Abstract: مرض عوز نازعة هيدروجين الكلوكوز - 6 - فوسفات يعد من الامراض المرتبطة بالاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي , تلف الدماغ وحتى الموت . اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة ضرر الاكسدة في الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي وخصوصا المصابين بمرض عوز نازعة هيدروجين الكلوكوز - 6 - فوسفات . اجريت ايضا هذه الدراسة لغرض تاكيد دور جهد الاكسدة ونظام الانزيمي المضاد للاكسدة في الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي في مستشفى بابل التعليمي للنسائية والاطفال في بابل . خلال هذه الدراسة الممتدة من كانون الثاني 2008 الى الثلاثين من شهر حزيران 2008 , تم اختيار 225 طفلا مصابا بيرقان ولادي (145 ذكور و80 اناث) غير معروف السبب و50 طفلا حديثي الولادة طبيعيين (35 ذكور و15 اناث) . الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي تم تقسيمهم الى اطفال مصابين بنقص انزيم عوز نازعة الهيدروجين الكلوكوز - 6 - فوسفات (المجموعة الاولى) واطفال مصابين بيرقان ولادي لكن ليس لديهم نقص في الانزيم اعلاه (المجموعة الثانية) وتم فحصهم بطريقة الاختزالية وطريقة الفقاعة المتفلورة لمعرفة عدد المصابين بنقص هذا الانزيم . لقد تبين من النتائج المحصلة في هذا البحث ان الاطفال المصابين بنقص الانزيم اعلاه هم 20 طفل (8.9 %) , 15 (75%) منهم كانوا ذكورا و5(25%) كانوا اناثا ونسبة الذكورالى الاناث هي 3 : 1 . كل الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي كانوا بحاجة للعلاج الضوئي اما 14 (70%) من الاطفال المصابين بنقص الانزيم احتاجوا الى عملية تبديل كامل للدم . 2(10%) من الاطفال المصابين بنقص الانزيم كانت لديهم علامات تلف بالدماغ عند وصولهم للمستشفى وقد توفوا قبل اجراء عملية تبديل دم لهم . لا يوجد تاريخ ايجابي لتناول الادوية المحفزة لهذا المرض او تناول الباقلاء . تم دراسة عوامل دموية في الاطفال حديثي الولادة في كل المجاميع وتضمنت Hb and PCV , reticulocyte Count , WBC count . لقد تبين من هذه الدراسة وجود زيادة معنوية في reticulocyte and WBC count . لقد تبين ايضا من هذه الدراسة وجود نقصان معنوي في وزن الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي وخصوصا الذين يعانون من نقص الانزيم اعلاه مقارنة مع الاطفال الطبيعيين (P value < 0.05) . ان نقص الانزيم يمكن ان يؤدي الى زيادة خطر اليرقان الولادي . هذه الدراسة دلت على وجود زيادة معنوية في مستوى مالون داي الديهايد (MDA) في الاطفال المصابين باليرقان الولادي والاطفال المصابين بنقص الانزيم (P value < 0.05) بينما نقصان معنوي في مستوى كلوتاثايون (GSH) وفعالية انزيم الكيتيليز (CAT) عندما قورنت مع الاطفال الطبيعيين (P value < 0.05) . وجد ايضا علاقة موجبة بين TSB وMDA وكذلك بين GSH وHb بينما هناك علاقة سالبة بين TSB مع GSH CAT , وHb وكذلك بين MD وكلا من GSHو CAT . | Glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common enzymopathy associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia , kernicterus and even death . This study was conducted to know oxidative damage in neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and G6PD deficiency . Also this study was conducted to detect the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymatic system in neonatal hemolytic jaundice of Babylon Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital . A prospective study was conducted during the period from 1st of January 2008 to the 30th of June 2008 in Babylon hospital of Maternity and Pediatric . Over the study period , a total of 225 full - term newborn infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (145 males and 80 females) and 50 healthy neonates taken as a control group (35 males and 15 females) were studied . Newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were subdivided into G6PD deficiency (I group) and normal G6PD (II group) , a reduction method test and fluorescent spot test were used to assay the activity of G6PD . In this study , 20 (8.9%) of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia had G6PD deficiency . Fifteen (75%) of the G6PD deficient patients were males and 5 (25%) were females with male : female ratio 3 : 1 . In both normal and G6PD deficient (II and I) , reticulocyte counts and WBC were increased while PCV and Hb were decreased when compared with control group . There was a significant decrease in weight in normal and G6PD deficient groups when compared with control group . G6PD deficiency was led to increase risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with significant number of them which required exchange blood transfusion 14 (70%) . All neonates with hyperbilirubinemia have received phototherapy . Two neonates (10%) with G6PD deficiency were presented with kernicterus signs and both of them died . The present study indicates significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and G6PD deficiency when compared with the control group . A significant decrease in serum catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and G6PD deficiency was found . There was positive correlation between TSB and MDA , GSH and Hb . There was a negative correlation between TSB with GSH , CAT and Hb and between MDA with GSH and CAT .

دراسة فعالية نبات عين البزون كعلاج طبيعي لمرض سرطان الدم المستحث في ذكور الفئران == Study the Activity of Catharanthus Roseus as Natural Treatment for Induced Leukemia in Male Mice

Author name: محمد عبود عياش

Supervisor name: مفيد جليل عوض | نسرين جلال محمد

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: Leukemia is cancer of blood - forming tissues, begin in the bone marrow characterized by highly elevated of abnormal proliferation and circulation of immature clonal hematopoietic cells. It can affect all ages around the world which in turn considered as one of public health problem.Plants considered as an important source for medical drugs manufacturing due to the presence of certain compounds with medicinal biological activity, therefore adopted in the preparation of a lot of medicines and medical drugs because of its' speed therapeutic influence and low of negative side effects which caused by chemically manufactured medications.The present study aimed to evaluate the activity and efficiency of vincristine and other important constituent in Catharanthus Roseus plant in treatment of leukemia through enhance and direct impact on some of the body's vital biological activities by using fresh crude plant as herbal medicine. This study is Cohort study design. It is monitoring, detection, and investigation study that included some of groups that completely under control; this study used in medicine, nursing, psychology and social sciences in addition to the Ecology. This study included (60) Albino male mice divided into four groups (15) mice for each. Group (A) was the control group, group (B) was mice feed orally with of C. Roseus plant, group (C) was leukemia induced mice by subcutaneous injection of (300mg/kg B.W benzene), and group (D) was Induced leukemia mice treated by oral feeding with C. Roseus plant. The experimental work was carried out in Clinical Biochemistry Department / College of Medicine / University of Babylon during the period from (October 2015 to August 2016).High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique was used for measurement of Vincristine drug (VCR) in plant and vitamin D levels in mices' serum, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) had was used for the measurement of serum ferritin, UV - Vis Spectrophotometer was used for determination of GSH - Px and GST concentrations, while Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique (GFAAS) was used for measurement of trace elements concentration of (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se). There were hematological and histopathology studies carried out by using special required equipment to make sure that leukemia disease was indeed occur.Hematological study included measurement of Hb levels and WBC count, while histopathology study included bone marrow, liver, kidney, spleen smear. Microscopic investigation for Chromosomal Aberration and Micronuclei were also had been done.Results showed that C. Roseus plant contain the concentration of vincristine drug up to 148μg/gm. There was highly significant increase of serum ferritin levels, GST activity, Iron and Copper concentration, and WBCs in leukemic group (C) (P<0.001) when compared with control group (A), while there were highly significant decrease of these parameters in group (B) as compared with the control (A) and (C) groups.Results also showed a highly significant decrease of GSH - Px activity, Vit.D levels, Zinc and Selenium concentration, and Hemoglobin levels in group (C) (P<0.001) when compared with the control group, while there were highly significant increase of these parameters in group (B) as compared with control and (C) groups. The present study found a positive correlation between Vit.D and GSH - Px activity, Ferritin and GST activity, while this study found a negative correlation between Ferritin and GSH - Px activity, serum Iron and Selenium concentration.The present study found positive effect of C.Roseus on abnormal parameters and support the biological system which was clear in group (D) which demonstrated that there were significant inhibitions to decrease or increase of these parameters than those in healthy control.

الانماط الجينية والبروتين الرابط للرتينول 4 في مرضى الاعتلال الكلوي السكري النوع الثاني == Gene Polymorphism And Retinol Binding Protein 4 In Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

Author name: احمد جبار عباس

Supervisor name: مها فاضل سميسم | علاء حسين ال حيدر

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: داء السكري هو مرض ايضي له تاثير على ايض الكاربوهيدرات والدهون والبروتينات. ومن مضاعفات السكري اعتلال الكلية السكري، الذي يعد السبب الرئيسي للفشل الكلوي المزمن. الليبوكالينات هي عائلة من البروتينات التي تنقل الجزيئات الكارهة للماء صغيرة مثل السروئيدات | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease involving carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the significant complication of diabetes, which is at the present time the major cause of chronic renal failure. The lipocalins are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, retinoids, and lipids. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP 4) is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins and it has a role in insulin resistance. A meta - analysis demonstrated a significant association between the polymorphism of glucose transporter1 gene with DN. The presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms may contribute to a decreased eNOS activity and a lowered nitric oxide level, and has been reported to be a potential factor in the development and pathogenesis of DN. The study aimed the evaluation of lipid profiles and determination of their association with retinol binding protein 4 expression in diabetic patients, evaluation of gene expression of eNOS G894T polymorphism in diabetic patients to predict its relationship with nephropathy in future, and evaluation of gene level of GluT1 polymorphism in diabetic patients to predict its relationship with nephropathy in future. This study was conducted in Hilla city, from December 2015 to April 2016. The samples were collected from Babylon Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Marjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon / Hilla city.This study was included 160 subjects, who were (35 - 58) years old and BMI between (25 - 29.9) which were divided into groups : Control group 80 apparently healthy persons included 40 male control group (MC) and 40 females control group (FC). Eighty patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 include (40 males group (M)) and (40 females group (F)). Blood samples (10 ml) were taken from fasting subjects. Two milliliters of blood were put in EDTA tube used for the determination of HbA1c and genetic study and 8 milliliters of blood were put in plane tube and centrifuged to separated serum to measure (glucose, insulin, retinol binding protein 4 and lipid profile ( and insulin resistance was measured by equations. The results show : 1. There is a significant increase in the mean of fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin level, insulin resistance in groups M and F as compared to the control groups, (p<0.01), but there was no significant increase between two patient groups (p ? 0.05)2. The significant increase (P <0.01) in total cholesterol (TC), TG, LDL - C and VLDL - C, while serum HDL - C concentration was found significantly decrease (P<0.01) in patient groups as compared with the control groups, and no significant increase or decrease in lipid profiles in comparison between patients groups (P ? 0.05).3. There is significant increase (P< 0.01) in RBP4 between patients and control groups, and not significant (P?0.05) difference between patient groups.4. Group M shows significant positive correlations (r = 0.514, p= 0.0012 and r = 0.536, p = 0.0034) of RBP4 concentration with serum fasting insulin concentration and HOMA - IR respectively, in group F, the results show a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.502, p = 0.001 and r = 0.474, p = 0.02) between RBP4 concentration with serum fasting insulin concentration and HOMA - IR respectively.5. A significant positive correlations was found (r = 0.486, p 0.001; r = 0.388, p 0.013; r =0.385, p=0.014) for serum RBP4 concentration with TC, TG and LDL - C concentrations respectively, and significantly negative with HDL - C (r = - 0.424, p =0.006) in group M, also positive correlation (r = 0.443, p =0.004; r = 0.467, p = 0.002; r = 0.435, p = 0.005) of RBP4 with TC, TG, LDL - C respectively and negatively with HDL - C (r = - 0.453, P = 0.003) in group F.6. A significant increase (< 0.01) in non HDL - C between patients and control groups and no significant (?0.05) difference between patient groups.7. According to the results of genotyping, XbaI polymorphism wasidentified as homologous genotype XbaI ( - / - ) were 12 (30%) in the group M, 14 (35%) in the group F, 3(7.5%) in the group MC and in the group FC 2(5%), while individuals have heterozygous genotype XbaI ( - /+) were 7 (17.5%) in the group M, 10 (25%) in the group F, 10 (25%) in group MC and in the group FC 8(20%).8. A significant association between the frequency of XbaI ( - / - ) variant in group M in compared with group MC an odd ratio = 5.14 and confidence interval at 95% level of (1.36 - 19.4), and in group F in compared with group FC an odds ratio = 13.12 and confidence interval at 95% of (2.64 - 65.07). 9. According to the results of genotyping, G894T polymorphism for eNOS gene was identified as homologous genotype TT were 7 (17.5%) in group M, 9 (22.5%) in group F, 8 (20%) in group MC and 10 (25%) in group FC, while individuals have heterozygous genotype G/T were 21 (52.5%) in group M, 20 (50%) in group F, 6 (15%) in group MC and 7 (17.5%) in group FC.10. A significant frequency of GT variant in group M is compared with group MC with odds ratio = 7.58 and confidence at 95% level of (2.43 - 23.62), and in patients of group F as compared with group FC with odds ratio = 7.27 and confidence interval at 95% of (2.4 - 22.02).In conclusion, the RBP4 is associated in causing insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. The high levels of Non HDL - C in diabetic patient contribute in progression of diabetic nephropathy. The GLUT1 polymorphism in diabetic type 2 patients specially patients with XbaI ( - / - ) and eNOS gene polymorphism G/T allele have a role in progression to diabetic nephropathy.

الاهمية الكيميائية الحياتية لنبتة العليق الاحمر كماسك طبيعي في حالة زيادة الحديد == Biochemical Importance Of Rubus Idaeus As A Natural Chelator In Iron Overload Status

Author name: حازم علي حسين

Supervisor name: مفيد جليل عوض | مؤيد عمران الغزالي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: لمنع تراكم الحديد في الجسم، وخاصة لمرضى داء ترسب الاصبغة الدموية،او الذين يحتاجون الى نقل دم بصورة مستمرة، لابد من عمل مركب معه يعمل على استخراجه.نبتة العليق الاحمر تحتوي على كمية عالية من حامض التانيك وهو مركب متعدد الفينولات للنبات يعمل على مسك او حجز | To prevent iron overload, especially for those patient with hemochromatosis or those having chronic blood transfusion, iron must be chelated and excreted, Rubus Idaeus containing high quantity of tannic acid which is a plant polyphenol, chelate iron and excreted from the body. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity and efficiency of tannic acid in Rubus Idaeus fruit to reduce or eliminate iron overload through enhance direct impact on some of the body,s vital biological activities by using fresh crude plant as herbal medicine. This study is Cohort study designed. It is monitoring, detection, and investigation study that included some of groups that completely under control(control), and other group which induced iron overload , the iron overload group is subdivided to 5 groups, one of this sub gorups is treated with desferal(Deferroxamine),and the rest 3groups giving 3 different doses of pure fruit of Rubus Idaeus, while the least group is not treated with fruit or with desferalThe study included (60) Albino male mice divided into six groups with count (10) mice for each. First group was labeled as control (A). The other five groups received intra peritoneal injections of iron - dextran at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day B.w. (one dose every two days for 3 weeks) are the iron overload groups ,which are classified as a following : B1 group ,in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 100 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit, B2 group, in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 200 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit,B3 group ,in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 300 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit, group(C),in which the iron overload induced mice received 493mg/kg/day desferal by subcutaneous injection for 21 days beginning on the day following the first iron dextran injection, group (D) ,in which the iron overload induced mice neither received desferal nor Rubus Idaeus fruit. The experimental work was carried out in the animal house and in the Clinical Biochemistry Department / College of Medicine / Babylon University during the period from (October 2015 to August 2016). High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique has been used for measurement of tannic acid in fruit in mice's serum. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) has been used for the measurement of serum ferritin, UV - Vis Spectrophotometer has been used for determination of GSH - Px and GST concentrations, while Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique (GFAAS) has been used for concentration measurement of trace elements. There were hematological study have been carried out using special required equipment, protein analysis by electrophoresis has been used for mice's serum to detect protein changes for all groups. Results showed that Rubus Idaeus fruit contain good acceptable concentration of tannic acid up to (853 µg/gm),amount of trace element in the fruit plant was 14.12 ppm for Zinc,33.62 ppm for Iron,3.5ppm for copper(Cu),311.06 ppb for selenium(Se),40.13 ppb for chromium(Cr). Results also showed highly significant increase of Serum ferritin, hemoglobin levels, GST activity, Iron and Copper concentration, and decreased in chromium in iron overload group (D) (P<0.001) when compared with control group (A), while there were highly significant decrease of these parameters and increased chromium in group (B2) and group (C) as compared with control groups. Results also showed highly significant decrease of GSH - Px activity, Zinc and Selenium concentration, and increased in hemoglobin levels in group (D) (P<0.001) when compared with the control group, while there were highly significant increase of these parameters and decreased in hemoglobin level in group (B2) and (C)as compared with control and (A) groups. The study have been found positive effect of Rubus Idaeus on abnormal parameters and support the biological system which was clear in group (B2) and (C) which demonstrated that there were significant inhibitions to decrease or increase of these parameters than those in normal. The present study found that fruit of Rubus Idaeus in dose(200 mg/kg/day)in mouse(16.2mg/kg/day in human) gives more reasonable results than other 2 doses (100mg/kg,300mg/kg) in treatment of iron overload ,100mg/kg had no effect in reducing iron overload,300mg/kg chelate iron so more that causing anemia, while this study found a negative correlation between Ferritin and GSH - Px activity, serum chromium and Selenium concentration. Results also showed that there is a changes in protein bands in samples, new bands occurs in samples of induced iron overload group (D) due to increased production of iron regulating proteins. While these bands are absent in groups (A),(B2)

دراسة انزيم التيلومريز وجين الكلوتاثيون بيروكسيديز الاول في مرضى السكري النوع الاول == Telomerase Enzyme And Glutathione Peroxidase1 Gene In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Author name: دعاء مهدي هادي الحكاك

Supervisor name: مها فاضل سميسم | علي حسين البياتي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an immune - mediated depletion of ? - cells that results in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative cell injury caused by free radicals contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complications and decreased efficiency of antioxidant defenses (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) seems to correlate with the severity of pathological tissue changes in T1DM, So many studies have tended to analyze the genetic material that can be related to the occurrence of the disease. Different combinations of genetic defects of antioxidant enzyme are expected. This could readily provide an explanation of the heterogeneity of T1DM.The aim of this study is to assess the differences of GPX1 genotype in T1DM as compare with controls. And the effect of C/T at nucleotide 1050450codon 198 of GPX1 gene polymorphisms on serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and telomerase enzyme (TE) concentration in T1DM patients and controls. This study included (108) persons, their ages between (28 - 42 years) and body mass index in normal and overweight (68) of them were uncontrolled diabetes type 1 (HbA1c ? 6.5 %), (34) of them were male patients (M group), the other (34) were female patients (F group), and the other (40) apparently healthy as control group (20) male (MC group) with (20) female (FC group). The sera sample of all groups were used to measure the concentration of fasting blood glucose by using colorimetric methods and ELISA method for determination (TE), total antioxidant capacity (TAO - C), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase1 enzyme, while whole blood samples from study subjects were used to measure HbA1c and extract DNA for the study of polymorphisms in GPx1 gene.The results of the present study showed1 - A significant increase in glucose, HbA1c in both male and female patients compared with controls group. (P < 0.0001) and (p< 0.05) respectively.2 - The study showed significant decrease (p? 0.001) in telomerase enzyme in both M and F as compare with MC and FC groups,3 - There was no significant association between M and F (P=0.106) and between MC and FC (P=0.327) regarding to gender.4 - The result showed that telomerase concentration significantly decrease with age (p - value<0.001) which indicated by negative correlation between telomerase concentration and age.5 - The result showed significant negative correlation between telomerase enzyme concentration and BMI in patients and controls.6 - The result showed significant decrease in TAO - C in patient as compared with control groups (P=<0.001)7 - GPX1 concentration significantly decreased in patient as compared with control groups (p - value <0.001 )8 - Significant increase in Glutathione concentration in patients as compared with controls (p - value <0.05)9 - Data on the genetic patterns were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction technique - RFLP revealed, were defined as : the codon 198 of Gpx1 genotyping have the homozygous wild - type (CC) Pro/Pro, the homozygous mutant (TT) Leu/Leu, and heterozygous (CT) Pro/Leu allele. There was significant difference between genotype distribution and frequency of alleles between the two groups of patients (M and F) versus (MC and FC) (odds ratio = 33, into confidence level of 95% : 1.65 to 656.26) and P value ( 0.0219) for M vs. MC, and (OR = 12.60, into the proportion of 95% confidence level : 1.93 to 82.08) and P value (0.0081) for F vs. FC. Also, the frequency of TT genotypes in GPX1gene in male and female were47% and 61.7% compare to control male(0%) and female(10%).10 - The allele frequency showed significant differences in all sample (p=0.0013), in male (0.14) and in female (0.0020).11 - There was significant difference in telomerase concentration (p= 0.001) and in glutathione peroxidase concentration (p< 0.0005) in patients group depending on different of the GPX1 genotyping.12 - Depending on GPX1 genotype there were significant differences in BMI in normal weight and in overweight between patient and control (p=0.0375) and (p<0.0018), respectively.In Conclusion, the TT genotype of The GPX1gene variants Pro 198 Leu may be risk factor to T1DM patients. TIDM significantly associated with glutathione peroxidase and telomerase level in patients with TT genotypes of GPX1 gene compared to those with CT and CC genotypes, and this may be considered as a risk factor for senescence and mortality in T1DM. patients, also there is significant negative correlation between telomerase enzyme and BMI in patients and controls.

Effect Of SNP rs198389 of BNP Gene On The Natriuretic Peptides Levels In Cardiovascular Patients

Author name: Alaa Salman Idan Al - Ibrahimi

Supervisor name: Monem M. Al | shok | Moaed E. Al | Gazally

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to any group of acute signs and symptoms attributed to sever obstruction of the coronary arteries. Acute coronary syndrome usually occurs because of one of three problems : ST elevation myocardial infarction, non - ST elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina. These types are named according to the results of the electrocardiogram (ECG). In addition to clinical and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, several biochemical markers are considered in patients with chest pain to diagnose myocardial ischemia. Heart failure (HF) according to American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) is a complex clinical syndrome that can be caused by any structural or functional disorder in the heart that fails the capability of the ventricle to fill with or to eject blood. The diagnosis is often performed clinically on the basis of the presence of dyspnea, fatigue, signs of fluid overload, such as pulmonary crepitation, peripheral edema, and distension of jugular vein.B - type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N - terminal pro - BNP (NT - proBNP) are secreted by human atrial and ventricular myocardium. The rise in BNP and NT - proBNP levels after ACS and HF correlates with infarct size and regional wall motion abnormalities. Echocardiography remains the most frequently used and usually the initial imaging test to evaluate all cardiovascular diseases related to a structural, functional, or hemodynamic abnormality of the heart or great vessels. This study is designed to investigate and assess the serum concentrations of BNP and NT - proBNP in patients with HF and ACS; In addition, almost equal number of males and females are chosen to control the effect of age and gender on the levels of BNP and NT - proBNP. Also, the study aims to evaluate the effect of BNP gene T - 381C (rs198389) polymorphism on the plasma human levels of BNP and NT - proBNP and compare the results that will obtain with healthy control.The present study was involved (70) patients, (35) of them with ACS and the other (35) with HF. The study also includes (22) subjects were taken as control group. The sera obtained from the blood of patients and control subjects were used to measure the concentrations of BNP and NT - proBNP, while whole blood samples from study subjects are used to extract DNA for the study of polymorphism in BNP gene.The results indicate both the ACS and HF groups have significantly higher levels of BNP and NT - proBNP when compared to control group, also HF patients have higher levels of both parameters than ACS patients, in all comparison (p

المستويات والانماط الجينية المتعددة للانترلوكين - 6 في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي في محافظة بابل/العراق == Interleukin - 6 Gene Polymorphisms And Levels In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients In Babylon Province / Iraq

Author name: سارة حسين عيدان

Supervisor name: عبد السميع حسن الطائي | صباح جاسم الربيعي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: التهاب المفاصل الرثوي هو احد الامراض المناعية الذاتية الالتهابية المزمنة الذي يتميز بالتهاب المفاصل المتماثل المستمر الذي يصيب عادة مفاصل اليدين والقدمين.تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التقصي عن العلاقة المحتملة بين مستويات الانترلوكين - 6 والانماط الجينية المتعددة | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterized by persistent symmetric polyarthritis that commonly affects joints of hands and feet.This study aims to investigate the possible association between interleukin - 6 (IL - 6) levels and ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 promoter polymorphism in RA in Babylon Province. 60 RA patients and 60 healthy controls matched in age and sex were included in this case control study. Measurement of serum IL - 6 and serum anti cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) antibodies were assayed using commercially available ELISA kit. Measurement of blood rheumatoid factor (RF) was assayed by use slide agglutination test for the qualitative and semiquantitative. Whereas, blood C - reactive protein (CRP) was determined using latex - enhanced nephelometry. Disease severity score of RA patients was determined by use DAS - 28. DNA was isolated from white blood cells (WBCs) and ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) technique. the study was found significantly high levels of serum IL - 6 and ACCPA in untreated and in treated RA patients when compared to healthy controls. RF of patients with RA in the present study was found to be positive in 83.32% and negative in 16.67 % in overall RA patients, whereas was negative in 99% of healthy control. CRF of patients with RA in the present study was found to be positive in 78.4% and negative in 21.6 % in overall patients with RA, and was positive in 20% of healthy control. Correlation between DAS - 28 and IL - 6 levels in untreated and in treated RA patients were significant positive correlation. Correlation between IL - 6 and ACCPA in untreated and in treated RA patients were significant positive correlation. Correlation between DAS - 28 and ACCPA in untreated and in treated RA patients were significant positive correlation. The Genotype of ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism and its percentage in patient found to be 80% GG,18.3% GC and 1.6% CC, whereas in healthy control 98.3% GG, 1.6% GC and 0% CC. Relation between both of IL - 6 levels and DAS - 28 with genotyping of ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism in untreated and treated RA patients were found to be positive significant relation. The high levels of IL - 6, and its positive relation with DAS - 28 may suggest a possible role of IL - 6 in the pathogenesis of RA. Moreover, these biomarkers can be used as markers of disease activity in the diagnosis and treatment of RA. ( - 174G/C) IL - 6 polymorphisms are also associated with the RA risk, and the C allele of IL - 6 promoter polymorphisms has dramatically increased the susceptibility of RA in Babylon population. This finding suggests that the ( - 174 G/C) IL - 6 gene promoter polymorphism may also be used as another genetic marker for the onset and development of RA in Babylon population.

المتغيرات الكيميائية الحيوية في مرضى فقر الدم البحر المتوسط نوع بيتا كبرى == Biochemical Changes In Beta - Thalassemia Major Patients

Author name: مضر خضر محمد

Supervisor name: طارق حفظي الخياط | احمد شمران الوطيفي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: امراض فقر دم البحر المتوسط هي مجموعة من امراض فقر الدم الناتجة من مشاكل وراثية في انتاج الصبغة الحمراء (الهيموغلوبين) . هذه الامراض هي من بين اغلب الامراض الشائعة نتيجة الخلل الوراثي في العالم . يحدث النوع (بيتا) منه بسبب القلة في بناء الوحدة البروتينية المسمى (بيتا - غلوبين) من الهيموغلوبين نوع (ا) . الاشخاص الذين يورثون المورثتين صاحبات الخلل ينتج عنه عدم انتاج مطلق لهذه الوحدة البروتينية اعلاه مثل النوع فقر الدم البحر المتوسط نوع (بيتا)كبرى وهذا الخلل يؤدي الى زيادة في انتاج الوحدة البروتينية المسماة (الفا - غلوبين)تم اجراء هذة الدراسة على مرضى مصابين بفقر الدم البحر المتوسط نوع بيتا - كبرى .٦٠ مريض تم اختيارهم لهذه الدراسة كانوا يعانون من : ( فقر الدم , يرقان , تضخم الطحال ) وتم تشخيص المرضى سريريا على اساس وجود فقر الدم الحاد , واستعمال الفصل الكهربائي للهيموغلوبين .الهدف من هذة الدراسة لتحديد التغيرات بصورة الدهون لدى هؤلاء المرضى نتيجة نقل الدم المستمر لهم الامر الذي سيؤدي الى الكثير من المشاكل منها : ترسب الدهون المؤكسدة في الاوعية الدموية , وتحلل الغشاء الخلوي وبالتالي خلل نسيجي وكل هذا يحدث بسب الجهد التاكسدي الناتج من تراكم الحديد وتجاوزه الحد الاعلى في الدم والانسجة (وخصوصا الكبد ).علاج المرضى يتكون من : ١ - نقل الدم الغير منتظم ٢ - زرق منظم الحديد ( ديسفريوكزامين ) وبصورة غير منتظمة ايضا تم اخذ عينات الدم من المرضى ومجموعة الضبط وفصل هذه العينات الى مصل وبلازما وحسب الحاجة وتم قياس التالي : الكولسترول الكلي , الكولسترول في البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة , الكولسترول في البروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة , الدهون الثلاثية , دهون البيروكسيد الكلية , الحديد , الفرتين , النحاس , الزنك , مضادات الاكسدة الكلية , انزيم الالانين ترانس امينيز وانزيم الاسبارتيت ترانس امينيز .مجموعة الضبط تتكون من ٤٠ شخص لهم نفس الاعمار.تم قراءة نتائج المرضى مع مجموعة الضبط ووجد الاتي : هنالك انخفاض معنوي في كل من الكولسترول الكلي , الكولسترول في البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة , الكولسترول في البروتينات واطئة الكثافة , بينما هنالك زيادة معنوية في مستوى الدهون الثلاثية .هنالك زيادة معنوية في مستوى دهون البيروكسيد الكلية , الحديد . والفرتين مع نقصان معنوي في مستوى مضادات الاكسدة الكلية , نقصان معنوي في مستوى الزنك مع زيادة معنوية في مستوى النحاس .النتائج وضحت ان صورة الدهون والمواد الاخرى المقاسة تتغير بصورة معنوية في المرضى عدة عوامل مثل : تراكم الحديد , اصابة الكبد , خلل في الهرمونات يمكن ان يسبب هذه التغيرات.تم استنتاج ان الجهد التاكسدي وقلة مضادات الاكسدة الناتج يلعب الدور المهم في مرض فقر دم البحر المتوسط نوع بيتا - كبرى . | The thalassemia are a group of anemia that result from inherited defects in the production of hemoglobin (Hb) . The thalassemia are among the most common genetic disorders world wide. The biochemical signature of β - thalassemia is reduced synthesis of the β - globin subunit of HbA (α2β2).Individuals inheriting two β - thalassemic alleles experience a profound deficit in β - chain production (homozygous) like in (BTM) , and this impairment lead to excess production of α - globin.This study conformed on patients having β - thalassemia major (BTM) .Sixty patients were chosen for this study complaining of profound paller , jaundice. They were clinically diagnosed on the basis of severe anemia and hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis.The aim of the present study was to investigate the lipid pattern in children with BTM having repeated blood transfusion which may lead to peroxidative tissue injury by secondary iron overload . The patients undergo irregular blood transfusion and desferioxamine was used as a chelating agent .Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) , HDL - C , LDL - C , TGs, malondialdehyde (MDA),total lipid peroxides (LPO),iron , ferritin , copper , zinc, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ALT activity, and AST activity were measured .The results were compared with 40 age matched apparently healthy used as controls .BTM patients showed : significantly lower : TC , HDL - C , and LDL - C . whereas serum TG levels were found to be significantly higher than levels in control subjects. A significant increase in the levels of [(MDA), (LPO)], iron, and ferritin. Whereas a significant decrease in the level of total anti oxidant capacity (TAC) was observed. Serum levels of zinc were significantly decreased with significant increased in the levels of copper. Our results revealed that , lipid profile and other parameters above changed in patients with BTM . Many factors such as : iron over load , liver injury , and hormonal disturbances might cause these changes .It was concluded that , oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defense mechanism play an important role in pathogenesis of BTM .

العلاقة بين الانتجين النوعي للبروستات والجهد التاكسدي للنساء المصابات بمتلازمة تكيس المبايض في محافظة بابل == The Relationship Between Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) And Oxidative Stress In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) In Babylon Province

Author name: محمد مرزة حسن

Supervisor name: طارق حفظي الخياط | ملال محمد رضا الجبوري

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

العلاقه بين اللبتين والانسولين وحالة جهد التاكسدي عند مرضى السكري النوع الثاني ومرضى تكيس المبايض == Correlation Of Leptin, Insulin Resistance, And Total Anti - Oxidant In Type 2 Diabetic And Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women

Author name: زينب يعسوب عجام

Supervisor name: مها فاضل سميسم | اسماء كاظم كاطع

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

تقييم فعاليه انزيم الادينوسين دي امينيز ومستويات الجلوتاثيون الغلوبيولين المناعيE والعناصر النزرة في مرضى سرطان الثدي وعلاقتهم مع جرع مختلفة من العلاج الكيماوي == Assessment of Adenosine Deaminase Activity, Glutathione, Immunoglobulin E and Some Trace Element Levels in Serum of Breast Cancer Patient's and It's Relationship with Different Doses of Chemotherapy

Author name: علي محمد جواد

Supervisor name: مفيد جليل عوض | علاء صادق العواد

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Clinical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of Biochemistry

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages: