عرض: 25 50 75 100 النتائج

نتائج البحث: 25 من أصل 4,128

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاند قاعدة شف جديدة مشتقة من 4 - امينو انتي بايرين ومعقداتها مع بعض الايونات الفلزية ودراسة فعاليتها المضادة للبكتيريا == Synthesis And Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived From 4 - Aminoantipyrine And It'S Complexes With Some Metal Ions And Their Antibacterial Effective Study

اسم المؤلف: هيام هادي علكم
اسم المشرف: ساجد محمود لطيف
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير ليكاند قاعدة شف جديدة (L) ثنائية السن نوع (NO)1,5 - dimethyl - 4 - ( 2 - oxo - 1,2 - diphenyl ethylidene amino) - 2 - phenyl - 1,2dihydropyrazol - 3 - one.وذلك من مفاعلة 4 - aminoantipyriene مع Benzil باستعمال الايثانول وسطا للتفاعل. | This work covers the synthesis and characterization of the new Schiff base bidentate ligand(L) type (NO) 1,5 - dimethyl - 4 - (2 - oxo - 1,2 - diphenylethylidene amino) - 2 - phenyl - 1,2 dihydropyrazol - 3 - oneThe ligand (L) was prepared from reaction of 4 - aminoantipyrine with Benzil under reflux in ethanol solvent. The Ligand Complexes for the metal ions : VO(II) ,Mn(II) , Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) and Hg(II) were prepared. The Ligand and its complexes were characterized by spectral methods [FT - IR , UV - Vis , Atomicabsorption , 1HNMR ] in addition to molar conductivity , Microanalysis (C.H.N) , Magnetic moment effect and melting point and mole ratio Ligand : Metal. From the above data for the ligand and its complexes , we suggested that the ligand (L) behaves as bidentate on complexation with metal ions Via Natom of ( C = N) group and O atom for ( C = O) of pyrazol ring. The suggested molecular formula and geometrical structure are : 1 - Squarepyrimide for [VO(L) (SO4) (H2O) ] 2 - Tetrahedral for [M(L)Cl2]. n H2O M = Zn (II) , n = 1 M = Cd(II) and Hg(II) ; n =0 3 - Octahedral for [M(L)2Cl X ]. Y M = Mn(II) , X = Cl , Y = H2O M = Co(II) , Ni(II) and Cu(II) X = H2O , Y = Cl

التقدير الطيفي لبعض المركبات الفينولية ذوات الاهمية الصيدلانية == Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Phenolic Compounds of Pharmaceutical Importance

اسم المؤلف: زينب طالب عبد الكاظم السلطاني
اسم المشرف: قاسم حسن كاظم
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتضمن الفصل الاول مقدمة عن تفاعلات الازوتة والازدواج واهميتها وتطبيقاتها في تقدير المستحضرات الصيدلانية، وتضمن ايضا عرضا لبعض الاستخدامات الطبية والصيدلانية للمركبات الفينولية الدوائية المدروسة واستعراضا موجزا للطرائق التحليلية المستخدمة في تقدير المرك | The first chapter included a common introduction on diazotization coupling reaction and their applications to the determination of pharmaceutical preparations. It also included a display of some of its pharmaceutical and medical uses. The chapter also demonstrates a brief review for the analytical methods that have been used for the determination of thymol, Sodium salicylate and Resorcinol in pharmaceutical preparations.The second chapter comprises to describe a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of thymol in aqueous solution, based on the coupling of thymol with diazotized 4 - bromo aniline in strong alkaline medium to produce an intense yellow colored ,water - soluble and stable Azo - dye which exhibits maximum absorption at 464nm. Beer’s law was obeyed between 0.6 - 7.2 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity of 3.0284×104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1,average recovery was 100.002%, and RSD was 0.796%, the LOD was 0.04?g.ml - 1 and LOQ was 0.1333?g.ml - 1. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of thymol in pharmaceutical preparations (mouthwashes) and the analytical results were compatible with certified value of pharmaceutical preparations and with a standard method. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of the method was evaluated against a standard method using F and t - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95% confidence level did not exceed the critical values indicating that the present proposed methods have a good accuracy and validity. The third chapter demonstrates the development of simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microgram amounts of Sodium salicylate in some of its pharmaceutical preparations based on the coupling and Azo reaction to form an intense shine - yellow, water - soluble dye based on the coupling of Sodium salicylate with diazotized p - amino benzoic acid reagent in strong alkaline medium The dye formed has a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 452 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed between 2 - 30 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity of 8.5013×103 l.mol - 1.cm - 1, the LOD was 0.06?g.ml - 1 and LOQ was 0.213?g.ml - 1. The method had a good accuracy and precision, since the recovery was 99.702% and the RSD was 0.854%.. The method has been applied successfully in some pharmaceutical preparations including salicylic acid (topical solution). The analytical results agreed well with British pharmacopia method. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of this method were evaluated against pharmacopoeia method using F and t - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95 % confidence level did not exceed the theoretical values indicating that the present method have good accuracy and validity. The fourth chapter comprises the description of a sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of resorcinol by diazotization reaction using a diazotized 4 - methoxy aniline reagent in strong alkaline medium, to form brown water - soluble colored dye. Which exhibits maximum absorption at 448 nm. The linear range was between 0.4 - 4.4 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity of 2.7844×104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1, average recovery of 101.017%, RSD was 1.02%, LOD was 0.019 µg.ml - 1 and LOQ was 0.065 µg.ml - 1. By the application of the proposed method on the some pure types resorcinol, it was found that the results agreed well with British pharmacopeia method. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of this method were evaluated against pharmacopoeia method using F andt - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95 % confidence level did not exceed the theoretical values indicating that the present method have good accuracy and validity.

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية لمرضى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي والعجز الكلوي المزمن == Study of Some Biochemical Parameters for Patients With Hepatitis And Chroinc Renal Failure

اسم المؤلف: ايناس حازم حميد الجنابي
اسم المشرف: صباح حسين خورشيد | فراس طاهر ماهر
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة الحالية لتحديد العلاقة بين حالات الاصابة بالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي والعجز الكلوي المزمن ومستويات تركيز الفيوكوز الكلي (TF), والفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين (PBF) , والسكريات السداسية المرتبطة بالبروتين (PBHex) , وعدد من المتغيرات الكيموحيوية ال | The study was done to determine the relationship between hepatitis and chronic renal failure and total fucose (TF) level , protein bound fucose (PBF) , protein bound hexose (PBHex) and other biochemical parameter , which include : urea , creatinine, total bilirubin(direct_indirect), some enzyme [Alanine Transaminase Transaminase (AST) , (ALT) Aspartate Transaminase ] , electrolytes [Sodium (Na+) , Potassium (K+) ] ,and calicum ca++.This study included (50 ) patients of both sexes at age groups (3 - 70) , with hepatitis, and (50 ) patients of both sexes at age groups (15 - 70) with chronic renal failure, all patients have divided in to groups according to sex , age , and the duration of the disease. also the study included (50) healthy persons of both sexes at same age groups regarded as control groups. , and tending some of patients before,during and after dialysis ,so measuring biochemical parameter included three parts : - The first part measuring biochemical parameter in control, chronic renal failure before dialysis, where the results indicate - Results showed highly significant increase in TF, PBF, PBHex, Urea, Creatinine , K+ in relation to control group. while a slightiy difference between hepatitis & chronic renal failure, and a slightiy difference between male and female. - No significant differences in total bilirubin(direct and indirect), of chronic renal failure patients. - A low significant decrease of Na+ , Ca++ in the serum of chronic renal failure patients in compare to control group, and a slightiy difference between males and females.Measuring during dialysis showed - A highly significant increase(>0.01) in Urea ,Creatinine , K+ , and no difference in TF, PBF , PBHex level compared to their concentration befor dialysis. - A significant decrease in Na+,Ca++ in relation to their concentration befor dialysis. - No significant difference in total bilirubin(direct and indirect), AST,ALT compared levels to their concentration befor dialysis. - Measuring after dialysis showed - No significant difference in Urea , Creatinine Na+ , K+, Ca++ compared to their concentration with control group. - No significant difference in total bilirubin(direct and indirect), AST ,ALT levels compared to their concentrations in chronic renal failure befor and during dialysis and no changes in TF, PBF , PBHex levels compared to their concentration befor dialysis and during dialysis. - The study concluded that then results of hemodialysis results in improvement in some biochemical parameters of chronic renal failure and that the fucose level did not change during hemodialysis. - The study also concluded that there was an increase in TF , PBF , PBHex , AST , ALT and total bilirubin(direct and indirect) in the serum of patients with hepatitis in comparism with control group and for both sexes,while there was no change in Ca++ , K+ , Na+ , Urea , Creatinine level for both sexes in the serum of patients with hepatitis compared to control.

تقدير بعض الاحماض الامينية بطريقة الحقن الجرياني - البريق الكيميائي == Quantification of Some Amino Acids By Flow Injection - Chemiluminescence Technique

اسم المؤلف: نشوان حسين علي سليمان الجبوري
اسم المشرف: سهام توفيق امين | نزار احمد ناجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء التحليلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شمل الفصل الاول مراجعة عامة تضمنت الاحماض الامينية، الخواص الكيميائية والفيزيائية للاحماض الامينية. كما تضمن الفصل الطرائق المستخدمة لتقدير (السستائين, السستين,الهستدين) بتقنياتها المختلفة، كما تم التطرق للبريق ولانواعه، والظروف الاساسية لحدوثه في الاطوار | This thesis are in four chapters : Chapter I : General survey for amino acids, and their chemical and physical properties. it also includes the methods used for the determination of (cysteine,cystine,histidine) with different techniques. This chapter covers different chemiluminescence types and the necessary conditions to happen in different phases (liquid, gases and solids). The chapter also includes the analytical application for chemiluminesccence reaction with luminol as regarded the donor molecules; also other molecules that has been used for determination of chemiluminesccence and was addressed Flow injection analysis, and application, Chapter I ended with the aim of the project.Chapter II : Includes the preparation of the major chemical reaction solutions that are required for this research work, and also many other solutions that were needed as stook solutions for the many detailed study that were conducted through this research work. The primary study system innovation (Electronic - chemical optical) for the measurement of chemiluminescne.Chapter III : It is three sections : Section A : Involves the study assessment of cysteine through all chemical variables for all involved chemicals in the reaction, ,also various physical parameters were studied,the optimum condition for the determination of system , based on the system chemiluminescence (luminol - hydrogen peroxide - cysteine), the concentration of cysteine over range of (5 - 110) µg.mL - 1.The limit of detection was 9×10 - 6 mol.L - 1. ,RSD % for five replicates of a standard (4.9×10 - 4) was 0.8%.Section B : The optimum condition for the determination of cystine , based on system chemiluminescence (luminol - hydrogen peroxide - Cu II - cystine), calibration was linear between (20 - 80) µg.mL - 1for cystine.The limit of detection was (1.6×10 - 6) mol.L - 1 ,RSD % for five replicates of a standard(2.08 x10 - 4) was 0.94 %. Section C : The optimum conditions the determination of histidine , based on the system chemiluminescence for (luminol - hydrogen peroxide - Mn II - Histidine), calibration was linear between (10 - 160) µg.mL - 1for histidine.The limit of detection was (9.2×10 - 6)mol.L - 1.RSD % for five replicates of standard (5.1 × 10 - 4) mol.L - 1 was 1.27%.All the proposed methods have been applied successfully for the determination of amino acids in pharmaceutical. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of those methods were evaluated against pharmacopoeia method using F and t - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95% confidence level did not exceed the critical values indicating that the present proposed methods have a good accuracy and validity.Chapter IV : Deals with inferences and recommendations

تقدير الكميات الضئيلة من الخارصين (II) والنحاس (II) والنيكل (II) باستعمال الكاشف الجديد انتي بايرايل ازو (2,7) - نفثالين دايول بالطرق الطيفية == Determination of Trace Amounts of Zinc (II) , Copper (II) And Nickel (II) Using New Reagent of Antipyriyl Azo(2,7) - Naphthalindiol By Spectrophotometric Methods

اسم المؤلف: مسار علي عواد عناد الزيادي
اسم المشرف: حسين جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم في هذه الدراسة تفاعل الكاشف المحضر الجديد 1 - ('4 - انتي بايرايل ا?زو ) 2,7 - نفثالين دايول(1 - APANDOL) مع (11) ايون فلزي مع استحداث طريقة طيفية لتقدير كل من ايونات الخارصين (II) ,والنحاس (II) ,والنيكل (II) بهذا الكاشف اذ كان الطول الموجي للامتصاص الا | The research includes primary study of the reaction of 1 - ( '4 - anti pyriyl azo) 2,7 - naphthalindiol (1 - APANDOL) with (11) metal ions ,and development of Spectrophtometric method for the determination of Zinc (II) ,Copper (II) and Nickel (II)with this reagent. The wavelength of maximum absorption for the reagent was found at (453) nm and for the complexes formed between these ion with this reagent was found at (492,499,514) nm for Zinc (II), Copper(II) and Nickel (II), respectively in aqueous medium ,also the optimum conditions for the reaction of these ion with the reagent were employed ,such as the volume of reagent solution ,time ,temperature, order of addition and effectives of pH, The calibration curves of these complexes were constructed ,Beer,s law was obeyed in the range of (0.1 - 2.5) ppm for zinc (II) with a correlation coefficient of ( r =0.9976) and molar absorptivity( ? =1.3x104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1 and sandell sensitivity was (0.0049) ?g.cm - 2. For copper (II) the rang was (0.1 - 2.5) ppm with a correlation coefficient of (r =0.9979) molar absorptivity (? =1.9x104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1, and sandell sensitivity was (0.0032) ?g.cm - 2 , as for nickel (II), the range was (0.1 - 2.0) ppm with acorrlation coefficient (r =0.9962) and molar absorptivity (? =2.0x104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1 and sandell sensitivity was ( 0.0029) ?g.cm - 2 The stoichiometry of the formed soluble complexes among Zinc (II), Copper (II) and Nickel (II) with reagent was investigated by both the continuous variations method and mole ratio method ,the ratio (M : L) was (1 : 2) for complexes at pH(8,8 and 9) respectively.The stability constant (Kst) for the complexes were equal to (Kst = (Kst =0.29 x108L.mol - 1) (Kst =1.6 x1010L.mol - 1) and (0.128 x108L.mol - 1) for Zinc ,Copper and Nickel respectively. Precision and accuracy of the analytical procedure were showed for (0.5) ppm of Zinc(II) , Copper(II) and Nickel (II) that R.S.D% was equal to (1.41 , 0.77 and 0.63 %) and Erel % was found to be (0.53% ,0.65% and 0.95%) for these ions , respectively. the analytical procedure were showed for (1.0) ppm of Zinc(II), Copper(II) and Nickel (II) that R.S.D% was equal to (0.58, 0.36 and 0.4 %) and Erel % was found to be (0.28%,0.30% and 0.99%) for these ions , respectively.The interference of metal ions in the presence of related ions was determined , as well as masking of these ions by suitable masking agents was studied. The physical properties of precipitants were studied through the establishment of melting point, solubility and molar conductivity as well as the measurement of infrared spectra ,with the suggestion of structural formula of the formed complexes with the reagent (1 - APANDOL). The method was applied for the determination of the content of Zinc(II), Copper (II) and Nickel (II), in tea leaves.. Finally ,The biological activity of these complexes was tested with two types of bacteria.

دراسة مستوى انزيم الرينيين والفا - ل - فيوكوز وبعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية للمرضى المصابين بالعجز الكلوي المزمن == Level of Renin Enzyme, ? - L - Fucose And Some Biochemical Markers for Chronic Renal Failure Patients

اسم المؤلف: سروت بهرام عارف محمود الكاكةئي
اسم المشرف: صباح حسين خورشيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفيه البحث : سوفان المفاصل هو مرض مزمن يؤدي الى حدوث تغيرات ضارة في الغضاريف والعظام والاربطة والعضلات , علما ان وصف المرض بشكل دقيق غير محدد لحد الان. والسؤال المطروح عن العلاقة بين العلامات الناتجة عن هذا المرض وتلك الناتجة عن مرض السكري, هل الام السك | خلفيه البحث : سوفان المفاصل هو مرض مزمن يؤدي الى حدوث تغيرات ضارة في الغضاريف والعظام والاربطة والعضلات , علما ان وصف المرض بشكل دقيق غير محدد لحد الان. والسؤال المطروح عن العلاقة بين العلامات الناتجة عن هذا المرض وتلك الناتجة عن مرض السكري, هل الام السكري تخفي الام المفاصل ؟ حيث ان كلا المرضين(السكري والمفاصل) هما من الامراض المزمنة وتتصف بمستويات غير واضحة من التغيرات البايولوجية للمريض.الهدف من البحث : صممت هذه الدراسة لايجاد العلاقة بين داء السكري وسوفان المفاصل من خلال دراسة بعض المتغيرات الحياتية المشتركة بين المرضين مثل الفسفاتين واللبتين وهرمون النمو المشابه للانسولين... , وايضا دراسة تاثير داء السكري على تطور سوفان المفاصل. العينات, المواد وطرائق العمل : تضمنت هذه الدراسة (88)عينة مرضية من النساء فقط تراوحت اعمارهم (40 - 60) سنه ,في بداية التشخيص لمرض سوفان المفاصل من المصابين وغير المصابين بداء السكري الذين يعانون من السمنه)وقد تم جمع العينات من مستشفى الكاظمية التعليمي والمركز الوطني لبحوث وعلاج السكري / مستشفى اليرموك,من شهر ايار - تشرين الاول(2013 ) وقد تم تقسيم عينات المرضى الى ثلاث مجاميع وهي( مجموعة سوفان المفاصل وعددهم 24)و(مجموعة داء السكري وعددهم 20عينه)و(المجموعة الحاملة كلا المرضين عددهم 24عينه) فضلا عن مجموعة السيطرة وعددهم (20عينه) وقد تم تقدير مستويات الدوال في امصال العينات من خلال اجراء الفحوصات المختبرية التالية : هرمون الفس?اتين, هرمون االلبتين, هرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين - 1,مستوى الانسولين الصائم , هرمون المناسل المحفز الجربي FSH والمحفز للجسم الاصفر LH , مؤشر معصد البلازما بوساطه العلاقة اللوغاريتمية المتمثلة بالكسر المولي للدهون الثلاثية والدهون عالية الكثافة وفحص مقاومه الانسولين,وفحص السكر الصائم, الدهون في الدم وخضاب الدم المعسل والتي تم قياسها لجميع المرضى وافراد مجموعة السيطرة.النتائج : كانت النتائج المستحصلة من هذه الدراسة كما يلي : ? اظهر المستوى االمصلي للفسفاتين واللبتين وكذلك قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما زياده معنويه في مجاميع المرضى الثلاث وهي (داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل والذين يعانون كلا المرضين) بمجموعه السيطرة بمستوى احتماليه p< 0.05)),في حين لوحظ انخفاض معنوي لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من كلا المرضين (السكري والسوفان) في حالة اخذ الدواء مقارنة بالمرضى بدون دواء تحت احتماليه p< 0.05)).? اظهر المستوى المصلي لهرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين انخفاض معنوي في مجاميع المرضى الثلاث وهي (داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل والذين يعانون كلا المرضين) بمجموعه السيطرة تحت احتماليه p< 0.05)), في حين لوحظت زيادة معنوية لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من كلا المرضين (السكري والسوفان) في حالة اخذ الدواء مقارنة بالمرضى بدون دواء تحت احتماليه p< 0.05)), ووجد ايضا ان عامل العمر له تاثير " كبير جدا على قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما ومستوى الفسفاتين ,اللبتين وهرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين.? اظهر انخفاض معنوي في مستوى نسبة LH/ FSH في مجاميع المرضى الثلاث وهي (داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل والذين يعانون كلا المرضين) بمجموعه السيطرة تحت احتماليه p< 0.05)), في حين وجدت زياده معنوية في مستوى نسبة LH/FSH في مجموعة المرضى اللذين يعانون من كلا المرضين مقارنة بمجموعة مرضى السكري ومجموعة سوفان المفاصل ولوحدها. ? مستوى الفسفاتين يرتبط ايجابيا مع قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما في مجموعة مرضى داء السكري والمجموعة اللذين يعانون كلا المرضين تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)),في حين لايوجد ارتباط بين مستوى الفسفاتين وقيم مؤشر معصد البلازما في مجموعة مرضى سوفان المفاصل ومجموعة السيطرة. ? اظهر مستوى هرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين ارتباطا سلبيا مع قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما عند مجاميع المرضى الثلاثة ( داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل وكلا المرضين) تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)), لكن لايوجد ارتباط مع مجموعة السيطرة. ? اظهر مستوى اللبتين ارتباطا ايجابيا مع قيم مؤشر معصد البلازما عند مجاميع المرضى الثلاث ( داء السكري , سوفان المفاصل وكلا المرضين) تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)), لكن لايوجد ارتباط مع مجموعة السيطرة.? وايضا وجد ارتباط سلبي بين مستوى الفسفاتين ومستوى اللبتين عند المجموعة الحاملة كلا المرضين داء السكري وسوفان المفاصل تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)),في حين كان هناك ارتباطا ايجابيا بين مستوى الفسفاتين ومستوى اللبتين عند مجموعة السكري ومجموعة سوفان المفاصل ولوحدها تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)), وقد وجد ايضا ارتباطا سلبيا بين مستوى الفسفاتين ومستوى هرمون النموالشبيه بالانسولين عند مجاميع المرضى الثلاث تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)) , ولايوجد ارتباط مع مجموعة السيطرة. ? اظهر ارتباطا ايجابيا بين مستوى نسبة LH/FSH وكل من مستوى الفسفاتين , اللبتين وهرمون النمو الشبيه بالانسولين عند مجاميع المرضى الثلاث تحت احتماليه p< 0.01)), لكن لايوجد ارتباط في مجموعة السيطرة. الاستنتاج : نستنتج ان سوفان المفاصل له تاثير مباشر على بعض المؤشرات الحياتية مثل مستويات هرموني اللبتين والفسفاتين واختلال الدهون وقيم مؤشر معصد البلازما. ومن اهم النتائج ان الفسفاتين مؤشر جيد لدراسة تطور المرض ومن الممكن استخدامه كوسيلة للعلاج وكذلك نستنتج ان السيطرة على مستويات السكر عند مرضى سوفان المفاصل مهم جدا خلال العلاج وبالاخص لو تطلب الامر اجراء عملية جراحية.

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية المحتمله لبعض مشتقات 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل ايميدازول == Synthesis, Characterization And Study of The Potential Biological Activity of Some - 4,5 - Di Phenyl Imidazole Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: منار غياث عبد المطلب الموسوي
اسم المشرف: حسن ثامر غانم
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: برزت اهمية مركبات الثاياديازول لما لها من فعالية بايولوجية وتطبيقات دوائية، ونظرا لاهمية الازو صناعيا وبايولوجيا لذا تم تحضير مشتقات ازو للثايادايازولات باستخدام المشتق 2 - amino - 5 - thiol - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole كاساس في هذا البحث وكما ياتي : 1 - تحضير ا | Recently, the signifificance of thiadiazole compounds appeared form their biological activity and medical applications therefore.Azo thiadiazole derivatives were prepared by using 2 - amino - 5 - thiol - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole as starting material in this research.1. Preparation of (A1) 2 - amino - 5 - thiol - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole through ring cyclization thiosemicarbazide in the presence of anhydrous sodium carbonate and CS2.[A1]2. Preparation of diazonium salt (A2) by reaction of compounds (A1) with sodium nitrate and hydrochioric acid at low temperature(0 - 50C) with stirring. [A2]3. Preparation of new azo compounds[A3 - A15] by the reaction diazonium salt [A2] with different aromatic compounds. [A3 - A15]4. Schiff bases [A16 - A23] have been prepared from the reaations of azo compounds [A3 - A5] with different aromatic aldehydes.[A16, A17, A18, A19, A20, A21, A22, A23]5. Preparation of new thio ester derivatives[A24, A25, A27] by reaction of azo compounds [A6, A7, A8] with acetyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. [A24, A25, A27] 6. Preparation of new thio ester derivatives [A26, A28] by reaction of azo compounds [A8, A9] with 2 - chloro benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. [A26, A28]7. Preparation of new thio ether derivatives [A29, A30] by alkylation of azo compounds [A11] with bromo butane and bromo pentane in the presence of NaOH. [A29, A30]8.Melting boints of all prepared compounds have been measured and some of physical properties were studied lnddition, the structure eluciclation of a bove compound was carried out by using some spectroscopic methods (F.T.I.R and UV).

دراسة مستويات الفا - لـ فيوكوز وبعض الدوال الكيموحيوية في مصول دم النساء اللواتي عانين من الاجهاض المفرد للثلث الثاني من الحمل == Study of The Level ? - L - Fucose And Some Biochemical Parameters in Seram of Single Abortion At The Second Trimester of Pregnancy

اسم المؤلف: فؤاد احمد عمر
اسم المشرف: صباح حسين خورشيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث اجـراء بعض التحويرات الكيميائيـة الجديدة للبولي(فاينايل الكحول) وتضمنت التفاعلات تحوير مجموعة الهيدروكسيل الى مجموعة الزانثيت للحصول علـى ملح زانثيت الصوديوم البوليمري , وقد استخدم هذا الملح للتفاعل مع كل من : - 1 - اورثو كلورو بنزيل كلورايد و| This research includes some new chemical modifications which have been done on Poly(vinyl alcohol) through the hydroxyl group which has been converted to xanthate group to obtain the polymeric sodium xanthate salt and the later has been used for the reaction with the followings : 1 - O - chlorobenzyl chloride and 1,3 - Dibromopropane to get xanthate esters also the xanthate salt was reacted with ammonium chloride to form the polymeric ammonium xanthate salt.2 - The reaction with iodine to form the polymeric crosslinked Dixanthate.3 - The reaction with diazonium salts prepared from aniline , P - nitro aniline , benzidine , 4,4 - methylene dianiline to form the diazoxanthate polymers. 4 - The reaction with some transition metal ions such as (Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+) to form some polymeric complexes.The other part of the work includes the oxidation of Poly (vinyl alcohol) to get the oxidized form Poly(oxomethylene) which was reacted with hydrazines to prepare polymeric hydrazones and azine and also gallic acid has been used to esterify the poly(vinyl alcohol) to get poly(vinyl gallate) and phosphorus pentachloride to prepare polymeric trialkyl phosphate.Finally a thermal elimination experiment has been done on one of the polymeric xanthate ester to yield polyene.The polymeric products have been identified spectroscopically using the IR and UV technique , one of the products has been identified by NMR technique and some of the polymeric products have been analyzed for (C.H.N.S.) and also the magnetic susceptibility of some complexes have been measured.

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات غير متجانسة حلقية متعددة من مشتقات الازو اوقواعد شف == Synthesi And Identifecation of Heterocyclic Multiple Ring Compounds of Azo Derivatives And Schiff Bases

اسم المؤلف: ولاء فاضل عبد ضفير
اسم المشرف: فائز عبد الحسين عبد الرماحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن هذه الرسالة تحضير وتشخيص عدد من معقدات البلاديوم (??) والبلاتين (II) مع مزيج من ليكاندات الثايويوريا او الحلقات غير المتجانسة الحاوية على الامين مع السكارين او الثايوسكارين. وحضرت معقدات من النوع [M(L)2] حيث ان : M = Pd (??) , Pt (??) , L = PTUH ( | Work in this thesis includes synthesis and characterization of some palladium(??) and Platinum(II) mixed ligand complexes of thiourea or hetrocyclic amine and saccharin or thiosaccharine.Complexes of the type [M(L)2] were prepared, {M= Pd(??) , Pt(II) , L= PTUH}where : (PTUH) = {N - Pheny1 - N - (2 - thiazoyl)thiourea} by treatment of the appropriate ligand with Na2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4 to give square planer complexes, in which thiourea anoin ligand behave as a bidentate coordinate to metal through the S atom of thioamide group and the nitrogen atom of thiozolComplexes of the type trans - [MCl2(L)2] L =ABI , AT , M = Pd(?? ) , Pt(??)ABI = 2 - amino Benzimidazol وAT = 2 - aminothiazolwere prepared by treatment of the appropriate ligand with Na2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4 to give square planer complexes , in which benzimidazol and thiazol behave as monodentate coordinate to Pd(??) metal through the N atom while the Palladium thiazol complex showed two isomer the N and S - bonded isomer.Palladium (??) or Pt(II) complexes of the type trans - [Pd(sac)2(L)2] were prepared by treatment of trans - [PdCl2(L)2] with Nasac. Sac anion ligand behaves as a monodentate coordinate to Pd (??) metal through the N atom.Thiosaccharinate complexes of the type trans - [Pd(tsac)2(L)2] (L=ABI, AT) were prepared in which (L) behaves as a monodentate which coordinate to Pd(??) metal through the cyclic N atom while the thiosaccharin anion behaves as a monodentate ligand coordinated to palladium metal through the sulfur atom. The PTUH ligand was characterized by infrared spectra and (1H n.m.r).The prepared complexes were characterized by molar conductances, Elemental analysis, Infrared spectra, 1H n.m.r data also the structure of trans - [Pd(PTU)2] and cis - [Pt(PTU)2] were determined by single crystal x - ray diffraction.The complex trans - [Pd (PTU)2] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group p 21/c with a= 12.510(17) ? , ? = 5.6963 ?, C=15.322(2) ? ?=90° , ?=90.066(17) ° , ?=90° and Z=2 Molecules per unit Cell. The complex cis - [Pt(PTU)] crystallizes in orthorhombic space group with a=7.3021(5) ?, b=11.8025 (9) ?, C=25.6282(19) ?, ?=90 ?, ?=90(17) °, ?=90 and Z=4 Molecules per unit Cell.

تحضير ودراسة السلوك البلوري السائل ل الفا - بيتا (4 - n - الكوكسي - 6,5,3,2 - رباعي مثيل - 4? - اوكسي - ازوبنزين) ايثان == Preparation And Study The Behavior of The Liquid Crystalline ? - ? (4 - N - Alkoxy - 2,3,5,6 - Tetra Methyl - 4 - Oxy - Azobenzene) Ethan

اسم المؤلف: نور محمود عبد الحسين التميمي
اسم المشرف: ساجدة هادي رضا
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذة الدراسة تحضير مشتقات حلقية غير متجانسة مثل 2 - امينو - 4 - فنيل ثيازول(2 - Amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol)، والاوكسازبين(Oxazepine)، والتريازول(triazol)، والاميدازوليدين(Imidazolidine). ابتداءا من (2 - Amino thiazol) و(Acetophenon) كمركبات اساس | This Study include synthesis of some heterocyclic derivatives such as (2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol) , (oxazepine) ,(tetrazole) and (Imidazolidine) ,starting from (2 - amino thiazol) and (acetophenon) This Work is divided in to three Parts : Part one : Include Foure StepsThe first step include synthesis of 2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol from (acetophenon),(thiourea ),(Iodine) ,while second step repersents the formation of Azo derivatives of (2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol) ,while third step includes the formation of schiff base derivatives through reaction of azo compound with (3 - hydroxybenzaldehyde) The fourth step includes the reaction of prepared shiff base with compound (? - alanine) These steps are explain in diagram (1)Diagram No.1Part two : Includes two stepsFirst step includes the formation of schiff base derivatives of (2 - amino thiazol) through reaction of (2 - amino thiazol) with several compound , while second step includes reaction of several compounds with prepared schiff base to formate five and seven ring Theses steps are explain in diagram(2) Diagram No.(2)Part Three : Includes two stepsThe first step includes reaction of (acetylaceton) and (isatine) with (2 - amino thiazol) to formate new schiff base , while second step includes reaction several compound with prepared schiff base to formate five and seven ring.These steps are explain in Digram (3) Diagram No.3The sequence of reaction steps are followed up by (TLC) technique , and by busing solvents (methanol and benzene(1 : 4)) and ethyl acetate.All compounds are identified by (FT : IR) ,and some compounds by H1 - NMR and (C.H.N.S)

التغيرات الفسلجية لضربين من الباميا Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench بتاثير حامض الدبال والزولفاست == Physiological Changes To Varieties of Okra Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench By Effect of Humic Acid And Zolfast

اسم المؤلف: ندى سالم عزيز الموسوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير علي ياسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة في كلية الزراعة/ جامعة القادسية خلال المدة من 10/4/2011 حتى 15/10/2011. الهدف منها دراسة الاستجابة لضربين من الباميا (الحسيناوية والبتيرة) لطريقتي اضافة حامض الدبال ومستحضر الزولفاست (الرش الورقي ومع ماء الري) وبتركيزين لكل منهما (الموصى | This study was conducted in Agriculture College, AL - Qadisiya University during the period of 10/4/2011 till 15/10/2011. The aim of the study was studying response of two okra varieties (Al - Husenawyia and Al - Pteira) humic acid and zolfast application methods (foliar and addition to irrigation water) and this concentration (recommended and doubled) on growth and productivity as well as leaf mineral and fruit medicinal active constituents.The humic acid and zolfast formulas were added by the use of hand sprayer or with irrigation water with the recommended and doubled concentrations for humic acid and zolfast as foliar spraying were 1 ml.L - 1 and 2 ml.L - 1 if doubled respectively while when used with irrigation water 4.8 ml.L - 1 and 9.6 ml.L - 1 if double for humic acid 7.2 and 14.4 ml.L - 1 for zolfast if doubled.The design of the experiment was Randomized complete blocks in a factorial arrangement (2×2×5) in three replications. The RLSD at 0.05 was used as a method to compare means separation treatment effect was evident. The results showed : 1 - Al - Husenawyia variety was superior in total leaf area, vegetative fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights, P% and content addition to specific leaf weight, relative growth rate, fruit length, number of fruit/plant, fruits yield compared to Al - Pteira. Percentage of protein, carbohydrates, total soluble solids, caprylic, lauric saturated fatty acids and all the unsaturated fatty acids. Mucilage, folic acid and oil refractive index were also higher with Al - Husenawyia compared to Al - Pteira had higher stem diameter, fruit fresh and dry weight, K%, boron content and percentage of saturated fatty acids (Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic, Arachidic and Behinic). Ca% was the same for both cultivars.2 - Foliar application method of humic acid and zolfast showed beneficial effect on and all parameters studies except root fresh and dry weight and percentage of saturated fatty acids increased with irrigation water (except Lauric acid which was increased with foliar application). Methods of application did not affect stem diameter, Ca% in leaves and fruit total soluble solids.3 - Although the double recommended concentrations of humic acid and Zolfast reduced saturated fatty acids significantly their recommended concentration lowered saturated fatty acids (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic, Arachidic and Behinic) compared to control treatment. Percentage of fiber was lower with the use of zolfast compared to humic acid and control. While K% was lowered when zolfast used in the double recommended concentration. No significant difference were found between the recommended concentrations of humic acid or zolfast in stem diameter, total leaf area, relative growth rate, vegetative dry weight, root dry weight, P%, Ca%, boron content, fruit length, number of fruit/ plant, fruit dry weight, mucilage, carbohydrates%, folic acid, oil%, percentage of saturated fatty acids (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic and Arachidic) and unsaturated fatty acids (Oleic and Linoleic) and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids/saturated.4 - The interaction between cultivars and methods of application revealed that foliar application of both humic acid and zolfast reduced saturated fatty acid (Caprylic, Myristic, Palmatic, Stearic and Arachidic) significantly of both cultivars, compared to their addition to irrigation.5 - The interaction between cultivars and substances of application (humic acid and zolfast concentrations revealed that both cultivars had different response in some traits of studied to applied concentrations of humic and zolfast. Al - Husenawyia variety had higher vegetative fresh weight, root dry weight and fruit of mucilage content with the double recommended humic acid. While Al - Pteira variety had higher TSS% and Lauric acid% when used the double recommended concentration of zolfast.6 - The interaction between methods of application and concentrations of application substances showed superior effect on some studied parameters. Foliar application method was superior on addition to irrigation application with all concentrations except root fresh and dry weight and saturated fatty acids% (except Lauric acid) which were increased when added to the irrigation water to all concentrations of application substances. The same interaction did not revealed significant difference in stem diameter, Ca% and fruit fresh and dry weight.7 - The three way interaction factors studied in the experiment revealed an increase in growth parameter of both cultivars when humic acid and zolfast were added in their higher concentration (double recommended) by foliar application expect root fresh and dry weight and saturated fatty acids% (except Lauric acid) which were increased when added to the irrigation water. Al - Husenawyia variety was higher in all parameters with the use of higher concentration of humic acid and zolfast when applied with irrigation water or foliar application. The three way interaction revealed no significant difference in stem diameter, vegetative dry weight, Ca%, fruit fresh and dry weight, TSS%, percentage of oil and unsaturated fatty acids (Linoleic and Myristoleic).8 - Results of electrophoresis analysis revealed that the use of the doubled recommended concentration of humic acid and zolfast with irrigation water participated in building higher protein molecules in fruits to both cultivars. While the double recommended concentration of humic acid and zolfast did not show this trait when foliar applied.

انتشار داء اللشمانية الجلدية في محافظة القادسية مع تقييم مدى الاسجابة للعلاج بعقار البنتوستام بطريقة RT - PCR == Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis In Al - Qadissia Province And The Evaluation of Treatment Response By Pentostam With Rt - Pcr

اسم المؤلف: رنا صالح صاحب محلول الدفاعي
اسم المشرف: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Results of clinical and laboratory examination of 239 cases showed 55 infection cases in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and in infection proportion reaches at 23.01% out of the total number of the Cutaneous cases which are similar to Leishmaniasis during the months of the study. The Results also showed that the highest infection was recorded between the ages 1 - 10 years old and about 26 cases in 47.27% and between 10 - 20 years old about 17 cases in 30.9% and the lowerest was between 40 - 50 and 70 - 80 years old in one cases in 1.8%. The summit of the disease spread was in February for about 24 cases in 43.63% specially in AL - Hamza AL - Sharqi where the highest number of infection was recorded for about 23 cases in 41.81%. It is followed by AL - Shafiya for 10 cases in 18.18% and the lowerest was AL - Mhannawiya for one case in 1.8%. It has been clear that the number of the multiple epidemics is more than the individual ones in 70.5% while the latter in 29.98% respectively. It was focused on hands and legs in 50.35% and 24.46 %. The tissue test showed thick perspiration in the big infected pharynx and lymphatic cell in addition to the existence of abscess to the smash of the infected cell. Forty nine positive cases were found in 89.09% for the genetic material DNA which is connected with Leishmaniasis by mean of NestedPCR to identify the type results showed 47 samples which is L. major in 95.91% and to get sure by investigating the virulence factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and cysteine protease it was found that all sample were positive in 100% as Leishmania. major. To know the affect of treatment pentostam on these samples, the standard proportion for the genetic patterns was calculated factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and cysteine protease during five week. Results showed that there was a big difference for each gene in a solation during the period of treatment in a level of the possibility of (P?0.05) when used test LSD. and by comparing the three genes it was found that there was a meaningful between cysteine protease and the other two factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and there wasn’t difference between lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan. Hence, it has been clear that the treatment pentostam has a big affect in parasite by its affect on the virulence factors and this explains that possibility of infection may happen again after having the treatment. The skin disease cutaneous Leishmaniasis is considered as one of the endemic parasitic diseases in Iraq. This study aims at identifying its prevalence and specifying the virulence factors in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in order to define the type of disease reason and the affect of the treatment of Pentostam on the virulence factors lipophosphoglycan, Cysteine protease, proteophosphoglycans by means Real time - PCR

دراسة الاصابات الفطرية الجلدية لدى الاطفال في موضع الحفاظة == Mycological Infections In Children In The Position of The Diaper

اسم المؤلف: عباس عبد الحسين محي
اسم المشرف: ماجد كاظم عبود الشبلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:

الاكثار الخضري لنبات Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. خارج الجسم الحي == In Vitro Vegetative Propagation of Spilanthes Acmella (L.) Murr

اسم المؤلف: انسام زهير جاسم الحسني
اسم المشرف: بشرى محمد جابر علوش
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: وظفت تقانة زراعة الانسجة لاكثار نبات Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. كونه نباتا غير مستزرع في العراق ولاهميته الطبية والزراعية بوصفه نبات زينة فضلا عن استعمالاته الاخرى. عقمت البذور بمادة هايبوكلورات الصوديوم(NaOCl) وزرعت على وسط Murashige وSkoog (1962) (MS | The technique of plant tissue culture has been manipulated to In vitro micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. It is an ornamental and medicinal plant not cultivated in Iraq. Seeds were sterilized by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and cultuared on full strength Murashige and Skoog medium(1962) (MS). Nodal segments, apical shoots, and leaflets explants were taken from seedlings and cultured on (MS) medium enriched with different concentrations of Indol acetic acid (IAA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) Benzyl adenine (BA), and 6 - furfurylaminopurine (Kin.). The study include the effect of node orientation vertically and horizontally on induction of shoots formation. The effect of the interaction between IAA and BA, IAA and Kin. on shoot multiplication was investigated. Rooting was also studied after inclusion of IBA and IAA to full and half - strength (MS) medium. At acclimatization stage, different ratios of river sand and peat moss as agricultural media were tested and plantlets survival was recorded. DNA isolation was carried out from fresh and dry plantlet leaves as well as from seeds and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (AGE) was done. Results showed that 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min was very effective for disinfecting and survival. The nodes cultured vertically exhibited relatively highest response as compared with apical shoots and leaflets culture. Supplying the culture medium with 1 mg/L. BA was effective for lateral shoot induction. The mean number of shoots obtained from nodes were 7.43 with a mean length 0.9 cm. Adding IAA at 0.1 and Kin. at 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/L. to the growth medium was effective for multiplication. Mean number of the developed shoots were 12.00, 14.20, 13.60 shoots/ explants with a mean length of 3.40, 2.60, 1.40 cm, respectively. Adding 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L IBA to the half strength MS medium was very effective in root formation which produced 45.0, 42.5, 40.0 roots, respectively, with mean length of 3.25, 3.80, 3.80 cm, respectively. Plantlets were acclimatized successfully achieving 100% survival after four weeks when transferred to agricultural medium consisted of river sand and peat moss at 1 : 1 v/v ratio. This study showed the ability of in vitro micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. DNA isolation from drying leaves was butter than fresh leaves with the precense of liquid nitrogen.

التحري عن الاميبا الحالة للنسج/ الاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar في عينات البراز للمرضى با ستعمال تقنية PCR == Detection of Entamoeba Histolytic /Entamoeba Dispar In Stool Specimens By Using PCR Technique

اسم المؤلف: بثينة عبد الحمزة حسون الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: اخلاص مشرف عيدان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تسلط الدراسة الحالية الضوء على تشخيص وتحديد نسبة الاصابة بطفيلي الاميبا المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا الحالة للنسج Entamoeba histolytica وتمييزها عن الاميبا غير المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba dispar اللتين تتمايزان بشكلهما المتماثل في كلا الطور | This study sheds light on the determination and diagnose of the percentage of infection of like Entamoeba histolytica and differentiate it from the non pathogenic Entamoeba dispar that were morphologically identical in both cysts and trophozoite phase in two different groups : the first group includes 50 stool samples of patients suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (symptomatic group) while the second group includes 95 stool samples of patients not suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (Asymptomatic group).In addition to that, 20 stool samples were collected from healthy individuals as a control these samples were collected patients of AL - Zafaranyia General Hospital and AL - Alwyia Childhood Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from July, 2011 to May, 2012.These samples belong to different ages (1 year - < 50 years) of different sexes (males and females). Entamoeba samples were diagnosed by using two methods : the first one is the wet mount as a General Stool Examination(GSE) after macroscopic examination for sample and classifying them according to their consistency (solid, semisolid and liquid) and color (brown and yellow) and presence of blood and mucous in addition to diagnosing them microscopically to detect the presence of pus cells and both phases trophozoite and cyst for Entamoeba histolytica.While the second method that was depended in diagnosis is duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) by using two pairs of genes for detection of their amplification in DNA sample isolated from stool. The first pair is cystein proteinase which represents one of virulent factors in Entamoeba histolytica parasite as a tissue invader. The second pair encodes the surface antigen present on the surfaces of both parasites E. histolytica and E. dispar. It is represented by Actin gene (Act). The results of the wet mount showed that in percentage of infection of both species (E.histolytica/E.dispar) the (54%) of patient symptom and (34.37%) patient a symptom.While results of the specificity and sensitivity showed that in positive sample wet mount negative PCR while negative sample wet mount showed that positive PCR and higher percentage of infection the Entamoeba dispar. While the results of the dPCR showed that in spite of the presence of both species Entamoeba pathogenic (Entamoeba histolytica) and non pathogenic Entamoeba (Entamoeba dispar) , the percentage of infection of Entamoeba histolytica was lower than that of Entamoeba dispar. This was clear by the detection of amplification the Reaction producets (dPCR) by using both genes : Actin &Ehcp5 where only 8 samples were detected and they were found to be positive amplification Ehcp5 and 31 samples were positive amplification in both groups of patients (symptomatic and a symptomatic). The percentage of infection in females was higher than that in males for all ages when using both tests (wet mount & PCR). More over the patients with less than (10) years old had higher percentage of infection in both sexes.In conclusion, it should not be depended on direct wet mount technique for the identification of infected parasite Entamoeba histolytica and differentiating it from Entamoeba dispar because of their high homology. That the molecular examination is the only method that is able to determine the kind of infection with parasite Entamoeba

تاثير اشعة الفا على التصاقية بعض انواع البكتريا == Study The Effect of The Alpha Ray On The Adhesion Some Type of Bacteria

اسم المؤلف: فردوس غضبان كاظم
اسم المشرف: زياد متعب الخزاعي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية جمع 37 مسحة من المرضى المصابين باخماج العيون في مدينة الديوانية ومن كلا الجنسين حيث تضمنت الدراسة سيادة نوعين من المسببات البكتيرية لاصابات العيون ودراسة قابلية التصاق هذه البكتريا على العدسات اللاصقة وهي المكورات العنقوديـــــــــــ | The current study included (37) samples were collected from sicks of Eyes infection in Al - Diwaniya city from two kinds that the study included two type dominant of Bacteria causes for Eyes infection and study this Bacteria adhesion ability on the Lenses, that the Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as the impact of exposure to (Radiology Alpha and Gamma rays) on adhesion ability, As well as the search included the application of a mathematical model to adhesion formula. The current study results are showed the Staphylococcus aureus for percent (45.94)% and then the Pseudomonas aeruginosa for percent (32.43)%. The results were obtained being clear impact of irradiation on Bacteria adhesion ability to Lenses. The results were obtained the higher level adhesion reaching its, the Staphylococcus aureus in the natural case to (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×292) that in three hours whereas the Alpha ray exposure more than adhesion level that range six hours to (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×302) and when the Gamma ray exposure the higher adhesion level reaching that range (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×233) during exposure period that reach to four and half hour. About the Pseudomonas aeruginosa the adhesion higher level in the natural case to (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×204) during two hours and half hour whereas when exposure its, to Alpha ray that reaching to higher level adhesion range (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×298) during six hours as well as when exposure to Gamma ray the higher level adhesion reaching range (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×250) during four and half hour. Application the mathematical adhesion sample, the result obtained that the disengagement coefficient, the valuable impact its, so that the valuable increased as well as temporal to be late in approach stage of zero who mathematically certain the lenses importance that the important dangerous effective for Eye infection distribution. As well as the results were certain the Alpha and Gamma rays were irradiation, that have impact of where decreasing the adhesion bacteria numbers for lenses, that decreasing from Eyes infection

تاثير الاشعة فوق البنفسجية Ultraviolet (UV) على بعض المعايير التكاثرية (معامل الانقسام للحيامن والتشوهات في رؤوس النطف) في الجرذان البيض == Effect of Ultraviolet On Some Reproduction Parameters (Mitotic Index of Sperms And Head Sperms Aberration)

اسم المؤلف: قيس هادي لايذ الكرعاوي
اسم المشرف: حسين خضير الميالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: قسمت 20 جرذ ابيض من الضرب Balb/C الى اربع مجاميع بعد تشعيعها (تشعيع الجسم كله) بفترات تعريض للاشعة فوق البنفسجية Ultraviolet لمدة (0 و20 و30 و60) دقيقة، ثم شرحت بعد 7 ايام من التعرض للاشعاع وتم حساب معامل انقسام mitotic index الخلايا الجنسية بالاضافة الى | Twenty white rats (Balb / C) have been divided into four groups after their exposure to ultraviolet ray for the following time periods (0, 20, 30, 60) minutes. Then the autopsy has been performed after 7 days of (UV) exposure and the mitotic index of sexual cell division has been counted. as well as the Head sperms aberration. The results of the study showed the following : 1 - Decrease in the mitotic index for the sexual cell. This decrease is directly proportional with the duration of exposure to radiation.2 - A slight increase in the percentage of the Head sperms aberration between (T 20) in comparison with the control group which is not exposed to radiation (T 0).3 - The increase in percentage of the Head sperms aberration is due to the (UV) and this abnormalities are directly proportional with the length of the exposure period as (T 30, T 60).

تاثير دوالي الخصيتين في معالم المني وسلامة الحامض النووي الـDNA == Effect of Varicocele In Semen Quality And Nucleic Acid DNA Integrity

اسم المؤلف: حيدر لطيف فرحان المساعد
اسم المشرف: صاحب يحيى حسن المرشدي | عبد الزهرة كاظم محمد علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت هذه الدراسة فحص 150 عينة من السائل المنوي لمرضى القيلة الدوالية Varicocele والاشخاص الخصبين بعد مدة امتناع قدرها 3 - 5 ايام حيث جمعت العينات في مختبرات مركز الخصوبة / مدينة الصدر الطبية / محافظة النجف الاشرف من 1 / 10 /2012 الى 30/ 4 /2013, لقلة الدر | This study was included 150 samples of semen for varicocele and fertile persons. The samples were collected after 3 - 5 day abstinence period at fertility center Laboratories / ALsader Medical city in An Najaf province.For the period from 1/10/2012 to 30/4/2013.Because the studies about varicocele are rare, the present studies aimed to know the impact of varicocele on semen and sperm parameter, sperm quality index, Malondialdehyde concentration and the percentage of sperm DNA integrity.So, this study was aimed at investigation wethere the Varicocelectomy in varicocele patients could positively influence studied parameters.The research was involved examining 83 sample of seminal fluid for varicocele patient. The percentage of varicocele grades were examined and the results were represented 40% grade1, 39% grade2 and 21% grade3.The result were showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in sperm concentration , progressively motile sperm, normal sperm morphology percent and sperm viability percent for varicocele patient compared with the fertile persons, while there was noticed a significant increase (P<0.05) in Round cells concentration snd liquefaction time for varicocele patient compared to fertile person and the result of this study were showed significant decrease (P<0.05) of sperm quality index and sperm DNA integrity for varicocele patient compared to fertile persons (control).The study noted to the significant increase (P<0.05) of malondialdehyde concentration for varicocele patients compared to fertile persons. The coefficient factor was used to investigate the correlation between malondialdehyde concentration and the studies parameter.there was increase correlation (P<0.05) between malondialdehyde concentration and sperm concentration(r= - 0.86 P<0.05) progressively motile sperm (r= - 0.938), normal sperm morphology percent (r= - 0.90 P<0.05), sperm viability percent (r = - 0.846 P<0.05) and sperm quality index (r = - 0.836 P<0.05), while there was (P<0.05) positive correlation between malondialdehyde concentration and semen volume (r=+0.822 P<0.05), liquefaction time (r = +0.828 P<0.05) and round cells correlation (r= + 0.89 P<0.05).Also the coefficient was used to study the correlation between sperm DNA integrity and other study parameter. The results of this study were showed positive correlation between the percentage of DNA integrity and sperm concentration (r= +0.88 P<0.05), progressively motile sperm (r=+0.78P<0.05), normal sperm morphology (r= +0.86 P<0.05), sperm viability percentage (r=+0.87 P<0.05) and sperm quality index (r= +0.81 P<0.05), while it was noticed in used correlation between sperm DNA integrity and malondialdehyde concentration (r= - 0.681 P<0.05), semen volume (r= - 0.67 P<0.05), liquefaction time (r= - 0.65 P<0.05) and round cells (r= - 0.54 P<0.05). The effect of varicocele grading on sperm and semen parameter, sperm quality index, malondialdehyde concentration and percentage of sperm DNA integrity was studied, the result were showed a significant decrease (P<0.05)of sperm concentration, progressively motile sperm, sperm viability and normal sperm morphology percentage, and a significant increase (P<0.05) of liquefaction time and Round cells concentration for varicocele patients grad1, grade2 and grade3 compared with the fertile persons. and when we are compare between varicocele patient according to type of grade the results were show a significant decrease (P<0.05) of sperm concentration, progressively motile sperm and normal sperm morphology percentage and a significant increase (P<0.05) of liquefaction time for varicocele patients grade2 and grade3 compared to grade1 varicocele patient.So the result showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) of sperm concentration for grade3 varicocele patients compared with the grade2 varicocele patients. The result of this study were showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in sperm quality index and sperm DNA integrity for grad1, grade2 and grade3 varicocele patients compared to fertile persons. also it was noticed a significant decrease (P<0.05) of sperm quality index and sperm DNA integrity for grade2 and grade3 varicocele patients compared to grade1 varicocele patients but the malondialdehyde concentration according to varicocele grade, the result were showed a significant increase (P<0.05) of malondialdehyde concentration for grade2 and grade3 varicocele patients compared to grade1 varicocele patients and fertile persons. In this study the effect of Varicocelectomy on study parameters was studied and the result were showed a significant increase (P<0.05) of sperm concentration, progressively motile sperm, sperm viability percentage, normal sperm morphology, percent, sperm quality index and sperm DNA integrity and a significant decrease (P<0.05) of liquefaction time and malondialdehyde concentration for Varicocelectomy compared to varicocele patients. The result were showed a significant decrease (P<0.05)of sperm viability percent, normal sperm morphology percent, sperm DNA integrity and sperm quality index and a significant increase (P<0.05) in round cells concentration, liquefaction time and malondialdehyde concentration for Varicocelectomy patients compared to fertile persons.From the result of present study, we are concluded that varicocele has been negatively impact on sperm and semen parameters, malondialdehyde concentration and sperm DNA integrity, and the effect of varicocele is associated with the increasing of varicocele grading, while Varicocelectomy has been positive impact on sperm and semen parameters, malondialdehyde concentration and sperm DNA integrity but this result have not reached to similar state to fertile persons

انتشار المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية وبعض عوامل الضراوة في بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من مستشفيات في النجف المعزولة من مستشفيات في النجف == Molecular Study To Some of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Virulence Factors Isolated From Clinical And Environmental Isolates

اسم المؤلف: ذو الفقار حيدر حسن
اسم المشرف: ماجدة مالك متعب
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لغرض التحري عن وجود الجينات الكروموسومية المسؤولة عن بعض عوامل الضراوة المهمة لجنس Pseudomonas aeruginosa كانتاجها للسم الخارجي A والالجنيت اضافة الى الجينات الكروموسومية المسببة لمقاومة الكوينولونات في العزلات السريرية والبيئية لبكت | This study include investigate the presence of chromosomal quinolone resistance genes and virulence genes(toxA and algD) in clinical and environmental isolates from Al - Sadr Medical city.A total of 110 samples were collected from different clinical sources(burns, wounds, and urine), and 50 from the hospital environment.the samples were collected during 10, Oct, 2012 to 2, Feb, 2013. A total number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates accounted for 89 of 160 samples.The distribution of these isolates were 28 from Burns, 14 wounds, 15 urine, and 32 from hospital environments. Identification of isolates has been accomplished depending on phenotypic diagnostic methods and PCR technique.our study proved that PCR technique depending on oprI and oprL genes was a rapid method for identification of non - pigmented isolates. A total of 20 antibiotics resistant isolates were chosen for Molecular studies. The result reveling that 100% of isolates had a chromosomal mutation in the QRDRs of genes (gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE). High percentage of isolates(45%) carried mutated genes gyrA and parC, followed by 15% of isolates were carried either mutated gene gyrA alone or three mutated genes gyrA, parC, and parE and and 10%of isolates were carried three muted genes gyrA, gyrB, and parC, while gene that encoding to parC mutation were detected in 5% of isolates. Our study is the first study about detection of Quinolone Resistance Determining Regions in P.aeruginosa in Iraq. The results showed the the presence of mexAB - oprM multidrugs efflux system expression in 100%(20) isolates. while the phenotypic test depending on MIC values for ciprofloxacin alone in the presence of efflux inhibitor showed that only 15%(3) isolates had the active efflux pump.

العلاقة بين كروماتين النطف ومعايير المني في مرضى عديمي الخصوبة == The Relationship Between Sperm Chromatin And Semen Parameters In Infertile Patients

اسم المؤلف: وليد عبد علي حسن الخفاف
اسم المشرف: صاحب يحيى حسن المرشدي | زينب شنيور مهدي الطرفي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم النسبة المئوية لكروماتين النطفة غير السوي Abnormal sperm chromatin percentage لمرضى عديمي الخصوبة مقارنة بالرجال الخصبين ودراسة العلاقة بين النسبة المئوية لكروماتين النطفة غير السوي ومعايير المني ومؤشر نوعية النطف وتركيز الم | The aim of the current study was to evaluate the Abnormal sperm chromatin percent for the infertile comparing with the fertile men and study the relation between the Abnormal sperm chromatin percent, the sperm and semen parameters, sperm quality index and MDA concentration for the infertile normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic patients comparing with the fertile men.This study was conducted in the laboratories of fertility centers in Al - Sader medical city/ Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf from 1 / 11 / 2012 to 30 / 4 / 2013.By the end of the semen liquefaction time, the 72 samples were divided into two groups : - the fertile men, (17), and the second is represented by the Infertile Normozoospermic (23) and the Asthenozoospermic (32). The age average was (1.36±30.9) , (0.98 ±29.6) and (1.63± 31.4) years respectively. The samples were restricted to the non smoking patients only. The study results show a significant (P< 0.05) decrease in the sperm concentration, the percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the sperm viability percent and the semen volume, and a significant (P<0.05) increase in the round cell concentration, liquefaction time, Malondialdehyde concentration and the percent of the abnormal chromatin of the Normozoospermic and the Asthenozoospermic patients comparing with the fertile men. The results also show a negative correlation (P<0.05) between the (MDA) concentration and the parameters represented by the sperm concentration, percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the normal sperm percent, the sperm viability percent sperm quality index and semen volume. While it had been noticed that there was a positive relation between the MDA concentration and the parameters represented by the sperm liquefaction time, round cell concentration and the abnormal sperm chromatin percent of all the study groups. In this research the relation between the sperm chromatin damage and the other study parameters had been studied by dividing the samples according to the degree of chromatin damage. The results show a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the sperm concentration, the percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the normal sperm percent, the sperm viability percent, the sperm quality index and semen volume, with a significant (P<0.05) increase in the liquefaction time and round cell concentration (MDA) concentration and the percent of the abnormal chromatin of the group (> 10) comparing with the group (? 10) for the fertile men, also the results show a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the sperm concentration, the percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the normal sperm percent, the sperm viability percent and the semen volume, with a significant (P<0.05) increase in the liquefaction time and round cell concentration for the group (> 25) comparing with the group (? 25) for the infertile Normozoospermic patients. For the Asthenozoospermic patients the study shows a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the sperm concentration, the percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the normal sperm percent, the sperm quality index, the sperm viability percent and semen volume, and a significant (P<0.05) increase in the liquefaction time and round cell concentration for the study groups represented by the group (> 20 - 40) and (< 40) comparing with (? 20). From the above results it could be concluded that the increase of (MDA) level resulted from the active (ROS) leads to an increase in the abnormal chromatin percent of the infertile Normozoospermic patients which had a negative effect on the semen parameters which could be a reason for the infertility for those patients

علاقة بعض الهرمونات والمعايير الكيموحيوية للمصابين بحصى المرارة == Relation of Some Hormones And Biochemical Variables For Patients With Gallstones

اسم المؤلف: انسام فيصل ياسر الجوراني
اسم المشرف: احسان ريسان ابراهيم الركابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة مستويات بعض الهرمونات والمتغيرات الكيموحيوية لممصابين حصى المرارة، اذ اجريت الدراسة على المرضى الوافدين الى مستشفى الزهراء التعليمي ومستشفى الكرامة التعليمي / قسم الجراحة في محافظة واسط للمدة منذ بداية شهر تشرين الاول (2012) حت | The study was Designed to investigate some hormonal levels and biochemical variables in patients with gallstones, where the study was conducted on patients attending Zahra Hospital and Karama Hospital / Department of Surgery in Wassit province for the period since the beginning of the month of October (2012) and until the end of the month of April (2013), The number of patients (75) were aged between 15 - 70 years and the number of males (15) and females (60) compared with healthy controls and numbered (25) aged between 15 - 70 years and the number of males (5) and females (20). Blood samples were collected in volume (10 ml) blood serum was isolated to achive required measurements, which included measuring the level of the hormone leptin, thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), also the study included estimate the concentrations of biochemical parameters : total cholesterol (T.Chol), higher density lipoprotein cholesterol (H DL - Chol), factor risk (RF), liver enzymes ALT and AST, total serum bilirubin (TSB), glucose, creatinine, albumin, Globulin, and total serum protein (TSP), The results of the study were as follows : .Prevalence of gallstones in Wassit province, and Females injury rate will gallstone in wassit province much higher than males with rate of 5/1. Significant increase (P <0.05) in the levels of leptin hormone and GH as well as non significant increase (P >0.05) in the levels of the hormone TSH, while there was a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the level of the hormone T4 in people who suffer from a gallstones disease compared with healthy people. Significantly increase (P <0.05) in the concentration of T.Chol, and RF, while there a non - significant decrease (P> 0.05) in the concentration of HDL - Chol. significant increase (P <0.05) in the concentration of ALT, AST, TSB, and glucose with a non - significant increase (P>0.05) in the concentration of createnine. significant decrease (P <0.05) in the concentration of albumin, TSP, while an increase is not significant (P>0.05) in the concentration of globulin. There is effect of sex, age, BMI, and duration of the disease for patients with gallstones compared to healthy persons. There is effect of the taking contraceptive pills for female patients infected with gallstones compared to patients female non Taking contraceptive pills.

دراسة مناعية نسجية للاستجابة المناعية لسرطان الغدة اللبنية المغروسة في الفئران البيض == Immunological And Histological Study For Immune Response To Implanted Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma In Albino Mice

اسم المؤلف: نور ابراهيم عبد الزهرة شبر
اسم المشرف: احمد حميد عبود العزام | جميل جري يوسف الحميداوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد السرطان واحدا من المخاطر الاساسية التي تهدد حياة الانسان في مختلف بلدان العالم، لان هذا المرض لا يقف عند عضو معين فهو ينتشر الى كثير من اعضاء الجسم الاخرى ليفتك بها، ومن هذا انطلقت الدراسة الحالية التي اجـريت للفترة من تشرين الاول / 2012 م ولغاية اب | The Cancer is one of highly risk factors that threats the human life world wide, because the disease has metastatic property from primary to secondary sites. This study was carried out during the period extending between October 2012 and August 2013, in laboratories of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Faculty of Education for girls in University of Kufa. It is aimed to follow up the changes in volume of growing tumor in female albino mice which were injected with cells of murine mammary adenocarcinoma.The histological changes, immunohistochemical examination investigate the distribution of CD8+ T lymphocytes were also studied.The changes of IgG and IgM titers in serum were also investigated. The study included use of 40 female albino mice at age 6 - 8 weeks, 25g weight average.All mice were injected by cells of murine mammary adenocarcinoman (AM3) in subcutaneous of femoro - dorsal region, and ascending to cervical region. The tumor was successfully implanted into 28 mice.These mice divided into four groups, each contains seven tumor - bearing mice.The animals of the first group subjected to the investigations after 48 hrs from implantation , while those of 2nd, 3rd & 4th groups after 10, 20, 30 days respectively. Seven healthy mice were considered as control group to comparison of immunological tests. Tumor volume & relative tumor volume were measured in different experimental groups. Histological section were prepared by routine histological techniques that including the steps of dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding, cutting & staining by hematoxylin and eosin stains, then microscopical examination had been done by optic microscop. The results indicated there was significant increase in tumor volume and relative volume with advancing of tumor age in animals of 2nd, 3rd & 4th groups where compared with first group. The gross examination of the animals of different groups showed that the tumor grew as irregular projection with loss of hair and erosion of overlying skin with milky discharge. The post - mortem examination revealed that the tumor mass was divided into small lobules with various coloures and the tumor mass surrounded by fibrous tissue which increase in thickness as the tumor increased in the age. Extensive areas of necrosis were noticed in the centers of the tumor masses. The microscopic examination of tumor masses in the first group raveled there were sub cataneous small aggregation of tumor cells at the implantation region as well as dispersion of the implantated tumor cells. The inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils were infiltrated. In the second group, the tumor masses showed lobulation by fibrous septa with proliferation of new blood vessels with congestion of them. Infiltaration of inflammatory cells, particularly the lymphocytes. The tumor cells arranged as ribbons and acini, characterized by hyperchromacia pleomorphism, high N/C ratio as well as appearance of mitotic figures. The histological features of the third group revealed increase of amount of fibrous tissue extensive necrotic areas and loss of architecture.These appeared in the fourth group in addition to the presence of cellular debris with dead inflammatory cells. The immunohistochemical study showed no CD8+ T cells were infiltrated in the mass of first group but the little infiltration of these cells was show in the second group. The highest infiltration of the CD8+ T cells was appeared in the third group. while the little cells were discharged in the fourth group. The results of the single radial immunodiffussion assay showed that the implantation with mammary adenocarcinoma had significant effect in increasing the titer of IgM after (48) hours and (30) days from implantation of tumor compared to control group, while the titer is not significant after (10) and (20) days from implantation of the tumor compared to control group. Also the results revealed a significant decrease in the titer of IgG after (48) hours and (30) days from implantation of the tumor, while were no significant increase in the titer of immunoglobulin after (10) and (20) days from implantation of the tumor, compared to the control group. From all the above, We concluded that there was variable histological changes as the age of tumor advanced these changes were characterized by increase of amount of tumor cells in the first groups and occurrence of necrosis in late groups, as well as increase the fibrous tissue as the tumor age advanced. The infiltrative CD+8 lymphocyt was also variable as change of tumor age. The implantation of tumor in mice groups had marked effect in stimulation of humoral immune response through increase of IgM & IgG titers.

التعبير الجيني للمورث Erg11 وعلاقته بالمقاومة وظاهرة رجوع النمو لبعض عزلات خميرة المبيضات البيضاء المختبرة تجاه مضادات الازول الفطرية == Gene Expression of Erg11 And It’s Relation With Resistance And Trailing Growth Phenomena of Some Isolates of Candida Albicans Tested Against Azole Antifungals

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد الحسين عباس
اسم المشرف: عدنان حمد عبيد الحمداني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى الكشف عن دور المورث Erg11 والتعبير الجيني النسبي له في مقاومة خميرة المبيضات البيضاء C.albicans وعلاقته بنشوء عزلات مقاومة او ظاهرة رجوع النمو Trailing growth لهذه الخميرة عند اختبار حساسيتها الدوائية تجاه بعض مضادات الازول (الفلو | The current study aimed to detect the role of Erg11 gene and its relative expression in the resistance of Candida albicans, and its relationship with the emergence of resistace or Trailing growth isolates when tested its susceptibility against azoles agenst (fluconazole, ketoconazole). A total of 120 specimens were collected from patients of both gender with different ages whom infected with oral thrush, uro - genital and Gastrointestinal candidiasis and admitted the General Teaching Hospital and materinaty and children Teaching Hospital in AL - Diwaniyah city during the period from December/2012 to February / 2013. The isolation and identification of yeast isolates were done based on their morphological, Cultural and biochemical tests in addition to use the confirmatory systems such as the growth on Chrom Agar candida, Api Candida and Tobacco Agar medium to distinguish C.albicans from other yeast spp. Also, some virulence factors of C.albicans such germ tube formation, chlamydospores production, growth at of 45 c and resistance to cycloheximide were detected. The antibiotics sensitivity test was used in two method (disk diffusion & dilution) to determine the sensitive, trailing growth, resistance isolates and minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) toward azole agents. The qRT - PCR was used to detect the relative quantitative of Erg11 gene expression and its relationship with resistance to azole and emergence of trailing growth phenomena in the presence of Fluconazoles and ketoconazole. The isolation and identification results revealed that the isolation percent of C.albicans was 47.05 % incomparison with other Candida species that were 15.3%, 11.76 %, 8.23 % and 5.9 % for C.krusi, C.dubliniensis, C.tropicalis, C. parapsilasis and C.glabrata , respectively. The antibiotic susceptibity tests of C.albicans showed the presence of resistance precent (38.89%) to fluconazole and the most of sensitive isolates revealed a trailing growth phenomena in the zone of growth inhibition of floconazole in a ratio 55.56%. While the resistance percent to ketoconazole was 27.78 % and the sensitive isolates showed the trailing growth in a ratio (38.89%). The statistical analysis showed a significant differences (P <0.05) among tested treatments. The MICs values of fluconazole against C.albicans isolates were 8, 16, and 64 Mg/ml for sensitive isolates and were 0.125 and 0.5 Mg /ml for resistance isolates and the trailing growth phenomena occurred at MICs value ? 8 Mg/ml within 24 hours of incubation while the values became ? 64 Mg/ml after 48 hours of incubation.There was a significant differences (p< 0.05) among tested treatments isolates incubated at 24 hours while there was no significant differences (P>0.05) at 48 hours of incubation. In respect with Ketoconazole, the resistance of C.albicans was increased after 48 hours of incubation at MICs values 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Mg /ml while its was sensitive at values 4, 8 and 16 Mg /ml and the trailing growth phenomena occurred when the MICs ? 2 Mg/ml after 24 hrs of incubation, while it reached to ? 8 Mg/ml after 48 hrs of incubation. There was a significant differences (p< 0.05) among tested treatments incubated after 24 hours while there was no significant differences (P >0.05) among treatments after incubation 48 hours. The results of relative quantitative gene expression for both genes revealed a significant differences (p< 0.05) in gene expression levels through the occurrence of increased in the transcription of mRNA quantity among tested treatments.The up - regulation of Erg11 and fold change in mRNA transcription was 2.498 fold compared with 1.0 for control treatment after 24 hrs of incubation in the presence of antifungal, while the increasment was 12.606 fold after 48 hrs of incubation of isolates with antifungals.

دراسة بيئية للهائمات النباتية في مبزل CD4A (مبزل هور شعيب) الديوانية - العراق == Ecological Study of The Phytoplankton In Cd4A (Hor Shuaib) Drainage In Al - Diwaniya Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ابتسام كاظم خضر الصالحي
اسم المشرف: فؤاد منحر علكم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية بيئة الهائمات النباتية في مبزل CD4A (مبزل هور شعيب) في الديوانية - العراق. للمدة من ايلول 2011 حتى نهاية اب 2012 حيث تم اختيار ثلاثة مواقع على المبزل، يقع الموقع الاول في بداية مجرى المبزل عند قرية شويخة ويقع الثاني على بعد 10 كم من | The present study deal with phytoplankton in CD4A drainage for a year starting from September 2011 to August 2012.Three sites have been chosen, the first is near shoekha village at the beginning of the drainage, Second is after the first site ten kilometers, while the third site is at the end of the drainage after Neffr sub district. The study includes measuring physical, chemical and biological properties of drainage water which includes studying quality and quantity of phytoplankton. The study shows that the temperature of the air is ranged from 12.5 - 42.1 c? and water temperature is about(11.5 - 31.5) c? light penetration from 16 - 57cm while turbidity is(49 - 2.1)NTU The study shows that the pH is limited in along the period of the study (6.4 - 8.4), Electrical conductivity is approximately about (2247 - 8030 µs/cm), the water drainage Oligohaline The dissolved oxygen values was from 3 - 8.6 mg/l and carbon dioxide values were ranged from 80.2 - 227.8 mg/l, it also show that drain water is alkaline and bicarbonate ions prevailed, total alkaline is (281.3 - 102.6)mg/l of calcium carbonate. It is discovered that the water in the area under investigation is too hard, hardness values were ranged from 1439.5 - 517.6 mg/l, while Calcium concentrations were ranged from 232.5 - 98.1mg/l andMagnesium concentrations were ranged from 220.3 - 64.2mg/l. Chloride concentrations were ranged from802.01 - 334.1µg/l, while Sulfate concentrations were ranged from 1184.9 - 421.03µg/l Plant nutrients Nitrite concentrations are about (6.22 - 0.58) µg/l, Nitrate concentrations (122.3 - 19.5) µg/l and Phosphate concentrations are about (2.09 - 0.1) µg/l, Phytoplankton types which are diagnosed during study period (143). Bacillariophyceae is dominate on other class and Chlorophyceae Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, the study shows there are99, 120 and 125 species in the first, second and third site, the species that have highs number (Nitzschia, Navicula, Cynbella, Oscillatoria, chlorella, cocconeis, Amphora.Cyclotella), During the period study there are seasonal and site changes is total number of of phytoplankton which ranged about)5218.9 - 267.9 (x 103 cell/cm2. Statistical analysis showed there morale differences between locations and seasons in relation to physical, chemical and biological features also there is an interference between months, there are negative and positive, morale and in morale correlation between phytoplankton and physical, There are negative and positive, morale correlations between phytoplankton and physical, chemical features that measured during study period at probability level of (0.05).

تحديد تعبير الجين المتحمل للملوحة TaGSK1 في عدد من اصناف الحنـطـة == Determination of Gene Expression of Salt Tolerant Gene Tagsk1 In Wheat Cultivars

اسم المؤلف: ايمان نعمان اسماعيل
اسم المشرف: نورية عبد الحسين علي | مجيد ارشيد سباح
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت الدراسة الحالية في مركز بحوث التقنيات الاحيائية/ جامعة النهرين للمدة 2011 - 2012 لغرض الكشف عن جين الملوحة TaGSK1 ودراسة التعبير الجيني له في صنفين من الحنطة فرات ودجلة والتركيب الوراثي 2H المنتخبة لصفة تحمل الملوحة مقارنة مع الصنف تموز2 الحساس للملو | This study was conducted in biotechnology research center, Al - Nahrain university in 2011 - 2012 to detect the gene responsible for salt tolerant (TaGSKI) and study its expression in two wheat (Tigris and Euphrates) cultivars and the genotype (2H) were selected for salt tolerance through improvement and breeding programs as compared with to the sensitive local wheat cultivar (Tamooze 2). Seeds of the these cultivars were sown in flasks that contained Ms media in three salt levels (0, 15, 25) ds/m with three replication for each. Five seeds from each cultivars were sown in each replicate. After 10 - 15 days from the sowing, the percentage of germination was estimated, and samples of leaves were collected for RNA extraction and then changed to the cDNA. B - actin gene that consider endogenous control and salt tolerant gene TaGSK1 were amplificated by using PCR technique to discover the gene and by QPCR to estimate gene expression by determine the CT (Cycle Threshold) value for B - actin and TaGSK1 genes in wheat plants of the studying cultivars. Number of DNA dilutions of 189bp molecular weight that extracted from agarose gel were used to determing CT value for each dilution. Standard curves were drawn to find out value of PCR Efficiency which was used for gene expression for the salt tolerant gene TaGSK1.The results of germination percentage (%) showed that there were high differences between the two salt tolerant cultivars (Tigris and Euphrates) and 2H genotype and local cultivar (Tamooze 2). Euphrates cultivar gave 100% germination percentage, and the Tigris cultivar and 2H genotype gave 89, 86% germination percentage respectively at 25ds/m. whilst the local cultivar gave zero germination percentage at the same level of salinity. At 15ds/m level, also the Euphrates cultivar gave 100% germination percentage while the Tigris cultivar and 2H genotype gave 96, 94% germination percentage respectively as compared to Tamooze cultivar that gave 13% germination percentage. All the cultivars have 100% germination percentage at 0.0ds/m level. The conclusion of this result is the two cultivars (Tigris and Euphrates) and 2H genotype more salt tolerance than local cultivar at this growth stage which more salt sensitive than others growth stages. The results of PCR reaction were also indicated that Tigris and Euphrates cultivars and 2H genotype have salt tolerant gene TaGSK1, while this gene did not exist in the local cultivar. There were two bands of TaGSK1 gene that have 189bp and 404bp molecular weight in the Tigris and Euphrates cultivar and the genotype 2H, while the local cultivars have only one band that have 404bp molecular weight. These results were indicated that 189bp molecular weight of this gene is responsible for salt tolerance character in these cultivars.The results of QPCR reaction also were revealed that there is difference between the cultivars in their gene expression. Tigris and Euphrates cultivars and 2H genotype gave the highest gene expression at 15ds/m and increased at 25ds/m as compared to 0.0ds/m. At the second level 15ds/m the gene expression of the two cultivars and genotype was 0.8682, 0.8190 and 0.8688 respectively, and at the third level 25ds/m was 1.656, 1.3176 and 1.2665 respectively, while at the first level 0.0ds/m was less than the other 15, 25 ds/m as compared to local cultivar that the gene salt tolerant (TaGSK1) have no gene expression at the same salt levels. This result indicated that the local cultivar does not have salt tolerant gene TaGSK1. From these results we can revealed that TaGSK1 gene was found in the Tigris and Euphrates cultivars and 2H genotype, and this gene can be considered from high salt tolerant gene, because it gave the highest gene expression at the highest salt level 25ds/m. Therefore this gene help the plant to tolerate salt stress and grow very well. The results also showed that the two salt tolerant cultivars (Tigris and Euphrates) and the salt tolerant genotype (2H) proximately have the same salt tolerance degree, so they have proximately the same gene expression as compared to salt sensitive local cultivar which have no salt tolerant gene TaGSK1. This gene is good indicator for salt tolerance at high salinity levels 15, 25 ds/m in these cultivars and genotype.
1 ... 88 89 90 91 92 ... 166