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تحليل كفاءة النشاط الاستثماري في العتبة العباسية المقدسة : شركة الكفيل للاستثمارات العامة (حالة دراسية) Analyzing the efficiency of Investing Activity of Holy Abbasy Ataba Al - kafeel Co. for Investment as a sample

اسم المؤلف: عبد الله حسن عبد الكاظم الطفيلي
اسم المشرف: حسين ديكان درويش الدليمي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: تقويم الاداء
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد المشاريع الاستثمارية من الدعائم الاساسية للاقتصاد الوطني وتلعب دورا رئيسا في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية بسبب قوة الروابط الخلفية والامامية بينهوابين اغلب القطاعات في الاقتصاد الوطني اذ يعتمد عليها في تنمية القطاعات الصناعية والزراعية والخدمية وتطويرها فضلا عن ضرورتهوااهميتها في التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في البلد., شركة لانتاج الاعلاف الحيوانية التابعة الى شركة الكفيل للاستثمارات العامة التابعة للعتبة العباسية المقدسة لغرض تقويم ودعم قطاع مربى الدواجن في العراق من خلال تجهيزهم بالاعلاف المركزة صحية ومناسبة ولاكمال مخطط التربية والانتاج والجزر داخل البلد وللمساهمة بدعم الاقتصاد الوطني لبيان اهمية الاستثمارات ومساهمتها في زيادة القيمة الحالية الصافيه وتنطلق الفرضية من قدرة شركة الواحة للانتاج الاعلاف احدى الشركات المكونة لشركة الكفيل للاستمارات العامة على استغلال مشروعاتها المتاحة وطاقاتها الانتاجية الاستغلال الامثل في حالة عدم وجود اسباب اقتصادية واجتماعية وادارية تعيق ذلك وان معايير تقييم كفاءة الاداء الاقتصادي والاجتماعي ستمكننا من كشف نقاط القوة والضعف في مستوى اداء مشروعات الشركة وما متاح لها من موارد وطاقات للقيام بالعملية الانتاجية والتخطيط لهواالتخصيص الامثل للموارد والانتاج الاكفواكانت القيمة المضافة لشركة الكفيل ومن ضمنها شركة الواحة لانتاج اعلاف الدواجن (2356480000) دينار مقارنة مع الشركات الاخرى المكونة لشركة الكفيل وانطلاقا من فرضية البحث وبغية تحقيق الاهداف التي تسعى الباحثة لتحقيقها فقد احتوت الدراسة على ثلاثة مباحث تناول المبحث الاول منها الاطار النظري والمفاهيمي لدراسة الجدوى والاستثمار وتقييم كفاءة الاداء الاقتصادي اما المبحث الثاني تناول اهم المعايير والمؤشرات لقياس تقييم كفاءة الاداء الاقتصادي التي لاتعتمد على سعر الخصم وكذالك المعايير التي تعتمد على سعر الخصم وكذالك المعايير الانتاجية اما المبحث الثالث فقد تناول واقع شركة الواحة لانتاج اعلاف الدواجن وقد تم تقسيم المبحث على ثلاث مطالب تناول الاول الاطار التعريفي شركة الواحة لانتاج اعلاف الدواجن وتضمن المطلب الثاني تطور اهم المؤشرات الاقتصادية للشركة شركة الواحة لانتاج اعلاف الدواجن اما المطلب الثالث تناول تقييم كفاءة الاداء الاقتصادي للشركات المكونة لشركة الكفيل للاستثمارات اي تحليل مؤشرات تقييم كفاءة الاداء الاقتصادي للشركات المكونة لشركة الكفيل للاستثمارات العامة لعام 2016 من خلال مجموعة من المعايير العامة والفرعية حيث كانت مؤشرات تحليل كفاءة النشاط الاستثماري التي لاتعتمد على سعر الخصم والخاصة بمعيار العائد على الاستثمارحيث بلغ (0.467)ومعيار فترة الاسترداد بلغ وكذالك عدم الاستغلال الامثل للطاقات الانتاجية وارتفاع نسب الضياع من الطاقة، اي الطاقة الانتاجية الفعلية اقل من الطاقة المخططة وجائت التوصيات في ضرورة الاهتمام بعملية تقييم كفاءة الاداء الاقتصادي للشركة وبشكل دوري سنوي ومستمر لضمان تحقيق الاهداف الموضوعية المرسومة من قبل ادارة الشركة والواردة في دراسات الجدوى الاقتصادية لغرض الكشف عن الانحرافات وتحديد اسبابها في حينهوامعالجتهواتلافي المشاكل والمعوقات وتراكمهواكذالك بالامكان شركة الواحة لانتاج اعلاف الدواجن الاعتماد على الكفاءات والخبرات الاقتصادية والادارية وتشغيل الايدي العاملة المتعلمة من الخريجين وذو الكفاءاة العلمية القيمة | Investing projects are considered major supporting assets for the national economy and played a major role in the system of economic growth because of the strong bonds between it and most of sectors of national economy that country relies on them in growth of industrial, agricultural and servicing sectors and developing them in addition to its necessity into the economic and social growth inside the country, the time limits of the research in showing data of Al - Kafeel company for general investments for the year 2016 to evaluate the performance of the company by using economic indications and criteria and analyzing costs and incomes. Consisting sub - companies of the main Al - Kafeel Co. for General Investments are important for its production of food material, industrial material and animal productions which are considered important sources for food plus participation of this research to improving the economic activity via process of evaluating the efficiency of economic performance and make sure of the efficiency of allocating and using the available resources on best way in Al - Kafeel Co. for General Investments, most important reasons to prepare this research is most of investment projects agricultural and industrial in the country suffer from following the inactive method in exploitation the available economic resources and our goal is identifying the nature of economic activity of Al - Kafeel Co. for General Investments in term of investment and productivity also analyzing indications of economic profitability in several chosen companies that compose Al - Kafeel Co. for General Investments, the study included chapters, first chapter dealt with the theoretical and conceptual frame of feasibility study, evaluation the efficiency of economic performance and analyzing the investment, while the second chapter included most important indication and criteria to measure the evaluation of economic performance that don’t rely on discount price also the criteria that rely of discount price and the productive criteria, while the third chapter dealt with the reality of investing sub - companies of Al - Kafeel Co. for General Investments and evaluate the efficiency of performance in other words analyzing indications of evaluating of performance evaluation of sub - companies that belong to Al - Kafeel Co. for General Investments for the year 2016 via social and economic evidences, we have come up with some recommendations like, formal offices are required to support and develop Al - Kafeel Co. for General Investments through ensuring raw materials, deposit liquidation, tax exemptions, also Al - Kafeel Co. for General Investments can rely on economic and management skills and capabilities, hiring young people of the new graduates, variety of commodities of the Iraqi consumers via increasing Al - Kafeel products in Iraqi markets either animal or vegetarian products , we have come up with the fact that there are many obstacles that confront industrial and agricultural projects like the lack of raw materials or scarcity of them, irregular supplying importing sources due to unstable security and economy situation in the country of Iraq, existence of many imported foreign goods which is considered as a main problem that Al - Kafeel Co. for General Investments products have faced. No good exploitation of productive powers and high rates of loses in energy, means the produced energy is less than the planned real need of power in the country that led to high costs of products and failed to compete in the local markets.

دور البنك المركزي في تحقيق الاستقرار النقدي في العراق للمدة (2003 - 2015) The role of the central Bank in achieving monetary stability in Iraq for the period (2003 - 2015)

اسم المؤلف: جمانة علي باقر
اسم المشرف: خالد حسين علي المرزوك
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم المالية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف البحث الى بيان النجاح اوالاخفاق في اداء البنك المركزي العراقي بعد 2003 عن طريق استخدامه لوسائل وادوات السياسة النقدية الحديثة كمزاد العملة والتسهيلات القائمة ومزاد الحوالات والسندات لما لها من دور كبير في تحقيق الاستقرار النقدي ،وتحديد العوائق التي تقف في طريق تحقيق اهدافه واستخدام النموذج القياسي في تحليل اثر مؤشرات السياسة النقدية والمتمثلة بعرض النقد وسعر الفائدة وسعر الصرف في معدل نمو الناتج المحلي الاجمالي ومعدل التضخم .من اجل الوصول الى هدف البحث فقد تم تقسيمه الى ثلاثة فصول تناول الاول منها البنك المركزي والسياسة النقدية والاستقرار النقدي اما الفصل الثاني فجاء تحت عنوان البنك المركزي العراقي وتطور السياسة النقدية اما الفصل الثالث فتناول قياس اثر ادوات البنك المركزي في تحقيق الاستقرار النقدي في الاقتصاد العراقي (1990 - 2015) واعتمد البحث على فرضية مفادها ان السياسة النقدية التي يقوم بها البنك المركزي العراقي كانت كفيلة بتحقيق حالة الاستقرار النقدي اثناء المدة المدروسة في البحث ، وقد توصل البحث الى استنتاجات اهمها استخدام البنك المركزي لادوات حديثة بالاضافة الى الادوات النقدية التقليدية ساهمت بشكل كبير في تحقيق الاهداف ويتبين من النتائج القياسية ان مؤشرات السياسة النقدية المستخدمة في النموذج القياسي ولكلا المعادلتين لها تاثير كبير في المتغيرات التابعة عندما بلغ (R2) المتمثلة بمعامل التحديد 97% مما يعني ان المتغيرات المستقلة فسرت 97% من المتغيرات التابعة ، وكذلك يتضح ايضا من العلاقة بين المتغيرات المستقلة والمتغيرات التابعة المستخدمة في البحث انها لاتتفق جميعا مع منطق النظرية الاقتصادية يعود سبب ذلك للقرارات غير الصائبة المتخذة في اغلب المجالات ان لم يكن جميعهوااعتماد الناتج المحلي الاجمالي على مصدر يكاد يكون الاوحد للايرادات المتمثل بالقطاع النفطي كبلد ريعي .فالعلاقة بين مؤشرات السياسة النقدية المستخدمة في بحثنا كمتغيرات مستقلة ومعدل نمو الناتج المحلي الاجمالي كمتغير تابع في النموذج القياسي الاول او المعادلة الاولى فنجد ان سعر الصرف لايتفق مع طبيعة النظرية الاقتصادية جاءت هذه النتيجة بسبب التقلبات الحادة التي كان يشهدها سعر الصرف الاجنبي امام الدينار والتي تعمل على تباطؤ عملية النمو الاقتصادي ،كذلك الحال بالنسبة لعرض النقد فالاشارة السالبة تدل على علاقته العكسية مع معدل نمو الناتج المحلي الاجمالي وهذا لايتفق مع منطق النظرية الاقتصادية وان سبب ذلك يعود الى ضعف القطاعات الاقتصادية المنتجة عدا قطاع النفط الذي لايتاثر بعرض النقد وانما يؤثر فيه،اما العلاقة بين مؤشرات السياسة النقدية المستخدمة في بحثنا كمتغيرات مستقلة ومعدل التضخم كالمتغير تابع في النموذج القياسي الثاني نجد ان عرض النقد يرتبط بعلاقة عكسية مع معدل التضخم وهذه النتيجة مخالفة لمنطق النظرية الاقتصادية ، وذلك يعود الى طبيعة الاقتصاد العراقي وهيكل التجارة الخارجية فيه والمتمثلة بالحدود المفتوحة وسياسة الاغراق التي تمارسها العديد من دول العالم تجاه العراق، كذلك سعر الفائدة فالاشارة الموجبة تدل على العلاقة الطردية بينه وبين معدل التضخم وهذا مخالف لمنطق النظرية الاقتصادية الذي يشير الى وجود علاقة عكسية بينهم . وهذا التقلب في سعر الفائدة يبين ان البنك المركزي العراقي كان مقيدا بالقرارات التي تطلقها الحكومة هذا يجعل من سعر الفائدة يمارس تاثيرا طفيفا في السياسة النقدية للبلد .

تاثير لوجستك التوزيع في تحقيق رضا الزبون : دراسة تحليلية لاراء عينة من الزبائن والعاملين في شركة توزيع المنتجات النفطية - هياة توزيع الفرات الاوسط فرع بابل The Impact of Logistics Distribution in achieving customer satisfaction Analytical Study in Oil Products Distribution State Company Babylon Branch

اسم المؤلف: حسنين حميد محسن الجباوي
اسم المشرف: مجبل رفيق مرجان
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: ادارة صناعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تحديد تاثير لوجستك التوزيع في رضا الزبون ، ولتحقيق ذلك اعتمدت الدراسة لوجستك التوزيع بابعاده المتمثلة بـ ( النقل , المستودعات , ادارة المخزون , معالجة الطلبات ) ورضا الزبون بابعاده المتمثلة بـ ( الاعتمادية , الاستجابة , العناية , الثقة , الملموسية ) . وقد حاولت الدراسة الاجابة عن تساؤلات المشكلة ومن اهمها تحديد طبيعة العلاقة بين لوجستك التوزيع ورضا الزبون , مدى تاثير لوجستك التوزيع في رضا الزبون . وقد اجريت الدراسة في الشركة العامة لتوزيع المنتجات النفطية / هياة توزيع الفرات الاوسط / فرع بابل , وتم اعتماد الاستبانة للحصول على البيانات اللازمة وكذلك المقابلات الشخصية ، حيث تم تحليل اراء (63) من العاملين في الشركة الى جانب (90) من الزبائن المتعاملين معها . وقد تم استخدام معامل الارتباط البسيط لقياس علاقات الارتباط بين المتغيرات وكذلك اختبار (Z) لاختبار معنوية هذه العلاقة واختبار (T) لتحديد معنوية معادلة الانحدارالبسيط والمتعدد والتحليل العاملي التوكيدي . وقد سعت الدراسة الى تحقيق مجموعة من الاهداف اهمها تقييم مدى فهم المنظمة المبحوثة لـ ( لوجستك التوزيع ) ومدى تنفيذه وتحديد ابعاد لوجستك التوزيع ورضا الزبون . وقد توصلت الدراسة الى جملة من الاستنتاجات اهمها : 1 - شروع الشركة بالتعاقد مع شركات خاصة للنقل بدلا من الافادة من خطوط الانابيب المت | This study aimed to determine the effect of logistics distribution in customer satisfaction. To achieve this, the study depended on logistics distribution (transportation, warehousing, inventory management and processing orders) and customer satisfaction with its dimensions (reliability, responsiveness, Empathy, Assurance, Tangibility). The study tried to answer on the questions of the problem, the most important of which is to determine the nature of the relationship between logistics distribution and customer satisfaction, the extent of the impact of logistics distribution in customer satisfaction. The study was applied in the General Company for the distribution of petroleum products / Central Euphrates Distribution Authority / Babel Branch. The questionnaire was adopted to obtain the necessary data as well as the personal interviews. The opinions of (63) employees were analyzed in addition to (90) customers. The simple correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation between the variables as well as the (Z) test for the significance of this relationship and the (T) test to determine the significance of the regression equation. The study has sought to achieve a set of objectives, The most important of which is to assess the extent of the organization's understanding of the logistics and the extent of its implementation, and to identify indicators of logistics distribution and customer satisfaction. The study reached a number of conclusions : 1 - Contracting with private transport companies instead of benefiting from the available and workable pipelines.2 - The size and number of warehouses does not fit with the city's need of oil products.

اثر تقلبات سعر الصرف في الاستخدام في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (1990ـ2015) Effect of Exchange Rate fluctuations on Employment on The Iraqi Economy for the period (1990 - 2015

اسم المؤلف: دعاء عبد الامير عبد المهدي
اسم المشرف: عبد الخالق دبي الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم المالية والمصرفية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الاقتصاد العراقي شانه شان اغلب اقتصادات البلدان النامية تعرض الى العديد من الاختلالات الاقتصادية وبشكل اكثر حدة منذ مطلع التسعينيات من القرن الماضي وحتى وقتنا الحاضر مما ادى الى فقدانه عوامل الاستقرار الاقتصادي، بفعل الحروب والعقوبات الاقتصادية التي تعرض لها البلد وضعف تعبئة الموارد المحلية، وتزايد الاعتماد على التمويل الخارجي . وتعد مشكلة التشغيل من اخطر المشاكل التي يواجهها الاقتصاد العراقي، وذلك لان طابع التشغيل السائد هو طابع لا انتاجي واثر هذا على عملية التنمية الحقيقية واعاقتها . ومما تقدم فان اول عمل يجب القيام به هو اصلاح نمط التشغيل السائد، وذلك لاتباع العراق نظام تشغيل يعتمد الاعالة والسبب عدم امتلاكه نظام لاعالة البطالة . ولحل هذه المشكلة فان الامر يتطلب التغيير في بيئة اعمال الاقتصاد العراقي والاعتماد على القطاع الخاص واعادة النظر بالقرارات الاقتصادية الخاطئة التي كان لها الدور المؤثر في اغلب التشوهات والازمات التي اصابت الاقتصاد ، ومن هنا تاتي اهمية البحث من الدور الذي يمكن ان يؤديه سعر الصرف في التاثير في الاستخدام من خلال مجموعة من المتغيرات منها (الصادرات ، الاستيرادات ، الايرادات ، النفقات ، ناتج القطاع الصناعي ، الناتج المحلي الاجمالي ، التضخم ) ، ويعد الاستخدام من اهم العوامل الانتاجية وان نتائج العملية الانتاجية تؤول الى اليد العاملة . واستنتج البحث ان دخول اعداد جديدة من العاملين الى سوق العمل بعد بلوغهم سن العمل او تخرجهم من الجامعات والمعاهد وعدم توفر فرص فرص العمل لهم ادى لزيادة معدلات البطالة ، ووجود علاقة قوية بين سعر الصرف والاستخدام من خلال مجموعة من المتغيرات حيث بلغ ال R - squared )0.987348( . واوصى البحث بضرورة دعم وتفعيل قطاعات الزراعة والطاقة والبناء والتشييد والسياحة والارتقاء بالبنى التحتية, لان تفعيل هذه القطاعات سيزيد من مستوى الاستخدام ، بالاضافة الى القيام بتنويع الاقتصاد وذلك من خلال الاستفادة من الايرادات النفطية والاعتماد على القطاعات الرئيسية كالزراعة والصناعة وهذا بدوره سيزيد من مساهمة هذه القطاعات وخاصة السلعية في اجمالي الصادرات , ومن ثم تقليل مخاطر الاعتماد على مادة اولية واحدة في التصدير والتي تخضع للتغيرات الخارجية والتي تحتاج الى ايدي عاملة بصورة اكبر مما يؤدي الى زيادة فرص العمل . | the Iraqi economy, like most of the economies of developing countries exposed to many economic imbalances and more sharply since the early nineties of the last century to the present time, which led to the loss of factors of economic stability, the wars and economic sanctions imposed on Iraq, as well as weak domestic resource mobilization, and increased reliance on external financing, and is a problem Alchg For the most serious problems facing the Iraqi economy, and because the prevailing operating , the nature of the character is not productive and that the real impact on the development process has been held up. The first work to be done is to reform the prevailing mode of operation, for Iraq to have a dependable operating system and a lack of an unemployment support system. To solve this problem, it requires a change in the environment of the Iraqi economy, relying on the private sector and correcting the wrong economic decisions that have had an influential role in most of the distortions and crises that have afflicted the economy. Hence the importance of research on the role that the exchange rate can play in influencing Employment through set of variables (Exports, imports, revenues, expenditures, output of the industrial sector, GDP, inflation), and the Employment of the most important productive factors and the results of the process of production turn to the labor force . Research concluded that the high unemployment in the Iraqi economy during a search, and enter new numbers of workers to the labor market after reaching the age of work or graduate from universities and institutes which did not provide them with jobs, and that increased the unemployment phenomenon ,and the value of R - squared (0.987348) this means there is a strong relationship between the exchange rate and employment. The research recommended the need to support and activate the sectors of agriculture, energy, construction, tourism and upgrading of infrastructure, because the activation of these sectors will increase the level of employment, in addition to the do the diversification of the economy through the use of oil revenue and rely on key sectors such as agriculture and industry which in turn will increase the contribution of these sectors, particularly in commodity exports, and thus reduce the risk of relying on a single raw material exports that are subject to external changes which need more hands, leading to an increase in employment

قياس اثر صدمة الايرادات النفطية في متغيرات السياسة النقدية في العراق للمدة 1999 - 2015 The Measurement of The Impact Of The Shock Of Oil Revenues In The Variables Of Monetary Policy In Iraq For The Period (1999 - 2015)

اسم المؤلف: سيف علي عبد الرزاق شريف الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: حسين ديكان درويش الدليمي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: e advantage of the Iraqi economy it's parish because it's dependence on the oil sector which is the main source of financing of the revenue side of the state budget by more than (82%) and constitutes more than (56%) of GDP in light of the decline in other economic sector's, and this dependency has imposed on the economy a feature of instability and volatility towards the crises in oil revenues associated directly oil prices which created a permanent deficit in the state budget and trade balance due to dependence on imports to cover domestic demand for goods and services, and this dependency has made the monetary power (Central Bank of Iraq), face difficulties in controlling monetary policy variables in a manner that ensures the achievement of it's final objectives of which the most important is economic stability and the preservation of the foreign exchange rate and reduce inflation rate due to the directly relationship between oil revenues and money supply through public expenditure which is increasing by increas oil revenues and this expenditure increase the growth rate of money supply more than the GDP growth rate thus raising the general price level(Raising inflation rates) especially in the context of a budget to cover current expenditure (consumption)on the base of reducing investment expenditures .Therefore, this study attached to impact measuring the effw of oscillations in the oil revenues on monetary policy variables . For the duration(1999 - 2015), Due to dependency on the hypothesis that oscillations (Shocks)The oil revenues in both (The positive and negative) contribute to monitoring the course and movement of macro - economic variables in Iraq between the state of stability and economic cycles .And to achieve this hypothesis the structure of the study was divided into three chapters the first one dealt with the theoretical framework of the oil economy and monetary economy and identify the mechanism of measuring Shock.The second dealt with the analysis of economic variables of the Iraqi economy .and the third dealt with economic measurement to the impact of the shock of oil revenues in the variables of monetary policy .The research results reflected the big role which exercised by oil revenue shocks in the Iraqi macroeconomy to the short run and long run .The study recommends the central Bank Iraq must use the monetary policy tools to adjust the growth rates of money supply compatible with GDP growth rates at the lowest cost to sustain the foreign currency reserves .

استقصاء قلف شجرة الكالبتوس كمانع تاكل للفولاذ الكربوني X52 في الاوساط المختلفة للانابيب الناقلة للنفط الخام Investigation The Bark Of Eucalyptus Tree As Corrosion Inhibitor For Carbon Steel X52 In Different Media Of Crude Oil Pipelines

اسم المؤلف: زينب فؤاد حمزة الشريفي
اسم المشرف: كاظم فنطيل السلطاني
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة المعادن
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In the oil and gas industry, the crude oil pipelines which made of low carbon steel suffer from internal corrosion. The corrosion operation is originally related with the presence of the wastewater mixed with the crude oil, especially when it is accompanied by hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, elemental sulfur, inorganic salts, organic acids, and bacteria. Corrosion inhibitors injection in the oilfield is a most common and beneficial method for prevention the pipelines internal corrosion. Because of a high cost and toxic nature of the chemical corrosion inhibitors which used presently in oil industry, it is necessary to promote a less expensive and environmentally acceptable inhibitors, natural plants can be treated as a perfect sources for this purpose.This study investigate the internal corrosion of low carbon steel pipelines in fluid environments, as well as prepare and use natural and locally available plant ( the bark of eucalyptus tree) as a natural corrosion inhibitor, and compared the new inhibitor with a chemical inhibitor used by Missan Oil Company (MOC) in terms of the cost, toxicity, availability and performance.Some experiments were achieved to estimate the performance of a new inhibitor, one of these tests include corrosion measurement by simple immersion in crude oil within and without of inhibitors which added in different amounts 30, 40, 50, and 60 ppm , where the best inhibition efficiencies which get when added the inhibitors in a critical amounts or closest to it, since for the aqueous extract (EB - A) the inhibition efficiency reached (94.4) and (86.71)% at 300 and 323K respectively, and for diethyl ether extract (EB - D) reached (82.87) and (84.6)% at 300 and 323K respectively, while the chemical inhibitor (CRW) which used by MOC reach to (84.21) and (88.73)% at 300 and 323K respectively.optical microscopy examination have been conducted to evaluate the corrosion nature where it show a clear difference in the topography of the immersed samples surface after add the inhibitors at two temperatures.Another tests was achieved to evaluate the corrosion behavior such as potentiostatic polarization and open circuit potential tests in wastewater, since the inhibitor efficiency at 313k reached (88.21)% when add a 60ppm from the EB - A inhibitor to the wastewater in Tafel extrapolation, while it reached (74.91)% when add a 30ppm from the EB - D inhibitor.Several tests was achieved such as FT - IR spectra and using a chemical reagents to detection the presence of many active groups and the presence of tannins, phenols and alkaloids in the Eucalyptus Bark (EB).The results show , that the new corrosion inhibitor is not only equivalent to a chemical inhibitor, but have greatly improvement properties such as : high efficiency , low cost , non - toxic , easily to product, and nonpolluting as compared with chemical inhibitor which is considered toxic and cancering inhibitor.

استقصاء الخواص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية لنحاس الومينا متدرج وظيفيا Investigation Of Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Cu/Al2O3 Functionally Graded Materials

اسم المؤلف: رؤى حاتم كاظم
اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن كاظم عبد علي
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة المعادن
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: One of the most important smart material is the functionally graded materials, which had more increasing attention in different engineering applications.In this study, five - layered stepwise Cu/Al2O3 as functionally graded materials have been prepared from copper powder with five percentage of alumina powder as (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 Wt%) by using powder metallurgy technique. Mixing of copper (34.32 ?m) and alumina (1.439 ?m) powders for two hours and then several disk sample with dimensions (14mm diameter and 10mm thickness) and cylindrical specimens with (18mm diameter and 27 height) have been compacting at different compacting stresses (550, 650 and 750 MPa). However, sintering of specimens for three hours at 850?C under vacuum about has been achieved.Several physical tests such as porosity, electrical resistance and thermal conductivity, X - ray diffraction, X - ray Fluorescence and Particale size analysis have been achieved. Furthermore, Microstructure and mechanical tests such as hardness, compression, double shear and dry sliding wear have been done for preparing samples from composite and functionally graded material.Numerical modeling using finite element analysis by ANSYS software has been presented for copper/alumina joints and compare with copper/alumina functionally graded materials.From the several experimental results, it is clear that the best compacting pressure was 650 MPa is determined by measuring green density at different compacting pressure, hardness increased with the increasing additive percentage of alumina, hardness resultschange in each layer by producing functionally graded materials (FGM) according to the percentage of the harder constituent (i.e. Al2O3) from 53 to 113 HV at compacting pressure 650 MPa, While the shear strength decreases with alumina increased from 72 MPa for layer one to 28 MPa for layer five at compacting pressure 650 MPa. The Wear rate increases as the time and load is increased. The wear resistance increased with increasing contain of Alumina. Results from the numerical modeling, it is clear that residual thermal stresses gradually decreased from the interface to the edges of functionally graded sample whereas in Copper/Alumina joint there is very high thermal residual stress in the joint interface.

تاثير معدل التبريد على خواص سبيكة Ag - Cu - Sn Effects Of Cooling Rate On Roperties Of (Ag - Cu Sn) Ternary Alloy

اسم المؤلف: جمان حيدر ساجت
اسم المشرف: حيدر حسن جابر جمال الدين
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة المعادن
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Dental fillings is widely used because of good mechanical properties and low cost but also was one of the more fillings topic of discussion and it studied continuously.The objective of this research is studing the effect of the cooling rate on the phases and properties of amalgam. two alloys were prepared by two types of casting (die casting and sand casting) with fixed percentage of tin, copper, silver and zinc for both alloys respectively about (7.5gm, 6.25gm , 10.75gm , 0.5gm).The process done by using an electric furnace in an inert gas atmosphere of argon and alloys thermally treated at a temperature (400C?) for a period of four hours for the purpose of homogenization phases alloys. And then it was studying the microstructure using an optical microscope. And using X - ray diffraction to determine the phases in alloys.The phase evaluation showed that the phases in the amalgam alloy (die alloy) has ? (Ag3Sn) , ? (Cu3Sn), and one other phase ? (Cu6Sn5) and the phases in the amalgam alloy (sand alloy) has ? (Ag3Sn) and ? (Cu3Sn). Then alloys have been converted into powder using a ball mill. The powder was treated thermally output for temperature (100C?) for a period of three hours atmosphere vacuum to remove internal stresses.The amalgam manufactured according to the ADA specification No.1 where he was mixing 0.8gm from each of the mercury and the powder for 30 seconds mined device and then put the dough, resulting in the mold of Teflon and sheds them straining compression amount (14MN / m2) for a period of 85 seconds still stress after that, the sample isextracted from the mold after the half - hour and placed in a glass chamber at a temperature of 37 ± 1C?.Microstructure of the amalgams were studied primarily by x - ray diffraction, optical microscopy.The phase analysis of two amalgams shows two phases; ?1, ?.studied the mechanical properties (tensile, compression, creep, dimensional change, hardness) and the result was that all properties effected with the change of the colling rate.It was conducted two types of corrosion tests are testing the open circuit (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization in industrial saliva solution at a temperature of 37 ± 1C?.

تحسين الاداء الحراري للمائع النانوي في المبادلات الحرارية Enhancement Of Thermal Performance Of Nanofluids In Heat Exchangers

اسم المؤلف: شهد فالح حسن
اسم المشرف: تحسين علي الحطاب
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكهروكيمياوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: التقنية الواعدة التي تستخدم لتعزيز عملية الانتقال الحراري هي باستخدام الموائع النانوية كخيار جيد واستبدالها محل السوائل التقليدية الشائعة. والمبادلات الحرارية هي معدات واسعة التطبيق في كثير من التطبيقات الصناعية المختلفة وبالتالي يكون سلوك وخصائص المائع | The most promising technique that is used to enhance the thermal performance for the heat transfer processes is using the nanofluids as a good choice to replace the conventional fluids. The heat exchangers are the wide range application equipment that is used for different industrial applications and therefore, the properties and the behavior of the fluid media are the main control parameters in equipment design of the heat exchangers. In this work an attempt was made to investigate experimentally the thermal performance of nanofluid which consists of deionized water (DI) as a base fluid and Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as solid nanoparticles. The investigation includes two parts, the first one is studying the effect of addition of solid nanoparticles to the base fluid on the thermo - physical properties such as density, viscosity and thermal conductivity for different values of the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The second part includes the experimental work studying the effect of the nanoparticles (Al2O3) volume fraction (0.05, 0.1 with base fluid ), heat flux (With three values 7.4W,11W,16.8W) and angle (With two values 90?,45?) with four models (four different type from wicks in heat pipe) to enhance the heat transfer in heat pipe with two cases of transient temperature distribution and steady state. One model is different from the other by using different wicks in a heat pipe in all models. The general results referred to the enhancement of heat transfer rate are represented by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles (Al2O3) volume fraction such as (?=0.1) is better than (?=0, ?=0.05), increasing heat flux such as (16.8W) is better than (7.4W,11W) and an inclination angle such as( 45?) is better than (90?).At the transient state the time to reach to the steady state decreases when the concentration of the nanoparticles (Al2O3) volume fraction increases, the heat flux increases and the angle incline. In model 4 the heat transfer enhancement is better than that of model 3 and model 3 is better than that of model 2 and model 2 is better than that of model 1.The time to reach the steady state decreases in model 4 more than model 3, model 2 and model 1. The temperature decreases in the heat pipe when we gradually sidle from heater. The time to reach to steady state found in model 4 at concentration of nanofluid (?=0.1) and heat flux (16.8W) in angle (45?) is (19 min). In the steady state when we increase the concentration of the nanoparticles (Al2O3) volume fraction at the same distance (z) the temperature increases ,The increase in the heat flux of the hot part of the heat pipe will always increase the temperature in the heat pipe and the temperatures distribution in the heat pipe will be improved. The thermal performance of the heat pipe is enhanced by increasing the concentration of the nanofluid , the heat flux and by inclining the heat pipe from 90? angle to 45? angle such as in result of model 4.

تصميم تقسيم مساحة نظام الارسال الضوئي لنظم الاتصالات Design And Implementation Of Optical Space Division Multiplexer For Tera (B/S) Communication Systems

اسم المؤلف: مصدق ماهر عبد الزهرة
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم عبد الله حمزة الشمري
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اتصالات الالياف البصرية هي العمود الفقري للبنية التحتية للاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية التي تدعم شبكة الانترنت. النظام الاحادي الالياف المستخدم لنقل البينات لم يعد يلبي طلب الحصول على القدرة العالية والمتنامية بشكل مستمر. هناك العديد من الطرق الممكنة لزياد | Optical fiber communication system is considered as the backbone for the infrastructure of telecommunications that handles the internet. The exponentially growing capacity is no longer satisfied by using transmission of single mode fiber. There are several possible methods for increasing transmission capacity over fixed bandwidth. These include mix many signals with optical - carrier onto a one optical fiber by achieving various wavelengths, modulation employing different amplitude levels, and two orthogonal subcarriers and polarization. An extra dimension that a fiber can offer for achieving more information is space.This project demonstrates simulation systems for Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) transmission system using Few - Mode Fiber (FMF). Polarization division multiplexing (PDM) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) techniques are also used in this system to increase total system data rate. For the ultra - high capacity need of SDM, Few Mode Fiber (FMF) was proposed as SDM best technology for obtaining ultra - high bit rate systems with long haul transmission. Inter - mode losses that appears in higher - order - modes was the most problem to be resolved. In this thesis, the description and design of three SDM systems were explored by using both QPSK and 16QAM modulation formats : single channel SDM system with PDM technique, 8 - DWDM channels over 7 modes SDM/PDM system, and 16 - DWDM channels over 10 modes SDM/PDM system proposed as future of ultra - high capacity optical system.By using 16QAM format and bit rate per channel of 40Gb/s, the maximum long reach of our designed single channel SDM/PDM system is 1020Km. A transmission reach of 760Km was achieved for 8 - WDM - 7modes - SDM/PDM system and 260 Km for 16DWDM - 10modes - SDM/PDM. At QPSK modulation format the maximum demonstrated reach was 1460 Km for single channel SDM/PDM system. A long - haul transmission of 1080 Km was recorded for 8 - WDM channels - 7modes - SDM/PDM system and 510 Km for 16 - DWDM channels - 10modes - SDM/PDM system.The total bit rate of single channel - 3modes SDM/PDM system was 240G/s at 40Gb/s bit rate per channel. The total bit rate was achieved by using 8 - DWDM channels - 7modes SDM/PDM system is 4.48 Tb/s at 40Gb/s. The highest bit rate was achieved by using 16DWDMchannels - 10modes SDM/PDM system so that the total achieved bit rate is nearly 12.8Tb/s.Chromatic Dispersion (CD) compensator using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) was proposed to compensate chromatic dispersion losses. Frequency and phase estimators were proposed in the designed systems to remove frequency offset and phase change by using Viterbi and Viterbi algorithms.Adaptive MIMO equalizer using constant modulus algorithms was proposed to compensate deferential group delay, polarization mode dispersion, and other losses simultaneously. Numerical results demonstrated that the methods are very effective in compensating the narrow band filtering and are very robust to channel estimation noise.The demonstrated systems were designed and tested by using (VPI transmission maker v.9.5) powerful software package.SDM techniques provided us with an important source to obtain more system flexibility, scalability, and capacity.

تصميم مضاعف تناظري خطي محسن بنطاق واسع يعمل باربعة ارباع Design Of Improved Wideband Linear Four Quadrant Analog Multiplier

اسم المؤلف: رسل صلاح خضير
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم مخيف عبيس
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: استخدمت المضاعفات التناظرية على نطاق واسع في دوائر الاتصالات والشبكات العصبية ككاشفات للطور ومضاعفات للتردد ودوائر لمزج الاشارات والتضمين وفك التضمين. في التطبيقات التقليدية مثل دوائرالتضمين تعتبر ترددات التشغيل والسلوك الخطي للانظمة والمديات المسموح بها | Analog multipliers have been widely exploited in communication circuitries, phase detectors, neural networks, frequency multipliers, mixers, and modulation and demodulation circuits. In conventional applications, such as modulation circuits, the linearity, frequency of operation, and input voltage ranges are issues of great importance for multipliers. This work targeted these issues through the design of two types of four quadrant analog multipliers operating in wideband frequency ranges and having very high linearity with input and output voltage ranges of ±10V.The first wideband four - quadrant analog multiplier is designed using wideband squaring and operational amplifier (OPAMP) circuits. The wideband OPAMP is designed using 10 NMOS transistors based on 0.35 µm NMOS technology with supply voltages of ?12V. The wideband OPAMP has exhibited an open loop voltage gain of 3336545. The squaring circuit is built using two NMOS transistors and two wideband OPAMPs. The first wideband multiplier is built using two identical squaring circuits, two difference amplifiers, and one summing amplifier. It is characterized by high input - output linearity range of - 10 V to +10 V for both inputs, ±10 V input and output voltage ranges, and cutoff frequency of about 5 GHz. The second wideband four quadrant analog multiplier is designed using NPN bipolar junction transistors. It is built with two main circuits, which are the multiplier cell and the output circuit. The multiplier cell is built using a modified Gilbert multiplier, while the output circuit is a high gain circuit designed for changing the differential output of the multiplier cell to a single output having a voltage range of ±10 V. The multiplier circuit is designed with supply voltages of ?12 V. It is characterized by high input - output linearity range of - 10 V to +10 V for both inputs, ±10 V input and output voltage ranges, and cutoff frequency of about 1 GHz.Both multipliers are designed and tested on PSpice in ORCAD / Version 16.6.

الانماط الجينية والبروتين الرابط للرتينول 4 في مرضى الاعتلال الكلوي السكري النوع الثاني Gene Polymorphism And Retinol Binding Protein 4 In Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

اسم المؤلف: احمد جبار عباس
اسم المشرف: مها فاضل سميسم علاء حسين ال حيدر
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: داء السكري هو مرض ايضي له تاثير على ايض الكاربوهيدرات والدهون والبروتينات. ومن مضاعفات السكري اعتلال الكلية السكري، الذي يعد السبب الرئيسي للفشل الكلوي المزمن. الليبوكالينات هي عائلة من البروتينات التي تنقل الجزيئات الكارهة للماء صغيرة مثل السروئيدات | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease involving carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the significant complication of diabetes, which is at the present time the major cause of chronic renal failure. The lipocalins are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, retinoids, and lipids. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP 4) is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins and it has a role in insulin resistance. A meta - analysis demonstrated a significant association between the polymorphism of glucose transporter1 gene with DN. The presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms may contribute to a decreased eNOS activity and a lowered nitric oxide level, and has been reported to be a potential factor in the development and pathogenesis of DN. The study aimed the evaluation of lipid profiles and determination of their association with retinol binding protein 4 expression in diabetic patients, evaluation of gene expression of eNOS G894T polymorphism in diabetic patients to predict its relationship with nephropathy in future, and evaluation of gene level of GluT1 polymorphism in diabetic patients to predict its relationship with nephropathy in future. This study was conducted in Hilla city, from December 2015 to April 2016. The samples were collected from Babylon Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Marjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon / Hilla city.This study was included 160 subjects, who were (35 - 58) years old and BMI between (25 - 29.9) which were divided into groups : Control group 80 apparently healthy persons included 40 male control group (MC) and 40 females control group (FC). Eighty patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 include (40 males group (M)) and (40 females group (F)). Blood samples (10 ml) were taken from fasting subjects. Two milliliters of blood were put in EDTA tube used for the determination of HbA1c and genetic study and 8 milliliters of blood were put in plane tube and centrifuged to separated serum to measure (glucose, insulin, retinol binding protein 4 and lipid profile ( and insulin resistance was measured by equations. The results show : 1. There is a significant increase in the mean of fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin level, insulin resistance in groups M and F as compared to the control groups, (p<0.01), but there was no significant increase between two patient groups (p ? 0.05)2. The significant increase (P <0.01) in total cholesterol (TC), TG, LDL - C and VLDL - C, while serum HDL - C concentration was found significantly decrease (P<0.01) in patient groups as compared with the control groups, and no significant increase or decrease in lipid profiles in comparison between patients groups (P ? 0.05).3. There is significant increase (P< 0.01) in RBP4 between patients and control groups, and not significant (P?0.05) difference between patient groups.4. Group M shows significant positive correlations (r = 0.514, p= 0.0012 and r = 0.536, p = 0.0034) of RBP4 concentration with serum fasting insulin concentration and HOMA - IR respectively, in group F, the results show a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.502, p = 0.001 and r = 0.474, p = 0.02) between RBP4 concentration with serum fasting insulin concentration and HOMA - IR respectively.5. A significant positive correlations was found (r = 0.486, p 0.001; r = 0.388, p 0.013; r =0.385, p=0.014) for serum RBP4 concentration with TC, TG and LDL - C concentrations respectively, and significantly negative with HDL - C (r = - 0.424, p =0.006) in group M, also positive correlation (r = 0.443, p =0.004; r = 0.467, p = 0.002; r = 0.435, p = 0.005) of RBP4 with TC, TG, LDL - C respectively and negatively with HDL - C (r = - 0.453, P = 0.003) in group F.6. A significant increase (< 0.01) in non HDL - C between patients and control groups and no significant (?0.05) difference between patient groups.7. According to the results of genotyping, XbaI polymorphism wasidentified as homologous genotype XbaI ( - / - ) were 12 (30%) in the group M, 14 (35%) in the group F, 3(7.5%) in the group MC and in the group FC 2(5%), while individuals have heterozygous genotype XbaI ( - /+) were 7 (17.5%) in the group M, 10 (25%) in the group F, 10 (25%) in group MC and in the group FC 8(20%).8. A significant association between the frequency of XbaI ( - / - ) variant in group M in compared with group MC an odd ratio = 5.14 and confidence interval at 95% level of (1.36 - 19.4), and in group F in compared with group FC an odds ratio = 13.12 and confidence interval at 95% of (2.64 - 65.07). 9. According to the results of genotyping, G894T polymorphism for eNOS gene was identified as homologous genotype TT were 7 (17.5%) in group M, 9 (22.5%) in group F, 8 (20%) in group MC and 10 (25%) in group FC, while individuals have heterozygous genotype G/T were 21 (52.5%) in group M, 20 (50%) in group F, 6 (15%) in group MC and 7 (17.5%) in group FC.10. A significant frequency of GT variant in group M is compared with group MC with odds ratio = 7.58 and confidence at 95% level of (2.43 - 23.62), and in patients of group F as compared with group FC with odds ratio = 7.27 and confidence interval at 95% of (2.4 - 22.02).In conclusion, the RBP4 is associated in causing insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. The high levels of Non HDL - C in diabetic patient contribute in progression of diabetic nephropathy. The GLUT1 polymorphism in diabetic type 2 patients specially patients with XbaI ( - / - ) and eNOS gene polymorphism G/T allele have a role in progression to diabetic nephropathy.

دراسة الملف المصلي وتقييم بعض الخصائص المناعية لدى مرضى الحزام الناري Serum Profile Study And Evaluation Of Some Immune Features Among Patients With Shingles

اسم المؤلف: زينب عبد النبي طليفح النصراوي
اسم المشرف: حبيب صاحب نهر محمد كاظم طاهر الحطاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للفترة من 1شباط 2015 لغاية 3شباط 2016 وجمعت خلالها عينات المرضى المصابين بالحزام الناري من قسم الامراض الجلدية في العيادات الاستشارية في مستشفى مرجان التعليمي للتحري عن بعض الجوانب المناعية في المرضى, وكان العدد الكلي للمرضى 50 مريضا | This study was conducted during the period from 1st February 2015 to 3rd February 2016, and the samples were collected from dermatology department of the consultant clinic in Marjan Teaching Hospital to investigate certain immunological markers of patients with shingles. The total number of patients were whose their ages ranges were 14 - 80 years. Age group (40 - 61) years have the highest percentage of infection reaching 46%.The immunofluorescence test for Varicella Zoster virus - specific IgG showed 48 out 50 are positive(96%). The higher percentage of infection with shingles was in female (54%), while male patients the percentage was(46%).The results showed that patients with blood group (O+) have 50% of infection rate.When CD4 was investigated by ELISA test , the results showed that the mean± SD of serum level of CD4 in shingles patients and control group is (6.70± 0.97 and 9.36±2.02) ng/ml respectively. The concentration of CD4 was lower in patients with shingles than healthy control group, while concentration of CD8 and CD56were higher than healthy control group ( the mean± SD of serum level of CD8 in shingles patients and control group was 21.42±5.43 and19.11±3.29 ng /ml respectively, whereas the mean ± SD of CD56 concentration in shingles and control group were 107.58± 40.39 and 67.59 ± 36.31 ng/ml, respectively).The results also showed that the concentrations of IFN ? and TNF? were lower in patients with shingles compared with non - infected persons , as the following : the mean± SD of serum level of IFN ? in shingles patients and control group was 184.31±21.95 and 218.03±26.21 pg /ml respectively, and the mean ± SD of TNF? concentration in shingles and control group were 51.55± 5.14 and 62.35 ± 6.74 pg/ml, respectively. For IL 10, the concentration was higher in patients with shingles than that in the healthy control group; the mean± SD of serum level of IL 10 in shingles patients and control group was12.42±5.59 and 4.47±0.90 pg /ml respectively. This study was concluded following : • Gender represents a risk factor for the occurrence of shingles mainly at ages over 40 years old (higher in females than males).• Varicella Zoster virus specific IgG is a sensitive and specific test that can be used for the laboratory diagnosis of shingles.• Varicella Zoster virus reactivation has a suggested link with decreased level of soluble CD4 molecules and, for lesser extend with increased soluble CD8 and CD56 molecules in patients serum. • Blood group O+ might be consider as a risk factor for reactivation of VZV infection as the majority of patients were within this blood group.• A diminished role of the inflammatory TH1 cells in reactivated shingles patients is more likely as evident by the reduced concentration of IFN? and TNF? profiles. The Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+) seems to play a role in such reduction of TH1 proinflammatory cytokines as evident by the significant elevation of IL10 in shingles patients.

التزام مرضى احتشاء العضلة القلبية باتجاه العناية الذاتية في مستشفيات الحلة التعليمية Adherence Of Patients With Myocardial Infarction Toward Self - Care Management In Hillah Teaching Hospitals

اسم المؤلف: هادي جواد كاظم
اسم المشرف: سحر ادهم علي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يمكن وصف العناية الذاتية كبرنامج متعدد الابعاد للمرضى الذين يعانون من احتشاء عضلة القلب والتي تشمل الامور المتعلقة بحالتهم وتعزيز استراتيجيات الرعاية الذاتية مثل المراقبة الذاتية والتصرفات الذاتية تحسين معرقة المريض الايجابية واستهلاك نظام غذائي صحي، الاد | Self - management can be described as multidimensional program for patients with myocardial infarctions which include improvement of the patient s knowledge related to their condition and enhance self - care management strategies such as self - monitoring, positive self - behaviors, and consumption of healthy diet, medication and following the health team advices. This strategies decrease hospital readmissions and improve quality of life. The aim of the study is assessing the adherence of self - care management among patients with myocardial infarction. To identify the demographical characteristics of the study sample such as (age, gender, marital status, educational status, and addressing, economic status). To find out the relationship between patient adherence of self - management and demographic data (age, gender, marital status, educational status, addressing, economic status) and clinical characteristics.Across - sectional descriptive design is used to carry out the study of assessing the adherence of the self - care management for patients with myocardial infarction in Hillah teaching hospitals from 27 - 10 - 2015 to 20 - 8 - 2016.Coronary care units and medical wards in two teaching hospitals in Hillah city were selected to conduct the study. A Non - Probability (purposive sample) of (100) patients, (64) male, (36) female have been selected after obtaining their agreements to participate in this study, these patients have been admitted to the medical wards or coronary care units. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire which prepared to assess the adherence of self - care management for patients with myocardial infarctions after a comprehensive review of related literatures. The questionnaire contains three parts, the first part consist data related to the socio - demographical characteristics of the sample, the second part includes clinical information such as (duration of disease, health history, body mass index...etc.), while the third part extends to collect the data related to the patients adherence toward self - care management which distributed up on (4) domains consisting nutritional domain (27) items, healthy behaviors (7) items, medications (8) items, medical follow up which has been extended to (9) items. Data have been collected by using face to face interview.To test the content validity the questionnaire distributed among (25) experts who have not less than 10 years of experience , the reliability was calculated through applying coefficient of correlation and inter rater reliability, descriptive and inferential statistics methods used to determine the results of the current study.The majority of the study sample have been (64%) male between (60 years and more) age group, (64) married, (22%) have been illiterate, (66%)of the sample urban area residency. housewives Most of them (25%) suffer from hypertension as a chronic disease. Overall adherences of the self - care management of the participant poor related to diet, healthy behaviors, follow up while they recorded moderate adherence related to consumption of medication.The majority of the patients who participate in the study were with moderate adherence relation to self - care management.Establishment of well - equipped rehabilitation center specialized to improve patient's knowledge and practices related to their conditions, and help them to live with their condition, the services of this center may be extended to serve patient's family.

اعباء رعاية الابوين للاطفال المصابين بالتخلف العقلي في محافظات الفرات الاوسط Parents Burden Of Care For Children With Mental Retardation In The Middle Euphrates Governorates

اسم المؤلف: علوان حسن رزن الجبوري
اسم المشرف: سجاء هاشم محمد الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يمكن ان تسهم مسؤولية رعاية الاطفال المتخلفين عقليا في عبا على الوالدين, الدراسة تشير الى ان اباء الاطفال الذين يعانون من التخلف العقلي لديهم مستوى عال من العبء.دراسة تحليلية وصفيه لتقييم عبء رعاية الاباء للاطفال ذوي التخلف العقلي في محافظات الفرات الاوسط | The responsibility of caring for mentally retarded child can contribute to parents burden. The study shows that parents of children with mental retardation experience high level of burden.The present study aims to assess the level of burden of care among parents who have children with mental retardation.and to identify the relationship between parents burden of care for children with mental retardation and their sociodemographic data such as age, gender etc. A descriptive - analytical study design is conducted to assess the Parents Burden of Care For Children With Mental Retardation in The Middle Euphrates Governorates and its relation to children and parent's sociodemographic characteristics and clinical characteristic of mental retardation child.1st October 2015 to 1st October 2016. A purposive (non - probability) sample of (90) parents (mother or father) of child with mental retardation are selected attending mental disability care institute. Data was collected through the use of The questionnaire which are constructed by the researcher for the purpose of present study. In order to test the validity of the questionnaires, the instrument is presented to panel of experts in different fields to make it more valid. A preliminary copy of the questionnaire is displayed to (15) experts. Data have been analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.The results of the study indicated that parents exhibit high level of burden due to the handicap caring among their children. There is a significant relationship between the levels of parents' burdens and their child handicap degree and the monthly income. As for the psychological status there are significant differences between the psychological burden and the parents level of education and residency. But there is non - significant statistical points between the parents burden and other parents demographical data.The study concludes that there is a high level of parents burden due to the presence of mental retardation child in the family and that effect on the family. The degree of mental retardation is very important indication about the level of the burden.It is recommended that future study researches should be directed towards exploring psychological intervention factors which help to minimize the burden of care on parents of children with mental retardation.

المشكلات النفسية الاجتماعية لدى كبار السن في دور رعاية المسنين في محافظات الفرات الاوسط Psychosocial Problems Among Elderly People At Geriatric Homes In The Middle Euphrates Governorates

اسم المؤلف: وسيم عبد الامير شاكر البصام
اسم المشرف: سجاء هاشم محمد الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت دراسة وصفية تحليلية خلال المدة من الاول من تشرين الاول من عام 2015 الى تشرين الاول 2016 من اجل تقييم المشكلات النفسية الاجتماعية لدى كبار السن في دور رعاية المسنين في محافظات الفرات الاوسط.عينة غرضية (غير احتمالية) تتالف من (82) شخص مسن قد تم اختيا | Analytical descriptive study was conducted during the period of 1 October 2015 to October 2016 in order to assess the psychosocial problems among elderly people at geriatric homes in the Middle Euphrates Governorates. A purposive sample (non - probability) for (82) elderly people was selected from geriatric homes in the Middle Euphrates Governorates, information was gathered through the use of a questionnaire for assessing psychosocial problems, study tool consist of three parts which contain (53) items. Part one : The first part consists personal information and include age (year) , age at admission, residence years in geriatric homes, gender, previous professions, educational level, social status, economic status, financial support by family, the financial resources.Part two : The second part consists psychological problems (anxiety, depression and suicide ideation) which contains (35) item. Part three : The third part consists social problems (social isolation) which contains (12) item. Reliability is determined by using alpha correlation (Cronbach's Alpha) and the validity is achieved through a panel of (21) expert. Data analyzed through using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences SPSS (Version 20) performed through the use of descriptive statistical data analysis approach, of frequencies, percentages and inferential statistical approach which is presented as an analysis of variable chi - square.The findings of the study indicated that most of elderly people were suffering from psychosocial problems in moderate levels. The majority of the sample of elderly were in the age group (75 - 84) years and most of the elderly who spent in geriatric homes (1 - 4) years, males, divorced and uneducated. Results of the study showed the existence of a high significant relationship among the elderly who were uneducated and divorced which suffered from psychosocial problems.The study concluded that the psychosocial problems for elderly were in the age group (75 - 84) years and in moderate levels.The study recommended to improve care for elderly people and provide psycho educational programs for them to increase their knowledge toward the psychological problems and provide psychological support to improve their psychological status

الاهمية الكيميائية الحياتية لنبتة العليق الاحمر كماسك طبيعي في حالة زيادة الحديد Biochemical Importance Of Rubus Idaeus As A Natural Chelator In Iron Overload Status

اسم المؤلف: حازم علي حسين
اسم المشرف: مفيد جليل عوض مؤيد عمران الغزالي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لمنع تراكم الحديد في الجسم، وخاصة لمرضى داء ترسب الاصبغة الدموية،او الذين يحتاجون الى نقل دم بصورة مستمرة، لابد من عمل مركب معه يعمل على استخراجه.نبتة العليق الاحمر تحتوي على كمية عالية من حامض التانيك وهو مركب متعدد الفينولات للنبات يعمل على مسك او حجز | To prevent iron overload, especially for those patient with hemochromatosis or those having chronic blood transfusion, iron must be chelated and excreted, Rubus Idaeus containing high quantity of tannic acid which is a plant polyphenol, chelate iron and excreted from the body. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity and efficiency of tannic acid in Rubus Idaeus fruit to reduce or eliminate iron overload through enhance direct impact on some of the body,s vital biological activities by using fresh crude plant as herbal medicine. This study is Cohort study designed. It is monitoring, detection, and investigation study that included some of groups that completely under control(control), and other group which induced iron overload , the iron overload group is subdivided to 5 groups, one of this sub gorups is treated with desferal(Deferroxamine),and the rest 3groups giving 3 different doses of pure fruit of Rubus Idaeus, while the least group is not treated with fruit or with desferalThe study included (60) Albino male mice divided into six groups with count (10) mice for each. First group was labeled as control (A). The other five groups received intra peritoneal injections of iron - dextran at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day B.w. (one dose every two days for 3 weeks) are the iron overload groups ,which are classified as a following : B1 group ,in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 100 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit, B2 group, in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 200 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit,B3 group ,in which the iron overload induced mice treated with 300 mg/kg/day of Rubus Idaeus fruit, group(C),in which the iron overload induced mice received 493mg/kg/day desferal by subcutaneous injection for 21 days beginning on the day following the first iron dextran injection, group (D) ,in which the iron overload induced mice neither received desferal nor Rubus Idaeus fruit. The experimental work was carried out in the animal house and in the Clinical Biochemistry Department / College of Medicine / Babylon University during the period from (October 2015 to August 2016). High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique has been used for measurement of tannic acid in fruit in mice's serum. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) has been used for the measurement of serum ferritin, UV - Vis Spectrophotometer has been used for determination of GSH - Px and GST concentrations, while Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique (GFAAS) has been used for concentration measurement of trace elements. There were hematological study have been carried out using special required equipment, protein analysis by electrophoresis has been used for mice's serum to detect protein changes for all groups. Results showed that Rubus Idaeus fruit contain good acceptable concentration of tannic acid up to (853 µg/gm),amount of trace element in the fruit plant was 14.12 ppm for Zinc,33.62 ppm for Iron,3.5ppm for copper(Cu),311.06 ppb for selenium(Se),40.13 ppb for chromium(Cr). Results also showed highly significant increase of Serum ferritin, hemoglobin levels, GST activity, Iron and Copper concentration, and decreased in chromium in iron overload group (D) (P<0.001) when compared with control group (A), while there were highly significant decrease of these parameters and increased chromium in group (B2) and group (C) as compared with control groups. Results also showed highly significant decrease of GSH - Px activity, Zinc and Selenium concentration, and increased in hemoglobin levels in group (D) (P<0.001) when compared with the control group, while there were highly significant increase of these parameters and decreased in hemoglobin level in group (B2) and (C)as compared with control and (A) groups. The study have been found positive effect of Rubus Idaeus on abnormal parameters and support the biological system which was clear in group (B2) and (C) which demonstrated that there were significant inhibitions to decrease or increase of these parameters than those in normal. The present study found that fruit of Rubus Idaeus in dose(200 mg/kg/day)in mouse(16.2mg/kg/day in human) gives more reasonable results than other 2 doses (100mg/kg,300mg/kg) in treatment of iron overload ,100mg/kg had no effect in reducing iron overload,300mg/kg chelate iron so more that causing anemia, while this study found a negative correlation between Ferritin and GSH - Px activity, serum chromium and Selenium concentration. Results also showed that there is a changes in protein bands in samples, new bands occurs in samples of induced iron overload group (D) due to increased production of iron regulating proteins. While these bands are absent in groups (A),(B2)

تقييم مضاعفات ما بعد العملية للمرضى الخاضعين لجراحة العظام في مستشفى الحلة التعليمي Assessment Of Postoperative Complications For Patients Undergoing Orthopedics Surgery At Al - Hilla Teaching Hospital

اسم المؤلف: احمد رامز هلال
اسم المشرف: فخرية جبر محيبس الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : مضاعفات ما بعد العملية تتعلق بنقص في العناية ما بعد العملية تقود الى عدة مضاعفات ربما تتطور في عدة مرضى نتيجة تاثير التخدير العام ومخاطر اخرى مثل طول فترة الرقود في المستشفى، عدم الحركة بعد العملية، التدخين, 000 الخ. كل عوامل الخطورة ربما تؤدي ال | Background : Postoperative complication is a source of concern as insufficient postoperative care leads to many complications which may develop in many patients due to the effect of general anesthesia and other risk factors such as prolonged hospitalization, immobilization after surgery, smoking, …etc. All risk factors may lead to postoperative complications, thus they impose additional economic burdens on the society and the patient.Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the postoperative complications in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery and to find out relationship between socio - demographic characteristics, medical information and postoperative complications such as (age, gender, smoking, medication, …etc.). Methodology : The study was carried out from 25 January 2016 to the 30 November 2016, the sample was Non probability sample which consists of (100) adults patients (male and female) who were undergoing orthopedic surgery with lower and upper extremities' under general anesthesia, without chronic disease and age of patients 18 years older at Al - Hilla Teaching Hospital.To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher established the questionnaire format which was composed of three - part, part one : socio - demographic characteristic (5) items, while part two : consisted of medical information of patients which comprised of (7) items and part three : consisted of (34) items of postoperative complications may happen postoperatively.Results : The results of this study indicated that a high percent of postoperative complications occurred in ages between (18 - 27)years. The study also revealed the highest percentage (38%) of patients were smokers who had high complications. In addition the current study founded that smoking appears to decrease postoperative vomiting rate in smoker (16.2 %) less than non - smoker (36.7 %). The rate of vomiting in female (60%) is more than male (22.3 %). in addition the rate of infection in Smoker (11.6 %) more than non - smoker (1.7%). Total score of complications indicated the significant relationship between socio - demographic characteristics, medical information and postoperative complications like (age, smoking, occupation, education level, and medications used) as it is proved by chi - square tests. Recommendations : According to the current study, the researcher recommends to Increase knowledge of nursing staff regarding postoperative complications by continuing education , so the nurses can identify and prevent postoperative complication.Increase knowledge of patients regarding postoperative complications through provide them by advices or list in which is containing information or pictures that occur in patients with orthopedics surgery such as deep vein thrombosis, wound infection, and how to prevent them.

تقييم الحالة التغذوية للاطفال دون سن الخامسة من العمر في مدينة الحلة Assessment Of Nutritional Status Among Children Less Than 5 Years Old In Al - Hilla City

اسم المؤلف: اسماعيل حسن جواد الموسوي
اسم المشرف: قحطان هادي حسين الجبوري حسن علوان بيعي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت دراسة مقطعية وصفية خلال الفترة من 1 تشرين الاول 2015 الى 27 اب 2016 لاجل تقييم الحالة التغذوية للاطفال دون الخامسة من العمر في مدينة الحله من خلال قياس (الوزن للطول والعمر) من خلال المقاييس الجسمانية, وكذلك لايجاد العلاقة ما بين الخصائص الديموغرافية

دراسة انزيم التيلومريز وجين الكلوتاثيون بيروكسيديز الاول في مرضى السكري النوع الاول Telomerase Enzyme And Glutathione Peroxidase1 Gene In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

اسم المؤلف: دعاء مهدي هادي الحكاك
اسم المشرف: مها فاضل سميسم علي حسين البياتي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an immune - mediated depletion of ? - cells that results in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative cell injury caused by free radicals contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complications and decreased efficiency of antioxidant defenses (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) seems to correlate with the severity of pathological tissue changes in T1DM, So many studies have tended to analyze the genetic material that can be related to the occurrence of the disease. Different combinations of genetic defects of antioxidant enzyme are expected. This could readily provide an explanation of the heterogeneity of T1DM.The aim of this study is to assess the differences of GPX1 genotype in T1DM as compare with controls. And the effect of C/T at nucleotide 1050450codon 198 of GPX1 gene polymorphisms on serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and telomerase enzyme (TE) concentration in T1DM patients and controls. This study included (108) persons, their ages between (28 - 42 years) and body mass index in normal and overweight (68) of them were uncontrolled diabetes type 1 (HbA1c ? 6.5 %), (34) of them were male patients (M group), the other (34) were female patients (F group), and the other (40) apparently healthy as control group (20) male (MC group) with (20) female (FC group). The sera sample of all groups were used to measure the concentration of fasting blood glucose by using colorimetric methods and ELISA method for determination (TE), total antioxidant capacity (TAO - C), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase1 enzyme, while whole blood samples from study subjects were used to measure HbA1c and extract DNA for the study of polymorphisms in GPx1 gene.The results of the present study showed1 - A significant increase in glucose, HbA1c in both male and female patients compared with controls group. (P < 0.0001) and (p< 0.05) respectively.2 - The study showed significant decrease (p? 0.001) in telomerase enzyme in both M and F as compare with MC and FC groups,3 - There was no significant association between M and F (P=0.106) and between MC and FC (P=0.327) regarding to gender.4 - The result showed that telomerase concentration significantly decrease with age (p - value<0.001) which indicated by negative correlation between telomerase concentration and age.5 - The result showed significant negative correlation between telomerase enzyme concentration and BMI in patients and controls.6 - The result showed significant decrease in TAO - C in patient as compared with control groups (P=<0.001)7 - GPX1 concentration significantly decreased in patient as compared with control groups (p - value <0.001 )8 - Significant increase in Glutathione concentration in patients as compared with controls (p - value <0.05)9 - Data on the genetic patterns were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction technique - RFLP revealed, were defined as : the codon 198 of Gpx1 genotyping have the homozygous wild - type (CC) Pro/Pro, the homozygous mutant (TT) Leu/Leu, and heterozygous (CT) Pro/Leu allele. There was significant difference between genotype distribution and frequency of alleles between the two groups of patients (M and F) versus (MC and FC) (odds ratio = 33, into confidence level of 95% : 1.65 to 656.26) and P value ( 0.0219) for M vs. MC, and (OR = 12.60, into the proportion of 95% confidence level : 1.93 to 82.08) and P value (0.0081) for F vs. FC. Also, the frequency of TT genotypes in GPX1gene in male and female were47% and 61.7% compare to control male(0%) and female(10%).10 - The allele frequency showed significant differences in all sample (p=0.0013), in male (0.14) and in female (0.0020).11 - There was significant difference in telomerase concentration (p= 0.001) and in glutathione peroxidase concentration (p< 0.0005) in patients group depending on different of the GPX1 genotyping.12 - Depending on GPX1 genotype there were significant differences in BMI in normal weight and in overweight between patient and control (p=0.0375) and (p<0.0018), respectively.In Conclusion, the TT genotype of The GPX1gene variants Pro 198 Leu may be risk factor to T1DM patients. TIDM significantly associated with glutathione peroxidase and telomerase level in patients with TT genotypes of GPX1 gene compared to those with CT and CC genotypes, and this may be considered as a risk factor for senescence and mortality in T1DM. patients, also there is significant negative correlation between telomerase enzyme and BMI in patients and controls.

التغيرات الحاصلة في نسب الانسولين والاحماض الصفراء والكوليسترول 7 الفا هيدروكسليز وفوق الاكسيد الفائق في مصل مرضى حصى المراره Serum Insulin, Bile Acid, Cholesterol 7 - Alpha Hydroxylase And Superoxide Dismutase Changes In Patients With Gallstone

اسم المؤلف: سماح سجاد كاظم الشمري
اسم المشرف: محمد عبيد المحمدي علي خير الله الشاعلي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعتبر مرض حصى المرارةمن اكثر امراض الجهاز الهضمي شيوعا، ووتشكل عبئا كبيرا على انظمة الرعاية الصحية. معظم الناس (حوالي 80 ?) مع حصى المرارة ليس لديهم اعراض. وتشمل مضاعفات حصى المرارة التهاب المرارة والبنكرياس.الهدف من الدراسة : 1 - للتحقيق في العلاقة بين | A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of bile components. Cholelithiasis or Gallstone disease (GD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases, with a substantial burden to health care systems. Most people (about 80%) with gallstones are asymptomatic. Complications of gallstones include inflammation of the gallbladder, pancreas. Objective 1. To investigate the association between serum level bile acid and cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase and the development of gallstone disease. 2. To Evaluate the change serum level insulin changes and its effect on gallstone formation. 3. The determination of serum superoxide dismutase changes in patients with gallstone. Material and Methods In this study, one hundred sixty (160) patients with gallstone aged (20 - 70) years and one hundred sixty (160) age and sex match subject (control group) had involved in this study. The patients were intended to undergo surgical removal of gallbladder in Al - Hilla general teaching hospital during the period from November (2015) to May (2016). Blood samples were obtained from all patients prior to surgical treatment. Serum was obtained by usual methods and analyzed for insulin, insulin resistance Cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase, Superoxide Dismutase, Bile acid (Deoxycholic acid and Chenodeoxycholic acid) and lipid profile {total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol}. And qualitative analysis of gallstone (Cholesterol stone, mixed stone, pigment stone), then these parameters compared with those of control groups. In addition, a demographic comparison regarding to the age, sex and body mass index between the patients and control groups was carried. Results The results of this study show higher significant percentage of gall stone in female (81%) than male (19%) in the patient group. There was an insignificant difference between male and female patients, according to age group (P<0.05). There is a higher significant (p>0.05) family history in the patients with gallstone compared with control subjects. Additionally, There is highly significant percent of female using oral contraception in pateints than control group (p > 0.01). Similarly, smoking, parity,Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Body Mass Index are found to be significantly higher inpatient group (p>0.01). This study demonstrate that insulin and insulin resistance are significant higher in sera of patients with gallstone as compared with the control group. (p>0.01) Regarding the cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase and Bile acids are found to be significantlylower in sera of patients with gallstone as compared with the control group, p< 0.01). It has also found that there are a higher significant difference in gallstone patients than control regarding total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher than that of control group (p>0.01). Meanwhile, all these parameters in the study are variated according to gender. However The qualitative analysis of stone that show cholesterol stone is more common than other types.Conclusions In this study the most studied parameters including of Insulin and insulin resistance, cholesterol 7 - alpha hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase and Bile acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are significantly different in gallstone patients compared to control subjects and such differences are demographically affected depending on the age, sex, BMI, parity, contraceptive and smoking.

الانفتاح العلامي في الفن المفاهيمي The Symbolic Openness In The Conceptual Art

اسم المؤلف: سامرة فاضل محمد علي
اسم المشرف: مكي عمران راجي الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: عني البحث الحالي بدراسة ( الانفتاح العلامي في الفن المفاهيمي ) ويقع في اربعة فصول، خصص الفصل الاول لبيان مشكلة البحث واهميته والحاجة اليه، وهدفه، وحدوده، وتحديد اهم المصطلحات الواردة فيه. وقد تركزت مشكلة البحث على الطبيعة التاويلية للعلامة في ال | This research paper is interested in studying (the symbolic openness in the conceptual art) and consists of four chapters. The first chapter is about the research problem, importance, goal, limits and identifying the most important expressions. The research problem is focused on the interpretation nature of a symbol in the conceptual art in all its expressions resulted by the changes of the world after modernity including the social, politic, economic, and cultural pressures which affect negatively on the level of vision, acceptance and sense. This is guaranteed due to the relation between the art and the modern development which include all human durations across history to be in cope with this change. So the artist is obliged to be more courageous and spontaneous in expressing himself and thoughts to cross the limited lines for the traditional painting to present conceptual artistic works that are not restricted with one artistic style or type to include all exist in nature including the human body, language and consumable items. So the current research's problem is begun through answering the following question, (how can the artist make the recipient as a second author for the artistic script?).The importance of the research is clear because it establishes a critical study to give the searchers, and those who interest in the graphic sides, a chance to be informed about the kinds of the conceptual art including the symbolic openness.The searcher finds this study is so important because there are no previous studies focusing on the symbolic openness in the conceptual art. The searcher also wants to be interested in the basis of this study to fulfill the intended goal which is identifying the symbolic openness in the conceptual art.The subjective research limits include the study of the symbolic openness in the conceptual art in all its branches, elements, time limits (1965 - 2016) and place limits including (USA, UK, Germany, Mexico and France). The important expressions in this research are also clarified.The second chapter is about the theoretical frame and the previous studies which includes four topics : the first topic is about the theories of a symbol in the critical studies. The second is about studying the thoughtful basis of the symbolic openness in arts after modernity. The third is about the conceptual art, the conceptual context and the graphic system. The last is about the indicators. The second chapter ends with the previous studies which are not closed to the current study.The third chapter is about the research procedures including identifying all the samples which is (200 artistic works) and choosing and analyzing only (20 artistic works) intentionally.The fourth chapter includes the results which are : 1 - Achieving the symbolic openness through interaction and conversation and be away from autism and introversion in all research samples.2 - There are many sides of the conceptual art including the language, graphic art, geography and the human body. So it is an art of moved concepts which are effective in the daily life of a human being and his environment.3 - The idea in the conceptual art is the tool which makes the art through its philosophic embodiment. This leads to make an argument which raises questions that make the visual perceiver be in harmony with senses and mental action and the artistic work to obtain the symbols, signs and concepts. Another results are : 1 - The searcher tries to clarify the script origin and its openness to be interpretable to make the recipient (second author) read and understand more meanings and facts as in the research samples. 2 - The recipient is responsible for understanding the artistic work to create new items that help in understanding the work.The research ends with recommendations, suggestions, references and appendixes.

جماليات الخطاب النسوي في فنون ما بعد الحداثة The Aesthetics Of Feminist Discourse In The Arts Of Postmodernism

اسم المؤلف: فرح علي عبد الرزاق الدليمي
اسم المشرف: محمد علي علوان عباس القره غولي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون التشكيلية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: عني هذا البحث بدراسة ( جماليات الخطاب النسوي في فنون ما بعد الحداثة) وهو يقع في اربعة فصول الاول لبيان مشكلة البحث، واهميته، والحاجة اليه، وهدفه، وتحديد اهم المصطلحات الواردة فيه، وقد انطوت مشكلة البحث الحالي على الكشف على ان ما شهده العالم الغربي من | Focus this research to study ( The aesthetics of the annual speech in the arts of postmodernism ) is situated in the four chapters of the statement of the research problem, and the importance of, and need for, and purpose, and to identify the most important terms contained therein, have involved the problem of current research to reveal that what the western world has witnessed the a change in the concepts and transformations of intellectual and what happened from the rapid changes has had a clear impact in bringing about changes in the various structures and as a result of those big changes that affected the cultural, literary and cash by engaging in systems as well as cultural, literary and artistic on the other hand engage in systems, it promotes the emergence of new types of literature including feminist who was an anti - hegemony of art and literature male has adopted the theses of feminist criticism pivotal link antithesis between accomplished male dominance and the accomplished feminist and a weak presence on an area of research literature, and the theses postmodern fertile area from which the feminist movement demands, general women and actresses in particular I have proven that every woman is able to achieve the same in the works of art and literature and in line with the philosophical and intellectual propositions of postmodernism.Hence the problem of current research originated through the following questions : - What is the role played by data feminist discourse in the art of post - modernism? - How did the contemporary visual artists, may file accomplishing visually crystallizes feminist speech from an aesthetic perspective holds insights and theses culture feminism? The importance of searching through explanation for literary and monetary concepts contemporary have a close relationship with art feminist masculinity and femininity, and the feminine and feminist and women's notions of parental (Patriarchate) and gender and its relation to the ideas of postmodernism, and represents an attempt to shed light on the nature of the relationship between the aesthetics of feminist discourse and the products of post - modernism, according to interested professionals through access to the findings and conclusions, it has found a researcher that there is an urgent need for this study is the fact that the subject has not been studied previously within the area effective for the products of arts postmodernism, as well as this study the concentration of matter on the contemporary visual artists and knowledge her methods performing and her creative achievements which has been absent for several decades.The aim of this research to know the aesthetics of feminist discourse in the arts of postmodernism was limited research on how long the time period of (1951 - 2016) and of studying the feminist productions for artists postmodern and executed with different materials at different ores in streams (abstract expressionism, pop art, visual art , graffiti art, conceptual art, art synthesis, new expressionism, digital art).The second chapter (theoretical framework) guarantees the three sections, first topic focus to the concept of post - modernism and the arguments of Netasheh and Freud, structural and some concepts that diffusion structuralism, deconstruction and the proposals of Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault, and a speech after the buzzards and globalization, and a letter of postmodernism and the culture of consumption, while focus second topic entrance into feminism and feminist literature and criticism feminist, language and given the female of the text, while the third section rotation arts postmodern and implications of feminist discourse in streams (abstract expressionism, pop art, visual art, graffiti art, conceptual art, art synthesis new expressionism, digital art).Chapter three has included action research, the researcher reviewed the research community and appointed by the style selected.The fourth chapter focus on results search results and conclusions, summarized the researcher to a range of outcomes, including : 1. Feminist discourse depends on the products of postmodernism on data aesthetic transformation and stylistic and technical as well as formulations structural forms of intellectual and contents and their contents, which appeared in the second half of the twentieth century, has shown the emergence of post - modernism, according to the visions of intellectual feminist adopt a new attitude to express contemporary problems of women, as in the research sample models.2. Gaining visual artists experiments in post - modernism, the dimensions of functioning merge with the experiences of contemporary plastic artists, but up to focus on the necessities of research on the technical trend on the one hand the aesthetic and the inevitability of a departure from the prevailing traditional patterns on the other hand, as in the research sample models.3. The theme of alienation in the products of human visual artists, the investment pattern overlap between the conscious and unconscious, and between reason and emotion, a choice of intellectual touches the essence of the idea of self and carry meanings and connotations, as in most of the research sample models.The researcher has reached a number of conclusions, including : 1. Aesthetics feminist discourse in the arts contributed postmodern elevating of philosophy initiated no mind and the adoption of individual categories and chance and blow up the idea of art through the presence of the idea of demolition and dismantling of the bonds aesthetic realities.2. Uniformity intellectual formulations for aesthetics feminist discourse in the arts of postmodern philosophies with frameworks postmodern theses and feminist criticism, as well as other contemporary monetary concepts that have had an active role in deepening the critical reading and calendar visual feminist done.3. Interpret the visual landscape of the products of feminist art, aesthetically, as manifestation Layout hermeneutical reading and analysis, especially where infrastructure is enhanced mental scene assignments of symbolic probe form actually modulated semantic from the signifier and the signified. The researcher considers a series of recommendations including : 1. Interest in academic studies that specializes in visual themes of feminist art and that the lack of the existing ones in the scientific field, the big and important in the definition of this art with data and types.2. The establishment of cultural institutions and the houses of the Arab local publishing translated foreign sources dealing with plastic feminist art experiences in the world, the lack of such sources in specialized scientific libraries.3. The establishment of plastic arts exhibitions and annual festivals and events and periodic conferences, dealing with plastic feminist art, and the definition of the methods and insights, methods and propositions own visual artists.The researcher proposed the following headings study : 1. Aesthetics feminist discourse in modern art.2. Feminist discourse and representations in products of contemporary Arab art.3. The aesthetics of the image in contemporary feminist art

جماليات التقنيات الرقمية في تشكيل العرض المسرحي العالمي Aestheticism Of Digital Techniques In The Formation Of The International Theatrical Performance

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم هاشم الشمري
اسم المشرف: محمد حسين محمد حبيب
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتكون التقنية الرقمية من الاجهزة والوسائل والمعدات التي تعمل بالنظام الثنائي اي نظام التشفير الذي يتكون من ( 0 , 1 ) ويعد الحاسوب التقنية الرئيسة التي تتفرع منها العديد من التقنيات والاجهزة الرقمية التي تخص العرض المسرحي كاجهزة الاسقاط الضوئي او اجهزة الم | The digital technique consists of the apparatus, tools and means that work in the dual system, i.e., encoding system which is composed of (0 , 1). The computer is considered the main technique which is subdivided into various digital techniques and tools that are related to the theatrical performance such as the apparatus of light focusing or the apparatus of sound and image processing. These techniques have gained aesthetic and creative value through their use as an important technique that plays role in the theatrical performance. These techniques have given the theatrical director vast space in varying his hypotheses and choices via specifying the dramatic environment of the events; they also help in creating new means and forms which have had an important role in establishing the philosophical dimensions of the theatrical director. The letter has four chapters : The first (the problem) is the following inquiry : What aesthetics can be achieved by digital techniques in the world theater? The chapter also includes (importance) by focusing on the importance of digital techniques in theatrical performance. The chapter also includes (Objective) an illustration of the aesthetics of digital technologies in the world theater. This chapter, which is temporarily restricted to the period 2005 - 2015, includes space for international theatrical performances, including foreign, Arabic and Iraqi performances, and an objective study of digital techniques in directing theater performances. The chapter ends with linguistic terms and definitions, both in terms of terminology and procedure. The second chapter, the theoretical framework and previous studies, included three sections : First : digital art; trends and views. And the second : digital technical devices and mechanisms of its work in contemporary theater. The third is the aesthetics of digital technologies. The chapter ends with a discussion of previous studies and indicators coming from the theoretical framework. The third chapter, the procedures, includes the society of the research and the samples which have been chosen intentionally depending on the indicators of the theoretical framework being a tool to analyze in a descriptive, analytical method. Then five performances including (foreign, Arabic and Iraqi). The fourth chapter involves discussing the results, the conclusions, the recommendations, and the suggestions. The chapter ends with the bibliography, the appendices and an abstract in English.

المواطنة وجدلية الهوية في العرض المسرحي العراقي Citizenship And Dialectical Identity In Iraqi Theatre

اسم المؤلف: مريم صباح العوادي
اسم المشرف: معتمد مجيد حميد العبيدي
الموضوع العام: الفنون الجميلة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفنون المسرحية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ياخذ مفهوم المواطنة والهوية حيزا غير قليل في الثقافة والفكر وفي الدراسات وكذلك الفنون وفي التعبير عنها , والمسرح كونه احد هذه الفنون فهو يقوم بدوره في تنمية القيم التي تدعو الى المواطنة ونشرها.فهو يبقى احد الوسائل الاكثر فاعلية وملائمة لاحتواء | The concept of citizenship and identity takes a space in culture , thought , studies as well as in arts and how to express it. however , theater is one of those methods which is used to develop the values of citizenship and spread it. it is one of the most convenient and effective ways to show the uncivilized practices in order to cross the problem of citizenship in societies. the research is meant to study ( citizenship and dialectical identity in Iraqi theater ) which is an important subject to develop the society. the research is divided to four chapters , the first chapter will deal with (methodological framework) in which the point of the research is discussed as the concept of citizenship and dialectic identity and the mechanism of showing it in the Iraqi theater. the essence of the research deals with citizenship concept and its implications and contents which specify the relationship between the individual and identity and show his rights and duties. in addition , the dramatic performance is used to clarify these contents of identity which is the connection among individuals among one system. the research is beneficial for students and researches because they will be aware of the implications of this concept through theatrical performance and raise the awareness and attendance in belonging to the country. the aim of the research is how to show citizenship and dialectic identity in the Iraqi theatre and then search the spatial , temporal and objective firstly , the spatial boundaries were restricted to theatrical performance which were performed in Baghdad national theater. secondly , the temporal boundaries were used from 2010 to 2016. thirdly , the objective boundary which is represented by studying citizenship and dialectic identity of the Iraqi theater. the chapter ends with specifying the terms and defining them.Chapter two deals with three topics : the first topic describes the concept of citizenship in terms of historical background and locations. the second chapter is concerned with the dialectical identity and it is divided in to two branches : dialectical identity between culturalism and globalization and theatrical approaches. however , the third section is intended to deal with citizenship and identity and how to perform it on stage. the chapter ends with the results induced from the theoretical framework and the previous works.In chapter three (procedural framework ) includes (56) theoretical performances. the researcher depends on indicators resulting from the theoretical framework as a tool in the analysis of ( sour minbjladi ) directed by ahmed muhammed abd al ameer (2012) , the second show is (ahlam cartoon) directed by kazem al - nasar (2014). the third show is (mukashafat) directed by ganim hameed (2016). the fourth chapter includes the results of the analysis and here are some : - The theatrical speech strives to make the interaction among the citizens according to societal values and behavioral practice which expresses cultural maturity and real recognition without distinction of religion , race , gender or sect. - lots of cultural or religious concepts change because of the interfering factors that associated with and may distort their image. this may cause ignorance to the citizens where the directors tried to expose to with criticism and mocking which reflects the distortion it exposed to. - the directors tried to send an idea that belonging to one religion does not mean that there is one identity but individuals differ in culture and tendency due to the difference among the same culture.The chapter also includes results , recommendations and suggestions and it is followed by bibliography and appendices of picturs.
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