العلم العراقي
عرض: 25 50 75 100 النتائج

نتائج البحث: 50 من أصل 6,828

التمنيع باضداد الخمل النوع الاول المنتجة من بكتريا الاشريكية القولونية المسببة لالتهاب المجاري البولية ضد استيطان واصابة المثانة == Immunization With Type 1 Fimbriae of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Against Colonization And Infection of Bladder

اسم المؤلف: اروى علي شكر
اسم المشرف: رسمية عبد ابو ريشة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Between September and November 2013 a total of 140 urine specimens obtained from patients in Al - Kadhmiah Teaching Hospital, Ibn - Al Naffees Teaching Hospital, and Educational Laboratories in Medical city. These midstream urine specimens were obtained from patients clinically suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) in sterilized containers. All specimens were processed immediately after collection.A total number of 140 specimens of mid - stream urine were collected from patients suffering urinary tract infection symptoms. These isolates were obtained from 41 male and 99 female patients. They were distributed in the age group of 5 - 60 years old. All specimens were identified using biochemical tests and API 20 E system. 60 (42.85%) of urine specimens was Escherichia coli and 15(10.71%) of specimens growth was Klebsiella spp. and 25(17.85%) growth was Proteus spp. and 40 (28.57%) was G+ve bacteria.The adherence ability of E.coli isolates were evaluated by using Congo red agar and detected their ability to produce biofilm by using methylene blue staining technique in polystyrene microtiter plates and then Optical density was determined at 580 nm.All sixty isolates of E.coli were grown on Congo red agar medium to detect their adherence ability. Twenty (33.3%) isolates were given negative result by forming pink colonies on congo red agar, were as, forty (66.6%) isolates were given positive result by forming black colonies with a dry crystalline. Three isolates give strong results E.coli (13, 8, and 40). Consistency indicated biofilm production by microtiter plate. E. coli 40 which isolated produced the thickest biofilm (O.D. : =3.17).Type 1 fimbriae expression by E.coli 40 isolate was detected by mannose - resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) of human blood group (O) IRBCs in the presence of 2% D - mannose. The isolate showed strong MRHA characteristics of type 1 fimbriae under microscope (40x). The E.coli E.40isolate which produced the thickest biofilm and gave strong MRHA was elected to be the source of type 1 fimbriae.Type 1 fimbriae was extracted by heating and mechanical shearing and partially purified by Ultracentrifugation (48, 000xg for 3hrs). SDS - PAGE with a molecular weight 20, 000 Dalton.Anti - type1 fimbriae antisera were prepared in rabbits. The specificity and titration of anti - type1fimbriae antibodies were determined using IgG protein by radial immunodiffusion plate and bacterial agglutination. IgG antibodies to fimbriae type 1 were also detected in rabbit sera from immunized rabbit and non - immunized. Immunized rabbit test 1 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (9.5) mg/dl. Immunized rabbit test 2 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (8.6) mg/dl. The non - immunized rabbit had no increase in absolute IgG antibodies to Fim1.The antisera agglutinated bacterial cells up to 1/80 dilution confirming the presence and titer of specific antibodies against type1 fimbriae.The microtiter plate method was applied to estimate the role of the prepared anti - type1fimbriae antibodies in reducing the biofilim formation by E.coli. Prevention of bacterial adherence and subsequent biofilm formation to polystyrene microtiter plate was studied by employing different dilutions (1/10, 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, 1/320, 1/640) of rabbit sera containing anti - type 1 fimbriae antibodies. The maximum inhibition of biofilm formation in terms of optical density (580 nm) was found in lowest dilution (1/10) (highest concentration of Abs). However, the minimum inhibition was observed in highest dilution of rabbit antisera (1/640) (lowest concentration of Abs). Here the inhibition occurs in a dose dependent manner as the biofilm formation increased dramatically with increasing in antisera dilution. The results also showed that there is a significant difference(P<0.05) among data treated with sera and data without sera and among serial dilutions.General urine examination and culture for urine that absorbed from test 2 and control was done (GUE) show that pus cell in urine was (1 - 2/HPF). There was no growth of bacteria in urine culture.The Histological section show that the Control and test 1 rabbit (have been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli intra muscular) and Test 2rabbit (that has been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli directly in bladder has normal epithelial cells and mucosa.

التقييم الجزيئي لنسخ جين المقاومة الدوائية MDR1 في بعض المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بسرطان ابيضاض الدم الحاد == Molecullar Assessment of Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR1) Transcript In Some Adult Iraqi Patients With Acute Leukemia

اسم المؤلف: كفاح جبار شاكر اليعقوبي
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين الفيصل
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aims to shed light on the follow up of acute leukemic (AL) patients at initial diagnosis and after treatment to assess the response and early relapse through evaluating the gene expression level of one of the major multidrug resistance genes which is the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) to investigate the possible association between level of MDR1 gene expression and the clinical outcomes and this may be considered as a potential marker for response to chemotherapy of acute leukemic patients. Furthermore, the current study correlates between the MDR1 gene phenotype and MDR1 genotype in three important coding regions (C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T considering the potential influence of altering MDR1 activity and its effect on therapy outcome as well as susceptibility to develop cancer.White blood cells (WBCs) isolated from 106 blood sample of acute leukemic patients were provided by Iraqi hospitals in Medical City. These samples were distributed as follows : 46 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia who had not received chemotherapy and follow - up 25 after 1st induction, 17 after 2nd induction and 8 at consolidation, with 10 blood samples of healthy voluntaries. Two comparative groups were taken included 46 sample of peripheral blood (PB) and 26 sample of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in paraffin blocks to validate the level of gene expression compare to WBCs. For genotyping analysis, 56 of blood sample were taken to study genetic variation of MDR1 gene polymorphism. The samples preservation with TRIzol was done. Samples subjected to total RNA and DNA extraction, then molecular study by using reverse transcription, Quantitative Real Time - polymerase chain reaction (qRT - PCR) and direct sequencing, at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital - Kings College / London.The study reached at the following results : 1 - The results showed age groups (20 - 39 years) were associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while (13 - 19 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).2 - The level of MDR1 gene expression showed high significant differences with WBCs compared to PB and BMB.3 - The clinical outcomes indicated that the rate of complete response (CR) of newly diagnosed acute leukemic patients was 19(41%), while 27(58.7%) was non - responder (NR).4 - Statistical analysis showed significant differences with NR at initial diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia, while appeared after 1st induction in lymphoid type.5 - The results of positivity MDR1 gene expression were 10(21.7%) out of 46 newly diagnosed in acute leukemia, while 36(78.3%) were MDR1 - negative depend on (1.1±0.03) cutoff value.6 - The positivity MDR1 gene expression appeared mainly in non - responders patients at initial diagnosis, and with early relapse patients, after complete remission, in consolidation.7 - The MDR1 mRNA expression showed significant differences with high level in NR compared to CR patients at initial diagnosis. During treatment follow up the increased level of MDR1 gene expression in CR patients and appeared non - significantly with NR.8 - The results of MDR1 C1236T genotype and allele frequency showed that 1236CC wild type genotype and C allele were significantly frequent in healthy control. While CT heterozygous genotype frequency was highly significant in AML and no significant difference in allele frequency. ALL showed non - significant difference in genotype and allele frequency of MDR1 C1236T.9 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed no evidence associated with risk factor in MDR1 C1236T ALL carriers. While risk factor observed in AML with MDR1 1236CT carriers.10 - The results of MDR1 phenotype - genotype association indicate that MDR1 1236CC wild type was significantly high expression among healthy and it was aprotective genotype. While the MDR1 1236CT showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in AML patients. Whereas ALL revealed significant differences in high level of MDR1 gene expression with MDR1 1236TT genotype. Both CT and TT were affected genotypes.11 - The results of MDR1 G2677T genotype and allele frequency indicated that 2677GA genotype significantly appeared with low frequency in healthy control with no significant difference in allele frequency. Both ALL and AML showed high significant frequency in 2677GT genotype. G allele frequency was showed significant differences in AML while non - significant in with ALL.12 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed the MDR1 2677GT genotype was associated with risk factor to developing ALL and AML. Whereas the GG appeared associated with AML only.13 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that MDR1 2677GA genotype was significantly high expression in healthy individual. While AML patients showed significant differences with high level of MDR1gene expression in 2677GT genotype. ALL showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in MDR1 2677TT genotype.14 - The results of MDR1 C3435T genotype and allele frequency showed significant difference in genotype and allele frequency with heterozygous CT in both control and AML patients and mutant T allele. Whereas non - significant genotype and allele frequency with ALL.15 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed that the MDR1 3435CC genotype carriers associated with risk to developing ALL. While no risk factor associate with MDR1 C3435T variants to develop AML.16 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that the wild type 3435CC genotype was significantly high expression in healthy control. The MDR1 3453CT genotype showed high significance with high level of MDR1 gene expression inAML. While ALL showed significantly high level of MDR1 gene expression in 3435TT genotype.17 - The results of MDR1 genotype - phenotype association showed similar impact of MDR1C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotypes in AML clinical outcomes. The MDR1 CT/GT/TT genotypes were associated in NR AML with high level of expression at presentation, compared to significant low level in CC/GG genotype. In contrast, CR patients were observed non - significant with MDR1 gene expression at presentation and significant with low MDR1CC/GG genotypes in post treatment. In regards to ALL patients the MDR1 TT genotype showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in NR and CR ALL at presentation and significant only with NR at post treatment. So there was no clear evidence between MDR1 genotypes and clinical outcome with ALL.18 - The haplotype results showed that the three MDR1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotype were linkage disequilibrium significantly with heterozygous haplotype B (CT - GT - CT) compared to A(CGC) and C(TTT). Also B haplotype appeared significantly with high level of MDR1 gene expression compared to A and C. According to the clinical outcome, haplotype B was observed significant differences in NR AML patients while other haplotypes were non - significant

تقييم بعض جينات المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية في عزلات الكلبسيلا == Evaluation of Some Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Klebsiella Isolates

اسم المؤلف: زاهد سعدون عزيز
اسم المشرف: عباس شاكر جواد المحنة | سلمان عزيز عدوس
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم انتشار جينات البيتا لاكتاميز ? - lactamases ومنها جينات البيتا لاكتاميز الواسعة الطيف lactamases - Extended Spectrum ? وجينات اخرى مثل جينات المقاومة للكوينولونات Quinolones المرتبطة بالبلازميدات plasmid mediated quinolones | The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of plasmid mediated ? - lactamases including Extended Spectrum ? - lactamases and non - lactamases and study the horizontal gene transfer. A total of 800 of urine samples were taken from patient suffering from urinary tract infections had been collected during a period from February, to September of 2012, from the hospitals of AL - Najaf province. All the samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. From those 300 samples gave positive bacterial growth , 250 were lactose fermentative isolates, which were submitted to conventional tests including IMVIC and motility tests ultimately lactose fermentative, non motile isolates were candidate to Vitek 2 system to confirm the identification. the results revealed that there were 42 (16.8%) of isolates identified as Klebsiellae represented by Klebsiella pnumoniae ssp pneumoniae, 9(3.6%) of isolates diagnosed as Raoultella ornithinolytica, and 1(0.4%) for both K. pnumoniae ssp.ozeanae and Raoultella planticola. Screening tests were performed , disk diffusion test revealed different pattern of resistance, screening of ESBLS by MacConkey agar medium supplemented with 2 mg /l of Ceftazidime showed that 31 (58.5%) of isolates were initially ESBLS producers.Phenotypes confirmatory tests were conducted to different classes of antimicrobial agents, Disk synergism test revealed that 20(37.74%) of isolates were ESBLS positive, while Disk combination test by Ceftazidime + clav and Cefepime + clav revealed that 28(52.83%) and 43(81.13%) were ESBLS producers respectively, disk replacement test pointed that positive isolates were 26(49%), vitek2 system revealed 33(62%) of isolates were ESBLS producers.Imipenem - Ceftazidime antagonism test revealed that there was no isolate produce induced AmpC beta - lactamase, AmpC disc test revealed that no one of isolates were AmpC producer.The result of MHT(Modified Hodge test) revealed that all isolates were not Carbapenemases producers. Molecular study of different antimicrobial resistance genes were performed, the results reveald high percent of occurence as follow : blaTEM genes (90.6%), blaSHV gene(81.13%), blaCTX - M genes (88.6%), sul genes (88.6%), aac(6')Ib - cr genes (84.9%) and qnr - B genes (41.5%).the study also highlighted an association between studied genes. Finally many attempts to study of gene transfer by conjugation were conducted but all of them were failed, except one isolate (No. 5) was succeeded with frequency of conjugation (0.5×10 - 7). This study concluded that there were high prevalence of some plasmid mediated genes of isolates with clear multi gene resistance patterns as compared with some other genes which propose the high selective pressure of these genes and isolates might acquired resistance by mobile elements such as plasmids and integrons.

استعمال بعض انواع الطحالب والنباتات المائية في المعالجة الحيوية لمياه محطات المعالجة في مدينة الديوانية - العراق == Using of Some Dominant Algae And Aquatic Plants In Bioremediation of Waste Water From Wastewater Plants In Al - Dewaniya City, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: رائد كاظم عبد الاسدي
اسم المشرف: فؤاد منحر علكم | حسين يوسف الركابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة المائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على نوعين من المياه العادمة الصناعية المطروحة من مصنع نسيج الديوانية والمياه العادمة البلدية من محطة معالجة الديوانية، وللمدة من ربيع 2011 الى ربيع 2012 وهدفت الى اجراء مراقبة فصلية لنوعية المياه الداخلة لمحطتي المعالجة والخارجة منها | The current study has been conducted on two types of waste water, industrial wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah textile factory station1, station 2 and municipal wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah wastewater treatment plant station 3, station 4 in the City of Al - Dewaniyah - Iraq., for the period from Spring2011 to Spring 2012 and targeted monitoring quarterly the quality of water entering and leaving the stations.The study also includes the evaluation of the efficiency of some algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality via bioremediation of some pollutants in the water. The evaluation of water quality includes18 parameters as confirmed on spatial and temporal changes of these parameters, as well as the algal contents of these four stations(S1, S2, S3and S4). The results of physical and chemical analysis show the following ranges of : temperature (12.5 - 41.5°C), total dissolved solids TDS(692 - 1384.6 mg/l), total suspended solids TSS(58 - 277.4 mg/l), electrical conductivity EC(1225 - 2045µS/cm2), pH(7.0 - 7.8), dissolved oxygen DO(0.7 - 8.51mg/l), biological oxygen demand BOD(48.82 - 205 mg/l), total alkalinity (170.7 - 428 mg/l), total hardness TH (412 - 1623.3 mg/l), calcium (89.7 - 204.14 mg/l), magnesium (37.7 - 332.5 mg/l), nitrite (0.43 - 12.25 mg/l), nitrate(6.18 - 63.75 mg/l), phosphate (0.813 - 20.24 mg/l), lead (0.0983 - 1.076 mg/l), chromium (0.007 - 0.045mg/l), cadmium (0.0374 - 0.326 mg/l) and the total algal number(17.00 - 14202 individual/l).The spatial and temporal variations show significant differences at(P?0.05) among studied factors in the different stations.The qualitative study of algae reports that the dominance is to the blue green algae(Cyanophyta)by 46%, then is followed by diatoms(Bacillariophyta) by 26% down with Dinophyta3%, according to Shannon - Wiener index of diversity (H), the fall and winter classified as severely polluted all around the stations 0.377 and 0.669, respectively, while summer and spring are moderate pollution of a category (II) and the values of (H) is1.374 and 1.395 respectively, in situ has been observed that the stations are classified as highly polluted and have been ranked within the category(I) and the stations arranged according to the pollution as S3 <S4< S2< S1.According to Species richness index the first station S1 is the best, follows by S4, S3 while S2 comes the last in order, but in the terms of total abundance has topped the third station S3 among the others, then followed by S4, S2 and finally S1. on the other hand the current study includs laboratory investigation to demonstrate the efficiency of algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality as it has been experimenting with immobilization of algae technique, a new method has been used for the first time at the local level in the current study. The results show that the immobilized algae Stigonema sp.and Cladophora glomerata have lowered the pH of the treated wastewater which began relatively high, as well as increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations at the end of the experiment all transactions free and immobilized treatments , on the other side TSS has been reduced about 61.8% when treated with immobilized algae C.glomerata, nitrite has also been reduced at about 96.7% and 85.5% by Stigonema sp.and C.glomerata respectively, nitrate also has been reduced by 99.9% and 95.2% when treated with Scendesmus dimorphus and C.glomerata respectively, while the removal of phosphate reaches its peak when it has been treated with free Stigonema sp. and immobilized S.dimorphus by 99.92% and 98.35% respectively.The tested algae shows a great ability to reduce heavy metals, when immobilized alga Oscillatoria sp. removes about 94.27% of Lead, while free Stigonema sp. and C.glomerata are the best in Chromium removal about 92.42% and 92.35% respectively, and the C.glomerata is the best in Cadmium processing, a reduced rate of 99.21% followed by immobilized S.dimorphus of 97.13%. The current study also involves a laboratory experiment to evaluate the potential of two aquatic plants duckweed (Lemna minor L.)and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Mart.(Solms.) in improving the quality of wastewater the tested plants have been worked at increasing the aeration of treated water by raising dissolved oxygen concentration about 85.26% and 84.4% for duckweed and water hyacinth, on the other hand the relative efficiency to reduce the pollutants by aquatic plants as follows : EC, NO2, NO3(31.66% and 28.45%, 55.7% and 50.01%, 55.7% and 13.3%)for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, from another side water hyacinth is the most efficient in phosphate reducing at rate of 90.5% comparing with duckweed 49.78%.On the of heavy metals treatment the tested plants show a remarkable removal of lead 88.23% and 80.4% , chromium 97.84% and 95.18% for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, with respect to cadmium, water hyacinth shows high efficiency in the removal of this metal by 98.14%, while duckweed is the least in the treatment of Cd by 81.8%. From the above results, the current study demonstrates that there are a spatial and temporal variations regarding the factors examined in the stations of wastewater treatment units and confirms that the efficiency of studied wastewater treatment stations is below the required level, which contributes in increasing the pollution of Al - Dewaniyah River, which is the unique source to supply the city with freshwater for all purposes, that receives large loads of pollutants.The study also confirms that the evaluation of the presence of algae in the studied stations.Thus the knowledge of algal composition could give an early warning and accurate assessment about the quality of sewage before dumping into river. In addition to the forgoing, it is concluded that the biological treatment (bioremediation) of wastewater using free and immobilized algae and aquatic plants have improved dramatically and tangibly the benefits of the quality of that water being a promising approach of the wastewater treatment as well as being low cost economically.

حركية بعض العناصر النزرة في النظام البيئي لنهر الديوانية == Kinetic of Some Trace Elements In The Ecosystem of Al - Diwaniya River

اسم المؤلف: حيدر مشكور حسين
اسم المشرف: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was conducted to understand the Relationship among concentration of selected of trace elements(Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in some trophic levels, water, and sediments, in Al - Diwaniya River. Samples were collected monthly for water, sediments, plant Phragmites australis (Cav.), phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish. from May (summer) 2013 up to April(spring) 2014 from three sites in Al - Diwaniya river. The current study included determine some physical and chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Salinity, Light Penetration, Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen, the Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Carbon of sediment, determined of the soil texture; and some trace elements in abiotic component such as water (dissolved and particulate), and in sediment, and so in biotic component included plant P. australis, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish females (Cyprinus carpio) and (Tilapia zilli). The results showed that the air and water temperature ranged between (16.4039.55) ?C; (11.42 - 30.57) ?C respectively. The study also demonstrated that the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged between (7.34 - 8.10), the electrical conductivity ranged between (7021 7021 - 7947 7947) µs/cm. while the TDS, ranged between (09.502 09.502 - 729950. 729950.) mg/l, according to the values of salinity ranged between (0.773 - 0.954)‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, while the values of Light Penetration ranged between (28.81 - 120.61)cm, and the turbidity ranged between (43.26 - 55.78) NTU, also showed dissolved oxygen as its value ranged between (45729 45729 - 7.979) mg/l, while the biological oxygen demand showed value ranged between (1.123 - 2.627) mg/l, The values of total organic carbon in sediments ranged between (0.440 - 1.045)%, While the sediment texture was sandy - silt in the first site, and sandy - clay in the both two and three sites of Al - Diwaniya river. Results of Concentration of trace elements (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in dissolved part ranged between (252222. 252222. - 2522724 2522724), ( 252270 252270 - 252200 252200), ( 25227. 25227. - 252290 252290), (252224. 252224. - 2522022 2522022 ) , ( 25279. 25279. - 252010 252010 ) mg/l., whereas in particulate part ranged for between (0.29 - 1.49), (3.46 - 13.04), (12.51 - 20.99), (1.08 - 4.67 ((, (65.54 - 127.51 ) µg/g dry weight. and in sediments ranged between (0.53 - 1.96), (23.93 - 49.65), (136.85 - 166.09), (4.14 - 5.92), (126.69 - 176.64) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in abiotic components was as follow : sediments> particulate part> dissolved part. in producers of Al - Diwaniya river ranged in plant P. australis from (0.07 - 0.20), (5.93 - 16.21), (8.67 - 46.87 ) , (0.89 - 2.93), (26.60 - 103.78) µg/g dry weight respectively. in phytoplankton from (0.40 - 1.77), (8.89 - 25.2), (28.0666.49), (1.47 - 3.59 ) , (103.39 - 159.70) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in producers was as follow phytoplankton> plant P. australis. While the concentrations of trace elements in consumers in (zooplankton) of Al - Diwaniya river ranged from(0.56 - 4.41), (21.89 - 56.08), (51.64 - 152.79), (2.806.06), (137.14 - 183.61) µg/g dry weight respectively. While in two species of fish according to organs in gills of Cyprinus carpio ranged from(0.63 - 2.07) ) ) 3.19 3.90), ) ) 4.04 - 8.96) , (1.95 - 3.76), (182.14 253.89) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.41 - 1.78), (6.20 - 32.47 ) , (5.97 - 10.39), (2.06 - 5.37), (136.15 184.75) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles from (0.49 - 3.43و) , (و 2.82 10.40), (7.17 - 11.57 ) , (0.61 - 4.60 ) , (110.96 - 160.46) µg/g dry weight respectively. and ranged in gills of Tilapia zilli from(0.44 - 1.15), (1.06 - 6.83), (8.18 - 13.97 ) , (1.46 2.89) , (99.03 155.33) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.571.64 ) , (13.08 - 28.06), ( 8.03 - 18.50), (1.32 - 3.02), (112.68 176.32) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles(0.46 - 1.80), (2.42 2.93), (7.47 - 10.52), ( 0.20 - 3.16 ) , (79.74 - 153.58 ((µg/g dry weight respectively. concentrations of all trace elements in consumers always were higher than with producers and abiotic components In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis., And in the organs of fish was as follow in Cyprinus carpio : gills> liver>muscle, while in Tilapia zilli was follow liver > gills >muscle. While the values of the bioconcentration factor for (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in producers of the study area ranged in plant P. australis. From 747542 747542)) - 7200500 7200500), ( 0.7150. 0.7150. - 729445.4 729445.4), (..1750...1750. - 047..59. 047..59.), ( 004540 004540 411507 411507), ( 44.592 44.592 - 4740509 4740509) respectively.In phytoplankton (7027512 7027512 - 000.2522 000.2522), (.704504.704504 - 79...549 79...549), ( 7111.547 7111.547 - 99420594 99420594), ( 7049542 7049542 - .20454..20454.), ( 0110527 0110527 77944502 77944502) respectively. the values of the bioconcentration factor for elements in consumers of the study area ranged in zooplankton from (712.59. 712.59. - .7444544.7444544), (0071504 0071504 - 42914504 42914504 ) , ( 0.004597 0.004597 - 07.700524 07.700524), ( 0..7527 0..7527 - 7709.544 7709.544), ( 4010577 4010577 70744574 70744574) respectively.in fish organs Cyprinus carpio ranged in gills from(197571 197571 - 97922522 97922522), (839.47 - 2808.33), (1704.16 - 4640.00), (1500.00 - 4076.92), (6876.10 - 13873.77) respectively. in liver ranged from (482.35 - 35600.00), (001.522 001.522 - 10075.00), (2473.81 - 6453.33), (1665.00 - 4646.15), (6373.16 - 12568.02) respectively. and in muscles (.14591.14591 - 40422522 40422522), ( 190572 190572 - 0444544 0444544), ( 7049500 7049500 9002500 9002500 - ) , ( 047520 047520 - 1214540 1214540), ( 4220501 4220501 - 9111502 9111502) respectively. while in Tilapia zilli organs ranged in gills (.71549.71549 - 00222522 00222522), ( 000500 000500 - 01015.2 01015.2) , ( 000254. 000254. 4070500 4070500), ( ((00475.0 00475.0 - 40.504 40.504 , (.40050..40050. - 0901541 0901541 ) respectively. in liver (4125.0 4125.000022522 00022522 ) , (.02.504.02.504 - 00000500 00000500), ( 0017590 0017590 - 77.405.2 77.405.2), ( 09457. 09457. - 9044500 9044500) , (499.5.0 499.5.0 - 0420592 0420592 ) respectively. and in muscles ranged from (.97571.97571 - 00022522 00022522), (771.05 - 0744544 0744544) , ( 7414574 7414574 - 401.522 401.522), ( ( ( 0.44500 0.44500 - 700502 700502, ( 5414.28 - 7354.09) respectively. results showed that the aquatic organisms (Consumers, Producers) have ability to bioconcentration of trace elements. and showed the descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis. The result of this study confirms the biomagnification phenomenon (the increase of trace elements concentration with elevation in trophic levels of the food web) in study of Al - Diwaniya river ecosystem, as it's the case in other region of the world

التنوع الوراثي لبعض الانماط الوراثية للطماطة باستعمال واسمات الـ RAPD وSSR في العراق == Genetic Diversity of Some Tomato Genotypes Using RAPD And SSR Markers In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: اطياف جميل ثامر التميمي
اسم المشرف: علي حمود السعدي | محسن جلاب عباس
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوراثة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: قدر التنوع الوراثي لـ 19 من الانماط الوراثية للطماطة (المحدودة وغير المحدودة النمو) المستزرعة في العراق باستخدام اثنين من واسمات الدنا (DNA Markers) المعتمدة على تفاعلات البلمرة المتسلسلة Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) وهما واسمات التفاعل التضاعفي العشوا | Genetic diversity of 19 tomato genotypes (determinate and indeterminate) cultivated in Iraq using two polymerase chain reaction based DNA markers (PCR based DNA markers); Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs).Variation of some growth criteria and morphological traits for each genotype were recorded in the growing season of 2012 - 2013.High variability was observed in plant height, leaf area, number of inflorescence, number of flowers and fruit weight among genotypes To achieve PCR reactions, total genomic DNA was isolated from fresh leaves (2 weeks old). The average yields of DNA were in the range of 100 - 295 ng/?l with a purity ranging between 1.8 - 1.9.RAPDs amplifications were performed for genotypes fingerprinting by testing 27 Operon primers. DNA polymorphisms among genotypes were scored within detectable amplified fragments (their numbers and molecular weight) after agarose gel electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide. The 27 primers produced 442 of main bands, out of which 312 were polymorphic bands (70.5%) and 70 were monomorphic (15.8%) across all tested genotypes.Each selected primer produced between 60 bands (OPA - 14) to 290 bands (OPD - 13). DNA amplification products ranged in their size from 250 bp (OPA - 01, OPU - 14, OPX - 15, OPX - 19, OPT - 08 ( to 2755 bp (OPX - 18). The highest number of polymorphic bands (21 bands) was produced by primer OPU - 03, while the lowest number of polymorphic bands (3 band) was produced by both primers OPA - 14 and OPB - 17.The primers varied in their capacity in producing polymorphic amplified profiles among tomato genotypes which individually reflected genotype specific DNA profiles (fingerprints). The most important primers for this purpose were primers that produced more variety specific DNA profiles, such as OPD - 13, OPT - 08, OPW - 04, OPA - 04, OPA - 15, OPB - 18, OPU - 03, OPC - 09.The highest value of discrimination among genotypes in this study was obtained by primer OPU - 03, while the lowest discrimination value was produced by both primers OPA - 14 and OPB - 17. The primer efficiency ranged from 0.13 in (primer OPC - 09) to 0.02 in (primer OPB - 17). The lowest genetic distance was 0.2294 between genotypes Oula and Shady lady, while the highest genetic distance was 0.9459 between genotypes Fotton and Special pack. Cluster analysis (Phylogenetic tree) by un weighted pair - group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) based dendrogram revealed that they were two main genetic groups (major clusters).The first small major clusters included four (four genotypes) while the second large major cluster included (15 genotypes). A total of 21 alleles were detected among the tested genotypes using five SSRs loci distributed on four chromosomes of tomato. The molecular size of bands obtained from amplification of SSR products ranged from 121 to 247 bp. Alleles ranged from one in (Tom 8 - 9, Tom 41 - 42 and Tom 67 - 68 loci) to twelve in Tom 49 - 50 locus. The values of heterozygosity for each locus ranged between 0.63 for Tom 31 - 32 and 0.89 for Tom 49 - 50 with a mean value of 0.30. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR loci ranged from 0.45 in Tom 31 - 32 to 0.58 in Tom 49 - 50 loci with an average of 0.21. Each one of (Tom 8 - 9, Tom 41 - 42 and Tom 67 - 68 loci) produce 0.0 value for both heterozygosity and PIC. The study revealed that, The lowest genetic distance was 0.3244 between varieties Tamara and W arda, while, the highest genetic distance was 0.9177between varieties Helam and Super marimond. The genetic similarity values ranging from 0.0823 to 0.6756 depending upon the genetic distance values that ranging from 0.3244 to 0.9177, indicating the largest diversity with percentage of 32 to 91% among the tested genotypes. The analysis of the results obtained from genetic distances and Neighbor - joining dendrogram (unrooted tree) revealed that, the 19 tested tomato genotypes can be grouped into two major groups : first cluster included nine varieties distributed in two subgroups. The second major cluster included 10 genotypes which in turn divided into two subgroups.The relationship among genotypes was not concern to their morphological characters and geographical origins. The overall analysis of the results show that both SSRs and RAPDs markers are powerful tools in fingerprinting and revealing the genetic relationships among tomato genotypes.

تقيم بعض العناصر النادره ومستوى المالونداي الدهايد والبروتين في الرجال العقيمين == Assessment of Some Trace Elements, (MDA) And Protein Levels In Infertile Men

اسم المؤلف: زهراء فلاح عبد العالي عنوز
اسم المشرف: علاء الدين صبحي محسن السلامي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم اجراء هذا البحث لدراسه عينات السائل المنوي التي تم الحصول عليها من المرضى المصابين بوهن النطف وعددهم 35عينه كذلك سوي النطف عددهم 40 عينه وتم اخذ مجموعه من الاشخاص الاسوياء (مجموعه السيطره) حيث كان عددهم 20 عينه الذين راجعو مركز الخصوبه في مدينه الصدر ا | This study was performed on human semen specimens obtained from Asthenozoospermic patients (35 specimens) Normozoospermic males (40 specimens), and (20 specimens) Fertile Control group, who were attending to the laboratories of Fertility center in ALSader Hospital of AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf city during the period extended from 1 - 9 - 2013 to 30 - 1 - 2014. The aim of This present study was to estimate the levels of some Trace element (Lead, Copper, Cobalt, Chromium, , and Cademium) concentrations in Asthenozoospermia and Normozoospermia. by atomic absorption method, and comparsion with control (Fertile).Moreover, it tends to estimate the concentration of (MDA) Malondialdehyde , Total protein concentration and to know the viability sperm percent in semen specimens.Also, the relationships between mentioned components and some semen parameters. The results revealed significant increase (P <0.05) in the concentration of examined trace elements in Asthenozoospermia and Normozoospermia when comparsion with control, also a significant increase (P <0.05) in total protein concentration, also in MDA. While The results revealed significant decrease (P <0.05) in the viability sperm percent in semen specimens. Correlation study showed positive relationship between concentration of the trace elements and abnormal sperm morphology percent, also with total protein concentration, and MDA concentration. While negative relationship between concentration of trace elements and percent of sperm motility.It was concluded that the increase in the concentration of the trace elements and it influence on blance and parameter of seminal fluid, also the Correlation between trace element and Protein in semen. All of this lead to arise of cases of Asthenozoospermia and Normozoospermia infertile patients.

العلاقة بين انتاج الانزيم المحلل للكولاجين وتكوين الغشاء الحياتي بوساطة بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosae == The Relationship Between Collagenase Production And Biofilm Formation By Pseudomonas Aeuroginosa

اسم المؤلف: امال عزيز كريم السعدي
اسم المشرف: شذى سلمان الطحان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - البكتريا
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A total of 359 samples divided as 228 clinical and 131 non clinical specimens were collected during 2012 from four hospitals in Baghdad city including : Al - Kadhymia Teaching hospital, Baghdad Teaching hospital, The Burn Specialist Hospital and Al - Imam Ali hospital, for isolation of P.aeruginosa to study the correlation between collagenase production and biofilm formation. Eighty two Pseudomonas isolates were screened for biofilm formation, 28 isolates were classified as strong biofilm formers, 25 as moderate and 27 as weak biofilm former. The 28 isolates were identifid by VITEk - 2 Compact system which confirmed that the isolates were P.aeruginosa. Collagenase production assay was used to screen 28 isolates that were strong biofilm formers inorder to detect the ability of these isolates to produce collagenase, the substrate of collagenase (collagen) was purified localy from bovin tendon and the results showed that just 8 isolates could grow in mineral salt media with collagen after 4 days of incubation. The factors affecting biofilm formation and collagenase production were studied to determine the optimual conditions for their production, those factors included : 1 - Nitrogen sources represented higher influence on collagenase production specialy (yeast extract) in media containing collagen than other media without collagen as a substrate. The specific activity differed between the 8 isolates, biofilm formation also became more pronounced with (yeast extract), while NH4Cl and NaNO3 depressed biofilm formation at the same conditions. The statistical analysis between the two parameters (biofilm and collagenase) according to different nitrogen sources demonstrated highly significance at p?0.01 with yeast extract and casein. 2 - pH, results showed that the best pH for production was 7 for both collagenase and biofilm.The statistical analysis for determination the relationshipe between the two parameters showed highly significance at p ?0.01 for different pH. 3 - The maximum production of the two parameters was at 35?C temperature which gave highly significance at p?0.01 with defferent temperature. 4 - Long incubation periods revealed increasing in collagenase production and biofilm formation which represented highly significance detween them when incubation periods were prolonged at p?0.01. Results of this study showed that collagenase production increases when bacteria switch from a planktonic to biofilm phenotype. This indicates that biofilms and collagenase are more virulent and have a greater ability to cause tissue destruction. The REP - PCR analysis using BOX - primer, showed a clusters genetic relatedness among the isolates. The isolates were grouped according to the REP - PCR in 9 different genotypes, named cluster 1 to 3 which included C1, C2, C3 with relatedness : 8 (80%), 8 (86%), 3 (80%) respectively. A19 and A20 both of them were not included in any cluster, they have 78% similarity.The REP - PCR analysis showed that the genotypic relatedness is consistently high between the 8 producer isolates and non producer isolates (13), showed similarity reached 86

دراسة تشريحية مقارنة للاجزاء الخضرية وبعض الاجزاء التكاثرية لمراتب من العائلة القرعية Cucurbitaceae في العراق == Comparative Anatomical Study of Vegetative And Some Reproductive Parts For Taxa of The Family Cucurbitaceae In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: باسمة محمد رضا كاظم العبيدي
اسم المشرف: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - التشريح
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة الحالية دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لتسعة مراتب من العائلة القرعية Cucurbitaceae المستزرعة والبرية والتي زرعت في الحديقة النباتية لكلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة ابن الهيثم والمراتب هي : 1 - Citrullus colocynthis Schrad2 - Citrullus vulgaris Schrad3 | The present study included comparative anatomical study for nine taxa of Cucurbitaceae family for cultivated and wild types, which were planted in the garden of College of Education for Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al - Haitham. These taxa included : Citrullus colocynthis Schrad, Citrullus vulgaris Schrad, Cucumis melo Linnaeus, Cucumis melo var.flexuosus Naudin, Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl, Luffa cylindrica (Linnaeus) M. Roem. This study focused on some the anatomical characterization as compared study for the first time to these taxa in Iraq. This study included the features of ordinary epidermal cells, leaves petioles, stems, pedicles and sepals of the studied taxa. The results found the appearance of stomata in the stems and petioles in straight line as adjacent planar shape to the epidermal cells and not scattered as found in the leaves, this result was seen for the first time in the current taxa. Furthermore, the stomata have been shown in pedicel and sepals in same type as the stomatal complexes in leaves. The importance of phenotypic variation for the length and types of eglandular trichomes and the presence or not of glandular trichomes were found to carry out the role of indumentum in the different isolated taxa. Additionally, this study included the examination of the cross sections of the roots and also exposed the constituent tissues of it, the variation in the thickness of epidermis, cortex, vascular cambium as well as the arrangement of phloem cells have an important role in the studied taxa. The cross sections of stems, leaves petioles and pedicles showed shape and studied a significant role in the studied taxa and split them into groups.Moreover, this study concluded that the following of above sections from the outside into the inside has an important role to find out their constituent tissue. Thus the results of the study clarified the importance of epidermis tissue through the explanation of the outer and inner tangential walls of their cells and the variation in their dimensions, thickness and kind of stomatal complexes; therefore it has been given the importance of those features in the studied taxa in this study. Cortex tissue showed an extension of angular collenchyma and chloronechyma from stem to pedicel and have shown variation in the thickness in these two layers which was useful in the classification of studied taxa. Vascular tissues differed in the shape of vascular bundle, the number of rows and xylem units and the arrangement of the internal phloem, and all of those characteristics have helped in the studied taxa. In addition, the vascular tissues helped to find their arranged in the stems and found as vascular cylinder shape, while in the petioles and pedicel shown as vascular ribbons were which took the shape of sections petioles and pedicel. The medullar cells and medullary rays have been studied and also their similarity in the morphological characterization and function. Moreover, the anatomical features of the vertical sections of the laminae of leaves in mesophyll tissue have been examined, in the thickness of palaside and spongy layers in midrib, the variation in number and arrangement of vascular bundles have an important role in the studied taxa. In the current study, the ordinary and petal leaves venation and the type of venation have been studied in the studied taxa. Moreover the vertical sections for sepals were examined and also their similarity with laminae of leaves which was useful for studying the constituent tissues of some parts such as pedicel and sepals and anatomical features; and all of the studied characterization helped to study the vegetative parts through following them in studied taxa.

مقارنة نسب الحمل للنساء اللواتي يعانين من توقف الطمث لاسباب ثانويه بعد استعمال ادوية المنشطه للحويصلات المبيضيه باستخدام التمنيه داخل الرحم والطريقه الطبيعيه للحمل == Comparison of Pregnancy Rate Between Intrauterine Insemination And Spontaneous Pregnancy After Ovulation Induction In Women With Secondary Amenorrhea

اسم المؤلف: سوسن كاظم عبد الامير
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - المعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: انقطاع الطمث لاسباب ثانوية هو انعدام الدوره الشهريه لمدة ثلاثة الى ستة اشهر للنساء اللواتي لهن دوره شهريه منتظمة.واستنادا لمنظمة الصحة العالمية ان انقطاع الطمث يتضمن مجموعة (WHOI) و(WHOII) والتي تكون (30%) من حالات العقم.وتعاني اكثر النساء ممن يكونون من م | Secondary amenorrhea refers to the lack of cycle for three months in a row or for more than six months in a woman who has had regular menstrual periods before, and its associated with conditions classified as World Health Organization (WHO) group 1 and WHO group 2 and has been estimated to represent almost (30%) of all causes of infertility. In clinical practice, WHO group 2 subjects present much more frequently than WHO group 1 subjects and they appear to be much harder to treat successfully. Among women classified as WHO group 2, those diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitute the largest group (60 - 85% of cases). These women account for most cases with oligomenorrhea (90%) and represent about (30%) of those with amenorrhea.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to find out the pregnancy rate following intrauterine insemination (IUI) in women complaining of secondary amenorrhea after induction of ovulation and compare it with those achieve pregnancy by natural way.Material and MethodsSeventy five females with secondary amenorrhea were involved in this study, there ages were ranged between (?30, 30 - 39, ?40) years old with infertility duration ranged between (?2, 3 - 4, 5 - 6, 7 - 8, ?9) years. History and medical examination were done for all women, with tubal patency assessment by HSG or laparoscopy.By cycle day two, hormonal assay (S.FSH, S.LH, S.E2, S.Prolactin and S.Testosterone) were done for all females in addition to ultrasonography to exclude any ovarian pathology.Ovulation induction program was applied for all females which include either clomiphene citrate (CC) alone, recombinant Follicular Stimulating Hormone (r - FSH) alone or combined CC and r - FSH. Vaginal ultrasonography was done for all females on day 12 or13 to assess ovarian response (size and number of mature follicles) and endometrial thickness. Meantime all male partners undergo seminal analysis to assess sperm parameters (sperm concentration, sperm motility and morphology).Thirty eight of females participated for natural pregnancy and thirty seven of females participate for IUI. Washing swim up technique was used for sperm activation for all male partner involved in IUI group.Follow up of all these females for pregnancy test to assess the pregnancy rate for both groups (natural and IUI).ResultsThe pregnancy rate achieved by natural way for a women with secondary amenorrhea is (23.7%), and (18.92%) by IUI way.In this study, it was found that female age, infertility duration, hormonal balance and ovulation induction program affect the pregnancy outcome where the young age group and short infertility duration correlate positively with pregnancy rate. Furthermore, early diagnosis of underlying causes of secondary amenorrhea to achieve hormonal balance by suitable ovulation induction program, have an effect on pregnancy rate, were combined CC and r - FSH produce a significant result among females achieve pregnancy by natural way (13.5%) compared with other ways. While ovulation induction by r - FSH drugs produce a significant results (13.5%) among females achieve pregnancy by IUI way.ConclusionFrom results of this study, it was concluded that young female age, short infertility duration, early diagnosis of underlying causes of secondary amenorrhea and the use of r - FSH drugs for ovulation induction produce a high significant pregnancy rate using IUI program.

انتاج انزيم السيليلز من عزلة محلية لبكتريا B167 Streptomyces sp. واستخدامه في انتاج الوقود الحيوي == Cellulase Production From Local Isolate of Streptomyces Sp.B167 And Its Application In Biofuel Production

اسم المؤلف: بنان محمود سليمان
اسم المشرف: ناظم حسن حيدر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى انتاج انزيم السليليز من بكتريا الستربتومايسس ودراسة تاثير بعض الظروف الزرعية على انتاج الانزيم; انتاج الوقود الحيوي من المخلفات السليلوزية من خلال التحلل المائي للمخلفات بالاحماض والانزيمات المايكروبية. تم غربلة 74 عزلة لبكتريا St | The current study was aimed to produce biofuel from cellulosic waste material degraded by local isolate Streptomyces. Seventy four isolates of Streptomyces were screened for cellulase production in solid and liquid media. The results showed higher capability of isolate Streptomyces sp. B 167 for cellulase production and bioconversion of cellulose. Therefore, it was selected for further studies. The results of optimization revealed that the cellulase enzyme productivity by the isolate Streptomyces sp. B 167 reached to 2.1 and 2.28 U/ml after 48 h of incubation time and pH 7 respectively. Cellulase productions in tested isolate improved (2.57 U/ml) by supplementation of cellulose liquid medium with 1 % of yeast extract as nitrogen source. Additives of carbon sources like (manitol, glucose, maltose, sucrose and starch) to the process of saccharification did not improve the cellulase productivity. The bioconversion of cellulosic waste to reducing sugar was maximum with Banana peels (77.78 %) followed by the rice husk (75.56 %), orange peels (71.11 %), corn steep peels (60.0 %) and lowest bioconversions (53.33 %) were recorded with sawdust. The degradation of cellulosic waste increased with increasing substrate concentration. Maximum cellulase productivity (3.18 U/ml) and bioconversion (86.1 %) was obtained at 3 % (w/v) of cellulosic waste (Banana peels). Saccharification of cellulosic waste with different treatment methods was studied. The pretreatment of cellulosic waste with 1 % HCl and H2SO4 produces 21 and 15.8 g of reducing sugar / 100 g of cellulosic waste. In comparison, hydrolysis with Streptomyces sp. B 167 enzymes resulted a significantly higher amount of reducing sugar yield (25 g / 100 g cellulosic waste). Further fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysates was performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae using stationary fermentation condition. Maximum yield of ethanol were (0.30, 0.19 and 0.10 g ethanol / g glucose) observed with Streptomyces sp. B 167 enzymes, HCl and H2SO4 hydrolysates respectively after 48 h of fermentation

تقييم بعض المؤشرات المـناعية للتفاعلات الالتهابيـة المتـرافقـة مـع الاصابة بطفيلي الاكياس المائية == Evaluation of Some Immunological Parameters Associated With Echinococcus Grunulosus Infection

اسم المؤلف: حارث برع حسن علي الاوسي
اسم المشرف: نغم ياسين كاظم البياتي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة ديالى وشملت الدراسة 184 عينة من الاشخاص الاكثر تعرضا للاصابة بمرض الاكياس المائية. وبعد الكشف تبين ان 16 منهم تاكدت اصابتهم بالاكياس المائية في كل من الكبد والرئتين (12, 4 مريضا على التوالي) وقد تم تسجيل بعض المعلومات من كل | The present study was carried out in Diyala province, and included 184 samples at risk of infection with hydatid cysts. The diagnosis obtained that there were 16 infectied individual with hydatid cysts in liver and lung (12, 4 patients, respectively). Some information were recorded for each individuals. The study included 24 healthy individuals as control. Immunological test was carried out for each group. The results obtained that the rate of infection was higher in female (4.9%) compared with male (3.8%). The highest rate of infection was in 31 - 40 and 41 - 50 age groups and there was no significant difference among age groups. According to occupation there was no significant difference and the student shepherds were not infected with hydatid cyst. When investigation of risk factor, the result showed that (3.26%) of infected individuals were contact with animals while those who eat vegetables were higher (5.43%). The liver was the first infected organ according to distribution of infection in body follow by lung with 75% and 25% respectively and there was no significant difference. According to cytokines, IL - 4, IL - 17A, MIP - 1?, IP - 10, the study were higher in infected individuals compared with non infected and there was significant difference at 0.001 p.value. There was no significant difference in means of IL - 4 and MIP - 1? in both sexes but there was significant difference in IL - 17A and IP - 10 between males and females. The study showed that there was significant difference in IL - 4 according to location of infection and it was higher in lung compared with liver. No significant difference in IL - 17A, MIP - 1?, IP - 10 was shown according to location of infection

دراسة تشريحية لسيقان وسويقات واوراق بعض اجناس العائلة الوردية rosaceae في الديوانية == Anatomical Study of The Stems, Leaves And Petioles For Some Species of Family Rosaceae

اسم المؤلف: حسنى مهدي رياح الفتلي
اسم المشرف: ازهار عبد الامير سوسة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شمل البحث الحالي دراسة بعض الانواع العائدة للعائلة الوردية Rosaceae في محافظة الديوانية من الناحية التشريحية, اذ تم دراسة المقاطع المستعرضة للسيقان والسويقات والاوراق لثلاثــــــــــــة انــــواع وهـي المشمـــــش Prunus armenicana L. والكمثـــــــــري.Pyr | Current research involved the study of some species belonging to the family rosary rosaceae in Diwaniyah province of anatomical terms, as has been the study of cross sections of the stems, leaves and petioles for three species apricot Prunus. armenicana L. And pear Pyrus communis L. And apple Malus domestica Borkh. The study has been the separation of these species into groups depending on differences and similarities of the attributes of the obvious anatomical changes were discussed among these species, It turns out that many of these qualities, Especially the form of stem and cutworms as well as the presence or loss of tissue such as textiles Parencyma green Chlorenchyma in the stem as possible discrimination species P.armenicana for the other two species of loss of such a fabric, And also the possible discrimination of this species through the general shape of the clips transverse Soik as it's looks like a horse shoe, While the other two it's like a triangle. As for the indumentum and taxonomic diversity epithet to isolate and diagnose these species from each other, Such as Glandular hairs and the loss of these filaments in the other two species.The study concluded that the possibility of the use of the anatomical characteristics of transverse sections of the Stem, Petioles and Leaves in the diagnosis of the species under study

تقييم التعبير الجيني للجين UGT1A1 لدى حديثي الولادة المصابين باليرقان == Assessment of UGT1A1 Gene Expression In Hyperbilirubinemic Neonates

اسم المؤلف: حسين حميد حسن
اسم المشرف: ظافرة جعفر عبد علي الفتلاوي | صباح نعمة محمد الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الوراثة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: استخدمت في هذه الدراسة 125 عينة من حديثي الولادة لتقييم التعبير الجيني لل UGT1A1 والكشف عن المتغاير UGT1A1*28. استخدمت 85 عينة منها في تقييم التعبير الجيني لل UGT1A1, بينما استخدمت ال 40 عينة المتبقية للكشف عن المتغاير UGT1A1*28. اجريت الدراسة الحالية في | A cohort of 125 neonates enrolled in the present study 85 of which subjected to the UGT1A1 expression analysis and forty (40) independent subjects examined for UGT1A1*28 variant. The project was performed in the laboratory of molecular genetics in the collage of education for women, TSB, UCB, BG and ELISA were performed in ATHOP, Assader teaching hospital and Annajaf private laboratory in the period from may to October 2013. Analysis of the UGT1A1 gene expression showed considerable decrease in UGT1A1 expression with relative risk 1.46. Analysis of regression of UGT1A1 mean against severity showed significant inverse correlation between severity of NH and mean UGT1A1 level (r = - 0.99, p = 0.03). Results showed that UGT1A1 expression in males significantly lower than females. Analysis of UGT1A1*28 showed that 80% of the hyperbilirubinemic neonates were positive while 20% were UGT1A1*28 negative. Concluding that there are a considerable proportion of neonates in our community not expressing UGT1A1 enzyme; therefore, they are a risk group for kernicterus. And must be registered and followed up because they are at risk of carcinogenicity, therefore, irinotecan (an anti cancer drug) and similar compounds toxicity. Expression of UGT1A1gene is higher in female than in male neonates, while neonatal jaundice is less severe in female than in male neonates. Eighty percent of jaundiced neonates are UGT1A1*28 mutants. Defective UGT1A1 is the main underlying cause of NJ in our community.

التحري عن عدد من المعادن الثقيلة والتلوث البكتيري في بعض الخضروات المعلبة والطازجة المستوردة في مدينة بغداد == Determination of Several Heavy Metals And Bacterial Contamination In Some Imported Canned And Fresh Vegetables In Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: حسين خالد نعمان
اسم المشرف: ايثار كامل الميالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم اخذ ستة وثلاثين عينة من الخضروات المعلبة وخمس عينات من الخضروات الطازجة, وتجميعها من مناطق واسواق مختلفة من مدينة بغداد بشكل عشوائي خلال الفترة من شهر تشرين الاول 2013 الى شهر نيسان, 2014 حيث تضمنت الدراسة التحري عن تراكير بعض العناصر الثقيلة وهي (الرص | In this study, thirty six samples of canned vegetables and five samples of fresh vegetables were collected randomly from different markets of Baghdad city from October 2013 till April 2014. The study included determining of the concentration of some heavy metals (lead, nickel, zinc and iron) by atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the bacterial contamination in samples, also comparing the canned vegetables with fresh vegetables. It was found that the higher concentrations of heavy metals in canned vegetables as the following : lead 1.179 µg/g in olive, nickel 0.908 µg/g in olive, zinc 10.143 µg/g green pea and iron 90.601µg/g in white asparagus. The lowest concentrations were as the following : lead 0.002 µg/g in green asparagus, nickel 0.019 µg/g in mushroom, zinc 0.528 µg/g in white asparagus and iron 4.061 µg/g in green pea. In fresh vegetables, it was found that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were as follows : lead 0.919 µg/g in green pea, nickel 1.108 µg/g in green pea, zinc 4.304 µg/g in mushroom and iron 43.618 µg/g in tomato. The lowest concentrations were as the following : lead recorded 0.011 µg/g in tomato, nickel recorded 0.022 µg/g in tomato, zinc 0.876 µg/g in green pea and iron recorded 11.081 µg/g in green pea. The identification of the bacteria done by some identification tests for gram negative bacteria, the testes include growth on MacConkey agar, growth on EMB agar, IMViC testes and motility test. The identification tests for Gram positive bacteria included growth on manitol salt agar, growth on staph 110 agar and motility test. The bacterial tests ensured that there is no bacterial growth was detected in the canned vegetables, except some samples (white asparagus, green asparagus and mushroom) of December 2013, while it was detected in fresh vegetables. The bacterial species that isolated in these samples were E.coli, Klebsiela pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.

التغيرات النسيجية في المشايم والاجنة نتيجة الاصابة بداء المقوسات في النساء المفحوصات بقياس الIgG == Placental And Fetal Tissue Structural Changes Resulting From Congenital Toxoplasmosis In Women Diagnosed By IgG

اسم المؤلف: حلا ياسين كاظم
اسم المشرف: طالب جواد كاظم | نغم ياسين البياتي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: طفيلي المقوس الكونديToxoplasma gondii هو طفيلي ابتدائي اجباري داخل الخلايا ذات النواة. له القابلية على اصابة جميع حيوانات الدم الحار ويعد هذا طفيلي ذو اهمية صحية نظرا لما له من تاثيرات مرضية. لقد اجريت عدة دراسات بينت التغيرات النسيجية التي اثرت على انسجة | Toxoplasma gondii is an a zoonotic, obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that has the capacity to infect all warm - blooded animals. Many studies done to present the histological changes of the placental and fetal tissue and organs that resulted by Toxoplasmosis infection of pregnant women and about identification of infected fetal organs, but a lot of these studies were done experimentally on laboratory animals, accordingly the present study aims to study the structural changes of the placenta and fetal tissue and to identify the fetal organs in which the organism localized that taken from aborted fetus and embryos from pregnant woman that diagnosed as infected with Toxoplasma gondii. The present study was carried out during the period December 2012 to March 2013. Eighty women who had abortion chosen randomly from that which were revised gynecology theater in hospitals in Baquba city. Their age were ranged between 16 - 45 years, (10) fetuses and (33) samples of them non - infected as control group (c) and (37) samples were infected with Toxoplasmosis (I). The study included serological examination for mothers and Macropathlogical (Gross) , histopatholgical examination and Immunohistochimcal (IHC) stain of the placenta and fetal organs. Toxoplasmosis diagnosed serologically by ELISA (Enzyme Linked immune Sorrbant Assay) test. Immuno - histological techniques are used to detect the antigen and determination of their morphological localization in fetal and placental tissue. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues (placenta and specimens of organs from aborted fetus) used to determined the antigen (Toxoplasma gondii) to detect the histological changes in these tissues. The ordinary histopathlogical changes of the tissue taken from aborted fetus showed different infiltration inflammatory cell and necrosis changes in brain, liver, lung, upper and lower limbs, kidney and spleen that may be due to infection of the parasite and not all infected organs localized the parasite (Tachyzoites). The results of the study showed that (46.26%) of the randomly selected mothers among that revised to the delivery theaters and had abortion. The fetal tissue and organs of the age (8 - 24) weeks gave positive (+) result for IHC in fetuses(brain and lung) and tachyzoites was detected in that organs, but fetus tissue of the age (4 - 8) weeks was negative for that test. Macropathlogical study of the placenta showed that the weight of the infected placenta was less than the normal ranges. and calcification was not significant in the infected placenta(45.7%) compared with non infected samples (4.28%). Infarction observed high significant in infected group was 25 (35.71%) compared with control group (2.85%) (p=0.001).Necrotic foci also seen as (40%) in infected group compared with control group (14.28%), differences between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). Also congestion observed high significant (p=0.001) and the congestion was seen in (45.71) in infected group and (5.71%) in control group. Histopathlogical examination for placenta showed hemorrhage, necrosis, fibroniod necrosis and degeneration in trophoblastic cell, in both first and second trimester of pregnancy. Villous vascularity observed decreased as (32.85%) in infected group compared with control group (2.85%). Fibronoid necrosis in villi showed high percentage in villi which have > 3 that observed in infected group as (72.9%) compared with control (12.12%). An increased in villous stromal fibrosis was seen in (70.27%) placenta in infected group compared with control group which was (24.24%)

دراسة شكليائية ونسجية للقناة الهضمية في سمكة الخشني Liza abu Heckel.1843 == Morphological And Histological Study of The Digestive Tract In Liza Abu (Heckel, 1843)

اسم المؤلف: حنان رعد ضياء حسين
اسم المشرف: وجدان بشير عبد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The morphological and histological structure of digestive tract in one species of Iraqi fish that resides in Iraqi inland fresh water (Liza abu) was studied. In this study used (43) fish were in different lengths, the gut of these fish have removed to study the relationship between the length of gastrointestinal tract and the standard body length as well as for morphological and histological study. The value of relative digestive tract length (RGL) was 2.9. Intestine was the longest part of the digestive tract, the average length of intestine was (32 cm). The shape of the folds of the mucous membrane lining the walls of digestive tract showed some differences in different parts of digestive tract, in esophagus the folds were longitudinal running along the wall and it was straight, unbranched and the mean of their number was (9 - 8) folds. In the stomach the folds were longitudinal and (7 - 6) in their number, they were branched into fingerlings structures. In pyloric caeca, anterior and posterior part of intestine and rectum the folds were fingerlings in shape, unbranched and their number were (20 - 19), (27 - 26), (25 - 23), (19 - 18) respectively. Histological study was shown that the wall of the digestive tract is consist of four major coats, from the inside to the outside they were as follows : Tunica Mucosa which characterized by its clear three parts, epithelial tissue, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa. Epithelial tissue in esophagus was thick stratified squamous epithelium, in stomach was thin simple columnar epithelium and gradually increase in length in each of pyloric caeca, intestine and rectum and it was simple columnar epithelial tissue. Mucous which is secreted in esophagus is made of a large proportion of neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharide, while the mucous secreted in the cardiac stomach consist of a large proportion of neutral mucopolysaccharide and less proportion of acidic mucopolysaccharide, either, in the pyloric stomach is consist of very small proportion of both neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharide, in pyloric caeca mucous consist of a small proportion of neutral mucopolysaccharide and less proportion of acidic mucopolysaccharide, and the mucous secreted in an anterior, posterior parts of intestine and rectum consist of small proportion of acidic mucopolysaccharide and large proportion of neutral mucopolysaccharide. Lamina propria consists of connective tissue containing capillaries and lymphoid cells and it represent the basis of the folds, in the cardiac stomach it contains simple tubular glands. Muscularis mucosa characterized by the presence of muscle fibers that are not continuous, the higher thickness of this layer was in pyloric stomach. Tunica Submucosa consists of connective tissue that contains capillaries, the higher thickness of this coat was in the stomach and less thickness of this coat was in the rectum. Tunica Muscularis consists of two layers of smooth muscle fibers, the internal layer has a circular arrangement, the external layer has a longitudinal arrangement in stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine and rectum. either in esophagus tunica muscularis was arranged in inverse manner. The circular and longitudinal muscle fibers in esophagus were skeletal muscle fibers, and they were smooth and non - striated in stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine and rectum. the higher thickness of this coat was in the stomach and less thickness was in the rectum Tunica Serosa is present in all regions of digestive tract.

التمنيع والتحدي لبكتريا Citrobacter freundii فاقدة الجدار المسببة لخمج السبيل البولي == Immunization And Challenge For Walled Citrobacter Freundii And Walled Defective That Causing Urinary Tract Infection

اسم المؤلف: عبد الرسول عويد عداي الشبيب
اسم المشرف: قاسم نجم ثويني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Cryptic bacterial infection has been studied in urinary system to Human, where 50 underwent urine samples from patient mostly based consulting auditors Hilla public Education Hospital for the period from November 2012 until Feb. 2013. Patients ranged in age from 20 - 50 years males and females bacterial infection rate was 70% distributed between the cell wall defective bacteria had 38% and 32% cell - wall bacteria and the results showed 30% as negative cases. Amicroscopic examination of the urine sludge Showed clear sovereignty of non - specialized immune response type of mixed cell 34% followed by mononuclear cell 30%. Samples were cultured on routine media (Blood agar , Macchonky agar) and Modified media (Variant agar, Variant broth). Out put diagnosed by bacterial system diagnostics, phen - otypic, microscopically and biochemistry by using the special test for microorganism diagnosis and using API 20 E and the use VITEK 2 to confirm some samples results. Characterized by colonies of cell wall defective bacteria grow on variant agar it resembles fried egg which could seen after staining Deinse stain. Citrobacter freundii recorded 12%, the highest rate among cellwall defective isolates. Sensitivity test for bacterial isolates were screened from U.T.I both two type (CWB & CWDB) showed the highest rate of sensitive to Impinem 100% represented CWDB, as well as the highest rate of resistance to Ampicillin 100% represented by the same group of isolates. experimental study with urinary tract infection by injecting bacterial stuck of Citrobacter freundii to the three groups of rabbits : first group ( 3 Rabbits ) : immunized with viable surface antigen extracted from CWDB, second group : ( 3 Rabbits ) immunized with heat killed surface antigen extracted from CWB, the third group (4 Rabbits) represented control group it been treated with sterile normal saline. the injection process through urethra, and then underwent a histological study, was histological damage to the members of the animal - derived non - immunized (control group) seemed clear was the appearance of symptoms of the total cellular infiltration and disruption of the mucous layer and epithelial and other symptoms. The immunized animals have shown their ability to defy injury. It is the study of serological reactions to bacterial antigens Citrobacter freundii immunized with vaccines for rabbits given high caliber agglutination with its specialized vaccines and low with adversity and that the absorption and the corresponding and variant antigen does not remove the agglutination effectiveness with immune sera prepared suggesting that the absorption is incomplete and that the difference between the wall and a wall defective in terms of antigenic is quantitative and qualitative.

دراسة بعض متغيرات الخطوط الجلدية للبنان ومجاميع الدم لذكور اطفال التوحد

اسم المؤلف: اسراء جعفر صادق السعدي
اسم المشرف: نصر فرحان عبد الله
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الوراثة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

التاثير التثبيطي لبعض المستخلصات على فعالية انزيم Angiotensin converting enzyme وبعض المؤشرات الحيوية المساهمة في ارتفاع ضغط الدم == Inhibitory Effect of Some Plant Extracts On Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity And Some Biochemical Marker That Associated With Hypertension

اسم المؤلف: رؤى اياد يوسف
اسم المشرف: غازي منعم عزيز | حسن فياض
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of four crude aqueous plant extracts : Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger), Camellia sinensis (Green tea), Olea europaea (Olive) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Rosella) on key enzyme linked to hypertension, Angiontensin - I Converting enzyme (ACE), and on the oxidant/antioxidants status, lipid profile in vitro and in vivo studies. Study of some biochemical biomarker demonstrated that antioxidant enzyme, oxidant enzyme, liped profile and ACE level for 75 hypertension patients. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were shown to have cross relationship with ACE level in hypertension groups, while lipid profile have positive relationship with ACE level in hypertension groups. ACE activity for the four groups G1, G2, G3, G4 were 19.61±3.97, 21.3 ± 1.95, 28.06 ± 5.34 and 32.74±8.19 ng/ml respectively. From these results we concluded that ACE was associated with hypertension and its modulated by drug or herbal extracts. Angiotensin - I Converting enzyme was extracted from sheep lung with specific activity 0.08 U/mg, then the crude ACE extract was concentrated with sucrose by dialysis with specific activity 0.1 U/mg, purification fold was 1.25.The enzyme was purified partly by ion - exchange chromatography using DEAE - cellulose with specific activity 0.5U/mg, yield 30% and purification fold 6.25. ACE activity was determined using N - [3 - (2 - furyl) acryloyl]L - phenylalanyl glycyl glycine (FA - PGG) as a substrate. Results for in vitro ACE inhibitory activity using plant extracts (ginger, green tea, roselle and olive) showed that the all four crude aqueous plant extracts had inhibitory activity in different values when used in the same concentrations about (1 mg/ml), and ginger extract possessed higher inhibitory activity than other three extracts. The ACE inhibitory potency of the ginger extract was found to be significant (P<0.001) when compared with the standard anti - ACE inhibitor drug (Captopril) at the same concentration. The inhibitory activity of ginger extract with different concentration (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) in L - N - ? - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester (L - NAME) induced hypertensive mice was evaluated. Acute oral administration with L - NAME 50mg/kg.b.w causes a rise in blood pressure in normal mice. Administration of aqueous ginger extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks in L - NAME treated mice significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mean arterial blood pressure compared with L - NAME animals without treatment, with decreasing the serum levels of ACE; while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) showed a significant elevation in ginger treated L - NAME induced hypertensive mice. The results suggest that ginger extract could prevent the development of high blood pressure induced by L - NAME probably can be attributed to prevent or reduce the oxidation process and the inhibition of physiological processes of a substance L - NAME and so as it contains ginger compounds of polyphenols, which inhibits the activity of the ACE and prevent oxidation of fats and repair System Antioxident. Our study concluded that ginger might act as a natural alternative to better and safer in the prevention of negative impacts and risk factors such as high blood pressure and lipids.

تاثير انزيم SNase المنقى من العنقودي في الغشاء الحياتي للايشيركية القولونية والكليبسيلا الرئوية == Impact of Snase Purified From Staphylococcus Aureus On Biofilm of Klebsiella Pneumoniae And Escherichia Coli

اسم المؤلف: هند تحسين ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: حارث جبار فهد المذخوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: SDS - PAGE showed that a single sharp band with an approximately 16.8 KDa molecular weight has been seen. A matter indicates that the enzyme is consistently pure. PCR technique was applied to approve the existence of nuc gene in S.aureus Nevertheless, only those which depicted positive results on DNase agar harboured nuc gene, as it is specified by single band appearance of nuc at assumed molecular weight (ca. 255 pb) of marker that being used. The current study findings highlighted the participation of SNase purified from S. aureus in significant (P< 0.05) preventing biofilm formation by E. coli and K. pneumoniae compared with untreated controls. Evidently, the inhibitory effect of SNase on biofilm formation is undoubtedly perceived, indicating the degradation of the structural major component of biofilm formation (i.e. extracellular DNA). Results revealed that SNase was able to significantly (P< 0.05) reduce the number of the uropathogens; E. coli and K. pneumoniae attached to the uroepithelial cells. 1 Chapter one : Introduction and literature Review 1. Introduction and Literature Review 1.1. Introduction Staphylococcus aureus is a persistent human pathogen that is responsible for a range of diseases that vary widely in clinical presentation and severity. The pathogenesis of S. aureus infection is a complex process involving a diverse array of secreted and surface - associated virulence determinants that are coordinately expressed at different stages of infection (Loughman et al., 2009). Escherichia coli is a genetically diverse species that causes a variety of infections which fulfill many or all of the proposed criteria for biofilmassociated infections (Kaper et al., 2004). Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of nosocomial infections. One important factor associated with virulence in K. pneumoniae is its capacity to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms (Cruz et al., 2012). Bacteria often exist as sessile communities called biofilms which are exquisite structures caused by a genetically programmed developmental process. It is estimated that biofilms are involved in 65% of human bacterial infections, since cells in biofilms are 1000 times more resistant than cells in the planktonic state, making medical treatments fail (Shal? et al., 2011). Extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays a significant role in biofilm formation, as revealed by studies in several bacteria including E. coli (Nakao, 2012) and K. pneumoniae (Whitchurch et al., 2002); however, there is no definite proof on a cause - and - effect relationship between DNA release and biofilm formation (Beenken et al., 2012) or becomes a key component of the macromolecular scaffold in many different biofilms (Jakubovics et al., 2013). In rare cases eDNA has been shown to inhibit bacterial settlement. Therefore, it is possible that nuclease mediated eDNA degradation would therefore promote adhesion. Consequently, it is not clear whether microbial nucleases contribute to the gross biofilm structure in clinically relevant situations (Sheilds et al., 2013). 2 Chapter one : Introduction and literature Review All previous studies used both commercial bovine and recombinant human DNaseI in the disruption of medically important biofilms; whilst, extracellular nuclease of S. aureus (SNase) was used against biofilm of S. aureus themselves (Benenken et al., 2012b ; Kiedrowski et al., 2014). Thus, to date, the role of S. aureus exonucleases in biofilm of other bacteria remains unclear. However, in the present study SNase is used against biofilm of other bacterial species (viz. K. pneumoniae and E. coli). To address this, the following steps were undertaken : 1 - Investigating the negative impact of SNase extracted from S. aureus on K. pneumoniae and E.coli biofilm formation. 2 - Studying the preventive activity of SNase on the adherence of K. pneumoniae and E. coli on uroepithelial cell.

تاثير المستخلص الكحولي للبروبولس على بعض الفعاليات الحيوية في الارانب المصابة بالداء السكري == Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis On Some Biological Activities In Diabetic Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

اسم المؤلف: دعاء عبد الزهرة دلي الفتلاوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الهادي عباس الابراهيمي | سهاد حميد حسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: العكبر (صمغ النحل) Propolis هو نتاج نحل العسل الذي اكتسب شعبية في الطب البديل وذلك بسبب خصائصه الحيوية، وقد استخدم بشكل واسع في الاطعمة الصحية. ان الدراسات المتعلقة بتاثير العكبر العراقي قليلة. ولهذا السبب, فان الهدف من هذا البحث هو تحليل تاثير العكبر الع | Propolis is a honeybee product that has gained popularity in alternative medicine, due to its biological properties and it has been intensively used in health foods. Studies concerning the effect of Iraqi propolis are rare. Therefore, the goal of this work is to analyse the effect of Iraqi propolis on some hematological and biochemical parameters in alloxan - induced diabetic rabbits, as well as study the histological observations of the pancreas, liver and kidney. Female local rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were used for this study. The overall number of animals used was 30.They were randomly divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced in all rabbits, except normal control, by a single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.v.). Development of induced diabetes mellitus was confirmed on first week after alloxan administration by examining the fasting glucose level in the blood taken from marginal ear vein. Rabbits with glycaemia were treated with alcoholic extract of propolis for 23 days. Diabetic control group did not treat with propolis. The treated animals were subdivided into three groups according to the dose of propolis extract. Three oral concentrations of propolis extract were investigated (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day).The following parameters have been studied were changes in weights of body, liver and kidneys ; changes in the hematological values that include erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes and hematocrit also changes in the biochemical values which included glucose, total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea, creatinine and Malondialdehyde (MDA), in addition histopathological study of pancreas, liver, and kidneys. The results indicate a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the body weight of alloxan - induced diabetic rabbits in comparison with control group, while there were significant increases in the weights of liver and kidneys. The present study showed that alloxan induced significant decreases (P<0.05) in all primary blood indices; erythrocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume (hematocrit) and leukocytes. Also, serum biochemical changes showed significant increases (P<0.05) in glucose, total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, AST, ALT, blood urea, creatinine, and MDA comparison with control group.Histopathological changes in pancreas, liver and kidneys, observed microscopically, revealed degrees of damage in the tissues, while these organs of control groups exhibited a normal architecture. The treatment with alloxan resulted in several forms of histological alterations such as cytoplasmic vacuolation, degeneration, necrosis, cell hypertrophy, nuclear diploid, diffusion of inflammatory cells, dilatation in ducts, stagnation in secretory fluid. in addition, hemorrhage, dilatation and congestion in blood vessels and disorganization of histologic architecture, Generally, the gradual improvement in blood values was noticed with the increase in concentration alcoholic extract of propolis and return back the normal histological shape of pancreas, liver and kidneys. Propolis extract in rabbits had a potent antihyperglycemic effect, antioxidant activities, radical - scavenging capacities, tissue regeneration properties, and that may be due to the high biological activity and nutritive values contents in bee propolis. In conclusion, the results suggest that propolis could potentially contribute for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

دراسة مقارنة بين تاثير سترات الكلوميفين وسترات التاموكسيفين على بعض معايير نطف الفئران == Comparative Study On The Effects of Clomiphene Citrate And Tamoxiphene Citrate On Some Sperm Parameters In Mice

اسم المؤلف: رائد عبد الاله عباس
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين | محمد عوده سلمان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاجنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - المعهد العالي لتشخيص العقم والتقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد العقم واحدة من المشاكل الاجتماعية المهمة في معظم انحاء العالم.استنادا الى الاحصائيات الحالية حوالي 15% من المتزوجين يواجهون العقم. يؤدي تقييم السائل المنوي غير الطبيعي للاستروجينات الى تشخيص قلة اعداد النطف ونشاطها وشكلها الطبيعي ومن ناحية اخرى تؤثر | Infertility is one of the most critical social problems in the all of population world. According to the current statistics, about 15% of married couples face with infertility. Assessment of abnormal semen parameters leads to diagnosis of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, and in others, it leads to isolated abnormalities of sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, due to the lack of differentiable or correctable etiology, Both clomiphene citrate and tamoxiphene citrate, as an anti - estrogen, is the most common prescribed medication for male infertility. In humans, ant estrogens interfere with the normal negative feedback of sex steroids at the hypothalamus and pituitary, thereby increasing endogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion directly from the pituitary. Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) and tamoxiphene citrate (TC) administered to male mice on quality of sperm parameters.Materials and Methods : Ninety six male mice were divided into two major groups, and every one of these groups was subdivided into three minor groups involving control and two treated groups. In the CC study, 48 mice were administrated orally 0, 0.0125 mg and 0.025 mg as control (G 1), low dose (G 2) and high dose (G 3) for 42 days. While, in the TC study, 48 mice were administrated orally 0, 0.01 mg and 0.02 mg as control (G 1), low dose (G 2) and high dose (G 3) for 42 days. Then, the male mice were sacrificed, both vas deferens were collected and assessment sperm parameters involving sperm concentration, sperm motility and activity, and normal sperm morphology. Results : The results of present study appeared that the use high dose of CC or TC significantly increment (P<0.05) sperm concentration as compared to control groups. However, use high dose of CC significantly increment (P<0.05) percentages of sperm motility and normal sperm morphology. Meanwhile, the percentage of progressive sperm motility was increased significantly (P< 0.05) when low CC dose administered as compared to control and high CC dose groups. In this study, percentages of sperm motility, progressive sperm motility and normal sperm morphology showed best elevation when used low TC dose as compared to both control and high TC dose groups. High TC dose causes significant increment (P<0.05) in the percentage of sperm agglutination when compared to control and low TC dose groups.Conclusions : Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the administration of high dose of either CC or TC increases sperm concentration, while administration of low dose of either CC or TC enhances progressive sperm motility.

تقييم مستوى هرموني الجوع والسمنة لدى مرضى فرط ضغط الدم في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Assessment of Obestatin And Ghrelin Levels In Hypertensive Patients In Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf Governorate

اسم المؤلف: زهراء محمد فاخر عطية النفاخ
اسم المشرف: ارشد نوري غني الدجيلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تقييم مستوى الهرمونات المكتشفة حديثا هرمون الجوع ?هرمون السمنةونسبة هرمون الجوع الى هرمون السمنة في مرضى ضغط الدم لمعرفة العلاقة المحتملة بين مستوى هرمون جريلين, اوبستاتين مع عوامل مختلفة بما في ذلك الضغط الانقباضي, الضغط الانبساطي و| The present study aims to assess the newly discovered ghrelin, obestatin hormones levels and ghrelin to obestatin ratio in patients with hypertension disease and to find out a possible relationship between obestatin, ghrelin level with different criteria including, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in patients with Hypertension disease and compared with healthy controls as a tool for monitoring and even possibly prediction or diagnosis of these diseases. 69patients are diagnosed with hypertension disease (33males and 36 females) and 20 control healthy subjects (10 males and 10 females) having no history of diabetes mellitus, renal failure and other disease enrolled in this study.The patients are selected from both sexes (males and females) their ages ranged between (40 - 70) years old. Patients with hypertension disease are recruited from AL - sader teaching city in AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf Governorate during the period from September to December 2013. Results of the present study in general revealed that there is high obestatin level in patients with hypertension diseases in a comparison with control group, low ghrelin level in patients with hypertension disease comparing with control group and ratio of ghrelin to obestatin ratio was decreased in patients undergo from hypertension when compared with control group.The result showed a positive correlation among obestatin, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and body mass index (BMI) with negative correlation between gherlin, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and body mass index (BMI) and negative correlation between ghrelin to obestatin ratio with blood pressure. The present study concluded that ghrelin to obestatin ratio might play role in blood pressure regulation

وظائف الغدة الدرقية وبروتين C التفاعلي لدى مرضى العجز الكلوي المزمن المستمرين على الديلزة الدموية ومرضى الزرع الكلوي == Thyroid Functions And C - Reactive Protein In Chronic Renal Failure Patients On Hemodialysis And Kidney Transplantation

اسم المؤلف: احمد جاسم محمد المشهداني
اسم المشرف: نبيل خالد محمد علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعاني مرضى الغسيل الدموي من امراض مزمنة يعتقد بانها لاتطال الغدة الدرقية, ولتقييم ذلك من خلال كل من الاداء الوظيفي الكلوي والدرقي لدى مرضى الفشل الكلوي المزمن والزرع الكلوي تم : - 1) قياس مستويات اليوريا والكرياتنين والفسفور وبروتين C التفاعلي, الكالسيوم | Patients on regular hemodialysis suffer from a chronic illness that is believed not to involve the thyroid gland. In this study, we evaluated the thyroid and kidney functions in Patients with end - stage renal disease and transplantation from : - 1) measurment levels of urea, creatinine, phosphorus, and C - reactive protein, calcium and albumin in patients and compared control. 2) measurment levels of thyroid hormones fT4, fT3 addition to thyroid stimulating - hormone TSH in the blood serum of patients and compared control. This study was conducted in Baquba teaching Hospital /Department of dialysis, the period from November.1st. 2013 to April.1st. 2014, from which to collect 80 blood samples, 40 samples hemodialysis Patients including (26 males, 14 females), 40 person Renal or kidney transplant Patients (32 males, 8 females) do not suffer from thyroid disease, compared with 40 blood samples for healthy people(control) (32 males, 8 females), within the age range of (20 - 70 years).. The Results of the study revealed a significant increase of probability (p<0.001) in levels of urea, creatinine and phosphorus in hemodialysis patients compared to control (21.932 ±1.072, 4.766 ± 0.122 mmol/L) (413.400 ±29.109, 62.375± 1.142 umol/L) (5.397 ±0.370, 3.875 ± 0.127 mg/dl) respectively. the results also indicate revealed a rise in the concentration of acute phase protein (C - reactive protein) by (50%) in hemodialysis patients, which reflected negatively increase the mortality rate in these patients, and low in glomerular filtration rate in hemodialysis patients compared to control (16.152±1.395, 126.325 ±2.020 ml/min) respectively. while still this significant difference in these levels with the exception of urea and glomerular filtration rate, which continued at the same level in renal transplant patients. The results indicated the presence of a significant decrease of probability (p<0.001) in the levels of calcium and albumin in hemodialysis patients compared to the control (7.857± 0.266, 9.058 ± 0.063 mg/dl) (3.333±0.156, 4.146 ± 0.108 g/dl) respectively. This decrease to become less significant in renal transplantation patients (P<0.01). The Thyroid hormone levels were the results of the statistical analysis show a significant decrease of probability (P <0.001) in Thyroid hormone levels Free triiodothyronine in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients as compared to the control (3.233±0.151, 4.519 ± 0.100, 5.191 ± 0.137 pmol/l) respectively. While Free Thyroxine levels did not show a significant difference at the hemodialysis group compared to control , while the renal transplant group the results indicated the presence of a significant increase of probability (P <0.01) in hormone levels as compared to control amounted to (16.400 ± 0.778, 14.671± 0.401 pmol/l ) respectively. did not significant affected variations of the thyroid - stimulating hormone among the two groups of patients compared to the control. Notes from the above results presence decrease in thyroid hormone levels Free triiodothyronine fT3 in patients with hemodialysis and kidney transplant.

التحري عن بعـض عوامل الفوعة لبكتريا المكورات Enterococci المعوية المقاومة للمضاد الحيوي الفانكومايسين == Detection of Some Virulence Factors of Vancomycin - Resistant Enterococci

اسم المؤلف: حيدر صباح كاظم الخماسي
اسم المشرف: مي طالب فليح
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم الحصول على (20) عزله لبكتريا المكورات المعوية البرازية من اصل (135) عينة جمعت من مستشفى مدينة الطب ومستشفى الكندي وهي كما ياتي (15 عينة الادرار, 60 عينة دم, 50 عينة من قنوات الجذر للاسنان و10 عينة من الحروق).اختبرت الحساسية لهذه العزلات العشرون لـ 11 | Clinical sampling was carried out between September and December 2013, Twenty Enterococcus faecalis isolates were obtained from 135 clinical specimens. The samples included of patients in Medical City Hospital and Al - kindy Hospital (15 urine, 60 blood, 50 root canal and 10 wound swabs) Antibiotics susceptibility test for 20 isolates was done against 11 antibiotics, it was revealed that the isolates showed multi drug resistance were (18) isolates. The vancomycin susceptibility was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Resistant and intermediate resistant to vancomycin was distributed among isolates at a ratio of 65% and 20%, respectively. Imipenem was found to be the most bactericidal agent against E. faecalis isolates E. faecalis virulence factors were detected phenotypically, The results showed that all isolates (100%) were hemolysin, protease and aggregation substance producer. 30% of isolates showed an ability to produce gelatinase. While (40.7%) of the isolates were a lipase producer. The results of the tube method showed that all E. faecalis isolates (100%) were slime layer and biofilm producer but the amount of adherent layer were different among the isolates ranged from strong to moderate and weak.The extracted DNA was subjected to Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in a monoplex pattern to amplify the virulence factor Enterococcal Surface Protein (esp) which is chromosomal, results of this investigation showed that 20 (100%) E. faecalis isolates gave the amplicon size 933 base pair for the esp gene.The genetic determinants of Vancomycin - Resistant vanA and vanB genes were amplified using monoplex and multiplex PCR techniques in order to identify vancomycin resistant (van+) and sensitive (lacking van) among (13) E. faecalis. The vanA, vanB genes were detected in 11 and 4 E. faecalis isolates, respectively. The results of monoplex and multiplex PCR revealed that the molecular weight of vanA and vanB genes were 550 and nearly 600 bp, respectively. The results revealed that the vanA and vanB amplicons have a genetic variation in their molecular weight during the electrophoresis of PCR product.

التحري عن الطفرات في جيني CNTNAP2 وIL1RAPL1 في مرضى التوحد == Mutation Screening of CNTNAP2 And IL1RAPL1 Genes In Autistic Patients

اسم المؤلف: بشير كاظم خرميط
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم عبد الرزاق القزاز
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان اضطرابات طيف التوحد هي مجموعة من الظروف التي تتميز بضعف في التواصل الاجتماعي ونمطية في السلوك. يختلف الاشخاص المتوحدين اختلافا كبيرا في التطور المعرفي والتي يمكن ان تتراوح من فوق المتوسط الى العجز في التفكير. رغم ان اضطرابات طيف التوحد هي تورث بشكل كبي | The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. Individuals with an ASD vary greatly in cognitive development, which can range from above average to intellectual disability (ID). While ASDs are known to be highly heritable (~90%), the underlying genetic determinants are still largely unknown. The research studies correlate between Contactin - associated Protein - Like 2 (CNTNAP2), Interleukin - 1 Receptor Accessory Protein - Like1 (IL1RAPL1) genes and ASDs. This study includes forty autistic patients and forty non autistic children as control groups (twenty unaffected sibling and twenty unrelated children). The age of autistic and non autistic children was ranged from 3 to 10 years. Blood samples of autistic patients were collected from Rahman specialist centre for the care and service autistic children in Baghdad. DNA was extracted from blood samples for molecular detection of CNTNAP2 and IL1RAPL1 mutations associated with ASDs by the use Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and sequence analysis. PCR reaction was performed to amplify exons (14, 17 and 20) of CNTNAP2 gene that encode to CASPR2, a member of the neurexin family which functions in the nervous system as cell adhesion molecules and receptors. The PCR results revealed that identical bands related to the CNTNAP2 exons were present in all samples. Therefore, five samples (four from autistic patients and one from control sibling) were selected for genotype analysis of CNTNAP2 exons (14, 17 and 20) by direct sequencing. Genotype analysis revealed that there were no any variants in CNTNAP2 exons, but it shows that four different mutations were identified in non coding region (introns) of the CNTNAP2 gene. These mutations were seen only in autistic patients but absent in control sample. Three of these mutations are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3779031 A/G in 2118282 position, rs3779032 A/C in 2118436 position and T/G in 2117905 position). The other mutations were deletion in one nucleotide (Del A/ - in 2117901 position). SNP rs3779032 A/C are located at intron 21 while other mutations are located at intron 19. The current study showed that two common SNPs (rs3779031 and rs3779032) in CNTNAP2 were strongly associated with ASDs, where the frequencies of these SNPs were relatively high. SNP rs3779031 identified in two autistic patients while rs3779032 identified in three autistic patients from four unrelated families with ASDs. PCR reaction also was performed to amplify exons (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) of IL1RAPL1, a gene implicated in calcium - regulated vesicle release and dendrite differentiation. The PCR results show a large intrgenic deletion (Deletion of exons 3 and 4) in six autistic patients, two of these patients were twin. This deletion may be incomplete penetrance due to phenotypic heterogeneity of these patients. This study provides evidence of the role of genetic factors in the etiology of ASD and the important CNTNAP2 and IL1RAPL1 genes mutation of pathogencity ASDs.

استجابة نبات السلق (Beta vulgaris var. cilca L.) للشد الملحي وحامضي البرولين والجبرلين == Response of Chard Plant (Beta Vulgaris Var. Cilca L.) To Salt Stress, Proline And Gibberellic Acids

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد الامير مظهور
اسم المشرف: انتصار حسين مهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت التجربة في الموسم الشتوي للعام (2012 - 2013) م في احد الحقول التابعة لناحية الحر في محافظة كربلاء, لمعرفة استجابة نبات السلق للشد الملحي والرش بحامضي البرولين والجبرلين والتداخل بينهما في بعض الصفات الكمية والنوعية لبعض الاجزاء الخضرية والتكاثرية (ا | An experiment was conducted in the winter season of the year (2012 - 2013) in a private Al - Hur district in Karbala governorate, to find out chard plant response to salt stress, proline and gibberellic acids and their interaction on some quantity and quality characteristics to some parts of vegetative and reproductive (leaves, flowers and seeds) to chard plant (Beta vulgaris var. cilca L.).The design of the experiment was randomized complete blocks (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement with three replicate. The first factor was four levels of saline water (0(River water), 2, 4 and 6) ds. m - 1 and the second factor was seven concentration of proline acid (PA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) (0(River water), 50PA, 100PA, 150PA, 50GA3, 100GA3 and 150GA3) mg. L - 1. Means were compared by using averages revised least significant difference (RLSD) at 0.05 probability level when the treatments referred to significant effect. The results showed : 1 - The negative effect of salinity levels on the qualities of the vegetative plant chard before flowering stage with the except of the dry weight of the root system, which had increased significantly with the level of salinity 2 ds. m - 1.2 - The negative impact of salinity levels in vegetative qualities of chard plant after flowering except root length, leaves chlorophyll content (a, b and total), nitrogen%, protein% and proline which increased with the level of salinity 2 ds. m - 1. as well as the potassium% in leaves with a salinity level 4 ds. m - 1 and dry weight of shoots with all levels of salinity and especially 6 ds. m - 1.3 - Gibberellic acid was dominant on proline acid in terms of chard plant by 150 mg. L - 1 concentration before flowering and 50 mg. L - 1. concentration after flowering while proline acid was dominant on gibberellic acid in dry weight before flowering and root dry weight of shoots after flowering, by 50 mg. L - 1 and potassium% in leaves and the protein% with 100 mg. L - 1 concentration.4 - The interaction between the salinity levels and acids concentrations add showed a significant difference in most of the traits of the plant, especially in combinations consisting of level 2 ds. m - 1 or comparison of saline with gibberellic acid by 150 mg. L - 1 before flowering and 50 or 100 mg. L - 1 after flowering while gave a combination of salinity level 4 ds. m - 1 with concentration of proline acid 100 mg. L - 1 higher of potassium% in leaves

تاثير الجهد التاكسدي على بعض المعايير الدموية وفيتامينات C, D3, E لدى مرضى كثرة الحمر == Effect of Oxidative Stress On Some Hematological Parameters And Vitamin C, D3, And E In Patients With Polycythemia

اسم المؤلف: احمد ظاهر محمود الدليمي
اسم المشرف: حميد محمود مجيد | نجاة عبد الرزاق حسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتوارد الى مصرف الدم ضمن دائرة صحة ديالى العديد من الاشخاص الذكور, يوميا للتخلص من زيادة الدم (كثرة الحمر) , وللتعرف على بعض جوانب هذه الحالات المرضية : تم جمع 90 عينة دم من هؤلاء المرضى (54 مدخن, 36 غير مدخن) قورنت مع 40 عينة دم لاشخاص اصحاء, تراوحت اعم | Many male persons come every day to the blood bank labeled within Diyala Health Directorate to get rid of blood ratio increase(polycythemia). To shed light on this phenomenon, 90 blood samples are collected from these patients (54 smokers, 36 nonsmokers) and they are compared with 40 blood samples of healthy persons within the age range of (18 - 79 years) in the period ranging from Decembar.1st. 2012 to March.1st. 2013. A Hematocrit (HCT) criterion of 52% is used in the study as a sickness criterion.The present study was conducted to : 1. Measure the red and white blood cells and platelet counts (complete blood picture).2. Measure antioxidant the concentration vitamins C, E in addition to vitamin D3 and Glutathione (GSH).3. Measure the levels of the Malondialdehyde (MDA). Results of the statistical analysis show a significant increase(p<0.001) in Red blood cells, Hematocrit, a significant increase in the White blood cells (p<0.05), a significant increase(p<0.001) in the (Neutrophils, Monocytes and Esophils) while the mean of Lymphocytes and Basophils counts show a significant decrease (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Blood platelet did not show significant variations between the control and sick patient groups. Upon splitting the patients group to smokers and nonsmokers, results of the statistical analysis reflect a significant increase of (p<0.05) in the Hemoglobin of nonsmokers with polycythemia compared to the control group and to smokers. The platelets count did not mirror any significant variations between the patients and control groups despite the increase in platelet numbers in persons with polycythemia group that are nonsmokers and a decrease in smokers patients. Results of the statistical analysis also show a significant increase of MDA levels in patients with polycythemia (p<0.001) compared to the control group especially in the nonsmokers which signals an increase in lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species. Results of the statistical analysis show a significant decrease of (p<0.001) in the levels of vitamin C in the patients with polycythemia, the smokers as well as the nonsmokers polycythemia sub groups compared to the control group which refers to the notion that the vitamin E free radical attacks vitamin C to remake vitamin E. in this case vitamin C is consumed and vitamin E will be remodeled. There is a significant decrease (p<0.001) in the mean vitamin D3 in patients with polycythemia compared to the control group. Vitamin D3 has an impact on Red and White blood cells inside of the bone marrow, this matter sheds light on the probability of this impact of vitamin D3 on the pathogenesis of polycythemia. The results of statistical analysis did not show significant differences in the means of vitamin E and GSH levels. The present study revealed a positive relationship between vitamin D3 levels and Red Blood Cells counts, In addition there was a negative correlation of vitamin D3 with Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) in total polycythemia group and polycythemia smokers sub groups.

الازالة الحيوية لليورانيوم والسيزيوم من الترب الملوثة بواسطة نبات الشعير == Phytoextraction of Uranium And Cesium From Contaminated Soil By Hordeum Vulgare Plants

اسم المؤلف: سيف صبار كامل
اسم المشرف: ناظم حسن حيدر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Phytoremediation is defined as the use of green plants to remove pollutants from the environment or to render them harmless. Phytoremediation process can be classified based on the contaminant fate as; Phytoextraction, Phytotransformation, Phytostabilization, Phytodegradation, Rhizofiltration. In this work, the phytoextraction process was employed. A piece of land in the Botanical Garden at the University of Baghdad with an area of 25 m2 was prepared to plant the barley plant. Then, seeds of barley of type "Samir", which is an Iraqi kind that suitable for cultivation in Iraq, have been seeded. For U and Cs experiments, soil was mixed with a limited quantity of each U isotope for three different concentrations; 152 Bq/kg, 95 Bq/kg and 81 Bq/kg and for Cs106.5 Bq/kg, 79 Bq/kg and51 Bq/kg. For NPK and Urea experiments, different concentrations were tested to establish the requirements of these experiments. The LB4100 - W counting system includes the most complete data analysis software package was used to measure and calculate the alpha and beta concentrations and subsequently the overall activity concentration of any studied sample. Samples were prepared by following the Indian Standard method. For U, the experiment achieved by dividing it into four groups that differ in the spent time of agriculture in contaminated and clean (reference) soils. The results illustrated that the phytoextracted of U with planted period in contaminated soil, which were 31, 50, 63, 34 days, were 36.22, 54.84, 76.24, and 66.30 Bq/kgm, respectively. However, the 4th group differs comparing with other groups in the spent time of cleaned soil, which was 73 days. For Cs experiments, the work grouped similar to U experiment. The results of Cs phytoextraction showed that the absorbed Cs were 54.34, 100.69 and 109.07 for spent times in contaminated soil; 23, 43 and 57 respectively. Furthermore, barley plant has significant ability to phytoextract U and good ability to phytoextract Cs for all the three different concentrations. Besides, the results illustrated that the increase in the planted time in contaminated soils led to increase the quantity of phytoextracted isotopes. The results of adding K fertilizer showed a decrease in the ability of barley to absorb U, while the addition of urea enhanced the ability of barley. Finally, the following conclusion can be drawn from the present study that : barley is a good tool to phytoextract Cs rather than U and the use of urea fertilizer is suitable for enhanced the phytoextraction process.

الكشف الجزيئي عن التغيرات في جين MSX1 المسؤول عن حالة فقدان الاسنان باستخدام سلسة تفاعل البلمرة في عينة من المرضى العراقيين == Molecular Detection of Msx1 Gene Changes Responsible For Causing Hypodontia Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) In Sample of Iraqi Patients

اسم المؤلف: اماني احسان الصقر
اسم المشرف: اسماعيل حسين عزيز | اكرم فيصل الحويزي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: مصطلح الهايبودونشيا يعني نقص الاسنان الخلقي ويعد من اكثر التشوهات الفموية حدوثا لدى الانسان. مائة وخمسة وسبعون من مرضى نقص الاسنان الخلقي سجلوا في هذه الدراسة لديهم على الاقل سن واحد مفقود ولايزيد عدد الاسنان المفقودة عن ستة، قصدوعلاج الاسنان التقويمي في | Hypodontia means congenitally missing teeth, and considers as one of the most common oral alteration in human. One hundred and seventy five of hypodontia patients were matriculated in this study, having at least one missing tooth and no more than 6 missing teeth, seeking orthodontic treatment, who attended Al - Huwaizi Dental Center at AL - Harethia District - Baghdad, and control group consists of twenty five apparently healthy subjects (15 females, and 10 males). The age of both groups ranged from14 to 65 year. Buccal swabs were collected (for molecular study) from 25 of those patients who attended the clinic in a period between the beginnings of October 2013 to the end of April 2014, and from control group. Information were taken from the subjects under study according to a questionnaire that includes, name, gender, age, family and medical history, and the place of residence. Hypodontia was diagnosed according to the history of patients, clinical examination, orthopantomogram (OPG), and dental casts. The result of demographic study of hypodontia patients revealed that hypodontia was found in 129 of females which were more than that in males(46) with significant difference (p < 0.05). The ratio of females to males was 2.8 : 1. The missing teeth in hypodontia patients were found in right, left or both sides. The number of hypodontia patients, who had missing teeth in the right side were 37, in the left side were 48, while in both sides reached to 90 with non - significant differences and the results clarified that the missing teeth in anterior region found in 81 patients were higher than that in posterior region (63) while the least in both regions which recorded in 31 patient. It was found that hypodontia was more common in the maxilla (73) (upper jaw) than that in mandible (65) (lower jaw), whereas 37 suffering from missing teeth in both jaws, with non - significant differences. Present results showed that the maxillary lateral incisor (LI) was the most frequently missing tooth (124), the second most missing tooth was mandibular second premolar (PM2) (101) followed by lower central incisor (CI) (33), the maxillary second premolar(PM2) (27) whereas the lowest frequently missing teeth were canine (C), and the first premolar (PM1). The molecular part of present study used polymerease chain reaction (PCR) technique for amplification of DNA samples extracted from buccal swabs of twenty five hypodontia patients and control group.Four pairs of primers X1.1F, X1.3R; X1.4F, X1.4R; X2.1F, X2.3R, and X2.3F, X2.4R of the MSX1 gene, obtained from Bioneer Company (Korea), were used to amplify overlapping regions of the 2 exons of the MXS1 gene. The first pair of primers was used to amplify fragment with product size of 421 bp., while the second, third, and forth pairs of primers were used to amplify fragments with product size of 152 bp., 493 bp., and 264 bp., respectively. The outcome of MSX1 gene amplification showed that four patients with the first pair of primers and nineteen patient with the third pair of primers gave negative result (no bands) which differed from the result of the other patients and control. The disappearance of bands may be attributed to MSX1 microdeletion in those patients.The sequencing of MSX1 gene for the PCR product of second, third and fourth pairs of primer showed no genetic mutation, while the PCR product of the first pair of primers reveled nine missense and two silent mutations.It was concluded that hypodontia occurre frequently in Iraqi population and its occurrence in females was higher than that in males, and the gene MSX1 is responsible for many teeth missing in hypodontia patients.

دراسة الانماط المصلية وعوامل الضراوة لبكتريا E.coli المعزولة من حالات خمج المجاري البولية لدى النساء في محافظة ديالى == A Study On Serotypes And Virulence Factors of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Women With Urinary Tract Infections In Diyala Province

اسم المؤلف: لارة محمود شفيق السوره ميري
اسم المشرف: محمد خليفة خضير
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت هذه الدراسة 350 عينة ادرار وسطي ومنها تم الحصول على 100عزلة من بكتريا الاشريشيا القولونية المعزولة من النساء المصابات بالتهابات المجاري البولية في مستشفى خانقين العام, ومستشفى بعقوبةالتعليمي, ومستشفى البتول للولادة والاطفال في محافظة ديالى من الفترة | The study was included 350 samples of Mid - stream urine and which has been obtained 100 isolates of Escherichia coli from women with Urinary Tract Infections in Khanaqin General Hospital and Baaquba Teaching Hospital and Al - Batool Hospital in Diyala Province. All samples were collected from 2013/10/15 to 18/2/2014. All bacterial isolates were identified by the biochemical cultural, serological teast and microbial characteristics and confirmed by VITEKA2, API - 20E system. The serological test was performed by slide agglutination test for the urine isolates and 19 of them 19% gave positive results for the polyvalent antisera O26, O55, O111, O119, O126. The results showed the susceptibility 57 bacterial isolates to produce hemolysin with percentage 57%, and production of bacteriocin Form71%. The production of biofilm by local isolates were detected in three ways, isolates of Escherichia coli has shown its ability to produce biofilm by a manner ELISA, adhesion Surface methods, and a Congo - red methods as apercentage 90%, 83%, 78% respectively. The results showed that 88% from Escherichia coli isolates were able to produce ? - lactamase enzymes by rapid iodometric method, and 4% of isolates have the ability to produce of the Extendended spectrum ? - Lactamase enzyme by using disc Approximation, while 2% of isolates have the ability to produce of Metalo ? - lactamase enzymes by using the Imp - EDTA combination dis casmanaged. The sensitivity of these isolates were tested against (16) antibiotics, the results induct that E.coli had resistance to the antibiotics : Augmentin, Aztreonam, Ampicillin, Co - trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol with the rates 100%, 93%, 92%, 89% and 86% respectively. The isolates were more sensitive to Ceftazidime, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefixime with resistance rate 41%, 38%, 35% and 30% respectively. The antibiotics Imipenem and Tobramycin were more sensitive with sensitive rate 100% and 80% respectively. Multiple resistance pattern for antibiotic divided into two groups, first included 69 isolates 69% which were resistant to 6 - 10 antibiotics, while second included 31 isolates 31% were resistant to11 - 15antibiotics.

انتشار انزيمات بيتالاكتاميز نوع OXA بين عزلات بكتيريا الزوائف الزنجارية في مدينة الديوانية == Prevalence of OXA Beta - Lactamaes of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa In Al - Diwaniya City

اسم المؤلف: رنا مشعل سالم
اسم المشرف: سيوف خومان علوان الرماحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
النص الكامل من المصدر: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B7-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aim of This study is to determine the prevalence of OXA ? - lactamase in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical and other environmental cases in Al - Diwaniya Teaching Hospital using phenotypic and molecular methods.The Samples of the study were collected from various sources and they were 390 samples for the period from November 2011 to March 2012, and they includ (292 clinical specimens and 98 environmental sample), the results of cultural and biochemical tests showed that 50 isolates (39 of them were from clinical cases and 11 were from environmental samples), belonged to ps. aeruginosa, and their diagnosis were confirmed by 16s - ribosomal RNA, and the study showed that all the isolates containing the 16s - ribosomal RNA gene, which represents the designed diagnostic gene in this study.The results of this study showed that the higher rate of P. aeruginosa isolates was due to burns infections (23.68 %) , followed by respiratory tract infections (sputum) that were (15.38 %) and then the case to otitis media infections (12.5 %), and lastly that due to urinary tract infections (10.49 %), while the rate isolation from the environmental samples was (5.11 %) from the floor of burns department, followed by (10.8 %) from the medical instruments of department workers.It was noted from this study that the age and gender of the patients have some effect on the infection by P. aeruginosa it was recorded that the higher rate of infection was in patients older then 61 year old, and regarding gender, it was found that females are more infected than male, especially in urinary tract infections. The study showed that there is high rate of infection in the admitted patients, in older people and in those who need urinary catheterization, in addition to those with severe burns and those in the intensive care units. Drug sensitivity test had been carried out for all the bacterial isolates to 22 types of antibiotics by disk diffusion method of Kirby - Bauer, and this study had indicated that there was relatively high resistance from P. aeruginosa to ? - lactam antibiotics, aminoglycoseides, and fluoroquinolone. The results also showed that the studied isolates has possibility of producing broad - spectrum ? - lactames enzymes, and this is supported by the resistance of this bacteria to the third generation cephalosporins and to Alaztronam, it was also shown that there was difference in the resistance to carbapenems antibiotics, the resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem were 16% and 64 %, respectively. Polymyxin B and Polymyxin E also called (Colistin) antibiotics were also used, and the resistance rate %0 for Colistin and %4 for Polymyxin B, that means there was two isolates which are resistant to Polymyxin B and this resistance was a challenge to the success of therapeutic efforts. this study noted that there was 22 (44%) isolates which were resistant to at least three types of antibiotics, and regarded as multi - drug resistant (MDR) and Extensive - drug resistance (XDR) isolates were26 (52%) which was the higher rate among the three types of resistance, The third type of resistance was 2 (4%) which represents the resistance to all types of studied antibiotics (PDR). The ability of these isolates to produce broad - spectrum OXA ? - lactames enzymes groups was investigated thrrough detection of presence of genes blaOXA - 10, blaLCR - 1, blaOXA - 18, blaOXA - 1, blaOXA - 2 in these isolates by using the polymerization chain reaction enzyme technology] (PCR) it showed 50/50 (100%) isolates contain blaOXA - 10 gene, which belongs to the OXA group I, and the results of this study showed no amplification results for blaOXA - 18, blaLCR - 1, blaOXA - 1, blaOXA - 2 genes, which belong to the main groups of broadspectrum OXA ? - lactames enzymes which are OXAgroup II, OXAgroup III and OXA groupV respectively except OXA18 enzyme

دراسة صنفين من الحنطة (.Triticum aestivum L) من الناحيتين الفسلجية والتشريحية لتحمل الملوحة == A Study of Two Varieties of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) From Physiological And Anatomical Sides For Salt Tolerance

اسم المؤلف: فراس نايف صالح العزاوي
اسم المشرف: وسام مالك داود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في كلية الزراعة/جامعة ديالى في الموسم الشتوي 2013\2014 بهدف دراسة تاثير مستويات الملوحة مقارنة, 6،4،2 ديسيسيمنز. م_1 في الصفات الفسلجية لصنفين من الحنطة هي الوزن الجاف لكل من المجموع الخضري والجذري والنسبة بينهما ومحتوى الكلوروفيل، وارتف | This study was conducted in the collage of agricultural - university of Diyala in winter season (2013 - 2014) for studying the effect of salinities levels 2, 4, 6 ds.m - 1 to physiological traits for two wheat cuiltivars it dry weight for shoot and root and ration between them, chlorophyll content, plant height, spike length and weight 1000 grain, and anatomical traits such us skin thickness, number of stomata and width of vascular band for two wheat cuiltivars (Triticum astivum. L).While results showed : Djla cuiltivars exceed upon Ebaa 99 in all traits except weight 1000 grain trait, decreased plant height traits in Djla cuiltivars all salinities levels, decreased averages height 38.40, 49.30, 42.66,., 30.40cm.while results decreased Dry weight of root.3.34, 2.82, 1.90, 1.80gm respectively.While results showed significant differences in anatomical traits Djla cuiltivars exceed upon Ebaa 99 effect of deferent salinities levels gave marked rise in thickness of epidermis 8.9, 10.18, 11.6, 11, 00. Mm respectively, While exceed Ebaa 99 upon Djla width of vascular band trait 30.00 32.2, 039.7. , 39.9. Mm.

الاضطرابات الفسلجية والاجهاد التاكسدي لدى النساء في سن بعد الياس في محافظة بابل == Physiological Disturbances And Oxidative Stress In Postmenopausal Women In Babylon Province

اسم المؤلف: سارة حاتم عجيل خضير
اسم المشرف: داخل غاني عمران الوطيفي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتميز سن الياس (Menopause) لدى الاناث بتوقف الحيض وتصبح الانثى غير خصبة بسبب فقدان جميع الحويصلات المبيضية (Ovarian follicles) والانخفاض الشديد لهرموني الاستروجين والبروجسترون صممت الدراسة الحالية لفحص الاضطرابات الفسلجية المختلفة والتي تشمل بعض المعايير | Menopause marks the time in women's life when her menstruation stop and she is no longer fertile because of exhaustion of ovarian follicles and sharply decrease in ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone.The present study was designated to determinate different physiological disturbances which occurring in some hematological and biochemical parameters of postmenopausal women. A total number used was 130 women, 100 women were postmenopause and subdivided into four age groups (46 - 50 year, 51 - 55 year, 56 - 60 year, and 61 - 65 year). Thirteen women were premenopause , used as a control group, their ages ranged between 20 - 30 years. In all age groups of postmenopausal women, it have been found that the levels of estradiol hormone were progressioly decreased (p<0.05) when compared with control group. Regarding hematological parameters, RBCs count was insignificantly increase (p>0.05) in all age groups of postmenopausal women. Levels of hemoglobin concentrations and packed cell volume were significantly increased (p<0.05) in all age groups of postmenopausal women compare to control groups. Blood platelets count recorded insignificant fall (p>0.05) in most age groups of postmenopausal women.As for, red blood indices (MCV, MCH, and MCHC) explained insignificant differences (p>0.05) of most menopausal women in a comparison with those control group. Total white blood cells have insignificant elevation (p>0.05) of most groups except 56 - 60 years groups. Regard to differential white blood cells, Levels of lymphocytes and monocyte have been showed insignificant drop (p>0.05) of the level of lymphocytes and significant increase (p<0.05) of first and second age groups in the levels of monocytes of postmenopausal women. Granulocytes white blood cells have been indicated different changes : Nentrophils were significantly higher (p<0.05)in all age groups of postmenopausal women, where as, eosinophils and basophils were insignificantly different (p>0.05) in most age groups. Concerning biochemical changes, Total serum proteins, Albumin, and globulin have been showed significant lowering (p<0.05) in all age groups of postmenopausal women. Statistical analyses showed a significant rise (p<0.05) of serum uric acid and urea levels in most group of postmenopausal women. Measurments of enzyme activities involved in liver (ALT and AST) were significantly hightened (p<0.05) in most age groups of postmenopausal women, Whil, ALP activities recorded insignificant increase (p>0.05) in all age group of postmenopausal women. Determinations of minerals showing a significant increase (p<0.05) in the levels of calcium and insignificant increase (p>0.05) in the levels of phosphorus in all groups of post menopausal women. Analyses of electrolytes have been explained a significant elevation (p<0.05) of the sodium and non significant difference (p>0.05) of the potassium in all groups of postmenopausal women.The present study involved determination specific and essential trace elements, Levels of copper explained a significant decrease (p<0.05) in all age groups associated with a significant increase (p<0.05) of zinc levels in postmenopausal women. Inversly, Values of magnesium were insignificantly different (p>0.05) in all age groups of postmenopausal women. The present study selects specific parameters to explaine oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Levels of malondeheyds were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in all groups of postmenopausal women, and correlated negatively (r= - 0.102) with level of estrogen. Values of reduced glutathione showed a significant decrease (0.05) in postmenopausal women and correlated positively (r=0.64) with the estrogen hormone. Analyses of antioxidants enzymes have been showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the activity of catalase enzymes of all groups of postmenopause. Also, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly decrease (p<0.05) in postmenopausal women and its correlation coefficient was r=0.263. In conclusion, changes summarized above may be attributed to deficiency of estradiol hormone in postmenopausal women which resulting in different physiological disturbances and these changes become aggravated and exacerbated because of oxidative stress occurring in decrease of estradiol hormones.

استخلاص وتوصيف المنشط السطحي الحيوي Rhamnolipid من بكتيريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من بعض الحالات السريرية والبيئية == Extraction And Identification of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant From Pesudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates From Clinical And Environmental Cases A Thesis Submitted

اسم المؤلف: مها هاني توفيق الخزرجي
اسم المشرف: ندى صباح رزوقي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث الى التعرف على فاعلية التدريس باستراتيجية التعلم بالتعاقد في تحصيل مادة علم الاحياء لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط وتفكيرهم الابداعي. وللتحقق من ذلك تم صياغة الفرضيتين الصفريتين الاتيتين : 1 - لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (05.0) بين مت | 50 isolates of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained from 201 clinical samples were distributed between Burn Specialist Hospital and teaching laboratories from patients with burns, infected wounds, middle ear infection, urinary tract infection and respiratory tract infection for a period from 1st February till 1st May. And we obtained 50 bacterial isolates from 20 samples from contaminated and non - contaminated soils were distributed different areas of Baghdad for a period of 1st May 2013 till 1st August.Number of cultural microscopically, biochemical and sensitivity to antibiotics tests had been, than diagnosis was confirmed by API20E system.These isolates was tested for ability to production of biosurfactants (rhamnolipid) by haemolysis, oil spreasding test, calculate value of emulisification factor (E24) and measuring surface tension for liquid media. Tow isolates (PS42 and PP8) had been selected, first one was from soil samples and other was from pathological samples because of they have highest productivity, haemolysis ability, oil spreading, highest emulisification factor value and highest in lowering surface tension, there for these tow isolates selected for study their inhibitory activity against types of bacteria. The rhamnolipid was extracted from tow isolates P. aeruginosa PP8 and P. aeruginosa PS42 by using mixture of solvents as was obtained 15.45 g and 18.25 g per liter of each of the PP8 and PS42 respectively. The rhamnolipid was diagnosed by thin layer chromatography technology (TLC) and high - performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that tow bacteria produced three types of rhamnolipids (mono - , di - rhamnolipid and rhamnolipid A). The rhamonlipid efficiency was tested for inhibitory activity against bacteria by measuring diameter of inhibitory zone surrounding holes and discs. The inhibitory activity was high against Bacillus cersus bacteria followed by P. aeruginosa, than Staphylococcus aeraus and the lowest one was E. colli. The inhibitory activity for biosurfactant was approached to inhibitory activity for industrial surfactants. Also in this study has been determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value for biosurfactants and the results varied depending on different types of biosurfactants and type of bacteria and the lowest values for MIC and MBC of biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa PS42 on growth of B. cereus and reached to 16.It was first time at local level for testing inhibitory activity of biosurfactant against pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and P. aeruginosa which was studied in vivo (injuried skin) after introduction these pathogens experimentally into laboratory mice with clinical symptoms appeared in injured skin after 48 hours and then treated mice groups with of 30 mg \ ml concentration of biosurfactants produced from isolates of bacterial (P. aeruginosa PP8 and P. aeruginosa PS42), resulted in a decrease in the time required for healing as found from the results obtained by the different length of period needed for healing (depending on the nature of injury and type of microorganism that causes injury).The mice had been recovered after 5 days when used biosurfactant at concentration 30 mg/ml produced P. aeruginosa PS42 followed by mice recovered after 6 days when used biosurfactants 30 mg/ml produced by P. aeruginosa PP8 in comparison with control group which recovered after 12 days for mice infected with S. aureus. In mice infected with P. aeruginosa recovered after 10 days when used biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa PS42 at concentration 30mg/ml and followed by mice recovered after 12 days when used biosurfactant produced by P. aeruginosa PP8 at concentration 30mg/ml in comparison with control group which recovered after 17 days.

تاثير اضافة الكالسيوم للتربة والرش بالبورون في صفات نمو وحاصل الحنطة Triticum aestivum L == Effect of Added Calcium For The Soil And Spray With Boron In Growth And Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

اسم المؤلف: خمائل علي كريم
اسم المشرف: محمود شاكر رشيد الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في المشتل التابع لمديرية زراعة محافظة ديالى للموسم الشتوي 2012 - 2013 وذلك لدراسة تاثير تراكيز مختلفة من البورون(0, 10, 20, 30, 40 ppm) والكالسيوم(0, 50, 100, 150, 200غم)والتداخل بينهما, بدراسة بعض المعالم المظهرية والفسلجية كارتفاع النب | This experiment did in the nursery which followed for the Diyala Directorate of agricultural in winter season 2012 - 2013, that to study the effectives of different concentrations from Boron (40, 30, 20, 10, 0 ppm ) and Calcium(200, 150, 100, 50, 0) and the interior between them, by using some of appearances and felsitic as a plant arise. The leaf's area ear's length, the greenGather of the dry weight, the contain of the plant with chlorophyll, protein carbohydrate, elements, grain's weight, Brolin. This results cleared that improvement in plant's rising. The leaf's area, ear's length, dry weight, chlorophyllProtein, grain's weight when adding the Boron in concentrations (ppm 10)The rate of increasing(%5.1, 19.7, 47.2, 11.0, 9.7, 44.3, 65) for the specification above. on a continually comparative with controlling equal. But some specifications was reduced above in Comparative (ppm40) the rate of decrease(%2.9, 13.5, 22.1, 6.7, 5.4, 22.6, 39.9) on a continually, byAdding Calcium increased each of plant's rises, The leaf's area, ear's length, dryWeight, chlorophyll, protein and grain's weight in concentrations (50) theIncreasing rate is(%5.6, 17.6, 43.4, 12.1, 10.0, 41.7, 62.9) for the specification above comparative with controllingtreatment, but the specifications reduced in concentrations(200).The rateof reducing is(%2.6, 12.8, 27.5, 6.1, 5.3, 26.5, 45.3).So noticed the Positives increased in contains ofCarbohydrate, prolin, and content of elements that a highest rate of concentrations(200, 150) about the effective of interior that reached a highest rate in level(ppm Bo, 10+Ca 150) so as(ppm Bo 30+ Ca150).

دراسـة تصنيفية للجـنـس Rhagadiolus Scop. (Compositae) في العراق == A Systematic Study of The Genus Rhagadiolus Scop. (Compositae) In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: اوراس عبد السيد مهدي الحسيني
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة الحالية دراسة اربعة انواع للجنس Rhagadiolus Scop. في العراق دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة شملت الصفات المظهرية والتشريحية وحبوب اللقاح والبيئة والتوزيع الجغرافي للانواع اضافة الى التصنيف العددي.شملت الدراسة المظهرية صفات الجذور والسيقان والاوراق وا | The genus Rhagadiolus Scop. in Iraq has been systematically studied. Work involving comparative morphology, anatomy, palynology, ecology & geographical distribution and numerical taxonomy has been presented. The morphological study includes studying the characters of root, stems, leaves, inflorescences, phyllaries, flowers, and fruits in addition to indumentums. It has been clear that the characters of stems, leaves, involucres bracts and fruits have a taxonomic importance.Also it has studied some of the micro morphological characters and their taxonomic importances were assessed.The present study showed that the pollen grains of all species were found to be tricolporate with echinate surface & of little taxonomic value. This study also includes characters of the epidermal leaf and stems, indumentums, venation and transverse section of stems and leaves discussion were also included, the taxonomic importance of each character & its variation, it is shown that these characters have an importance assessing morphological characters to isolate these species.Data obtained from herbarium specimens, literature and trips was utilized to elucidate the ecology of the species. Maps of geographical distribution were prepared for all species studied. It has been shown that R.angulosus was the most widely distributed species in the country. The species under current study were numerically treated ; dendrograms and polygonal graphs were drawn for the species of the genus. In conclusion (4) species of the genus Rhagadiolus : R.angulosus, R.edulis, R.hamosus and R.stellatus were recognized for Iraq, taxonomic treatment has been carried out for all Rhagadiolus species and key was designed for them too.

عوامل الخطورة لطفرات الجينين CBS وMTHFR لقبل الارتعاج لدى النساء الحوامل في النجف == Risk Factors of CBS And MTHFR Gene Mutation For Preeclampsia In Pregnant Women In Al - Najaf

اسم المؤلف: زهراء سامي رزاق النجار
اسم المشرف: ظافرة جعفر عبد علي الفتلاوي | ماجد كاظم حسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد الاصابة بقبل الارتعاجPre - eclampsia من الاعتلالات الخطيرة التي قد تظهر في الثلث الثالث من مدة الحمل اذ تتصف هذه الاصابة بارتفاع ضغط الدم وظهور بروتين الالبومين في الادرار. وقد ظلت اسباب نشوء هذه الحالة غير واضحة المعالم, اذ اعزيت بعض من اسبابها الى ا | Preeclampsia is considered as one of the serious complication in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is associated with hypertension and proteinuria. The causes of preeclamptic are still not well understood. Evidences suggested the involvement of metabolic related mutations in the disease. In the current study, the genetic mutations of CBS and MTHFR genes are studied as markers for the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Sixty preeclamptic pregnant women and forty healthy pregnant women as control group diagnosed by the physicians at Azzahra Teaching hospital for obstetrics &pediatrics in Najaf province from December 2012 to August 2013 The poly merase chain reactions technique was used to evaluate the incidence and frequency of C?S &MTHFR mutations. A questionnaire was conducted to obtain the information of the patients and the control group. Genetic mutation were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and agaros gel electrophoresis. The information indicated that the age of pregnant women, gestation age, previous history of the patients, family history and parity are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The results of the present study of preeclampsia showed a significant increase (P ? 0.01) in patients (25 - 34) years old when compared with the other group. where the results found a significant increase (P <0.01) of Preeclampsia occurred during (33 - 39) weeks of pregnancy. And in the patients with previous history for preeclampsia there was significant increase (P<0.001) compared with healthy pregnants. Pregnants with preeclampsia in the family history showed significant increase (P< 0.01) as for women pregnant for the first time showed and significant (P<0.01) and constituted 8% pregnanst with preeclampsia who had diabetes mellitus. The extraction and quantification of cell free fetal DNA (cff DNA) revealed a significant (P<0.0001)increase in preeclamptic patients when compared with those of healthy pregnant women. It is confirmed by the use of an internal negative control through the monitoring of SRY gene (Y chromosome gene) amplification that the gene belong to the infant and 40 pregnant woman were followed up till the labor. Thus, 9 of them had delivered males, while 30 had delivered females. The wild type SRY gene band was obtained clearly from those of male delivery, but not from those of female delivery. Mutations of C?S gene were analyzed by theuse a primer intended to amplify a fragment of171 bp.The rate of mutation was found to be 51.7% and 5% in preeclamptic patients and healthy pregnant women respectively and Odd Ratio=20.31, P value=10 - 7. The C677T mutation of MTHFR gene was verified by the use of a primer designed to amplify a fragment of 198bp. The prevalence of mutation was indicated to be 68.3% and 17.5% in the preeclamptic patients and healthy pregnant women respectively and Odd Ratio =10.17, Pvalue =6.2*10 - 7. Results demonstrated the wide involvement of C?S and MTHFR gene mutation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, but they are no crucial for the development of the disease. In addition there are so many factors thatmay be involved in such development.

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية لاصابات اللشمانيا في عينة المرضى العراقيين == Study of Some Immunological Aspects of Leishmaniasis In Sample of Iraqi Patient

اسم المؤلف: مرتضى قيس علي العامري
اسم المشرف: انوار ادريس سليمان العساف
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - المناعة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was carried on 145 patients infected with leishmaniasis including; 75 with CL, 70 with VL, attending Al - Karama Teaching Hospital, Central Public Health Laboratory and Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital, during the period October 2013 to February 2014 were enrolled in this study, in addition to 30 healthy control collected from the National Center for blood donation for the same age groups for a group of patients. No clinical autoimmune manifestations such as arthralgia or cutaneous vasculitis were reported in any patients. Based on direct skin smear examination and serum samples analysis, the patients were distributed into two clinical groups : 30 patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis and 30 patients suffering from visceral leishmaniasis patients.The presented study aimed to confirmation of diagnosis cutaneous leishmaniasis depending on direct skin smear and visceral leishmaniasis based on indirect immunofluorescent assay test IFAT, then investigate the association of IgG autoantibodies against some antigens, especially : nuclear antigens, like : ds - DNA, nucleosome, histones, SmD1, PCNA, ribosomal P0, SS - A/Ro60kD, SS - A/Ro52kD, SS - B/La, CENP - B, Scl70, U1 - snRNP, AMA M2, Jo1, PM - Scl, Mi - 2, Ku and against cardiolipin, in order to correlate the types of diseases presentation (cutaneous or visceral) with the presence of these autoantibodies in a sample of Iraqi patients.The study was reached to the following results : 1. The direct microscopically examination of skin smear in CL patients, showed positive results in 30 cases (40.0%) compared to 45 cases (60.0%) negative results, and was a significant difference at the level of (P?0.05).2. The anti - leishmanial antibodies by Indirect immunofluorescent assay test in VL patients, showed positive results in 30 cases (42.9%) compared to 45 cases (57.1%) negative results, and was a highly significant difference at the level of (P? 0.01).3. The age groups most affected in CL were 16 to 40 years, with high significant differences at the level of (P? 0.01) were observed when compared with the other age groups. As for patients with VL, who aged between 3 months to 9 years, they showed variable significant differences between age groups in female while there were no significant differences in male at the level of (P?0.01). The majority of patients were aged 3 to 4 years and they represent 9 (30.0%). The study result showed 16 CL patients (53.3%) have only one lesion, while 11 patients (36.7%) have 2 to 9 lesions and only 3 cases (10%) have ? 10 lesions in different sites of their bodies. There were elevated high significant differences at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the groups. And 21 cases (70%) have infected for ? two months, and the remaining 9 cases get their infection for > 2 months duration. There were increased high significant differences observed at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the groups. Dry lesions recorded superiority in 20 (66.7%) of the CL cases, and other 10 (33.3%) have been diagnosed as a wet lesions. There were elevated high significant differences observed at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the two types of the lesion. And The upper limbs were the dominant site of lesions in the CL cases, 15 (39.4%) of the cases had their lesions in one or both hands, followed by the lower limbs in 11 (29.0%) cases and the less frequent site of infection was the face in only 4 (10.5%) cases and 8 (21.0%) cases common lesions. The results showed obvious high significant differences at (P? 0.01) between the groups.4. For the tests of the autoantibodies, the anti - ds - DNA antibody was positive only in one patients (3.3%) with CL of the total (30) patients, while tests of the rest 29 (96.7%) were negative, while in VL of the total (30) patients, 9 patients (30.3%) were positive and 21 (70.0%) were negative. The anti - ds - DNA in leishmaniasis patients were highly significant at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the study groups. As for the anti - nucleosomes antibodies, it was positive in 5 patients (16.7%) and negative in 25 (83.3%) among patients in CL, while in VL patients, 16 patients (% 53.3) registered positive and 14 (46.7%) their result werenegative, the anti - nucleosomes antibodies in leishmaniasis patients were highly significant at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the groups study. No score was recorded for anti - SmD1antibodies in CL patients, no one was positive 0 (0.0%) and all the 30 patients (100.0%) gave negative result for this antibody, while in patients with VL, the result showed 4 patients (13.3%) gave positive and 26 patients (86.7%) were negative, the anti - SmD1antibodies in leishmaniasis patients was significantly different at the level of (P?0.05) when compared between the groups. While the anti - SSA/Ro60kD and anti - SSA/Ro52kD, in VL patients, 9 patients (30.0%) scored positive results and 21 of the patients (70.0%) were tested negative for anti - SS - A/Ro60kD, but 7 patients (23.3%) were positive and 23 of the patients (76.7%) were tested negative for anti - SS - A/Ro52kD. While in patients with CL, no one scored positive (0.00%) and 30 of the patients (100.0%) were negative for anti - SS - A/Ro60kD, whereas one patient (3.3%) gave a positive result and 29 of the patients (96.7%) were negative for anti - SS - A/Ro52kD. About anti - SS - B/La we found that 19 of the patients (63.3%) were scored positive result for this antibody in addition to 11 patients (36.7%) who were negative in VL patients and 4 of the patients (13.3%) have those antibodies and 26 of the patients (86.7%) haven’t these antibodies in CL patients respectively. The anti - SS - A/Ro60kD, anti - SS - A/Ro52kD and anti - SS - B/La in leishmaniasis patients were highly significantly different at the level of (P?0.01), when compared between studied groups.5. VL cases showed a significantly different distribution of anti - nuclear antibodies (ANA) in compare with CL cases, especially; in Anti - Ku antibodies 24 (80%), anti - Mi - 2 antibodies 21 (70%) and anti - SS - B/La antibodies 19 (63.3%) respectively.6. The results of anti - nuclear antibodies level in patients with leishmaniasis like; anti - ds DNA, anti - nucleosome, anti - SmD1, anti - PCNA, anti - SS - A/RO 60, anti - SS - A/RO 52, anti - CNP - B were in high significantly different at the level of (P?0.01) and level (P?0.05) when compared between the groups, while the other autoantibodies like; anti - histone, anti - ribosomal P0, anti - Sc170, anti - U1 - snRNP, anti - AMA M2, anti - J0 - 1 and anti - PM - Sc1 showed no significant differences (P?0.01) between the investigated groups.7. The mean value of anti - cardiolipin IgG antibodies was increased substantially with highly significantly differences (P?0.01) in VL patients as compared with control group (8.123 vs. 1.959), also as compared with CL patients (8.123 vs. 2.402).

تاثير بعضز الظروف البيئية على النظام الدفاعي المضاد للتاكسد خارج الخلوي لدى المدخنين والعاملين في مجال اللحام والاشعاع == Effect of Some Environmental Conditions On The Extra - Cellular Defense System Among Smokers And Workers In The Field of Radiation And Welding

اسم المؤلف: معد رشيد مطلك الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: مازن رزوقي محمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد ظاهرة الاجهاد التاكسدي من اهم الميكانيكيات المحتملة لاحداث الضرر في النظام الحيوي عند التعرض لانواع مختلفة من المؤثرات والعوامل البيئية، ولذا تكون الانظمة المضادة للتاكسد هي اول من يتاثر بالزيادة الحاصلة في تكوين الجذور الفعالة المؤكسدة. لذلك تهدف هذ | The phenomenon of excessive oxidation considered the most important mechanism that cause potential damage to vital system when exposed to different forms of environmental factors, so anti - oxidants systems are the first to be affected by the increase formation of oxidizing radicals. For this reason, This study aims to determine the extent of the effect of some environmental conditions on the Extra - cellular antioxidant system, determine the most affected part in this system, study the correlation of this damage with other variable and to identify the natural values of different antioxidant system components. The study was carried out in the district of Baquba city, capital of Diyala province during the period from 10 October 2013 to 1 May 2014, the study group included (160) individual divided into four group (40) persons working in the field of welding, (40) persons workers in the radiation and (40) persons smokers and compared with (40) healthy people (the control group), all individual included in this study were male with age rang (25 - 45 years).Requested blood samples were taken for laboratory testes including complete blood count, and measurement of the following biochemical parameters, total serum protein, serum albumin, serum zinc, serum copper, serum iron, serum glutathione and malondialdehyde. The results of the laboratory test elicited that, the most common abnormalities in this study were the presence of low level of glutathione zinc, and copper in individual in all three study group in compare with controlled group and the differences were statistically significant(p value<0.05, <0.001, <0.01 respectively), also low level of iron in radiation group in compare with controlled groups and the differences were statistically significant(p value<0.01), and low level of proteins and albumin in smoking group in compare with controlled group and the differences were statistically significant(p value<0.01).also results of the current study revealed increased in the level malondialdehyde (MDA) in all three study groups in compare with controlled group and the differences were statically significant (p value<0.01). and increased levels of protein and albumin in the radiation and welder group in compare with controlled groups and the differences were statistically significant(p value<0.05) and increased in the level of iron in welder and smokers compare with control group and the differences were statistically significant (p value<0.001). The results of other laboratory test which include the complete blood count show High levels of white blood cells in all study groups compare with control group and the differences were statically significant (p value<0.001), and High levels of neutrophil and lymphocyte in welder and radiation group compare with control group and the differences were statically significant (p value<0.001). Results of the current study also showed increased levels of hematocrit, and red blood cells count and platelets count in a smokers group compare with control group and the differences were statically significant (p value<0.01).also there is increased in red blood cells count in radiation group in compare with controlled group (p value<0.05) , and decreased in platelets count in radiation group in compared with controlled group (p value<0.05).

تاثير المعاملة ببعض مبيدات الافات والمواد الكيمياوية في نمو الفطرين Alternaria tenuissima وFusarium oxysporum المرافقة لبذور وجذور الحنطة Triticum aestiumn == Effect of Some Pesticides And Chemicals In The Growth of Fungi Alternaria Tenuissima And Fusarium Oxysporum Associated With The Seeds And Roots of Wheat (Triticum Aestiumn)

اسم المؤلف: مهند جاسم حمود
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير سمير سعدون
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اذ تم في هذه الدراسة عزل عدة انواع من الفطريات المرافقة لجذور وبذور الحنطة تموز 2 مصدق 1وتم تشخيص تسعة انواع من الفطريات المرافقة للبذور وبنسب تردد مختلفة وهذه الانواع هي Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum , Alternaria tenuissima, Rhizopus stotanifer | As it was in this study to isolate several types of fungi associated with the roots and seeds of wheat July 2 certified 1 was diagnosed nine types of fungi associated with seeds and different frequency rates and these types areAspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Alternaria tenuissima, Rhizopus stotanifer P. digitatum, Fusarium oxysporum, A.flavus, Fusarium solani, A. alternata. Was diagnosed nine types of fungi isolated from the roots of wheat and the surrounding soil and different frequency rates and these types. A. alternata, A. niger, R. stolanifer, Mucor sp., Trichoderma hazianum, P. notatum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Alternaria tenuissima. Testing was diagnosed two fungal species tested using a technique monomer chain reaction PCR. These species are fungal Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria tenuissima. This study tested the effect of pesticides is a fungal pesticide jungles Granstar and insecticide Wide. The transactions chemical which urea and NaCl in the growth of some fungi isolated from the seeds and roots of wheat as it has been test the effect of different treatments and their interaction in the germination of seeds of wheat on the filter paper and compare nets comparison innate Elsa (Carbendazim) and underwent tests the effects of different treatments and their interaction in radial growth and dry weight of the two types of fungi isolated in the germination of their spores and bacterial length of the tube, as well as test the effect of transactions and their interaction in the germination of seeds in the soil sterile and non - sterile. The results showed that the use of urea and sodium chloride concentration of 15 mg / mL in the treatment of seeds of wheat led to increased germination of these seeds and the impact of a negative in some types of pathogenic fungi associated with them as well as the use of pesticides other than fungal pesticide jungles Granstar and insecticide Wide negative effect also in the vitality Activity and fungi.germination The results showed the existence of significant effects on rates of seeds treated with pesticides and salts on the filter paper analogy transactions comparison since given concentration 15 mg / 10 mL of pesticides and 15 mg / ml of salt are high in the germination of the seed treatment, which exceeded ratios germination of seeds of wheat treatment urea fertilizer treatment fungicide Elsa. As rate ratios germination of wheat seed treatment with urea 96.66%, while the rate ratios germination of seeds of wheat pesticide Elsa 93.33%, followed by treatment of pesticide Wide as rate ratios germination 83.33% and 80.00% for wheat seed when the focus 15 mg / ml of sodium chloride salt treatment, and after treatment Karan Star as the rate of germination rates of seeds of wheat 73.33%. The results showed the existence of significant effects in increasing the proportion of seed germination treatment with pesticides and salts in the soil sterile and non - sterile as it gave the Focus 15 mg / 10 mL of pesticides and 15 mg / ml of salts highest rates of germination of these seeds came these results are compatible with the results of seed germination in the filter paper. The results show that as well as the individual transactions were more influential than the transactions overlap in radial growth and dry weight of fungi testers and their spores germination rates and lengths of germ tubes, as growth rates of radiographic Fungi F. oxysporum and A. tenuissima in the treatment of a mixture Wide and Granstar 11.44, 8.55 mm, respectively, while the rates of diameters of the colonies for the treatment of urea pesticide Wide 33.66 and 26.66 mm, while the pesticide mixture Wide treatment with sodium chloride amounted to 37.00 and 15.00 mm, in while rates were diameters of colonies for the treatment of a mixture Granstar with sodium chloride, 52.66 and 25.00 mm, and the growth rates were radiography for the treatment of pesticide Granstar with urea 25.00 and 11.66 mm, and the growth rates for the treatment of sodium chloride with urea 31.24 and 37.33 mm, compared with the fungicide Elsa, which amounted to the radial growth rates of 8.55 - 11.44 mm Fungi testers respectively.

تقويم صفة تحمل بعض اصناف البطاطا المكثرة نسيجيا للجفاف على المستوى الجزيئي == Evaluation of Some Potato Varieties Grown In Vitro To Drought Tolerance At The Molecular Level

اسم المؤلف: هوازن حليم صالح
اسم المشرف: علي عبد الامير مهدي الصالحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: درست استجابة اربعة اصناف من البطاطا Solanum tuberosum L. وهي (Lusa, Ambo, Arizona, Riviera)، استجابتها للزراعة النسيجية، وتقييم صفة تحمل الجفاف، كما اجريت التحاليل الجزيئية لتحديد البصمة الوراثية لها.اوضحت نتائج تجربة اختبار استجابة الزراعة النسيجية، ان ا | Four varieties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Lusa, Ambo, Arizona and Riviera) were studied for their response to tissue culture and evaluation of the treatment of drought tolerance and molecular analysis. Results showed that the varieties differ in their response to growth, where as Arizona was the best variety in shoot tip culture and the survival percent (100%) and gave the highest average of branch length and number of leaves which were 9.810 cm, 8.100 leaf/ plant, while Riviera showed lower rate of survival and growth (40%). Riviera was excluded from the experiments. Cytokines and auxins were used in the following concentrations Kinetin (kin) with 2, 4 mg/L and Benzel adenine (BA) with interacted with Indoleacetic acid (IAA) at 1 or 2 mg/l or Napthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L in multiplication experiment. Arizona variety exhibited the highest length shoot, number of nods, number of leaves, root length, dry weight of roots, fresh and dry weights of shoots when using kinetin 2mg/L; interacted with NAA at 0.5 mg/L. while it showed a significant increase in the average of branches number, stem height, fresh and dry weights of shoot as well as the number of roots after treatment with using BA at 1 mg/L in combination with 0.5 mg/L (IAA). Drought tolerance of the studied varieties was studied by using Poly Ethlene Glycol (PEG) at the concentrations 20, 40, 60, 70, or 80 g/l. It showed that proline content was at its highest in Ambo variety reached 22.811 ? /g at the concentration 80 gm/L PEG. Arizona gave the highest mean in number of branches, number of nods, number of leaves, number of roots, under water stress conditions when the medium was supplemental with 20 mg/L PEG. Molecular analysis the studied varieties was conducted by using 6 primers. Results showed that the inheritance approximation between them, 0.314, 0.297, 0.273 for Lusa, Ambo and Arizona respectively. These results indicate that Rivera variety is genetically different from the others.

الكشف الجزيئي عن بكتريا Oxalobacter formigenes باستخدام جينات 16SrRNA، oxc في البراز من اشخاص اصحاء == Molecular Identification of Oxalobacter Formigenes Bacteria Based On 16S rRNA, Oxc Genes In Stool Samples Healthy Subjects

اسم المؤلف: طارق طلال خلف
اسم المشرف: زهرة محمود الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: بكتريا Oxalobacter formigenes من مكونات المكنون البشري الميكروبي، تتغذى على الاوكزالات السامة وبذا تخلص الجسم منها. البكتريا سالبة لصبغة كرام، ولا تكون الابواغ ولاهوائية المعيشة، ويمكن عزلها من الغائط البشري، ولدراسة البكتريا من النواحي الجزيئية، تم جمع ع | Oxalobacter formigenes is one of the human microbiome, uses the toxic oxalate for their growth (Oxalotroph), and helps the body to get rid of excess oxalate. The bacterium is Gram negative, non - spore former, obligate anaerobe, and can be isolated from human stool.To carry out molecular studies on this bacterium, 50 samples of human stool were collected from subjects with wide range of ages (3 - 63 years) and different genders, subjects were healthy and have no medications and especially antibiotics for at least for 3 months. Genomic DNA was extracted with special kit, to amplify certain housekeeping genes, these are 16S rRNA (3' end) segment having the anti - Shine - Dalgarno sequence (ASD), and the oxc gene responsible for production of oxalyl - CoA decarboxylase (middle region responsible for active site at where the Thiamin pyrophosphate binds, the enzyme co - factor). It was possible to amplify the 16S rRNA gene in 46 sample out of 50 (92%), and 7 samples out of 50 (14%) for oxc gene. Analysis and alignments of 16S rRNA sequences put the Iraqi samples in the O. formigenes i.e., the same species depending on Distance Score of alignments, it has been found that ASD of bacteria is conserved and represented by the sequence " 5' CGCGGUGAACGUUCCCGGG3' " in the studied samples and in strains found in the International Databases. Segment of oxc (~ 600 bp) translated into proteins (190 - 194 amino acids) were aligned with oxc protein of O. formigenes (M77128) reference strain, it has been found that this segment similar to the TPP binding site and characterized by its high hydrophobicity

المراتب التصنيفية للنباتات البرية من ذوات الفلقتين في منطقة صدور - ديالى == Wild Dicots Plant Taxa of Sudoor - Diyala Province

اسم المؤلف: نسرين صبار هاشم حسين المهداوي
اسم المشرف: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي | وسام مالك داود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study examined the current survey of the vascular plants of dicotyledon wild during the study period (2013 - 2012) In the area of Sudoor - Diyala, the study was based on the 774 samples of plants with their duplicates as collected by The Researcher. All of these collections have been cacched in the Iraqi herbariums. To be specific there are 186 species which relate to 133 genus and 43 families. All these, have been scientifically classified with thier local and common Iraqi or arabic names.Besides, their duration and economic importance (medical, toxic, nutritional or forage, artificial, harmful, aromatic, ornamental, fuel plants or other uses). Moreover, their geographical distribution in the districts of Iraq and thier geographical existence in neighboring countries to Iraq (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Turkey, Iran, Syria and Jordan) , and the study results statistics have shown that the vast majority of the collected species are Herbal Plants totalling 164 species out of 179 species in all.This, in fact, can be ascribed to the impossibility of txonomizing 7 plants species for the incapacity to obtain their flowers or fruits. As for the shrub species it amounts to 13 species where as the number of woody species of trees is 2 only. As for the economic plants and their significance, let s mention the fact that the number of plants used as forage amounts to 86 species, the medical plants are 83 species, the toxic plants fall into 43 species, the ornamental plants are 23 species, the industrial plants are 14 species, the weed plants are 11 species, the aromatic plants are of 6 species, and the plants used as fuel are of 4 species. It also appears that the majority of the plant in the area of study is widespread in the various districts of Iraq, i.e. the number of such plants amounts to 110 species, however, there are plants of medium spread in the districts of Iraq, i.e. the number of such plants amountsto 54 species.There still are some plants whose geographic distribution has no been identified in the districts of Iraq and their number is 15 species, and as for their geographic extension into the neighboring Countries, these plants amount to 116 species in Saudi Arabia, 84 species in Turkey, 81 species in Iran, 79 species in Kuwait, 69 species in Syria and 26 species in Jordan. Furthermore, the species of plants collected perviously and have not been found during the period of study amount to 32 species and these relate to 13 families.The shrinkage of the vegetation cover in the area of Sudoor is attributed mainly to the drought conditions and the wind soil erosion which the area has undergone in the previous years. Besides, there are some other reasons including the overgrazing, the expansion of agriculture and the unstudied projects of construction, which have resulted in the disappearance of natural plants in the area.

تاثير الاجهاد المائي والسماد الورقي والمخصب العضوي في نمو نبات حلق السبع الشجيري Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees ومحتواه من بعض المواد الفعالة وفعاليتها المضادة في بعض بكتريا تسوس الاسنان == Effect of Water Stress, Foliar And Organic Fertilizers On Growth of Adhatoda Vasica) L.(Nees. And Its Content of Some Active Ingredients And Inhibition Activity of Some Dental Caries Bacteria

اسم المؤلف: ليث سريع الركابي
اسم المشرف: ثامر خضير مرزة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted in Biology Department - College of Science - University of Al - Qadisiya that included pot experiment from the period of 1/4 to 1/8/2013, to assess the effect of water stress, foliar fertilizer (Foltron) and organic fertilizer (Azomin) on growth of Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees and Its Content of Some Active Ingredients. Laboratory experiments were also done from the period of 1/8 to 1/3/2014, to determine the activity of leaves and roots extracts that resulted from plants of pots treatments to inhibit growth of some bacteria genera causing Dental Caries i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pneumonia.A pot experiment included seventy two transplants (age of one month and 8 cm height) that were transplanted in plastic pots (one transplant per pot) in 1/4/2013. Pots were filled with sandy soil and peatmose 2 : 1 v/v. Plants Irrigated with two levels 50 and 25% of field capacity. Foliar fertilizer was used at three concentrations of 0, 3 and 6 ml/L that sprayed twice on plant shoot till complete wetness during 15/4 and 1/6/2014. Organic fertilizer was also used with irrigation water at three concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 ml/L twice on 1/5 and 15/6/2014. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement (2×3×3) with four replications per each treatment. Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) was used to compare treatment means at probability 0.05 level when treatment effect was significant.Results of pots experiment were as follows : 1 - Increasing water stress level caused a significant decrease in the most characteristics of vegetative and root growth except for stem internode and root lengths, while increasing in concentration of foliar and organic fertilizer gave the opposite effect of water stress.2 - Water stress caused a significant decrease in leaves content of total chlorophyll and nutrient elements N, P, K, Mg and protein percentage, while foliar and organic fertilizer caused a significant increase on the above characteristics.3 - Water stress caused a significant increase in proline percentage and Vit.C. and Vasicine and Vasicinone alkaloids, while foliar and organic fertilizer caused a significant decrease in proline percentage and Vit.C. and a significant increase in Vasicine and Vasicinone alkaloids.4 - The treatment of plants that were subjected to the water stress via foliar or root fertilizing or both of them caused a significant increase for most of vegetative and root growth characteristics, total chlorophyll, nutrient elements, protein percentage and Vasicine and Vasicinone alkaloids.5 - The treatment of plants that were underwent to the water stress via foliar and root fertilizing caused a significant decrease in proline percentage, Vit.C. and stem internode and root lengths.6 - The interaction of the three studied factors gave a significant positive effect to rise alkaloids of plant.Laboratory experiments included picking fresh leaves and root of plants that dried aerial in a shade, and then extracted it via methanol alcoholic of 70%, it was detected for some chemical components of extract by using reagents. Bacterial genera were isolated from the surfaces of the teeth and cultured on the growth media, and it was diagnosed by the Vitek Compact 2 System Diagnosis. The activity test involved the impact of the alcohol extract for leaves and roots to the inhibition of bacterial growth by the agar well diffusion method on Muller - Hinton.The design of the experiment was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in a factorial arrangement (18×3) with three replications per each treatment. Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) was used to compare treatment means at probability 0.01 level when treatment effect was significant.Results of laboratory experiment were as follow : 1 - Increasing extracts concentration caused a significant increase in growth inhibition of the studied bacterial genera.2 - plants extraction that of the combination of A2B3C3 included (25% water stress, 6 ml/L foliar fertilizer and 8 ml/L organic fertilizer) gave the highest activated inhibition for bacterial genera compared with plant other extraction for all tested bacterial genera.3 - The plants extracted that treated by combination A2B3C3 in concentration 150 mg/ml gave higher activated inhibition for Streptococcus pneumonia reached 25.307 ml compared with Amoxicillin that reached 36.167 ml, while the inhibited extracted root reached for the same treatment 16.060 ml (Table 37 and 38).4 - Plants leaf extract was the highest effective inhibition of bacterial compared to the roots extract.

التحري عن طفرة JAK2V617F والمستويات المصلية لانزيمي الفوسفتيز القلوي واللاكتيت ديهايدروجنيز في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي المزمن == Detection of Jak2V617F Mutation And Serum Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase And Lactate Dehydrogenase In Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

اسم المؤلف: استبرق اكرم بيرام الحسيني
اسم المشرف: عصام فاضل علوان الجمیلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد مرض ابيضاض الدم النخاعي المزمن (CML) من الاورام النخاعية التكاثرية، وينشا نتيجة تكون جين Bcr - Abl (الذي يسمى كروموسوم فيلادلفيا) داخل الخلايا الجذعية المكونة للدم. يؤدي هذا الشذوذ الجيني الى تفعيل متواصل لانزيم التايروسين كاينيز وبالتالي نمو وتكاثر غ | Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm arises from Bcr - Abl gene translocation (called Ph chromosome) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This genetic abnormality results in constitutive activation of tyrosine kinase and subsequent uncontrol growth and multiplication of granulocytes. The cornerstone in treatment of CML are tyrosine kinase inhibitors, of which imatinib is the most effectively used. JAK2V617F mutation is an acquired single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) occurs in JAK2 gene and is associated with many hematological malignancy other than CML. It was thought that the two genetic abnormalities (Bcr - Abl and JAK2V617F) occur mutually; however, growing body of evidences suggested the reverse. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of JAK2V617F mutation associated with serum levels of alkaline phophatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Ph+ CML Iraqi patients treated with imatinib. A total of 43 Ph+ CML patients (25 males and 18 females, age range 16 - 80 years) who attend Iraqi National Center of Hematology for Research and Treatment/Baghdad were enrolled in this study. Each patient has been received at least six month therapy with imatinib. A consent form involving age, gender, height, weight, smoking status, residency and first family relative history of leukemia was obtained from each patient. Besides, blood samples were collected, from which the granulocytes were separated and then DNA was extracted using a ready kit. Two assays were used for detection of JAK2V617F mutation; real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using specific primers and probe, and allele specific PCR (AS - PCR) using specific primers. Total white blood corpuscles (WBC) as well as serum levels of ALP and LDH were measured. qPCR assay revealed 5 patients out of 43 (11.62%) were heterozygous for the muatant allele of JAK2V617F mutation (genotype GT). The concentration of this allele ranged from 0.01% to 0.12%. None of blood sample gave positive result for AS - PCR assay. From the all risk factors, only gender had significant association with the incidence of JAK2V617F mutation. Average total WBC count, and serum levels of ALP and LDH were higher in JAK2V617F - positive patients (9042±1512.55, 146.05±8.028 IU/L and 204±10.85 IU/L respectively) than that of JAK2V617F - negative patients (6039±1772.239, 64.45±40.15 IU/L and 178.33±13.693 IU/L respectively) with significant differences. These results indicate that JAK2V617F mutation can occur simultaneously with Ph chromosome in CML patients, and qPCR is a highly sensitive method for the detection of this mutation. Furthermore, serum activity of ALP can be used as an indicator for the presence of JAK2V617F mutation in CML patients.

دراسة بعض الجينات المشفرة لعوامل الضراوة لبكتريا Acinetobacter baumannii المعرزلة من العينات السريرية == Study of Some Virulence Factors Encoded Genes of Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Clinical Samples

اسم المؤلف: عصام محمد طاهر الخويلدي
اسم المشرف: مهدي حسين محيل العمار
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة على300عينة سريريه مختلفة حصل عليها من الجروح والادرار والقشع والدم خلال الفترة من ايلول 2013 الى شباط 2014.منها 102(34%) لا يوجد نمو بينما 198(66%) نمت على وسط زرعي متخصص. شخصت عشرة عزلات من Acinetobacter baumannii من مائة وثمانية وتسعون من | Out of 300 various clinical samples obtained from wounds, urine, sputum, blood through the period from September, 2013 to February, 2014 of which 102 samples(34%) yielded no growth while 198 samples (66%) were positive growth on selective media. Ten isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were identified among one hundred ninety eight of Gram - negative bacteria grown on MacConkey agar that was isolated from different clinical specimens in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf province hospitals. A.baumannii identification depends on morphological, microscopic examination and biochemical tests as the initial identification. Also it was identified by both blood agar containing D - glucose and growth at 44?C. The final identification was performed by Api20E to confirm from all A.baumannii isolates..Distribution of A.baumannii among various clinical specimens where 4 isolates (40%) of wounds specimens and 3(30%) of urine specimens, followed by 2 isolates(20%) and one isolate(10%) of sputum and blood specimens respectively.The virulence factors of A.baumannii were studied, including bioflim formation, adhesion, capsule, hemolysin and protease, beta _lactamases production. The results indicate that 60% of A.baumannii formed the biofilm, 90% of isolates have ability to adhesion to epithelial cell and 70% of isolates was the capsule production, 80% of A.baumannii isolates able to produces beta _lactamases while all A.baumannii isolates cannot produce of both hemolysin and protease.The results showed variation in the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics where all A.baumannii isolates 100% resistance to each of cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, ceftriaxon, piperacillin while 90% resistance toticarcillin - clavulanic acid, 50% resistance to tobramycin and 30% to ciprofloxacin. 20% of all isolates showed resistance to each of amikacin, Doxicycline, imipenem, meropenem.By using Combing Disc Test(CDT) method to detect Extended Spectrum ? - lactamases(ESBLs) and metallo ? - lactamases (MBLs) production.Where 90% of A.baumannii showed ability to produce of ESBLs while only 20% showed ability to MBLs production.The genotypic method was used to detect csuE, ompA genes and also some of ? - lactamases genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaNDM - 1 by using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.The results showed that 60% of all A.baumannii isolates produce phenotypic biofilm and 30% carry csuE gene of all isolates while 50% when compared with isolates that show phenotypic formation of biofilm and the distribution of gene among all clinical specimens where 50 %, 33.3% and 25% in sputum, urine and wounds specimens respectively while not present in blood specimens. The results showed that 40% of all A.baumannii isolates carry ompA gene while 44.4% when compared with isolates that show phenotypic adhesion and the distribution of gene among all clinical specimens where 100%, 50 %, 33.3% and 25% in blood sputum, urine and wounds specimens respectively.The outcomes showed 70 % of A.baumannii isolates carry blaTEM gene and 40% of A.baumannii isolates carry blaSHV gene while none carry of blaNDM - 1gene. When compared with phenotypic results of ESBLs, MBLs.The results of blaTEM, blaSHV genes become 77.7% and 44.4% respectively.

الدور الوقائي لبكتريا البفديس ضد خمج الفئران ببكتريا الاشيريكيا القولونية المنتجة لذيفان الشيكا == The Protective Role of Probiotic Bifidobacterium Against Mice Infection With Shiga Toxin Producing E.Coli O157 : H7

اسم المؤلف: سمر مصطفى محمد
اسم المشرف: شادان عباس الوانداوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Six Bifidobacterum isolates were isolated from fully breast - fed healthy infant faeces on reduced de Man Rogosa and sharp medium (MRS - C). Isolates identified on the basis of, colonial and microscopical properties, biochemical tests, and fructose - 6 - phosphate phosphoketolase enzyme (F6PPK) activity assay in cellular extracts. Carbohydrates fermentation profile used for identification of isolates to species level. All bacterial isolates diagnosed as Bifidobacterium genus where in this study B. adolescntis was the predominant species (50%), (B4, B5 and B6), followed by B. breve (B3), B. longum (B1) and B. dentium (B2) each one represent 16.67%.Bifidobacterium isolates were screened for their antagonistic effects against test organism, clinical isolate of shiga toxin producing E.coli O157 : H7 (STEC), using agar - well diffusion method. The isolates B3 and B6 showed clear inhibitory actions, 22 mm and 15 mm diameter of inhibitions zones, respectively. The rest of the tested isolates did not pronounce any inhibitory activity.B. breve in vivo antagonistic behavior and the possible protective effects against STEC was evaluated, using streptomycin treated murine model. Murine intestines was stably colonized orally with B. breve for 14 days, in conjunction mice were challenged orally with STEC, 103 CFU / mouse / day on day 8 of experiment. Bacterteriological analysis of mice faeces at time intervals, was indicated high levels of bacterial colonization were achieved in intestine by B. breve and STEC.Colonization of mice intestine by B. Breve did not inhibited STEC cells from proliferation during infection phase. Hence, the excretion level of STEC in faeces reached to 2.4 x 10 6 CFU/ g of faeces.STEC infected mice showed no severe clinical signs, characterized by hairloss, lethargy, paralysis of fore limbs, and shed of loose faeces. In the B. breve - colonized group, the mentioned clinical signs were almost completely inhibited, except the lethargic of some animals.Immunological studies showed an increase in the levels of sIgA by 2.7 - fold from that of blood IgA in B. breve - colonized mice while, reversed values were recorded in mice infected with STEC, blood IgA level was 1.95 - fold higher than that of sIgA.Histological changes in spleen, liver, kidney, and intestine tissues of mice were studied. The histological sections clarified the protective roles of B.breve, where no effective histological disorders were appeared in B.breve and STEC - colonized mice. In the STEC - infected mice, the pathological abnormalities within the kidney was the predominant, diagnozed as ulcers in the lining membranes, glomerular and tubular epithelium necrosis, without evidence of glomerular thrombi, mild damages was appeared in liver and spleen, and characteristic attaching and effacing (A / E) lesions appeared in the large intestine sections

تاثير مستخلص بذورالحبة السوداء في امراضية طفيلي المتورقة العملاقة Fasciola gigantica خارج وداخل الجسم الحي == Efficiency of Nigella Sativa Seed Extract In Fasciola Gigantica Parasite In Vivo And In Vitro

اسم المؤلف: شيماء عبد الحسين محمد شلاش
اسم المشرف: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية خلال المدة من شهر تشرين الثاني 2012 ولغاية تشرين الاول 2013لتقييم فعالية المستخلص الكحولي لبذورالحبة السوداء Nigella sativaفي حيوية بيض وبالغات دودة الكبد العملاقة Fasciola gigantica خارج وداخل الجسم الحي. وبواقع ثلاث تراكيـز 20%, 4 | The present study was conducted during the period from November 2012 till October 2013 to evaluate the effectiveness of the alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds on the vitality of eggs and adults liver giant worm Fasciola gigantica In vitro and In vivo in the infected domestic rabbits lepus lepus arabica. Alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds used In vitro at three concentrations 20%, 40%, 60% for each eggs and adults of Fasciola gigantica and In vivo were three doses 200, 400, 600 mg/kg from body weight in the infected rabbits by this parasite. The result of the current study In vitro revealed that the alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds at 60% has been great effects in reducing the percentage of the eggs hatching to 0% and increasing the mortality percentage of the adult worms to 100% when compared with the control groups. So the results of this study showed that there is not significant differences of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds on the blood components of the healthy rabbits at level P<0.05 while in the infected and treated rabbits there are less significant effect when compared with the infected rabbits. In the infected rabbits showed significant increased in numbers of white blood cells from 5.52*109/L in the negative control to 10.41*109/L in the positive control and significant decreased in numbers of red blood cell from 5.51*1012/L to 4.41*1012/L and haematocrit value from 32.21% to (24.71%) and the amount of hemoglobin from 11.43*gm/dl to 8.53* gm/dl.While the ethanol extract of Nigella sativa seeds reduced the number of WBCs and increased the number of RBCs, PCV and the concentration of hemoglobin. Also the results of the current study In vivo showed that the ability of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds at dose 600 mg/kg are more effective in reducing the numbers of Fasciola gigantica worms in the infected and treated rabbits when compared with the infected and untreated rabbits. So the total rate number of worms in the positive control 16.7 while 6.4, 2, 0 for doses 200, 400, 600 mg/kg from body weight respectively. Results of histological study in the experimental infected rabbits revealed that the alcoholic extract is very effective for reducing the histopathological changes in the liver, spleen and kidney which caused by the parasite. And the therapeutic efficiency of these extract in dose 600 mg/kg for organs Liver, Spleen, Kidney are 100%. Concluded from the results of this study that the alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds used in treatment the infection of the F.gigantica worm because its therapeutic efficiency and not any side effects to this extract.
1 ... 86 87 88 89 90 ... 137