكيميائية الحيوية. كما تم اخذ 100 عينة مصل الدم من افراد اصحاء مع عدم وجود تاريخ عدوى بالبكتريا اللولبية كمجموعة سيطرة ونتائج اختبار الاجسام المضادة على اساس (اختبار المصلية) اعطت نتائج سلبية للبكتريا اللولبية.قد تم ملاحظة وجود تكرار عالي للولبية البوابية بالتهاب المعدة المزمن الذي يشكل 88٪ بينما التكرار القليل كان مقداره 3٫3٪ لسرطان المعدة في حين ان 8٫7٪ كان لقرحة الاثنى عشري. وقد كان التكرار العالي لعدوى اللولبية البوابية بين المصابين الذكور اكثر من الاناث, ويعود سبب ذلك لعدة عوامل مثل (متوسط العمر الاجتماعي والاقتصادي ونقص التغذية وسوء النظافة) ويعتبر التدخين احد العوامل الاضافية المرتبطة مع انتشار عدوى (اللولبية البوابية ) بسبب السلوكيات غير الصحية المرافقة للتدخين , والتي قد تشمل نقل البكتيريا من خلال اللعاب بين المدخنين. من جهة اخرى اظهرت النتائج ان معدل العدوى العالي للمجموعة العمرية (31 - 50) سنة الذي تم تسجيله كان 44٫6٪. علاوة على ذلك فان الكشف عن اللولبية البوابية بتقنية سلسلة تفاعل البلمرة PCR)) قد اجريت على جميع انواع خزعات المعدة وجين (ure C ) اضافة الى جين (ure A ) اللذان يستخدمان كعلامات للتشخيص التاكيدي للولبية البوابية من خلال استخدام (primers ) خاص لتقنية PCR. وضحت النتائج ان 84٫8٪ و73٫9٪ للولبية البوابية كانت ايجابية لكلا الجينين. للعينات التي اعطت نتائج ايجابية (للتضاعف الجيني amplification ) بواسطة (PCR ), كان 56 عينة ما يمثل (60٪) قد اعطت استجابة لنتائج الزرع. اضافة الى التضاعف بواسطة PCR لعلامات جين (ure C ) وجين (ure A ). اضافة الى ذلك ,المعدل الايجابي للولبية البوابية للخزعات تحت الاختبار كان 51٪ بالاعتماد على الكشف الجزيئي المباشر بواسطة (PCR) باستخدام جين (ure A) وجين (ure C ). علاوة على ذلك, تم فحص جين (cag A) لكل عينات اللولبية البوابية التي تم عزلها. اشارت النتائج الى ان65 عزلة (70٫6٪) كانت ايجابية لتضاعف (PCR ) للجين من نوع cagA) ) حيث ان عزلة 56 (60٫8٪) كانت ايجابية لتضخيم (PCR ) للجين من نوع (cag E ). من بين النتائج الايجابية التي تم عزلها 49 عزلة (53٫3٪) كانت قد اعطت نتائج ايجابية للجين من نوع (cag A ). كذلك وجد تكرار الجين (vac A ) مقداره في الدراسة الحالية 68٫5٪ (63/92). اضافة الى كل اللولبيات البوابية الايجابية لخزعة المعدة 49 (53٫3٪) اظهرت اشارة كاملة للجينات نوع (cagA, cagE وvacA (. بالنسبة للعينات المعدية المتبقية 27 عينة (30٫4٪) التي تحوي سلالات سلبية كانت سلبية للجين (cag E). وقد تم تحديد طفرات جين (p53) في الاكسونات 5 و6و 7 و8 باستخدام طريقة SSCP. ومع ذلك تم استخدام PCR لتضخيم الاكسونات 5 و6 و7 و8 للجين (p53) التي من المعروف انها بقع ساخنة طافرة .تحليل PCR - SSCP يكشف تعديلات في الجين (p53) في عدة اكسونات. حيث ان ستة عشر من التعديلات في الاكسون E5A , سبعة عشر التعديلات في الاكسون E5B6A, وكذلك سبعة عشر التعديلات في الاكسون E7 وتعديل واحد فقط في الاكسون E6B لكن لم يظهرتعديل في الاكسون E8 في الجين (p53). بنفس الاسلوب ان تحليل PCR - SSCP كشف عن تعديلات في جين bax في الاكسونات E1 وE4 وE6. ويظهر ذلك في الاشكال. فيما يخص الاكسون 1 في bax يمكن ملاحظة وجود 6 نماذج فقط تعطي طفرات موضع ايجابية للجين. قد يعزى ذلك الى اللولبية البوابية التي تحفز طفرة bax من خلال قابليتها على انتاج بروتين cag A الذي له القابلية على تغيير التسلسل الجيني والوظيفة. واستنتجنا الى ان التشخيص الجزيئي قدم دليلا توكيديا على وجود اللولبية البوابية في عينات المعدة. ايضا قد تؤثر السلالات الاكثر ضراوة على تحفيز طفرات جينية في جينات ال p53 وال bax. | Helicobacter pylori is a gram - negative bacteria which infects a majority of the world population. It causes various diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. While majority of the people infected with H. pylori is asymptomatic. The main factors, which determine the development of H. pylori related diseases might be bacterial virulence, host genetic and environmental factors.The aim of this study is detection of H. pylori in gastric tissue and study the main virulence factors of this pathogen and host genetic factors in patients with gasteroduodenal manifestation. Molecular methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis and virulence genes of H. pylori and single strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) technique was done to detect the p53 and bax genes mutation may be associated with H. pylori infection. In this study, 180 patient were included, only 92 gastric biopsies (51%) gave positive for the presence of H. pylori diagnosed by direct molecular technique. Among these positive result, 60% gave positive results in cultivation based on biochemical features. In addition, 100 serum samples were taken from healthy individuals, with no history of H. pylori infection as a control group and the results of antibody based test (serological test) were negative for H. pylori.In this study, the high frequencies of H. pylori were observed for chronic gastritis, which constituted 88% while low frequencies were 3.3% for gastric cancer, whereas 8.7% for duodenal ulcer.Also, the highest frequencies of H. pylori infection were found in male patients in comparison to female. On the other hand, the results showed that the high significant infection percentage 44.6%, among age group ranging from 31 - 50 years. Moreover, detection of H. pylori by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is performed on all gastric biopsy. ure C as well as ure A genes are used as markers for confirmatory diagnosis of H. pylori through using specific primers of PCR technique. The results show that 84.8% and 73.9% of H. pylori are positive for both genes, respectively. Among samples with positive result for PCR amplification, 56 samples (60%) also had positive culture result. Besides, the PCR amplification of ureC and ureA markers. Also, the rate of positive H. pylori in the tested biopsies was 51% depending on direct molecular detection by PCR using the ureA and the ure C genes.In addition, cag A gene is investigated in all H. pylori isolates. The results show that 65 isolates (70.6%) are positive for PCR amplification of cagA gene whereas 56 isolates (60.8%) are positive for PCR amplification of cag E gene. Among of these positive isolates, 49 isolates (53.3%) give positive result for cag A gene. The frequency of the vacA gene found in the present study is 68.5% (63/92).Furthermore, among of all H. pylori positive gastric biopsy, 49 (53.3%) reveal full signals of cagA, cagE, and vacA. The remaining 27 (30.4%) gastric biopsies, harboring cagA - negative strains, are PCR negative for cagE.Mutations of the p53 gene in exons (5,6,7 and 8) are identified by PCR - SSCP method. However, PCR is used to amplify exons 5,6,7 and 8 of p53 gene which are known to be mutational hot spots. PCR - SSCP analysis has detected alterations in the p53 gene in several exons. Where sixteen alterations in exon E5A, nineteen alterations in exon E5B6A, seventeen alterations in exon E7 and only two in exon E6B but no alteration is seen in exon E8 of P53 gene.In the same way, PCR - SSCP analysis detected alterations in Bax gene where only 17% of positive samples gave alteration in the sequence of Bax gene in exons E1, E4 and E6. Regarding exon 1 of Bax gene, it was seen that only 6 samples gave positive gene locus mutation. It conclude that the molecular diagnosis gave an evidence and confirmatory guide on the existence of H. pylori in gastric samples. Also the more virulent strain may be affected on the stimulation of p53 and bax genes mutation.

دراسة بكتريولوجية وجزيئية لبكتريا Proteus mirabilis معزولة من عينات مختلفة == Bacteriological and Molecular Study of Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Different Clinical Samples

اسم المؤلف: ختام فاضل عباس
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم الخفاجي | ميساء صالح الشكري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تلخصت هذه الدراسة بجمع وتشخيص P. mirabilis حيث عزلت وشخصت سبعة عشر عزلة (12.6%) عائدة الى بكتريا P. mirabilis من 135 عينة جمعت من مصادر مختلفة من المرضى المراجعين الى مستشفى الحلة الجراحي خلال الفترة من (تشرين الاول 2014 الى شباط 2015). عدد ونسبة العزلات التي تم الحصول عليها من مرضى المجاري البولية 11(64%)و التهاب الاذن 3(17%) . بالاضافة الى ذلك نسبة العزلات التي تم الحصول عليها من مرضى الاسهال والجروح والتهابات المهبل من كل حالة 1(5.9%). العزلات التي تم الحصول عليهزارعت في اوساط خاصة وشخصت بايوكيميائيا وبكتريولوجيا.من خلال التحري عن بعض عوامل الضراوة وجد ان جميع العزلات (100%) قادرة على انتاج الهيمولايسين ، اليورييز، البروتسين وظاهرة الانثيال. تم الكشف على انتاج البيتالاكتميزلجميع العزلات المقاومة لمضادات البيتا لاكتام بحسب طريقة Rapid Iodiometric وبينت نتائج الدراسة ان16(94.1%) من العزلات منتجة للبيتالاكتميز. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة قابلية جميع العزلات على مقاومة بعض المضادات الحياتية فقد بينت النتائج بان كل العزلات كانت مقاومة كليا 17(100%) الى Imipenem كما ان اغلب العزلات كانت حساسة الى Ertapenem حيث ان نسبة المقاومة فقط 3(17.6%). علاوة على ذلك مقاومة العزلات لمختلف المضادات الحياتية فحصت وظهرت ان العزلات مقاومة بنسب مختلفة 14(82.3%) منهم اعطت مقاومة الى Amoxicillin وCefotaxime , 9 (52.9%) منهم اعطت مقاومة الى Amoxiclave, 11(64.7 %) منهم اعطت مقاومة الى Ceftriaxone و4(23.5%) منهم اعطت مقاومة الى Cefepime Clavulanic acid.لجينات المشفرة عوامل الضراوة لبكتريا P. mirabilis كشفت باستخدام تقنية تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل PCR)). ظهرت النتائج ان كل عزلات البكتريا اعطت نتيجة موجبة للجين rsbA, luxS, pm1, mrpA ,ureC مع عدد ونسبة ,(53%)9 7(41%), 8(47%),,(35%)6 ,(18%)3 بالتعاقب. | This study is devoted to isolation and identification of Proteus mirabilis; 17 isolates of P. mirabilis have been isolated and identified out of one hundred thirty five clinical specimens obtained from patients attending to Hilla teaching Hospital during a period from October 2014 to February 2015. The number and percentage of isolates obtained from patients with urinary tract infections was 11(64.7%), and ear infection 3(17.6%). Other isolates obtained from patients with diarrhea, wound and vaginal infection that each case has percentage 1(5.9%). The isolates obtained have been cultured in selective media and biochemically assay. Some virulence factors of all isolates are studied, and the results showed that all bacterial isolates 17(100%) produced hemolysin, urease, Bacteriocin (proticin) and swarming. The detection of β - lactamase production is performed according to Rapid Iodometric Method and the result is shown that 16(94.1%) of isolate produced beta - lactamase. Antibiogram of P. mirabilis isolates has been studied and it has been found that all isolates were entirely resistant to Imipenem 17(100%), while most of the P. mirabilis isolates were sensitive to Ertapenem so the resistant only 3(17.6%). Furthermore, the resistance of isolates to a variety of antibiotics has been investigated and found that these isolates have been resistant to more than one antibiotic : 14(82.3%) to Amoxicillin and Cefotaxime, also 9(52.9%) of them were resistant to Amoxiclave, 11(64.7%) of them were resistant to Ceftriaxone and 4(23.5%) of them were resistant to Cefepime Clavulanic acid. Virulence factors encoding genes of P. mirabilis is detected by using polymerase chain reaction PCR. It is found that all bacterial isolates gave positive result for ureC, mrpA, pm1, luxS and rsbA with number and percentage 3(18%), 6(35%), 7(41%), 8(47%), 9(53%) respectively

دراسة النمط المناعي وقابلية الاصابة بالعدوى الميكروبية لدى ذوي السمنة البالغين == Study The Immune Profile & Susceptibility to Some Microbial Infections in Obese Adults

اسم المؤلف: فؤاد قاسم جبير الزيادي
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد كاظم حسن السعدي | هديل فاضل فرهود
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى توضيح العلاقة بين البالغين الذين يعانون من السمنة والتعرض للعدوى الميكروبية من خلال تقدير المعايير المناعية مثل (IFN - γ & IL - 2)، عناصرcomplement system (C3, C4) , وقياس فعالية الخلايا المناعية الالتهامية من خلال الكشف عن الاصابة بـ Streptococcus pyogenes وMeasles virus. انجز هذا العمل على 50 شخصا من ذوي السمنة البالغين (11 ذكرا و39 انثى) تتراوح اعمارهم من (20 - 60) عاما قاموا بزيارة قسم التغذية في مستشفى مرجان التعليمي في محافظة بابل خلال الفترة من نوفمبر 2014 الى يناير 2015، و30 شخصا اخرين اصحاء لا يعانون من السمنة (21 ذكور و9 اناث) تتراوح اعمارهم من (22 - 42( عاما. وتم قياس مؤشر كتلة الجسم (BMI) لكل فرد من ذوي السمنة والاصحاء. تم جمع عينات الدم من كلا المجموعتين لقياس فعالية الخلايا الالتهامية، والمعايير المناعية الاخرى مثل (IFN - γ & IL - 2)، وعناصر complement system (C3, C4), والكشف عن الاصابة بـ Streptococcus pyogenes وMeasles virus بطريقة الامتزاز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم. اظهرت النتائج ان تركيز (IL - 2) عند ذوي السمنة اقل بكثير وبشكل معنوي عن الذين لا يعانون من السمنة (P˂0.05) ، ولم يظهر تركيز IFN - γ)) في مجموعة ذوي السمنة انخفاضا معنويا (p>0.05) عن تركيزه عند الاصحاء. وكانت عناصر complement system (C3, C4)مرتفعة عند ذوي السمنة وبشكل عالي المعنوية (p˂0.001) عن مجموعة الاصحاء الذين لا يعانون من السمنة، ولكن فعالية الخلايا الالتهامية اظهرت انخفاضا عالي المعنوية (p˂0.001) عند مجموعة ذوي السمنة (6.1٪) مقارنة بمجموعة الاصحاء (10.6٪)، وزيادة تراكيز كل من ASO وanti - measles virus - IgG وبشكل عالي المعنوية (p˂0.001) عند ذوي السمنة مقارنة بالاصحاء | This study aimed to clarify the relationship between obese adults & susceptibility to microbial infections by evaluating the parameters of cytokines (IFN - γ & IL - 2), complement components (C3 & C4), and phagocytic index using of Anti - Streptococcus pyogenes Ab and Anti - Measles virus - IgG Ab as indicators of infections. This work was applied on 50 obese adults visited to the center of nutrition in Marjan hospital in Babylon province from November 2014 to January 2015, and 30 non - obese apparently healthy as controls. Obese adults consist of (11 males and 39 females) with age range 20 - 60 years, while 30 apparently health controls consist of (21 males and 9 females) with age range 22 - 50 years. Body mass index (BMI) for all subjects obese & controls was estimated. Blood samples were collected from obese group and control group to estimate phagocytic index, and ELISA test for cytokines (IFN - γ & IL - 2), complement components (C3 & C4), and detection of measles - IgG antibody and anti - streptolysin O antibody. IL - 2 concentration in obese adults was significantly lower than non - obese adults (p˂ 0.05), and no significant decreased (p>0.05) of IFN - γ in obese group, the complement components (C3 &C4) in obese adults were a highly significant than controls, but the phagocytic index showing there is a highly significant decreased (p˂0.001) in activity of neutrophils of obese adults (6.1%) compared to control group (10.6%), ASO and Anti - measles - IgG concentrations increased in obese adults with a highly significant (p˂0.001) as compared to controls. This findings can be concluded as that obese subjects have low levels of immune system and more susceptible to be infected with microbial infections

تقييم وتعريف المكورات المسبحية الطافرة والمتحولة اللثوية في مرضى تسوس الاسنان وامراض النسيج الداعم للاسنان == Evaluation and Identification of Streptococcus mutans and Entamoeba gingivalis in Patients with Periodontal Diseases and Dental Caries

اسم المؤلف: مؤيد نعمة مصلح الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: الهام عباس بنيان الساعدي | هيام خالص المسعودي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present was carried out during the period of November 2014 to April 2015 in Al - Hilla City. This study included 100 samples which were collected from patients at ages ranged between 4 to 75 years old whom were suffering from dental caries and periodontal diseases ; (50) samples were taken from patients infected with dental caries (23 male and 27 female) and (50) samples taken from patients with periodontal diseases (15 male and 35 female), who have submitted to a college of Dentistry in Babylon university and special center of Dentistry. Thirty samples were taken from apparently healthy persons and considered as control.The isolation and identification of S. mutans was performed by Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar as a selective medium and biochemical tests as well as API 20 strep, then investigated the virulence factors and show the effect of some antibiotics on bacterial isolates, and the identification of E. gingivalis parasite was by a wet preparation method.The obtained results showed that S. mutans was with a higher existence in patients with dental caries, with lower existence in the patients with periodontal diseases and it was found in healthy persons (30%, 18%, and 0%) respectively. Entamoeba gingivalis was higher in patients with periodontal diseases than patient with dental caries and less in healthy individuals (62%, 24%, and 6%) respectively. The presence of these microorganisms was related to the type of dental disease (p=0. 009), gender (p=0. 009), age (p=0. 008) and risk factors (diabetes, smoking and hypertension) (p=0.037).The effect of some antibiotics on S.mutans was also tested, and the obtained results showed that all isolates were with high resistance to Erythromycin (70.8%) and (66.7%) were resistant to Doxycycline. Some isolates showed low level of resistance to Vancomycin (54.2%), CefatoximeII(33.4%) and Clindamycin (25%), while these isolates were with high susceptibility to Chloramphenicol (100%) and Ofloxacin (83.4%).Finally, some virulence factors of S. mutans were studied and it was seen that the (62.5%) of S. mutans isolates produced α - hemolysis and (8.3%) produced β - hemolysis but (29.2%) of isolates non - hemolysis, but (58.3%) of isolates were made capsule and (100 %) were able to synthesize glucan, (83.3%) of S. mutans isolates were able to produce mutacin and (45.83%) of isolates were found to produce dextranase enzyme, while (84%) were able to biofilm formation .In addition, all isolates in this study were able to adhere to oral epithelial cells.

دراسة على المايكرومايكروبية الشائعة المعزوله من القناة الهضمية وبعض المعايير المناعية للمرضى الذين يعانون من مرض السكري النوع الثاني == A Study on Common Microbiaes isolated from Gastrointestinal and some Immunological Parameter in Patients with Type II Diabeties Mellitus

اسم المؤلف: شذى خزعل كاظم الوائلي
اسم المشرف: هيام خالص المسعودي | علي حسين البياتي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: المرضى الذين يعانون من من داء السكري النوع الثاني هم مجموعة غير متجانسة من الاضطرابات التي تتميز بمقاومة الانسولين الواسعة للانسجة ويختلف على نطاق واسع. داء السكري من النوع الثاني هي حتى الان الاكثر شيوعا. تضمنت الدراسة (100) مريض مصاب بالسكري النوع الثاني مشخص من قبل اطباء متخصصين بالسكري و(50) شخص من الناس الاصحاء وفي الفئه العمرية (25 - 65) سنة الوافدين الى مستشفيات في بابل (القاسم ومرجان) خلال الفترة من كانون الثاني 2015 حتى حزيران 2015.واظهرت النتائج ان البكتريا السالبه لصبغة كرام من مجموع العزلات هي السائدة مقارنة مع البكتريا الموجبه لصبغة كرام تشكل 26٪ وشكلت العزلات البكتيرية E.coli الاكثر شيوعا كانت يتبعها Enterobacter spp., K.Pneumoniae, Proteus spp., والبكتريا الاقل شيوعا كانتS.aureus, S.epidermidis, Citrobacter, Micrococcus Kocuria kristinae وStreptococcus spp,في حين ان الطفيليات الاكثر شيوعا كانت E.histolyticaبنسبة 55% وGiardia lambliaبنسبة 45% . تم دراسة عوامل الضراوة للبكتريا الشائعه المعزولة من مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني في هذه الدراسة. وكانت عزلات K.pneumoniae وعزلات Enterobacter وبعض عزلات E.coli تعطي الكبسول بينما بكتيريا Proteus spp. المعزوله في هذه الدراسة لم تمتلك الكبسولة. تم الكشف عن عامل الاستعمار CF - I وIII في العزلات البكتيرية فكانت ايجابيه في البكتريا الاكثر شيوعا وكانت جميع عزلات بكتيريا المكورات العنقودية الذهبية قادرة على انتاج المخثرة التي يعتبر عامل الضراوه لامراضية هذه البكتيريا. وان كل عزلات المكورات العنقودية الذهبية والاشريكية القولونية اظهرت تحللا كاملا (lyses كاملة) β - الانحلالي، في حين ان جميع عزلات المكورات العقدية نمط (lyses غير مكتملة) α - الانحلالي حيث اظهرت خط مخضر حول المستعمرات البكتيرية. وكانت جميع عزلات S.epidermidis وبعض العزلات من Proteus spp. (غير الحالة للدم) γ - الحالة للدم. في هذه الدراسة تم التحري عن sidrophore بين العزلات البكتيرية واظهرت النتائج ان جميع العزلات البكتيرية (E. coli K.Pneumoniae,)، ومعظمها من عزلات E. aerogenes و.Proteus spp كانوا قادرين على صنع sidrophore. وكانت بعض العزلات من. Proteus spp وEnterobacter ايجابية لتفاعل الجيلاتيناز، في حين ان جميع العزلات من Klebseilla واكثر عزلات E.coli سالبة لهذا العامل. واظهرت نتائج اختبار انتاج ال lipase في سالبة الجرام ان معظم العزلات ايجابية لاختبار lipase. وكشفت النتائج ان جميع العزلات كانت موجبه Biofilm وضع تشكيل (50٪)، في حين لا يوجد عزلات سالبه له. وفيما يتعلق بعوامل الضراوة الشائعة للبكتيريا المعزولة من عدم وجود مرض السكري وعوامل الضراوة فكانت نادرة. وكانت نتائج المتغيرات المناعية (C3، C4، Ig A، IL4، وIL6) للمرضى السكري في الدراسة, قد انخفضت مستويات C3، IgA، IL4، وIL6 للمرضى السكري ، في حين مستوى C4 قد ارتفع. من خلال نتائج هذه الدراسة، يمكن ان نستنتج؛ ان انواع البكتيريا التي عزلت من مرض السكري من النوع الثاني هي التالية E.coli تليها K. Pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp, Micrococcus, Citrobacter S.epidermidis, kocuria kristinae, S.aureus , and Streptococcus spp. والطفيليات هي الاميبا الحاله للنسيج ثم الجيارديا اللامبيليا | In this study include (100) diabetic type (II) patients as diagnosed by Diabetolegist and 50 healthy control with an age range of (25 - 65 years) who attended to the two hospitals in Babylon : (Al - Qasem and Marjan), during the period from January 2015 until June 2015. Shown that grams - negative bacteria constitutes 74% from the total isolates and were considered the predominant aetiological agent of DM compared to gram - positive bacteria which constitutes 26%. The most common bacterial isolates were E.coli followed by Klebsella Pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp, Proteus spp, and less common bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Kocuria kristinae, Citrobacter, Micrococcus and Streptococcus spp, whereas the most common parasites were Entamoeba histolytica 55% and Giardia lamblia 45%.The virulence factors of common bacterial isolated from diabetes Mellitus type II in this study are studied. The capsule was present in all Klebsella pneumoniae isolates, Enterobacter isolates and some isolates of E.coli, whereas the other bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis isolates in this study does not possess the capsule. Colonization factor antigens were detected; The CF - I and III were detected in mostly bacterial isolates which showed positive results with these factors. All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were able to produce coagulase which is considered as a virulence factor for pathogenicity of these bacteria. All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli expressed β - hemolytic (complete lyses), while all isolates of Streptococcus were α - hemolytic pattern (incomplete lyses) showing a greenish line around the bacterial colonies. All isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and some isolates of Proteus spp. were γ - hemolytic (non hemolytic). In the present study the siderophore synthesis was investigated among bacterial isolates and the results showed that all bacterial isolates (E. coli and K. pneumonia), and mostly of isolates of Enterobacter spp. and Proteus spp. were able to synthesis siderophore. Some isolates of Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter spp. were positive for gelatinase reaction, while all isolates of Klebseilla pneumoniae and mostely E.coli were negative for this factor. The results of lipase production test in G - ve showed that most isolates were positive to lipase production test. The results revealed that all isolates were biofilm former, high and moderate biofilm formation mode were account for (50%) while there is no isolates that express non - biofilm formation. Regarding the virulence factors of common bacterial isolated of non - diabetes Mellitus have rare virulence factors.The results of Immunological parameters (C3, C4, IgA, IL4, and IL6) for DM patients were studied. In this study the levels of C3, IgA, IL4, and IL6 for DM patients were decreased, whereas the level of C4 was increased. In light of the results documented in this study, we can conclude the following; the types of bacteria which isolated from diabetes mellitus type II from the most to least common are E.coli followed by K. Pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., S.aureus, S.epidermidis, kocuria kristinae, Citrobacter, Micrococcus, and Streptococcus spp. And parasite : Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia isolated from diabetes mellitus type II. Most bacterial isolates in this study have the ability to possess more than one virulence factor such as capsule, siderophors, lipase production, hemolysin, extracellular protease, adherence factors, and biofilms to produce infection in diabetes mellitus type II patients. The virulence factors of common bacterial isolated in non - diabetes mellitus have rare virulence factor. The levels of Immunological parameters of C3, IgA, IL4, and IL6 for DM patients were decreased, whereas the level of C4 was increased.

دراسة جزيئية وبكتريولوجية لبكتريا Porphyromonas gingivalis المعزوله من المرضى المصابين بامراض اللثه == Molecular and Bacteriological Study of Porphyromonas gingivalis Isolated from Patients with Periodontitis

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة مالك عبود
اسم المشرف: محمد صبري عبد الرزاق السعيد | الهام عباس بنيان
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم جمع 103عينة من الصفيحة الجرثومية العميقة (subgingival dental plaque) من المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب اللثة المزمن والمتقدم (72, 31) على التوالي لمراجي العيادة الاستشارية لامراض اللثة في كلية طب الاسنان/ جامعة بابل والمركز التخصصي لطب الاسنان في مدينة الحلة. للفترة من كانون الاول 2013 الى حزيران 2014. تم تشخيص وعزل بكتريا P. gingivalis بطرق مختلفة منها استخدام الطرق البكتيرية التقليدية واظهرت النتائج ان 69.5%) 16) منها تم عزلها من التهاب اللثة المزمن وتم عزل 7 (30.5) من التهاب اللثة المتقدم باستخدام التنمية على الوسط الانتقائي الخاص لهذه البكتريا. وكذلك تم استخدام طريقة التشخيص الجزيئي باستعمال المعلم الوراثي المستند على دور جين 16s rRNA حيث اظهر ان12 عزلة من اصل 23 عزلة تم تشخيصها بشكل نهائي انها تعود لبكتريا P. gingivalis. منها حوالي 8 تعود الى التهاب اللثة المزمن و4 تعود الى التهاب اللثة المتقدم. بالاضافة الى ذلك, تم التحري عن قابلية هذه البكتريا للالتصاق(adherence ability) بالخلايا الطلائية المبطنة للفم حيث وجد ان جميع العزلات لها القابلية على الالتصاق بهذه الخلايا وتم ايضا اختبار قابليتها على انتاج انزيم (Gingpain) ووجد ان جميع العزلات منتجة الى هذا الانزيم.في هذه الدراسة تم التحري المظهري عن عملية تكوين الاغشية الحيوية(Biofilm formation) للعزلات المدروسة باستخدام فحص tissue culture plate test (TCP) اذ كانت مكونة للاغشية الحيوية بنسبة 100% وكذلك تم فحص تاثير بعض المواد المستخدمة في طب الاسنان على انتاج biofilm ووجد ان اعلى تثبيط سجل للكلورهكسدين (غسول الفم) والشب (Alum)ويليه تاثير Clove مقارنة باقل تاثير لمادة السعد ((Cyprus rotundus. وكذلك تم الكشف عن حساسية العزلات لبعض المضادات الحيوية ووجد بان كل العزلات كانت حساسة الى Co - amoxiclave وعلى العكس اغلب العزلات تظهر مقاومة عالية لل Amoxicillin بينما سجلت مقاومة قليلة جدا لل Ampicillinو Metronidazole(16.3%, 20.3%, ) على التوالي. واخيرا تم فحص تاثير بعض المواد المستخدمة في طب الاسنان على تثبيط نمو هذه البكتريا وتوضح النتائج ان اعلى تاثير سجل للكلورهكسدين (غسول الفم) والشب (Alum)ويليه تاثير القرنفل(Clove) mm) 25,30,40) على التوالي مقارنة باقل تاثير لمادة السعدC. rotundus (10mm) .في هذه الدراسة ايضا تم التحري عن التغاير الجيني ((TLR - 4 Polymorphisms باستخدام تقنية البلمرة والقطع بالانزيم ((PCR - RFLP. وتبين من النتائج وجود ثلاث انماط جينية في موقع طفرة Thr399Ile : CC وCT وTT ، اذ بلغت نسبة انتشارها ((12.5%,10%,77.5% في مجموعة المرضى على التوالي بينما هناك فقط نمطين في مجموعة السيطرة TT,CCوبنسبة انتشار(36.6% ,63.4%) على التوالي ، فيما بلغت نسبة انتشار الاليلC السائد في المرضى 82.5 % بالمقارنة للسيطرة 63.3% مع وجود اختلاف معنوي. وفي المقابل سجل وجود ثلاث انماط جينية في موقع طفرة Asp299Gly : AA وAG وGG وبنسبة انتشار % 67.5 و12.5% و20% في مجموعة المرضى على التوالي بينما هناك فقط نمطين في مجموعة السيطرة GG, AA وبنسبة انتشار34.4%) 66.6%,) على التوالي. حيث سجلت نسبة انتشار الاليل A السائد (73.75%) في مجموعة المرضى بالمقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة (66.6%) وبفرق معنوي. | In this study, 103 clinical samples were collected from subgingival dental plaque of patients with chronic (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AP) (72 and 31) respectively, and (n=30) a healthy group admitted to teaching Hospital in college of Dentistry / Babylon University and specialized center of Dentistry in Hilla city, From February 2013 to June 2014). Out of which (n=40) with a chronic periodontitis group from them blood sample were collected for detection of gene polymorphisms in Toll - like receptor - 4 (TLR - 4). These dental plaque samples were subjected to different methods for identification of P. gingivalis mainly traditional bacteriological method. It was found that 23 P. gingivalis isolates were recovered by using selective media where 19 isolates (26.3%) obtained from (CP) and 4 isolates (12.5%) from (AP). Furthermore, molecular detection method was applied by using 16s rRNA gene as a genetic marker for confirmation of detection of P. gingivalis isolates, 12 isolates of P.gingivalis out of 23were detected by molecular method focusing on the role of 16s rRNA gene of P. gingivalis. 8 isolates were isolated from CP, and 4 isolates were isolated from AP subgingival plaques. In addition, these 12 isolates were investigated to detect Adherence of P.gingivalis to oral epithelial cells. The result showed that all isolates have ability to adhere to oral epithelial cells. The study also detected the ability of this bacteria for production of Gingipain, it was found that all isolates were positive for this enzyme at a rate 100%.Furthermore, biofilm formation was tested in the semi quantitative microtiter plate test. The results revealed that all isolates were biofilm former, high and moderate biofilm formation mode were accounted for (50%) while there are no isolates that express non biofilm formation.Regarding to effect of Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate (0.12%) on biofilm formation, the results of this study demonstrated (CHX) effectively and reduced the viability of biofilm - forming bacteria from moderate to 25%, weak to 75% and no strong. The study was also evaluating the effect of some plant extracts on biofilm formation. The results showed the highest effect for Alum potassium phosphate followed by Clove, in contrast to lowest effect of C. rotundus. And after screening the effect of Flagyl solution on production of bacterial pigment. The results showed that the metronidazole produced the highest inhibition activity range (30 - 10mm). Furthermore, the susceptibility of isolates to a variety of antibiotics had been investigated and it had been found that all isolates were sensitive to co - amoxiclave and, in contrast, the isolates showed high resistance to other type of beta lactam such as amoxicillin (54.3%). In addition, the result showed that the resistance of p. gingivalis was very low for ampicillin and metronidazole (16.3% and 20.3%), respectively.The screening of antimicrobial activity of (CHX) gluconate (0.12%) was carried out and the results showed that it produced the highest inhibition activity whether against p. gingivalis with inhibition zone range 40 - 15mm. Finally in vitro antibacterial activity of Alum, Clove and Cyperus rotundus plant extracts was studied and the results revealed that all tested isolates were inhibited by aqueous extracts at 50% concentration. The maximum inhibition zone was observed in Alum and Clove extracts respectively (30mm, 25mm), compared to the minimum inhibition by Cyperus rotundus (10mm). The antibacterial actions of 20% concentration of plant extract gave lower inhibition zone than 50% concentration of that extract which represented by (19mm, 16mm, and 10 mm) of the previous three mentioned extracts. This study also aimed to investigate the association of Thr399Ile and Asp299Gly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the (TLR - 4) with the incidence of (CP).The results revealed at the site of SNPThr399Ile, there were three genotypes for this SNP among CP patients; CC, CT and TT with frequency of 77.5%, 10% and 12.5 % respectively, whereas, there were only two genotypes among control group; CC and TT with frequency of 63.4% and 36.6% respectively with no significance differences between patients and control. However, the frequency of allele C (dominant) was higher among CP group (82.5%) than control (63.3) with significant difference. The site of SNP of Asp299Gly also showed three genotypes among CP patients; AA, AG and GG with frequency of 67.5%, 12.5% and 20% respectively, whereas, there were only two genotypes among control group; AA and GG respectively with frequency of 66.6 and 34.4% respectively with no significance differences between patients and control. However, the frequency of allele A (dominant) was higher among CP group 73.75 % than control 66.6%.

دور السايتوكينات المعزولة من انسجة المشيمة المغذية للجنين لدى النساء مع الاجهاض التلقائي == The role of cytokines isolated from feto - placental tissues in women with spontaneous miscarriage

اسم المؤلف: ميسلون عبد الحميد ناصر
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة الحالية (172( امراة، تتراوح اعمارهم بين 16 - 41 عاما، من المرضى الذين قدموا الى مستشفى الولادة والاطفال في البصرة بسبب الاسقاط التلقائي غير الكامل في الشهور الثلاثة الاولى من الحمل ، بالاضافة الى النساء مع الحمل الطبيعي في وقت الولادة خلال الفترة من شباط 2012 الى ايار 2014 وتم تقسيمهن الى 3 مجموعات :  المجموعة - ا : وشملت )65) من النساء مع الاجهاض التلقائي المتكرر (RSM) خلال الاشهر الثلاثة الاولى، مع متوسط العمر (25.2 ± 7.28) سنة. المجموعة - ب : وشملت (36) من النساء مع الاسقاط التلقائي غير الكامل في الاشهر الثلاثة الاولى من الحمل ولها على الاقل ثلاثة مرات حمل طبيعي سابق (الاجهاض التلقائي غير المتكرر ( non - RSM بمتوسط من العمر (26.61 ± 6.97) سنة. المجموعة - ج : السيطرة (الحمل الطبيعي) : 71 امراة بمتوسط من العمر (26.17 ± 7.01) سنة. وتم الحصول على الدم الوريدي من المجاميع قيد الدراسة من اجل البحث عن المضاد المناعي م وج الخاص بمقوس قوندي , IgM ) IgG (. والتشخيص المصلي للاصابة بمقوسات قوندي يستخدم على نطاق واسع لفحص النساء الحوامل والمجهضات. كان معدل حدوث داء المقوسات (38.4٪) التي وجدت في 101 مجموعات الاجهاض التلقائي بواسطة فحص (ELISA). اظهرت عينتين (3.08٪) نتائج ايجابية المضاد المناعي (م). بينما كانت 24 (36.92٪) عينة ايجابية للمضاد المناعي (ج) لمقوس قوندي في مجموعات المرضى , بينما لم تسجل اصابة في 71 امراة من مجموعة السيطرة . غالبية النساء المصابة (50٪) في سن (30 - 39) سنة في حالة المضاد المناعي (ج)، في حين ان (10.26٪) في سن (20 - 29) سنة في حالة من المضاد المناعي (م).والنتائج كشفت عن ان اعلى نسبة للاجهاض التلقائي لوحظت في نساء الارياف . وفي الوقت نفسه، تم جمع نسيج الارومة المغذية للجنين خلال عملية الكشط والدم الوريدي للكشف وتقييم السيتوكينات المضادة للالتهابات (IL - 4، IL - 6، IL - 10) والسيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات (IL - 2،عامل نخر الورم - الفا TNF - α، - γ IFN) وقياس تركيزها باستخدام فحص انزيم مرتبط البلمرة المناعي ، تبين تركيز عال (49.97 ± 8.82، 180.7 ± 15.03، 94.34 ± 7.68) للسيتوكينات في الارومة المغذية للجنين (IL - 4، IL - 6، IL - 10 على التوالي) في حالة مجموعة السيطرة بالمقارنة مع مجموعات المرضى وتم الكشف عن نتيجة عكسية في مصل الدم ، في حين ان التراكيز عالية من السيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات (IL - 2، TNF - α، IFN - γ) كانت (134.17 ± 24.37، 432.16 ± 51.7، 100.46 ± 9.94 على التوالي) في حالة مجموعة الاجهاض التلقائي المتكررRSM)) بدلا من مجموعة السيطرة ومجموعة الاسقاط التلقائي غير المتكرر RSM - non مع وجود اختلافات معنوية كبير.p<0.001 وقد تبين في الدراسة الحالية وجود علاقة واضحة بين مناعة الامهات نوع TH2 والحمل الطبيعي، في حين يرتبط رد فعل جهاز المناعة نوع TH1 بفقدان الحمل. والتوازن الدقيق بين السيتوكينات الناتجة عن TH1 / TH2 ممكن ان يمنع خمج مقوسات قوندي . الذي يرتبط مع الانتاج الكبير من TH1 للسيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات.وعلاوة على ذلك نتائج حساب مستويات CD44، اظهر فرقا معنويا عاليا p<0.001 في حال مقارنة بين مجموعة السيطرة والمجموعتين من النساء المجهضات . وهكذا تم تسجيل ارتباط CD44 مع فعالية خلايا TH2 ؛ لذا فمن المرجح انه قد يكون هناك وجود علاقة بين الحمل الطبيعي وكثافة CD44 على سطح الخلية

دراسة لبعض الخصائص الوبائية والمصلية لاصابات الـBordetella perlussis في محافظة بابل

اسم المؤلف: عمار عباس شعلان
اسم المشرف: محمد عبود القرة غولي | يحيى الطفيلي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2005
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى وصف بعض الخصائص الوبائية للسعال الديكي في محافظة بابل وتقييم الاضداد المتخصصة للـ Bordetella pertussis IgG وIgA باستخدام تقنية الـ ELISA للتشخيص المختبري للسعال الديكي، هذا بالاضافة الى قياس الاستجابة المناعية الخلطية للقاح الثلاثي (DPT). جمعت عينات الدم من : 68 طفل مصاب بالسعال ديكي راقد في المستشفى (36 غير ملقح و32 ملقح) ، 103 من اشخاص اسوياء (49 شخصا ملقحا، 54 شخصا غير ملقح) و20 من العاملين بالخدمة الصحية في محافظة بابل. اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG وIgA تم قياسها بواسطة تقنية الـ ELISA لكل مجموعات الدراسة. التعداد الكلي والتفريقي للخلايا البيضاء اجري للـ68 مريض و20 من مجموعة السيطرة. اظهرت الدراسة ان اعلى مستوى حدوث للسعال الديكي لوحظ في المرضى اقل من عمر سنة (49% من مجموع الحالات). كانت نسبة الذكور للاناث 1.27 : 1. 71% من المرضى مقيمين في المناطق الريفية مقارنة بـ 29 % في المناطق الحظرية. 36 (53%) من المرضى كانوا غير ملقحين و26 (38%) كانوا ملقحين جزئيا، بينما 6 (9%) تلقوا تلقيحا كاملا (3 جرعات من اللقاح الثلاثي). لوحظت مضاعفات السعال الديكي في 88% من المرضى، والتي كانت بصورة رئيسية الاختناق (88%)، اختلاجات (26%)، ذات الرئة (29%)، والوفاة (4%). كما لوحظ ارتفاع في تعداد الخلايا البيضاء في 64% من المرضى وارتفاع في تعداد الخلايا اللمفاوية في 69% من المرضى. معظم الحالات سجلت خلال الفترة بين شهر نيسان وتموز. كانت الحساسية والتخصص التشخيصي لاضداد الـ Bordetella pertussis IgG في الاطفال غير الملقحين كانت 77% و100% على التوالي، في حين كانت الحساسية والتخصص التشخيصي لاضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG في الاطفال الملقحين 67%، 91% على التوالي. كانت الحساسية والتخصص التشخيصي لاضداد الـ Bordetella pertussis IgA في الاطفال غير الملقحين كانت 33% و100% على التوالي، في حين كانت الحساسية والتخصص التشخيصي لاضداد Bordetella pertussis IgA في الاطفال الملقحين 72%، 86% على التوالي. لوحظت افضل حساسية وتخصص تشخيصي في العيانات التي جمعت بعد اكثر من 21 يوما بعد ظهور اعراض السعال الديكي. تم الحصول على اعلى حساسية وتخصص تشخيصي (92، 82% على التوالي) باستعمال مستوى موجب لـ اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG او IgA. اظهرت الدراسة ان متوسط مستوى اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG في الاسوياء الملقحين كانت 56.41 U/ml (المدى 19.77 - 143.89 U/ml)، بينما بلغ متوسط اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG في الاسوياء غير الملقحين 29.33 U/ml (المدى 1.01 - 56.9 U/ml). كان متوسط مستوى اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgA في الاسوياء الملقحين كانت 9.05 U/ml (المدى 3.6 - 29.74 U/ml)، بينما بلغ متوسط اضداد Bordetella pertussis IgA في الاسوياء غير الملقحين 4.79 U/ml (المدى 3.05 - 7 U/ml). اظهرت الدراسة ان 10.7 % (11/103) من الاسوياء يظهرون مستوى موجب لاضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG او IgA، في حين اظهر 70% (14/20) من العاملين في الخدمة الصحية في هذه الدراسة مستوى موجب لاضداد Bordetella pertussis IgG او IgA | The aims of this study is to describe some of the epidemiological features of pertussis in Babylon Province in Iraq, and to evaluate the specific anti Bordetella pertussis IgG and IgA ELISA technique in the laboratory diagnosis of pertussis, and to determine the humoral immune response to DTP vaccine. Blood samples were obtained from the following groups : 68 (36 unvaccinated and 32 vaccinated)clinically diagnosed hospitalized pertussis patients, 103 normal healthy subject of similar age groups (49 vaccinated and 54 unvaccinated) and 20 healthcare workers in Babylon Province. The anti Bordetella pertussis IgG and IgA antibodies were tested by ELIZA technique in all study groups. The study shows that the highest incidence of pertussis was noticed in patients less than 1 year (49% of the total pertussis patients). The male to female ratio was 1.27 : 1. There were 71% of pertussis cases from rural area compared with 29% from urban area. 36 (53%) of the patients were unvaccinated and 26 (38%) of the patients were partially vaccinated, while only 6 (9%) are fully vaccinated (3 doses of DTP vaccine). Complications were noticed in (88%) of the patients; they are mainly apnea (88%), seizure (26%), pneumonia (29%), and death (4%). Most cases were noticed between March and July. The anti Bordetella pertussis IgG diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in unvaccinated subjects were 77%, 100% respectively; while in vaccinated subjects they were 67%, 91% respectively. The anti Bordetella pertussis IgA diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in unvaccinated subjects were 33%, 100% respectively, while in vaccinated subjects they were 72%, 86% respectively. The best diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was observed in samples collected after > 21 days of the onset of pertussis symptoms. The higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were obtained by using anti Bordetella pertussis IgG or IgA positive levels. The study shows that the anti Bordetella pertussis IgG mean level in DPT vaccinated normal subjects was 56.41 U/ml (range 19.77 - 143.89 U/ml), while it was 29.33 U/ml (range 1.01 - 56.9 U/ml) in unvaccinated subjects. The anti Bordetella pertussis IgA mean level in vaccinated normal subjects was 9.05 U/ml (range 3.6 - 29.74 U/ml), while it was 4.79 U/ml (range 3.05 - 7 U/ml) in unvaccinated subjects. There is 10.7% (11/103) of the normal subjects which have a positive anti Bordetella pertussis IgG or IgA levels. In addition, 70% (14/20) of the healthcare workers in this study have a positive anti Bordetella pertussis IgG or IgA levels.

تقويم فعالية الخميرة Candida albicans من المسح المهبلية للنساء في حيوية النطف واحداث العقم

اسم المؤلف: رقية يحيى عبد الشهيد الطفيمي
اسم المشرف: زيدان خليف عمران المعموري | فارس ناجي عبود الهادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aimed to identify some of the molecular dynamic qualities and the type of Candida albicans and determine its virulence factors using some of the phenotypic and molecular techniques and their impact on the semen and causing infertility.The collection of 173 swab of the vagina and the cervix was where 97 women from women with primary infertility, including 78 women with positive and 19 women with a scanning negative.kmaamlh control and 76 women with secondary infertility, including 49 with positive screening women and 27 women with a scanning negative.kmaamlh control, women who Rajan unit infertility in Babylon, a maternity hospital and children and private clinics in the province of Babylon.The use of agricultural methods to isolate and diagnose 127 isolation dating back to Candida vaginal as well as the use of CHROMO agar medium test and test tobacco Agar to distinguish between certain types of Candida, was detected on some virulence factors such as the composition of the Germ tube and spores Alclamadah and production of enzymes case of fat (Alphusfullaypez) and the formation of membrane It was vital to draw your DNA candidiasis and the use of PCR technique where the starters used by the general whiteners, especially for the purpose of diagnosis isolates of Candida albicans and genetic profiling of yeast Candida depending on the variation in the ITS region area. Showed isolate and diagnose types of eggs in women with infertility initial results of 48 women infected with C.albicans by (61.53%), while 30 women is infected Non - C.albicans by (38.46%) either in women with secondary infertility showed the 29 women infected with C.albicans by ((59.18% and 20 women is infected non - C.albican by (40.81%). the results showed the center CHROMO agar medium isolates of Candida species C.albicans was once a green color and isolates C.tropicalis with blue color and with C.krusei color pink and showed C.glabrata violet and C.parapsilosis that showed white.And C.albicans isolates showed C.albicans result is positive for the production of germ tube and spores Alclamadah as well as the center of tobacco Acar which they appear yeast C.albicans white colonies free of filamentous structures, a test of this kind without other types of Candidapositive test.. While the production of enzymes showed a case of fat test (Alphusfullaypez) as a result of the positive isolates C.albicans and C.krusei The results showed that the incidence of candidiasis in women with infertility first was more ratio than the unemployed in secondary infertility. It was the incidence of type C.albicans is the largest in all of the women with primary infertility and secondary infertility women initial rate of 61.53% and 59.18%, respectively, followed by injury type C.glabrata by 17.9% in women with infertility first and 18.36% in secondary infertility. Distributed cases of four age groups and was the highest rates (47.91% (in women with infertility and the first (55.17%) in the women's secondary infertility is located within the age group (30 - 21) years old. In the case of a period of infertility and distributed cases into three periods and was the highest rate of infection is the period (5.1), where the percentage (81.81%) in infertile women was less than the rate of infection is the period (15 - 11), where the ratio of (6.49%) in infertile women. The results showed that the rate of infection C.albicans were higher in women with and who not to say on treatment by (65.33%) of either women with and who took up treatment (53.84%). As well as the incidence is higher in women infertile is Mentzmat appeared menstrual cycle by (63.75%) The women infertile women with regular menstrual cycle and to have a lower rate (55.31%). The incidence of rural women by (67.56%) higher than the women of the city that are represented (58.49%).It was three concentrations preparation 3×107, 5× 107, 7×108cfu/ml of all isolated from C.albicans and raw leach ate Khmer and observe their effect on semen and then finding the value of MED50 effective dose)) concentrations C.albicans way to draw a dose - of responsiveness was found that the concentration curve (107× 5 cfu/ml) top influential focus on movement and Sperm Viability. It was the influence of the C.albicans test on semen Concentration 107× 5cfu/ml over time (after 30 - 60 minutes) and a leaky yeast and after the screening device Alkazh Computer aided sperm analysis (CASA) where he found the impact of the C.albicans on sperm movement, Rapid progressive (a), Slow progressive (b) and Sperm Viability (V) over time after the text of the clock and watch.The pair initiator year ITS4 - ITS5 in the diagnosis of all isolates representing the total isolates succeeded as a return to form of the genus Candida spp. Where the results of the polymerization 520 bp. The pair initiator Specialist in the diagnosis of Candida yeasts belonging to the type C.albicans and succeeded when he polymerization products 344bp, while the rest of the species is C.albicans did not show any polymerization products.Showed genetic profiling products for the ITS using a pair of initiator ITS3 - ITS4 where showed variation in the ITS region area for the pair in the public initiator profiling C.albicans under study

دراسة تاثير البروبايويك في تكوين الغشاء الحيوي وانتاج البروتيز لبكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من اخماج الحروق والجروح == Study The Effect of Probiotic On Biofilm Formation And Production Protease Enzyme By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Contaminated Burns And Wound

اسم المؤلف: علا عبد الكريم كاظم النعيمي
اسم المشرف: منيرة جلوب اسماعيل العبادي | ضيماء محمود ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: he study includes the collection of 70 burns and wound swabs from patients of different hospitals, in Baghdad area, for the period from November 2013 to February 2014. 2) 31 isolates characterized as Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9 (45%) from wound and 22 (78.57%) from burn swabs, depending on the characteristics of the colonies phenotypic and microscopic when grown in differential selective media, as well as biochemical tests todiagnose isolates, Then the identification of these species were confirmed by using the system (GN I Card) using Vitek 2 device complementary step.3) The study includes sensitivity test towards 16 antibiotics for each species by using the system (AST Card) using Vitek 2 device, and the isolates ware Multi drug resistance, As results all isolates were resistant by 100 % for each of Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Ticarcillinclavoulanic acid, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone and Tigecycline. All strains were less resistance to Ceftazidime with percentage 50%. 4) All the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with percentage %100, have ability to produce protease enzyme.5) This study was use tow methods of biofilm formations seen in P. aeruginosa, Micro - titer plate method (MTP) and Tube method (TM), Results revealed that MTP was found to be more sensitiveand specific method for biofilm detection than TM. 6) Well diffusion method revealed the inhibitory effect of bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and its supernatants in the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa, and was the supernatant of L. rhamnosus GG isthe largest inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and P.aeruginosa with inhibition diameter 32 and 34 mm respectively, while the inhibition of growth by supernatant of L. acidophilus diameter 25 and 27 mm respectively. 7) Estimated the amount of protein in each of the biosurfactant and bacteriocine producers of L. rhamnosus GG bacteria concentration of 74, 54 Mg/mL respectively, while their concentration in bacteria L. acidophilus 44, 40 Mg / mL, respectively.8) Found that the bacteriocine product of bacteria L. rhamnosus GG and L. acidophilus GG have inhibitory effect on ability of P. aeruginosa to produce the enzyme protease, and the absence of this effect in the Biosurfactants the product of these two types.9) The biosurfactant product from L. rhamnosus GG showed inhibitory effect greater than the effect of the biosurfactant product from L. acidophilus to inhibition (production of biofilm and adhesion to epithelial cells).10) studied the suspension's effect of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus GG in contrived injuries wounds in mice contaminated with P. aeruginosa, Positive results have been shown to be affected by the contaminated bacteria injuries wounds.

دراســــة الفعالية التضادية لجرثومة Bifidobacterium spp تجاه جرثومة Staphylococcus aureus المقاومة للمثيسلين == Studying The Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Bifidobacterium Spp Against Bacteria Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus

اسم المؤلف: انغام نجاح هادي الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: سهام جاسم الكعبي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة التحري عن الفعالية التضادية لجرثومة Bifidobacterium spp تجاه عزلات سريرية لجرثومة Staphylococcus aureus المقاومة للمثيسلين، ودراسة تاثير تلك المواد على عوامل الضراوة المنتجة من قبل S.aureus المقاومة للمثيسلين مثل الغشاء الحيوي Biofilm وا | This study included the investigation of Bifidobacterium spp antagonistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolates, and the effect of these antimicrobial agent on virulence factors produce by MRSA (Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus) such as Biofilm and Slime layer. One handered different samples were collected to isolate Bifidobacterium spp and 50 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens in AL - Najaf AL - Asharaf governorate during the period of (10/10/2013 - 20/1/2014) by the cultural characteristic colonies, microscopic for cells, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction PCR technique to detect 16SrDNA, the results showed that 13 isolates belong to Bifidobacterium spp and there are divergent gene content between these isolates and they have been bearing lm26/ lm3 gene. Carbohydrate fermentation test was used to distinguish the species of Bifidobacterium, the results revealed that the B.bifidum is more predominant than the other species; B.thermoacidophilum, B.adolescentis, B.breve, B.longum. Antibiotics susceptibility test to Staphylococcus aureus using antibiotic disc diffusion assay showed that Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus formed 70% and 30% of isolates were sensitive to the same antibiotics, also the ability of MRSA isolates to produce Biofilm and Slime layer was investigated by tube method and Congo red agar, then 10 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were selected as efficient isolates according to the resistance of Methicillin and the high ability to produce biofilm and Slime layer. The antagonistic activity of Bifidobacterium spp was extracted and tested against these MRSA isolates, the results showed that the most isolates of Bifidobacterium spp were effective against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the inhibition of growth and formation of Slime layer by using the wells and disc diffusion agar assay. The inhibition zone was between (10 - 30)mm, and the ability of bacteriocin production of Bifidobacterium spp against MRSA have been conducted by well diffusion broth method, B.bifidum3 was greater than other species in producing bacteriocin with asignificant increase (P<0.05). Furthermore the impact of bacteriocin production to inhibit the development and formation of biofilm was investigated, the results showed that the bacteriocin has ahigh activity against MRSA. The bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic effect of bacteriocin was conducted by using spectrophotometer, the results showed that these effects were bacteriostatic in the beginning of the growth MRSA while it was lethal during other time and 40 minutes is the period needed for killing MRSA bacteria.

دراسة بكتريولوجية لاخماج المسالك البولية للنساء الحوامل والمصابات بارتفاع ضغط الدم وداء السكري في منطقة تكريت == Bacteriological Study of Urinary Tract Infections Among Pregnant, Hypertensive, And Diabetic Women in Tikrit Region

اسم المؤلف: اسراء عز الدين ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم فتاح عمر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: النساء المتزوجات والحوامل والنساء المصابات بداء السكري وضغط الدم المرتفع ومدى مقاومتها للمضادات الحيوية لقد اشتملت الدراسة على 411 عينة ادرار من المريضات المراجعات لمستشفى تكريت التعليمي و100 عينة ادرار كمجموعة ضابطة للفترة من تشرين الثاني2008 ولغاية ايلو | This study aimed to isolate and identify the bacterial causative agents of urinary tract infections among married, pregnant, diabetic and hypertensive women and to determine the susceptibility of isolated bacteria to different antibiotics. The study included 411 urine samples for women attended to Tikrit Teaching Hospital, besides 100 urine samples used as a control group. The study carried out for the period from November 2008 to September 2009.E. coli was the most isolated bacteria at the rate of 31.8 % from married women followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus 18.18 % and Staphylococcus aureus 15.90%. In the pregnant women, S. saprophyticus was the most isolated bacteria 48.10 % followed by E. coli 20.25 % and S. aureus 12.65 %, and in the diabetic women, S. saprophyticus was the common isolated bacteria 32.07 % followed by E. coli 28.30 % and S. epidermidis 15.09 %. In the hypertensive women, S. saprophyticus 30.35% was the common isolated bacteria followed by E. coli 25.0% and S. aureus 19.64 %. In the case of diabetic pregnant women, and in the hypertensive pregnants S. saprophyticus was the most isolated bacteria, (80 % and 75 % respectively), while E. coli 44.4% was the common isolated bacteria among the diabetic hypertensive women. Out of all isolates, S. saprophyticus 35.13 % came in the first rank followed by E. coli 26.64% and S. aureus 12.74% while Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia odorifera (0.38% for each of them) were the lowest isolates. Urinary tract infection was common among urban patients 57.49%.The isolated bacteria showed different susceptibility to the antibiotics used in this study. S. saprophyticus isolates showed high sensitivity to Amikacin, Nitrofuratoin and Cefolaxime (the resistance rate for these antibiotics were 11 %, 12.1 % and 12.1 % respectively). While these isolates showed high resistance to Streptomycin 76.9 %, Nalidixic acid 67 % and Cephalexin 69.29 %. E. coli isolates showed low resistance rate to Amikacin 9.28 %, Ciprofloxacin 10.1 %, whereas showed high resistance rate to Cephalexin 47. %, Streptomycin 84 % and Ampicillin 82.6 %. The isolates of S. aureus showed low resistance to Ciprofloxacin 18.2 %, Carbencillin 18.2 % and Amikacin 15.2 % and high resistance for Ampicillin 18.8 %, Nalidixic acid 75.8 % and Cephalexin 72.79 %. Other isolated bacteria showed a different percentages of susceptibility to antibiotics Serratia odorifera, Proteus vulgaris and Enterococcus faecalis showed a significant resistance to antibiotics, while S. epidermidis isolates showed low percentages of resistance to Ciprofloxacin 9.1 %, Amikacin 18.2 % and Gentamicin 9.1 %. For S. saprophyticus the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) resulted from Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Cefotaxime were 8 - 32, 8 - 64 and 4 - 8 ?g/ml, and for E. coli the MIC results were 2, 8 - 16 and 16 - 64 ?g/ml. The MIC results were 2 - 8, 8 - 128, 32 - 256 ?g/ml for S. aureus, while the MIC results were 8 - 32, 16 - 64 and 16 - 128 ?g/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae.

عزل وتشخيص المبيضات من المرضى المصابين بداء السلاق الفموي في محافظة النجف الاشرف مع دراسة جزيئية لبعض عوامل الضراوة == Isolation And Identification of Candida Spp. From Patients With Oral Thrush In Al - Najaf Province And Molecular Study of Some Virulence Factors

اسم المؤلف: ايهاب يحيى جابرالعلياوي
اسم المشرف: فاطمة عبد الحسين التميمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تشمل هذه الدراسة بعض المعايير السريرية لمرضى نقص المناعة (مرض السكري والسرطان وزرع الكلى)، والمصابين بداء المبيضات الفموي والتي تضمنت العمر والجنس. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو عزل وتشخيص انواع المبيضات. بطرق مختلفة بما في ذلك التشخيص المباشر، والتحضين في الم | The present study was conducted to isolation and identification of Candida spp. Isolated from immunocompromised patients with (Diabetes, Cancer & Kidney transplant) by different identification methods including direct examination, laboratory culture, biochemical tests and molecular method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and determine the virulence factors phenotypic to Candida spp. and genetic polymorphism in Candida albicans in secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP2). During the period from October 2013 to February 2014, a total of 140 oral swab were collected from immunocompromised patients with attending to the three center in AL - Sadder Medical City (Oncology center and kidney center and Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology).In AL - Najaf Governorate, the samples were collected as following : - 110 mouth swabs from patients suffering from leukemia, prostate, stomach and bowel cancer, also 10 mouth swabs from kidney transplant patients and 20 mouth swabs from diabetes. The percentage of female to male was as following, female (86) 64(72.7%) infected, 22(42.3%) uninfected and male (54) 30(57.7%) uninfected, 24(27.3%) infected, with age range between (5 - 64) years. In this study, the results show that the incidence of candidiasis in women was higher than the male also the most cases of candidiasis in patients age range between (45 - 54) years. The results of the present study reveal that the prevalence of oral candidiasis from patient with cancer was more than diabetes & kidney transplant patients which was 72(81.18%), 12(13.65%) & 4(4.54%) respectively. When culturing oral samples on the primary isolation media Sabouroud dextrose agar (SDA) and the secondary media on CHROM agar, The results reveal the presence of 88 isolates belong to Candida spp.which include : - 42 (47.68%) belong to Candida albicans, 20 (22.72%) belong to Candida. dubliniensis, 18 (20.5%)belong to Candida krusei, 6 (6.8%) belong to Candida glabrata & 2 (2.3%) belong to Candida parapsilosis. According to this result, Candida albicans was found the most frequently isolated species and the occurrence of the other non - albicans isolates such as Candida dubliniensis and which followed Candida albicans in frequency of the isolates in oral candidiasis. In this study, the ability of C.albicans & non - albicans was tested to produce some virulence factors such as production of enzymes phospholipase, lipase, germ tube, chlamydospore & biofilms when culturing Candida spp. on different media. The results of the culture show that Candida albicans produces all virulence factor included germ tube, chlamydospore, biofilms & phospholipase. Some species share several phenotypic characteristics ability to produce enzymes of phospholipase such as C.krusei while C.dubliniensis produce chlamydospore, when culturing in the Casein agar & produce biofilms, In addition the molecular tests to was used for Candida albicans confirm the ability to secreted aspartyl proteinase (ASP2). This study showed the amplified from the Candida spp. as following : - C.albicans 306 bp, C.glabrata 594 bp, C.parapsliosis 387 bp, C.krusei 651 bp & C.dubliniensis 451 bp.

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية والبكتريولوجية لمرضى ذات الرئة Pneumonia == Study Some Immunological And Bacteriological Aspects of Pneumonia Patients

اسم المؤلف: كرم رياض حسن الجراح
اسم المشرف: رسمية عبد ابو ريشة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت 120 عينة قشع من اشخاص مصابين بمرض ذات الرئه للمدة من ايار 2013 الى شباط 2014 من ثلاثة مستشفيات في مدينة بغداد وشملت مستشفى اليرموك التعليمي, مستشفى دار التمريض الخاص, مستشفى بغداد التعليمي. شخصت العينات باستخدام الفحوص البايوكيميائية, نظامApi 20 E و| From May 2013 to Feburey 2014, 120 sputum and Aspiration samples of patients with pneumonia disease were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad included : Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Hospital Nursing Home sector and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. All samples were diagnosed by biochemical tests, Api 20 E and Api20 strep. Systems, The results was found to be 28 isolates (23.3%) belong to K.pneumoniae, 26 isolates (21.7 %) belong to S.pneumonia while 66 isolates(55%) belong to causes : E.coli, Pseudomonas sp., Moraxella catrrhalis, S.pyogens, Monilia and S.aureus. From (55) blood samples of pneumonia patients and 30 blood samples from healthy individuals, number of white blood cell (Neutrophil) counts were measured, percentage of Neutrophil cell count in female (53%) higher than the cell count in male(47%). Some markers of pneumonia disease were studied such as ratio of infection between male and female, chronic and acute cases and smoker and non smoker, the results were showed the ratio of infection in female more than in male, (60%, 40%), respectively. And number of acute cases of pneumonia patients 41(74.55%) more than chronic cases 14(25.45%). While infection ratio in smoker patients more than nonsmoker patients at ratio 24(57.14%)18(42.86%), respectively. The result of interleukin - 8 level through acute and chronic phases in pneumonia patients sera was showed high level in patients compared with healthy persons (86.4403 ± 25.50919 vs. 58.7636 ± 4.73152 pg / ml, respectively) with a non significant difference statistically (P?0.05). Also in the age group (age 15 - 60years), The results showed the results interleukin 8 levels higher than the age groups of (2month - 3years) and (age 60 - 85) (93.63 ± 51.65, 68.88 ± 17.17, 65.68 ± 11.73 pg / ml, respectively) with non significant difference (P?0.05). The result of Leukotriene B4 level through acute and chronic phases in pneumonia patients sera showed high level in patients compared with healthy persons (36.00 ± 3, 82 vs. 25.96 ± 4.44 pg / ml, respectively) with a significant difference (P?0.05). Also in the age group (two months - 3 years) were showed the results interleukin 8 levels higher than the age groups (age 15 - 60) (age (60 - 85)(33.61 ± 11.06, 19.29 ± 4.67, 16.86 ± 4.51 pg / ml respectively) with no siginificant difference (P?0.05), the correlation coeifficient between interleukin - 8 and leukotriene B4 was (0.12) with no siginificant difference. The phagocytic activity was determined in pneumonia patients sera according to measurement C3 protein level through acute and chronic phases, the result were showed the ratio of C3 protein levels in healthy persons more than in patients (135.93 ± 12.74, 133.19 ± 12.01 pg / ml, respectively) with a difference was not significant statistically (P?0.05).

عزل وتشخيص بعض فطريات الاذن الخارجيه واختبار قدرة الفطر Aspergillusعلى افراز بعض انزيمات عوامل الضراوة == Isolation And Identification of Some Fungi of Otitis Externa And Testing The Ability of Aspergillus Spp. To Produce Some of Virulence Factors Enzymes

اسم المؤلف: وفاق احمد محمود
اسم المشرف: سميرة كاظم حميد | ياسر لفتة حسون
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت (113) عينه سريريه (مسحة اذن Ear swab) لمرضى التهاب قناة الاذن الخارجيه الفطري Otomycosis من كلا الجنسين والذين راجعوا استشارية الانف والاذن والحنجره في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي والعيادات الخاصه للاطباء الاختصاص / محافظة النجف الاشرف للمده من تشرين الثان | This study included 113 ear swabs from patients with otomycosis, males and females, visited the otolaryngology consultation room at Al - Sader Medical City in An - Najaf / Iraq in addition to the private otolaryngology clinics of some of ear, nose and throat specialists, during the period from October 2012 to March 2013, the study aimed to isolate and diagnose the causative opportunistic mycotic infections of the ear and to test sensitivity of these organisms towards antimycotic agents in addition to identifying some enzymes of the most fungal reluctant type phenotypically and molecularly. (103) positive swabs were obtained from total samples including "Cephalosporium, Candida spp, Aspergillus spp, Neurospora and Trichosporium beigelii.The Precentage of isolated fungi was (85.43)% for Aspergillus, (10.67)% for Candida, while other species constituted totally (3.88)%. The study show that the highest percentage of isolated fungi was from males as it was(51.4)% while in females was (48.6)%. Patients' ages were found to be between (11 - 80) years and the age group (21 - 30) years was the most frequent Category in (30.3)% and the Category (71 - 80) years was affected only in (0.8)%. The highest percentage of insulation fungi during the period of sample collection was in February which constitute (30.9)% and the lowest percentage was in March reaching only (14.1)%.The highest ratios to isolate the fungus was recorded among housewives and unemployed males and it was (44.2%), while the lowest rates of insulation when the students reached (15.9%).The cases of otitis media excelled on the rest of the pathological cases accompaniments of Otomycosis as the proportion of insulation was (19.4%), followed by disease of blood pressure which their percentage was (5.3%), while the rest of the pathological cases did not have significant influence in insulation, for more ear side affected the left ear was affected in(51.8)% and the right was affected in (48.2) %. The study showed that there is inhibitory effect of (flucanazole, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole and Ketoconozole) against Aspergillus spp (A.niger, A.flavus and A.terreus). All antifungals were effective and their inhibitory ratio was (100) %, except for the antifungal (Fluconazole ) which found to have a lower inhibitory effect (10) % against the species A.flavus only. Testing the phospholipase activity for aspergillus species, A.flavus and A.niger showed phospholipase activity in two degrees (++, +++), but A.terreus shoed only (++). Searching the gene alp " which is encoded for the production of alkaline protease " showed that all the Aspegillus species produces the gene with amplification results of (100)% for the band supposed to appear at the molecular weight of (747) pb

التمنيع باضداد الخمل النوع الاول المنتجة من بكتريا الاشريكية القولونية المسببة لالتهاب المجاري البولية ضد استيطان واصابة المثانة == Immunization With Type 1 Fimbriae of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Against Colonization And Infection of Bladder

اسم المؤلف: اروى علي شكر
اسم المشرف: رسمية عبد ابو ريشة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Between September and November 2013 a total of 140 urine specimens obtained from patients in Al - Kadhmiah Teaching Hospital, Ibn - Al Naffees Teaching Hospital, and Educational Laboratories in Medical city. These midstream urine specimens were obtained from patients clinically suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) in sterilized containers. All specimens were processed immediately after collection.A total number of 140 specimens of mid - stream urine were collected from patients suffering urinary tract infection symptoms. These isolates were obtained from 41 male and 99 female patients. They were distributed in the age group of 5 - 60 years old. All specimens were identified using biochemical tests and API 20 E system. 60 (42.85%) of urine specimens was Escherichia coli and 15(10.71%) of specimens growth was Klebsiella spp. and 25(17.85%) growth was Proteus spp. and 40 (28.57%) was G+ve bacteria.The adherence ability of E.coli isolates were evaluated by using Congo red agar and detected their ability to produce biofilm by using methylene blue staining technique in polystyrene microtiter plates and then Optical density was determined at 580 nm.All sixty isolates of E.coli were grown on Congo red agar medium to detect their adherence ability. Twenty (33.3%) isolates were given negative result by forming pink colonies on congo red agar, were as, forty (66.6%) isolates were given positive result by forming black colonies with a dry crystalline. Three isolates give strong results E.coli (13, 8, and 40). Consistency indicated biofilm production by microtiter plate. E. coli 40 which isolated produced the thickest biofilm (O.D. : =3.17).Type 1 fimbriae expression by E.coli 40 isolate was detected by mannose - resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) of human blood group (O) IRBCs in the presence of 2% D - mannose. The isolate showed strong MRHA characteristics of type 1 fimbriae under microscope (40x). The E.coli E.40isolate which produced the thickest biofilm and gave strong MRHA was elected to be the source of type 1 fimbriae.Type 1 fimbriae was extracted by heating and mechanical shearing and partially purified by Ultracentrifugation (48, 000xg for 3hrs). SDS - PAGE with a molecular weight 20, 000 Dalton.Anti - type1 fimbriae antisera were prepared in rabbits. The specificity and titration of anti - type1fimbriae antibodies were determined using IgG protein by radial immunodiffusion plate and bacterial agglutination. IgG antibodies to fimbriae type 1 were also detected in rabbit sera from immunized rabbit and non - immunized. Immunized rabbit test 1 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (9.5) mg/dl. Immunized rabbit test 2 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (8.6) mg/dl. The non - immunized rabbit had no increase in absolute IgG antibodies to Fim1.The antisera agglutinated bacterial cells up to 1/80 dilution confirming the presence and titer of specific antibodies against type1 fimbriae.The microtiter plate method was applied to estimate the role of the prepared anti - type1fimbriae antibodies in reducing the biofilim formation by E.coli. Prevention of bacterial adherence and subsequent biofilm formation to polystyrene microtiter plate was studied by employing different dilutions (1/10, 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, 1/320, 1/640) of rabbit sera containing anti - type 1 fimbriae antibodies. The maximum inhibition of biofilm formation in terms of optical density (580 nm) was found in lowest dilution (1/10) (highest concentration of Abs). However, the minimum inhibition was observed in highest dilution of rabbit antisera (1/640) (lowest concentration of Abs). Here the inhibition occurs in a dose dependent manner as the biofilm formation increased dramatically with increasing in antisera dilution. The results also showed that there is a significant difference(P<0.05) among data treated with sera and data without sera and among serial dilutions.General urine examination and culture for urine that absorbed from test 2 and control was done (GUE) show that pus cell in urine was (1 - 2/HPF). There was no growth of bacteria in urine culture.The Histological section show that the Control and test 1 rabbit (have been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli intra muscular) and Test 2rabbit (that has been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli directly in bladder has normal epithelial cells and mucosa.

تقييم بعض جينات المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية في عزلات الكلبسيلا == Evaluation of Some Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Klebsiella Isolates

اسم المؤلف: زاهد سعدون عزيز
اسم المشرف: عباس شاكر جواد المحنة | سلمان عزيز عدوس
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم انتشار جينات البيتا لاكتاميز ? - lactamases ومنها جينات البيتا لاكتاميز الواسعة الطيف lactamases - Extended Spectrum ? وجينات اخرى مثل جينات المقاومة للكوينولونات Quinolones المرتبطة بالبلازميدات plasmid mediated quinolones | The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of plasmid mediated ? - lactamases including Extended Spectrum ? - lactamases and non - lactamases and study the horizontal gene transfer. A total of 800 of urine samples were taken from patient suffering from urinary tract infections had been collected during a period from February, to September of 2012, from the hospitals of AL - Najaf province. All the samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. From those 300 samples gave positive bacterial growth , 250 were lactose fermentative isolates, which were submitted to conventional tests including IMVIC and motility tests ultimately lactose fermentative, non motile isolates were candidate to Vitek 2 system to confirm the identification. the results revealed that there were 42 (16.8%) of isolates identified as Klebsiellae represented by Klebsiella pnumoniae ssp pneumoniae, 9(3.6%) of isolates diagnosed as Raoultella ornithinolytica, and 1(0.4%) for both K. pnumoniae ssp.ozeanae and Raoultella planticola. Screening tests were performed , disk diffusion test revealed different pattern of resistance, screening of ESBLS by MacConkey agar medium supplemented with 2 mg /l of Ceftazidime showed that 31 (58.5%) of isolates were initially ESBLS producers.Phenotypes confirmatory tests were conducted to different classes of antimicrobial agents, Disk synergism test revealed that 20(37.74%) of isolates were ESBLS positive, while Disk combination test by Ceftazidime + clav and Cefepime + clav revealed that 28(52.83%) and 43(81.13%) were ESBLS producers respectively, disk replacement test pointed that positive isolates were 26(49%), vitek2 system revealed 33(62%) of isolates were ESBLS producers.Imipenem - Ceftazidime antagonism test revealed that there was no isolate produce induced AmpC beta - lactamase, AmpC disc test revealed that no one of isolates were AmpC producer.The result of MHT(Modified Hodge test) revealed that all isolates were not Carbapenemases producers. Molecular study of different antimicrobial resistance genes were performed, the results reveald high percent of occurence as follow : blaTEM genes (90.6%), blaSHV gene(81.13%), blaCTX - M genes (88.6%), sul genes (88.6%), aac(6')Ib - cr genes (84.9%) and qnr - B genes (41.5%).the study also highlighted an association between studied genes. Finally many attempts to study of gene transfer by conjugation were conducted but all of them were failed, except one isolate (No. 5) was succeeded with frequency of conjugation (0.5×10 - 7). This study concluded that there were high prevalence of some plasmid mediated genes of isolates with clear multi gene resistance patterns as compared with some other genes which propose the high selective pressure of these genes and isolates might acquired resistance by mobile elements such as plasmids and integrons.

دراسة وبائية لاميبا النسج في مدينة كركوك وعلاقته بالجذور الحرة في مصل دم المصابين == Epidemiological Study on Entamoeba Histolytica in Kirkuk City And Its Relationship With Free Radicals in Blood Serum of Infected Persons

اسم المؤلف: ليما طارق يواش لازار
اسم المشرف: شهاب احمد محمد الجبوري | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية فحص 600 عينة غائط للمرضى المراجعين لمستشفى الاطفال في مدينة كركوك للفترة من 1/12/2010 الى 17/7/2011 للتحري عن طفيلي Entamoeba histolytica.تم فحص عينات الغائط بطريقة المسحة المباشر باستخدام المجهر الضوئي للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية وال | The present study includes the examination of stool sample of patients attended pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city for period from 1st of December till 17th July 2011 for detection of Entamoeba histolytica.The stool samples were examined by direct wet mount method, using light microscope for detection of trophozoites and cysts stages of parasite. The study showed that the rate of infection with E. histolytica / E. dispar was 21.67% (130 of 600). The cystic stages were dominant in infected stool samples which being 53.85% (70 of 130), while the trophozoite stage was 15.38 % (20 of 130). The epidemiological survey based on direct stool examination showed the rate of infection among females was 23.07% (60 of 260) in comparison with males 20.59% (70 of 340). The highest rate of infection was among the age group 1 - 5 years 25.5% (69 of 270). The highest rate was also in children of illiterate parents 26.1% (68 of 260). The biochemical tests were carried out to estimate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and selenium. The study showed that the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde increased in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls, while the study showed decreased selenium concentration in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was done to estimate serum IgG level for Entamoeba histolytica, the rate of seropositivity for IgG was 21.68% (18 of 83). The rate of IgG in positive sample was 17.73% (7 of 41) while in negative sample was 26.19% (11 of 42).

دراسة بكتيريولوجية وراثية لبعض الانواع المعزولة من المصابين وغير المصابين بداء السكري == Bacteriological And Genetic Study of Some Species of Bacteria That Isolated From Patients And Healthy of Diabetes

اسم المؤلف: قناة محمود عطية سلامة الجبوري
اسم المشرف: كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري | رشيد حميد حسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومختبرات قسم علوم الحياة - كلية العلوم في جامعة تكريت للمدة من كانون الثاني 2010 لغاية كانون الثاني 2011، تضمنت جمع 534 عينة من اخماج المسالك البولية والجروح للمرضى المصابين بالنوع الاول والثاني من السكري | The study was conducted in the Laboratories of Teaching Tikrit Hospital and the laboratories of the Biology Department - College of Science - Tikrit University from January 2010 to the January 2011. In this study five hundreds thirty four samples of urine and wounds from patients with diabetes and healthy were collected from both sexes and all ages to isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria by morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics then determination of virulence factors and genetic variation between dominant type depending on the isolating source and the type of infection in diabetic patients. The counts of urinary tract infections and wound infection in non _diabetic patients were 118 and 52 respectively.The percentage of positive isolation of bacteria for both of them were 44, and 38.4% respectively and from the same patients with urinary tract Infections and wounds and Insulin Depended Diabetes (IDD) patients were 158 and 68 samples respectively and the percentage of bacterial isolation were at 78.5 and 67.6% respectively. The patients with Insulin Non - dependent Diabetes (INDD) were 69 and 42 samples, where positive isolates from bacteria were 75 and 71.4% respectively. The infections females from the Healthy and Diabetes Patients that (IDD) or (INDD) were larger than that of the males patients and with the same state with the wounds infections state for (IDD) patients, whereas the rate was smaller than of males for wounds infections to patients with the other diabetes infections type. The age group between 41 - 60 years was the larger percentage with all infections, except with wounds infections to (INDD) patients, while the age group between 16 - 40 years was the larger, and the infections were the largest means in the Winter and Autumn compare the other seasons.The higher rate of bacteria that isolated from patients with Urinary Tract Infections was Escherichia coli then other types like Citrobacter diversus , Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The larger rate of bacteria in patients with diabetes and wounds Infections was Escherichia coli then Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Morganella morganii and Staphylococcus aureus. The rate of diabetes infections with urinary tract infections and wounds increased in winter and autumn seasons more than of summer and spring seasons, Most bacterial isolates where sensitive for chloramphenicol.Other antibiotics were highly variable in their ability to inhibit bacterial isolates.the bacterial isolates were different in their ability to produce virulence factors, the diabetes infections was the reason of increase the variation in their ability to produce that virulence factor and the bacteria that isolated from diabetes patients produced haemolysine factor and capsule.PCR technique was used to show the genetic variations for the more repeats bacterial isolates isolated from all sources infections and used the Specific Primers (KPSMT II) group II capsule, (CNF1) Cytotoxic Necrotizing factor, (CNFs) and (HLY A) haemolysine, the bands appeared after electrophoresis to represent the used Primers, one band was appeared in the sample of diabetes Patients with Urinary Tract Infections(KPSMT II) at molecular weight 270 bp, and one band appeared in the sample of diabetes with urinary tract infections for Primer (HLY A) and it is molecular weight was 177 bp. One band appeared in the sample of diabetes patients for the primer (CNF1)hg with Wound Infections and it is molecular weight 450 bp, and there is not any band in the Primer (CNFs).

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Enterococcus faecalis من مصادر مرضية مختلفة ودراسة امراضيتها في الفئران المختبرية == Isolation And Diagnosis of Enterococcus Faecalis From Different Clinical Sources And Study of The Pathogenicity in Experimental Mice

اسم المؤلف: عباس ياسين حسن
اسم المشرف: وعد محمود رؤوف | عباس عبود فرحان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية بهدف عزل وتشخيص المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis من مصادر سريرية مختلفة، وتقييم التغيرات المظهرية والافات المرضية في بعض اعضاء الفئران البيض السويسرية المصابة تجريبيا لذا تضمنت هذه الدراسة محورين رئيسين هما : الجانب ال | The present study was conducted to isolate and diagnose an Enterococcus faecalis which are isolated from different clinical sources, and evaluate the appearance changes and pathological lesions in some Swiss white mice organs which are infected experimentally, so this study deals with two main aspects : The bacteriological type : The results obtained may be summarized as follows : - The total number of (310) clinical samples were collected from Baquba Educational Hospital and Al - Batol Hospital for Maternity and Children in Baquba city from the beginning of March to the end of September (2009) with various ages and from both sexes, including (82) urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections, (46) vaginal swab from infection of female reproduction system, (45) surgical wound swabs, (38) stool sample from patients with abdominal pains and diarrhea, (32) throat swabs from tonsillitis patients, (25) middle ear swabs, (22) burn swabs, and (20) blood sample from patients with bacteremia and prosthetic valvular heart diseases. The isolates diagnose depended on the cultural and microscobial characteristics and biochemical tests, serological diagnosis according to Lancefield method and assertion diagnosis according to (API - 20 Strep) was done to find (32) isolates of Enterococcus : (28) isolates of E. faecalis (87.5%), (3) isolates of E. faecium (9.4%) and one isolate of E.gallinarum (3.1%). - The sensitivity of E. faecalis was tested against (23) different antibiotics. The isolates showed resistance of about (100%) against Aztreonam, Amikacin, Co - Trimoxazole, Cephalexin and Cefotaxime, while the isolates were sensitive about (100%) against Amoxicillin, Nitrofurantoin, Imipenem and Ampicillin, while they showed a various resistance to another antibiotics involved in this study. - The ability of the isolates for producing the Beta - lactamase enzymes was tested by the standard rapid iodometric method. The results showed the disability of these isolates for producing the Beta - lactamase enzymes. - The production ability of E. faecalis for some virulence factors was evaluated. The results showed the ability of these isolates of adherence to the uroepithelial cells of human's urinary system were (93%), and (82.1%) were bacteriocin producer, and (28.6%) were hemolysin producer, and (43%) were gelatinase producer, and (10.7%) were lipase producer, and (35.7%) were capsule producer, and (14.3%) were cytolysin producer, while none of the isolates under the study showed the ability of haemagglutination.Histopathology type : (4.6 x 106) cell / ml concentration of the bacterial suspension of E. faecalis was used orally on mice and histopathological changes were examined after (3, 5, 7, 14) days of infection, which revealed the ability of bacteria for colonization and causing pathological lesions and many histological changes in the liver, kidney, small intestine and hearts of these animals. The damage in the animal tissues of the second group (treated with Streptomycin and EFU10) was more than that in the third group (treated with Streptomycin and EFS14), and fourth group (treated with EFU10 only). Generaly, the most important histopathological changes were the necrosis in some areas, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in infected tissues. These pathological lesions cause damage and decompose of tissues with distortion of their morphologies.

دراسة وبائية تشخيصية لداء اللشمانيا مع تحديد انماط الطفيل المسبب بواسطة تقنية PCR وتمييز الانواع الناقلة من ذبابة الرمل sand fly في محافظة ديالى == Epidemio Diagnostic Study for Leishmaniasis With Determination of Parasite Strain’s By PCR Technique And Morphologically Differmates The Species of Sand Fly Vector in Diyala Governorate

اسم المؤلف: جابر عودة كاظم
اسم المشرف: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي | عبد الله حسين عبد الله الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية تسليط الضوءعلى انتشار داء اللشمانيا الجلدية والاحشائية المتسبب من قبل الطفيلي Leishmania spp في مناطق مختلفة في محافظة ديالى ودراسة الظروف البيئية المساهمة في انتشار المرض ومقارنة الفحوصات السريرية والمختبرية والمصلية المستخدمة في تش | The aims of present study to illuminate a light on visceral and cutaneous leishminiasis disease caused by leishminia Spp parasite as registered in Diyal Governorate, and study the environment condition which contributed in diffusion the disease and comparison the tests of clinical, Laboratory and serological tests which used in diagnosing with PCR technique test, the study included many steps. 1. The epidemiologically which is main to determine the rates of infection as registered in some district of Diyala province in according to the age, sex, and the month of the year so according to the environmental conditions : - 7200 samples of blood collected from many different ages persons from different districts in Diyala. (3009 males, 4011 females) are examined. The study shows a positive cases of 607 distributed among the districts including (Jalawlaa, Bani Saa'd, Baladruz, Baquba, Alodeim amd DeliAbbas) these register a highest percentage of infection in Jalawlaa sub - district about 12.8% and less percentage of infection are in Baquba about 1.3% whiel is register highest percentage of in infection were (>1 - 5) years about 13.2% and lower percentage infection (<5 - 10) years wuth rate 2.4% so the groups of ages (25 - 30) years didn't appear any infections. according to the gender the males are high from the females whom effected with this disease the number of males (432) case with rate 71, 1%. The number of infected females about 175 cases with rate 28.8%.while in the month of years were the male infection are a highest infection in January - 2012, but did not register any infection in (June and July). The environmental condition infective in prevalence the disease between the people whom resident the houses which breed the animals inside, the number of infections are 245 cases from 607 positive cases with rate 40.3%. This was the low rate 4.9% from the infected people because of rats in their hoses. which didn't kill them. 2. The comparison of diagnostic methods of clinical test, laboratory test and serological test, with the molecular methods from the direction of sensitivity and specificity, The studies results appeared the importance of clinical test subtle in case of a similar cases depend on the clinical symptoms there are a highest cases from clinical test that the children suffering from liver magle their number are 176 cases the rate 80.36%, but the lowest cases of clinical test are 59.19% whom suffered from a skin pallor and black. The laboratory tests appeared the blood picture through testing the 350cases whom suspicion in their infection with leishmaniasis, the number of whom suffering from the lower of WBC 73 with rate 34.2%, while the low cases are 6 with rate 2.82% from whom suffering from hipper ESR, but the serological test was IFAT, Dipsrtick, spotkala - azor, ELISA, KA tex LATEX. Diagnostic infection leishmaniasis a best in diagnostic disease is dipstick test it's sensitivity are 95%, but it's specificity 100% but the lowest is the test of LATEX, it's sensitivity 75% and specificity 80%.3. The Molecular methods : PCR technique test clear recently the new highest sensitivity in diagnosis when the number of the parasite are a little in the blood in the infections peoples whom choose in random way. when testing 100 samples of DNA from the infection with cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, the number of infected male are 73, But the number of infected females are 27 with leishmaniasis. and studying the relation between PCR diagnosis according to the sex, age, district and environment condition, so as the recognize between the species of the parasite from the sequence Nitrogen basics with number in each species, (the species are L.donovani, L.infantum, L.tropica, L.major) so recognize the vector insect sand fly Morphology by key classification (ph.alexandri, ph.papatasi Ph.sergentasi, and sqauanlpleuris).

دراسة وبائية على طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية Trichomonas vaginalis وبعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض المنقولة جنسيا وتاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية على نمو الطفيلي في الزجاج في مدينة كركوك == Epidemiological Study on Trichomonas Vaginalis & Some Associated Bacteria That Causing Sexual Transmitted Diseases & Effect of Some Herbal Extraction on The Parasite in Vitro in Kirkuk City

اسم المؤلف: محسن عز الدين سليمان
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم شعبان داوود | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: بلغ العدد الكلي للعينات التي جمعت وفحصت للفترة من بداية شهر تموز 2007 الى نهاية شهر مايس 2008 (2345) عينة لكلا الجنسين مــن مستشفيات كركوك للتحري عن وبائية طفيلي المشــــــعرات المهبليـــــــــة Trichomonas vaginalis وبعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض المنقو | A total (2345) specimens were collected & examined from both sexes, from the beginning of July 2007 till the end of May 2008 attending Kirkuk hospitals for epidemiological study of Trichomonas vaginalis & some sexual transmitted microorganisms. The vaginal examinations were done by gynecologist, two high vaginal swabs were taken from (250) women & a cervical swab from some women with vaginal discharge. General urine examination & blood group with Rh factor were performed for each woman with vaginal discharge. Direct microscopic examination, staining & culture of swabs were performed on different methods for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis, followed to diagnose Candida albicans, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis & Treponema pallidum as well as some other bacterial groups. The rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was (2.8%) & Neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.8%), while no Chlamydia trachomatis & Treponema pallidum recorded in this study. The highest rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was among the age group between 15 - 29 years (3.6%), the rate of Trichomonas vaginalis infection was higher among illiterate (5.7%) than educated ones. The highest rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was recorded among those with blood group O & Rh (+ve) (3.8%). The same result was found regarding other microorganisms in both sexes. Statistically the results were not significant.The rate of infections in females was higher than males in all infection except Neisseria gonorrhoeae was recorded highest rate in males(35%). The percentage of mixed infections with Trichomonas vaginalis was Candida albicans (1.6%) & B - hemolytic streptococcus (0.4%). The maximum infections rate in vaginal swabs were Staphylococcus aureus (42.3%) & lowest rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2%). Regarding the distribution of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of females suffering from vaginal discharges, the highest rate of infection was Eschirechia coli (22.2%) & lowest rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2%) respectively. The rate of isolated microorganisms from urethral discharge of males were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (35%) & Escherichia coli (5%). Antibiotics Ciprofloxacin & Amikacin showed good inhibition activity against all pathogenic microorganisms. Regarding the effect of different concentration of metronidazole & medical herbs to the Trichomonas vaginalis invitro, metronidazole showed clear effective inhibition at concentration (1.25%) during 24 hours. The inhibitory effect of Zea mays (both alcoholic & watery extractions) was greater than Apium graveolens & Foeniculum vulgare. At concentration (2.5% & 5%) of Zea mays in both extractions was almost identical to metronidazole. Six solvents were used by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in order to separate alcoholic & watery extraction of medical herbs, only three of them A, B & F gave good results in separating herbal extraction with differing in its component. By measuring relative flow rate (Rƒ) of all compounds that separated and determind. The chemical compounds of each herbal extract were established & included alkaloids, flavonieds, amines, pigments, oils, carbohydrates, phenols, purines & tanines.

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع الجراثيم المسببة لالتهابات الزائدة الدودية في مدينة تكريت == Isolation And Identification of Some Baceterial Speices Which Caused Appendices Infections in Tikrit City

اسم المؤلف: عبد عبد الله محمد الجبوري
اسم المشرف: اميرة محمود محمد الراوي | علي صالح حسين الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة جمع 75 عينة من الزائدة الدودية (Appendices) مباشرة بعد استئصالها من المرضى الراقدين في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومن كلا الجنسين، الذين خضعوا لعملية استئصالها وللمدة من اب عام 2008 ولغاية نيسان 2009. عزلت الجراثيم من العينات باستخدام الاوساط الز

تشخيص بعض النواتج الحيوية لانواع من السيانوبكتريا المعزولة من مياه وترب مدينة تكريت ودراسة فعاليتها على بعض انواع البكتريا المرضية والحيوانات المختبرية == Identification of Some Bioproducts From Some Species of Cyanobacteria Isolated From Water And Soil From Tikrit City And Study Their Biological Effects on Some Pathogenic Bacteria And Laboratory Animals

اسم المؤلف: ايمن عوني سليم جاسم
اسم المشرف: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي | احسان محمود عبد الله
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية عزل وتشخيص (19) نوع من السيانوبكتريا من عينات مياه وتربة طينية ومن الصخور من (5) خمسة مواقع في مدينة تكريت ضمن محافظة صلاح الدين، وقد تم اختيار ثلاثة انواع من هذه السيانوبكتريا وهي : Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc linckia, Anabaena laxa اعتم | The current study included Isolation and Identification of (19) species of cyanobacteria from water, clay soil and rocks samples, collected from (5) sites in Tikrit, salah Al - den province. Three species were chosen each species represent the environment which collected from it. These species were Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc linckia, Anabaena laxa. The effects of some environment factors on growth and biological products quantity has been studied in the three species above. The effects of the temperature showed that 26°C was the best for growth and biological products quantity than 16°C and 36°C. While the pH effects showed that pH 7.6 was the best for growth and biological products quantity than pH 6.6, 8.6. Three light intensities were used 1250, 2500, 5000 lux were used. The results showed that the light intensity of 2500 lux was the best for daily growth and quantity of extracted biological products. While the study of the effects of addition of macronutrient and micronutrient to Asm - 1 media which used for culturing of the three species of cyanobacteria by replacement of NaCl by NaNO3 in the medium, showed that there is an increase in daily growth and quantity of extracts of biological extracts, also the addition of FeSO4.7H2O and NaNO3 together showed further increase of daily growth and biological extracts quantity. The biological products has been identificated by HPLC - MS, IR and NMR. The results showed the presence of the neurotoxin Anatoxin - a and the hepatic toxin Microcystin in its various forms MCYST - LAba, MCYST - YM(O), [D - Asp3, Dha7]MCYST - LR and MCYST - YA in the biological products of Anabaena oryzae. The results also showed the presence of the hepatic toxin MCYST - YM(O) and [D - Asp3, Dha7]MCYST - LR in the extracts of the two spices of cyanobacteria Nostoc linckia and Anabaena laxa.The results also showed that the Muller Hinton Agar media is better than the Blood Agar media in testing the activity of these extracts in inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria, the method of holes is better than saturated discs, and the solvent DMSO (Di - Methyl Sulpho Oxide) is the better in testing of biological activities, while the filtrate of cyanobacteria did not shown any activity for inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria which include : Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus Vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed the high capability of inhibition in concentrations of 1000, 2000, 3000 µg/ml of the extracts of the cyanobacteria Anabaena oryzae, Nostoc linckia and Anabaena laxa on the above pathogenic bacteria and some times more efficient than antibiotics used for comparison, and the concentration 3000 µg/ml was the most effective.The effects of biological extracts of the three species in concentrations of (1000, 2000, 3000) µg/kg of body weight on tested albino mice, using injection and feeding methods, was studied. The results showed poisoning nervous symptom for the first few hours, while the results showed hepatic poisoning symptom on the dissecting animals. The anatomic symptoms included changes the colour of the liver to darkening and appearance of necrosis, in addition to becoming lobbed and swollen some times with bleeding.While the poisoning effects on dissecting tissues of livers of the animals showed a simple swollen and some times assured in all of the liver accompanying with increase in growth and cell division, as well as increases in lymphatic cells inside the tissue and in general in liver tissue. The lymphocyte seemed bigger than for normal cell with multi - nuclei in white blood and increase in cell size and destruction of liver tissue. Nostoc linckia was the greater urging for cell division consequently probably more induce of cancer in the liver of the animals, while the biological product of Anabaena laxa showed more poisonous for liver cell than the biological products of Anabaena oryzae, the least effective in cytotoxic and urging cancer cell in liver of the animals.

تحديد مقاومة بعض الجراثيم المعزولة من اخماج في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي للمضادات الحيوية وعلاقتها بالبلازميدات == Determination The Antibiotic Resistance of The Some Isolated Bacteria From Tikrit Teaching Hospital Infections And Their Relationship With Plasmids

اسم المؤلف: شيماء عبد محمد علي
اسم المشرف: وعد محمود رؤوف | خالد عمر محمد علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت (140) عينة من المرضى الراقدين لثلاثة ايام فاكثر في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي للمدة من 1 - 8 - 2009 ولغاية 1 - 12 - 2009 بهدف تحديد العزلات الجرثومية الاكثر شيوعا ضمن اخماج مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومقاومة هذه العزلات للمضادات الحيوية ودراسة العلاقة بين مقاو | One hundred fourti samples were collected from hospitalized patients for three days or more in the Tikrit Teaching Hospital during the period from 1/8/2009 until 1/12/2009 to determine the most commonly isolated bacterial from nosocomial infections in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and their resistance to antibiotics and to study the relationship between antibiotics resistance and plasmid content in the most commonly isolated bacteria and to evaluate the prevalence of these plasmids in the hospital environment. These samples include : (75) Urine, (28) stool, (28) of wound swabs and (9) sputum samples.The incidence of nosocomial infection was (45.7%) of them, urinary tract infections were (50.7%) from (75) samples, followed by wound infections (42.9%) from (28) samples, gastrointestinal infections (39.3%) from (28) samples then pneumonia (33.3%) from (9) samples the nosocomial infections were more common in females and age group 51 - 89 years. Different bacterial species were isolated in this study and the results showed that the most commonly isolated type was Citrobacter koseri in a proporation (21%) of urinary tract infections, followed by the following bacterial species : Escherichia coli (15.7%), Staphylococcus schleiferi (10.5%) , Staphylococcus epidermidis (7, 8%), Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus saprophytica, Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella ornithindytica in aproportion (5.2%) for each, Enterobacter aerogenes, Providencia stuartii, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis in aproportion (2.6%) for each.Citro. koseri were also the most common in wound infections (25%), followed by the following bacterial species : E.coli (16.6%), P.mirabilis (16.6%), Staph.schleiferi, P.vulgaris, Prov.stuartii and Prov.rettgeri in aproportion (8.3%) for each. Citro.koseri were also the most common in the gastrointestinal tract infections in a proporation (36.3%), followed by E.coli (18.1%), S.flexneri (18.1%), P.mirabilisc, Prov.stuartii, Prov.alcalifaciens in a proporation (9%) for each. . While Strept.pneumoniae was the most common(66.7%) in penemonia cases followed by K.pneumoniae (33.3%).The isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotics susceptibility and it has been found that most of these isolates showed high resistance to the studied antibiotics other than Prov. Stuartti was sensitive to all antibiotics except of Rifampicin and Tetracycline. As well as bacterial species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus were sensitive to Amikacin, Staph.aureus was also sensitive to Nitrofurantoin while Staph.warneri was also sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin also Enterobacter aerogenes was resistant to all antibiotics except for Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofuratoin. Eleven of most commonly isolated bacteria which were multidrug resistant were chosen for the curing experiments using SDS to study the relationship of their plasmids with resistant to antibiotics. The results showed that the cured cells of E.coli lost their resistance to Tetracycline Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime which Citro.koseri lost their resistance to Tetracycline while K. ornithinolytica lost resistance to both antibiotics Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin either P.mirabilis lost resistance only to tetracyclin as well as Strept.pneumoniae lost their resistance to Cefotaxime, tracycline and Ampicillin. Which may mean that the genes responsible for resistance to these antibiotics are located on plasmids as proven by the results of electrophoresis.Electrophoresis results also showed that all studied bacterial isolates had the same plasmid profile which may regarded as an epidemiological pointer that plasmids are conjugative which have the ability to transfer antibiotic resistance to other bacterial strains of the same species or to other different bacterial species.

التحديد الجزيئي لبعض عوامل الضراوة في بكتريا Klebsiella spp المعزولة من مصادر سريرية مختلفة == Molecular Identification of Some Virulence Factors In The Bacterium Klebsiella Spp Isolated From Different Clinical Sources

اسم المؤلف: فرقد حسن فليح
اسم المشرف: بهيجة عبيس حمود الخالدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت (150) عينة من المرضى المراجعين والراقدين في مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي والذين يعانون من اصابات مختلفة وللفترة من 1/كانون الاول/2013 ولغاية 1/نيسان /2014 وتضمنت هذه العينات ماياتي : (50) عينة حروق وجروح، (50) عينة ادرار و(50)عينة قشع من المرضى المراجعين | One hundred fifty samples were collected from patients admitted in Al - Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital and suffering from various injuries and for the period from 1 / December / 2013 and up to 1 / April / 2014 these samples in clude : (50) sample burns and wounds, (50) urine and (50) sputum.The results showed that 90 samples (60%) of the total number gave is positive result for the growth.the bacterial isolates were distributed among 35 samples (70%) of burns and wounds, (33) the sample (66%) from urine and (22) sample (44%) from sputum After biochemical and cultural test found that 99 isolate belonging to Different Genus and species of bacteria these isolates include 40 isolate (44.44%) bound and wound isolates Staphylococcus sp was the predoniant in these samples by rate (42.5%), 36 isolate(40%) E.coli was most isolate by rate 50% in urine sample and 23 (25.5%) Klebsiella pneumonia was the most common isolate by rate (78.26%) in these putum.. Sensitivity test results of antibiotics showed that most of the isolates have high resistance against antibiotics used in the study and the most isolates possess multiple resistance (Cross resistance) as shown resistance to most of antibiotics that used in these study. All asolates (% 100) were resistant to nitrofurantin and Tetracycline while(95%)is resistant to ampiciline (90%) of isolate were resistant to thired generation of cephalosporins (ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime) and (%80) of isolate wereresistant to gentamicin and impeneme, finely (%80)of isolate were resistant to azetroname..The results of the molecular detection of genes uge and mag A gene in Klebsiella sp in the 16 (50%) of the isolates had mag A as the 8 (44.44%) of the isolates bacteria K.pneumonia carrier of mag A and 8 isolates of type K.oxytoca had of the gene above the gene uge was his appearance in the proportion of isolates (46.87%) as it appeared in 9 (50%) of the isolates K.pneumonia and 6 isolates (42.87%) of the isolates k.oxytoca..There were relationship between resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and possession of these genes

انتشار المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية وبعض عوامل الضراوة في بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من مستشفيات في النجف المعزولة من مستشفيات في النجف == Molecular Study To Some of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Virulence Factors Isolated From Clinical And Environmental Isolates

اسم المؤلف: ذو الفقار حيدر حسن
اسم المشرف: ماجدة مالك متعب
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لغرض التحري عن وجود الجينات الكروموسومية المسؤولة عن بعض عوامل الضراوة المهمة لجنس Pseudomonas aeruginosa كانتاجها للسم الخارجي A والالجنيت اضافة الى الجينات الكروموسومية المسببة لمقاومة الكوينولونات في العزلات السريرية والبيئية لبكت | This study include investigate the presence of chromosomal quinolone resistance genes and virulence genes(toxA and algD) in clinical and environmental isolates from Al - Sadr Medical city.A total of 110 samples were collected from different clinical sources(burns, wounds, and urine), and 50 from the hospital environment.the samples were collected during 10, Oct, 2012 to 2, Feb, 2013. A total number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates accounted for 89 of 160 samples.The distribution of these isolates were 28 from Burns, 14 wounds, 15 urine, and 32 from hospital environments. Identification of isolates has been accomplished depending on phenotypic diagnostic methods and PCR technique.our study proved that PCR technique depending on oprI and oprL genes was a rapid method for identification of non - pigmented isolates. A total of 20 antibiotics resistant isolates were chosen for Molecular studies. The result reveling that 100% of isolates had a chromosomal mutation in the QRDRs of genes (gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE). High percentage of isolates(45%) carried mutated genes gyrA and parC, followed by 15% of isolates were carried either mutated gene gyrA alone or three mutated genes gyrA, parC, and parE and and 10%of isolates were carried three muted genes gyrA, gyrB, and parC, while gene that encoding to parC mutation were detected in 5% of isolates. Our study is the first study about detection of Quinolone Resistance Determining Regions in P.aeruginosa in Iraq. The results showed the the presence of mexAB - oprM multidrugs efflux system expression in 100%(20) isolates. while the phenotypic test depending on MIC values for ciprofloxacin alone in the presence of efflux inhibitor showed that only 15%(3) isolates had the active efflux pump.

التعبير الجيني للمورث Erg11 وعلاقته بالمقاومة وظاهرة رجوع النمو لبعض عزلات خميرة المبيضات البيضاء المختبرة تجاه مضادات الازول الفطرية == Gene Expression of Erg11 And It’s Relation With Resistance And Trailing Growth Phenomena of Some Isolates of Candida Albicans Tested Against Azole Antifungals

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد الحسين عباس
اسم المشرف: عدنان حمد عبيد الحمداني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى الكشف عن دور المورث Erg11 والتعبير الجيني النسبي له في مقاومة خميرة المبيضات البيضاء C.albicans وعلاقته بنشوء عزلات مقاومة او ظاهرة رجوع النمو Trailing growth لهذه الخميرة عند اختبار حساسيتها الدوائية تجاه بعض مضادات الازول (الفلو | The current study aimed to detect the role of Erg11 gene and its relative expression in the resistance of Candida albicans, and its relationship with the emergence of resistace or Trailing growth isolates when tested its susceptibility against azoles agenst (fluconazole, ketoconazole). A total of 120 specimens were collected from patients of both gender with different ages whom infected with oral thrush, uro - genital and Gastrointestinal candidiasis and admitted the General Teaching Hospital and materinaty and children Teaching Hospital in AL - Diwaniyah city during the period from December/2012 to February / 2013. The isolation and identification of yeast isolates were done based on their morphological, Cultural and biochemical tests in addition to use the confirmatory systems such as the growth on Chrom Agar candida, Api Candida and Tobacco Agar medium to distinguish C.albicans from other yeast spp. Also, some virulence factors of C.albicans such germ tube formation, chlamydospores production, growth at of 45 c and resistance to cycloheximide were detected. The antibiotics sensitivity test was used in two method (disk diffusion & dilution) to determine the sensitive, trailing growth, resistance isolates and minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) toward azole agents. The qRT - PCR was used to detect the relative quantitative of Erg11 gene expression and its relationship with resistance to azole and emergence of trailing growth phenomena in the presence of Fluconazoles and ketoconazole. The isolation and identification results revealed that the isolation percent of C.albicans was 47.05 % incomparison with other Candida species that were 15.3%, 11.76 %, 8.23 % and 5.9 % for C.krusi, C.dubliniensis, C.tropicalis, C. parapsilasis and C.glabrata , respectively. The antibiotic susceptibity tests of C.albicans showed the presence of resistance precent (38.89%) to fluconazole and the most of sensitive isolates revealed a trailing growth phenomena in the zone of growth inhibition of floconazole in a ratio 55.56%. While the resistance percent to ketoconazole was 27.78 % and the sensitive isolates showed the trailing growth in a ratio (38.89%). The statistical analysis showed a significant differences (P <0.05) among tested treatments. The MICs values of fluconazole against C.albicans isolates were 8, 16, and 64 Mg/ml for sensitive isolates and were 0.125 and 0.5 Mg /ml for resistance isolates and the trailing growth phenomena occurred at MICs value ? 8 Mg/ml within 24 hours of incubation while the values became ? 64 Mg/ml after 48 hours of incubation.There was a significant differences (p< 0.05) among tested treatments isolates incubated at 24 hours while there was no significant differences (P>0.05) at 48 hours of incubation. In respect with Ketoconazole, the resistance of C.albicans was increased after 48 hours of incubation at MICs values 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Mg /ml while its was sensitive at values 4, 8 and 16 Mg /ml and the trailing growth phenomena occurred when the MICs ? 2 Mg/ml after 24 hrs of incubation, while it reached to ? 8 Mg/ml after 48 hrs of incubation. There was a significant differences (p< 0.05) among tested treatments incubated after 24 hours while there was no significant differences (P >0.05) among treatments after incubation 48 hours. The results of relative quantitative gene expression for both genes revealed a significant differences (p< 0.05) in gene expression levels through the occurrence of increased in the transcription of mRNA quantity among tested treatments.The up - regulation of Erg11 and fold change in mRNA transcription was 2.498 fold compared with 1.0 for control treatment after 24 hrs of incubation in the presence of antifungal, while the increasment was 12.606 fold after 48 hrs of incubation of isolates with antifungals.

التمنيع والتحدي لبكتريا Citrobacter freundii فاقدة الجدار المسببة لخمج السبيل البولي == Immunization And Challenge For Walled Citrobacter Freundii And Walled Defective That Causing Urinary Tract Infection

اسم المؤلف: عبد الرسول عويد عداي الشبيب
اسم المشرف: قاسم نجم ثويني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Cryptic bacterial infection has been studied in urinary system to Human, where 50 underwent urine samples from patient mostly based consulting auditors Hilla public Education Hospital for the period from November 2012 until Feb. 2013. Patients ranged in age from 20 - 50 years males and females bacterial infection rate was 70% distributed between the cell wall defective bacteria had 38% and 32% cell - wall bacteria and the results showed 30% as negative cases. Amicroscopic examination of the urine sludge Showed clear sovereignty of non - specialized immune response type of mixed cell 34% followed by mononuclear cell 30%. Samples were cultured on routine media (Blood agar , Macchonky agar) and Modified media (Variant agar, Variant broth). Out put diagnosed by bacterial system diagnostics, phen - otypic, microscopically and biochemistry by using the special test for microorganism diagnosis and using API 20 E and the use VITEK 2 to confirm some samples results. Characterized by colonies of cell wall defective bacteria grow on variant agar it resembles fried egg which could seen after staining Deinse stain. Citrobacter freundii recorded 12%, the highest rate among cellwall defective isolates. Sensitivity test for bacterial isolates were screened from U.T.I both two type (CWB & CWDB) showed the highest rate of sensitive to Impinem 100% represented CWDB, as well as the highest rate of resistance to Ampicillin 100% represented by the same group of isolates. experimental study with urinary tract infection by injecting bacterial stuck of Citrobacter freundii to the three groups of rabbits : first group ( 3 Rabbits ) : immunized with viable surface antigen extracted from CWDB, second group : ( 3 Rabbits ) immunized with heat killed surface antigen extracted from CWB, the third group (4 Rabbits) represented control group it been treated with sterile normal saline. the injection process through urethra, and then underwent a histological study, was histological damage to the members of the animal - derived non - immunized (control group) seemed clear was the appearance of symptoms of the total cellular infiltration and disruption of the mucous layer and epithelial and other symptoms. The immunized animals have shown their ability to defy injury. It is the study of serological reactions to bacterial antigens Citrobacter freundii immunized with vaccines for rabbits given high caliber agglutination with its specialized vaccines and low with adversity and that the absorption and the corresponding and variant antigen does not remove the agglutination effectiveness with immune sera prepared suggesting that the absorption is incomplete and that the difference between the wall and a wall defective in terms of antigenic is quantitative and qualitative.

تاثير انزيم SNase المنقى من العنقودي في الغشاء الحياتي للايشيركية القولونية والكليبسيلا الرئوية == Impact of Snase Purified From Staphylococcus Aureus On Biofilm of Klebsiella Pneumoniae And Escherichia Coli

اسم المؤلف: هند تحسين ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: حارث جبار فهد المذخوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: SDS - PAGE showed that a single sharp band with an approximately 16.8 KDa molecular weight has been seen. A matter indicates that the enzyme is consistently pure. PCR technique was applied to approve the existence of nuc gene in S.aureus Nevertheless, only those which depicted positive results on DNase agar harboured nuc gene, as it is specified by single band appearance of nuc at assumed molecular weight (ca. 255 pb) of marker that being used. The current study findings highlighted the participation of SNase purified from S. aureus in significant (P< 0.05) preventing biofilm formation by E. coli and K. pneumoniae compared with untreated controls. Evidently, the inhibitory effect of SNase on biofilm formation is undoubtedly perceived, indicating the degradation of the structural major component of biofilm formation (i.e. extracellular DNA). Results revealed that SNase was able to significantly (P< 0.05) reduce the number of the uropathogens; E. coli and K. pneumoniae attached to the uroepithelial cells. 1 Chapter one : Introduction and literature Review 1. Introduction and Literature Review 1.1. Introduction Staphylococcus aureus is a persistent human pathogen that is responsible for a range of diseases that vary widely in clinical presentation and severity. The pathogenesis of S. aureus infection is a complex process involving a diverse array of secreted and surface - associated virulence determinants that are coordinately expressed at different stages of infection (Loughman et al., 2009). Escherichia coli is a genetically diverse species that causes a variety of infections which fulfill many or all of the proposed criteria for biofilmassociated infections (Kaper et al., 2004). Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of nosocomial infections. One important factor associated with virulence in K. pneumoniae is its capacity to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms (Cruz et al., 2012). Bacteria often exist as sessile communities called biofilms which are exquisite structures caused by a genetically programmed developmental process. It is estimated that biofilms are involved in 65% of human bacterial infections, since cells in biofilms are 1000 times more resistant than cells in the planktonic state, making medical treatments fail (Shal? et al., 2011). Extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays a significant role in biofilm formation, as revealed by studies in several bacteria including E. coli (Nakao, 2012) and K. pneumoniae (Whitchurch et al., 2002); however, there is no definite proof on a cause - and - effect relationship between DNA release and biofilm formation (Beenken et al., 2012) or becomes a key component of the macromolecular scaffold in many different biofilms (Jakubovics et al., 2013). In rare cases eDNA has been shown to inhibit bacterial settlement. Therefore, it is possible that nuclease mediated eDNA degradation would therefore promote adhesion. Consequently, it is not clear whether microbial nucleases contribute to the gross biofilm structure in clinically relevant situations (Sheilds et al., 2013). 2 Chapter one : Introduction and literature Review All previous studies used both commercial bovine and recombinant human DNaseI in the disruption of medically important biofilms; whilst, extracellular nuclease of S. aureus (SNase) was used against biofilm of S. aureus themselves (Benenken et al., 2012b ; Kiedrowski et al., 2014). Thus, to date, the role of S. aureus exonucleases in biofilm of other bacteria remains unclear. However, in the present study SNase is used against biofilm of other bacterial species (viz. K. pneumoniae and E. coli). To address this, the following steps were undertaken : 1 - Investigating the negative impact of SNase extracted from S. aureus on K. pneumoniae and E.coli biofilm formation. 2 - Studying the preventive activity of SNase on the adherence of K. pneumoniae and E. coli on uroepithelial cell.

دراسة وبائية وسريرية لمرض الجيارديا Giardiasis في اطفال مدينة الشرقاط وضواحيها == Parasitic Study of Giardiasise Among Children in Sharqat City

اسم المؤلف: علي حمد طلال موسى الجبوري
اسم المشرف: حسين ساهر اسود العبيدي | عبد الله حسين عبد الله الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة لبيان تاثير طفيلي الجيارديا المعوي على صحة الاطفال في قضاء الشرقاط لـ(250) طفل، تم اختيارهم بصورة عشوائية، اذ تراوحت اعمارهم من شهر - 15 سنة وللمدة ما بين شهر تشرين الاول 2006 لغاية شهر تشرين الاول 2007، تم فحص عينات الغائط من كل طفل بال

دراسة بيئية ونوعية لمشروع تصفية ماء الكرخ في الطارمية == An Ecological And Qualitativ Study for Al - Karkh Drinking Water Plane At Al - Tarmia

اسم المؤلف: احمد توفيق احمد المشهداني
اسم المشرف: رياض عباس عبد الجبار
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نظرا لما لمياه الشرب من اهمية كبيرة في حياة الانسان وضرورة ان تكون هذه المياه ضمن مواصفات ومعايير خاصة, فضلا عن ظهور العديد من مشاكل تلوث مياه الشرب في مختلف مدن العراق. دعت الحاجة لاجراء هذه الدراسة لبيان مدى صلاحية مياه الشرب المنتجة من مشروع تصفية ماء | Owing to the drinking water of great importance in human life and it is important to be under the specifications and standards, as well as the emergence of many of the problems of contamination of drinking water in various cities of Iraq. Needed to conduct this study to demonstrate the viability of drinking water produced from the project filter water Karkh (which is the largest project the liquidation of water in the Middle East, it is feeds many of the cities of Baghdad, on the side of Karkh) and compare the specifications of Iraq and the global standard for drinking water in order to investigate the potential weaknesses in the project and study the possibility of the development of such large projects as a first step to improving the situation of drinking water in Iraq. So were the tests, physical, chemical and biological common to drinking water in the project and divided into four main stations, namely, (station socket raw water, sedimentation basins secondary sand filters, pumps, distribution of drinking water), including nine stations secondary starting of the month of October - 2010 to July - 2011.The results showed high values of turbidity, and electrical condactivety and pH, and dissolved oxygen, and biological dimond of oxygen, and alkalinity, and total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, phosphate, nitrite, silica, fluoride, sodium, potassium, and heavy metals, namely, (iron, copper and cadmium, nickel, lead, chromium and zinc), and the total numbers of bacteria, and total coliform bacteria, the fecal coliform bacteria and E. Coli in drinking water for most of the stations in the Alsta spring and low concentrations in summer and autumn.Values for water temperatures between (4 - 37.5) c, as recorded differences significant between the months of winter and spring, summer and autumn, and the values of brownish discharge ranged between (250 - 0.3) NTU as it showed the differences of the moral high values of turbidity in the winter and fall in the summer and fall in each stage of the treatmant with it, and the values of electrical conductivity was between (520 - 895) Micro Siemens / cm 3. The water Alnehrualcherb in the project was registered as a weak base pH values between (9.7 to 1.7), and it was well ventilated, as the oxygen values were high in the winter months registered clear monthly variation ranging between (5.14 - 2.3) mg / L, either values biologicaldimond of oxygen were values between (4.4 - ND) mg / L and found that basal total stations ranged from every stage of the liquidation potential in increasing concentrations of dissolved oxygen, between (160 - 100) mg / L, and found that drinking water hardness too, as that the values of total hardness ranged between ( - 215 335) mg / L as suited their values directly proportional to both the calcium and magnesium hardness ranging between (197 - 139) and (31.472 - 16.128) mg / L, respectively, while for the values of the chloride ranged between (69 - 25) mg / l, while the fluoride has recorded values ranged between (15 - 0.05) mg / L, with values ranging between sulfate (169.2 - 90) mg / L, free chlorine residual values ranged between (4.18 - 1.1) mg / L, and materials for suspended solids ranged values between (84 - ND) mg / L proven contribution stages of liquidation, all in the rates of removal of different, either TDS fluctuated values between (545 - 315) mg / L, with log Aluminum values ranged between (0.98 - 0.01) mg / L, but for the potassium values ranged between (3.2 - 2.15) mg / L, and sodium values ranging between (6.31 to 3.21) mg / liter.As for the concentrations of heavy metals did not detect any significant concentration of heavy metals measured except for iron ranging between concentrations (9.2 to 8.1) mg / L, so after the industrial plants that contain the droppings of these metals. The nutrient values were recorded between nitrite (0.024 - 0.001) mg / Trosgelt nitrate values between (1.7 - 0.16) mg / l, recorded between ammonia (0.54 - ND) mg / L, placed at either phosphate values ranged between (0.26 - ND) mg phosphorus atom - phosphate / L, while for the values of silica fluctuated between values (5.12 to 5.1) mg atom of silicon - silica / liter. As for the study of signs bacteriological ranged the total numbers of bacteria in air through (24) hours between (555 - 0) × 10 cells / 1 ml, and ranged in numbers for a period of (48) hours between (1186 - 0) 10 × cells / 1 ml, while for the numbers of total coliform bacteria fluctuated between (1700 - 0) cells / 100 liters, and fecal coliform bacteria, they ranged (1100 - 0) cells / 100 ml, and the E.coli bacteria, the numbers fluctuated between (1100 - 0) cells / 100 ml. For to match the drinking waterproduced from the projects liquefaction research found matching the values and concentrations of brownish, and connectivity electrical and pH, and dissolved oxygen, and the requirement is vital for oxygen, and basic college, and chloride, and ten college, and magnesium, nitrite, phosphate, and the total numbers of bacteria, and the numbers of total coliform bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria and E Coli, and silica with the standard specifications for drinking water the Iraqi and global at all stations.While the study results show non - conformity of calcium concentrations in this study with the standard specifications for drinking water of Iraq and the world.

عزل وتشخيص البكتيريا Bacillus thuringiensis ودراسة تاثيرها في بعض المقاييس الحياتية لذبابة ثمار القرعيات (Diptera : Tephritidae) Dacus ciliatus == Isolation And Identification of Bacillus Thuringiensis And Studying Its Effects On Some Biological Parameters For Dacus Ciliatus (Diptera : Tephritidae)

اسم المؤلف: ادريس صالح جليل
اسم المشرف: عدنان نعمة عبد الرضا العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة عزل البكتيريا Bacillus thuringiensis من مصادر بيئية مختلفة في محافظة ديالى وتشخيصها بالطرق الكيموحيويه والوراثية والجزئية، اذ جمعت 51 عينة من ترب مختلفة وهي(زراعية وحديقة وغير زراعية) وكذلك من الماء، من خمسة اقضية في محافظة ديالى (بعقوبة | This study included the isolation of pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis from different environmental sources in Diyala province, diagnosis biochemical and genetic partial ways, Mar 50 samples collected from different soils, namely, (agricultural soils and garden soils and non - agricultural soils) as well as from the water, from five districts in the province of Diyala (Baquba, Khalis, Muqdadiyah, Khanaqin, Balad Ruz) for the period from 1 \ 9 \ 2014 to 20 \ 11 \ 2014. Showed the results of biochemical diagnosis and the presence of four samples and by percent 8% It was of a negative for transplantation bacterial and 46 sample growth by percent 92% It was of a growth positive for transplantation bacterial and found that 41 samples of which by percent 82% belong to the genus Bacillus and the species of Bacillus thuringiensis and the percentage of bacteria isolated of agricultural soils 94% and soils garden 93% and water 75%, and soils non - agricultural 44%. The pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis of positive bacteria a gram dye and spore forming and The most of the natural habitat this bacterium is soil and it is capable of producing the diversified varieties of crystalline proteins with insecticide property. All isolates were tested for this bacteria that which were able growth on the media selective Acetate Sodium Selective and the production of insecticidal crystalline proteins (ICP) When staining by dye Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) to conduct genetic partial diagnosis using several extraction (Mini gDNA Bacteria kit) processed by Bioneer company was the purity of DNA extracted ranging between (20.1 - 1.22) for all selected isolates, have been diagnosed with the bacteria at the level of genus and species Using the gene 16S rDNA with a molecular weight of 380 base pairs where the results showed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that all isolates contain this gene and the same molecular weight which is 380 base pairs, also was diagnosed isolates containing the gene component crystalline proteins which cry a e molecular weight 200 base pairs using primer a specialist for this gene in polymerase chain reaction showed the results of gene doubled that all isolates contained the gene and the same molecular weight of 200 base pairs. After making sure of pathogenic bacteria as belonging to the genus Bacillus and species Bacillus thuringiensis according to their chemical diagnostics biochemical and diagnostic genetic partial, attended different concentrations They (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) g/L of thebio preparation for these bacteria to study their impact on the different roles of Cucurbits fruit fly Daus ciliatus. Has been tested the effect of different concentrations of bio - preparation of these bacteria isolated from soil and water on the roles of this insect which eggs and larvae and pupa and AdultsThe results of test the effect of bio - preparation of these bacteria on the eggs of age (1 - 2) Since the highest rate of hatchling (3.2) and by (89%) at a concentration of 1 g / l of bio - preparation and lowest hatchling (0.6) and by (19%) at a concentration of 5 g / L of bio - preparation comparison with control (3.2) and by (96%) for the isolated bacteria from soil Since the highest rate of hatchling (3.1) and by (92%) at a concentration 1 g / L of bio - preparation and lowest hatchling (2.1) and by (62%) at a concentration of 5, 4 g / L of bio - preparation comparison with control (3.2) and by (96%) for isolated bacteria from water, and on The last larval phase, The highest the value of the rate of highest (2.0) and by (99%) at a concentration of 5 g / L of bio - preparation and The less the value of the rate of loss (0.5) and by (26%) at 1g / L of bio - preparation concentration compared with the control treatment (0.07) and by (%3) for isolated bacteria from soil.reached its highest value the loss rate (1.2) and by (57%) at a concentration of 5 g / L of bio - preparation and less the value of the loss rate (1.0) and by (6%) at a concentration 1 g / L of bio - preparation comparison with control (0.07) and by (3%) for the bacteria isolated from water and on pupa age(6 - 7) day, reaching the highest rate of emergence of pupa (3.2) and by (92%) at a concentration of 1 g / L of bio - preparation and less the emergence of pupa rate (0.4) and (13%) at a concentration of 5 g /L of bio - preparation comparison with control (3.2) and by 96% for bacteria isolated from soil reaching the top of the emergence of pupa rate (3.1) and by (92%) at a concentration of 1 g / L of bio - preparation and less the emergence of pupa rate (2.1) and by (62%) at a concentration of 5 g / L of bio - preparation comparison with control (3.2) and by (96%) for bacteria isolated from water. and on kill adult, The highest killing rate for males (1.6) and by (32%) and females (1.5) and (30%) at a concentration of 5 g / l of bio - preparation and less killing of the male rate (0.5) and (10%) and females (0.4) and by (13%), comparison with control males (0.1) and by (2%) and females (0.1) and by (2%) for the isolated bacteria from soil. The highest kill the male rate (0.8) and by (32%) and females (0.7) and (30%) at a concentration of 5 g / L of bio - preparation, and less killing of the male rate (0.2) and (4%) and females (0.4) and by (13%) at a concentration of 1 g / L of bio - preparation comparison with control males (0.1) and by (2%) and females (0.1) and by (2%)for the isolated bacteria from water and one female productivity of egg reached its highest production rate eggs 84.5 eggs per female at a concentration of 1 g / L of bio - preparation, and less egg production rate of 54.5 eggs per female at a concentration of 5 g / L of bio - preparation comparison with control eggs productivity rate of 87.5 egg female for isolated bacteria from soil reaching its highest egg production rate (85%) eggs per female at a concentration of 1 g / L of bio - preparation, and less egg production rate (79.5%) eggs per female at a concentration of 5 g / L of bio - preparation, compared with treatment control productivity rate of whites (85.5%) eggs per female for isolated bacteria from the water

تقييم فعالية مستخلصات مستنبت القمح Triticum aestivum في بعض الانواع البكتيرية المسببة لاخماج مختلفة == Evaluation The Activity of Germinated Wheat Extractions Triticum Aestivum on Some Bacterial Species That Cause Different Infections

اسم المؤلف: اسماء عيسى محمود
اسم المشرف: رشيد حميد حسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study had included isolation and diagnosis of three hundred samples for both sexes their ages were between (1 - 60) years of the inpatients and outpatients in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and General Samarraa Hospital during the period from 1/9 / 2011 to 1/3/2012. The infections were distributed among the burns infections, the wounds, urinary tract infections (UTI) and female genital tract infections (High vagina). This study clarified that (192) sample from the total samples showed bacterial growth in percentage 64%. The results of this study indicated to the proportion 58% with (UTI) by (87) bacterial isolation were produced from (150) isolation. The percentage of burns infections were 81.81% from (55) sample which distributed among the first, second and third class burns. The burns of second and third class gave bacterial growth in a proportion 100% while the first class burns gave 64.28%. Concerning the wounds infections, bacterial growth was 62.9% from (62) sample. The infections proportion of (H.V) was 63.63% from (33) sample. The results of the current study showed that the infections in females were higher that in males with respect to (UTI), while there was not considered difference between the males and females about the burns and wounds infections. Differently, the (H.V) infections were just for the females in the ages between (18 - 45). It was clear according to the results of diagnosis that Escherichia coli had the highest proportion of isolations 25.52% from the total isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus 18.23% Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.63%, both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus miribilis 10.42% Staphylococcus epidermidis 4.69% Citrobacter freundii 4.17%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3.64% both Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis 2.6%, Streptococcus pyogenes 1.56% and Staphylococcus intermedius had the least percentage 0.5% by one from (192) isolate. The sensitivity of these isolates was tested by (10) antibiotic which included quinolones, aminoglycosides, beta - lactams and tetracyclines antibiotics. Among these antibiotics imipenem and ciprofloxacin were more effective, while the other antibiotics were different either active or not active at all.The wheat germinating was used in this study with the ages (36 - 48) hour and its activity was tested by using some bacterial kinds. After completing several quantitative and qualitative tests on this germinating, the carbohydrates proportion was between 67 - 70%, the protein proportion by folin method was between 10 - 8%, the lipids proportion was 1.5%.Some mineral elements in germinated wheat were estimated which include Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Potassium, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Selenium, and Sodium element, active materials were also estimated in the wheat germinating extracts which had inhibitory effect on the microbiology. It was clear by the tests that the germinating contains a lot of Phenolic compounds, Terpeniods, glycosides and steroids. These materials were extracted by using some extracts included the cold water extracts and hot water extracts, alcoholic extracts (ethanol and methanol) and phenolic extract. All the extracts prepared in concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200) mg/ ml. This study showed that the phenolic extract had high effect on the bacterial kinds in comparison with the methanolic and ethanolic extracts at (200) mg/ ml concentration while the cold water extract had less effect on these bacterial isolates in comparison with the above extracts, finally the hot water extract had no inhibitory effect against any isolated bacterial type with all the concentrations. The inhibitory action of these extracts was compared with some antibiotics as a control sample. These antibiotics represents different groups of antibiotics and which contained Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ceftazidime in addition to Augmentin.In this study the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fenolic, alcoholic and watery extracts was determined and the concentration was different according to the extract type, the bacterial type and the isolation site.

دراسة تاثير مستخلصات نباتي القرنفل والخروع على نمو بعض الفطريات المنتجة لانزيم البروتييز والمسببة لالتهاب الاذن الخارجية == Study Effect of Syzigium Aromaticum And Ricinus Communis Extracts on Growth of Some Fungi That Produce Protease And Cause Otitis Externa

اسم المؤلف: بتول عمران ذيب
اسم المشرف: خليل ابراهيم بندر النعيمي | ذكرى احمد حمادة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2009
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ضمنت الدراسة عزل وتشخيص الفطريات من الاذن الخارجية في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي - وحدة الاذن والانف والحنجرة والعيادات الخاصة في مدينة تكريت, خلال الاشهر تموز, اب وايلول 2008. جمعت 100 مسحة اذنية من المرضى المشخصة اصابتهم بالتهاب الاذن الخارجية الفطري من قبل | The study was included isolation and identification of fungi from the external ear in Tikrit teaching hospital, the unit of Ear, Nose, and throat (E.N.T.) and Privete clinics in the city of Tikrit during the months July, august, and September2008. 100 ear swabs were collected from the patiants whose diagnosed by Otologists with Otomycosis, and 50 ear swaps were collected from healthy persons in the same city and period time, These samples were examined by dierect microscopic examination treated with KOH 10% with hot flame to ensure the fungal infections, and Culturing on Sabouraud, s Dextrose Agar was done for isolation and identification of types of fungi which responseple for infection, The result of direct microscopic examination and culture showed that 76(76%) were positive for fungi, 64 were positive by direct microscopic examination and culture, and 12 posative in culture only. The most common fungi isolated from patient were Aspergillus Spp.36). (%22 followed by Candida Spp. (%67. 10), Trichophyton Spp(%6.5) , and Penicillium spp. (%3.94%), Aspergills niger appeared as the predominant fungi (%84. 36) followed by Aspergillus flavus (%36. 22), Candida albicans (42. 18%), Aspergills terrous (7.89%) , Candida kruzi, Penicillium spp (3.94%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Trichophyton verrucosum (63. 2%) and Trichophyton scheonlieni (%1.31), and no fungi were isolate from the healthy person. Higher percentage of fungi infection were recorded in female 46(60.52%) than male 30(39.47%). and the higher percentage for fungal infection was recorded in the age group (31 - 40) with percentage (23.68%). fungal ear infection was recorded with highest percentage in right ear 47 (61.84%), and for the left ear 29 (38.15%). and high rate of infection was recorded in august (73.69%), Higher percentage of infection was recorded in patient house wives (52.36%), the itching was the most commen symptom , The most habits used to clean the ear by dearty body (51.31%), Ahigher percentage (76.4%) recorded in non educated persons. The results of active ingredients test for Syzigium aromaticum and Ricinus communis revealed that clove dry flower buds contain Flavonoides, Glycosides, Tannins, Volatile oils, Terpenes, Resins, and Phenols, while castor leaves contain Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oils, Terpenes, Resins, Saponins and Phenols, pH of clove bud 4.3 and pH of castor leaves 5.8. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were Prepeared, which belongs to Syzigium aromaticum and Ricinus communis under the study, commercial oil for clove and seed castor were used in the study, the effects of inhibition of Aqueous and Alcoholic extracts and commercial oil had been studied on the growth and protease production on the three fungi which were showed the high ratio appeared among the isolation sample under the study with 5 concentration 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 (mg /ml), and the affected rate of these extracts and oils under the study on fungi were varied. The relation between Aqueous extract of clove bud and fungi growing was increasing relation, While Alcoholic Extract and commercial oil showed preference in the inhibition of the isolated fungi grown while its effect on Candida albicans was increase with increase the concentration, The effect of aqueous and Alcoholic Extract of castor leaves on Moulds showed reverse effect. on the other hand the commercial oil effect was slight effect, and both extracts did not showed effect on the Candida albicans as well as the Commercial oil.When adding Clove Extracts and Commercial oil and in all concentrations dose not gave any production of the Protease enzyme in the solid media, whereas the extracts of castor leaves and commercial oil were showed effects on the production of Protease enzyme, and Aspergills niger was more effected and these extracts did not showed an effect on the Candida albicans.Aqueous and Alcoholic extract and commercial oil to the Clove revealed higher influence rate than the effect of the Castor leaves extract , and in a different rate

التحري عن بعـض عوامل الفوعة لبكتريا المكورات Enterococci المعوية المقاومة للمضاد الحيوي الفانكومايسين == Detection of Some Virulence Factors of Vancomycin - Resistant Enterococci

اسم المؤلف: حيدر صباح كاظم الخماسي
اسم المشرف: مي طالب فليح
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم الحصول على (20) عزله لبكتريا المكورات المعوية البرازية من اصل (135) عينة جمعت من مستشفى مدينة الطب ومستشفى الكندي وهي كما ياتي (15 عينة الادرار, 60 عينة دم, 50 عينة من قنوات الجذر للاسنان و10 عينة من الحروق).اختبرت الحساسية لهذه العزلات العشرون لـ 11 | Clinical sampling was carried out between September and December 2013, Twenty Enterococcus faecalis isolates were obtained from 135 clinical specimens. The samples included of patients in Medical City Hospital and Al - kindy Hospital (15 urine, 60 blood, 50 root canal and 10 wound swabs) Antibiotics susceptibility test for 20 isolates was done against 11 antibiotics, it was revealed that the isolates showed multi drug resistance were (18) isolates. The vancomycin susceptibility was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Resistant and intermediate resistant to vancomycin was distributed among isolates at a ratio of 65% and 20%, respectively. Imipenem was found to be the most bactericidal agent against E. faecalis isolates E. faecalis virulence factors were detected phenotypically, The results showed that all isolates (100%) were hemolysin, protease and aggregation substance producer. 30% of isolates showed an ability to produce gelatinase. While (40.7%) of the isolates were a lipase producer. The results of the tube method showed that all E. faecalis isolates (100%) were slime layer and biofilm producer but the amount of adherent layer were different among the isolates ranged from strong to moderate and weak.The extracted DNA was subjected to Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in a monoplex pattern to amplify the virulence factor Enterococcal Surface Protein (esp) which is chromosomal, results of this investigation showed that 20 (100%) E. faecalis isolates gave the amplicon size 933 base pair for the esp gene.The genetic determinants of Vancomycin - Resistant vanA and vanB genes were amplified using monoplex and multiplex PCR techniques in order to identify vancomycin resistant (van+) and sensitive (lacking van) among (13) E. faecalis. The vanA, vanB genes were detected in 11 and 4 E. faecalis isolates, respectively. The results of monoplex and multiplex PCR revealed that the molecular weight of vanA and vanB genes were 550 and nearly 600 bp, respectively. The results revealed that the vanA and vanB amplicons have a genetic variation in their molecular weight during the electrophoresis of PCR product.

تشخيص المسببات البكتيرية والفايروسية لخمج الاغشية السحائية في مدينة الموصل == Detection of Bacterial And Viral Causes of Meningitis in Mosul

اسم المؤلف: قاسم مصطفى خالد
اسم المشرف: علي صالح حسين الجبوري | اميرة محمود محمد الراوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة اجراء عدد من الاختبارات العيانية والكيميائية على عينات سائل النخاع الشوكي (CSF) cerebrospinal fluid البالغة 152 عينة والتي جمعت من الاطفال الراقدين في مستشفى الخنساء التعليمي ومستشفى ابن الاثير التعليمي في مدينة الموصل لحديثي الولادة لغاية 1 | This study includes performing of macroscopical and chemical and Microbial tests on 152 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from hospitalized children in Al - khansaa and Ibn - Al - Atheer teaching hospitals in Mosul city with ages ranged from newbornn to 12 years old. Suspected to be infected with meningitis during the interval from August 2009 till April 2010.The results showed that 46.1% of samples were normal with respect to colour and appearance as well as variations in the levels of the three variables including glucose, protein and total cell count with differential cells in the studied samples.The study also included isolation and identification of gram positive and negative bacteria, morphological, cultural and biochemical tests and API were done depending on identification of the isolated bacteria.Many types of isolated gram positive bacteria belonged to the two genera staphylococcus and streptococcus; the results revealed that S.aureus was the more predominant within gram positive causes. Well as many types of gram negative bacteria were isolated represented with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter spp. E.coli and Neisseria meningitidis with different percentages with dominance of K.pneumonia and H.influenzae.The study also included screening of some viral causes of meningitis from (35) CSF samples which gave negative culture results by using qualitative Enzyme immunoassays technique using Minividas apparatus.The results showed positive results with 14.2% for two types of virus including Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Cytomegalo virus (CMV).The study indicated that males were more compared with Females with 55.9% and 44.1% to males and females respectively and highest infection rate occurred in 1 day - 2 years old.Statistical analysis showed the presence of significant correlation between sex, age and the three varieties glucose, protein and total cell count the results showed there is no significant differences between the studied factors.The study also includes sensitivity for some antibiotics, the results showed that gram positive bacteria were the more sensitive to Vancomycin and Cefatriaxone as well as Clindamycin while gram negative bacteria showed sensitivity and resistance percentages of bacteria in general were varied to other antibiotics under study.

دراسة الانماط المصلية وعوامل الضراوة لبكتريا E.coli المعزولة من حالات خمج المجاري البولية لدى النساء في محافظة ديالى == A Study On Serotypes And Virulence Factors of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Women With Urinary Tract Infections In Diyala Province

اسم المؤلف: لارة محمود شفيق السوره ميري
اسم المشرف: محمد خليفة خضير
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت هذه الدراسة 350 عينة ادرار وسطي ومنها تم الحصول على 100عزلة من بكتريا الاشريشيا القولونية المعزولة من النساء المصابات بالتهابات المجاري البولية في مستشفى خانقين العام, ومستشفى بعقوبةالتعليمي, ومستشفى البتول للولادة والاطفال في محافظة ديالى من الفترة | The study was included 350 samples of Mid - stream urine and which has been obtained 100 isolates of Escherichia coli from women with Urinary Tract Infections in Khanaqin General Hospital and Baaquba Teaching Hospital and Al - Batool Hospital in Diyala Province. All samples were collected from 2013/10/15 to 18/2/2014. All bacterial isolates were identified by the biochemical cultural, serological teast and microbial characteristics and confirmed by VITEKA2, API - 20E system. The serological test was performed by slide agglutination test for the urine isolates and 19 of them 19% gave positive results for the polyvalent antisera O26, O55, O111, O119, O126. The results showed the susceptibility 57 bacterial isolates to produce hemolysin with percentage 57%, and production of bacteriocin Form71%. The production of biofilm by local isolates were detected in three ways, isolates of Escherichia coli has shown its ability to produce biofilm by a manner ELISA, adhesion Surface methods, and a Congo - red methods as apercentage 90%, 83%, 78% respectively. The results showed that 88% from Escherichia coli isolates were able to produce ? - lactamase enzymes by rapid iodometric method, and 4% of isolates have the ability to produce of the Extendended spectrum ? - Lactamase enzyme by using disc Approximation, while 2% of isolates have the ability to produce of Metalo ? - lactamase enzymes by using the Imp - EDTA combination dis casmanaged. The sensitivity of these isolates were tested against (16) antibiotics, the results induct that E.coli had resistance to the antibiotics : Augmentin, Aztreonam, Ampicillin, Co - trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol with the rates 100%, 93%, 92%, 89% and 86% respectively. The isolates were more sensitive to Ceftazidime, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefixime with resistance rate 41%, 38%, 35% and 30% respectively. The antibiotics Imipenem and Tobramycin were more sensitive with sensitive rate 100% and 80% respectively. Multiple resistance pattern for antibiotic divided into two groups, first included 69 isolates 69% which were resistant to 6 - 10 antibiotics, while second included 31 isolates 31% were resistant to11 - 15antibiotics.

بعض المؤشرات المناعية عند مرضى الحروق في مدينة بعقوبة == Some Immunological Parameters In Burn Patients In Baquba City

اسم المؤلف: عبد الله خزعل محسن القيسي
اسم المشرف: عباس عبود فرحان الدليمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة في مختبرات مستشفى بعقوبة التعليمي التابعة لمحافظة ديالى خلال المدة الزمنية المحصورة من 1 /2014/10 الى 2015/ 7 /1 وتضمنت هذه الدراسة ثلاث مجاميع هي مجموعة المرضى تالفت من 70 شخصا من المرضى الراقدين في ردهة الحروق التابعة للمستشفى اعلاه بواقع | The study was conducted at Baquba teaching hospital in Diyala province during the period October 2014 - July 2015. The study included three groups, a total of 70 patients who were admitted at burn department they were 33 (47.14%) female and 37 (52.85%) male with age range from (1 - 60) year, 40 (57.14%) of 1 - 20 year, 25 (35.71%) of 21 - 40 year and 5 (7.14%) of 41 - 60 year, and three degrees of burns, 15 (21.42%) of the first degree of burn, 34 (48.57%) of the second degree of burn and 21 (30%) of the third degree of burn. The polices of the two people who did not suffer from any medical condition, the first group consisted of 30 people to 14 (46.66%) female and 16 (53.33%) male. And the second set especially cellular Dynamics consist of 10 people included 5 (50%) females and 5 (50%) male, note that sets the polices were distributed to the same age groups above. C - Reactive protein is positive measured effectively using latex examination and rely on the presence of altlasn from non existence, while conducted examinations alghlobulinat immuneglobulins IgG and IgM, and complement components C3 and C4 by single Radial Immuno diffusion and conducted tests kinematics cellular IL - 2 and IL - 6 using adsorption - linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results of the study showed significant difference when level (P < 0.05) for CRP value reaching up to his cause the immune index in patients group compared with the control group. While results of IgG concentration showed great differences at the level of (P < 0.01) in female patients with average (1103.02 mg/dl) and males average (1136.05 mg/dl) compared to the control group females average (977.90 mg/dl) and males average (1038.00 mg/dl). While results of IgM concentration showed great differences (P<0.01) in female patients with average range (242.84 mg/dl) and males average (233.50 mg/dl) compared to the control group females average (124.37 mg/dl) and males an average of (93.10 mg/dl). While results of C3 concertration showed significant differences (P<0.05) in female patients with average range (94.87 mg/dl) and males an average of (131.40 mg/dl), compared to the control group females average (98.6 mg/dl) and males average (93.10 mg/dl). While the results of C4 concentration showed significant differences (P<0.05) in female patients with average range (41.31 mg/dl) and male average (37.78 mg/dl) compared to the control group females average (24.62 mg/dl) and males an average of (25.50 mg/dl). The results of IL - 2 concentration showed great differences (P<0.05) in male patients only average (30.16 pg/ml) compared to the control group average of (29.66 pg/ml). While results of IL - 6 concentration showed significant differences (P<0.01) in female patients with average range (63.39 pg/ml) average male (66.47 pg/ml) compared to the control group females average (2.48 pg/ml) and males average (22.80 pg/ml). Moreover the results of immunological indices the significant differences between age groups and burning scores of people with burns in comparison with the control group

انتشار انزيمات بيتالاكتاميز نوع OXA بين عزلات بكتيريا الزوائف الزنجارية في مدينة الديوانية == Prevalence of OXA Beta - Lactamaes of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa In Al - Diwaniya City

اسم المؤلف: رنا مشعل سالم
اسم المشرف: سيوف خومان علوان الرماحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aim of This study is to determine the prevalence of OXA ? - lactamase in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical and other environmental cases in Al - Diwaniya Teaching Hospital using phenotypic and molecular methods.The Samples of the study were collected from various sources and they were 390 samples for the period from November 2011 to March 2012, and they includ (292 clinical specimens and 98 environmental sample), the results of cultural and biochemical tests showed that 50 isolates (39 of them were from clinical cases and 11 were from environmental samples), belonged to ps. aeruginosa, and their diagnosis were confirmed by 16s - ribosomal RNA, and the study showed that all the isolates containing the 16s - ribosomal RNA gene, which represents the designed diagnostic gene in this study.The results of this study showed that the higher rate of P. aeruginosa isolates was due to burns infections (23.68 %) , followed by respiratory tract infections (sputum) that were (15.38 %) and then the case to otitis media infections (12.5 %), and lastly that due to urinary tract infections (10.49 %), while the rate isolation from the environmental samples was (5.11 %) from the floor of burns department, followed by (10.8 %) from the medical instruments of department workers.It was noted from this study that the age and gender of the patients have some effect on the infection by P. aeruginosa it was recorded that the higher rate of infection was in patients older then 61 year old, and regarding gender, it was found that females are more infected than male, especially in urinary tract infections. The study showed that there is high rate of infection in the admitted patients, in older people and in those who need urinary catheterization, in addition to those with severe burns and those in the intensive care units. Drug sensitivity test had been carried out for all the bacterial isolates to 22 types of antibiotics by disk diffusion method of Kirby - Bauer, and this study had indicated that there was relatively high resistance from P. aeruginosa to ? - lactam antibiotics, aminoglycoseides, and fluoroquinolone. The results also showed that the studied isolates has possibility of producing broad - spectrum ? - lactames enzymes, and this is supported by the resistance of this bacteria to the third generation cephalosporins and to Alaztronam, it was also shown that there was difference in the resistance to carbapenems antibiotics, the resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem were 16% and 64 %, respectively. Polymyxin B and Polymyxin E also called (Colistin) antibiotics were also used, and the resistance rate %0 for Colistin and %4 for Polymyxin B, that means there was two isolates which are resistant to Polymyxin B and this resistance was a challenge to the success of therapeutic efforts. this study noted that there was 22 (44%) isolates which were resistant to at least three types of antibiotics, and regarded as multi - drug resistant (MDR) and Extensive - drug resistance (XDR) isolates were26 (52%) which was the higher rate among the three types of resistance, The third type of resistance was 2 (4%) which represents the resistance to all types of studied antibiotics (PDR). The ability of these isolates to produce broad - spectrum OXA ? - lactames enzymes groups was investigated thrrough detection of presence of genes blaOXA - 10, blaLCR - 1, blaOXA - 18, blaOXA - 1, blaOXA - 2 in these isolates by using the polymerization chain reaction enzyme technology] (PCR) it showed 50/50 (100%) isolates contain blaOXA - 10 gene, which belongs to the OXA group I, and the results of this study showed no amplification results for blaOXA - 18, blaLCR - 1, blaOXA - 1, blaOXA - 2 genes, which belong to the main groups of broadspectrum OXA ? - lactames enzymes which are OXAgroup II, OXAgroup III and OXA groupV respectively except OXA18 enzyme

دراسة تاثير مستخلصات القرفة (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) والسماق (Rhus coriaria) في التثبيط المايكروبي وبعض المعايير الحيوية في ذكور الجرذان == Study The Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) And Sumac (Rhus Coriaria) Extracts on Microbial Inhibition And Some Biological Parameters in Rats Male

اسم المؤلف: فراس عدنان حسين الزيدي
اسم المشرف: كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت الدراسة في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة / كلية التربية وقسم علوم الاغذية / كلية الزراعة في جامعة تكريت, اذ تضمنت الدراسة التعرف على المواد الفعالة في المستخلصات المائية والكحولية في كل من قلف القرفة وبذور السماق واختبار فعاليتها التثبيطية عند تركيز 10, 25 | This study was conducted in Biology department laboratory / Education college and Food science department in Agriculture college in Tikrit University. the study was conducted to investigated to the aquaies and alcoholic activities extracts from each Cinnamon bark and sumac seeds and assay of inhibition activity concentration at 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/wells against gram positive and negative bacteria and phagocytosis Immunity level after injection by E.coli type, further more to study the effect it in some physiological parameters in male rats after oral administration for 8 days by 50 and 100 mg/kg from rats body weight from each aquais and alcoholic extracts. The results was illustrated the aquaies and alcoholic extracts from each Cinnamon bark and sumac seeds were contains the active groups from compound such as Tannins, Resins, Phenols, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Coumarins. while the effects was found the aquaies extracts a high significantly effects (p < 0.05) from alcoholic by inhibition ability when assay. The Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) from each ones which mass 50 and 125 mg/ml from culture media to inhibition concentration by E.coli and S.pyogen cinnamon bark aquaies extract. it was 75 and 100 mg/ml from culture media to inhibition concentration by E.coli and S.pyogen from alcohol extracting its inhibiting efficiency throw the measure of the diameter of the inhibiting area that has shown that the gratest effect was E.coli bacteria which its diameter of inhibiting area 17 mm and when the concentration is 100 mg/wells from the alcoholic and aquaies extracting and the less effect is S.pyogen and S.aeruginosa in case of the extraction from cinnamon bark it was 17 mm the diameter of inhibiting area of E.coli bacteria. when the concentration 100 mg/wells from aquaies extracting from sumac. whether with alcohol extraction, the bacterial type were similar in their sensitivity in diameter of inhibiting from 18 to 20 mm but the oral administration of the extract on the level of phagocytosis process through the injection of rats in affixed number from E.coli bacteria. The result was illustrated the type of concentration from each cinnamon bark and sumac seeds such as aquaies and alcoholic was caused an increase in the phagocytosis process through the significantly decrease in the number of bacteria with increase of the concentration from the groups that oral administration from extraction that there number wear (zero) on the concentration 100 mg/kg from rats body weight when the time is 120 minute which was equal with effincy of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic on the concentration 5 mg/kg from rats body weight. The result also showed the effect of oral administration from the extraction of cinnamon bark and sumac seeds such as aquaies and alcoholic, that significantly caused the decreased in the concentration of the hemoglobin and Total count red blood cells and the packed cell volume on the concentration 100 mg/kg from the weight but the measures have not significantly changed the parameters MCV, MCH, MCHC with increase of concentration from extraction compared with the group of controlling. The white blood cells also decreased in the significantly aquaeis and alcoholic extracting from the cinnamon bark it was 6.8 × 103/mm3 on the oral administration of the rats from the concentration 100 mg/kg from the body weight of the aquaeis extracting, and 6.8 × 103/mm3 on the oral administration of the rats from the concentration 100 mg/kg from the body weight of the alcoholic extracting, That numbers have not affected during the oral administration from the extractions of sumac only on the concentration 100 mg/kg from the body weight of the alcohol extracting which was 5.6 × 103/mm3 the increase was in the ratio of the number of the neutrophils in the whole extraction alcoholic and aquaies for the both of plants. While the effect of oral administration from the extraction in the lipids profiles was clear in the decrease significantly in the concentration of the glucose and albumin and Urea and uric acid and creatinine and triglyceride and, cholesterol, and the low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), significant increasing in globulin and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in aquaies and alcoholic extraction of sumac seeds while the value of Total protein and HDL is not significantly differtited in aquaies and alcoholic extraction moreover oral administration of the both of plants. The enzyme activity value was included significantly decreased of the Alkaline phosphtase activity value with the increased orally administration from aquaies and alcoholic extracts from both of plants, while increased significantly Aspartames amenotransferase (AST) activity value in all cinnamon extracts while was significantly decreased when administrate from sumac seeds extract, But don’t significantly differ Alanine amenotransferase (ALT) activity value in all concentration from aquaies and alcoholic extracts from both of plants.

علاقة مستوى الزنك والنحاس ببعض المعايير المناعية في الاصابة بداء المقوسات في النساء في محافظة كركوك مع محاولة علاجية في الفئران المختبرية == Relation of Zinc And Copper Levels With Some Immunological Markers in Women With Toxoplamosis in Kirkuk Governorate With Trial To Treatment in Mice

اسم المؤلف: عبير عباس علي
اسم المشرف: حسين ساهر اسود العبيدي | شهاب احمد محمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم دراسة 100امراة مصابة بداء المقوسات Toxoplasmosis الذي يسببه الطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii للفترة من اذار 2007 ولغاية نيسان 2008 راجعن العيادة الاستشارية التابعة لمستشفى كركوك العام في مدينة كركوك. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية ان 56 % من الن | A total of 100 patients suffering from Toxoplasmosis which is infected by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii have been dealt with as subject of the sample during the period from March 2007 to April 2008 at the Consultant Clinic of Kirkuk General Hospital. The results of the present study showed that 56% of the subjects were pregnant and 44%were not. The highest percentage of the infected subjects was of 26 - 30 years old as 30.37% among the pregnant women and 36.35% among the non - pregnant women of the age mentioned above. The highest percentage 37.5% of abortion of the first period of pregnancy was in pregnant women, and 45.53% in non - pregnant women. The results of the study also showed more cases of infected women among those who bred animals in their living places as 69%. It is also found that the highest percentage of the infected women 64% were of those who use the running water for drinking. Moreover, it is noticed that there is an increase in the percentage of the infected women among the uneducated women 38%. The study showed that the percentage of the infection is proportional to residence 63%, the infection increase among women living in rural areas. The percentage of T - lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients were also measured through measuring the percentage of the CD4+ and CD8+cells by using fluorescent microscope.The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in this type of cells.The rate of percentage of CD4+ of the patient's were 31.704±0.116 while the rate of CD4+ in the peripheral blood of the control group was 62.260±0.237.The rate of percentages of CD8+ 19.382±0.080, whereas it was 31.680±0.307 of the control group.The rates of the percentages of CD4+ to CD8+ were also measured, the results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the rate of the percentage in the patient's group 1.642 while it was 1.968 in the control group. The statistic analysis showed significant differences between these tow groups (p<0.05). The intensity of Zinc and Copper has been measured in the serum of the infected women via use of Atomic absorption instrument, a significant decrease (p <0.05) appeared in the rate of Zinc intensity in the serum on the infected women as compared with the control group.The rate of the intensity in patient's group was 4.65% ± 2.628µmol /l while in the control group it was 15.353± 1.640 µmol /l.A significant increase (p<0.05)was also noticed in the intensity of Copper in the patient's group (28.589±4.335 µmol /l)whereas it was 12.854±1.501 µmol /l in the control group. The index of the specific antibodies IgM and IgG related to Toxoplasma gondii was measured by ELISA method, a significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the value of IgM and IgG in the patient's group as compared with the control group. The rate of index for IgM in the patient's group was 1.354±0.05 while it was 0.163±0.05 in the control group. The rate of value of IgG in the patient's group was 1.163±0.074 whereas it was 0.358±0.033 in the control group. In the present study, Toxoplasma gondii was isolated and diagnosed from human as first attempt, and then the infection was created in laboratory mice as an essential step for growing the parasite. The second step was studying the effect of some selected drugs on the experimental treatment for disease of toxoplasmosis created in the mice. The drugs are : Pyrimethamin, Clarithromycin, Spiramycin, Ivermectin.The results of the study showed the effects of these drugs on the tissue cyst formed in the brain and lungs. The number of tissue cysts in the brain of the mouse treated with pyrimethamin was 14.8 ±1.067 after 28 days. Significant differences appeared when this result compared with the control group in which it was 27.4±1.029. The number of tissue cysts formed in lung, tissue in the mouse treated with the same drug after the same period of the time was 6.2±0.583.This showed a significant differences as compared with the control group in which it was 10.2±0.583. No significant differences appeared between both groups as for the treatment by Clarithromycin antibiotic as far as the number of the tissue cysts formed in the brain after 28 days is concerned. The number was 23.8 ±0.86 as compared with the control group 38.6±1.029.The same compared is true of the lungs, tissue. The number of the tissue cysts was 23.8±0.86 as compared with the control group 28.4±1.805. Concerning the antibiotic Spiramycin, the results showed the effectiveness of it in decreasing the tissue cysts formed in the brain.The significant differences were (p<0.05), the rate of the cysts was 9.6±0.6 as compared with the control group in which it was 22.8±1.067.The same effectiveness appeared on the lungs, tissue as the rate of tissue cysts after 28 days of treatment was 4.6±0.509 as compared with the control group in which was 17±1.14 and the significant differences were (p=0.000).The Ivermectin drug showed a great effectiveness in minimizing the number of the tissue cysts formed in the brain and the lungs. The numbers of the tissue cysts formed after 28 days were 3.2±0.374 and 1±0.316 respectively; significant differences are observed when these numbers are compared with the numbers of the control group which were 22±1.843 and 19.4±1.435. Thus, the use of Ivermectin drug is considered as a pioneer and fruitful study since this drug has not been used for the treatment of Toxoplasmosis.

استخلاص وتوصيف المنشط السطحي الحيوي Rhamnolipid من بكتيريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من بعض الحالات السريرية والبيئية == Extraction And Identification of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant From Pesudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates From Clinical And Environmental Cases A Thesis Submitted

اسم المؤلف: مها هاني توفيق الخزرجي
اسم المشرف: ندى صباح رزوقي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث الى التعرف على فاعلية التدريس باستراتيجية التعلم بالتعاقد في تحصيل مادة علم الاحياء لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط وتفكيرهم الابداعي. وللتحقق من ذلك تم صياغة الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاتيتين : 1 - لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (05.0) بين مت | 50 isolates of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained from 201 clinical samples were distributed between Burn Specialist Hospital and teaching laboratories from patients with burns, infected wounds, middle ear infection, urinary tract infection and respiratory tract infection for a period from 1st February till 1st May. And we obtained 50 bacterial isolates from 20 samples from contaminated and non - contaminated soils were distributed different areas of Baghdad for a period of 1st May 2013 till 1st August.Number of cultural microscopically, biochemical and sensitivity to antibiotics tests had been, than diagnosis was confirmed by API20E system.These isolates was tested for ability to production of biosurfactants (rhamnolipid) by haemolysis, oil spreasding test, calculate value of emulisification factor (E24) and measuring surface tension for liquid media. Tow isolates (PS42 and PP8) had been selected, first one was from soil samples and other was from pathological samples because of they have highest productivity, haemolysis ability, oil spreading, highest emulisification factor value and highest in lowering surface tension, there for these tow isolates selected for study their inhibitory activity against types of bacteria. The rhamnolipid was extracted from tow isolates P. aeruginosa PP8 and P. aeruginosa PS42 by using mixture of solvents as was obtained 15.45 g and 18.25 g per liter of each of the PP8 and PS42 respectively. The rhamnolipid was diagnosed by thin layer chromatography technology (TLC) and high - performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that tow bacteria produced three types of rhamnolipids (mono - , di - rhamnolipid and rhamnolipid A). The rhamonlipid efficiency was tested for inhibitory activity against bacteria by measuring diameter of inhibitory zone surrounding holes and discs. The inhibitory activity was high against Bacillus cersus bacteria followed by P. aeruginosa, than Staphylococcus aeraus and the lowest one was E. colli. The inhibitory activity for biosurfactant was approached to inhibitory activity for industrial surfactants. Also in this study has been determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value for biosurfactants and the results varied depending on different types of biosurfactants and type of bacteria and the lowest values for MIC and MBC of biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa PS42 on growth of B. cereus and reached to 16.It was first time at local level for testing inhibitory activity of biosurfactant against pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and P. aeruginosa which was studied in vivo (injuried skin) after introduction these pathogens experimentally into laboratory mice with clinical symptoms appeared in injured skin after 48 hours and then treated mice groups with of 30 mg \ ml concentration of biosurfactants produced from isolates of bacterial (P. aeruginosa PP8 and P. aeruginosa PS42), resulted in a decrease in the time required for healing as found from the results obtained by the different length of period needed for healing (depending on the nature of injury and type of microorganism that causes injury).The mice had been recovered after 5 days when used biosurfactant at concentration 30 mg/ml produced P. aeruginosa PS42 followed by mice recovered after 6 days when used biosurfactants 30 mg/ml produced by P. aeruginosa PP8 in comparison with control group which recovered after 12 days for mice infected with S. aureus. In mice infected with P. aeruginosa recovered after 10 days when used biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa PS42 at concentration 30mg/ml and followed by mice recovered after 12 days when used biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa PP8 at concentration 30mg/ml in comparison with control group which recovered after 17 days.

دراسة بعض مظاهر امراضية الخمج بالمتحولة النسيجية بين الاشخاص في مدينة سامراء == A Stud Y of Some Aspects of Entamoeba Histolytica Pathogenicity Among Peoples in Samarra

اسم المؤلف: صلاح عبد حسن السامرائي
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم شعبان داوود | حسين ساهر اسود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاحياء المجهرية - الطفيليات
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت هذه الدراسة فحص (540) عينة براز من المصابين بالاسهال والمراجعين لمستشفى سامراء العام وذلك خلال الفترة الممتدة بين 1/10/2007الى 1/6/2008 فحصت العينات بطريقة المسحة المباشرة المزدوجة للكشف عن الاطوار الخضرية والمتكيسة لطفيلي اميبا الزحار. واظهرت النتائ | The current study dealt with examination of (540) stool samples for patients with diarrhea who visited the General Hospital of Samarra during 1/10/2007 - 1/6/2008. The samples were examined by double wet direct smear method to identify the trophozoite and cyst stages of Entamoeba histolytica. The results showed that (112) were infected with amoebic dysentery. The total rate was (20.74 %). (262) are males with a rate of infection (19.84 %), whereas, the number of females was (278) with an infection rate (21.58 %). The study showed an increase rate of infection among the rural population, it was (25.71 %), whereas the urban population rate was (16.6 %). The study covered all ages beginning from less than a year to 75 years old. A highest rate of infection was recorded by (10 - 19) years old, it was (29.4%). The study also, found out that a highest rate of infection was during school months, particularly during November (27.5 %). Examinations of complete blood picture which included Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cells volume (PCV), white blood cells count (WBCc), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were done on all patients infected with amoebic dysentery. The results were compared with those of healthy ones (Control Group). The results showed significant differences between the two groups. According to the significant one (P < 0.05), it recorded a decrease (16.9%) in the (PCV) and (25.1%) in the (Hb) and an increase (241.8%) in the (ESR) and (51.5%) in the (WBCc) for those ones infected with amoebic dysentery if compared with the control group. Clinical biochemistry examinations were performed, on blood sugar (Bs), electrolytes such as Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), liver functions tests : total serum bilirubine(TSB), tranceaminase enzyme(GOT, GPT), alkaline phosphetase (AlP), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb). The results showed that there are significant differences between persons infected with amoebic dysentery and the healthy ones according to the significant level (P < 0.05) in these examinations. The study showed a decrease(21.6%) in the (Bs) mean concentration, (16.8%) in the(K+) mean concentration, (5.8%) in the(Ca++) mean concentration, (4.5%)in the (Mg++) mean concentration, (10.5 %) in the (Na+) mean concentration , (17.2%) in the (TP) mean concentration and(12.2%) in the (Alb) mean concentration and increase (83.7%) in the (Alp) mean concentration, (52.1%) in the(TSB) mean concentration, (81.1%)in the (GPT) mean concentration, (59.9%)in the (GOT) mean concentration and(22.8%) in the (globulin) mean concentration in the persons infected with amoebic dysentery compared with the mean concentrations in healthy ones control group.

التوصيف الجزيئي لبعض مسببات الاخماج الجلدية في محافظة الديوانية وتاثير جزيئات الفضة النانوية في نموها == Molecular Characterization of Some Dermatophytic Fungi In Al - Diwania Province And The Effect of Silver Nano Particles On Their Growth

اسم المؤلف: نور جاسم محمد
اسم المشرف: نيران عبيد جاسم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة للتحري عن الفطريات المسببة للامراض الجلدية في الانسان حيث تم جمع 100عينة من الاشخاص المشكوك باصابتهم بالفطريات الجلدية من المرضى المراجعين لمستشفى الديوانية التعليمي من بداية تشرين الاول 2013 وحتى نهاية مايس 2014 وكانت هذه النماذج ماخوذة | This study was conducted to investigate the fungi that causes skin diseases of human. One hundred samples were collected from people who suspected to infect with fungal skin disease from patients coming to Al - Diwaniya teaching hospital from beginning of October 2013 till the end of May 2014. These samples from (skin, hair and nail). All samples that taken from patient were subjected to direct examinations by using wet touch of (KOH 10%) solution. At the same time the samples were grew on sabroud media to determine the type of fungal skin diseases of human. The direct examination shows positive results of 72 samples which represent 72% while for laboratory growth results, its shows 65 samples with positive results 65%. There are three types of Trichophyton fungus had been isolated which are T.rubrum 28 isolates, T.mentagrophytes 16 isolates and T.schoenleinii 4 isolates and there was one type of genus Microsporum which is M.canis 24 isolates. The results show that Tinea corporis infection is the common and its more among females than males where it is 26.39% and 13.89% respectively, then Tinea capitis which is 19.4% in males which is higher than in females which represents 13.89% while Tinea unguium was in females more than males which was in females 16.67% while in males 9.72%. The percentage of fungal skin infection was differ according to the location where the number of infections in the rural area for all types of Tinea were more than the number of infection in the urban area where the number of infected people with Tinea corporis was 18 which represent 25% while in the urban the number was 11 which represent 18.28% while the number of infected people with Tinea capitis in the rural area were 16 which represent 22.22% and the infected in the urban were 8 which represent 11.11%. While Tinea unguium the number of infected people in the rural 10 which represent 13.89% and in the urban 9 people which represent 12.5%. The diagnosis of isolated fungi depended on phenotype of fungal growth and microscopic examination, in addition to special tests for diagnosing skin fungal infections. Also the PCR was used for diagnosis and the work had been completed by using genotypic tree for fine diagnosis and detection the fungal species. The result were send to the genes bank site to be sure about the fungus type through comparison with the registered fungi in this site and by using MEGA6 program for genetic tree analysis of type (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean). The results of analysis shows clear converge of local Trichophyton spp. Isolates with Trichophyton rubrum in comparison with other types that appears in the genetic tree analysis while Microsporium diagnosed through genetic tree analysis of type (up GMA tree) and the result of analysis shows clear converge of local Microsporium spp. Isolates with Microsporium canis compared with other types of genetic tree analysis. The effect of silver nanoparticles that is used against growth of T.rubrum, T.mentagrophytes and M.canis. The results show that all the concentrations used were effective in stopping of growth of T.mentagrophytes when deal with the standard measure when dealt with concentration of 4 mg/l the more effective in stopping of radiating growth of the fungus. Regarding the fungus T.rubrum the concentrations of 4 mg/l more effective in stopping of growth while there was no difference for 1mg/liter concentration. Regarding the fungus M.canis, the mentioned concentrations had large effect on fungal colonization growth compared with the standard and this fungus more than other fungi affected by nano silver ions
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