Author name:
جاسم خليل روج الحسيني
Supervisor name:
زينب فاضل مرجان
Abstract:
The study of cities and developments in political, economic and social aspects, enjoys great care in historical studies, and it is known that cities existed before Islam, including Islamic conquests after noon, having built new cities and the cities of Mardin were created before Islam in the territory of the island - Jazira, Mesopotamia, and the renamed Laramie and then occupied Arab tribes, open Muslim Arabs in the time of Umar Ibn Al - Khattab (13 - 23 e/634 - 643 m), at the hands of Muslim Arab Commander Ayaz bin ghanam Al - Fihri (19/640 m), and is one of the important Islamic, stomata gate into the territory Island - Jazira, Mesopotamia and the Levant from Armenian side, this location has great importance in Islamic history, if the conflict zone between conflicting forces, has ruled the tired alaratkh who had taken over several towns in the island territory - Jazira, Mesopotamia, their era was a regional conflict between several strong Among them .Mardin althgharih cities is that an active contribution to install Islamic State border attacks the greedy powers, and had a clear impact in spreading Islam and install the Islamic presence in those far flung from Baghdad, the capital of the Islamic State, and it was to this town Chronicle Arab - Islamic history has witnessed important historical through the ages, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries the Moslem calendar/second and 13th centuries AD, as this was an important stage in the political and military history, saw an extension of influence alartki and Saladin to island - Jazira, Mesopotamia, and extend their influence on All its cities, including the city of Mardin.Notable aspects of active cultural activity Mardin since the Islamic conquest of her years (19/670 m), it is seen early to mosques and schools that have played an active role in spreading Islam and the Arabic language and Islamic civilization, even groundbreaking scholars excelled in variousarts and knowledge, as it was to this town. Bright pages in Crusader invasion resistance, and several Mughal, which of the island - Jazira, Mesopotamia and the Levant, was her heroic positions rebounds invading forces, they defended Baghdad against the invaders, a city which stood in the Mongols for nearly two years, and record her grandest epics Heroics, making the Mongols realize the importance of Mardin and control means for them to dominate all island cities - Jazira, Mesopotamia, and then the cities of the Levant because it is a gateway to enter the country.He was alaratkh for the kings who ruled a distinct physical movement efforts Mardin in the city, as the children of the city walls and of culture, devastated by wars, as developed markets and schools.It featured a alaratkh Kings attention science and scientists, they built schools and mosques and connectivity, and encouraged scientists and thinkers and presented them to them, and gave them gifts, also experienced remarkable economic development, Mardin, and helped her geographical location on the trade routes that link Iraq to the Levant And Persia, social life in the city, it became clear that its population consists of ethnic groups, religions and different components such as Arabs and Kurds walisidin, Christians, Jews, and other minorities, live in peace and harmony, Muslims form the majority of the city's inhabitants, customs and traditions That were practiced are somewhat similar in habits and traditions practiced in other cities.
