Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 25 out of 914

التمنيع والتحدي لبكتريا Citrobacter freundii فاقدة الجدار المسببة لخمج السبيل البولي == Immunization And Challenge For Walled Citrobacter Freundii And Walled Defective That Causing Urinary Tract Infection

Author name: عبد الرسول عويد عداي الشبيب
Supervisor name: قاسم نجم ثويني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Cryptic bacterial infection has been studied in urinary system to Human, where 50 underwent urine samples from patient mostly based consulting auditors Hilla public Education Hospital for the period from November 2012 until Feb. 2013. Patients ranged in age from 20 - 50 years males and females bacterial infection rate was 70% distributed between the cell wall defective bacteria had 38% and 32% cell - wall bacteria and the results showed 30% as negative cases. Amicroscopic examination of the urine sludge Showed clear sovereignty of non - specialized immune response type of mixed cell 34% followed by mononuclear cell 30%. Samples were cultured on routine media (Blood agar , Macchonky agar) and Modified media (Variant agar, Variant broth). Out put diagnosed by bacterial system diagnostics, phen - otypic, microscopically and biochemistry by using the special test for microorganism diagnosis and using API 20 E and the use VITEK 2 to confirm some samples results. Characterized by colonies of cell wall defective bacteria grow on variant agar it resembles fried egg which could seen after staining Deinse stain. Citrobacter freundii recorded 12%, the highest rate among cellwall defective isolates. Sensitivity test for bacterial isolates were screened from U.T.I both two type (CWB & CWDB) showed the highest rate of sensitive to Impinem 100% represented CWDB, as well as the highest rate of resistance to Ampicillin 100% represented by the same group of isolates. experimental study with urinary tract infection by injecting bacterial stuck of Citrobacter freundii to the three groups of rabbits : first group ( 3 Rabbits ) : immunized with viable surface antigen extracted from CWDB, second group : ( 3 Rabbits ) immunized with heat killed surface antigen extracted from CWB, the third group (4 Rabbits) represented control group it been treated with sterile normal saline. the injection process through urethra, and then underwent a histological study, was histological damage to the members of the animal - derived non - immunized (control group) seemed clear was the appearance of symptoms of the total cellular infiltration and disruption of the mucous layer and epithelial and other symptoms. The immunized animals have shown their ability to defy injury. It is the study of serological reactions to bacterial antigens Citrobacter freundii immunized with vaccines for rabbits given high caliber agglutination with its specialized vaccines and low with adversity and that the absorption and the corresponding and variant antigen does not remove the agglutination effectiveness with immune sera prepared suggesting that the absorption is incomplete and that the difference between the wall and a wall defective in terms of antigenic is quantitative and qualitative.

التشخيص الجزيئي للخمائر والاعفان المرافقة لمخلفات الطيور وتقييم كفاءة بعض المستخلصات النباتية ضد خميرة Cryptococcus == Molecular Identification of Molds And Yeast Associated To Birds Wast And Evalution Efficiency of Some Plant Extract Against Cryptococcus

Author name: رسل عصام علي الظاهر
Supervisor name: زيدان خليف عمران المعموري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية عزل وتشخيص الاعفان والخمائر المرافقة لمخلفات الطيور باستخدام بعض التقنيات المظهرية والجزيئية. كما تم اختبار فعالية المستخلصات المائية لنبات وعرك لوية والقرنفل والبابونج في تثبيط نمو خميرة Cryptococcus neoformans.تم جمع 190 عينة من م | The present study aimed to isolation and diagnosis the molds and yeast from birds extract by use some of phenotype and molecular techinces. As well as the aqeous plant extracts of clove and Germin Chamamilla and east indian scrow tree.to inhibition Cryptococcus neoformans growth there is about 191 isolate was been collected from Babil and Karbala included 30 isolate (10 isolate hand printing and 10 isolate from ambiend air of bird brought zone, and 10 isolate from cough of men they are dealing with birds in pitry dish containing SDA media. The other 161 isolate was been collected from the wet and dry bird extract from the different environment.Culture method was used in the diagnosis as CHROMagar media to diagnosis Candida spp. Also used the haemolysis test of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster yeast and phospholipase and Urease test of Cryptococcus neoformans yeast.And used the molecular methods as DNA extraction and used PCR technice by use universal and specific primers.Results of analysis isolation and diagnosis showed that the maximum of present appearance was for Candida spp. 45.34% and molds Rhizopus sp. appearance percent 27.32% and frequency percent 28.21% and 3.65% consequently M. ornithogaster appearance percent 4.96% and frequency percent 35.77% while the other molds and yeast have appearance percent between 0.62 - 19.25% and frequency percent between 0.07 - 19.75% and the result of CHROMagar for Candida gives different color C.albicans was green color and C.krusei was pinki color.Cryptococcus showed apositive result in phospholipase and Urease test. haemolysis test of Macrorhabdus yeast was positive the hot aqeous plant extracts of clove and Germin Chamamilla and east indian scrow tree have the activity to inhibit the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans, but the more activity was east indian scrow tree with concentration 4%.The pair primer CAP60 succesful to diagnose Cryptococcus neoformans It was 603bp and primer AGY1\Sm2 successful to diagnose Macrorhabdus yeast

الاضطرابات الفسلجية والاجهاد التاكسدي لدى النساء في سن بعد الياس في محافظة بابل == Physiological Disturbances And Oxidative Stress In Postmenopausal Women In Babylon Province

Author name: سارة حاتم عجيل خضير
Supervisor name: داخل غاني عمران الوطيفي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يتميز سن الياس (Menopause) لدى الاناث بتوقف الحيض وتصبح الانثى غير خصبة بسبب فقدان جميع الحويصلات المبيضية (Ovarian follicles) والانخفاض الشديد لهرموني الاستروجين والبروجسترون صممت الدراسة الحالية لفحص الاضطرابات الفسلجية المختلفة والتي تشمل بعض المعايير | Menopause marks the time in women's life when her menstruation stop and she is no longer fertile because of exhaustion of ovarian follicles and sharply decrease in ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone.The present study was designated to determinate different physiological disturbances which occurring in some hematological and biochemical parameters of postmenopausal women. A total number used was 130 women, 100 women were postmenopause and subdivided into four age groups (46 - 50 year, 51 - 55 year, 56 - 60 year, and 61 - 65 year). Thirteen women were premenopause , used as a control group, their ages ranged between 20 - 30 years. In all age groups of postmenopausal women, it have been found that the levels of estradiol hormone were progressioly decreased (p<0.05) when compared with control group. Regarding hematological parameters, RBCs count was insignificantly increase (p>0.05) in all age groups of postmenopausal women. Levels of hemoglobin concentrations and packed cell volume were significantly increased (p<0.05) in all age groups of postmenopausal women compare to control groups. Blood platelets count recorded insignificant fall (p>0.05) in most age groups of postmenopausal women.As for, red blood indices (MCV, MCH, and MCHC) explained insignificant differences (p>0.05) of most menopausal women in a comparison with those control group. Total white blood cells have insignificant elevation (p>0.05) of most groups except 56 - 60 years groups. Regard to differential white blood cells, Levels of lymphocytes and monocyte have been showed insignificant drop (p>0.05) of the level of lymphocytes and significant increase (p<0.05) of first and second age groups in the levels of monocytes of postmenopausal women. Granulocytes white blood cells have been indicated different changes : Nentrophils were significantly higher (p<0.05)in all age groups of postmenopausal women, where as, eosinophils and basophils were insignificantly different (p>0.05) in most age groups. Concerning biochemical changes, Total serum proteins, Albumin, and globulin have been showed significant lowering (p<0.05) in all age groups of postmenopausal women. Statistical analyses showed a significant rise (p<0.05) of serum uric acid and urea levels in most group of postmenopausal women. Measurments of enzyme activities involved in liver (ALT and AST) were significantly hightened (p<0.05) in most age groups of postmenopausal women, Whil, ALP activities recorded insignificant increase (p>0.05) in all age group of postmenopausal women. Determinations of minerals showing a significant increase (p<0.05) in the levels of calcium and insignificant increase (p>0.05) in the levels of phosphorus in all groups of post menopausal women. Analyses of electrolytes have been explained a significant elevation (p<0.05) of the sodium and non significant difference (p>0.05) of the potassium in all groups of postmenopausal women.The present study involved determination specific and essential trace elements, Levels of copper explained a significant decrease (p<0.05) in all age groups associated with a significant increase (p<0.05) of zinc levels in postmenopausal women. Inversly, Values of magnesium were insignificantly different (p>0.05) in all age groups of postmenopausal women. The present study selects specific parameters to explaine oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Levels of malondeheyds were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in all groups of postmenopausal women, and correlated negatively (r= - 0.102) with level of estrogen. Values of reduced glutathione showed a significant decrease (0.05) in postmenopausal women and correlated positively (r=0.64) with the estrogen hormone. Analyses of antioxidants enzymes have been showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the activity of catalase enzymes of all groups of postmenopause. Also, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly decrease (p<0.05) in postmenopausal women and its correlation coefficient was r=0.263. In conclusion, changes summarized above may be attributed to deficiency of estradiol hormone in postmenopausal women which resulting in different physiological disturbances and these changes become aggravated and exacerbated because of oxidative stress occurring in decrease of estradiol hormones.

دراسـة تصنيفية للجـنـس Rhagadiolus Scop. (Compositae) في العراق == A Systematic Study of The Genus Rhagadiolus Scop. (Compositae) In Iraq

Author name: اوراس عبد السيد مهدي الحسيني
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية دراسة اربعة انواع للجنس Rhagadiolus Scop. في العراق دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة شملت الصفات المظهرية والتشريحية وحبوب اللقاح والبيئة والتوزيع الجغرافي للانواع اضافة الى التصنيف العددي.شملت الدراسة المظهرية صفات الجذور والسيقان والاوراق وا | The genus Rhagadiolus Scop. in Iraq has been systematically studied. Work involving comparative morphology, anatomy, palynology, ecology & geographical distribution and numerical taxonomy has been presented. The morphological study includes studying the characters of root, stems, leaves, inflorescences, phyllaries, flowers, and fruits in addition to indumentums. It has been clear that the characters of stems, leaves, involucres bracts and fruits have a taxonomic importance.Also it has studied some of the micro morphological characters and their taxonomic importances were assessed.The present study showed that the pollen grains of all species were found to be tricolporate with echinate surface & of little taxonomic value. This study also includes characters of the epidermal leaf and stems, indumentums, venation and transverse section of stems and leaves discussion were also included, the taxonomic importance of each character & its variation, it is shown that these characters have an importance assessing morphological characters to isolate these species.Data obtained from herbarium specimens, literature and trips was utilized to elucidate the ecology of the species. Maps of geographical distribution were prepared for all species studied. It has been shown that R.angulosus was the most widely distributed species in the country. The species under current study were numerically treated ; dendrograms and polygonal graphs were drawn for the species of the genus. In conclusion (4) species of the genus Rhagadiolus : R.angulosus, R.edulis, R.hamosus and R.stellatus were recognized for Iraq, taxonomic treatment has been carried out for all Rhagadiolus species and key was designed for them too.

تاثير نقص البروتين في بعض التغيرات النسجية والسريرية والوظيفية في ذكور الفئران البيض == The Effect of Protein Deficiency In Some Clinical, Histological And Physiological Changes In Male White Mice

Author name: نسم عماد دايم الفؤادي
Supervisor name: فاضل فرهود مكي الجبوري | هاشم محمد عبد الكريم العلاق
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The present study is designed to know the effect of protein deficiency on mice males through study the clinical histological changes of some organs including (liver, kidney, stomach and testes).In addition of study the blood and biochemical parameters, where they were sheltering animals in the animal house of the branch of physiology / College of Veterinary Medicine / University of AL - Qadisiya and the number was 90, all of the mice are males and age (28 - 30) days kept for two weeks before starting the experiment for the purpose of acclimatization was given during this period, diet control, then the experiment began between 01/05/2014 until 19/2 / 2014, and at weights ranging from start racing experience between 17 - 18 g, all in a period of growth.These animals were divided into three groups, each group contains 30 mice, first group (control) was give 18% total protein contains animal protein 7%, while the second group was given 13% total protein contain 3.5% animal protein, and the third group was given 10 % total protein without any animal protein for different period as follow (15, 30, 45)day.Experiment takes study of changes in body weight of animals and some selected organs also study histological changes for studied organs, also physiological blood parameters such as PCV, Hb, GCS and TSP.Results showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in weight body rate of animals, also in the rate of selected organs means compared with control group. The second treatment for 45 days most significant in decreased of body weight and organs weight if it compared with first treatment in all periodsHistological procedures showed that clinical and histological changes are graduated by the severe of protein deficiency and period of time. The histology investigation for liver showed that congestion of blood vessels accompanied with dilation of central vein and portal vein, and necrosis of the hepatic cells and destroyed the general total structure of liver. The section of kidney showed that necrosis and destroyed in renal tubules and epithelial cells in the lumen of tubules and bleeding in renal tubules and clear shrinkage in glomerulus. There are histological changes in stomach by necrosis and desquamation for gastric cells in both period (30, 45) days, while there are no histological clinical changes in both doses in period (15 days) for exposure. Histological sections of testes showed induction inhibition of spermatogenesis and desquamation of germ cells and congestion in the interstitial tissue and dilation of lumen of seminiferous tubules in both periods (30, 45) days, while there is no any changes in both first and second treatment in period of (15)days.In contrast, the hematological parameters showed that the concentration of Hb, PCV significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood of treatment animals which correlated with protein deficiency compared with control group, and the second treatment for (45) days showed the most significant in the parameters compared with the first treatment and for all periods.Biochemical tests obtain significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood glucose level in both treatment first and second in first period. Also the results showed that no significant increase in first treatment in both periods (30, 45) days compared with control group, while there is significant increase in the level of blood glucose in the second treatment in both periods (30, 45) days compared with the control group. Also did not score a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the total serum protein in thefirst treatment in the first period (15) days, compared with the control group, and found a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the first treatment in the two periods (30, 45) days compared with the control group, while found a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the total serum protein in the second treatment period (15, 30, 45) days compared with the control group.It can be conclusion that the exposure for protein deficiency due to clear clinical histological changes for studied organs and some changes in some hematological and biochemical parameters in white mice which treated with protein deficiency which it causes these symptoms

انتاج انزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي من العزلة المحلية لبكتريا Bacillus sp. وتنقيته جزئيا

Author name: جعفر انور قدوري الخاجي
Supervisor name: رباب عمران راضي الجيلاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Fifteen local isolates of Bacillus bacteria and previously isolated were screening a from laboratory of advanced biotechnology and Genetic Engineering in Babylon University, College of Science to know their ability on production of extracellular alkaline phosphatase after its growth in liquid production in PH8 medium for 4 days and temperature 37°C. and destinguished 11 isolates by their different abilities on produc of enzyme and Bacillus sp.I bacteria was their best and perfected it selection to complete the study and described by depending on microscopic and cultured and biochemical characteristics studying of effect some of environmental condition for production of alkaline phosphatase enzyme by submerged cultural method were appeared that the optimum PH for production was 8, and optimum temperature 40°C, after incubation time 4days and explain that the production by static incubator was better from shaker incubator.Alkaline phosphatase of the isolate Bacillus sp.I was purified partial by fractionating with ammonium sulphate and the best ratio for saturation 95%. And on purification of enzyme by ion exchange chromatography with batch wise by using DEAE - cellulose and enzymatic recovery was 37.1%, and fold 3.64 once, and enzyme passed after concentrated on gel filtration column (Sepharcyl S - 200) one peak was appeared for enzyme and enzymatic recovery was 23 % and fold 36.80 once.Results of electrophoresis by presense of denaturation condition appeared that the molecular weight of alkaline phosphatase produced from gel filteration by using Sepharcyl S - 200 gain approximately 29.5 KDa and 28.8 KDa and this enzyme composed of homodimer.The characterization results for the enzyme indicated that the optimal pH for activity of enzyme was (9), while the optimal pH for the enzyme stability was (8 - 9), and found that the optimal temperature for activity of anzyme was 30 ? C, and on studying optimal temperature for stability of enzyme indicated that better stability for this enzyme was on temperature 0 ?C while the activity lost completely on temperature 60°C. and on studying effect some chemical compounds in activity of enzyme found that the enzyme needs to cofactor and it is zinc andmagnessium ion to increase catalytic activity and needs to calessium ion to increase stability of enzyme. At that time potassium and sodium ions appeared a negatively effect on activity, and heavy metals ions Fe and Hg appeared an inhibited effect to activity and so that the enzyme was inhibited by presence EDTA and and potassium ferro cyanide indicating that the enzyme from metal enzymes.Determination of constant kinitics of the enzyme was completed of Michaelis - Menten constant (Km) of para - nitrophenyl phosphate and this gained 500 micromolar and maximum velocity of this enzyme (Vmax), and this gained 2500 unit/ml.

دراسة مناعية لمستضد متعدد السكريد للفطر Aspergillus niger في الارنب == Immunological Study of Aspergillus Niger Polysaccharide Antigen In Rabbit

Author name: غدير كاظم عبود الخفاجي
Supervisor name: نداء شهاب حمد | فريال جميل عبد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت خلال هذه الدراسة 50 عينة تمثلت ب 25 عينة تربة و25 عينة قشع من اشخاص مصابين بالتدرن الرئوي والوافدين لمركز التدرن والامراض الصدرية في محافظة بابل خلال المدة المحصورة للفترة من تشرين اول 2013 ولغاية شباط 2014 تم خلالها عزل الفطر Aspergillus niger وبنس | fifty specimens were collected, 25 samples were collected from soil while the other 25 sample were collected from sputum of pateints with Tuberculosis, who admitted to thoracic diseases center in Babylon province in period October 2013 to Febreury 2014. Aspergillus niger Has been Isolated from these sample with 56% appearance in soil & 48% in sptum of TB pateints.these isolated were examined micro and macroscopically. purified Fungi was culture on potato dextrose broth, after incubation period polysaccharide antigen of A.niger cell wall was prepared for isolated from soil and TB patients suptum. Molish, protein and glucose test to provide that these antigen are polysaccharide, then immunuization of local rabbit of Orcyctalagus conninculus age 3 - 5 months & 1 - 1.5 Kg for males only (3 animals for each antigen) After the immunization period (one month) some of local and systemic immune response parameters (cellular and humoral) to test animals were studied and compared with control animals which immunized with normal saline. The results of study showed that the polysaccharide antigen isolated from these two strains lead to stimulate systemic humaral immune response which had been studied by using direct agglutination test for appendix immunoglobulin passive haemagglutination test (both were used to determined antibody titer), radialimmunodiffusion test in order to determine level of concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) and complement part (C3, C4). where The results of direct agglutination titer of animals immunized with polysaccharide antigen 128 and 1 for control animals and heamagglutination tests titer of animals immunized with polysaccharide antigen serum (2560). These results were higher compared with control group titer (10) and this is also true for immunoglobulin and concentration of IgG, IgM for immunized animals compared to control one. In addition to that The concentration of C3 and C4 had been increased in immunized animals compared to the control. cellular immunological response had been measured by using rabbit Neutrophil Elastase Kit. The eresult show an increase in the level of phagocytosis in animals immunoized with polysaccharide antigen isolated from A.niger cell wall of TB pateints 0.37±0.03 pg/dl while decreased in animals immunoized with polysaccharide of soil A.niger 0.72294±0.25548pg/dl compared with control animals 0.6±0.16386 pg/dl. on the other hand the humaral adaptive immune response had been identified by measuring cytokine IL - 2, IL - 10 in serum rabbit, the level of IL - 2 in rabbit immunoized with polysaccharide antigen soure TB patients and soil is 5.4129±1.08979 and 4.2641±0.62997 pg/dl respectively compared with control animals 3.9327±0.55587 pg/dl. The level of IL - 10 had been dropped for immunized animals with A.niger of TB pateints and from soil 4.8762±1.15104 and 8.2632±4.31933 pg/dl while the control animals having the highest level 10.2576±5.23356 pg/dl among the groups. IgE concentration measured significant difference at p>0.05 in immunized animals of A.niger in both TB pateints and soil 1.1701±0.05811 and 1.0770±0.19355 ml/Iu compared with control where IgE0.8723±0.0849ml/Iu. Miotic index of bone morrow immunized and control animals show mean difference is signification at p>0.05.where the result demonstrate that the polysaccharide antigen fissed the bone marro cells compared to controlled one. In order to identify the viability of antigen in protection. challenge dose test made by injection animals with 108 spore/ml of A.niger conidia which prove their protection in immunized animals while the control animals undergo many morphological and behavioral changes after 5 - 7 days of their injection.I addition that the size of lung and spleen increased when compared with immunized one. The histological culture of lung and spleen of challenge test animals in order to identify the ability and speed of their body to evadicate and prevent infection, display that A.niger coloni appeared for control animals (6 rabbit) while disappeared in culture of immunized one. Skin test also performed to experimental animals which indicate that polysaccharide antigen of A.niger interact with hypersensitivity test of rabbit, where the level of late hypersenetivity increased clearly with propability of p>0.05 with the highest level after 24 hours of beginning test compared to controlled one.

دراسة بيئية وحياتية للمجتمع السمكي في نهر الفرات/ وسط العراق == Ecological and Biological Study of fish Community in Euphrates River / Middle of Iraq

Author name: ماهر محمد خضيري
Supervisor name: ميسون مهدي صالح الطائي | مؤيد جاسم ياس العماري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في نهر الفرات عند سدة الهندية خلال المدة من تشرين الاول 2012 لغاية ايلول 2013 لغرض دراسة بيئة وحياتية المجتمع السمكي، وتم اختيار موقعين، يقع الموقع الاول في شمال سدة الهندية، ويقع الموقع الثاني في جنوب سدة الهندية، وتضمنت الدراسة تاث | The Present study was carried out on the Euphrates River during the period from October 2012 to September 2013 to study ecology and biology of fish community in the river, two study sites were chosen the first one was in the north and the second one was in the south of Al - Hindiya dam.The study was included the effects of some physical, chemical factors of water and Al - Hindiya dam on ecological and biological of fish population as well as measurement of the concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phases of water and in the tissue of three types of freshwater fish that was high dominance in three age groups. Study of the number of species, individuals, Total of weight of individual. Some ecological indices were study as index of Relative abundance, Species Richness index and Shanon wiener index for determining the evaluate of biodiversity of fish. Also Jaccared index of similarity was used to explain the similarity between sites of study and among months. Constant index was used to determine the constancy of taxa. Biological study of this of three fish that have high dominance from the side of food, age, growth, sex ratio, gonado somatic index and length - weight relationships. Air temperature and water temperature were ranged in two study sites between (15 - 43.8) C? and (10 - 29) C? respectively, pH values were between (7.6 - 8.6), Water current velocity values were between (0.14 - 0.72) m/sec, light penetration values were between (27.3 - 193.3) cm, the value of electrical conductivity were between (822 - 1323) ? sem/cm , Total dissolved solid values were between (663.3 - 932) mg/L, while The total suspended solid were between (0.009 - 0.23) mg/L and the values of dissolved oxygen were ranged between (6.13 - 10.33) mg/L.The biological oxygen demand were recorded values that range between (0.68 - 4.3) mg/L. . The water of Euphrates river were considered slight alkaline according to the results of present study and ranged between (33.33 - 164.3) mg CaCO3/L and the water were very hard according to high values record for total hardness (391.6 - 886.6) mg CaCO3 /L, while the values of calcium and magnesium hardness were ranged between (86.1 - 188.4), (19.8 - 138) mg CaCO3/L respectively.The values of phosphate were ranged between (0.51 - 13.12) ?g/L and Nitrate values were ranged between (6.23 - 70.17) ?g/L, while the values of nitrite were ranged between (0.17 - 4.98) ?g/L. in especially, the effects of Al - Hindiya dam, the results were showed that numbers of species before and after of Al - Hindiya dam were ranged between (23 - 17) species respectively. the results were showed positive and negative correlation between physical, chemical properties of water and Heavy metals with number of species, individuals, weights and Biodiversity indices. This study showed that the mean concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) of the dissolved phase in water were (2.14, 1.61, 3.10, 7.63) ?g/L respectively and in the particulate phase were (33.99 112.87، 84.21، 21.12،) ?g/g dry weight respectively, the results of present study were showed that the concentration of heavy metals in water in dissolved and particulate phases within local and world limitations. The heavy metals in muscular tissue for three groups of this fish were ordered in as following : Zn >Mn > Pb > Cd. Twenty - three fish species were collected, (17) of them belonged to Cyprinidae family and two species belonged Bagridae family while only one species represented each family of Mugilidae, Siluridae, Mastacembelidae, Cichlidae, the number of species were ranged during the period of study between (5 - 18), The total number of individuals was 2401 individual and the number of individual were ranged monthly between (129 - 276) individual, while the total weight of individuals were 232868 gm during the period of study and The weight of individuals were ranged monthly between (13072 - 29598) gm. Carassius auratus wae recorded with the highest percentage in number and weight as 35.2% and 27.5% respectively. while A.vorax was after C.auratus in total number 13.6%, but it was after C.auratus and C.carpio in total weight 16.9% of the total individual weight. The values of species richness index were ranged between (0.79 - 3.23) and numerical of shanon wiener index values (Hn) were ranged between (1.26 - 2.39), while the weight of shanon wiener index value (Hb) were ranged between (1.21 - 2.35). the numerical and weight of eveness index (Jn) were ranged between (0.65 - 0.86), (0.68 - 0.89) respectively during the period of study. Jaccared similarity index were ranged between (23% - 92%). And the study was revealed that the most species recorded during the period of study were constant species according to constancy index. C. carpio fish were Omniovorous and It's feeding activity was ranged between (70% - 91.42%) and feeding intensity was (6.9 - 12.17) degree/fish.while C. auratus were detritious, It's feeding activity was ranged between (56.75% - 94.28%) and feeding intensity was (6.91 - 12.87) degree/fish. A. vorax were carnivorous and It's feeding activity values were ranged between (69.2% - 90.32%), while feeding intensity values were ranged between (6.85 - 13.03) degree/fish. The results was showed the values of age and length for C. carpio that ranged between (1 - 5) years, (9.7 - 40.2) cm , and C. auratus were ranged between (1 - 6) years, (8.3 - 28) cm, while A.vorax were ranged between (1 - 7) years, (10 - 62) cm respectively. Sex ratio and gonado - somatic index (GSI) varied between the three species, sex ratio of C.carpio (male : female) was 1 : 3.1. (GSI) for male was ranged between (2.21 - 12.02) and for female between (3.36 - 19.36).The sex ratio of C. auratus male : female was 1 : 1.9, GSI values for male was ranged between (0.89 - 8.53) and for females between (1.23 - 61.37). A.vorax sex ratio male : female 1 : 1.5, GSI value for male and female were ranged between (0.36 - 2.84) and (0.24 - 5.83) respectively.Variation of values of slope factor (b) were calculated from length - weight relationships for three species of fish, the values of (b) factor for C.carpio, C.auratus and A. vorax (3.08, 2.97, 2.92) respectively during the period of study

الكشف عن الجينات المقاومة للكاربابنيم لبكتريا Acinetobacter baumannii المعزولة من عينات سريرية في محافظة بابل == Detection of Carbapenem - Resistant Genes of Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Clinical Samples In Babylon Province

Author name: رعـد عبد العباس حمزة الهرموش
Supervisor name: ايمان محمد جار الله
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: للفترة من اذار 2014 الى اذار 2015 تم جمع 1300 عينة سريرية مختلفة (عينات ادرار ومسحات جروح وحروق وعينات دم ومسحات من الفم والاذن والعيون بالاضافة لعينات البراز والقشع) من اثنين من مستشفيات محافظة بابل (مستشفى الحلة التعليمي ومستشفى بابل التعليمي للنسائية و| During the period between March 2014 and March 2015, a total of 1300 clinical specimens (urine, wounds, burns, blood, throat, ear, eye, stool, and sputum) were collected from two hospitals in Babylon province; Al - Hillah Teaching Hospital, and Babylon Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric. All specimens were cultured and 10 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were obtained from clinical specimens in a percentage of (0.76%) distributed in blood 1 (0.6%), urine 2 (1%), wound infection 1 (0.75%), burn 5 (0.85%) and throat 1 (2%). This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates obtained from Hillah hospitals. Isolates were identified according to API20E system and further confirmed using PCR technique. Antibiotics susceptibility was assayed by using disks diffusion method according to CLSI recommendations. All isolates revealed positive results with rapid iodometric test indicting the ability of beta lactamase production. Phenotypic detection of carbapenemase production was performed using the imipenem - EDTA disk and modified Hodeg's test (MHT). Then isolates were subjected to monoplex PCR targeting blaOXA - 51, blaOXA - 23, blaOXA - 24, blaOXA - 58, blaIMP, blaSIM blaNDM - 1, blaNDM - 2 and blaVIM genes, as well as, efflux pumps genes. One of the identified isolates (10%) was found to be imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem resistant, this isolate gave positive result with the imipenem - EDTA disk and (60%) of isolates were positive to MHT. PCR experiments showed ; all isolates were harbored blaOXA - 51 gene, four (40%) isolates were harbored blaOXA - 23 gene, three (30%) isolates were harbored blaOXA - 24 gene, four (40%) isolates were harbored blaOXA - 58 gene, five (50%) isolates were harbored blaIMP gene, six (60%) isolates were harbored blaSIM gene, two (20%) isolates were harbored blaNDM - 1 gene, four (40%) isolates were harbored blaNDM - 2 gene, while none of these isolates harbored blaVIM gene. The present findings suggest that emergence of (OXA - 23, OXA - 24, OXA - 58, IMP, SIM, NDM - 1, NDM - 2) carbapenemase producing A. baumannii clinical isolates in Hillah City hospitals. Also there are indicative appearance of efflux pump genes ; (50%) for Ade - A and Ade - B each other, (40%) for Ade - C, (80%) for all of Ade - R and Ade - S, (100%) for all of Ade - I and Ade - J, and (50%) for Ade - Y. All isolates of A. baumannii appear as MDR, while only one appear to be as PDR. The trans - mobility of resistant genes was examined by trans - conjugation experiment ; the results indicated that only blaIMP and blaOXA - 23 genes were transferred horizontally in the current study. In attempting to investigate any blaNDM gene variation the results showed some different than NCBI - Blast A. baumannii blaNDM - 1 and blaNDM - 2 it may as a unique genotyping.These results revealed that carbapenemase producing A. baumannii were detected in both phenotypic and genotypic methods (PCR). This underlies the importance of their accurate identifications and reporting to prevent the emergence of complete resistance to the most potent drugs against A. baumannii in Babylon province.

دراسة جزيئية، وخلوية وراثية، ومناعية لمرض سرطان القولون والمستقيم في العراق == Molecular, Cytogenetic And Immunological Study of Colorectal Cancer In Iraqi Patients

Author name: حيدر جاسم محمد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: علي حمود السعدي | عزام قنبر اغا
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The study consists of three parts related with patients of CRC as in : 1 - Molecular part 2 - Cytogenetic and molecular genetics part and 3 - Immunological part. In addition of their relatives of clinical and pathological diagnosis, genus, and tumor locations in 150 of Iraqi patients confirmed with CRC collected from Teaching Hospitals of some Iraqi governorates. The percent of male to female (54.66% / 45.43%) and the aged range of study were 16 to 80 years.The first part consist a study of five types of genes related with CRC represented by MLH1, MSH2, APC, K ras, and SMAD7 genes. Some of these genes develop with germline mutations as in MLH 1 exons1 and 15 so as MSH2 genes. While the rest genes related with a sporadic of CRC. All these genes were amplified by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for study the types of the mutations and their defect of these genes on CRC. The APC exon11and K ras exon1 genes were processed by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) technique. The results of PCR - SSCP technique for two genes represented by appeared three types of bands, which were (AA), (AB) and (AC) bands. The important band was (AB) which constitutes the variability region represented by 84.2% and 44.82% in patients for both genes. The results of patients with mutated bands with high significant differences(P?0.05).compared with healthy control. Patients carried these bands subjected to PCR - Sequences technique. The analysis results for APC gene sequences were substitutions mutations type of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) change Cytocine to Thiamin (C>T) at 1972 location of genome. While the analysis results of Kras gene appeared two types of mutations, substitution and frame shifts represented by deletion mutation and so as appeared stop codon mutation.The other genes represented by MLH1, MSH2, and SMAD detected by direct PCR - Sequences. The results analysis of MLH1 gene, exon (1and 15) represented by nucleotides change with high frequencies of substitution mutation through exon1 at different locations of nucleotides. So as frame shift mutation type deletion through exon15. While for MSH2 gene, exon 6 from 6.66% represent by deletion mutation. A spread study for SMAD7 gene, exon4 were done through 30 patients average age 52 years (male to female 56.7% : 53.3%) confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma compared with 15 healthy. A mutation of 20% of (SNPs) were identified.The second part which represented standard conventional cytogenetic and molecular genetics were done through peripheral blood culture (PBC). The study showed increasing of mitotic index (MI) in patients with significant differences (P?0.05) compared with healthy controls indicating for increasing of proliferation of the lymphocytes division. The study showed some chromosomal aberrations with significant, the majority of aberrations were higher significant in dwarf and aneuploidy chromosomes so as elongation chromosomes revealed significant differences (P?0.05) between patients and healthy. The appeared of Polyploidy chromosomes, with significant differences (P?0.05), that’s seem to be good indicator for cancer disease. The molecular genetics alterations which dependent on cytogenetic investigation were done through deletion of long arm of 5 chromosome which APC gene is located. The test elucidates the importance of inactivation (deletion) of APC gene in elicited of colorectal cancer. The study of 20 patients, were investigated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The results showed 60% patients which have 5q arm deletion of (+). And (5%) have two deletions (++) which was a male aged less than 60 years. The results analysis explained significant differences (p?0.01) between studied group and deletion (+) of arm 5q. A correlation represented by significant differences (p?0.01)through dysfunction of APC gene deletion of 5q were found with high percent among sporadic adenocarcinoma 58.3%, with less in attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) represented by the (25%), and (16.7) respectively.The last part related with immunological test were done by detection of tumor markers represented by Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA), IL - 33 and IL - 31.These markers represented a confirmative indicators for colorectal adenocarcinoma which were tested by ELISA technique in (79) patients confirmed with CRC of male and female. These tumor markers in tested with patients showed high significant differences (p?0.01) compared with healthy controls. Another immunological test for detection of Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 18 E6 gene expression in CRC by Immune histochemistry technique (IHC) in 71 (FFPET) of CRC. The results of this study showed there were a correlations between patients and adenocarcinoma positive HPV18 E6 infection 43.7% of patients infected with virus, with high significant differences (p?0.01) and higher infection in female (67.7%) than male (32.3%). So as a correlations were found between HPV18 E6 expression and tumor tissue locations, explained by high percentage 45.2% in rectum.While a tumor marker was (CD8+) was used to determine its role in human immune surveillance in tumor regions of CRC so as with regions which were infected by HPV. The study revealed high significant differences between healthy control and studied groups which have (CD8+) positive infiltration in tumor origins through detection by (IHC).In conclusions diagnosis of CRC can be detected by special genes like K ras gene through professional PCR processing, compact with tumor markers, so as Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique provides a precise method which can be used for detection of alteration of molecular and cytogenetic related with CRC.

النمو، الفعالية الانزيمية والتعبير الجيني للانزيمات المحللة للبروتين (Protease) في الفطر الجلدي Trichophyton rubrum == Growth, Enzyme Activity And Gene Expression of Proteases In A Dermatophyte Trichophyton Rubrum

Author name: سارة كريم كاظم الزبيدي
Supervisor name: جواد كاظم الجنابي | عدنان حمد الحمداني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لتوصيف الانماط الجزيئية والمظهرية للنمو والفعالية الانزيمية للانزيم المحلل للبروتين والتنوع الوراثي وعلاقته بالتعبير الجيني بين عزلات الفطر الجلدي.Trichophyto rubrum ولهذا الغرض جمعت 150 عينة سريرية (قشطات جلدية (80), اجزاء شعر (60) | The present study was designed to characterize the morphological and the molecular patterns of growth, enzymic activity of proteases, genetic diversity and their correlation with gene expression among strains of Trichophyton rubrum. For these purpose, A total of 150 clinical specimens (skin scrapings (80), hair fragments (60) and nail clippings (10)) were collected from 100 patients (70 males&80 females) whom clinically diagnosed with dermatophytosis after attendingto the dermatology and venereal diseases centre of Mergan Teaching hospital and private clinic in Babylon city from Feb. 2014 to May 2014. T. rubrum were isolated and identified using cultural, biochemical and physiological tests. Isolates were then subjected for confirmation by PCR, genotyping using RFLP - PCR, sequencing and registration of these sequences in GeneBank for obtaining accession numbers then phylogeny. The growth conditions, were tested, in addition to, the genetic expression of proteases (exocellular protease and endocellular aminopeptidase) were determined using Real - Time PCR. Out of 150 specimens, 24 (16%) isolates were dermatophytic fungi and only 5 (20.8%) of them belong to T. rubrum. The influence of cultural conditions in growth of T. rubrum showed that the 30 ?C, pH 6, SDA medium and 7 days incubation were the optimal conditions for its growth. Proteolytic activity of isolates of T. rubrum against casein as a substrate revealed an ability to produce protease in solid and liquid media after 14 days of incubation. This activity was varies according to the type of isolate where the isolate No.1 (isolated from skin) gave a high proteolytic activity (5.6cm) in solid media and (80.1U/ml) in liquid media in comparison with other tested isolates (No.2 - No.8). on the other hands, the 9 days of incubation, 30 ?C, pH 7 and 0.5% substrate concentration were the optimal condition for proteolytic activity of these isolates. The molecular tests confirmed that all tested isolates belong to T. rubrum with amplicon size (601bp) after amplification of ITS1 primers using PCR technique. While the RFLP - PCR technique showed the presence of two genotypes (I%II) belong to T. rubrum with subgenotypes (Ia - Id) and (IIa - IId) respectively. The relative quantification of proteolytic activity (exocellular protease and endocellular aminopeptidase) produced by T. rubrum genotypes were expressed by using Real - Time PCR after amplification of the target gene of ptotease and aminopeptidase in comparison with housekeeping gene (? - actin) as a reference gene. The results showed the up - regulation of gene encoded to exocellular protease than the down - regulation of endocellular aminopeptidase produced by T. rubrum in the presence of casein as a substrate. The internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence, 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence and 28S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence of local isolates of T. rubrum were used for sequencing, registration in Genebank - NCBI and phylogeny. Five accession numbers were recorded and available to NCBI, EMBL in Europe and the DNA Bank of Japan. These accession numbers were : KP979787, KP979788, KP979789, KP979790, KP979791. Phylogenetic relation between local strains and world strain showed a high identicasl with T. rubrum (GQ376105.1). This is the first study in Iraq which employed sequencing, registration of sequences in Genebank - NCBI and carrying out phylogeny of local and world strains of T. rubrum.

مستوى الهستامين وبعض المعايير المناعية لمرضى الحساسية التنفسية من النوع الاول == The Level of Histamine And Some Immunological Parameters Among Airway Hypersensitivity Type I Patients

Author name: سلوى احمد حمزة الكرادي
Supervisor name: فريال جميل عبد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تم جمع 50 عينة دم من مرضى الحساسية التنفسية من النوع الاول المراجعين لمركز الحساسية والربو في محافظة بابل للفترة الممتدة ما بين تشرين الثاني 2013 ولغاية شباط 2014, بالاضافة الى 10 عينات دم من الاشخاص غير المصابين بالحساسية من النوع الاول والذين كان معدل I | Blood samples have been drawn from 50 airway hypersensitivity type I patients who visit the center of the allergies and asthma in the province of Babylon, for the period between November 2013 and up to February 2014, in addition to 10 samples from persons with normal IgE level as a control. The sample was divided into two parts, the first used to measure the level of eosinophils and basophils and the second used to measure the level of immune parameters, which included histamine, IgE, IL - 5, IL - 10 and IL - 12 by using the technique of Enzyme - Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). Study community were divided into three groups, the first group named before immunotherapy treatment and the second group after immunotherapy treatment and final is for control. Conducted differences in the level of immune parameters between the three groups, there were significant differences between the group before the treatment and control group as well as between the group before treatment and after treatment. The level of histamine for the three groups (before treatment and after the treatment and control), reached respectively 34.8292 ± 6.47680 ng / ml and 9.3238 ± 3.55296 ng / ml and 6.9844 ± 3.05477 ng / ml, and the level of IgE reached to the before treatment group 40.6279 ± 15.24231 IU / ml and the after treatment group 23.9529 ± 11.88933 IU / ml and control group 11.7796 ± 5.53 IU / ml, while the cell count of eosinophils for the before treatment group 0.7283 ? 0.24556 x 103 cells / mm 3 and after treatment group 0.3643 ? 0.14861 x 103 cells / mm 3 and control 0.2252 ? 0.09139 x 103 cells / mm 3 , as well as for the cells of basophils for the before treatment group 0.1008 ? 0.03391 x 103 cells / mm 3 and after treatment group 0.0777 ? 0.03485 x 103 cells / mm 3 and control 0.0724 ? 0.03568 x 103 cells / mm 3 , As for the cytokines the level of IL - 5 reached for the same groups 51.3214 ± 6.18565 pg / ml and 22.7254 ± 3.99360 pg / ml and 24.5404 ± 8.64920 pg / ml respectively, while IL - 10 has reached 14.9604 ± 6.48170 pg / ml and 43.0476 ± 21.26668 pg / ml and 24.4969 ± 10.21066 pg / ml, respectively, and finally the level of IL - 12 reached for the same groups 17.753 ± 8.39343 pg / ml and 39.1929 ± 17.73975 pg / ml and 26.7731 ± 12.93092 pg / ml, respectively. There were been a difference in the level of immune parameters for a number of variables, , place of residence, gender, and type of allergy, there were no significant differences observed in the level of immune parameters between these variables. comparison was made in the level of immune parameters for the group after the treatment depending on the duration of immunotherapy, and found that there were significant differences in the level of these parameters with the increase of the duration of treatment. Through this study, conducted the correlation among histamine and the rest of the immune parameters and the results were pointing to the positive correlation of histamine with IgE, IL - 5, eosinophils and basophils and negative correlation with IL - 10 and IL - 12.

تاثير الماء المعالج مغناطيسيا في بعض الصفات المظهرية والكيموحيوية في عقل نبات الماش (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) == Effect of Magnetically Treated Water On Some Morphological And Biochemical Properties of Mung Bean (Phaseolus Aureus Roxb.) Cuttings

Author name: عامر راضي عبد الحسين جبار
Supervisor name: بشير عبد الحمزة محمد العلواني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted in order to investigate the role of magnetically water in the rooting of fresh and aged (phaseolus aureus roxb.) cuttings, and the impact of treated water in some morphological criteria and biochemical that interfere in the induction of rooting in cuttings and fall clearly when delayed induced auxin treatment in aged cuttings. Study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of biology at the University of Babylon, for the period 2012 - 2014 was the use of magnetic therapy devices (Magnitron) of water with three gauss 1000, 2000.3000 so as to provide a magnetic flow to distilled water and river water and used as well as the complete randomized design and analyzed the results statistically significant and valuable knowledge LSD to extract the significantly differences between the treatments and the results were as follows : Physiological parts1. Increase the number of roots significantly in cuttings when treat for 24 h.with auxin dissolved with distilled water processor in 1000 gauss amounted to 77.75 root / cutting.2. The results showed that the roots rate increased significantly in the treatment of fresh cuttings treated in distilled water processor 1000 gauss gave 64 root / cutting. As well as the rest treatments affect in rooting increase as given (58, 52.25) root / cutting for each of the treatment 2000.3000 gauss, respectively.3. The treatment of river water as well as magnetically influenced in increasing the number of roots significantly in three processes and the highest being in the 1000 gauss(84) root / cutting.4. The results showed that distilled water processor magnetic effect is significant in the processes that occur during ageing of the cuttings, which led to a reduction in rooting rate in aged cuttings, as it was observed that the treatment of the cuttings for 72 - hour in 1000 gauss is the best of the rest of the treatments amounted to 48 root / cutting. As the impact of river water processor magnetically significantly increase the number of roots in the aged cuttings as treatment given to 1000 gauss higher values 70 root / cuting.Biochemical parts.1. The results showed that chlorophyll content increased significantly when using the river water wizard three intensities (18.09, 17.43, 16.99) (spad) intensities of 1000, 2000.3000 gauss respectively.other each of distilled water and river water processor magnetically in 1000 gauss increase in chlorophyll content to 16.07, 18.57 (spad) respectively in aged cuttings.2. It was observed that the treatment of auxin dissolved in three intensities impacted significantly on the effectiveness of antioxidants defense system and the highest being at the treatment of the cuttings in auxin dissolved water magnetically processor in 1000 gauss, as was the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD 1.85 unit in the effectiveness of the enzyme CAT reached 15.30 unit and increased GSH content to 0.914 mg / g when compared with the control treatment.3. influenced the treatment of fresh cuttings in distilled water magnetically processor with three intensities are equally matched in the effectiveness of SOD and CAT, and the highest being at 1000 gauss magnetic intensity as it affected the effectiveness of the CAT to 31.62 units. Magnetic intensity also affected the same increase in GSH content reached significantly to 0.710 mg / g.4. The results showed the treatment of fresh cuttings river water magnetically wizard in three intensities increase in the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD and CAT, and the highest being at the treatment of 1000 gauss, amounting to 4.168, 45.9 U for both enzymes, respectively, as GSH content increased significantly, reaching 0.810 mg / g in the treatment of the fresh cuttings in 1000 gauss.5. I have not noticed any significant effect of distilled water processor magnetically as well as river water in the MDA content.6. The impact of distilled water processor 1000 gauss significantly in increasing the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD and CAT in aged cuttings, amounting to 2.88, 42.84 units respectively, as GSH content increased to 0.785 mg / g when the treatment of tresh cuttings in distilled water processor with 1000 gauss and also affected the rest of the intensities increase in GSH content in aged cuttings.7. increased the effectiveness of enzyme SOD and CAT when treated of aged cuttings in river water processor magnetically 1000 gauss, amounting to 2.9, 51.2 units respectively, as GSHwas significant increase in content to 0.854 mg / g when treatment aged cuttings in river water processor 1000 gauss and also affected the rest of the intensities increase in GSH content.8. The use of treated water magnetically 1000 gauss significantly effect in reducing the MDA content in aged cuttings 0.293 mg/g fresh weight.

الكشف عن بكتريا الكوكسيلا بيرنتي في حالات الاجهاض في الانسان والمجترات الصغيرة في محافظة ذي قار == Detection The Role of Coxiella Burnetii In Abortion of Human And Small Ruminants In The Thi - Qar Province

Author name: عباس دخيل مطر جبر الجوراني
Supervisor name: عبد الله كاظم هندي | محمد عبد الله جبر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: الحمى المجهولة من الامراض الواسعة الانتشار في العالم تحدث بسبب جرثومة الكوكسيلا بيرنتي.هذه الجرثومة تسبب عدة امراض الاجهاض هو الاكثر حدوثا. المخاطر البيولوجية وانشار هذه البكتريا على النساء المجهضة والحيوانات في العراق غير معروفة. لذلك هدفت هذه الدراسة ال | Query fever is a worldwide distributed disease caused by Coxiella burnetii bacteria causes several disease main of this disease is abortion, the biological hazard and prevalence of this bacterium on the aborted woman and small ruminants are not known in Iraq. Therefore this study was aimed to detection and isolation of Coxiella burnetii as a causative agent of abortion in woman and female of small ruminants.352 samples were collected includes human samples and animals samples. A total of 120 blood aborted women, 7 breast milk samples, 20 placental samples and 50 blood samples from normal women as control groups, these samples collected from Bent Al - Huda hospital in Thi - Qar province. Animals samples, a total of 80 aborted animal blood samples, 15 milk samples, 10 placental samples and 50 blood samples, these samples from normal animals as controls group, these samples collected from veterinary hospital in Thi - Qar province. The results of this study showed a high incidence of abortion occurs in first trimester of gestation (41.666%) and high incidence in rural regions (64.16%) and also age group from 21 to 30 years old (50%).The methods used for detection of Coxiella burnetii includes serology tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for confirmation serological test and isolation on embryonated chicken eggs and detection by PCR technique. Out of the 120 women serum samples analyzed by enzyme ELISA, the results of percentage of anti - Coxiella burnetii IgM and IgG in human samples were 36 (30 %). The percentage of anti - C. coxiella IgM in human samples were 10 (8.333%), while the percentage of anti - C. Coxiella burnetii IgG in human 26(%21.667%).. In animals total of (80) serum samples, the percentage of anti - C. coxiella IgM and IgG in animals' serum samples were 31(38.75%) The percentage of anti - Coxiella burnetii IgM in animals 10 (12.5%), while, the percentage of anti - C. coxiella IgG in animals are 21(26.25 %). PCR technique used for identification of Coxiella burnetii in human and animals samples by targeting three genes including outer membrane protein (com1 and com2), 16S rRNA and transposase insertion element (IS1111) genes. In human blood samples the com1 and com2 genes detected in 23of 120 (19.166%) samples and in breast milk samples 1 of 7 (14.28%). and not detected in placental samples. The 16S rRNA gene was detected in 16 of 120 blood samples (13.33%) and in breast milk samples and placental samples were not detected. The IS1111 gene was detected in 9 of 120 blood samples (7.5%) in human blood samples, also were not detected in milk and placental samples.. In animals blood samples the com1 and com2 genes were detected in 19 of 80 blood samples (23.75%) and were not detected in milk and placental samples. The 16S rRNA gene detected in the same percentage of com1 and com2 genes 19 of 80(23.75%) and in the milk samples and placental samples not detected. The IS1111 gene detected in 10 of 80 (12.5%) in animal blood samples, also were not detected in placental samples. An isolation of Coxiella burnetii which identified by ELISA and PCR via inoculated Coxiella burnetii buffy coat samples in embryonated chicken eggs from 6 to7 days old and then completed an incubated to 10 - 15 days, harvested yolk sac contains then detecting Coxiella burnetii by PCR. The results of PCR after inoculation of (43) samples were positive in PCR (100%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant different between ELISA test, PCR and isolation results in human and animals samples. These mean that we can use the ELISA in the primary diagnosis. The correlation coefficient was highly significantly between human and animal samples at 0.01%.

دراسة وراثية وبكتريولوجية على بكتريا تثبيت النيتروجين التكافلية Ensifer meliloti == Bacteriological And Genetic Study On Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Ensifer Meliloti

Author name: محمد زهير ناجي المرعب
Supervisor name: حسن فاضل ناجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: عزلت عشر عزلات من بكتريا Ensifer meliloti من العقد الجذرية لنبات الجت Medicago sativa L. بعد ان جمعت من مناطق مختلفة من محافظة بابل خلال المدة من شهر تشرين الثاني/2012 لغاية شهر شباط/2013. شخصت العزلات جزيئيا بتقنية تفاعل البلمرة السلسلي فضلا عن طرق ال | Ten isolates of Ensifer meliloti were isolated from root nodules of Medicago sativa L. collected from different areas of Babylon province during a period from November - 2012 to February - 2013. The isolates were molecular identified using polymerase chain reaction technique, in addition to traditional methods (morphological and biochemical). All isolates were harboured nodbox and mucR genes and produced cyclic ? - (1, 2) glucans, cellulose fibers and lipopolysaccharide.The ability of isolates to grow at different degrees of pH, temperatures and different concentrations of sodium chloride were tested. It was found that the optimum pH for growing of Em1, Em3, Em4, Em6 and Em8 isolates was pH7, while for the isolates Em2, Em5, Em7, Em9 and Em10 was pH8. The optimum temperature for growing of Em1, Em3, Em5, Em7, Em8 and Em9 isolates was 30?C, while the optimal growth of Em2, Em 4 and Em6 isolates was 35?C, Em10 isolate showed significantly extremism to grow at temperture reached to 45?C. The optimal percentages of NaCl for growing of Em1, Em3, Em4, Em5, Em6, Em8 and Em9 isolates were 2%, for Em7 isolate was 3% and for Em2 and Em10 isolates were 4%. The effect of different degrees of pH on symbiotic properties was studied. Em1 and Em8 isolates that grew at pH6.5 ; all isolates that grew at pH 7, pH 7.5 and pH 8 were able to infect the root hairs of alfalfa plants. The isolates that grew at pH6.5 (except Em1 and Em8 isolates) and all isolates that grew at pH8.5 were failed to infect the root hairs and did not formed nodules and resembled to the control plants (without inoculum).Different concentrations of NaCl on symbiosis was studied, it was found that all isolates that grew at 2% and Em2 and Em10 isolates that grew at 3% formed nodule, while Em1, Em3, Em4, Em5, Em6, Em7, Em8 and Em9 isolates that grew at 3% and all isolates that grew at 4%, 5% and 6% did not elicited nodules on the roots of alfalfa plant. Light microscopic observations of root hairs inoculated with Ensifer meliloti isolates showed the root hair deformations like curling, waviness, swelling and formation of shepherd`s crook and infection thread. These consequent changes lead to emerge the mature nodules having five distinct zones viz., distal meristematic, infection, inter, nitrogen - fixing and proximal senescence zones.The gel electrophoresis results of plasmid DNA of isolates showed that these isolates harboured two megaplasmids. When the isolates exposed to extreme factors like pH, temperture and NaCl, it was found that the isolates lost these plasmids and its ability to elicite the nodules and failed to fix the nitrogen. This study showed that the nitrogen fixing bacteria had essential role to support the plant growth and increase their productivity, and recommended to use the isolate Em10 as example for biofertilizers and the best alternative to the chemical fertilizers

دراسة انتشار الحيوانات الابتدائية الرئيسية المسببة للاسهال بين المرضى باستخدام الطرائق المجهرية والجزيئية في محافظة بابل == Prevalence Study For Main Protozoa Diarrheal Agents Among Patients By Using Microscopically And Molecular Methods In Babylon Province

Author name: ميس كاظم عليوي
Supervisor name: احمد خضير عبيس الحميري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية خلال المدة من تشرين الاول 2014 الى شهر شباط 2015 حيث تضمنت هذه الدراسة فحص 987 عينة براز (اطفال وبالغين, ذكورو اناث) بطريقة الفحص المجهري المباشر و96 عينة موجبة فحصت عن طريق تقنية تفاعل سلسلة متعدد البلمرة. للمرضى المصابين بالاسهال و| The current study during period was conducted from October 2014 till February 2015 examination of 987 stool samples for direct smear method (Lugol's Iodine, Normal Saline (0.9%) for detection of the following parasites G.lamblia, E.histolytica while using floatation methods and Ziehl - Neelsen method (Malachite green) for detecting the Cryptosporidium spp. by using light microscope) and 96 positive samples from these samples examined by polymerase chain reaction technique PCR. For patients infected with diarrhea (children and adults, male and female) who attended to Babylon maternity and children hospital and specialized Marjan Hospital for Internal and Cardiac Diseases in the Babylon province as well as primary health care and private clinics. The age ranges from(Less than one year - 31and more).The current study showed the rate of infection with parasites that causative of diarrhea47.3% (E.histolytica, G.lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp.) was 26.4%, 17.9% and 3.7%, respectively.They were examined by a direct smear method to detect the trophozoites, cyst and oocyst phases of these parasites. The highest rate of infection by microscopic examination was in the rural area 67.2% in comparing with city that was 32.9%. Also the highest rate of infection among males was 51.5% in comparing with females 41.2%. It has been recorded that the higher rate of infection was 76.1% in the age group (16 - 20) years while the lower infection rate was in the age group (26 - 30) years that was 22.8%. It has been observed significant differences in infection rates at the (P ? 0.05). The present study recorded difference in the rates of parasitic infections according to the presence of animals in houses, the high rates of infection where with those have animals in their houses 51.2% while the lowest rates of infection where with those not have animals in their houses 38.9%.It has been observed significant differences in infection rates at the (P ? 0.05). This study reveals a difference in parasitic infections rates, according to the level of education the head of household, and found that the highest rate of infection for those with the head of the family is non - educated or illiterate 48.3%, while the rate of infection was declined with head of the family who get primary education level 46.2%. It had recorded the highest infection rate in October 63.8%, while the lowest percentage was in February 27. 6%. It has been observed significant differences in infection rates at the (P ? 0.05). In the present study Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to 96 positive results in direct smear methods to detection the main parasitic diarrhea agent. It had recorded total of infection rate of 43.4% (31.3%, 28.1% and 2.1%, respectively). Depending on PCR technique showed the highest rates of infection was in the male 36.7% while the lowest rates of infection in females 30.6%. It had recorded the highest rate of infection in the rural areas 45.3% in comparing rate of infection in the urban areas 25.9%. The present study recorded the highest rates of infection were in the (16 - 20years) age group 46.2%, while the decline in the rates of infection was in the (21 - 25years) age group 16.7%. Also it showed the highest rates of infection were in the presence of animals in the houses 36.1% while the lowest rate of infection where there were no animals 31.4%.It has been observed significant differences in infection rates at the (P ? 0.05). The study found that the highest rates of infection for those with the head of the family is non - educated or illiterate 38.9%, while the rate of infection declined with head of the family who got Academic education level 33.3%. Also it had recorded the highest rate of infection in November (2014) 42.1%, while the lowest rates percentage was in December (2014) 23.1%. It has been observed significant differences in infection rates at the (P ? 0.05). Through the current study it was concluded that the prevalence of the parasites that cause diarrhea in the Babylon province are very highly when detection microscopic examination and PCR method, comparison with previous studies and rural area highest rates of infection from urban area.

التوصيف المظهري والجزيئي لبعض الفطريات الخيطيه والخمائر المعزولة من اخماج العين واختبار حساسيتها الدوائيه تجاه بعض المضادات الفطرية == Morphological And Molecular Identification of Some Filamentous Fungi And Yeast Isolated From Eye Infections And Theirs Susceptibilities Toward Some Antifungals

Author name: يسر فاضل عبد الامير الاسدي
Supervisor name: زيدان خليف عمران المعموري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تمت هذه الدراسة في مختبر التقنيات الاحيائية التابع لكلية علوم البنات / جامعة بابل للفترة من اكتوبر 2012 الى اكتوبر 2013، حيث تم جمع 165 عينة سريرية من المرضى المراجعين لاستشارية العيون في مستشفى الحسين العام ومن بعض العيادات التخصصية لاطباء العيون في محاف | The study was performed in Biotechnical Laboratory in Science collage for women, Babylon University from Oct.2012 to Oct.2013. 165 clinical samples were collected from patients with eyes infections were admitted to AL - Hussein main hospital in Karbala province and private clinics of eye physician, after diagnosis of eye infection by specialize physician the clinical samples collected by using swab from Cornea, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal sac, eye allergic, contact lenses and from pull water eye after surgery, the samples included different sex & age groups.All clinical samples culturing on SDA and PDA, Yeast was identified base on their color reactions on Chromo agar Other biochemical test were performed.Antifungal sensitivity was performed against 8 antifungal (Nystatin, Econazol, Amphotericine B, Flucosytosine, Miconazole Metronidazole, Griseofulvin, Ketoconazol, Most fungi showed variable degrees in their susceptibilities to the antifungal agents. In this study we diagnostic (57) isolate from filamentous fungal species, Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. showed highly frequent in ratio 20.1% and 9.6, In addition (37) yeast isolated, C.albicans and C.famata representative the highest frequent isolates.Molecular identification and genotyping, 8 isolates identified as C.albicans from 24 of selective Candida isolates were performed by specific pair primer (CABC) that give genotype with 515 base pair, genotype ITS1/ITS4 region show polymorphic PCR product help in diagnosis other (7) Candida species like C.famata, C.rugosa, C.glabrat, C.utili, C.saitoana, C.guilliermondii, C.inconpicua. The pair primer for amplified the transposable intron (CA - INT) was succeed in amplification of intron showed two genotypes : type A (450bp) and type B(850bp) and showed there was no C.dubliniensis isolates in our Candida isolate, This result was coincidence typing results between specific pair primer (CABC) and Microsatellite CAI for C.albicans.The amplified 18s region by using NS/EF3 and the result give genotype with molecular weight 1700bp.Also the study include using RFLP technique & the digested by using CfoI enzyme & the results for ITS PCR products of 24 isolates of Candida showed unique RFLP patterns.

الخصائص الفسيولوجية والجزيئية لــ Candida glabrata وCandida parapsilosis == Physiological And Molecular Characteristics Of Candida Glabrata And Candida Parapsilosis

Author name: ايناس كاظم عبد الامير الخزرجي
Supervisor name: زيدان خليف عمران المعموري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:

الخصائص الجزيئية لعزلات للفطرين Penicillium expansum وAspergillius terreus المعزولة من ثمار التفاح وقدرتها على انتاج سم الباتيولين == Molecular Characteristics of Isolates Penicillium expansum & Aspergillus terreus Isolated from the Apples and their Ability to Produce Patulin

Author name: خديجة حمزة كاظم
Supervisor name: ابتهال معز عبد المهدي الحسيني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

تقييم دور الحمض النووي الريبوزي الدقيق في بعض المعايير الجينية والفسلجية لدى مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني == Evaluation Of Micrornas Role In Genetics And Physiological Parameters In Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Author name: اسراء حرجان محسن
Supervisor name: حيدر كامل زيدان | علي حمود السعدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:

فعالية الطبقة السطحية كممنع ومساعد مناعي والمستخلصة من بكتريا Aeromonas hydrophila المعزولة من مرضى الاسهال في محافظة بابل == Immunogenic And Immunoadjuvant Activities For Surface Layer Extracted From Aeromonas Hydrophila Isolated From Patients With Diarrhea In Babylon Province

Author name: لبنى عادل جميل النوري
Supervisor name: فريال جميل عبد | وجدان رضا تاج الدين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:

ذكور الجرذان المستحث فيها السكري بمادة الالوكسان التاثير الخافض للسكر لمستخلص اوراق نبات الديباج على == Hypoglycemic Effect Of Calotropis Procera Leaves Extract On Alloxan Induced Diabetes Male Rats

Author name: شيماء عبد الجاسم عبد زيد الشكري
Supervisor name: علي حمود السعدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:

الاستهداف الجزيئي لفايروس جون كنينكهام P16 Proteins ،B CellLymphoma Proteins لمرى ورم القولون == Molecular Targeting Of John Cunningham Virus (JCV),P16 Proteins And Bcl -2 Proteins In Colorectal Tumors Tissues

Author name: زهراء علي عبد الله
Supervisor name: شاكر حماد محمد العلواني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:

التشخيص الجزيئي لبعض الخمائر المعزولة من بعض منتجات الالبان باعتماد تقنية البلمرة وتحليل تتابع الدنا == Molecular identification for some yeasts isolated from some dairy products based on PCR and DNA sequencing analysis

Author name: اية كريم جبار
Supervisor name: زيدان خليف عمران المعموري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

الخلايا التنظيمية T ، والعلاقة البكتيرية والوراثية مع امراض صمامات القلب == T- Regulatory Cells, Genetic And Bacterial Relationship With Valvular Heart Disease

Author name: سيناء جابر علوان الحسيني
Supervisor name: عبد النبي جويد المعموري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
1 ... 19 20 21 22 23 ... 37