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حماية الفولاذ الكاربوني المستعمل في افران معمل اسمنت الكوفة من التاكل == Protection of Carbon Steel used in Kufa Cement Plant Kilns from Corrosion

اسم المؤلف: علي كاظم هادي الشماع
اسم المشرف: سعد عزيز حسن حسوة
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتناول موضوع الرسالة دراسة تاكل الفولاذ الكربوني(ST37 - 2)في محلول حامض الكبريتيك ذوالتركيزين(5x10 - 3M,2.5x10 - 6M)ومحلول هيدروكسيدالصوديوم(3.5x10 - 6 M) في المدى الحراري التجريبي من(303الى333)كلفن وباستعمال جهاز المجهاد الساكن (potentiostat ) وبدا مسح الجهد لمدة 20 دقيقة بعد غمر الانموذج من الفولاذ الكربوني في محلول التاكل بدءامن - 300 ملي فولت ومتابعة التفاعل لحين بلوغ الجهد +300 ملي فولت مقابل قطب الكالوميل المشبع وكان معدل تغير جهد المجهاد الساكن مع الزمن يصل الى30ملي فولت لكل دقيقة واستعمل هذا المعدل لتسجيل كثافة التيار بصورة مستمرة مع تغير الجهد.ولقد تم ايجاد كثافات تيار التاكل, جهود التاكل وكذلك خطوط ميل تافل الكاثودية والانودية من منحنيات الاستقطاب في محاليل التاكل. واظهرت النتائج العملية الى انزياح جهود التاكل الى قيم اكثر سالبيه مع ارتفاع درجة الحرارة, كما وازدادت كثافات تيار التاكل عموما مع ارتفاع درجات الحرارة مشيرة الى زيادة سرعة التاكل مع زيادة درجة الحرارة .الاجزاء المستقيمة لخطوط تافل الكاثودية والانودية انزاحت دوما بصورة متوازية لبعضها البعض.حافظت خطوط تافل على خطيتها وبقي مقدار التغير في ميلها طفيفا في كل الدرجات الحرارية التجريبية وهذا دليل على عدم حصول تغيير في ميكانيكيات التفاعلات الكاثودية والانودية مع تغير درجة الحرارة, وامكن الاستدلال من قيم ميل خطوط تافل على ان تعادل ايونات الهيدروجين على المواقع الكاثودية وذوبان الفلز من المواقع الانودية هي الخطوات السائدة والمقررة لسرع التفاعلات التي حدثت على السطوح البينية لكل من الكاثود/ محلول والانود / المحلول . واستنتجت معلومات الدينمية الحرارية لعملية التاكل من قيم جهود التاكل اذﹾ بينت النتائج عموما امكانية حدوث تفاعلات التاكل ورافق تكوين نتاجات التاكل تغيرات في كل من انثالبي وانتروبي التاكل. كما بينت المعلومات الحركية على حدوث تاثير التعويض في تفاعل التاكل، وكما اشارت قيم كل من الطاقة الحرة والانتروبي لعملية التاكل في الاوساط المختلفة الى ان تفاعل التاكل يكون تلقائيا مصحوبا بزيادة في قيم الانتروبي ضمن الظروف التجريبية .اما قيم دوال الدينمية الحرارية لعملية تثبيط التاكل وباختلاف الصبغات المستعملة في الدراسة فكانت مختلفة اعتمادا على طبيعة المثبط اذ تراوحت قيم كل من انثالبي الامتزاز وانتروبي الامتزاز بين الموجبة والسالبة اما طاقة جبس الحرة لعملية الامتزاز فكانت موجبة لجميع المثبطات.اما بالنسبة لكفاءة التثبيط فكانت كمايلي : ا - صبغة الـ (Murexide) اظهرت اعلى كفاءة تثبيط في الوسط 2.5x10 - 6 M H2SO4 اذ تجاوزت .998%عند استعمال تركيز 5 ppmوضمن المدى الحراري التجريبي333 - 303 K . ب - صبغة الـ (Sudan III) اظهرت اعلى كفاءة تثبيط 99.6% في الوسط 2.5x10 - 6 M H2SO4 عند استعمال تركيز 150 ppm وبدرجة حرارة 313 K . ت - صبغة الـ (Carmine) اظهرت اعلى كفاءة تثبيط 99.4% في الوسط 2.5x10 - 6 M H2SO4 عند استعمال تركيز 25 ppm وبدرجة حرارة 333 K . ث - صبغة الـ (Leishman) اظهرت اعلى كفاءة تثبيط في الوسط 2.5x10 - 6 M H2SO4 عند استعمال تراكيز 50,25,5 ppm وبدرجة حرارة 333 K اذ بلغت 99.5%.وبصورة عامة امكن استنتاج اعلى كفاءة تثبيط للاصباغ الاربعة في محاليل التاكل وضمن المدى الحراري التجريبي وكمايلي : محلول 10 - 3 M H2SO4) x5Murexide ˃ Leishman ˃ Sudan III ˃ Carmine (محلول 10 - 6 M H2SO4) x2.5Leishman ˃ Sudan III ˃ Carmine ˃ Murexide (محلول 10 - 6 M NaOH) x3.5Leishman ˃ Sudan III ˃ Carmine ˃Murexide (تم استعمال مجهر الالكتروني المسحي في دراسة التركيب البلوري لعينة الفولاذ الكربوني (ST37 - 2) بعد تعرضه للتاكل بغياب اية صبغة وعند وجود تركيز 50 ppm من كل صبغة من الصبغات الاربعة قيد الدراسة وبدرجة حرارة40oC وفي محلول حامض الكبريتيك ذو التركيز 2.5x10 - 6M H2SO4 كانموذج للفحص المجهري ، وتبين من الدراسة المجهرية ان التاكل الذي يصيب الفولاذ الكربوني ST37 - 2 هو من النمط الذي يصيب الحبيبات البلورية الاوستنيتية والفريتية التي يشتمل عليها الفولاذ الكربوني، فضلا عن تاكل الفواصل البلورية | The subject of this thesis concerned with the investigation of the polarization behaviour of the carbon steel (ST37 - 2) specimen in (5x10 - 3 M H2SO4 ,2.5x10 - 6 M H2SO4 and 3.5x10 - 6 M NaOH ) solutions over the temperature range(303 - 333 K).The potential scan about 20 minute after the specimen immersion in the solutions beginning at - 300mV and proceed through to +300mV verses a saturated calomel electrode .Four dyes (Carmine , Murexide , Leishman and Sudan III ) dyes were used as corrosion inhibitors at concentrations ranging from (5to150 ppm).The corrosion current densities iCorr , corrosion potentials ECorr ,the cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes have been derived from the polarization curves of the carbon steel specimen in the studied solutions with and without dyes. An attempt was made to estimate on theoretical treatments the thermodynamics functions of corrosion of carbon steel (ST37 - 2). The kinetics of corrosion and inhibition of the carbon steel specimen have also been studied by measuring the corrosion rates in presence and absence of dyes (inhibitors) at several temperatures in the experimental temperature range. In general the results of the corrosion experiments showed a shift of the corrosion potentials towards more negative values with the rise of temperatures.The corrosion current densities generally increased with the rise of temperature reflecting the increasing rate of carbon steel (ST37 - 2) specimen corrosion with increasing temperature .The linear sections of the cathodic Tafel lines shifted almost to each other ,and a similar behaviour was found for the linear sections of the anodic Tafel lines .The Tafel lines maintained their linearity and slope at all experimental temperatures suggesting no alterations in the mechanisms of the cathodic and anodic reactions with the variation of temperature .The values of the Tafel slopes suggested that the proton discharge at the cathode and the metal dissolution at the anode were the prevailing rate determining - steps of the reactions which occurred at the cathode /solution and anode / solution interfaces .The measured corrosion potentials and current densities enabled a thorough investigation of the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the carbon steel (ST37 - 2) corrosion in the studied solutions. Thermodynamics of carbon steel (ST37 - 2) specimen corrosion have been deduced from their corrosion potentials and the resulting data showed the generally the feasibility of the corrosion reactions and that the formation of the corrosion products was accompanied by the variation of the enthalpy values between negative and positive values and increase of the entropy values of corrosion with variation of temperature . The kinetic data showed the operation of a compensation effect in the corrosion reaction of carbon steel(ST37 - 2) . Also thermodynamics of the dyes adsorption process (inhibition process) in different temperatures were calculated ,the resulting data shows the values of enthalpy and entropy of adsorption ranged between positive and negative values while the values of Gibbs free energy of the adsorption process were positive for all dyes. As for the inhibition efficiency was found as follows : A. Murexide dye was acted as good inhibitor in 2.5 x10 - 6 M H2SO4 and showed the highest inhibition efficiency reach to 99.8% when using concentration of 5 ppm of dye and within the temperature range 333 - 303 K. B. Sudan III dye showed the highest inhibition reach to 99. 6% in 2.5 x10 - 6 M H2SO4 concentration when 150 ppm of dye used and at temperature of 313 K. C. Carmine dye showed the highest inhibition efficiency reach to 99.4%in2.5x10 - 6MH2SO4when using 25 ppm of dye and at temperature of 333 K. D. Leishman dye showed the highest inhibition efficiency in 2.5 x10 - 6MH2SO4at dye concentrations of 50,25,5 ppm and at temperature of 333 K . In general the tendencies of the four dyes for corrosion efficiency followed the orders : 5x10 - 3 M H2SO4 ) Murexide ˃ Leishman ˃ Sudan III ˃ Carmine ( 2.5x10 - 6 M H2SO4) Leishman ˃ Sudan III ˃ Carmine ˃ Murexide (Leishman ˃ Sudan III ˃ Carmine ˃Murexide ( 3.5x 10 - 6 M NaOH) Electronic scanning microscopy was used to study the Crystal structure of a carbon steel(ST37 - 2)specimen after being subjected to corrosion in the absence of dye and presence in a concentration of 50ppm of each dye and at temperature of 40oC and in a solution of sulfuric acid with a concentration of 2.5 x10 - 6 M H2SO4 as a sample for microscopic examination, the microscopic study found that corrosion of carbon steel (ST37 - 2)is of the style of the Austenitic and ferritic Crystal grains as well as crystal boundary corrosion

تحضير بعض المشتقات الحلقية غير المتجانسة الجديدة وبعض متراكباتها مع PVC ودراسة سلوكها الضوئي المحفز == Synthesis of some New Heterocyclic Derivatives and some of their composites with PVC and Study their PhotoCatalytic Behaviour

اسم المؤلف: نور عبد الرزاق عبد اللطيف
اسم المشرف: سعدون عبد الله عودة | عباس جاسم عطيه
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة جزئين, الجزء الاول هو تحضيرمركبات عضوية والجزء الثاني هو تحضير مواد متراكبه عضوية - فيزياويةفي مجال التحضير العضوي تم تحضير مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة جديدة باستخدام بارا امينو حامض البنزويك و2 - نفثول كمواد اولية للحصول على الجزيئات الوسطية والجزيئات النهائية المطلوبة، وفقا لمسارات التفاعلات السبعه المذكورة في ادناه. تم تشخيص المركبات المحضرة باستخدام تقنيات الرنين المغناطيسي الهيدروجيني والكاربون 13 وتحليل العناصر والاشعة السينية والاشعة فوق البنفسجية والفلورة والاشعة تحت الحمراء.المسار الاول : تم تحضير مركب الازو [N1] من تفاعل 2 - نفثول وباراامينو حامض البنزويك عند (0 - 5) سيليزي، تفاعل [N1] مع الايثانول المطلق في وجود حامض الكبريتيك المركز ينتج المركب [N2] الذي منه تم تحضير مشتق ثايوسيميكاربازيد [N3].تم غلق المركب 1،3،4 - ترايازول ثايول من مركب [N3] بعد ذلك تم مفاعلته مع هاليدات الكيل مختلفة ]يوديد المثيل, كلوريد الاليل, كلوريد البنزايل[ لانتاج المركبات [N5 - N7].المسار الثاني : استخدم المركب [N4] في هذا المسار كمادة اوليه حيث تمت مفاعلته مع ادوية امينية مختلفة [سيبروفلوكساسين، باراسيتيمول، بسيوفدرين، الثيوفيلين، كلوروديزيبوكسيد وسولفاديازين] لينتج المركبات [N14 - N8].المسار الثالث : في هذا المسارتم مفاعلة المركب [N1] مع ثيوسيميكاربازيد في وجود فوسفوروس اوكسي كلوريد لاعطاء المركب [N15] والذي تمت مفاعلته مع مشتقات الانلين المختلفة لانتاج المركبات [N20 - N15].المسار الرابع : مركبات الالديهايد الاروماتية [N، N - داي ميثيل امين، م - هيدروكسي بنزيلديهايد، 9 - انثرالدهايد، باراكلورو بنزيلديهايد، بنزيلدهايد وتيريفثالدهايد] فوعلت مع 1،3،4 - ثياديازول امين [N15] في الايثانول المطلق لتعطي مركبات شيف [N21 - N26 ].المسار الخامس : تم مفاعلة المركب [N15] مع ثلاثي ايثيل امين وبروميد البروبرجايل في الايثانول المطلق لينتج المركب [N27] الذي تمت مفاعلته مع مختلف الادوية الامينية [سيبروفلوكساسين، باراسيتيمول، بسيوفدرين، الثيوفيلين، كلوروديزيبوكسيد وسولفاديازين] حيث انتجت مركبات [N33 - N28].المسار السادس : في هذا المسار تم مفاعلة المركب الاستر N2] ] مع هيدريت الهيدرازين ليعطى المركب [N34] والذي تم غلقه لاعطاء مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة خماسية وسداسية الحلقة [N35 - N37] عن طريق التفاعل مع الاسيتايل اسيتون, انهيدريد الماليك وانهيدريد الفثاليك، على التوالي.المسار السابع : في هذا المسار تم تحضير بوليمرات محورة متماثلة [N38, 39] من خلال تفاعل (1،2،4 - ترايازول [N4]، 1،3،4 - ثياديازول [N15]) مع بولي كلوريد الفينيل في وجود البيريدين ورباعي هايدروفوران.وايضا تم تحضير البوليمر المحور غير المتماثل [N40] نتج من تفاعل جزيئتين من هذه المركبات (1،2،4 - تريازول [N4]، 1،2،4 - ثياديازول [[N15) مع بولي كلوريد الفينيل بوجود البيريدين ورباعي هايدروفيوران.اما في مجال تحضير المواد المتراكبه الفيزياوية والعضوية يتضمن مايلي : عمل تحوير لسطح اوكسيد الزنك بتطعيمه بالبوليمر المحور [N39] ثم دراسة فعاليتة الامتزازيه وفعالية التحفيز الضوئي له من خلال امتزاز وتكسير الصبغة بسمارك براون جي BBG من المحلول المائي لها على سطح اوكسيد الزنك المجرد وسطح الماده المتراكبه بدرجات حرارية 293و 298و 303 و308 كلفن . حيث كانت الدرجة الحرارية 293 كلفن هي الافضل في كلا الفعاليتين. تم دراسة التكسير الضوئي للمركب [N38] لمدة ستة ساعات بدرجات حرارية (308,303,298) سيليزي. حيث تم دراسة وقياس اللزوجة والوزن الجزيئي والثباتية لهذه المركبات. ووجد ان عملية التكسير الضوئي تزداد مع زيادة زمن التشعيع مع ارتفاع درجة حرارة التفاعل.ايضا تمت دراسة البلمرة الضوئية للمركب [N4] بوجود اوكسيد الزنك وبدرجات حرارية 298,293 ,303كلفن حيث تم الحصول على البولمر المترابط على السطح في هذه العمليه اما البولمر المستخلص فلم يتم الحصول عليه بهذه الطريقه ربما بسبب قوة الترابط بين سطح الاوكسيد والسلاسل البولمريه المتكونه في هذه العمليه علما ان النوع الاول من البولمر هو المهم لانه يعتبر طريقه لتحضير المواد المتراكبه ذات التطبيقات المهمه | This study involves two parts; first part are organic compounds synthesis and the second part are preparation of composites (physical organic) materials. The organic synthesis part, involves synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds using P - amino benzoic acid and 2 - naphthol as starting materials to produce the intermediates molecules and target molecules. This would involve seven routes as they are presented below. The synthesized organic and inorganic materials were characterized using different technique : 1H - NMR, 13C - NMR, CHNS, X - rays diffraction , UV - Visible spectroscopy, UV - Visible fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. First Route : The azo compound [N1] was synthesized from reaction of 2 - Naphthol and p - amino benzoic acid at (0 - 5) ºC, [N1] reacted with absolute ethanol in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to give [N2] that afforded compound thiosemicarbazide derivative [N3] . Cyclized triazole thiol was prepared from compound [N3] then reacted with different alkyl halides [methyl iodide, allyl chloride, and benzyl chloride] to give compounds [N5 - N7].Second Route : 1 - ((4 - (5 - mercapto - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol [N4] was react with dibromo ethane to synthesis compound [N8]. Also compound [N4] was reacted with different amino drugs [ciprofloxacine, paracetemole, pseuphedrine, theophylline, chlorodizepoxide and sulphadiazine] afforded compounds [N9 - N14].Third Route : Compound [N1] was reacted with thiosemicarbazide in presence phosphorous oxychloride to give 1 - ((4 - (5 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol [N15] which reacted with different aromatic amines to yield compounds [N16 - N20].Fourth Route : Aromatic aldehyde compounds [N,N - dimethyl amine aldehyde, m - hydroxy benzyldehyde, 9 - Anthraldehyde, p - chlorobenzyldehyde, benzyldehyde and terephthaldehyde] reacted with 1,3,4 - thiadiazole amine [N15] in absolute ethanol afforded Schiff - base compounds [N21 - N26].Fifth Route : Compound [N15] reacted with triethylamine and proprgyl bromide in absolute ethanol to yield 1 - ((4 - (5 - (prop - 2 - yn - 1 - ylthio) - 1,3,4 - oxadiazol - 2 - yl)phenyl) diazenyl) naphthalen - 2 - ol [N27] which reacted with different amino drugs [ciprofloxacine, paracetemole, pseuphedrine, theophylline, chlorodizepoxide and sulphadiazine] afforded compounds [N28 - N33].Sixth Route : 4 - ((2 - Hydroxynaphthalen - 1 - yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazide [N34] was cyclized to give five and six membered ring heterocyclic compounds [N35 - N37] by reaction with acetyl acetone, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride, respectively. Seventh Route : In this route modified homo polymers [N38, N39] were synthesized by reaction of (1,2,4 - triazole [N4], 1,2,4 - thiadiazole [N15],) with polyvinylchloride in the presence of pyridine and tetrahydrofuran (THF). And Modified co - polymers [N40] yield from reaction two molecules from these compounds (1,2,4 - triazole [N4], 1,2,4 - thiadiazole [N15]) with polyvinylchloride in the presences of pyridine and tetrahydrofuran. Physical Organic (composites) route involves : This route involves modifying zinc oxide surface by grafting with 1 - ((4 - (5 - mercapto - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol - PVC [N39]. The activity of the produced composites was investigated by adsorption of Bismarck Brown G (BBG) at 293, 298, 303 and , 308 K. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared composite was investigated by following removal of BBG dye via photocatalytic degradation of over the surface at 293, 298, 303, and 308 K. From obtained results, it was found that, the best result for both adsorption and photocatalytic dye removal over the surface was noted at 293 K. Studying the photodegradation of 1 - ((4 - (5 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)phenyl) diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol - PVC polymer [N38] for six hours under irradiation with UV light at 298, 303, and 308 K . Change in molecular weight of these materials were investigated from viscosity measurements and from these measurements their relative stability was investigated. Also, this part involves investigating the photocatalytic polymerization of 1 - ((4 - (5 - mercapto - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)phenyl) diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol) [N4] over zinc oxide at 293, 298,and 308 K. This process yields both grafted and extracted polymer and the first type produces composites materials

التخليق الاخضر لدقائق النحاس والفضة متناهية الصغر باستخدام مستخلصات الكزبرة ودراسة الخصائص الكيموحيوية == Green Synthesis of Copper and Silver Nanoparticles using Coriandrum sativum L. Extracts and Studying their Biochemical properties

اسم المؤلف: بشائر حسن شاكر الكناني
اسم المشرف: لمياء عبد المجيد المشهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث دراسة المكونات الفعالة في المستخلصات الكحولية (70%) والمائية (الباردة والحارة) للبذور الكزبره التي جمعت من الاسواق المحلية في مدينة الحلة وكان تقنية التخليق الاخضر للجسيمات النانوية للنحاس والفضة فعالة وصديق للبيئه. في الدراسة الحالية تم استخدام بذور الكزبرة Coriandrum sativum L. لتخليق جسيمات النحاس النانويه (CuNPs) والجسيمات الفضة النانوية (AgNPs) التي تم تحضيرها من خلال استخدام محلول مائي من CuSO4 . 5H2O (2mM) واستخدام محلول مائي من AgNO3 مع مستخلصات البذور (المائية والكحولية ٪70) من بذور نبات الكزبره Coriandrum sativum L.التي تعتبر عامل مختزل طبيعي ومستقروقد استدل على تحضير الدقائق النانوية بشكل اولي من تغيير اللون في التفاعل. شخصت الجسيمات النانوية باستخدام مطيافية الاشعة فوق البنفسجية بمدى nm (400 - 500) ، حيود الاشعة السينية XRDو المجهر الالكتروني الماسح SEM . تم دراسة الظروف المثلى جسيمات النحاس النانوية , فقد اجريت العديد من التجارب للوصول للضروف الفضلى للتحضير في ظروف مختلفة حيث كانت تركيز ايون النحاس mM 2 ودرجة الحموضة (9.8) درجة الحرارة (70 oC)، ووقت التفاعل ( 30دقيقة)، وزن بذور الكزبره (15غم)في 50 مل من الماء منزوع الايونات وتحديد نسبة مستخلص االكزبرة الى كبريتات النحاس خماسيه الماء (1 : 3و4 : 1) اما الظروف المثلى لتخليق الجسيمات الفضة النانوية، اجريت التجارب في ظروف مختلفة هي تركيز ايون الفضة mM 1 ودرجة الحموضة (8)، ودرجة الحرارة (C 600)، ووقت التفاعل ( 25دقيقة)، وزن بذور الكزبره (15غم) للمستخلص الايثانولي و5 غم للمستخلص المائي وال15 غم للمستخلص الحار والبارد في 50مل من الماء منزوع الايونات وتحديد نسبة المستخلص الى نترات الفضة (1 : 1) وقد تم ملاحظة افضل جسيم نانوي من خلال المعلومات المستنتجة من قبل طيف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية المرئي الطيفي بين مختلف الجسيمات النانوية بتحديد الظروف المثلى . تم دراسة فعالية الكبح للمستخلصات وجسيمات النحاس والفضة النانوية باستخدام حامض الاسكوربيك كمركب قياسي. وتبين النتائج ان المستخلص الكحولي يعطي نسبة عالية من الكبح مقارنة مع المستخلصات المائية لانه اختزال عدد الجزيئات الـ DPPH يرتبط مع عدد مجموعات الهيدروكسيل الموجودة . تم دراسه فعاليه كبح جذور الهيدروكسيل والبروكسيد ومضادات الاكسده والفعاليه البايلوجية للبكتريا والفطريات للمستخلصات النباتية والجسمات النانوية ووجد ان المستخلص الايثانولي يعطي افضل نتيجة اما دقائق الفضة النانوية المحظرة من المستخلص االبارد تعطي افضل نتيجة ودقائق النحاس المحظرة من المستخلص البارد تعمل على كبح الجذور الحره بشكل افضل مقارنة بدقائق النحاس النانوية المحظرة الاخرى . كذلك تم دراسة النشاط المضاد للبكتيريا والفطريات للمستخلص الكحولي والمستخلصات المائية والجسيمات النانوية المحظرة من المستخلصات باستخدام اربعة انواع من البكتيريا المختلفة التي هي موجبة لصبغة كرام : Staphylococcus and المعزوله من عنق الرحم Streptococcus وسالبة لصبغة كرام : Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas باستخدام طريقة الانتشار بالطبق. اما نوع الفطرية هو المبيضات candida المعزوله من اقدام الرياضيين | In present study, the seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. were used for synthesing of copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) that's formed by using an aqueous solution of CuSO4•5H2O (2mM) for CuNPs and using an aqueous solution of(1mM) AgNO3for AgNPs with the seed extracts (aqueous and ethanolic 70%) of Coriandrum s. as reducing and stabilizing agents, and the change of color solution assures the formation of copper and silver nanoparticles. UV - Visible scanning revealed qualitative formation of CuNPs and AgNPs characteristic absorption peak in the range of 400 - 500 nm. The optimum condition for new nanoparticles of copper and silver synthesis was studied To study the optimum factors for copper nanoparticles synthesis, the experiments were carried out in different conditions are copper ion concentration (0.5 ,1 ,2 and 2.5 m M), pH (9.8) temperature (70°C), time of rection (30 min), C. Sativum concentration (15g) in 50 mL deionized water and the C. Sativum extract to copper sulfate pentahydrate water ratio (1 : 4) and (1 : 3). To study the optimum considerations for silver nanoparticles synthesis, the experiments were carried out in different conditions are silver ion concentration (1 m M), pH (7), temperature (60°C), time of reaction (25 min), C. Sativum concentration (5g and15g) in 50 mL deionized water and the ratio of seed C. Sativum extract to silver nitrate ratio (1 : 1). The study of these parameters was observed by UV - Visible spectrophotometer and compare between different nanoparticles to investigate the best one on preparing optimum conditions. Determining some antioxidant parameters such as total antioxidant, Free radical scavenging activity, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity, anti - bacterial activity and antifungal show the ethanolic extract and CuNPs for cold extract and AgNPs for cold extract is better than other sample. Evaluating the anti - bacterial activity and antifungal of copper and silver nanoparticles extracts on some types of gram positive bacterial strains : Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus and gram negative : Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas auroginosa, the Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas insolated from the cervix high vaginal swabs. Type of fungal is candida the type of fungi candida which insolated from the feet of sportsmen

الدور الوقائي والعلاجي لفيتاميني C وE على الاجهاد التاكسدي المستحث بواسطة الصبغتين الغذائيتين E102و E122 في ذكور الجرذان == Prophylactic and Protective roles of Vitamin C and E on Oxidative Stress Induced by Food Additives E102 and E122 in Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: علي نوري فجر المحنة
اسم المشرف: لمياء عبد المجيد المشهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت هذا الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير صبغتي الكارمويسين (E122) والتترازين (E102) على بعض المعايير الفسلجية لذكور الجرذان والمتضمنة قياس مستوى فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة (SOD وGST وGPx) والحالة التاكسدية (MDA وNO وT - AOC) وانزيمات الكبد (AST وALT وALP) وتراكيز اليوريا Urea والكرياتينين Creatinine ومستويات الكوليسترول Cholesterol والدهون الثلاثية Triglycerides والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة HDL - c وواطئة الكثافة LDL - c فضلا عن قياس التعبير الجيني لانزيم GSTmu, كما تضمنت الدراسة الجانب النسجي لمقاطع الكبد والكلى والمعدة والامعاء للحيوانات المذكورة بهدف التحقق من الدور الايجابي المحتمل لفيتاميني C وE في التقليل من التاثيرات السلبية للصبغات المذكوره اعلاه.نفذت الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع لقسم علوم الحياة/ كلية التربية/ جامعة القادسية ضمن المدة (1/ 11/ 2015) وحتى (1/ 3/ 2016)؛ اذ اشتملت على تجربتين الاولى منها ضمت 66 ذكرا من الفئران البيض الناضجة جنسيا وباوزان تراوحت بين (25 - 30) غم واستعملت بغرض تحديد الجرعة المميتة لنصف عدد الحيوانات (LD50). اما التجربة الثانية فضمت 78 ذكرا من الجرذان البيض البالغة جنسيا وباوزان تراوحت بين (225 - 230) غم ومقسمة عشوائيا الى ثمانية مجاميع بحسب كل صبغة (E122 بتركيز 250 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم وE102 بتركيز 500 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم) فضلا عن فيتامين C بتركيز 50 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم وفيتامين E بتركيز 15 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم, وتم تجريعها عن طريق الفم وكالاتي : • مجموعة السيطرة (C) ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بماء الشرب الاعتيادي لمدة شهرين.• مجموعة المعاملة الاولى (G1) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين.• مجموعة المعاملة الثانية (G2) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين.• مجموعة المعاملة (G3E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E122 وG3E102 ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين. • مجموعة المعاملة (G4E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E122 وG4E102 ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين اخرين. • مجموعة المعاملة (G5E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E122 وG5E102)) ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين اخرين.• مجموعة المعاملة (G6E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E122 ومن ثم بفيتامين E و((G6E102 ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين اخرين. • مجموعة المعاملة (G7E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E122 ومن ثم بفيتامين C و(G7E102) ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين اخرين. بعد نهاية الفترة المحددة لمعاملة الحيوانات بالتراكيز المختلفة للصبغات والفيتامينات تم وزن الحيوانات ومن ثم تخدريها بمادة الكلوروفورم وسحب الدم منها مباشرة من القلب فضلا عن عزل مصل الدم لاجراء الفحوصات المذكورة اعلاه, بعد ذلك شرحت الحيوانات لغرض تحضير المقاطع النسجية منها, واظهرت النتائج حصول ما يلي : 1 - انخفاض معنوي في مستوى فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة (SOD وGST وGPx) والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع باقي المجاميع الاخرى.2 - ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى فعالية انزيمات الكبد (AST وALT وALP) ومؤشرات وظائف الكلى (اليوريا والكرياتينين) والكوليسترول والدهون الثلاثية والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع باقي المجاميع الاخرى.3 - ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة (SOD وGST وGPx) والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة وانزيمات الكبد (AST وALT وALP) ومؤشرات وظائف الكلى (اليوريا والكرياتينين) والكوليسترول والدهون الثلاثية والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة في المجموعتين (G6 وG7) مقارنة بالمجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5), في حين لم تظهر فروق واضحة عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة (C).4 - انخفاض معنوي في التعبير الجيني لانزيم GSTmu في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع المجموعتين (G6 وG7) التي اعطت ارتفاعا معنويا في التعبير الجيني للانزيم والتي بدورها لم تختلف معنويا مع مجموعة السيطرة (C).5 - تغيرات نسجية مرضية شملت موت وتنخر ونزف في المقاطع الماخوذة من الكبد والكلية والمعدة والامعاء في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع باقي المجاميع الاخرى التي لم تظهر اختلافات نسجية واضحة فيما بينها. | The current study was designed to determine the effect of carmoisine (122) and tartrazine (102) dyes on some physiological criteria for white rats male and included measuring the level of effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST and GPx), phosphorylation status (MDA, NO and T - AOC), liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), the concentrations of urea, creatinine and the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL); as well as a measure of gene expression for GSTmu enzyme. Also the study included histology to liver, kidneys, stomach and intestines of mentioned animals in order to verify the potentially positive role of vitamins C and E in reducing from the negative effects to above mentioned dyes.The present study was conducted in the animal house of the department of biology/ College of Education/ University of Al - Qadisiyah within the period (1/11/2015) till (30/3/2016); it included on two experiments; the first experiment which included 66 male of sexually mature white mice with weights between (25 - 30) g and is used in order to determine lethal dose of half the number of animals (LD50). The second experiment included 78 male of sexually mature white rats with weights between (225 - 230) g and divided randomly into eight groups according each dye (E122 a concentration of 250 mg/ kg of body weight and E102 a concentration of 500 mg/ kg of body weight) as well about of vitamin C with concentration of 50 mg/ kg of body weight, vitamin E with concentration of 15 mg/ kg of body weight, as follows : • Control group (C) included 6 animals with doses by ordinary drinking water for six weeks.• First treatment group (G1) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin C for two months.• Second treatment group (G2) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin E for two months.• treatment group (G3E122) : 6 animals included with doses by E122 and G3E102 6 animals included with doses by E102 dye for two months.• treatment group (G4E122) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin C for two months and then E122 dye for a two months. and G4E102 animals included with doses by vitamin C for two months and then E102 dye for a two months.• treatment group (G5E122) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin E for two months and then E122 dye for a two months. and G5E102 animals included with doses by vitamin E for two months and then E102 dye for a two months.• treatment group (G6E122) : 6 animals included with doses by E122 dye for two months and then vitamin E for two months and G6E102 6 animals included with doses by E102 dye for two months and then vitamin E for two months• treatment group (G7) : 6 animals included with doses by E122 dye for two months and then vitamin C for two months and G6E102 6 animals included with doses by E102 dye for two months and then vitamin C for two monthsAfter the end of the period specified for the treatment of animals by different concentrations of the dyes and vitamins taking the weight of animals and then were Anesthetization and blood draw directly from the heart as well as the blood serum were isolation to conduct the all tests listed above, then the animals were anatomy to purpose of the histological sections preparation, and the results showed the following : 1 - A significant decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes effectiveness (SOD, GST and GPx) and HDL in groups (G3, G4 and G5) compared with the other groups.2 - A significant increase in the level of liver enzymes effectiveness (AST, ALT and ALP) and indicators of kidney function (urea and creatinine), cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in groups (G3, G4 and G5) compared with the other groups.3 - A significant increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes effectiveness (SOD, GST and GPx), HDL, liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), indicators of kidney function (urea and creatinine), cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in two groups (G6 and G7) compared with groups (G3, G4 and G5), while did not appear significant differences when compared with the control group (C).4 - A significant decrease of gene expression to GSTmu enzyme in groups (G3, G4 and G5), compared with two groups (G6 and G7), which gave increased significantly in the gene expression of the enzyme, which in turn were not significantly different with the control group (C).5 - Histo - pathological changes were included degeneration, necrosis and hemorrhage in the sections were taken from the liver, kidney, stomach and intestines in groups (G3 and G4 and G5) compared with the other groups that are did not appear histological differences among them.

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاندي ازو غير متجانسي الحلقة ومعقداتها مع بعض الايونات الفلزية == Preparation and Characterization of Heterocyclic Azo Ligands and Their Complexes with Some Metal Ions

اسم المؤلف: ايفان مالك شاكر الطالقاني
اسم المشرف: حسين عبد محمد | سعد مدلول مهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The work covered the preparation of two new azo ligands, prepared the ligands (CAAP) and (TAAP) by coupling with the diazonium salt of the compound (4 - amino antipyrine) in 5% basic media.The prepared ligends were identified through techniques (FTIR, elementary analysis, UV - Visible and mass spectra).Conducted spectral study of a wide solvents three of the ions transition metals (Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II)) where he was appointed the optimal conditions for concentration (that obey beers - lambert law) and pH values enhanced ranged acidic functions of these solutions (7 - 9.5), And has benefit from that study for the purpose of spectral appoint molar ratios of the complexes to be prepared and the molar ratio was (1 : 2) for all the complexes prepared and both ligand two ways molar ratios and continuous variations.The preparation of complexes of new azo ligand was sure to complete the preparation by FTIR spectroscopy , elementary analysis and atomic absorption. Electrical molar conductivity results showed that the complex ionic (1 : 1) and using three solvents (DMF, DMSO, EtOH).Magnetic susceptibility data agreed with the present of (three odd electrons for cobalt(II) complexes, two odd electron for nickel(II) complexes & odd electron for copper(II) complexes)According to the results of the study combined could suggest the octahedral geometric and the presence of one coordination water molecule coordination sphere inside.

تحضير وتشخيص وتقييم الفعالية البايولوجية لبعض مركبات الفورمازان المشتقة من قواعد شف ومركبات الازو الجديدة ومعقداتها مع الكادميوم الثنائي II == Synthesis , Charactrization and Evaluation Biological Activity of some New Formazan Compounds Derived from Schiff Bases and Azo Compounds and Their Complexes With Cadmium(II)

اسم المؤلف: محمد عبد الحسن شلال
اسم المشرف: حيدر عباس مهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The letter includes the preparation of twenty new derivatives of Formazan compounds that include Schiff bases associated with AZO compounds.The spectrum of spectroscopy (FT.IR) for all compounds, the NMR spectrum, the NMR spectrum of NMR and the CHIS for all compounds and the identification of some of their physical properties such as grade (TPC), and then to prepare four complexes (two of them for morphine and two forformas) as complexes with cadmium ion, to determine optimal conditions for complex formation and then to measure the molecular conductivity of the complex as well as the electronic measurements Wa For magnetic sensitivity. And then studying of biological activity. For some of these vehicles the research has included two main parts : section One : I attended and identified a group of derivatives (Schiff bases) and then were linked through the interaction of the nuts under certain conditions for the preparation of new Formazan compounds containing (Schiff bases - AZO compounds) on the same compound and then attended four complexes of two Schiff bases and two of the Lycandat Formazan The new vehicles have been identified above Section Two : This part of the work was studied by studying the vital effectiveness of some compounds. Schiff bases and Formazan compounds were selected to determine the effect of the active groups of the compound on inhibiting the biological activity of the microorganisms studied in this thesis

تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات قواعد شف والفورمازانات ومعقداتهما واستخدامهما في استخلاص ايون Cr+6 بطريقة استخلاص نقطة الغيمة == Preparation and Characterization of some Schiff base and formazans derivatives and their Complexes and using them in the Extraction of (Cr+6) Ion By Mothed Cloud - Point Extraction

اسم المؤلف: بتول مهدي صالح
اسم المشرف: ساهر عبد الرضا علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study includes the preparation of ten ligands and it′s complexs : Ligand L4 (N - (4 - ((2 - (phenylcarbamothioyl)hydrazono)methyl)phenyl) acetamide) was prepared by the condensation of (4 - acetamido benzaldehyde) with (4 - phenylthiosemi carbazide). Ligand L5 (1, 3 - bis (2 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxy - (E) - benzylideneamino) eurea) was prepared by the condensation of (o - vanillin) with (carbohydrazide). Formazan F1 (1 - benzoyl - 3 - (2 - hydroxyphenyl) - 5 - phenylformazan) is prepared from coupling the diazonium salt with (L1) proportions Molar (1 : 1). Formazan F2 (3 - (2 - hydroxyphenyl) - 1 - nicotinyl - 5 - phenyl formazan) was prepared by coupling the diazonium salt with (L2) proportions Molar (1 : 1).Complexes were prepared for (L3), (F1) and (F2) by interaction with the salts of the elements NiCl2.6H2O, CoCl2.6H2O, CdCl2.6H2O, CrCl3.6H2O. The ligands and it′s complexes were characterized by using Elemental Analysis (C.H.N) Infrared Spectroscopy(FT - IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H - NMR) , Mass Spectra and Molar Electrical Conductivity and the results were identical to what is expected scientifically. The spatial shape of the complexes prepared is (octahedral). (ligand L1 and formazan F1) on distribution ratio values and percentage of extraction, where results showed that percentage values and distribution ratio in this way increase with increasing concentration of (L1 and F1) where he found that the best distribution ratio (D) and percentage (% E) to extract ion(Cr+6) when concentration (L1 & F1) is (5 * 10 - 4 M).

تحضير , تشخيص ودراسة بيولوجية لمشتقات جديدة من 4,3,1 - ثايادايازول ومعقداتها مع بعض ايونات العناصر الانتقالية == Preparation , Characterization and biological study of new derivatives of 1,3 , 4 - Thiadiazole and their complexes with some transitional element ions

اسم المؤلف: نعيم عبد السادة بشير الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم عبود فليفل
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study involves preparation of three new ligands derived from the thiadiazole (2,5 - dihydrazineyl - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol) with 1H - indole - 2,3 - dione (Isatin) by the ratio (1 : 2). the ligands L1 and L2 were synthesized from the reaction between thiadiazole derivative with (Benzophenone) by the ratio (1 : 2). The ligand L3 was prepared from thiadiazole derivative and (3 - aminoacetophenone) by the ratio (1 : 2), the following are the structural formulas of the prepared ligands : Prepared the complexes of the transitional elements ions [Cr+3, Fe+3, Co+2, Ni+2 and Cu+2] with ligands (L1, L2 and L3), where the ligands and their complexes characterization by precision analysis of elements (C.H.N.), Infrared spectrum (FT - IR), proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H - NMR), Mass spectrometry, measurement magnetic sensitivity and measurement molarconductivity the results were practical exactly matching with the molecular and structural formulas of the proposed compounds. Hyperchem was used to draw ligands and their complexes and to show the distribution of electronic density. The data indicates that the configuration of the complexes {[CrL1Cl3], [FeL1 3] , [CoL1 3]}, {[CrL2 3], [FeL2 3] ,[CoL2Cl3]} {[Cr(L3)2Cl ]Cl, 3)2Cl2] and [Co(L )2Cl2]Cl} are octahedral , while the proposed configuration of the complexes {[NiL Cl2], 1Cl2]}, [NiL2Cl2] [CuL2Cl ]} ,{[NiL Cl2] and [CuL3Cl2 are square planer. A study was conducted testing the biological activity for the prepared ligands and their complexes against two types of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) and (Escherichia coli) compared to the standard inhibitor (Ciprofloxacin), the obtained results confirmed the biological effectiveness of prepared preparations except for the third ligand higher than standard inhibitor (Cipro) towards the bacteria (Escherichia coli), the following complexes also showed (A5, C5, C4, C3 and C1) biological effectiveness towards the bacteria (Escherichia coli) higher than standard inhibitor (Cipro), while the rest complexes showed less effectiveness than the standard inhibitor (Cipro) ) 4and A 3, A2(A ) except the complexesEscherichia colitowards the bacteria (where don't showed any biological effectiveness. Also the study confirmed that ligands and their complexes did not show any biological activity towards the bacteria (staphylococcus aureus).

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة بايولوجية لمشتقات جديدة من - 3,4,0 اوكسادايزول و3,4,0 - ثايادايازول ومعقداتها مع بعض العناصر الانتقالية واستخدامها في استخلاص الكوبلت الثنائي == Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological activity Study of New 1,3,4 - Oxadiazole and 1,3,4 - Thiadiazole Derivatives and Some of Their Transition Metal Complexes and Using in extraction of cobalt ion (ll)

اسم المؤلف: ازهار حميد كاطع
اسم المشرف: ساهر عبد الرضا علي | ابراهيم عبود فليفل
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The thesis include preparation and characterization of some new derivations of 1,3,4 - oxadiazole and 1,3,4 - thiadiazole as ligands which are : - L1 = 2,2' - [(1E,2E) - ethane - 1,2 - diylidenedi(2E)hydrazin - 1 - yl - 2 - ylidene]bis(5 - methyl - 1,3,4 - oxadiazole) L2 = 2 - hydrazinyl - 5 - [(2E) - 2 - {(2Z) - 2 - [2 - (5 - hydrazinyl - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)hydrazinylidene]ethylidene}hydrazinyl] - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole L3 = 2,2' - {1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2,5 - diylbis[(1E)hydrazin - 2 - yl - 1 - ylidene(E)methylylidene]}bis(6 - methoxyphenol) with structural formula L1 L2 L3 The new complexes were prepared from the reactions of ligands L1,L2,L3 with the transition metal salts (CrCl3.6H2O, COCl2.6H2O,NiCl2.6H2O) . The elemental analysis (CHN) , Infrared(IR) Spectroscopy , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H - NMR) , Mass Spectra , Magnetic Susceptibility and Molar conductivity techniques were used to characterize the structural formula of these ligands and their complexes.1) The complexes of [Cr(III) , Co(III)] for all ligands have shown octahedral configuration. 2) Complexes of [Ni(II)] with all ligands have shown square planar configuration.liquid - liquid extraction using L2 as extracting agent , The best results were obtained from liquid - liquid extraction in which Co(ll) had a 95% extraction rate at pH 9 ,temperature degree at 40 C0 Testing the biological activity for ligands and their complex by using spreed method and measurement inhibition zone by using (DMSO) as solvent and erythromycin as standard bactericidal , using in this study two types from bacteria one gram negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ) and other isgram positive bacteria strains staphylococcus aureus

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاند قاعدة شف جديدة مشتقة من 4 - امينو انتي بايرين ومعقداتها مع بعض الايونات الفلزية ودراسة فعاليتها المضادة للبكتيريا == Synthesis And Characterization of New Schiff Base Ligand Derived From 4 - Aminoantipyrine And It'S Complexes With Some Metal Ions And Their Antibacterial Effective Study

اسم المؤلف: هيام هادي علكم
اسم المشرف: ساجد محمود لطيف
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير ليكاند قاعدة شف جديدة (L) ثنائية السن نوع (NO)1,5 - dimethyl - 4 - ( 2 - oxo - 1,2 - diphenyl ethylidene amino) - 2 - phenyl - 1,2dihydropyrazol - 3 - one.وذلك من مفاعلة 4 - aminoantipyriene مع Benzil باستعمال الايثانول وسطا للتفاعل. | This work covers the synthesis and characterization of the new Schiff base bidentate ligand(L) type (NO) 1,5 - dimethyl - 4 - (2 - oxo - 1,2 - diphenylethylidene amino) - 2 - phenyl - 1,2 dihydropyrazol - 3 - oneThe ligand (L) was prepared from reaction of 4 - aminoantipyrine with Benzil under reflux in ethanol solvent. The Ligand Complexes for the metal ions : VO(II) ,Mn(II) , Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) and Hg(II) were prepared. The Ligand and its complexes were characterized by spectral methods [FT - IR , UV - Vis , Atomicabsorption , 1HNMR ] in addition to molar conductivity , Microanalysis (C.H.N) , Magnetic moment effect and melting point and mole ratio Ligand : Metal. From the above data for the ligand and its complexes , we suggested that the ligand (L) behaves as bidentate on complexation with metal ions Via Natom of ( C = N) group and O atom for ( C = O) of pyrazol ring. The suggested molecular formula and geometrical structure are : 1 - Squarepyrimide for [VO(L) (SO4) (H2O) ] 2 - Tetrahedral for [M(L)Cl2]. n H2O M = Zn (II) , n = 1 M = Cd(II) and Hg(II) ; n =0 3 - Octahedral for [M(L)2Cl X ]. Y M = Mn(II) , X = Cl , Y = H2O M = Co(II) , Ni(II) and Cu(II) X = H2O , Y = Cl

التقدير الطيفي لبعض المركبات الفينولية ذوات الاهمية الصيدلانية == Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Phenolic Compounds of Pharmaceutical Importance

اسم المؤلف: زينب طالب عبد الكاظم السلطاني
اسم المشرف: قاسم حسن كاظم
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتضمن الفصل الاول مقدمة عن تفاعلات الازوتة والازدواج واهميتها وتطبيقاتها في تقدير المستحضرات الصيدلانية، وتضمن ايضا عرضا لبعض الاستخدامات الطبية والصيدلانية للمركبات الفينولية الدوائية المدروسة واستعراضا موجزا للطرائق التحليلية المستخدمة في تقدير المرك | The first chapter included a common introduction on diazotization coupling reaction and their applications to the determination of pharmaceutical preparations. It also included a display of some of its pharmaceutical and medical uses. The chapter also demonstrates a brief review for the analytical methods that have been used for the determination of thymol, Sodium salicylate and Resorcinol in pharmaceutical preparations.The second chapter comprises to describe a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of thymol in aqueous solution, based on the coupling of thymol with diazotized 4 - bromo aniline in strong alkaline medium to produce an intense yellow colored ,water - soluble and stable Azo - dye which exhibits maximum absorption at 464nm. Beer’s law was obeyed between 0.6 - 7.2 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity of 3.0284×104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1,average recovery was 100.002%, and RSD was 0.796%, the LOD was 0.04?g.ml - 1 and LOQ was 0.1333?g.ml - 1. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of thymol in pharmaceutical preparations (mouthwashes) and the analytical results were compatible with certified value of pharmaceutical preparations and with a standard method. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of the method was evaluated against a standard method using F and t - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95% confidence level did not exceed the critical values indicating that the present proposed methods have a good accuracy and validity. The third chapter demonstrates the development of simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microgram amounts of Sodium salicylate in some of its pharmaceutical preparations based on the coupling and Azo reaction to form an intense shine - yellow, water - soluble dye based on the coupling of Sodium salicylate with diazotized p - amino benzoic acid reagent in strong alkaline medium The dye formed has a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 452 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed between 2 - 30 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity of 8.5013×103 l.mol - 1.cm - 1, the LOD was 0.06?g.ml - 1 and LOQ was 0.213?g.ml - 1. The method had a good accuracy and precision, since the recovery was 99.702% and the RSD was 0.854%.. The method has been applied successfully in some pharmaceutical preparations including salicylic acid (topical solution). The analytical results agreed well with British pharmacopia method. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of this method were evaluated against pharmacopoeia method using F and t - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95 % confidence level did not exceed the theoretical values indicating that the present method have good accuracy and validity. The fourth chapter comprises the description of a sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of resorcinol by diazotization reaction using a diazotized 4 - methoxy aniline reagent in strong alkaline medium, to form brown water - soluble colored dye. Which exhibits maximum absorption at 448 nm. The linear range was between 0.4 - 4.4 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity of 2.7844×104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1, average recovery of 101.017%, RSD was 1.02%, LOD was 0.019 µg.ml - 1 and LOQ was 0.065 µg.ml - 1. By the application of the proposed method on the some pure types resorcinol, it was found that the results agreed well with British pharmacopeia method. Moreover, the accuracy and validity of this method were evaluated against pharmacopoeia method using F andt - tests. It was found that experimental F and t values at 95 % confidence level did not exceed the theoretical values indicating that the present method have good accuracy and validity.

تقدير الكميات الضئيلة من الخارصين (II) والنحاس (II) والنيكل (II) باستعمال الكاشف الجديد انتي بايرايل ازو (2,7) - نفثالين دايول بالطرق الطيفية == Determination of Trace Amounts of Zinc (II) , Copper (II) And Nickel (II) Using New Reagent of Antipyriyl Azo(2,7) - Naphthalindiol By Spectrophotometric Methods

اسم المؤلف: مسار علي عواد عناد الزيادي
اسم المشرف: حسين جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم في هذه الدراسة تفاعل الكاشف المحضر الجديد 1 - ('4 - انتي بايرايل ا?زو ) 2,7 - نفثالين دايول(1 - APANDOL) مع (11) ايون فلزي مع استحداث طريقة طيفية لتقدير كل من ايونات الخارصين (II) ,والنحاس (II) ,والنيكل (II) بهذا الكاشف اذ كان الطول الموجي للامتصاص الا | The research includes primary study of the reaction of 1 - ( '4 - anti pyriyl azo) 2,7 - naphthalindiol (1 - APANDOL) with (11) metal ions ,and development of Spectrophtometric method for the determination of Zinc (II) ,Copper (II) and Nickel (II)with this reagent. The wavelength of maximum absorption for the reagent was found at (453) nm and for the complexes formed between these ion with this reagent was found at (492,499,514) nm for Zinc (II), Copper(II) and Nickel (II), respectively in aqueous medium ,also the optimum conditions for the reaction of these ion with the reagent were employed ,such as the volume of reagent solution ,time ,temperature, order of addition and effectives of pH, The calibration curves of these complexes were constructed ,Beer,s law was obeyed in the range of (0.1 - 2.5) ppm for zinc (II) with a correlation coefficient of ( r =0.9976) and molar absorptivity( ? =1.3x104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1 and sandell sensitivity was (0.0049) ?g.cm - 2. For copper (II) the rang was (0.1 - 2.5) ppm with a correlation coefficient of (r =0.9979) molar absorptivity (? =1.9x104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1, and sandell sensitivity was (0.0032) ?g.cm - 2 , as for nickel (II), the range was (0.1 - 2.0) ppm with acorrlation coefficient (r =0.9962) and molar absorptivity (? =2.0x104) L.mol - 1.cm - 1 and sandell sensitivity was ( 0.0029) ?g.cm - 2 The stoichiometry of the formed soluble complexes among Zinc (II), Copper (II) and Nickel (II) with reagent was investigated by both the continuous variations method and mole ratio method ,the ratio (M : L) was (1 : 2) for complexes at pH(8,8 and 9) respectively.The stability constant (Kst) for the complexes were equal to (Kst = (Kst =0.29 x108L.mol - 1) (Kst =1.6 x1010L.mol - 1) and (0.128 x108L.mol - 1) for Zinc ,Copper and Nickel respectively. Precision and accuracy of the analytical procedure were showed for (0.5) ppm of Zinc(II) , Copper(II) and Nickel (II) that R.S.D% was equal to (1.41 , 0.77 and 0.63 %) and Erel % was found to be (0.53% ,0.65% and 0.95%) for these ions , respectively. the analytical procedure were showed for (1.0) ppm of Zinc(II), Copper(II) and Nickel (II) that R.S.D% was equal to (0.58, 0.36 and 0.4 %) and Erel % was found to be (0.28%,0.30% and 0.99%) for these ions , respectively.The interference of metal ions in the presence of related ions was determined , as well as masking of these ions by suitable masking agents was studied. The physical properties of precipitants were studied through the establishment of melting point, solubility and molar conductivity as well as the measurement of infrared spectra ,with the suggestion of structural formula of the formed complexes with the reagent (1 - APANDOL). The method was applied for the determination of the content of Zinc(II), Copper (II) and Nickel (II), in tea leaves.. Finally ,The biological activity of these complexes was tested with two types of bacteria.

تطوير طرائق طيفية لتقدير السلفاميثوكسازول والسلفاديازين باستخدام تفاعل الاقتران الازوتي == Development of Spectrophotometric Method For The Determination of Sulphamethoxazole And Sulphadiazine Using Diazotization Coupling

اسم المؤلف: امل حسين محيميد حسين
اسم المشرف: سعدية احمد ظاهر
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اشتملت هذه الرسالة على ثلاثة فصول : يتضمن الفصل الاول استعراضا موجزا لاملاح الديازونيوم والكاشف الثايمول واهمية ادوية السلفا فضلا عن بعض الطرائق الحديثة في تقدير ادوية السلفا والهدف من اجراء البحث.واشتمل الفصل الثاني على وصف طريقة طيفية بسيطة وحساسة | his thesis consists of three chapters : - the first chapter includes a short notes on the diazonium salt and thymol reagent demonstrates a brief review for, an assay of sulpha drugs and aim of the work.The second chapter describe a simple sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microgram amounts of sulphamethoxazole in aqueous solution, based on the coupling of diazotized sulphamethoxazole with thymol reagent in alkaline medium to produce an intense yellow coloured ,water - soluble and stable azo - dye which exhibits maximum absorption at 473 nm. The determination limits of Beer’s law were 1 - 6 µg.ml - 1, with a molar absorptivity 2.1 × 104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1. The average recovery was 100.12 %, and RSD 0.492 %, the LOD is 0.0087 ?g.ml - 1 and LOQ is 0.029 ?g.ml - 1. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of sulphamethoxazole in pharmaceutical preparations where the analytical results are compatible with certified value of pharmaceutical preparations and with a standard addition procedure.The third chapter demonstrates the development of simple sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of microgram amounts 1 - 7 µg.ml - 1 of sulphadiazine , based on the formation of diazotized sulphadiazine by adding sodium nitrite in acidic medium; followed by removing the excess of nitrite by sulphamic acid, the formed diazotized sulphadiazine was then coupled with thymol in strong alkaline medium to get a yellow coloured azo dye. The produced dye is stable and soluble in aqueous medium and it has maximum absorption at a wave length of 469 nm. The molar absorptivity was 2.6 × 104 l.mol - 1.cm - 1 with LOD and LOQ 0.0077 and 0.025µg.ml - 1 respectively. The method had good accuracy and precision; The average recovery was 100.57 % and RSD 0.657 %. The method was applied on the pharmaceutical preparation of sulphadiazine (as cream), the analytical results were in agreement with certified value of pharmaceutical preparation and with a standard addition procedure.

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاندات ازو جديدة ومعقداتها ودراسة تطبيقاتها الصناعية والبكتيرية == Synthesis And Characterization of New Azo Ligands And Their Complexes And Studying Their Industrial And Bacteriological Application

اسم المؤلف: زينب سلمان كاظم
اسم المشرف: عامر جبار جراد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن هذه الدراسة تحضير ثلاثة ليكاندات ازو جديدة (L3 - L1) ارتكزت جميعها على 2،4 - ثنائي مثيل فينول، تمتلك الصيغ التركيبية الاتية : - شخصت الليكاندات المحضرة باستخدام (FTIR, UV - Vis, 1HNMR) والتحليل الكمي الدقيق للعناصرC.H.N) )، فضلا عن درجات الانصهار. | Three new azo compounds (ligands) L1 - L3 have been prepared all rest on the 2,4 - dimethylphenol as a back - bone of the prepared ligands having the following structures.The prepared ligands were characterized by melting points measurements, IR, 1HNMR and UV - Vis spectra and (C.H.N) analysis. The other part of this project refer to the synthesis of complexes of the ions Ni(II) and Cu(II) with all prepared ligands.All preparation was performed after fixing the ideal pH and molar concentration that obeyed Lambert - Beer’s law in the studied pH ranges. The structure of these complexes was deduced according to the molar ratio and Job methods depending on the spectroscopic studies of the complex solution of the above ions. However, ration of 1 : 2 M : L for all ions were obtained.The prepared complexes were characterized using IR and Uv - Vis spectra conductivity magnetic susceptibility and melting points measurements. The percentage of the metals in the complexes has been found by flameless atomic absorption technique. Micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.) were also measured, the results are in agreement with the calculated values. All the complexes are quite stable and could be stored for months without any appreciable change. According to the results obtained by elemental and spectral analysis, an octahedral structure was suggested for the prepared complexes with the ligand (L1) and mixed ligands (L1,L3)while tetrahedral for the all prepared complexes with the ligand (L2) and ligand (L3).In addition the dyeing performance of the prepared compounds was assessed. The dyes were tested for light and detergent fastness. Study of biological activities of the prepared compounds has also been performed. The study was carried out using Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aurous and Bacillus cereus in agar medium. Some of the complexes exhibit good bacterial activities.

تقنية استخلاص نقطة الغيمة لفصل واغناء المغنيسيوم (II) والخارصين (II) والنيكل (II) على هيئة ايونات سالبة وتقديرها طيفيا في نماذج بيئية وحياتية مختلفة == Cloud Point Extraction Method For Separation And Preconcentration of Mg 2+,Zn 2+,Ni 2+as Anions And Their Spectrophotometric Determination In Environmental And Vital Samples

اسم المؤلف: اباء عدنان عزوز المحنه
اسم المشرف: شوكت كاظم جواد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: قد استعملت تقنية CPEعلى مدى واسع من التطبيقات في اغناء وفصل واستخلاص العديد من المركبات البايلوجية والدوائية والمركبات العضوية والعديد من الايونات الفلزية على هيئة معقدات سالبة اوموجبة في محاليلها المائية.وتعد من التقنيات المهمة والسهلة والرخيصة والصديقة | Cloud point extraction CPE methodology is wide spread used for applications to separation or Preconcentration and extraction of many medic mental or biological compounds as well as organic compounds and several metal ions as negative or positive and neutral complexes for aqueous solutions, as well as this method considers an easy, cheap and important technique and one application of green chemistry with high sensitivity which isn’t use organic solvents. This study is an application for CPE methodology for extraction, separation and preconcentration of magnesium (II), zinc (II) and nickel (II) from aqueous solutions as anions coupled with spectrophotometric method for determination these metals in different vital and environmental samples. And the major thought of this study is to change the metal ion to anion complex in aqueous solutions, and then extracted as ion pair association complexes after combination with large suitable complexing agent and using surfactant as additional phase to extract ion pair association complexes formed and in this study surfactant TritonX - 100 was used. This study include extraction of Mg (II) as anion complex with Oxine [Mg (OX3) - ] after combination Mg2+with Oxine produced from 8 - hydroxy qunoline in basic solution NaOH, afterward formed ion pair association complex with Rhodamin - B.The first step in this study is the definition (?max ) for ion pair association complex formed and extracted spectrophotometricaly. The study show ?max was 648 nm according to mechanism below : Mg2+ + 3 OX - Mg (OX) 3 - Rhb+; Cl - + Mg (OX) 3 - [Rhb+; Mg (OX) 3 - ] + Cl Cloud point extraction CPE method is one of indirect method of extraction to submit to thermodynamic equilibria which is control extraction method.This study demonstrate (50µg/10 mL) giving best extraction with higher activity as well as this method need 0.08 M 8 - HQ for extraction, as well as 0.5 M NaOH to produce Oxine from 8 - HQ as well as need 1×10 - 4 M Rhodamine - B for favorable activity of extraction. Extraction of zinc (II) according to CPE method, by using PANN as new complexing agent prepared in this study to produce ion pair association complex in HCl media after change Zn2+ to ZnCl3 - , ZnCl4= , spectrophotometricaly show ?max = 414 nm for ion pair association complex formed and extracted. According to equilibria below : PANN + 2 HCl [2H - PANN] 2+; 2Cl - PANN + HCl HPANN+; Cl - Zn2+ +3 HCl - ZnCl3 - + 3H+ Zn2+ + 4 HCl ZnCl4= or HZnCl4 - + 3H+ or 4H+ HPANN+; Cl - + ZnCl3 - HPANN+; ZnCl3 - + Cl - HPANN+; Cl - + HZnCl4 - HPANN+; HZnCl4 - + Cl - [2H - PANN] 2+; 2Cl - +ZnCl4= [2H - PANN] 2+; ZnCl4= +2Cl - Hydrochloric acid HCl media play a major rule for change metal cation Zn2+ into anion complex ZnCl3 - or ZnCl4= , then study demonstrate 1M was optimum concentration of HCl giving higher activity of extraction Zn2+ with (20µg/10 mL). Extraction of nickel (II) according to CPE method by used DB18C6 with mechanism of extraction below : Ni2+ + 3H+Cl - NiCl3 - + 3H+ Ni2+ + 4 H+Cl - NiCl4=+ 4H+ Na+Cl - + DB18C6 [NaDB18C6] +; Cl - [NaDB18C6]+; Cl - + NiCl3 - [NaDB18C6] +; NiCl3 - + Cl - [NaDB18C6]+; Cl - + HNiCl4 - [NaDB18C6] +; HNiCl4 - + Cl - Higher activity of extraction was by use of 0.5 M HCl, 0.25 M NaCl, Ni2+ (50µg/10 mL) as well 1×10 - 4 M DB18C6. With study the effect of crown ethers and cryptand kinds. Which include thermodynamic and applications for spectrophotometric determination of these metals in different samples.

تحضير وتشخيص انواع جديدة من الاطيان الهجينة بطريقة ادخال ايونات المعادن باستخدام اطيان السمكتايت العراقية == Preparation And Characterization of Anew Hybrid Clays By Intercalaion With Metal Ions Using Iraqi - Smectite Clays

اسم المؤلف: فرات لطيف يحيى شريف
اسم المشرف: محمد حسن عبد اللطيف
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aim of this study is to prepare two types of hybrid Iraqi Clays, which have been magnetic Properties by using the mothed of Intercalation.In this study, we have used two types of Iraqi clays (Bentonite and Attapulgite) with a saturated solution of ferrous chloride aqueous (FeCl2.4H2O) , ferric chloride aqueous (FeCl3.6H2O) and Super Magnet solution (Nd2 Fe14 B), the clays activate firstly by using the way of the ionic exchange with industrial Ionic exchanger on the formula (H - Form) , then we intercalate different percentage of iron ions and Super Magnet to that clays.They have used different analytical techniques in this study which include : Magnetic Susceptibility ,Infrared spectroscopy , X - ray diffraction spectrum and Scanning Electron microscopy. the results were have obtained as follows : 1 - The activation process has led to removal the impurities and thus led to increase of the proportion each of Montmorillonite and Attapulgite metal.2 - Magnetic Susceptibility of Initiated Clays are higher than the Magnetic Susceptibility of crude clays.3 - Magnetic Susceptibility increases due to intercalate two types of iron ions, as well as intercalated Super Magnet and has models depended in Table (3 - 2) as the higher models of Magnetic Susceptibility with bentonite clay and models in Table (3 - 13) are higher models of Magnetic Susceptibility with Attapulgite clay, 'the model number (1) is the highest Magnetic Susceptibility models of Super Magnet with clay bentonite, either Attapulgite clay has increased Magnetic Susceptibility by using all ratios in Table (3 - 27).4 - Infrared spectrum has showed appearance of clear peaks back to Hematite and Magnetite which have two types of iron oxides, which own magnetic properties and the peaks have notpresented in the spectrum of the raw clay for each of bentonite and Attapulgite as well as appearance of new peak back to hydroxide neodymium at intercalated the Super Magnet.5 - Powder X - ray diffraction spectrum has Showed an increasing in the intensity of each of the Montmorillonite and Attapulgite metal after activation process' After intercalation process we note a decrease in the intensity of Montmorillonite and Attapulgite metal because of the entry of different ratios of iron ions As well as (Nd2 Fe14 B) This is evidence formation of hybrid clays where the X - ray spectrum showed appearance of new peaks back to Hematite , Magnetite and Super Magnet, as well as an increase in the intensity peaks of Hematite in the original clay.6 - Scanning Electron microscopy image has shown on a clear change in the crystalline structures that have appeared on the surface of clay which show the success of intercalation process.Through the results we have obtained through this study that the method used in Activation of clay and intercalation of two type of iron as well as a Super Magnet is a successful method and can be depended in the preparation of Clays possess magnetic qualities can be used in high - efficiency adsorption and ion exchange applications.

تحضير مشتق جديد للبايروزولون ازو واستعماله في تقدير الكميات الضئيلة لبعض الايونات الفلزية بالطرائق الطيفية == Preparation of New Pyrozolone Azo Derivative And Use It For Micro Determination of Some Metal Ions By Spectrophotometric Methods

اسم المؤلف: شيماء حسن ملاح
اسم المشرف: حسين جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير الكاشف الجديد 3 - (?4 - انتي بايرايل ازو) - 1 - نايتروزو - 2 - نفثول واجراء دراسة اولية مع (9) ايون فلزي واستحداث طريقة طيفية لتقدير كل من النحاس (II) والكوبلت (II) بهذا الكاشف في الوسط المائي، اذ كان الطول الموجي الاعظم للكاشف (374) نان | The research includes primary study of the reaction of 3 - (4? - Antipyriyl azo) - 1 - Nitroso - 2 - naphthol (APANN) with (9) metal ions and spectrophotometric method for the determination of copper (II) and Cobalt (II) ions with this reagent. The wavelength of maximum absorption (?max) for the reagent is (374) nm and for complexes formed between these ions with this reagent was found at (430.5) nm and (432) nm for both copper (II) and Cobalt (II( respectively in aqueous medium, also the optimum conditions for the reaction of these ions with the reagent were employed ,such as the volume of reagent solution, time, temperature, type of buffer, order of addition and effect of pH, calibration curves of these complexes were constructed. Beer's law was obeyed in the range (0.1 - 2.5) ppm of copper with a correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9971) and molar absorptivity ? = 1.83 × 104 L.mole - 1.cm - 1 and Sandell sensitivity was (0.00349) ?g.cm2 - , as for Cobalt, the range was (0.1 - 2.5) ppm with a correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9965) and molar absorptivity ? = ) 3.3×104 ( L.mol - 1.cm - 1 ,and Sandell sensitivity was (0.0018)µg.cm - 2. The stoichiometry of the formed soluble complexes between copper (II) and Cobalt(II) with reagent was investigated by both the continuous variations method and mole ratio method, the ratio (M : L) was (1 : 2) for Copper complex and Cobalt complex at pH (8.5) for both complexes. The stability constant (Ksta) for the complexes of copper (II) and Cobalt (II( was equal to (8.237 ×108 L.mol - 1) and (1× 108 L.mol - 1) respectively. Precision and accuracy of the analytical procedure were showed for (0.5) ppm of Cu (II) and Co (II) that R.S.D.% was equal to (0.97), (0.73) , (Erel, Re)% (0.6, 99.4)%, (0.4, 99.6)% for these ions, respectively. The analytical procedure were showed for (1) ppm of Cu (II) and Co (II) R.S.D.% was equal to (0.41,0.60) , (Erel, Re)% (0.3, 99.7)%,(0.2, 99.8)% for these ions respectively. The interference of metal ions in the presence of related ions was determined, as well as, masking of these ions by suitable masking agents was studied. The study of effect of three kinds of surfactants on the absorptions of the complexes and calculation of stability constants and treatment of the results statistically and make comparison with aqueous medium were done. The physical properties of precipitants were studied through the establishment of melting point, solubility and molar conductivity as well as the measurement of infrared spectra , and C.H.N, with the suggestion of structural formula of the formed complexes with the reagent (APANN). The method was applied for the determination of the content of copper (II) in tea leaves samples and Cobalt (II) in raw caw milk samples. Finally ,The biological activity of these complexes was tested with four types of bacteria.

تاثير بعض الادوية على بعض الانزيمات الناقلة لدى مرضى السكري النوع الثاني في محافظة بابل == Study Effect of Some Drugs On Some Transfer Enzymes In Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 In Babylon Province

اسم المؤلف: زينب غالب عبد الكريم الجبوري
اسم المشرف: عودة مزعل ياسر الزاملي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة 100 مريضا بداء السكري من النوع الثاني )غير المعتمد على الانسولين( NIDDM، تراوحت اعمارهم بين ) 53 - 35 ( سنة وتم الحصول على النماذج من المرضى المراجعين الى مركز السكري في مدينة مرجان الطبية في محافظة بابل - العراق، بالاضافة الى 35 شخص ا اصحاء | This study involved 100 patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2, with average of age between (35 - 63) years old. The patients were enrolled in the Diabetes Center in Merjan Medical City, in Babylon Province, Iraq at February 2014 to August 2014. In addition to 50 healthy persons who represent control group, and their age between (35 - 55) years old.The patients were divided into three groups as followingFirst : (28 patients were treated with Metformin (Glucophage) drug).Second : (30 patients were treated with Daonil (Glibeneclamide) drug).Third : (42 patients were treated with Metformin and Daonil).In addition to 50 healthy persons who are selected as control group (without chronic diseases or diabetic and without smoking).The Diabetes Mellitus type 2 was characterized as in WHO criteria which including that all patients in this study, (the patients who are not suffering from hypertension, the asthma, smoking, alcoholism and without using any other drugs over the essential diabetes drugs except that of (Metformin and Daonil) are dismissed in this study). Serum and whole blood were used to estimate the levels of fasting blood glucose, urea, creatinine, proteins, cholesterol, tri glyceride, fatty proteins (HDL - c, LDL - c and VLDL - c) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and GGT) in the serum, HbA1c was detected in the whole blood. MDA and Glutathione in the erythrocytes. In this study, It was found that there are significant and insignificant differences for each of variables related to Diabetes for different types of drugs. Also, the glutathione S - transferase GST was purified from red blood cells (RBC) of control group by ionic exchange chromatography by means of DEAE Cellulose. After that, the electrophoresis of resulted enzyme was made to assess the molecular weight by using of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - Poly Acrylamide Gel2Electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE). The same process was done by using NAITIVIN apparatus to separate the enzyme quantified, and the resulted enzyme from NAITIVIN was treated with the drugs taken by patients. After that, the activity of GST enzyme was measured to show the different drugs effect upon the GST enzyme activity. For the purified enzyme activity after treating it with drugs was 3.62 , 3.57, 3.66 ?mol / min / ml , for each of Metformin, Daonil, and Metformin & Daonil respectively, while the activity of GST purified enzyme without treating with drugs was 3.24 ?mol / min / ml.Through this study, it has been noticed that there is an increasing of enzyme activity after purifying and mixing it with drugs, and this increasing results from the drugs effect upon GST activity, for the enzyme use to transform these poisons (drugs) and resulted compounds outside the body.

تحضير وتشخيص بوليمرات جديدة مقاومة لللهب ودراسة خواصها الحرارية == Synthesis And Characterization of New Flame Retardant Polymers And Study Their Thermal Properties

اسم المؤلف: محمود عودة مطشر
اسم المشرف: محمد علي مطر
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تستخدم البولي ايميدات الاروماتية على نطاق واسع في الصناعة لما لها من خصائص ممتازة في الثبات الحراري, الصلابة العالية ومقاومة اللهب, وهي واحدة من البوليمرات التجارية القوية جدا والعالية الاداء ولها استخدامات وتطبيقات واسعة في التكنلوجيا المتقدمة ,وتضمنت ال | Aromatic polyimides have been widely used in industry because of their excellent properties in thermal stability, high hardness and flame resistance. The present work involved preparation of new diamine monomers ( ABBB, ABAB, ABTB, ABDB, BPP, BCP, BDBP) containing (bromine, chlorine, phosphorus) as flame retardants and introducing them in reaction with different dianhydrides including )PMDA, BTDA, 6FDA) producing new aromatic polyimides (P1 - P7), as follows : - 1. preparation of aromatic diamine monomers containing bromine (ABAB and ABBB), and then introduced in reaction with dianhydride (PMDA) by solution polycondensation producing polymers (P1 and P2) respectively.2. preparation of aromatic diamine monomers which containing elemental (chlorine and bromine), a (ABDB, ABTB) and then reaction with dianhydride (BTDA and PMDA) respectively by solution polycondensation producing polymers (P3 and P4). 3. Preparation of aromatic diamine monomers which containing elemental phosphorus, (BDBP, BCP, BPP) and then their reaction with dianhydride (BTDA, 6FDA, BTDA) by solution polycondensation producing polymers (P5, P6, P7).The prepared monomers and polymers were characterized by (FT - IR and 1HNMR Spectra). The thermal stability of these aromatic polyimides were investigated by means of thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) in a argon atmosphere and at a heating rate of 10°C/min at 800°C and by comparing them with aromatic polyimides (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F) empty elements flame retardant, where proven polymers (P1 - P7) stability of heat is very high, where temperatures were at loss (50%) by weight (T50%) more than (800oC) while the aromatic polyimides (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F) ranging between (492 - 582oC), and the percentage of remaining at a temperature of 800 o C for polymers( P1 - P7) ranging between (59 - 71%) on reverse polymers (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F), the percentage of remaining range (20 - 42%) , has been proven polymers (P1 - P7) high resistance to flame through the rate ratios (Char yield%) at a temperature of 500 o C where it was ranging between (86 - 99%), while for polymers (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F) ranging between (48 - 56%) at the same degree. and has been studying and evaluating the solubility of polymers prepared where appearance polymers (P1 - P7) solubility is very high, especially in solvents (polar aprotic) and because the process of modification in its chemical composition, where the presence of groups hydroxide and flexible ether linkages averse polymers (PIPM, PIBT, PI6F), which showed a lower solubility.

تحضير وتشخيص الليكاند 7 - ]2 - (بنزاميدازوليل) ازو [ - 8 - هيدروكسي كوينولين مع بعض ايونات العناصر الانتقالية ودراستها ضوئيا == Preparation And Identification of Ligand 7 - [2 - (Benz Imidazolyl)Azo] - 8 - Hydroxy Quinoline (BIAHQ) And With Some of Transition Elements Ions And Photo Study

اسم المؤلف: سؤدد عبد الباقر جابر
اسم المشرف: حسن عباس حبيب | خالد جواد العادلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لقد تضمنت هذه الرسالة تحضير نوع جديد من ليكاندات الازو العضوية غير المتجانسة حلقيا الحاوية على مجموعة ازو واحـدة وهو الليكاند 7 - ]2 - (بنزاميدازوليل ازو[ - 8 - هيدروكسي كوينولين(BIAHQ).وقد تم تشخيص هذا الليكاند بوساطة طيف الكتلة وبروتون طيف الرنين الن | This research included prepare a new ligand of azo organic heterocyclic ring containing one azo group which ligand 7 - [2 - (Benzimidazolyl azo) - 8 - hydroxy quinoline] (BIAHQ). Has been identification this ligand by mass spectrometry , proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra ,infrared and UV - visible as well as analysis of the elements(C,H,N), included the preparation of four complexes of ligand (BIAHQ) with metal ions Co 2+ , Ni 2+,Cu 2+ and Zn2+ also studied the spectra of infrared spectra of the complexes prepared, and when compared with the spectra of the free ligand gave the obvious changes have shown these spectra a new peaks were not already present in the spectra ligand This is due to corrdenation between the metal ions under study with the atoms donor nitrogen group azo and nitrogen atom imidazole ring (N3) in the molecule of ligand, suffered with other peakes obvious changes in the shape, intensity and location, and an indication of this process for corrdenation between the metal ions under study and ligand, also studied the spectra of UV - visible, as well as a rigorous analysis of the elements (C,H,N) has been shown by the results agreat compatibility between the ratios calculated theoretically and practically of acquired. Through the results that have been reached suggested formulas compositional complexes showing through which that ligand azo imidazole mono - azo behave as ligand Triplalt coordenat through a nitrogen atom imidazole ring (N3),nitrogen group azo away from the ring heterogeneous and Oxygen of hydroxy quinoline group, which leads to the formation of complexes hexagonal symmetry. Studied the kinetics of photochemical dissociation of these complexes claw through irradiation solution single - wavelength light 365=? nm issued by the mercury lamp low pressure and at a temperature of 25 ?c and show that the interaction of dislocation is first order for all complexes. Was calculated photolysis rate constant kd mediated follow spectral changes during the process of irradiation. For access to the optimum conditions for the dissolution of these complexes have been studying the impact of several factors on the behavior of photochemical included : study the effect of the change in the intensity of light on the rate of disintegration and found that the increas in the intensity of the incident light increased the rate of disintegration of the complexes , as well as the study of the disintegration of the complexes in the temperature range 30 - 15?c found it increasing the temperature increases rate of disintegration. Values were calculated activation energy for all complexes , also studied the effect of the acidic function within the range of 9.3 and found that the rate of the disintegration of the four complexes increases with increasing pH solution. It was the study of the effect of the solvent polarity on the rate of disintegration using solvents ( methanol , ethanol,1 - butanol and isopropanol ) and found that the higher the rate of the disintegration of the complexes have been achieved in methanol , while lower rate was in isopropanol.Also thermal stability studied for ligand and complexes were submitted to thermal analysis (TGA and DSC) activation thermodynamic data are calculated and determainTg ,Tc , Tm and Td.

تحضير ودراسة طيفية وامتزاز لمعقدات بعض ايونات العناصر الانتقالية لليكندات المشتقة == Synthesis Spectroscopic And Adsorption Studies of Some Ions Transition Metal Complexes For Ligands Derived From Sulfamethoxazole And Its Mixed Ligands

اسم المؤلف: فرح علي داود
اسم المشرف: ساهرة صادق عبد الرزاق | احمد ثابت نعمان
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الهدف من الدراسة هو تحضير وتشخيص ليكاند ثنائي السن : - [4 - (5,5 - dimethyl - 3 - oxocyclohex - 1 - enylamino) - N - (5 - methylisoxazol - 3 - yl)benzene sulfonamide]من تفاعل السلفاميثوكسازول مع الدايميدون لينتج الليكاند [H2L] باستخدام طريقة الصهر ا | The aim of the study is the preparation and characterization of bidentate Ligand [4 - (5,5 - dimethyl - 3 - oxocyclohex - 1 - enylamino) - N - (5 - methylisoxazol - 3 - yl) benzene sulfonamide]. The ligand was prepared by fusing sulfamethoxazole and dimedone at (170) ?C for half hour. The prepared ligand was characterized by FTIR,UV - Vis spectroscopy, H1,C3 - NMR spectra, mass spectra, molar conductivity measurement and melting point. The molecular structure for the ligand [H2L] which was proposed as drawn in the figure below : - Ligand [H2L]The complexes prepared using reflux in ethanol as solvent were two types namely : - 1 - Complexes of (1 : 1) mole ratio formula [M(H2L)(H2O)2]Cl22 - Complexes of (1 : 1 : 1) mole ratio formula [M(H2L)(HA)] in the presence of KOH as a base, Where : - M(II) = (Co ,Ni ,Cu) HA= 3 - amino phenol. Spectroscopic methods (FT - IR, UV - Vis spectroscopy) along with (A.A), chloride content and melting point were carried out in addition to molar conductance were done for the characterization of all complexes.The proposed tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions studied were concluded from these measurements. [M(H2L)(H2O)2]Cl2 [M(H2L)(HA)]Molar ratio method were used to determine M to L ratio at maximum wave length (?max=455nm ).The ratio were (1 : 1) mole for both complexes (1) and (4). Bentonite clay was used as adsorbent surface to gather with complexes (1) and (4). The adsorption time investigated was between (15 - 120) min at (25)°C as constant concentration for complexes being (70) mg/L for complex (1) and (50) mg/L for Complex (4) and mesh 75))?m. The results revered that the time needed to reach concentration equilibrium in the were 60 to 75 min for complex (1) and (4). during studying isotherm adsorption for the two complexes on bentonite surface, the results revealed that the trend of the adsorption isotherm was (L1) type according to Giles classification , which means that the adsorbent distributed horizontally on the bentonite surface to from a single adsorption layer type langmire.The adsorption phenomenon was studied at different temperatures (10, 25, 37.5, and 50) oC. The results of the adsorption for both complexes on bentonite surface were showed an increase with increasing temperature (endothermic process). Thermodynamic functions (?Ho, ?Go, and ?So) were calculated and the results were discussed. Generally, the increase in the pH of solution was showed an increase in quantity of both complexes that adsorbed on bentonite clay surface at a certain temperature. The study proved that an increase of adsorbent weight may be enhanced the adsorption process of both complexes. Moreover, the particle size of clay surfaces has an influence on the adsorption process showing an increase in adsorption quantity as the particle size decreased.

تقدير السلينيوم بالطرق الطيفية في نماذج حياتية وبيئية == Estimation of Se By Spectrophotometric Method In Vital And Environmental Samples

اسم المؤلف: داليا عبد الامير احمد
اسم المشرف: صادق جعفر باقر
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد مرض السكري من الامراض المزمنة الواسعة الانتشار في العالم، ومن المشاكل الصحية الرئيسية في معظم دول العالم يضم هذا المرض مجموعة من الاضطرابات الايضية المختلفة (كاربوهيدرات، بروتينات، دهون )، اهمها ارتفاع مزمن في مستوى سكر الدم، حيث ان لتحلل الكلوكوز ف | Diabetes is a chronic disease widespread in the world and lt is amajor health problem. It is agroup of metabolic disorderd including carbohydrates , proteins and lipids. It is considerded as chronic high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). The glycolytic pathway in the cells play an important role to produce the serine which is formed by turning the phosphoglycerate in a series of steps. Serine is behaved as a donor of methyl group catalyzed by serine hydroxyl methyl transferase to produce homocysteine in a series of steps using vitamine B12 and tetrahydro folate (folate cycle) to control the lack of homocysteine that causes high damage to the lining of arteries and other organs , which in turn leads to partial decrease in insulin secretion or lack of insulin receptors. This may effect the eyes , kidneys , blood vessels, and nerves. This research includes people with diabetes type II. admitted to the teaching hospital in Tikrit, Samples have been taken from 40 patients (22 males and 18 females) and (5) samples of healthy males from the staff of the University of Tikrit, The study included two parts : - 1 - Biochemical study : - included the measurement of plasma level of homocysteine from the blood of patients with type II diabetes which showed : - 1 - Significant increase (P

تحديد الظروف الفضلى للتفكك الضوئي لصبغة الاليزارين الصفراء على سطح اوكسيد الزنك المعدل والمسند == Determination The Optimum Conditions For The Photo Degradation of Alizarine Yellow Dye On The Surface of Modified And Supported Zinc Oxide

اسم المؤلف: سوزان ضياء رؤوف
اسم المشرف: احمد كاظم عباس
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم في هذا البحث تحضير عدد من مركبات قواعد شف الحلقية غير المتجانسة وكما في الجدول ادناه : التركيب الرمز جرى تشخيص المركبات المحضرة باستخدام درجات الانصهار,الطرق الطيفية , FT - IR , H1 NMR , CHN Analysis ثم درست قابلية المركبات على تكوين معقدات ملونة ذائبة | The synthesis of heterocyclic schiff bases was achieved as shown in the table below : structure codeIn the first part of this work all the compounds were characterized by their M.p,IR,H1NMR and Elemental analysis CHN.In the second part ,the new compounds were examined by (spot test) for their metal complexes only compound D gave coloured compound with Cu2+ ions.A detailed study for this complex was carried for L/M ratio by mole ratio and continous variation method , calibration curve of Cu2+ ions were established depending on compound D.In the third part ,compounds A,B,C were loaded on poly urethane foam with 5% of the compounds and compound E with 10% to the foam so that chelating polymers P1,P2,P3,P5 were prepared respectively.Compound D was copolymerized with bis phenol A because its phenolic schiff base to produce polymer P4 with 10% of compound D.A complete analytical study for the prepared polymers regarding their loading capacity for different ions specially transition metal ions and heavy metals like Pb2+ and Cd2+ which are a major source of pollution.The study included two major factors i.e treatment time and pH and was conducted by batch study.Polymers P1,P2 and P3 showed same behavior towards the studied ions , on the other hand polymer P4 showed the highest loading capacity for all ions while polymer P5 showed the lowest this can be shown as : - Loading capacity P5< P1 , P2 , P3 < P4The highest loading capacity in all polymers was for Pb2+ ions , other ions were different in their order according to each polymer.A study for the regeneration of loaded polymer P5 (as an example) was conducted using (4M) HCL. The %recovery of Cr3+,Pb2+ and Co2+ was almost 90% or higher but Ni2+ was only 30% recovered.

تحضير ودراسة حركية التفكك الضوئي لمعقدات الموليبدنيوم المخلبية مع ثنائي الكيل ثنائي ثايوكاربامات وN,N - ثنائي مثيل هيدرازين == Preparation And Kinetic Study Photodecomposition of Chelates Molybdenum Complexes With Dialkyl Dithiocarbamat & N,N - Dimethyl Hydrazine

اسم المؤلف: حسن خضر ناجي
اسم المشرف: حسن عباس حبيب
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم تصميم الدراسة الحالية للتخلص من عقاري الباراسيتامول والبروكائين باستخدام الاشعة الفوق بنفسجية وبوجود اوكسيد الزنك كعامل مساعد، حيث سلطت الدراسه الضوء على اهمية كل من الضوء والعامل المساعد كعوامل اساسيه في التفكك الضوئي المحفز لكلا الدوائين.تضمنت الدرا | The current study is designed to treat the paracetamol and procaine by using UV light and ZnO as catalyst. This study explains the importance of the UV light and catalyst as a basic factors in the photocatalytic degradation for both paracetamol and procaine drugs. The study includes the measure of the rate of photocatalytic oxidation by measuring the absorbance of samples of aqueous solution for both drugs which is treated by UV light and ZnO. These absorbance are compared with the initial drug's absorbance. Some parameters which are effected on the rate of photocatalytic oxidation are studied in present research such as the amount of catalyst, initial concentration for the drug's solution, pH and the temperature for the drug's solution. The results show that the photocatalytic oxidation reaction for the paracetamol and procaine obey pseudo - first order according to the Langmuir - Hinshelwood relationship, and also it is found that the photoctalytic oxidation rate fits positively with the increase of the catalyst weight until the weights of ZnO equal to 0.025 g and 0.1 g are considered the optimum weights for paracetamol and procaine respectively where the best photocatalytic degradation is happened. So after these values, the photocatalytic degradation rate is decrease or stablized with the increase of the catalyst weight. In addition, the initial concentration increase for both drugs leads to reduce degradation rate. Also this study is found the increase of pH of reaction solution for both drugs has a positive effect represented by increasing the degradation rate until the pH 8 and 4 are the best acidic function of the paracetamol and procaine respectively. Regarding the change of the temperature has a little effect on the rate of photocatalytic degradation and it was noticed that the reaction rate increases with the increase of temperature. Activation energy is calculated according to the Arrhenius plot of lnK vs. 1/T, the slop of linear plot is equal to ( - Ea/R). Activation energy was found equal to 7.96 KJ. mol - 1 for paracetamol and 8.71 KJ. mol - 1 for procaine. The thermodynamic functions are calculated in current study for each drug and the results for paracetamol are as following : ?G = 63.61 ± 2.85 KJ.mol - 1?H = 5.40 ± 0.13 KJ.mol - 1?S = - 0.189 KJ.K - 1.mol - 1And the results of procaine are as following : ?G = 63.43 ± 2.81 KJ.mol - 1 ?H = 6.15 ± 0.13 KJ.mol - 1?S = - 0.186 KJ.K - 1.mol - 1The results of the suggested mechanism of degradation are shown that the final products for degradation are CO2, H2O and mineral acids.

تحضير ودراسة الفعالية الحيوية لبعض مشتقات الكرمارين الجديدة == Synthesis And Study Biological Activity of Some New Coumarin Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: قاسم عبد الحسين جابر الشيباني
اسم المشرف: نبيل عبد عبد الرضا
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم في هذه الدراسة تحضير المعقدات على النحو الاتي : 1 - اوكسو 1,1 - ثنائي مثيل هايدرازيدو - ثنائي( ثنائي اثيل ثنائي ثايوكارباماتو) موليبدنيوم (VI) 2 - اوكسو 1,1 - ثنائي مثيل هايدرازيدو - ثنائي(ثنائي مثيل ثنائي ثايوكارباماتو) موليبدنيوم (VI) 3 - اوكسو 2,1 | In this study for complexes have been prepared are : 1 - Oxo 1,1 - dimethyl hydrazido - bis (diethyl dithiocarbamato) molybdenum (VI). 2 - Oxo 1,1 - dimethyl hydrazido - bis (dimethyl dithiocarbamato) molybdenum (VI) 3 - Oxo 1,2 - dimethyl hydrazido - bis (diethyl dithiocarbamato) molybdenum (VI). 4 - Oxo 1,2 - dimethyl hydrazido - bis (dimethyl dithiocarbamato) molybdenum (VI). Via two intermediate complexes are di oxo bis (diethyl dithiocarbamato) molybdenum (VI) and di oxo bis (dimethyl di thiocarbamato) molybdenum (VI). All complexes was characterized spectrophometically by UV - vis and FTIR. The kinetic of photo chemical reaction have been studied for these complexes by irradiate there solution by mono wave length light at (?= 366nm)supplied from medium pressure mercury lamp at 293 K for 90 minutes by using ethanol as solvent. Following the photo chemical reaction showed the order of photo dissociation reaction is pseudo - first reaction for all complexes and reaction rate constants were calculated , so the spectrum change were recorded during irradiation period. The effect of several factors have been studied included : period of irradiation , complex concentration , light intensity , PH value , solvent polarity and temperature. Where the periods of irradiation time were followed which last in the complex dissociation , were between 390 - 450 min. study of seven concentration of all complex where the dissociation rate was proportional inversty with concentration , so the dissociation increases when light intensity increase , and notice that changing in pH value between 4 - 10 lead to dissociation increment toward naturalization and decrease when alkalinity rise. According to the solvent effect , the photodissociation take the sequence for all complexes Isopropanol > 1 - butanol > Ethanol > Methanol. Besides the photo dissociation of all complexes was studied in the range 283 - 303 K and found that in the temperature rising the rate of dissociation rises and the activation energy for all complexes and study was calculated. Quantum yields have been calculated for all prepared complexes and the value was more than one , it raters to the photolysis was chain reaction and reaction done by heterogonous splitting of metal - ligand bond according to uv - vis spectrums where oxidation of ligand and the metal was reduced giving opposite complexes
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