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الاختلال الانبساطي الوظيفي للبطين الايسر عند مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني == The Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction In Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Author name: الاء سعد عادل
Supervisor name: اسماعيل ابراهيم حسين القرغولي | عباس ناجي مسلم الشريفي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicine
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نسبة الاختلال الانبساطي الوظيفي للبطين الايسر عند مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني والكشف عنها بواسطة فحص الدوبلر النسيجي هدف الدراسة : للبحث عن نسبة الاختلال الانبساطي الوظيفي للبطين الايسر والذي يعد كعامل خطورة على وظائف القلب والاوعية الدموية عند مرضى | Our study about the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients, detected by 2 - D and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common chronic disease, with several complications, affecting all systems and ages. The trends towards improving the longevity in diabetes are achieved by the glycemic control and prevention of complication. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDDX) refers to mechanical abnormalities that impede effective volume filling during diastole. It has been described as an early sign of diabetic cardiomyopathy preceding the systolic damage. It can lead progressively to heart failure and is linked to increased mortality.Objective : The aim of this study is to estimate the percentage of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus detected by 2 - D and tissue Doppler echocardiography.Setting : This study is conducted by the department of physiology, college of medicine, Al - Mustansirirya university in cooperation with the unit of Echocardiography at Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad during the period from November 2013 to July 2014. Patients and methods : A total number of 130 subject were examined, where 38 were excluded and only 92 were included in this study, about 46 healthy subjects (control group) (with mean age of 47.07±7.6 year) and 46 patients with T2DM (with mean age of 49.39±5.7 year).Main outcome measures : The plan of the study consisted of the following steps : 1. History interview2. Physical examination3. Physical measurements including : body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) , mid thigh circumference (MTC) calculation by measuring tape.4. Electrocardiography5. Conventional echocardiography and TDI6. Blood sample for hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile.Results : Our study showed structural and functional changes in the left ventricle in a sample of diabetic patients. Diastolic dysfunction presents in 69.6% of diabetic patients, 41% were males and 59% were females. The mean age of the diabetic patients was 49±5.7 year. The mean duration of diabetes in asymptomatic normotensive type 2 diabetic patients was 7.6 ± 6.4 year. By TDI the diabetic patients in comparison to control group show lower E` average velocity (8.9±1.9 Vs 10.7±1.6 cm/sec)(P<0.0001), higher E/E` average ratio (7.4±1.7 Vs 6.4±1.3cm/sec) (P<0.04), lower E`/A` ratio (0.8±0.3 Vs 1.02±0.3)(P<0.004). While by conventional echo the diabetic patients show lower E velocity (63.7±13.4 Vs 72±19.9cm/sec) (P<0.01) and lower E/A ratio (0.9±0.3 Vs 1.17±0.4) (P<0.0001). Biochemical analysis show lower HDL (1.1±0.2mmol/l)(P<0.0001) and higher TG/HDL (1.8±1.4)(P=0.025). The study showed that diabetic patients had higher BMI 30.6±5.5 kg/m2 (P=0.052), higher neck circumference (40.4±3.9 cm) (P=0.034) and higher waist circumference (105.7±11.7 cm)(P<0.0001). All other values were not significant. Our study revealed that the highest percentage of LV diastolic dysfunction found in the group of diabetic patient with the highest duration of type 2 DM disease. The study revealed some correlations between some parameters of the study like : the duration of T2DM was positively correlated with A velocity (r= 0.29, p= 0.048), FBS was negatively correlated with A velocity (r= - 0.39, p= 0.008), FBS was negatively correlated with LVEDD (r= - 0.29, p= 0.049), FBS was negatively correlated with neck circumference (r= - 0.48, p= 0.0008), HDL was negatively correlated with IVS thickness (r= - 0.567, p= 0.00003) and mid - thigh circumference was positively correlated with A` average velocity (r= - 0.39, p= 0.008)Conclusion : 1. Type - 2 diabetes Mellitus is associated with a higher percentage of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction which is increased with the increased duration of DM. 2. Tissue Doppler echocardiography is a valuable tool in detecting LV diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic normotensive diabetic patients with non significant features on conventional echocardiography.3. TDI is more sensitive and specific in detecting LV diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic type 2 DM than pulsed wave flow Doppler.

دراسة نسيجية لجلد اناث وذكور الفئران بعد اعطاء عقار الكلوكوزامين سلفيت == Histological Study On The Male And Female Mice's Skin After The Administration Of Glucosamine Sulphate

Author name: معن ماجد صالح السامرائي
Supervisor name: عبد الامير حمادي النعيمي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Anatomy and Histology and Embryos
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Skin
  • glucosamine sulphate
  • glycosaminoglycans
First pages:
Abstract: يتكون الجلد وكما هو معروف جيدا من عدة طبقات من الخلايا متجددة باستمرار عبر اعادة بناء نفسها ذاتيا مرة كل ثلاثون يوما من خلال دورة حيلتية متكررة وتقسم هذه الطبقات الى نوعين اساسية البشرة والادمة. يعتبر الكلوكوز امين سكر اميني بسيط ينبعث من عمليات الايض ال | It is well known that the skin is made up of multiple layers of cells that fare constantly going through self shedding and regeneration once every 30 days, or so in repeated cycles. The layers can be broadly divided into two sections : the epidermis and the underlying dermis. Glucosamine is an amino monosaccharide derived from cellular glucose metabolism. Glucosamine is a simple component or "building block" of more complex molecules. Glucosamine was considered to be an effective treatment for many joint diseases especially osteoarthritis. It is believed that glucosamine maintain healthy joint functions and rebuild damaged joint cartilage, tendons, ligaments and other connective tissue. It does this by stimulating the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s) which are the structural components of cartilage and connective tissue else where in the body. On that basis, this study was designed to study the effects of glucosamine sulphate on the skin.Twenty male and twenty females adult mice (weighting between 23.3gm to 27.2gm), were divided into two equal subgroups (control and experimental); the drug was given at noon three hours after starvation it had been grinded and mixed with food and given as a single oral dose of 350mg/kg body weight per day for 35 successive days. Histological examination and statistical analysis of multiple sections of ventral and dorsal skin of male and female mice and of both subgroups were done by using hemotoxyline and eosin stain. Special stains were used to demonstrate the specific components of the skin as follows : for collagen fibers (Van Gieson's staining method), for elastic fibers (modified Taenzer - Unna Orcien staining method), and for ground substance (Alcian blue stain method).The results reveal that there was no particular change in the epidermis between the experimental and control groups. On the contrary there was a marked thickening with high cellular contents of both layers of the dermis (papillary and reticular).The dermis of the treated animals contains more collagen and elastic fibers. The predominant cell of the dermis was the fibroblast which was more obviously seen in the ventral skin of the treated animals. This study confirms practically that glucosamine sulphate induces significant structural changes in the skin of male and female mice. Using glucosamine sulphate clinically for medical conditions rather than arthritic diseases is now the target of most recent researches, its ability to decrease wrinkles in the aged skin and promotion of wound healing with less scar tissue is consider to be a light for dermatologist and plastic doctors, plus its effect to rebuild any aged, injured and diseased tissue in the body.

ظهور المؤشرات في الثدي الطبيعي المحيط بسرطان الثدي في عينة من النساء العراقيات

Author name: احمد فاخر حميد
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Anatomy and Histology and Embryos
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة بكتريولوجية على التفاقم الحاد لمرضى الانسداد الرئوي المزمن == Bacteriological Study On Acute Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

Author name: هبة اسماعيل علي العزي
Supervisor name: عروبة خالد عباس | عبد الحميد القصير
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لا يزال مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن مشكلة رئيسية في مجال الصحة العامة. ويرتبط التفاقم الحاد مع فقدان سريع في وظيفة الرئة وخلل في نوعية الحياة وهي من الاسباب الرئيسية للامراضية والوفيات في مرضى الانسداد الرئوي المزمن. تعتبر العدوى البكتيريا هي من الاسباب | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains a main problem in public health. The acute exacerbations are related with rapid loss in lung function and defect in the quality of life and are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in COPD. This study was carried out to isolate and identify the bacteria that cause acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sensitivity of isolated bacteria for most of the antibiotics currently in use.Eighty sputum specimens from patients were included in this study and their age was range forty and above , during the period from January 2015 to June 2015 from three places Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Medical City Hospital and Medical Al khademeain Emamaain City.Bacteria were identified in 52 (65%) while the patient is not specified any reasoned in 28 patients (35%) patients. The diagnosis of bacteria through culture and microscopic examinations and biochemical tests necessary for diagnosis and then the diagnosis has been confirmed of isolation by the Vitek method for each bacterium, the percentages were as follows : Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated bacteria, which recovered from 21 (26.25%) patients. Followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., which isolated from (7.5%, 7.5%, and 5%) of patients respectively, while (3.75%) for each of Acinetobacter baumannii & Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was (2.5%) while the proportion (1.25%) for each of Enterobacter cloacae, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Moraxella catarrhalis & Raoultella ornithinolytica.Through the search three cases were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosed by direct Acid Fast Stain test and their percentage was (3.75%).Sensitivity of bacterial isolates to antibiotics Carbapenems and Doxycycline and Chloramphenicol were the most effective against tested bacteria in vitro while Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Amoxicillin were the least sensitive

دراسة مناعية وجزيئية لخمج القرنية بحمة الحلا - 1 (حمة الهربس البسيط - 1) == Immunological And Molecular Study Of Herpes Simplex Virus - 1 Keratitis

Author name: نهاية كاظم سالم
Supervisor name: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | فائز اسماعيل الشكرجي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يمثل التهاب القرنية (Keratitis) مشكلة كبيرة قد تؤدي الى فقدان البصر احيانا نتيجة لخدش القرنية او فقدان الوضوحية في القرنية بعد اختفاء الالتهاب, ويعتبر فايروس الحلا (الهربس) البسيط - 1Herpes Simplex Virus - 1(HSV - 1))) هو من اهم العوامل المسببة لمرض التهاب ال | Keratitis is a medical term referring to inflammation of the cornea. It is a serious problem, resulting in everlasting loss of vision as a secondary effect to corneal scarring or loss of clarity of the cornea after the inflammation has disappeared. Most common microbes causing viral corneal keratitis is Herpes Simplex Virus - 1 (HSV - 1). HSV - 1 is a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belongs to the Herpesiviridae. It affects the majority of peoples and its infections have been frequently without clinical manifestation. Ocular HSV - 1 infections caused multiple pathologies with possibly the most damaging being herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). This study aimed to evaluate the abilities of the immunological and molecular indicators to diagnose herpetic keratitis in the infected and contralateral eye of patients, as well as to assess the immune status of both eyes by using tears and corneal scraping. Fifty - two patients with herpetic keratitis involved in this study, they attended the outpatient clinics / Ibn - AL - Haithum Teaching Hospital from March 2014 until December 2014. For the purpose of comparison, thirty, apparently healthy age matched control subjects were also included. Tears were collected from infected eyes of the 52 patients and from 16 out of the 52 patients contralateral eyes as well as from 30 controls. Corneal scraping had been obtained from 16 patient's infected eyes with corneal ulcers (epithelial ulcers) out of the total patients (52) with herpetic keratitis. Indirect immunofluorescence assay technique (IFA) was applied to measure levels of immunoglobulins (sIgA and IgG) in tears specific to HSV - 1. Realtime - polymerase chain reaction RT - PCR test was used to diagnose HSV - 1 in corneal scraping and tears of patients and control subjects. Interlukin - 17 (IL - 17A), tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF - ?) and interferon - gamma (IFN - ?) were measured in tear samples from patients and control subjects by the ELISA sandwich method. In tear samples; results of RT - PCR showed that 39/52 (75%) of the total patient's infected eyes were positive, 12/16 contralateral eyes were positive (75%). Corneal scraping and tear samples were taken from 16 patients with corneal ulcer, tear samples 14/16 (87.5%) positive result, while the corneal scraping samples were 16/16 (100%) positive, this indicates clearly that the cornea scraping is more appropriate and sensitive sample to detect HSV - 1 than tear. All controls were RT - PCR negative. IFA results of IgA and IgG in tears of infected and contralateral eyes were found to be more than the concentration in tears of control eyes with a highly significant p - value (0.0001). Comparison between the infected and the contralateral eyes indicates that both patients' eyes expressed a significant humoral immune response against HSV - 1. Although there were high significant differences between both the mean value of tears IL - 17A in infected and contralateral eyes with control, while the comparison between patient both eyes gave non - significant difference. The mean of tears TNF - ? and IFN - ? concentration in infected eyes of patients as compared to control was found to be highly significant (p= 0.0001). In this study we compared between patients infected eye with control to evaluate the performance of different markers in tear as HSV - 1specific sIgA, HSV - 1 specific IgG, IL - 17, TNF - ? and IFN - ? by using statistical test called Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the sensitivity for all studied parameters ranged from 80% - 96%.At the same time the comparisons between patient contralateral eyes and controls also revealed a high sensitivity range for these parameters ranged from 81% - 100%.These findings proved the ability of these markers in confirming diagnosis of HSV - 1 keratitis. In conclusion, the high percentage of RT - PCR results for corneal scraping sample indicate that this sample and by using this technique is more appropriate and sensitive to detect HSV - 1 than tear samples and detect the shedding of virus in both eyes of the same patients. Both patient eyes indicated that they were a good source for HSV - 1 diagnosis. In spite of the high sensitivity of all studied markers and their diagnostic ability, TNF - ? showed a higher sensitivity. To assess the immunological status of Herpetic keratitis patients, the studied markers TNF - ?, IFN - ? and IL - 17 were evaluated and showed a highly significant differences which indicated there was an active inflammatory condition combined with HSV - 1 infection and finally it can be concluded that both humoral and cellular branches of immune responses were involved in this disease.

تقييم دور مؤشرات حيوية مختارة لدى مرضى التصلب المتعدد == Assessment Of The Role Of Selected Biomarkers In Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Author name: ميساء نجاح امين
Supervisor name: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | سرمد عبد الرسول الماشطة
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التصلب المتعدد (MS) هو من امراض الجهاز العصبي المركزي الاكثر شيوعا الذي يسبب الاعاقه الدائمه لدى الشباب البالغين. بناء على ادلة غير مباشرة قوية، يعتبر مرض التصلب المتعدد اضطراب المناعة الذاتية لعضو محدد ولكن لا يزال هناك الكثير يجب ان يفهم عن كيفيه نشوء ا | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disease of the central nervous system that causes permanent disability in young adults. Based on strong circumstantial evidence, MS is considered to be an organ - specific autoimmune disorder, but much remains to be understood about the initiation of the disease. It seems unlikely that MS results from a single causative event, but rather the disease develop in a genetically susceptible population as a result of environmental exposures. The present study was planned to determine the serum levels of IL - 17A, IL - 21 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) in patients and control subjects by a sandwich ELISA test using commercially available kits. Vitamin D total was measured in a group of patients and control subjects by cobas e 411 analyzers which is an automated multichannel analyzer for immunological analysis by the use of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology.Forty Iraqi MS patients attending the Consultation Clinic for Multiple Sclerosis / Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period January 2013 - July 2013 were recruited for this study. For the purpose of comparison, 40 control subjects matched by age and gender were also included.The mean serum level of MOG in patient and control (554.85 vs. 315.20pg/ml) and IL - 17A (11.42 vs. 8.33pg/ml) was significantly higher in MS patients as compared to controls, while the mean serum level of IL - 21 (176.164 vs. 75.714pg/ml) was not significantly higher in MS patients as compared to controls. The mean serum level of vitamin D (n=20) (10.38 vs. 13.06ng/ml) was not significantly lower in MS patients as compared to controls. There was a positive correlation between MOG with IL - 17A and between MOG with IL - 21. These results might illustrate the synergism of action between antibody and T cell response in MS patients. A positive correlation was also detected between IL - 17A and IL21 in MS patients.A significant negative correlation was detected between Vitamin D with MOG. A negative correlation was recorded between Vitamin D and IL - 17A in patients. Also negative correlation was recorded between vitamin D and IL - 21 in MS patients. In conclusion, higher level of IL - 17A and MOG in MS serum indicates an important role of this cytokine and MOG as an auto antigen in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and demyelination process, so they could be considered as a good biomarkers for diagnosis and considered as a target for future therapy.

دراسة جزيئية ومناعية لدى عينة من مرضى التدرن الرئوي == Molecular And Immunological Study In A Sample Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Author name: مي يحيى عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: عروبة خالد عباس | احمد اسمر منخي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر مرض السل الرئوي tuberculosis الذي تسببه بكترياMycobacterium tuberculosis من الامراض المعدية والشائعة واحد الاسباب الرئيسية لحالات الوفاة في العالم, ولاهميته اجريت هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء اكثر حول التشخيص المناعي للمرض وعلاقته بالتشخيص الجزيئي.تضم | Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; which consider as one of the most common, infectious diseases and major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A prospective study was conducted to diagnose disease by immunological methods and its association with molecular diagnosis.The study included immunological diagnosis by Quantiferon - TB Gold In Tube Test, estimation the serum levels of IFN - ?, TNF - ? and IL - 10 in TB patients and control by a sandwich ELISA test using commercially available kits, in addition to molecular diagnosis by using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay, conventional bacteriological tests such as smear microscopy by Ziehl - Neelsen stain for sputum samples. Furthermore, estimation of ESR and WBCs.Fifty TB patients attending the National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis /Baghdad from the period between April to July 2014 were recruited in this study. For the purpose of comparison, 50 control samples (respiratory disease and healthy) matched by age and gender were also included.All TB patients' samples were positive by smear microscopy. The results revealed that there were significance differences between AFB scoring and G - Xpert results (p Forty five samples of TB patients with significance difference (p?0.01) were positively detected by Quantiferon - TB Gold Test.The mean serum level of QFT among TB patient and control (3.54 IU/ml vs. 0.866 IU/ml and 0.556 IU/ml), IL - 10 (53.02 Pg/ml vs. 22.24 pg/ml and 7.51 pg/ml) and TNF - ? (74.34 Pg/ml vs. 49.12 Pg/ml and 27.81 pg/ ml) were significantly higher in TB patients as compared to controls (P?0.05).In conclusion, high levels of IFN - ?, TNF - ? and IL - 10 in TB patients serum indicate an important role of theses cytokines in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, so they could be considered as a good biomarkers for diagnosis and considered as a target for future therapy. The present study revealed significant difference in the WBCs and ESR values between TB patients and control (P?0.05)

دراسة خمج فيروس الكبد نمط جي HGV في مرضى الثلاسيميا المصابين وغير المصابين بفيروس الكبد سي (HCV) واهميته السريرية

Author name: مريم صبري ابراهيم
Supervisor name: اروى هادي الحمداني | اشنا جمال فائق
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المرضى المصابين بفقر دم البحر الابيض المتوسط هم اكثر عرضة للاصابة بالالتهابات الفيروسية المنقولة دمويا. التهاب الكبد الفيروسي نمط جي (HGV)هو فيروس رنوي(RNA) مرتبط بالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي الحاد والمزمن. التهاب الكبد الفيروسي نمط سيHCV) ) والتهاب الكبد الفير | Thalassemia patients are at increased risk of infection with parentally transmitted viral agents. The hepatitis G virus (HGV) is an RNA virus, which is associated with acute or chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis G virus (HGV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections may have a role in complicating the clinical outcome in patients with thalassemia. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and clinical importance of HGV infection in thalassemia patients with or without hepatitis C virus (HCV) co - infection, furthermore to sequence and analyze phylogentic of HGV clones. One hundred fifty four thalassemia patients (56.5% male, 43.5% female) with a mean age of 22.84±6.06 years were involved in this study that was conducted in the period between Feb. to May, 2014. Anti - HCV antibody was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot. Then, HCV - RNA was detected in 53.2% of anti - HCV positive thalassemia patients. HGV antibodies were evaluated by ELISA. Also, the HGV viremia was analyzed in patients with thalassemia by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) protocol. Results obtained showed that the anti - E2 - HGV were found in 16 out of 154 (10.4%) thalassemia patients with significant decrease in its prevalence with increasing age, while HGV viremia was diagnosed in 28 out of 154 (18.2%) patients with thalassemia. No association of HGV infection was found with gender, age and frequency of blood transfusion.According to HCV and HGV infection status, thalassemia patients were categorized into four subgroups : subgroup I (HGV infection), subgroup II (HCV infection), subgroup III (co - infection of HCV and HGV), and subgroup IV (thalassemia patients with neither HCV nor HGV infection). Seven point one percent (7.1%) of thalassemia patients were found to be co - infected with HCV and HGV.In all thalassemia subgroups, liver transaminases; alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum bilirubin (TSB) were determined, in addition to measure serum ferritin levels by VIDAS. HCV infection shows significant increase in ALT level while in HGV is not. Co - infection with HCV and HGV decrease ALT levels when compared with infection with HCV alone, so HGV infection is suggested to have no role in increasing the severity of liver diseases in the thalassemia patients. In HGV infection, there were significant increase in ALP levels and significant decrease in ferritin levels than other subgroups in the study. However, HGV infection shows no significant differences in AST and TSB than other subgroups. The results of genotyping in 12 randomly selected patients showed presence of genotype 2 and genotype 5 with percentage of 91.7% and 8.3% respectively. The diagnosis of prevalence of HGV and HCV in patients with thalassemia in Iraq emphasized the importance of these lymphotropic viral hepatitis infections in pathogenesis and outcome of thalassemia patients.

دراسة معظم السمات المناعية وتحديد البكتريا الابرز في مرض التهاب السحايا باستعمال تقنية البي سي ار == Study Some Immunological Aspects And Determination Of Most Prominent Bacteria In Meningitis Patients By Using Real Time Pcr

Author name: شيماء عبد الرضا حميد
Supervisor name: زينب فاضل عاشور | دريد قاسم الشريف
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Meningitis, which is inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord and can occur at any age, it is caused by infectious microorganisms include (Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites) and non infectious include (Drugs, Carcinoma and Inflammatory disorder), also requires early treatment with aggressive use of potent antimicrobials; otherwise the outcome almost ends fatally.The predominant causes of bacterial meningitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Neisseria meningitides.This prospective study includes 40 cases of meningitis which have been admitted to the Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Child Welfare Teaching Hospital during the period from May to November/ 2014.The detection of meningitis causative agent were specified by using the standard biochemical and microbiological methods such as : Determination of protein and sugar in Cerebrospinal fluid, Differential and cell count, growth on Culture media and morphological appearance on Gram's stain.Confirmative tests were also done for identification of meningitis causative agent; these tests included Procalcitonin, IL - 6, CRP, D. Dimer. These confirmative tests have been crowned by PCR technique, by employing the detection of the bacterial gene.The DNA of bacteria was extracted from CSF of meningitis patients and detection the type of bacteria gene by using multiplex PCR technique that using primers to amplify each ply, bexA and ctrA gene.Out of 40 samples, 28 (70%) were identified as bacterial meningitis and 12 (30%) as viral meningitis, the result of PCR reaction revealed unmistakably that 20 (71.4%) of 28 were detected the bacteria (S. pneumonia, H. influenzaetype b and N. meningitides) as a causative agent, while there were no detectable infectious agents in the (40) control group included in this study.Viral meningitis patients showed the number of lymphocytes (31.92 cell/ mm3) and neutrophils (1.00 cell/ mm3), while the highest number of lymphocytes and neutrophils in bacterial meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae (77.08 cell/ mm3) , (28.86 cell/ mm3) respectively, so that there was significant difference between cells (lymphocyte and neutrophil) with study group at P value = 0.010, P value = 0.013 respectively. In microbiological examination 22.5% of patients group (40) showed positive result of culture and 7.5% showed positive result of gram stain.In biochemical tests, the detection of Cerebrospinal fluid's protein and glucose level was done. The level of protein concentrations in bacterial meningitis with S. pneumoniae (103.08 mg/l), H. influenzae (65.14 mg/l) and in other bacteria was (124.44 mg/l) which is higher than the protein concentration in viral meningitis (42.25 mg/l), and these results showed highly significant difference at (P=0.010). Results of glucose's level determination showed that there were no significant difference among the studied groups (P =0.2). Results of glucose's level determination showed the presence of non significant difference among the studied groups, (60.92 mg/dl), (43, 57 mg/ dl), (51.00 mg/dl), (41.50 mg/dl) consecutively appeared in bacterial, viral.Interleukin - 6 and Procalcitonin levels were diagnosed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, while the plasma D. Dimer and erum C - Reactive protein was diagnosed by NaycoCard technique.The current results showed the presence of high concentration of IL - 6 among meningitis patients, high concentration of serum IL - 6 appeared in bacterial and viral meningitis (28.68 pg/ml) when compared with control group (2.194 pg/ml) (P =0.001), while CSF IL - 6 show high concentration in bothbacterial and viral meningitis but with no significant difference (579.24 pg/ml) (P =0.0001). The data of this study showed, there was correlation between IL - 6 levels and neutrophil in meningitis patients. Interleukin - 6 had significant correlation with neutrophil (P =0.009). While no significant correlation appeared between IL - 6 and Lymphocyte.Procalcitonin results showed high concentration in bacterial meningitis group compared with viral and control group with a highly significant differences (P =0.0001).The results of CRP shown no significant differences between bacterial and viral group, while the levels of D. Dimer appear significant differences in both groups when compared with control group.Current study indicated that PCR, Procalcitonin and D. Dimer played an important role in diagnosis of meningitis disease.

العلاقة بين مرض السكري المناعي الذاتي الكامن النمط الثاني للبالغين مع الخمج بالملوية البوابية == Association Between Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Of Adults In Type Ii Dm With Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Author name: سيف علي مكلف
Supervisor name: عروبة خالد عباس | مدين علي حسين
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) is a form of diabetes which is less recognized and underdiagnosed type of diabetes which appears to have characteristics of both type 1 (autoimmune in nature) and type 2 diabetes (adult age at onset).Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has a worldwide distribution. The bacteria colonize more than half of the world population and consider the main cause of gastritis, peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. The host immune response is unable to clear the infection and may actually contribute to the associated pathogenesis, also the bacterial virulent factors had certain role in the pathogenicity of infection as it was stated by limited studies that the Cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) protein and Vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (VacA) protein positive strains are possibly associated with severe infections.The present study was designed to find out the percent of LADA patients among group of type II Iraqi diabetic patients and the relation between LADA patients and H. pylori infection.The study was carried out on 350 type II patients attending the National Diabetes Center/ Al - Mustansirrhea University/ Baghdad Al - Yarmouk during the period May to October 2014 were recruited for this study. Diagnostic markers for LADA, namely, C - peptide levels by Radioimmunoassay and GAD autoantibodies by ELISA test were determined and other Various parameters such as, HbA1c levels, Anti - H.pylori IgG, Anti - CagA protein and Anti - VacA protein by ELISA test were evaluated and correlated with type 2 diabetes and 40 control, matched by age and gender were also included.57 patients of 350 of type II have low C - peptide level, from which, 40 patients have Anti - GAD65 positive and 17 patients have Anti - GAD65 negative.The percentage of LADA patients among type II diabetes was 11.4%.The mean serum levels of C - peptide of LADA patients, controls and type II diabetes (0.30 vs. 1.94 and 3.15ng/ml) were significantly lower in LADA patients as compared to controls and type II patients (p?0.05).Also the mean blood concentrations of HbA1c of LADA patients, type II and controls (8.5 vs. 7.5 and 5.2 %) were significantly higher in LADA patients as compared to type II patients and controls (p?0.05).The Higher frequency of anti - H. pylori IgG was in LADA patients when compared with patient's controls and healthy controls (59.6%, 21.3% and 19.1%) and the p - value (?0.05).In conclusion, Cytotoxic associated gene A protein (Cag A) protein is more frequency with H. pylori positive patients 36/47 (76.6%) indicate an important role of this virulence factor in the pathogenesis of H. pylori, so they could be considered as a good biomarker for discern the risk of developing serious gastroduodenal disease in the host, than Vacuolating cytotoxin A Protein (Vac A) which is less frequency than Cag A in H. pylori positive patients 16/47 (34%).

تقييم sFas ligand, sFas وcaspase - 3 في المرضى المصابين بمرض ابيضاض الدم النقياني المزمن == Assessment Of Soluble Fas, Soluble Fas Ligand And Caspase - 3 In Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Author name: سحر راضي ياسر
Supervisor name: ميسون علي سليم | بسام فرنسيس متي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ابيضاض الدم النقياني المزمن هو اضطراب التكاثر النقي النسيلي للخلايا الجذعية ويتميز بواسطة فلادلفيا كروموسوم وهو انتقال متبادل بين كروموسوم 9 و22. الجين المسرطن المتحد الجديد المتولد على كروموسوم 22 كنتيجة للانتقال يسمى BCR - ABL gene. في اغلبية المرضى, هذ | Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of the haemopoietic stem cell, defined by the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) - reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The novel fusion oncogenes generated on chromosome 22 as a result of this translocation are called BCR - ABL gene. In the majority of patients, this oncogene transcribes a 210 - kDa constitutively active protein tyrosine kinase, often referred to as p210BCR - ABL, which is necessary for the transformation of the disease. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) - imatinib mesylate (IM) - marked a major advance in CML treatment in terms of efficacy and tolerability and has now become the first line of therapy. In CML, besides genetic change during which a normal cell is transformed into a malignant one, evasion of apoptosis (programm cell death PCD) is one of the essential changes in a cell that cause malignant transformation. So ‘Evading apoptosis’ has been recognized as one of the six hallmarks of cancers, as reduced apoptosis or its resistance plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. Soluble receptors (sFas) that act as decoys, binding FasL and preventing association with transmembrane Fas. So production of sFas in tumor patients may be a key mechanism to inhibit Fas - mediated apoptosis. Soluble FasL competes with the membrane - bound counterpart; however, it can act even as an antagonist preventing apoptosis induction by the membrane integrated form of the ligand. Recently, caspase - 3 has been demonstrated to play an important role in determining the cellular sensitivity to diverse apoptotic stimuli, also it is involved in a number of non - apoptotic events. So the aims of the study were to estimate the level of serum sFas, sFas ligand & caspase - 3 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia at time of diagnosis (newly diagnosed), then after receiving imatinib myselate treatment with optimal response and compare them with healthy control. It was a prospective study, included 56 Iraqi CML patients (25 were males and 31 were females with Age ranged from 15 - 78 years) attending to Baghdad teaching hospital/hematology department between November 2012 up to June 2013, were categorized by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) for Ph chromosome into two stages, newly diagnosed CML patients (FISH Ph cells result ? 90% ) not received any treatment and optimally treated (complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) = FISH Ph cells result < 1% or by major molecular response (MMoR) = BCR - ABL : ABL ?0.10% by International Scale, on RT - Q - PCR) with imatinib mesylate 400 mg/day at least 1 year. Then used an ELISA technique to assess serum level of sFas, sFas Ligand (sFasL) & Caspase - 3 for each patients of CML, and compared them with 28 apparently healthy volunteers used as control. The controls were age and sex matched with the patients, they were not taken medication and with no history of chronic illness and/or acute infection. As well as, they were nonsmoker and nondrinker. For patients the inclusion criteria including all patients were free of fever and other chronic illness such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and infection; also they had no history of smoking and drinking of alcohol. And the exclusion criteria including patients suffering from any chronic, debilitating disease and other blood disorders were not taken.The observed results revealed the following : ? Patients were included in the study, male : female ratio was 0.8 : 1with mean age 42.6± 14.0.? The mean± SD serum of sFas levels (pg/ml) for the newly diagnosed and optimally responded of CML was 1163.6±231.5 and 1021.7±360.6 respectively.? The mean± SD serum of sFas Ligand levels (pg/ml) for the newly diagnosed and optimally responded of CML was 216.9±165.7 and 147.7±91 respectively. ? The median serum of Caspase - 3 (ng/ml) for the newly diagnosed and optimally treated cases was 0.421 and 0.361 respectively. ? The mean± SD serum of sFas and sFas Ligand levels (pg/ml) for the healthy group was 970.1±361.7, 152.5±98 consequently. The median serum of Caspase - 3 (ng/ml) for the healthy group was 0.314.? Serum sFas level was increased in newly diagnosed compare with optimal responder and healthy control group. Also serum sFas level in optimal responder group was increase when compared with healthy control group. The differences observed were no statistical significance (P=0.09).? Serum sFasL level was increased in newly diagnosed patients of CML when compared with optimal responder and healthy control group. But serum sFasL level in optimal responder group was decreased when compared with healthy control group. The differences observed were non statistical significance (P=0.07).? Serum Caspase - 3 level showed statistically significant (P ?0.001) increase in newly diagnosed when compared with healthy control group. While it was in optimal responder group was statistically increased (not significant P=0.13) when compared with healthy control group. And its level was increased in newly diagnosed compare with responder group which was statistically significant (P= 0.04).Finally, this study concluded that increase in sFas and sFas Ligand &Caspase - 3 in newly diagnosed CML patients compared with optimally and healthy control groups. Also concluded that Caspase - 3 was a good confirmed test to diagnose newly CML cases

دور بعض المؤشرات الالتهابية المختارة في البول وبروتينات خلية البودوسايت عند مرضى اعتلال الكلية السكري == The Role Of Selected Urinary Inflammatory Markers On Podocyte In Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

Author name: داليا محمود خلف
Supervisor name: رفيف صبيح الشوك | عصام نوري الكروي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اعتلال الكلية السكري هو السبب الرئيسي للمرض الكلوي المزمن وويرتبط ذلك مع زيادة وفيات مرضى القلب والاوعية الدموية. التعريف الكلاسيكي لاعتلال الكلية السكري هو زيادة افراز البروتين في البول. وتتميز المرحلة المبكرة للمرض عن طريق زيادة صغيرة في افراز الزلا | Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic renal disease. It is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. The DN has been classically defined as increased protein excretion in urine. Early stage is characterized by a small increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE), also called microalbuminuria or incipient DN. More advanced disease is defined by the presence of macroalbuminuria or proteinuria. The latter is classically named overt DN.This study was planned with the aim of evaluate the levels of urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein - 1(MCP - 1), interleukin (IL - 18), Osteopontin and Nephrin at diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with the parameters in Iraqi type 2 diabetic subjects and to explore the impact of albuminuria and duration of the diabetes on fine glomerular architecture using podocyte injury related marker (Nephrin) in urine. This may explore the more specific, and sensitive early biomarkers for nephropathy in diabetic patients and could help the physicians in controlling the occurrence of renal failure.Sixty Iraqi type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the National Diabetes Center for Treatment and Research at Al - Mustansiriyah University during the period October 2014 - June 2017 were recruited for this study. For the purpose of comparison, 20 control subjects matched for age, gender and ethnic background were also included. The patients and controls were characterized in family history of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy groups divide by used Albumin to creatinine ratio. The patients were also assessed for duration of disease, fasting serum glucose, and serum creatinine and blood urea.The mean urinary level of MCP - 1 (15.38±15.50 vs. 6.10±7.23pg/ml) and IL - 18 (35.90±16.67 vs. 23.55±12.67pg/ml) and osteopontin (337.15±257.06 vs. 174.11±183.65ng/ml) and nephrin (100.01±88.66 vs. 52.23±19.61ng/ml) were significantly higher in T2DM patients as compared to controls.The mean levels of urinary MCP - 1, uIL - 18 and osteopontin in macroalbuminurea group of patients were significantly higher than those in normoalbumine ( p < 0.008, p< 0.0001 and p< 0.03 respectively), and only of the Nephrin in the normoalbuminurea group of patients showed significant increased level as compared to the controls (52.23±19.61 vs.75.05±37.8 ng/ml) (p<0.022).The duration of disease showed an increase in mean of urinary level for all the markers MCP - 1, IL - 18, osteopontin and nephrin (17.01±18.09 vs. 19.76±21.30 pg/ml, 29.24±15.98 vs. 42.98±17.25pg/ml, 321.1±291.05 vs. 409.05±210.0ng/ml, 99.40±48.40 vs. 79.21±44.23 ng/ml) respectively, in late duration of disease as compared with early duration of disease except in Nephrin showed the early duration of disease higher than the late duration of disease (99.40±48.40 vs. 79.21±44.23), although the differences were not significant.The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for all markers MCP - 1, IL - 18, Osteopontin and Nephrin levels (MCP - 1 = 0.72, IL - 18 = 0.71, Osteopontin =0.70 and Nephrin =0.72) for early diagnosis and detection of DN revealed that the cut - off value of uMCP - 1 was 6.23 pg/mg with 70% sensitivity and 75% specificity; whereas, the cut - off value of u IL - 18 pg/ml was 23.69 ng/mg with 80% sensitivity and 59% specificity and Nephrin was 49.5 ng/ml with 78% sensitivity and 55% specificity. uOsteopontin was 182 ng /ml with 68% sensitivity and 69% specificity.The linear correlation revealed a significant positive linear correlation between urinary MCP - 1, IL - 18, Nephrin and A : C ratio, also showed a significant negative linear correlation between urinary MCP - 1, IL - 18, osteopontin and GFR.In conclusion the Nephrin may be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker a for the early detection and progression of diabetic nephropathy while the uMCP - 1, uIL - 18 and uOsteopontine may be considered as potential prognostic biomarkers for the diabetic nephropathy. The duration of disease also affect investigated biomarkers suggesting the long term effect of hyperglycemia

دراسة التعبير المناعي النسيجي الكيميائي لبعض المعلمات المناعية في مختلف درجات سرطان البروستات == Study The Immunohistochemical Expression Of Some Immunological Markers In Different Grades Of Prostate Cancer

Author name: حسن هادي زريج
Supervisor name: زينب فاضل عاشور | وسن عبد الاله باقر
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer related death among males worldwide. Prostate cancer developed in prostate , a gland that is located below the bladder and just in front of rectum.Inflammation is a fundamental physiological process that can arise in any tissue in response to traumatic, infectiousor autoimmune injury. Transforming growth factor beta one (TGF - ?I) is a potential regulator of prostate cancer cell growth that signals through a heteromeric complex composed of type I and type II receptors.TGF - ?R II is an important receptor , because TGF - ? bind to receptor II to initiate it's signaling, then receptor II recruits receptor I to initiate signal transduction. Interleukin - 17 (IL - 17) is a pro - inflammatory cytokine produced by T - helper 17 (Th17) cells contributes toboth the processes by playing a dual role in the antitumor immunity. On one hand, IL - 17 encourages an antitumor cytotoxic T cell response leading to tumor regression. On the other hand, by promoting angiogenesis and egress of tumor cells from the primary focus, so IL - 17 promotes tumor growth.This study was carried out to establish the correlation between expression of Transforming growth factor beta one(TGF - ?I), Transforming growth factor beta receptor one (TGF - ?RI) and Transforming growth factor beta receptor two (TGF - ?RII) and prostate cancer progression. Also to establish the role of IL - 17 in prostate cancer development.The study consisted of 16 patients with poorly differentiated malignancy (PDM) ,whose age ranged (48 - 89) years, with mean age of (71.2) years , and 25 patients with moderately differentiated malignancy(MDM) , whose age ranged (31 - 83) years , with mean age of (66.6) years , and 46 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) , whose age ranged (27 - 85) years , with mean age of (64.3) years. Allpatients were diagnosed surgically by consultant physicians in Baghdad hospital for specialist surgeries , Al - Yarmook teaching hospital ,as well as AL - Hilla teaching hospital , and 20 normal tissue sample taken from cadaver, whose age ranged (17 - 28) years , with mean age of (21.8) years , where chosen as a control group. The work was conducted in Iraqi center for cancer and medical genetic researches. The study were performed during the period from March 2014 to December 2014).Immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was used to detect the level of expression of TGF - ?I , TGF - ?RI , TGF - ?RII and IL - 17 protein in tissues of patients and healthy control groups.The current study revealed that there was significant difference in mean levels of TGF - ?I protein expression between each of poorly and moderately differentiated malignancy compared with healthy control subjects with P - value of 0.001 , but there was no significant difference in mean level of TGF - ?Iprotein expression between benign prostatic hyperplasia and healthy control subjects with P - value of 0.398. Also there was no significant difference between poorly and moderately differentiated malignancy in mean level of TGF - ?I protein expression.TGF - ?R1 protein was expressed in 3 (18.7%) and 14 (56%) of poorly and moderately differentiated malignancy respectively , with weak immunostaining reaction was the most frequent score. There was significant difference in mean level of TGF - ?RI protein expression among all studied groups. TGF - ?RII protein was expressed in 6 (37.5%) and 22 (88%) of poorly and moderately differentiated malignancy respectively ,with weak immunostaining reaction was the most frequent score. There was significant difference in mean level of TGF - ?RII protein expression among all studied groups.IL - 17 immunohistochemical expression was detected in tissues of all studied groups , the results showed that moderate immunostaining reaction was the most frequent score among them. There was significant difference in mean levels of IL - 17 protein expression among all studied groups.We concluded that there was statistically significant association between the loss ofexpression of TGF - ?1 signaling receptors, especially TGF - ?RI, andincreasing grades of malignancy in prostate cancer. These resultssuggest a potential mechanism for prostate cancer cells toescape the growth inhibitory effect of TGF - ? and thus, leadingto a more malignant phenotype.

دراسة التنميط الجيني لفيروس الSEN في متبرعي الدم الاصحاء ومرضى الثلاسيميا المصابين وغير المصابين بفيروس التهاب الكبد نمط ج واهميته السريرية == Genotypic Study Of SEN Virus In Healthy Blood Donors And Thalassemia Patients; With Or Without HCV Infection And Its Clinical Importance

Author name: بشار منذر خزعل الزبيدي
Supervisor name: اروى هادي الحمداني | اشنا جمال فائق
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Blood transfusion is one of the most common routes of viral hepatitis transmission among population. There are several diseases need continuous blood transfusions to manage the patient's condition; one of these diseases is ?thalassemia, so these patients are at increased risk of infection with blood transfusion transmitted agents. SEN - Virus is a DNA virus which is associated with acute post - transfusion hepatitis and the prevalence with the clinical importance and also the genetic characterization are still much unknown in Iraq; therefore, this study was designed to investigate the occurrence and the clinical importance of SEN - virus infection in healthy blood donors and thalassemia patients with or without HCV infection and then the study of the genome sequencing and the phylogenetic analysis of SEN - V clones. One hundred and fifty eight thalassemia patients (57.6% male, 42.4% female), with mean age of 16.8±8.5 year, and one hundred and fifty healthy blood donors with randomly selected persons (58.7%male, 41.3% female), with mean age of 16.7±8.6 year. All these samples involved in this study that were conducted in the period between January to June 2015. SEN - V had been identified by DNA extraction, DNA amplification by nested conventional PCR and then Agarose gel electrophoresis amplified DNA bands detection; while HCV was identified by RNA extraction, RNA reverse transcription into complementary DNA, DNA amplification by nested conventional PCR and then Agarose gel electrophoresis amplified DNA bands detection. Liver transaminases (Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase) were determined, in addition of measure of serum ferritin levels by VIDAS. SEN - V was detected in 68 out of 158 (43%) thalassemia patients and 16 out of 150 (10.7%) blood donors. HCV prevalence was (11.4%) in thalassemia patients. There was significant increase observed in the occurrence of SEN - V or HCV infection with age but there was no significant difference observed in the occurrence of both with gender. The most important (hepatotropic) SEN - V genotypes were SEN - V - D and SEN - V - H and there were patients infected with D genotype or H genotype alone, while there were patients co - infected with D and H. According to HCV and SEN - V co - infection status, patients and controls subdivided into six subgroups : subgroup I was thalassemia HCV RNA + and SENV DNA +, subgroup II was thalassemia HCV RNA + and SEN - V - , subgroup III was thalassemia HCV RNA - and SEN - V DNA +, subgroup IV was thalassemia HCV RNA - and SEN - V - , subgroup V was control SEN - V + and finally subgroup VI was control SEN - V - . Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant increase in AST and ALT levels in subgroup I when compared with the other subgroups - that showed the increasing relationship in the case of infection with both viruses - and there were no any significant differences in ferritin levels among these subgroups. Moreover, there were no significant differences between SEN - V - D, SEN - V - H and SEN - V - D and H co - infected samples in AST, ALT and ferritin among thalassemia patients and controls. The results from the study of gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of samples of amplified SEN - V - D and samples of amplified SEN - V - H DNA which were selected randomly from blood donors and thalassemia patients infected with D or H genotypes alone or together (co - infection), revealed that the most transmission route of SEN - V D and H was blood transfusion that is because there was (99%) gene similarity between blood donors and thalassemia patients, furthermore SEN - V - D or SEN - V - H sequences of the co - infected persons were the same sequences of D or H genotypes alone and with the observations of similarity with neighboring countries.

Immunological Status Of Seminal Plasma For Bodybuilders On Androgenic Anabolic Steroid Hormones == Immunological Status Of Seminal Plasma For Bodybuilders On Androgenic Anabolic Steroid Hormones

Author name: Anwar M. Rasheed Abdulhussein
Supervisor name: Dr.Abduladheem Y. Abbood AL.Barra
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Medicine
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Exercises done by bodybuilder have great benefit for the general health and muscle size and performance. Anabolic androgenic steroid hormones are commonly used by bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and strength depending on its mode of action to increase the level of nitrogen retention in muscle, insulin like growth factor IGF - 1 increase in muscle tissue and seminal fluid. IGF - 1 responsible for Cell proliferation, growth and inhibiting apoptosis activity. Also AAS generally has an immunmodulatory impact on cytokines interactions as well as infertility. This study was designed to estimate the changes in cytokines in seminal plasma, sperm count in the seminal fluid and estimation of testosterone concentration in serum due to the impact of androgenic anabolic steroids hormones in bodybuildrs. Eighty male volunteers their age groups are ranging from 21 - 35 years. They were divided into three groups; the first group 27 age matched volunteers apparently healthy (healthy control group) , Second group 27 bodybuilders players attending the sport club with androgen anabolic steroid hormone abuse (AAS) (steroid group), and the third group 26 bodybuilder players attending this sport club in Baghdad without AAS uptake (fitness group ). A blood sample and seminal fluid were obtained from each individual involved in this study. Blood, serum and seminal plasma were prepared from these samples were obtained and applied for estimation of testosterone level by using enzyme immuno - florescent technology. Anti - sperm Ab test by heamo - aglutenation method was used to exclude the positive cases from this study.Heparinized blood was used for estimation of neutrophil phagocytic activity Sperm count was done for each seminal fluid sample, cytokines were estimated by sandwich ELISA method, in seminal plasma, these cytokines are IL - 6, IL - 10,IL17a,TNF - ? and INF - ?. The bodybuilders with AAS uptake showed a significant reduction in sperm count (P=0.00), fitness group sperm count showed slight nonsignificant decrease compared to healthy control group (P=0.7). Serum testosterone level in the AAS uptake group showed a significant decline compared with fitness and healthy control groups (P= 0.00). Exercise alone increases the level of IL - 6 (P=0.00), while exercise with AAS uptake decreases the level of IL - 6 (P=0.06). The fitness group showed highly significant increases in TNF alpha (P =0. 00). IL - 10 as an anti - inflammatory cytokine shows a high level in the AAS uptake group compared to the healthy group (0.04). IL - 17 as an inflammatory cytokine showed high significant increase in steroid group and fitness group (P=0.00), which indicate that both exercises with and without AAS uptake increases the level of IL - 17 secretion(P= 0.02) separately or in combination. Phagocytosis of AAS uptake group showed a highly significant decline (P= 0.00).The correlation results showed that there is a complex network interactions between the studied cytokines. The Phagocytic activity of the AAS uptake group showed a strong correlation with both IL - 6 and IL - 10 levels. IL - 10 as a suppresser cytokine has a significant correlation with TNF - alpha, INF - gamma and IL - 17A while, IL - 10 showed a negative correlation with IL - 6. IL - 17 which act as an inflammatory cytokine has a significant correlation with all cytokines except IL6 and phagocytic activity. Generally seminal plasma cytokine network may be under the effect of immune regulation mechanism and cytokine inactions as well as, the impact of steroids uptakes. In general the final impact of AAS uptake on bodybuilders immunity are declining in phagocytosis and an increase in IL - 10 which act as suppressor to the Th1 immune response and increase of IL - 17 which has a role in increasing the inflammatory response so, these results suggest that AAS abuse players may be more liable for infection and decrease in sperm count which may cause temporary or permanent infertility.

دراسة المقاومة المتعددة للمضادات الحيوية لعصيات التدرن لدى مرضى التدرن الرئوي == A Study On Drug Resistance Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Author name: انمار ليث طالب الحسني
Supervisor name: عامر رشيد النجار | احمد اسمر منخي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر عزلات جراثيم التدرن المقاومه للادوية من المشاكل الرئيسية في معالجة مرضى التدرن حول العالم. , ولاهميته اجريت هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء اكثر حول الحساسيه الدوائية بواسطة الطرق المختبرية التقليدية وعلى الوسط الصلب ومقارنته مع الطرق التشخيصية المختبرية ا | Drug resistant tuberculosis remained as major problems in the treatment of tuberculosis patients in the world. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate drug susceptibility testing (DST) by classical methods on solid media as compared with advance and molecular Laboratory diagnostic methods (Bactec MGIT 960 and GeneXpert MTB - RIF ). The study included the estimation of the first line anti - TB drugs, including (Rifampicin,Isonizid,Streptomycin and Etambutol) by solid media (Lowenstein - Jensen medium) and Bactec MGIT 960 system. In addition, the use of rapid molecular diagnostic method by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Seventy five TB patients attending the National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis /medical city - Baghdad from December 2015 to June 2016 were included in this study. Patients were classified into two main groups : selected MDR patients, which were referred from different hospitals and health respiratory center in Iraq, represented 46 in order to compare different laboratory methods to detect of DST isolates, while 29 were randomly isolated and identified , the study matched by age and gender were also included. This study revealed that the drug resistance tuberculosis to Rifampicin was 47 (62.7%), Isonizid 41 (54.7%), Streptomycin 42 (56.0%) and Ethambutol 38 (50.7%). Respectively , on the golden stander in which solid media were used.The molecular and advance technique (GeneXpert and Bactec MGIT 960) as applied to estimation of drug resistance tuberculosis, the results of drug susceptibility testing (DST), as showed highly sensitivity and Accuracy, when compared with golden stander( LJ media) especially in detected of primary drugs (Rifampicin and Isoniazid) and showed lower sensitivity and accuracy to detected of the secondary drugs (Streptomycin and Ethambutol). The Multiple drug resistance (MDR - TB) case from selective samples was found to be almost similar to that found in other countries of the middle east and other regions in the world. While in the randomly identified samples, the rate of MDR - TB was lower than the referred (previously treated) cases.The GeneXpert MTB - RIF system is rapid molecular methods that used in many countries to identify of MTB and Rifampicin detected during 2 hours only, that used in this study. The high Rifampicin resistance and other drugs of local isolates could be due to abuse of the drug,defaulter and relapse of retreating cases (previously treated).

دراسة التنميط الجيني لفيروس تي تي في مرضى الثلاسيميا المصابين وغير المصابين بفيروس التهاب الكبد نمط ج

Author name: ابتسام نايف عودة الجبالي
Supervisor name: اروى هادي الحمداني
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ما زال الكثيرون لا يعرفون الاهمية السريرية لفيروس تي تي الذى رشح كاحد فايروسات التهاب الكبد انماط A - G)).ان فيروس تي تي يصيب المرضى المعرضين لخطر الحقن ونقل الدم المتكرر، كما في المرضى المصابين بفقر دم البحر الابيض المتوسط(? - Thalassemia major). تمت هذة | Much is still unknown about the clinical significance of TT virus (TTV) that has been reported as a candidate for non A - G hepatitis virus. TTV infects patients at risk for parenteral exposure and chronic blood transfusion, such as those with ? - thalassemia major. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and clinical importance of TTV infection in thalassemia patients with or without hepatitis C virus (HCV) co - infection, furthermore to sequence and analyse phylogentic of TTV clones.One hundred fifty four thalassemia patients (64.3% male, 35.7% female) with a mean age of 23.8±6.8 years were involved in this study that was conducted in the period between Feb. to Dec. 2013. TTV DNA was detected using Real time PCR. Furthermore, conventional PCR was done for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using N22 region from open reading frame 1 (ORF1). Anti - HCV antibody was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot. Then, HCV core antigen was detected in those anti - HCV Abs seropositive samples. Liver transaminases (ALT, AST) were determined, in addition to measure serum ferritin levels by VIDAS ferritin. TTV was detected in 45 of 154 (29.2%) of thalassemia patients with predominance of males than females (64.4% vs. 35.6%). The prevalence rate of anti - HCV Abs were 54.5% with significant increase in females than males (p<0.05).Out of these 84 samples, 59 (70.2%) were positive by HCV core Ag assay and related significantly to frequency of blood transfusion. According to HCV and TTV infection status, patients were categorized into six groups : Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core Ag + TTV+, Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core Ag + TTV - , Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core Ag - TTV+, Anti - HCVAb+ HCV core - TTV - , Anti - HCVAb - TTV+, Anti - HCVAb - TTV - . The increased levels of ALT, AST and ferritin in the HCV and TTV infected group were not significantly different from those in the TTV and HCV negative groups. Co - infection of TTV and HCV were significantly increase ALT levels compared to infection with HCV alone. No association of TTV infection was found with gender, age and frequency of blood transfusion.The results of genotyping in 12 randomly selected patients showed the presence of equal percentage of genotype 1 (G1) and genotype 2 (G2) 50% for each one, with homology between them 79.0%. Other TTV genotypes were not identified in the present study suggesting that G1and G2 are predominant in this area. Mixed infection of the same patient with multiple TTV genotypes was observed. The results concluded that TTV is moderately present in Iraqi thalassemia patients, with G1 and G2 were predominant. Patients co - infected with HCV and TTV had a significantly higher serum ALT level than those without TTV infection, so TTV infection is suggested to have a role in increasing the severity of liver diseases in the thalassemia patients when co - infected with HCV.

اثر مجمع تعليمي في تحصيل طلبة قسم التربية الفنية في مادة فنون الاطفال == The Effect of An Teaching Modul In The Students Achievement of The Department of Art Education In ' Children Arts' Subject

Author name: سالم صدام حواس
Supervisor name: فراس علي حسن الكناني
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Art Education
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Teaching Methods
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي الى الكشف عن (اثر مجمع تعليمي في تحصيل طلبة قسم التربية الفنية في مادة فنون الاطفال)، ولغرض التحقق من هدف البحث تم صياغة الفرضية الصفرية الاتية : - ? لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية (التي تدرس باستعمال ا | The current research aims to detect (the impact of an educational complex in the collection of the students in the Department of Art Education material kids arts), for the purpose of verification of the aim of the research was the formulation of the null hypothesis of the following : - There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group differences (taught using educational complex) and the control group (which is studying the method according to the lecture) Article kids arts at the level of significance (0.05) in the post - test knowledge. Identify current research using educational complex, the material prepared by the kids arts researcher by relying on the opinions of experts and literature own article, and was six educational topics. Limited sample of the research on students Phase II / Mustansiriya University / core / Department of Art Education / Faculty of Education, the morning of the study, was chosen as the research sample Qsidia, as the number of sample students reached (60) students, 30 of them in the experimental group and (30) in the control group, was keen researcher on equal groups in some of the variables that may have an impact on them of the variable (age, sex, educational attainment, previous experience) researcher has chosen experimental design for the two Pachtbarren me and after me. Promising researcher cognitive test has been achieved from the virtual honesty and sincerity content after his presentation to a group of experts in the field (teaching methods of art education and the Measurement and Evaluation). After collecting the data were processed statistically using after the end of the experiment (samples t - test t.test). Results of the experiment showed superiority of the experimental group which studied the way the educational complex on the control group, who studied in the usual way (the lecture) for the same substance, which led to the rejection of the hypothesis of the research. In light of the current search results researcher recommended a set of recommendations, including : Use of the educational complex in teaching the material. As a complement to this research, a development researcher has suggested several proposals, including : conducting similar studies to study the stages of study materials and other stages majoring in art education

اثر انموذج كمب في تحصيل طلبة كلية التربية الاساسية في مادة طرائق تدريس التربية الفنية == The Effect of Kemp Samplle On Achiievement of Basiic Educatiion Collllege Students Iin The Subjject of Art Educatiion Methods

Author name: نور عادل خطاب عزة عريبي
Supervisor name: رغد زكي غياض الحسني
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Art Education
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Art Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The current research aims to identify the impact of camp model ( or design ) on the methods of art education teaching of the college of basic education students. And in order to achieve the research target , the researcher chose a design of a partial adjustment using two groups , one is experiential and the other is standard. The researcher identified the College of Basic Education / Department of Art Education fourth stage as a place to conduct the experiment ,the fourth stage contained two halls only , hall (2) was selected randomly to represent the experimental group that studied according to camp design which contained 40 students after excluding the failing ones , hall (1) was selected to represent the standard group that used the traditional method in studying which contained 40 students after excluding the failing ones.The researcher matched between the two groups statistically through the adjustment of the variables of chronological age , the education attainment of parents and the previous scientific knowledge.And in order to measure up the results of two groups for the second semester of 2013 - 2014 in the subject of ( the methods of art education teaching ) taught by the researcher ,The researcher prepared study test consisted of 41 test items ,20 items of objective type ) choose from many ) and an essay question ?? and 20 items true &false distributed among the four levels of Bloom's classification (knowledge ,comprehension, application, analyses ).CAnd in order to analyze the results statistically, the researcher used (T - Test) that showed the existence of a statistical difference between the two groups degrees for the benefit of the experimental group students used camp sample at level (0,05).The most important results of the research were, promote some skills among students, provide nourishing opportunities for the students to make them closely acquainted with the strong and weak sides of performance, It also depends on the self - learning (personal knowledge ) and this in turn leads to better results in education.The study presented some recommendations and suggestions such as the issuance of teachers guide about the usage of modern scientific samples , especially camp sample or model.The following are the most important suggestions : 1 - The use of camp model in the rest of educational stages.2 - To adopt camp model in designing of the specialized Education Curriculum for the Department of Art Education3 - A comparative study between camp sample and other educational model in motivating learners toward skillful learning.

بناء مقياس مصور للسلوك العدواني لتلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية بعمر 8 - 7 سنوات للحد من استخدام الالعاب الصغيرة == Design And Implementation of Image Tracker Algorithm Based On Matlab

Author name: مهند عبد كيطان
Supervisor name: غازي صالح محمود
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Physical Education
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Trithm is designed to serve two consecutive surveillance stations, in the first station; a pre - recorded video is used to select a vehicle of interest, interac - tively by an operator. The morphological properties of selected vehicle are to be transmitted to the following station and used to recognize the selected vehicle.When the objects pass in front of the second camera viewing area, the algorithm compares between each object?s measured property element and the corresponding received one from previous station. When all proper - ty elements agree to within an absolute tolerance, the object is declared a matching one by bounding it with a red box and showing its path in dotted red line. This treatment continues until the object exits the second camera viewing area (being outside the region of interest, ROI). Tracking process in the second station is performed in an on - line manner, as there is no pre - tracking data.A fixed camera has been considered for motion detection. By sub - tracting the background model from current image, the difference image of variant pixels is generated. Otsu's thresholding method has been used to find a suitable threshold to filter out the camera noise and to determine the sensitivity of motion detection. Morphological operations have been used to improve the segmentation results.Compensation for digital camera's white - balance algorithm has been used (subtracting image mean value) prior to generating difference image. This treatment has satisfyingly enhanced the segmentation operation. Moreover, using Euler number as a feature of a connected area, and adjust - ing the morphological operation sequence to be (close, thicken) combina - tion, has greatly enhanced recognition process; since thicken operation pre - serves Euler number, and hence keeping an important object feature.Adding salt and pepper noise to video frames has shown rather high algorithm sensitivity against noise, since it (the noise) directly affects con - nected area features, such as area and Euler number; 5 percent of noise has reduced hit ratio to about zero percent.The time performance three detection algorithms, namely temporal differencing, fixed background, and Gaussian mixture models, has been tested for a video of (120 x 160) pixels frame - size. For computational cheapness, the fixed background algorithm (which is based on taking the first captured empty video frame as a background) has been adopted in this thesis.

بناء وتقنين بطارية اختبار (بدنية - حركية - مهارية) لانتقاء لاعبي الكرة الطائرة في المنطقة الجنوبية باعمار (10 - 11سنة) == Building And Standard Battery Test (Physical - Kinetic - Skill) To Select Volleyball Players In The Southern Region of The Ages (10 - 11 Years

Author name: محمد عدنان هاشم الهاشمي
Supervisor name: علي سلمان عبد الطرفي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Volleyball
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الانتقاء المبكر هو الاساس في بناء الاندية والمنتخبات ولكي يسير في طريقه الصحيح لابد له من الاستعانة بالاختبارات والقياس ليكونا المعيار والاساس الذي يستند عليه عند الكشف عن قدرات المبتدئين وامكاناتهم, وصولا الى نقطة جوهرية هي تحديد مستوياتهم البدني | The early selection is the basis of building clubs and teams, and in order to be in the right way it is essential to use testing and measurement to be the standard and the foundation which bases upon the detection capabilities of novices and their potential to reach the essential point which determines the levels of physical and motor skills in volleyball players for ages (10 - 11 years) based on scientific bases away from improvisation and randomized by the adoption of these capabilities, as an accurate indicator for the selection as it represents the importance of these variables for each game including volleyball. The problem of the research is how to select players from school teams and national centers for caring the talent sports for volleyball in the southern region, which is a part of the foundation of the national teams and sports clubs depends on the subjective experience of the workers or their dependence on anthropometry only, without depended on scientific standards and reliable tests. selecting people unsuitable for the game leads to lose of effort and money. Thus, to develop appropriate solutions that are important in building and rationing battery test (Physical - Kinetic - Skill) that have been used to select volleyball players in this ages (10 - 11 years) as an indicator of the level of the players in order to select qualified players with high preparations of the physical and motor skills and to achieve high Achievements. The aims of the study is to build a battery of physical , kinetic , and skill tests that represent final factors for selection volleyball players for ages (10 - 11 years) and develop their standard levels. To achieve these goals, descriptive approach have been used by survey and correlation standarised relations to fit the nature of the problem. The sample of the research included (190) Player (10 - 11 year) from volleyball players represent care centers for talent of sports and players of the departments of education in the southern region distributors on three region (Maysan, Basra, Samawah). The Statistical analysis of the obtained data carried out, including the matrix correlation coefficients for all variables and factor of analysis by the basic components using orthogonal rotation. It named each factor which has been accepted , discussed and clarified the method of nomination of tests to represent the final battery of physical, motor ,and skill tests. The most important conclusions that resulted from this study : 1. The battery tests are suitable for the selection of volleyball players in the southern region aged (10 - 11 years).2. The capabilities of explosive power , speed of the transition , spatial accuracy and transmission in volleyball are the most important of physical, motor, and skill indicators that the players of the volleyball in the southern region aged (10 - 11 years) must characterize. 3. The battery tests is characterized by theirs selective goal, and making it easier for testers to understand the instructions, whether applied to them individually or in groups4. The battery tests are important tests that undergo to sufficient studies to extract the foundations and scientific transactions and factor analysis.5. The battery tests characterized by the achievement of results for the levels of the normal standard distribution and acceptable.6. The tests for volleyball players in the southern region (10 - 11 years old) allowed clubs and schools identify the levels of the standard because they are easily to interpret.

اثر استخدام اسلوب التعلم الاتقاني في تعلم بعض انواع التهديف بكرة اليد == The Effect of Using Perfection Education - Strategy In Teaching Some of The Scoring Skills In Handball

Author name: علي يونس حسين سالم المحمداوي
Supervisor name: اسماعيل عبد زيد عاشور الكرعاوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Physical Education
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان اختيار الاسلوب الامثل في تعلم اي مهارة هو الذي يحقق لنا النتائج المطلوبة ويضمن نقل اثر التعلم الايجابي بين الانواع المراد تعلمها والذي يتناسب مع المستوى العمري ومدى صعوبة المهارة المراد تعلمها. وان استخدام اسلوب التعلم الاتقاني يعني الوصول بالمجموعة ال | This included the door on the front and the importance of research.The selection of the optimum technique in learning any skill is to achieve our desired results and ensures the transfer between the positive impact of learning skills to be learned and that fits with the age level and how difficult skill to be learned. And that the use of the Platform means learning Alatghani access group educated to a degree of perfection in learning and performance before moving on to learn other skills more complex and difficult. This included the door the importance of research, and his problem, and objectives, and homework, and the fields and which (human domain, the domain temporal, spatial domain).Part II : Turning researcher in this section to two axes : Axis I : theoretical studies and interconnected, and included theoretical studies (strategic, Alatghani learning, skills scoring the ball). Axis II : Studies interconnected, and included (study Majid Khalil (2012), a study Iyad Mohammed Shit (1994), a study Yassin Abdel - Halim (2012)).Part III : This included a chapter research methodology, as used researcher experimental approach, and selected research sample randomly and number (81) students from the first grade average of secondary - Mutanabbi, and deliberately researcher to parity side of knowledge and skills, and knowledge of research tools and procedures to identify the skills, and tests and experience exploratory and conditions for scientific achievement tests knowledge and skills in terms of the (honesty, consistency, objectivity) as well as the construction of the test in the collection of knowledge and preparation of curriculum and post tests, and statistical methods.Part IV : This included a chapter on the display, and analyze and discuss the results of the tests tribal, and meta - search for the two sets of control and experimental.Part V : This included the door a set of conclusions and recommendations, including : Conclusions 1 - learning strategy Alatghani positive impact on some of the skills ofe scoring and scoring FLAGELLATE of consistency and scoring from jumping in handball. 2 - manner as its impact on the skills of the scoring and scoring FLAGELLATE of consistency and scoring from jumping.Recommendations1 - emphasis on learning strategy Alatghani in physical education lesson material including handball. 2 - work to benefit from the results of the study using the learning capabilities Alatghani in scoring FLAGELLATE skills and scoring of consistency and scoring jump of the other variables.

انموذج مقترح باستعمال الاهداف السلوكية وفق تصنيف سمبسون وتاثيره في تعلم بعض مهارات الكرة الطائرة == A Suggested Model By The Use of The Behavioral Objective According To Simpson Classification And Its Effect On The Learning of Some Volleyballs Skills

Author name: مهند احمد عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: ايمان حمد شهاب الجبوري
General topic: Educational Sciences
Specific topic: Methods of Teaching Physical Education
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اكد الباحث في المقدمة واهمية البحث على اهمية تاثير استعمال تصنيف سمبسون للاهداف السلوكية في التعلم المهاري ( النفسحركي ) الذي يتضمن سبع مستويات هي (الادراك الحسي، التهيؤ والاستعداد، الاستجابة الموجهة، الية الاداء او الميكانيكية، الاستجابة المعقدة، التكيف | The thesis included the following five chapters : The first chapter : introduction to the thesis : This chapter included an introduction, importance and its problem, objective, hypothesis, it extents and determine the most important terms in relation to the title.The researcher reaffirmed in the introduction the importance of using Simpson Classification and its Effect on the Learning of Some skills as the classification includes five levels (sensual realization, preparation and readiness, directed response, mechanical performance, complex response, conditioning and adjustment to take the learner to high degree of mastering and innovation. The lesson of physical education in all its departments and sections has designed behavioral terms which all the learner should do can be explained in that aspect. With the existence of a modern teaching plan that is in harmony with all the aspects objectives (cognitive, mental and psychometric objectives). The problem of study is confined to finding cases of hesitation and little mastering for students in their basic skill performance in volleyball. after search and investigation, the researcher found that there are a number of educational classifications that contribute in achieving set of objectives in compliance inside the pedagogic situation and concentrate on manifesting the learner as the pivot and the cornerstone in the process of education. The researcher preferred to study Simpson Classification of behavioral objectives by treating that problem as this classification is subject to verification when the learner passes through seven graduated levels from the difficult to the easy.The research objectives are the following : 1. Constructing a model by the use of behavioral objectives according to Simpson’s Classification in learning some of skills in volleyball. 2. Knowing the effect of the suggested model by the use of behavioral objectives according to Simpson’s Classification in learning some of skills in volleyball. The researcher hypothesized the following : 1. There is statistically significant differences between the results of pretest and posttest to the two groups of the study (experimental and control) for the interest of the posttest at the level of 0.05. 2. There is statistically significant differences between the results of posttest for the two groups of the study (experimental and control) for the interest of the experimental group at the level of 0.05. The domains of study are : 1. Human domain : a sample of preparatory stage - Fifth grade - at Ibn Rushud Preparatory school for boys - the Education of Rusafa the Second of (40) students.2. Temporal domain : the period from 14/2/2010 to 19/4/2010 A.C.3. Spatial domain : the yard of Ibn Rushud Preparatory school for boys - the Education of Rusafa the Second - New Baghdad region. The second chapter : this chapter includes the theoretical framework and the similar previous studies. The reesracher tackled in his theoretical framework the concept of pedagogic model, educational objectives, behavioral objectives (definition, importance, scopes, levels and methods of their formulation), the psychometric skill objectives, Simpson’s Classification of behavioral objectives, the concepts of teaching and learning and motional learning, the skill preparation of volleyball, the basic skills in volleyball, the skills under research are (sending skill, receiving skill, preparation skill, individual fence skill). It also included two previous similar studies from which the indications and distinguishing were deducted.Third chapter : the chapter included the mythology of the study and its field procedures. The reeseracher employed the experiential procedure for its suitability with the nature of his study. He conducted the experiment of a sample of a sample of preparatory stage - Fifth grade - at Ibn Rushud Preparatory school for boys - the Education of Rusafa the Second who were randomly chosen. They were subdivided into two equal groups (experimental and control group). Then, the experimental design was posed for arriving at the validity and accuracy of the procedure of the study according to the variables of (age, height, the extended arms. weigh). The researcher qualified in the light of the results of posttest. The researcher showed the methods of data collection and the researching - assisting equipments. He also determined the most importamt basic skills in volleyball by the experts and determined the nominated skills by the specialists.He applied the pedagogic procedure in sixteen pedagogic units as two units per week concentrating more on the pedagogic part which is 10 minutes of the main section and the variables were adjusted during execution. After that the posttest were conducted and the results were processed with the suitable statistical means which are (percentile, arithmetic rate, percentage weight, Simple corralatuion coefficient (Pearson)). The pretest and posttest results were processed by the use of the

تاثير التدريبات الخاصة والمكملات الغذائية في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والمؤشرات الوظيفية والكفاية القتالية لرجال النخبة في العمليات الخاصة == The Influence of Special Exercises And Nutritional Supplements In The Development of Some of The Physical Capacity And Functional Indicators Enough To Combat Men'S Elite Special Operations

Author name: رياض عبد الحسين ابو جري
Supervisor name: عباس فاضل جابر الخزاعي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Fitness
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: مقدمة البحث واهميته : بالنظر للتطور السريع الذي حدث في ميادين الحياة كلها المدنية والعسكرية، وتماشيا مع التطور الذي حصل اصبحت الحاجة ملحة للاهتمام بالمقاتل في قواتنا المسلحة من الناحيتين القتالية والانجازية واصبحت امكانية استخدام المقاتل للاجهزة الحديثة و| Part I : Definition search : Provided and the importance of research : Given the rapid development that has taken place in all fields of civil and military life, and in line with the development that took place is an urgent need for attention Palmqatl in our armed forces from the combat and Alanejazah became the possibility of using fighter modern, advanced high efficiency and the ability of the devices.The longer the special operations Specil Operation of complex combat operations and follows need to be trained fighters advanced training. And preparers militarily and physically and psychologically prepare special, and of course this type of operation is carried out by sub - units upscale training the researcher prepared a selection of good fighters and created their training curriculum proposal with some dietary supplementsThe importance of research, it lies in finding ways to develop the level of performance by the physical abilities and dietary supplements according to the scientific program thoughtful in the development of functional devices.Search problem : The researcher said that the focus of the research problem, including the following : Special exercises in the training curriculum and in the other dietary supplements side which Tsa'daly development level sufficiently combat positively, weakness efficiencies physical men's elite special operations military, which has a direct impact on the level of performance while training Lotta Terha in combat capability, and to carry an influential role in the completion of fighters and forms of training (physical _alguetala _ and tactical) innovative positive impact on the competence of combat.Research aims : Researcher aims to achieve three goals : 1. Prepare approach own exercises and nutritional supplements for men's elite special operations. 2. identify the impact of the training curriculum dietary supplements in the development of some physical abilities and functional Almosrat. 3. identify the impact of the special exercise and dietary supplements on the efficiency of the fighting men of the elite special operations.Part II : Theory and previous studies : This touched a researcher at the door to topics related variables SearchPart III : research methodology and field proceduresThe researcher used the experimental method in his designs president and is the experimental method using two unequal, and ensure that the door and a description of the research community and appointed with the homogeneity of the sample and berewarded with the instruments and tools used in the research and means of data collection and experiment exploratory as well as clarify the tests used in the search : The sample was divided into two groups (experimental and control group). As the experimental group underwent training subsidized food supplements either the control group did not undergo the training program and the food prepared for the experimental group and the duration of a program by two months (11) training units per week.The boldest researcher tests before me and after me and was on the pre - test and post - test 01.03.2015 dated 03/03/2015.The researcher used the statistical method (SPSS) for the purpose of processing the data statistically : This section included a research methodology used, which the experimental method, the research sample, which included 60 fighter fighters session (58) stun cycle, Academy of the fight against terrorism were divided into two groups and by (30) fighter for each group, research tools, exploratory experiment, measurements used in the search, which included anthropometric measurements (height, weight) to measure functional variables, and steps Ajrath field and the tools used and the proposed training program.Part IV : Results, analysis and discussionThis section included a presentation of the results of statistical treatment using a set of tables and then analyzed and discussed in a scientific manner supported by accurate scientific sources and through this discussion has been reached to achieve the objectives of the research and checking homework.Part V : Conclusions and recommendations : Researcher have emerged from several conclusions During his studies through which to achieve the goals of the research and homework and developed several recommendations to serve our armed forces.Conclusions : 1. There are statistically significant for the fitness tests are all significant differences in favor of the post test in the experimental group and this shows that the sample has evolved well in workouts (physical capacity).2. Godfrouk moral statistically significant tests combat capability and in favor of the post test in the experimental group and this shows that the sample has evolved well and this shows that the sample may well have evolved in this tactical test of combat which includes the performance of all physical and kinetic characteristics and combat skills3. It turns out the researcher that training, in particular circuit training has helped to contribute to the fitness of the fighters who helped keep the fighters going on the movement of non - stop development as well as ensuring the performance of the entire group because they are in front of the teacher and help in setting and order in the training on the basis of work and rest time which ensures not lost any part of the time.4. There are significant differences in the development of some physical abilities and functional Almosrat and in favor of the experimental group.5. The proposed approach to training a significant effect in the development of some physical abilities and functional Almosrat.6. The diet using X - Blood compound gave an increase in muscle strength and commensurate with the training curriculum for muscle power (optimum and explosive and quick), which was originally targeted for the development of this muscle power through various exercises used by the members of the experimental sample.Recommendations : 1. benefit as much as possible of the proposed training curriculum fighters prepared for Special Operations (Elite).2. use the method of training in the fitness ring fighters development.3. The introduction of combat exercises and performance skills within the training programs and the development of special units to Hadmn programs.4. The need to open specialized training courses for teachers and to continually Aejadmwaliman specialists.5. conducted at similar field research in this area to take advantage as much as possible Mnhola combatants and get them to the high level of combat efficiency.6. Introduce the proposed approach within the training curricula of the armed forces because it proved to be a significant impact in the development of some physical abilities and functional Almosrat

تاثير بعض تمرينات اليوغا في تركيز الانتباه والانجاز لدى لاعبي المنتخب الوطني للشباب بالقوس والسهم == The Effect of Some Yoga Exercises In Concentration And Attention To The Achievement of The National Team Players For Youth Bow And Arrow

Author name: كريم حمد كاظم
Supervisor name: لؤي ساطع محمد جواد
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Shooting
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اهمية البحث هي محاولة من الباحث لايجاد افضل الاساليب في تطوير تركيز الانتباه كونه عامل مهم واساسي لتطوير الانجاز للاعبي القوس والسهم وباستخدام تمرينات اليوغا. يرى الباحث من خلال تحديده لمشكلة البحث ان هناك ضعفا واضحا في نتائج لاعبي المنتخب الوطني للشباب | The importance of research is an attempt by the researcher to find the best methods to develop focus attention being important and essential factor for the development of achievement for the players bow and arrow and using yoga exercises. Researcher finds through its identification of the research problem that there is a clear lack of results of the national team players for youth bow and arrow, the result of distractions and lack of focus during the correction, so it felt researcher use exercises yoga to identify the extent of their impact in the focus of attention and processing with the national team players for youth bow and arrow The study aimed to : - 1. Preparation and application of yoga exercises fit and sample national team players for youth bow and arrow.2. Identify the impact of yoga exercises associated with the training program in the focus of attention and the achievement of the national team players for youth bow and arrow.The researcher assumes that there are significant differences between the results of the tests and tribal posteriori to focus attention and achievement of the control and experimental groups.And that there are statistically significant differences in the results of the post tests between the control and experimental groups in favor of the experimental group in the focus of attention and achievement differences. The research community understand the national team players for the youth bow and arrow totaling (10 players) for ages (18 - 20 years). The temporal area from the date of approval of research and delivery is very Find on Thursday, 06.05.2014 included duration of the test from 14/12/2013 up to 15/3/2014 was an experiment in the court of Baghdad Sports Club in the gardens of Zora park and playground equestrian federation Jadiriya. In the second chapter was addressed to sport a bow and arrow from where founded and nature and tools used in the bow and arrow as well as exercises of yoga, in terms of its inception and its concept and methods of yoga, to the task rules when practicing yoga, as well as the benefits of exercise yoga, as well as to the concept of focus of attention and the factors influencing focus attention and importance in the field of sports, as well as similar female students. But in the third quarter (the research methodology and field procedures) were used experimental approach in line with the nature of the problem, was also selected for the national team players for youth bow and arrow and deliberately because they are all the research community, depending on the results of achievement tribal were divided into two equal groups, experimental and another officer , and in a manner doubles and singles, as well as touched the researcher to the means and instruments and tools used and the steps to conduct the research, tests reconnaissance, tests tribal and preparation exercises yoga for the development of focused attention and achievement tests posteriori as well as a statistical means of b : (courier statistical spss). In the fourth chapter the results presented and discussed, as was the development of the results in tables through which the display tests before and after the experimental groups and the control group separately, and then has been testing a posteriori for the two experimental and control group were then discuss the results of the two groups after the differences between them have emerged.The researcher concluded the following : 1. The development of the experimental and control groups in the focus of attention and the achievement of the players bow and arrow youth.2. The percentage of the evolution of the experimental group is greater than the proportion of the evolution of the control group in focusing attention and achievement of the players bow and arrow youth.3. Yoga exercises have affected the focus of attention and the achievement of the experimental sample of more traditional exercises and used by members of the control group of players bow and arrow youth.4. outweigh the experimental group used yoga exercises demonstrating the effectiveness in the development of focused attention and achievement, as it showed a positive impact, and a significant improvement in the post tests with the experimental group.recommendations. In light of the findings of the researcher from the results, recommend the following : 1. Recommends researcher trained in the Iraqi Central Union of the arch and arrow using yoga exercises associated with the training program in the training curricula, because they have demonstrated a positive impact in the development of focused attention and achievement.2. conduct research and studies using similar exercises yoga on the other age groups and both sexes, and other sporting events associated with the special requirements focus of attention.3. Work on innovation and new ways of training not only in the field of the bow and arrow, but in all other fields of sports in the country to promote the level of sports for the better.
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